Minik
Narrator: In the summer of 1897, the explorer, Robert Peary, arrived in the northern reaches of Greenland on his third expedition to the Arctic.
旁白：1897年夏天，探险家罗伯特·皮尔里第三次北极探险抵达格陵兰岛北部。
A lieutenant in the U.S. Navy, Peary had spent the last ten years surveying and charting Greenland's ice caps in search of the most direct route to his ultimate destination — the North Pole.
作为美国海军中尉，皮里在过去的十年里一直在测量和绘制格陵兰岛的冰盖，寻找通往他的最终目的地——北极的最直接路线。
Peary had long been drawn to the uncharted territories of the Arctic.
皮里长期以来一直被北极未知的领域所吸引。
As a sickly young boy he had been captivated by stories of polar exploration.
当他还是一个体弱多病的小男孩时，他就对极地探险的故事着迷。
Later, after becoming a naval engineer, he borrowed $500 from his mother and bought passage on a ship to Greenland.
后来，成为一名海军工程师后，他向母亲借了 500 美元，购买了前往格陵兰岛的船票。
While there he found his destiny: He would become the discoverer of the North Pole.
在那里，他找到了自己的命运：他将成为北极的发现者。
"No man could obtain a more royal monument," Peary declared, "than to have his name written forever across the mysterious rocks and ice which form the North Pole."
皮里宣称：“没有人能够获得比将自己的名字永远写在构成北极的神秘岩石和冰上更皇家的纪念碑。”
Bruce Henderson, Author, True North : Peary was part of an age of exploration.
布鲁斯·亨德森（Bruce Henderson），《True North》作者：皮里是探索时代的一部分。
And I've always looked on him as being one of the last of the old time explorers.
我一直将他视为最后的旧时代探险家之一。
And by that I mean the late 19th century explorers who just didn't much care about the people of a new land where they were going, or the wildlife, or anything like that.
我指的是 19 世纪末的探险家，他们不太关心他们要去的新大陆上的人民、野生动物或类似的事情。
They just wanted to get where they wanted to get in Peary's case, the North Pole.
他们只是想到达他们想去的地方，以皮里为例，即北极。
He was somebody who was so determined to achieve fame, which being the discoverer of the North Pole would get him, that he was ruled by that.
他是一个一心想获得名誉的人，而作为北极的发现者，他就会获得名誉，因此他被名声所统治。
Narrator: Now, Peary was back in Greenland with an audacious scheme to excavate an enormous meteorite and take it back to sell in the United States.
旁白：现在，皮里带着一个大胆的计划回到格陵兰岛，挖掘一块巨大的陨石并将其带回美国出售。
He planned to use the profits to finance his first full-scale assault on the Pole.
他计划用这笔利润来资助他对极地的第一次全面进攻。
As always, Peary turned to the local Inuit for assistance.
一如既往，皮里向当地因纽特人寻求帮助。
Over the years, the men had driven his dog sleds and the women had sewn his clothes.
多年来，男人们为他驾驶狗拉雪橇，女人们为他缝制衣服。
They had also helped finance his expeditions.
他们还帮助资助他的探险活动。
In exchange for biscuits and coffee, the Eskimos gave Peary fur and ivory, which he sold at a huge profit back home.
为了换取饼干和咖啡，爱斯基摩人给了皮尔里毛皮和象牙，他在家乡出售这些东西获得了巨额利润。
Bruce Henderson: Peary's relationship with the Eskimos was certainly symbiotic.
布鲁斯·亨德森：皮里与爱斯基摩人的关系无疑是共生的。
They got something out of it too.
他们也从中得到了一些东西。
They got guns, they got sewing needles, pots, pans, some things that they wouldn't have gotten otherwise if they hadn't traded with Peary or some other white explorer that came in the area.
他们有枪，有缝衣针，锅碗瓢盆，还有一些东西，如果他们没有与皮里或其他来到该地区的白人探险家进行交易，他们就不会得到这些东西。
What Peary got was, in my estimation, a lot more.
在我看来，皮里得到的远不止这些。
Peary would not have survived in the polar regions without the natives, without their knowledge, without their experience.
如果没有当地人、没有他们的知识、没有他们的经验，皮里就不可能在极地地区生存下来。
Narrator: On this trip Peary was also intent on fulfilling an unusual request from the Museum of Natural History in New York.
旁白：皮里此行还一心要满足纽约自然历史博物馆的一个不寻常的要求。
The museum's curator, Franz Boas, wanted him to bring an Eskimo back for study in New York.
博物馆馆长弗兰茨·博阿斯希望他带一名爱斯基摩人回纽约学习。
Ira Jacknis, Anthropologist: In the late 19th century, there was a tradition of anthropologists working with visiting primitives, ethnic people, to bring them from their foreign countries to the metropolis.
艾拉·杰克尼斯（Ira Jacknis），人类学家：在 19 世纪末，人类学家有一种传统，与来访的原始人、少数民族一起工作，将他们从外国带到大都市。
And I think what was in Boaz's mind, is he was thinking, Well, here is this explorer going to this very distant area with people who are virtually uncontacted.
我认为波阿斯的心里在想，好吧，这位探险家正在与几乎与世隔绝的人们一起前往这个非常遥远的地区。
And if we can bring a native person to New York to help us document our collections this would be a wonderful opportunity to get a lot of information very quickly, and then he would go back the next year.
如果我们可以带一位当地人来纽约帮助我们记录我们的收藏品，这将是一个快速获得大量信息的绝佳机会，然后他会在明年再回来。
Narrator: That August, the western coast of Greenland was largely free of drift ice, and Peary was able to navigate through to Cape York, the southern-most settlement of the Polar Eskimos.
旁白：那年八月，格陵兰岛西海岸基本上没有流冰，皮里得以航行到约克角，极地爱斯基摩人最南端的定居点。
That year two families were living in the region, including Qisuk and his seven-year-old son Minik.
那一年，该地区居住着两个家庭，其中包括奇苏克和他七岁的儿子米尼克。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): I lived in a little igloo with my father.
Minik (as portrayed by actor): I lived in a little igloo with my father.
My mother was dead and I had no brothers and sisters, so I loved my father very much.
我的母亲去世了，我没有兄弟姐妹，所以我非常爱我的父亲。
Everyone liked my father.
每个人都喜欢我的父亲。
Qisuk, they used to say, is the best hunter of all our people.
他们常说，奇苏克是我们所有人中最好的猎人。
My father and the rest of the men saw the big ship when it was far out in the water and they went out in the kayaks to meet it.
当我的父亲和其他人看到那艘大船远远地在水里时，他们就划着皮划艇去迎接它。
I stayed ashore and watched.
我留在岸上观看。
Soon Lieutenant Peary and the others would come ashore.
很快皮里中尉和其他人就会上岸。
We knew what white men do, so our men hid all the furs and ivory to keep them from being stolen.
我们知道白人会做什么，所以我们的人隐藏了所有的毛皮和象牙，以防止它们被偷。
Narrator: When Peary came ashore, he asked Qisuk and Minik for their help.
旁白：皮里上岸后，向奇苏克和米尼克寻求帮助。
A few years earlier Peary had convinced an Eskimo to show him his people's only source of iron — three giant meteorites buried in the ice.
几年前，皮里说服一位爱斯基摩人向他展示他的人民唯一的铁源——三块埋在冰里的巨大陨石。
Peary then laid claim to the meteorites, even scratching his initials on the surface of one.
随后，皮里宣称自己拥有这些陨石，甚至在其中一颗陨石的表面刻下了自己名字的首字母缩写。
Qisuk and several others labored for nine days until finally they heaved the forty ton meteorite on board Peary's ship.
奇苏克和其他几个人辛苦了九天，终于把这块四十吨的陨石搬到了皮里的船上。
The explorer paid them with guns, knives, and biscuits.
探险家给了他们枪、刀和饼干。
Then he made a startling proposition.
然后他提出了一个令人震惊的提议。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): Lieutenant Peary asked if some of us wouldn't like to go back with him, where there were great buildings and railway trains and lights and many people, and where the sun shone every day in winter and where people didn't have to wear heavy furs to keep warm.
米尼克（演员饰演）：皮里中尉问我们是否有人不想和他一起回去，那里有宏伟的建筑、火车、灯光和很多人，那里冬天每天都有阳光，人们不必穿着厚重的毛皮取暖。
He coaxed my father and the brave man, Nuktaq, who were the strongest and wisest heads of our tribe to go with him to America.
他哄骗我的父亲和勇敢的努克塔克，他们是我们部落中最坚强、最聪明的首领，和他一起去了美国。
Our people were afraid to let them go, but Peary promised them that they should have Nuktaq and my father back within a year, and that with them would come a great stock of guns and ammunition, and wood and metal and presents for the women and children.
我们的人民不敢让他们走，但皮里向他们保证，他们应该在一年内让努克塔克和我的父亲回来，并且随之而来的是大量的枪支和弹药、木材和金属以及送给妇女和儿童的礼物。
So my father believed that for so much good and comfort for his people they should let him and Nuktaq make the trip.
所以我父亲相信，为了给他的人民带来这么多好处和安慰，他们应该让他和努克塔克去旅行。
Nuktaq could not part from Atangana, his wife, and his little girl, Aviaq, so he took them with him.
努克塔克无法离开阿坦加纳、他的妻子和他的小女儿阿维亚克，所以他把她们带走了。
My mother was dead, and my father would not go without me, so we said a last farewell to home and went on Peary's ship.
我的母亲去世了，我的父亲不会离开我，所以我们向家做了最后的告别，然后上了皮里的船。
Narrator: And so six Eskimos set off on the long journey to America.
旁白：就这样，六个爱斯基摩人踏上了前往美国的漫长旅程。
Also onboard were skeletons Peary had secretly stolen from Eskimo graves.
船上还有皮里从爱斯基摩人坟墓中秘密偷来的骷髅。
Like the meteorite, he hoped to sell the bones to the Museum of Natural History.
和陨石一样，他希望将骨头卖给自然历史博物馆。
Narrator: On September 30, 1897, Robert Peary's ship docked at Ordinance Wharf, directly adjacent to the Brooklyn Bridge.
旁白：1897 年 9 月 30 日，罗伯特·皮里 (Robert Peary) 的船停靠在紧邻布鲁克林大桥的法令码头 (Ordinary Wharf)。
Peary had cabled ahead with news of his exotic cargo.
皮里已经提前发电报报告了他的异国货物的消息。
Now a huge crowd eagerly awaited his arrival.
现在一大群人热切地等待着他的到来。
Twenty thousand people visited the ship on the first two days to see the giant meteorite and the six Eskimos.
头两天就有两万人参观了这艘船，观看巨型陨石和六名爱斯基摩人。
But no one was more impressed than young Minik.
But no one was more impressed than young Minik.
Never before had he seen so many people.
Never before had he seen so many people.
At most his Inuit community comprised only 234 people, spread over many miles.
他的因纽特人社区最多只有 234 人，分布在数英里之外。
Now he found himself in the heart of a teaming metropolis.
现在他发现自己身处一个团结的大都市的中心。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): Oh I can remember it very well, that day when we first saw the big houses and saw so many people and heard the bells of the cars.
米尼克（演员饰演）：哦，我记得很清楚，那天我们第一次看到大房子，看到这么多人，听到汽车铃声。
It was like a land that we thought must be heaven.
这就像我们认为一定是天堂的土地。
When they took us ashore, they brought five big barrels — they held the bones of our people who had died.
当他们带我们上岸时，他们带来了五个大桶——里面装着我们死去的人的骨头。
When we asked them why, they told us that they were bringing them here to put in nice boxes, where they would be kept safe forever.
当我们问他们为什么时，他们告诉我们，他们把它们带到这里，放在漂亮的盒子里，在那里它们将永远安全。
Narrator: Peary had arranged for the meteorite to be taken to the American Museum of Natural History, but no one had made arrangements for the Eskimos.
旁白：皮里安排这块陨石被带到美国自然历史博物馆，但没有人为爱斯基摩人做安排。
David Hurst Thomas, Curator: There was a lapse of two years between the time that Boas made his initial request and Peary arrived in Brooklyn.
David Hurst Thomas, Curator: There was a lapse of two years between the time that Boas made his initial request and Peary arrived in Brooklyn.
Boas had completely forgotten about that as a possibility, and in fact, he was up to his ears in sending out anthropological expeditions on the Jessup expedition, to the North Pacific.
博阿斯完全忘记了这种可能性，事实上，他正忙着在杰赛普探险队中派出人类学探险队前往北太平洋。
So he was stunned when he found out that Peary had brought Eskimos back to work with anthropological recording here at the museum.
So he was stunned when he found out that Peary had brought Eskimos back to work with anthropological recording here at the museum.
Narrator: The museum placed the Eskimos under the care of its superintendent, William Wallace.
Narrator: The museum placed the Eskimos under the care of its superintendent, William Wallace.
Wallace scrambled to free up space in the basement to accommodate the four adults and two children.
Wallace scrambled to free up space in the basement to accommodate the four adults and two children.
Word soon spread that Eskimos were being kept at the museum and crowds gathered outside, hoping to catch a glimpse of the exotic visitors.
消息很快传开，爱斯基摩人被关在博物馆里，人们聚集在外面，希望一睹这些异国游客的风采。
Many were disappointed to learn that the Inuit were not on display in an exhibit.
Many were disappointed to learn that the Inuit were not on display in an exhibit.
A New York Times reporter accompanied Minik on a tour of Central Park.
A New York Times reporter accompanied Minik on a tour of Central Park.
"The sight of a bicycle man made him howl with glee," he noted, "and he was amazed at the size of the 'big dogs' as he called the horses he saw in the driveways." The Eskimo men showed an interest in the local women, and even made proposals of marriage to a few.
“看到一个骑自行车的人让他高兴地嚎叫，”他指出，“当他给车道上看到的马打电话时，他对‘大狗’的体型感到惊讶。” The Eskimo men showed an interest in the local women, and even made proposals of marriage to a few.
But within a few weeks the Eskimos came down with colds that became progressively worse.
But within a few weeks the Eskimos came down with colds that became progressively worse.
Franz Boas was worried.
弗朗茨·博阿斯很担心。
"Although I am not formally responsible, the whole thing falls on my shoulders," he confided to a friend.
"Although I am not formally responsible, the whole thing falls on my shoulders," he confided to a friend.
"I feel a stone around my heart." Boas contacted Peary.
"I feel a stone around my heart."博阿斯联系了皮里。
Franz Boas (as portrayed by actor): "My Dear Lieutenant Peary, We feel very much disturbed regarding the health of the Eskimo family at the museum, and I beg to ask if you will kindly call and give us your advice as to what is best to be done for them.
弗兰茨·博阿斯（演员饰演）：“我亲爱的皮里中尉，我们对博物馆里爱斯基摩人家庭的健康状况感到非常不安，恳请您致电并就如何为他们做最好的事情向我们提出建议。
They seem to have severe bronchial trouble, and we fear that it may turn into pneumonia.
They seem to have severe bronchial trouble, and we fear that it may turn into pneumonia.
Sincerely, Franz Boas
此致，弗朗茨·博阿斯
Narrator: But Robert Peary did not reply.
Narrator: But Robert Peary did not reply.
He was en route to Europe for a series of lectures promoting his plans for an expedition the Pole.
He was en route to Europe for a series of lectures promoting his plans for an expedition the Pole.
Bruce Henderson: I don't think he felt any responsibility for the Eskimos once he dropped them off at the museum.
Bruce Henderson: I don't think he felt any responsibility for the Eskimos once he dropped them off at the museum.
There's no evidence that he visited them, asked them to dinner, talked to them, cared about them ...
没有证据表明他拜访了他们，请他们吃饭，与他们交谈，关心他们......
He really gave them so precious little.
He really gave them so precious little.
Narrator: Boas attempted to find the Eskimos a way back home.
Narrator: Boas attempted to find the Eskimos a way back home.
David Hurst Thomas: The closest that Boas could arrange was to get them back to Labrador.
David Hurst Thomas: The closest that Boas could arrange was to get them back to Labrador.
But Labrador is a long way from Greenland and he decided that would be a mistake.
但拉布拉多距离格陵兰岛很远，他认为这是一个错误。
So they stayed here and, of course, they sickened in the New York environment.
So they stayed here and, of course, they sickened in the New York environment.
Minik (as portrayed by actor): In the hospital, all my father ever did was think about me.
米尼克（演员饰演）：在医院里，我父亲所做的一切就是想着我。
He never slept and kept watch over me, day and night.
他从不睡觉，日夜守护着我。
He didn't sleep; he didn't eat.
他没有睡觉；他没有吃饭。
When they brought him something, he demanded that they feed me.
当他们给他带来东西时，他要求他们喂我。
And when I seemed to have an appetite, big tears would come to his eyes.
当我看起来有胃口的时候，他的眼里就会流下大颗的泪水。
Narrator: Boas visited Minik in the hospital and was impressed with his intelligence.
旁白：博阿斯去医院看望米尼克，对他的聪明才智印象深刻。
"The boy had begun to pick up a few English words as soon as he reached this city," Boas noted.
“这个男孩一到达这座城市就开始学会一些英语单词，”博阿斯指出。
After six weeks at Bellevue, the Eskimos' health had improved enough for them to return to the museum.
在贝尔维尤六周后，爱斯基摩人的健康状况已经改善，足以让他们返回博物馆。
This time they were given a more comfortable space on the sixth floor where anthropologists were eager to study them.
这次他们在六楼得到了一个更舒适的空间，人类学家渴望在那里研究他们。
Ira Jacknis: The essential anthropological problem at the time was to try to account for the history of human cultures.
艾拉·杰克尼斯：当时人类学的基本问题是试图解释人类文化的历史。
How did all these people get to be the way they are?
这些人是怎么变成现在这个样子的？
And how were they related or not related?
And how were they related or not related?
This was really not known at the time.
This was really not known at the time.
Now, if you measured their bodies, you could compare the measurements of one group to the measurements of people on different continents.
现在，如果你测量他们的身体，你可以将一组人的测量值与不同大陆上的人的测量值进行比较。
The visit of Minik and his family really fits into a much larger story of American anthropology.
米尼克和他的家人的来访确实符合美国人类学的一个更大的故事。
The overarching world views that anthropologists are working with are very, very racist, built on the notion that the white people are at the top of a ladder, that dark skinned people are at the bottom of the ladder.
人类学家正在研究的总体世界观是非常非常种族主义的，其建立在这样的观念之上：白人位于梯子的顶部，而深色皮肤的人位于梯子的底部。
Boaz enters with a very different perspective, and he's really horrified with all this.
波阿斯以一种截然不同的视角进入，他对这一切感到非常震惊。
And he doesn't buy the initial assumptions.
And he doesn't buy the initial assumptions.
Narrator: Boas set out to collect data from the Eskimos that would challenge conventional notions of a racial hierarchy amongst the world's peoples.
旁白：博阿斯着手从爱斯基摩人那里收集数据，这些数据将挑战世界人民之间种族等级制度的传统观念。
Ira Jacknis: His most radical notion is to say that people are not arranged in a hierarchy of more primitive to more advanced, and to better and worse, but that all people are essentially the same.
艾拉·杰克尼斯：他最激进的观点是，人们并不是按照从原始到高级、从好到坏的等级制度排列的，而是所有人本质上都是一样的。
Narrator: But Boas' studies were cut short in January 1898 when the Eskimos again became sick, forcing them to return to the Hospital.
旁白：但是 1898 年 1 月，爱斯基摩人再次患病，迫使他们返回医院，博阿斯的学习被中断。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): The worst thing for my father was when he got so weak and had to stay in bed and couldn't come over to me.
米尼克（演员饰演）：对我父亲来说，最糟糕的事情就是他变得如此虚弱，不得不躺在床上，无法过来找我。
I cried the whole time and couldn't eat anything because I was afraid my father was going to die.
我一直在哭，什么也吃不了，因为我害怕父亲会死。
He very nearly choked during the night.
He very nearly choked during the night.
He was calling out for home, for his family, his friends — and me.
他呼唤着回家、呼唤他的家人、他的朋友——还有我。
I buried my head in my pillow and just cried.
I buried my head in my pillow and just cried.
When I got to feeling better they allowed me to go over and lie down next to him.
当我感觉好一点时，他们允许我走过去躺在他旁边。
He knew he was going to leave me and was filled with the most awful grief.
他知道他要离开我，心中充满了最可怕的悲伤。
"Your father's spirit will always be with you, Minik," he said in our language.
“你父亲的灵魂将永远与你同在，米尼克，”他用我们的语言说道。
He swallowed heavily, and I knew he was going to die.
他重重地咽了口口水，我知道他快要死了。
Narrator: On February 17, 1898, Minik's father died.
旁白：1898年2月17日，米尼克的父亲去世了。
Initially there was a disagreement over who owned Qisuk's remains.
最初，对于谁拥有齐苏克的遗体存在分歧。
Eventually, an agreement was reached: his internal organs and brain would remain at Bellevue for study, while his skeleton would be sent to the Museum of Natural History, to Franz Boas.
最终，达成了一项协议：他的内脏和大脑将留在贝尔维尤进行研究，而他的骨骼将被送到自然历史博物馆的弗朗茨·博阿斯手中。
Ira Jacknis: The whole experience of Minik and his family, I think, was devastating to Boas.
艾拉·杰克尼斯：我认为，米尼克和他的家人的整个经历对博阿斯来说是毁灭性的。
It was a situation that got out of hand.
It was a situation that got out of hand.
It really — it was nothing that he ever dreamed would happen, and nothing he ever wanted to happen.
真的——这不是他梦想会发生的事情，也不是他希望发生的事情。
When things like this happened, you just made the best of it.
当这样的事情发生时，你只是尽力而为。
Narrator: Boas had the skeleton cleaned and mounted for the Museum's collection.
旁白：博阿斯将骨架清洗干净并安装好，供博物馆收藏。
He then made a decision that would come to haunt him.
然后他做出了一个令他困扰的决定。
Boas had museum staff stage a funeral of Quisik on the museum grounds for Minik to witness.
博阿斯让博物馆工作人员在博物馆场地为奎西克举办葬礼，让米尼克见证。
Boas would later say the ceremony was intended to comfort the young Eskimo.
博阿斯后来说，这个仪式是为了安慰年轻的爱斯基摩人。
David Hurst Thomas: What Boas said is we wanted to spare Minik, the child, the pain of knowing that his father had been rendered into a skeleton and was on the shelves with the rest of the anthropological specimens.
大卫·赫斯特·托马斯：博厄斯说的是，我们想让米尼克这个孩子免受痛苦，因为他知道他的父亲已被制成骷髅，并与其他人类学标本一起放在架子上。
So they proceeded with the funeral.
So they proceeded with the funeral.
Boas took it fairly lightly.
博阿斯对此相当淡然。
He said, "Well, we're doing what's the best for the kid," But today it looks pretty callous.
他说，“好吧，我们正在做对孩子最好的事情，”但今天看起来相当冷酷无情。
Ira Jacknis: I think Boaz thought, Well, it's very unfortunate these people died.
艾拉·杰克尼斯：我认为波阿斯想，嗯，这些人死了真是不幸。
He didn't want them to die.
He didn't want them to die.
He certainly did want them to return to their home lands.
他当然希望他们回到自己的祖国。
But he thought, Well, now that they were dead, it was — something could come of it, some good could come of their death, and science could learn from the records of their skeletons.
但他想，好吧，既然他们死了，那就是——他们的死可能会带来一些好处，科学可以从他们的骨骼记录中学习。
Narrator: Boas notified Peary of Qisuk's death.
Narrator: Boas notified Peary of Qisuk's death.
From San Francisco, Peary telegraphed a reply: "Deeply regret Eskimo's death.
皮里从旧金山回电说：“对爱斯基摩人的死深感遗憾。
Confident everything was done.
Confident everything was done.
Entire responsibility mine." After Qisuk's death, William Wallace took Minik and the other Inuit to live with him in the Bronx.
全部责任都是我的。”奇苏克死后，威廉·华莱士带着米尼克和另一个因纽特人一起住在布朗克斯。
But the Eskimos' health continued to decline.
But the Eskimos' health continued to decline.
Within a few weeks, Atangana, who had been the first of the Eskimos to sicken, also died.
几周之内，第一个患病的爱斯基摩人阿坦加纳也去世了。
Nuqtak prepared a traditional Inuit burial ritual for his wife.
努克塔克为他的妻子准备了传统的因纽特葬礼。
According to a detailed account by one of Boas' assistants, Nuktaq carried her out of the house into the barn.
根据博阿斯的一位助手的详细描述，努克塔克把她从房子里抱到谷仓里。
He then "began to talk to the body, speaking fast and in a very low voice," the assistant noted.
然后他“开始与尸体交谈，语速很快，声音很低，”助理指出。
"With one hand he lifted up the blanket covering her, and passed his other over her body from her forehead to her heart.
“他用一只手掀起盖在她身上的毯子，另一只手抚过她的身体，从她的额头到她的心脏。
He reproached her for being a Shaman and not being able to cure herself, and added 'I am sure I shall die myself.' Then he took her by the shoulder, and shook her hard, telling her to remain where she was.
他责备她是萨满，无法治愈自己，并补充道：“我确信我自己会死。”然后他抓住她的肩膀，用力摇晃她，让她留在原地。
On the tenth day after her death, Nuktaq was very anxious to see the grave, and according to Inuit tradition planned to visit it every ten days thereafter."
在她死后的第十天，努克塔克非常渴望看到坟墓，按照因纽特人的传统，计划此后每十天去拜访一次。”
Narrator: By spring, Minik's health had improved, but the others were still gravely ill.
旁白：到了春天，米尼克的健康状况有所好转，但其他人仍然病得很重。
Wallace took the ailing Eskimos to upstate New York, where he owned a farm.
华莱士带着生病的爱斯基摩人来到纽约州北部，在那里他拥有一个农场。
He hoped the mountain air would improve their health, but their condition only worsened.
他希望山上的空气能改善他们的健康，但他们的病情只会恶化。
On May 14th, Nuqtak died.
5月14日，努克塔克去世。
Ten days later his twelve-year-old daughter Aviaq also died.
十天后，他十二岁的女儿阿维亚克也去世了。
Franz Boas instructed Wallace to send Nuktaq and Aviaq's bodies back to New York where their skeletons would be archived alongside Qisuk's.
弗兰茨·博阿斯指示华莱士将努克塔克和阿维亚克的尸体送回纽约，在那里他们的骨骼将与奇苏克的骨骼一起存档。
After his companions' death, Uisaakassak refused to return to the house in which Nuktaq had died and moved into an old shed near the local church.
在他的同伴去世后，乌萨卡萨克拒绝返回努克塔克去世的房子，并搬进了当地教堂附近的一个旧棚屋。
"It is very difficult to keep him there contented," noted Wallace, who managed to convince Peary to take the 23-year-old Eskimo with him to the Arctic that summer.
华莱士指出：“要让他满足在那里是非常困难的。”他设法说服皮里在那个夏天带着这位 23 岁的爱斯基摩人前往北极。
Eight-year-old Minik, however, remained in New York.
然而，八岁的米尼克仍然留在纽约。
Wallace and his wife, Rhetta, had grown fond of the boy.
华莱士和他的妻子瑞塔越来越喜欢这个男孩。
They took him into their home and set about raising him as one of their own.
他们把他带回家，并开始把他当作自己的一员来抚养。
He became known as Mene Wallace, and took the middle name Peary.
他被称为梅内·华莱士（Mene Wallace），中间名是皮里（Peary）。
It had been a year since Peary brought the six Polar Eskimos to New York.
佩里将六名极地爱斯基摩人带到纽约已经一年了。
Now, Minik was the only one left in America.
现在，米尼克是美国仅存的一个人了。
Narrator: Robert Peary arrived in Greenland in the fall of 1898.
旁白：罗伯特·皮尔里 (Robert Peary) 于 1898 年秋天抵达格陵兰岛。
He would spend the next four years in the Arctic, on his most ambitious effort yet to reach the North Pole.
接下来的四年里，他将在北极度过他迄今为止最雄心勃勃的到达北极的努力。
"If there is no route," he declared, "then I shall make one." But almost immediately Peary encountered a series of setbacks.
“如果没有路线，”他宣称，“那么我就开辟一条。”但皮里几乎立刻就遇到了一系列挫折。
During the first winter, while pushing North through intense storms and temperatures hovering near minus sixty degrees, the explorer developed frostbite on his feet, requiring the amputation of seven toes.
第一个冬天，在经历猛烈风暴和接近零下六十度的气温向北推进的过程中，这位探险家的脚部冻伤了，需要截掉七个脚趾。
Undeterred, he made another push north.
他没有被吓倒，再次向北推进。
Nothing was heard from him for more than a year, and for a while he was feared lost.
一年多以来，他没有任何消息，有一段时间他担心自己会迷路。
On each advance north, Peary relied on the Inuit to drive his sledges.
每次向北前进，皮里都依靠因纽特人驾驶雪橇。
But with each failure to reach the Pole, the number of natives willing to accompany him dwindled.
但随着每次未能到达极点，愿意陪伴他的当地人数量就逐渐减少。
In the spring of 1902, despite the promise of rewards, Peary was able to convince just four Eskimos to travel northward with him across the frozen sea ice.
1902 年春天，尽管承诺给予奖励，皮里还是说服了四名爱斯基摩人与他一起穿越冰冻的海冰向北行进。
Bruce Henderson: They thought these crazy white men were going to get them killed.
布鲁斯·亨德森：他们认为这些疯狂的白人会害死他们。
They were taking them out onto areas of the ice flow and whatnot that no native in his right mind would go out on, because the ice cracks when it gets too thin, certain time of the year, whatnot.
他们把他们带到冰流区域，任何一个头脑正常的当地人都不会去那里，因为当冰层变得太薄时，一年中的某些时候，冰就会破裂，诸如此类。
Peary would say, We're going there, because I want to get there.
皮里会说，我们要去那里，因为我想去那里。
Until the white man came looking for the Pole, the Eskimos didn't really much care about the pole.
直到白人来寻找杆子之前，爱斯基摩人并不太关心杆子。
And why should they?
为什么他们应该这样做？
There wasn't any game there.
那里没有任何比赛。
There wasn't any water there.
那里没有水。
It was a place to go and die.
这是一个可以去死的地方。
And the natives had always tried to stay away from places where you would go to die.
当地人总是试图远离那些你会死去的地方。
And they thought it was rather curious that these guys like Peary wanted to go to these dangerous places that, frankly, they were afraid of.
他们认为像皮里这样的人想去这些他们害怕的危险地方，这很奇怪。
Narrator: On April 21, 1902, dangerous weather conditions dealt Peary another crushing setback.
旁白：1902 年 4 月 21 日，危险的天气条件给皮里带来了又一次毁灭性的挫折。
Stalled by storms and rough ice and still more than 300 miles from the Pole, Peary was forced to turn back.
皮尔里因暴风雨和粗糙的冰层而停滞不前，距离极地仍有 300 多英里，被迫折返。
Bruce Henderson: The Navy put right in his orders: You will get to the Pole.
布鲁斯·亨德森：海军正确地执行了他的命令：你将到达极点。
We are giving you paid leave to get to the Pole and to represent the Navy, United States Navy.
我们为您提供带薪休假，以便您前往极地并代表海军，美国海军。
And nothing short will suffice.
任何短的都不够。
Well, he came up short.
好吧，他没能做到。
Narrator: As Peary struggled to reach the Pole, Minik was settling into life in America with the Wallaces.
旁白：当皮里努力到达极地时，米尼克和华莱士一家正在美国适应生活。
He divided his time between the family home in New York and their country retreat upstate.
他将自己的时间分配在纽约的家中和北部的乡村度假胜地。
He became close friends with the Wallace's young son Willie and attended Mount Hope Public School, where he learned to read and write.
他与华莱士的小儿子威利成为了亲密的朋友，并就读于希望山公立学校，在那里他学会了读书和写作。
"Born in a land where life means nothing more than a mere physical existence," a journalist noted, "he has been brought by accident into an American home to enjoy all that that means." Minik was enjoying the material comforts of life in America.
一位记者指出：“出生在一个生命仅仅意味着物质存在的土地上，他偶然被带到美国家庭，享受这意味着的一切。”米尼克在美国享受着物质生活的舒适。
Then, suddenly, Minik's new life began to unravel.
然后，突然间，米尼克的新生活开始瓦解。
In 1901, after being accused of fraudulent use of museum funds, William Wallace lost his job at the museum.
1901 年，威廉·华莱士被指控欺诈使用博物馆资金后失去了博物馆的工作。
Three years later, Wallace's wife, Rhetta, died; Willie was sent away to live with relatives.
三年后，华莱士的妻子瑞塔去世；威利被送去与亲戚住在一起。
Minik dropped out of school.
米尼克辍学了。
He and his foster father shared an apartment on 14th Street, while Wallace struggled to make ends meet.
他和他的养父在第 14 街合住一套公寓，而华莱士则在努力维持收支平衡。
Peary was also struggling.
皮里也在挣扎。
When he returned from his failed attempt to reach the North Pole, he was dismayed to learn that public support for his efforts was waning.
当他尝试到达北极失败后返回时，他沮丧地发现公众对他的努力的支持正在减弱。
It took him three years to revive public interest in another expedition, and to raise funds from wealthy patrons.
他花了三年时间才重新唤起公众对另一次探险的兴趣，并从富有的赞助人那里筹集资金。
Bruce Henderson: Peary was a networker, whether it was the President of the United States, or whether it was any other of these industrialists, wealthy men, Peary did have a way of garnering their support and raising money.
布鲁斯·亨德森：皮里是一个网络人，无论是美国总统，还是其他实业家、富人，皮里确实有办法获得他们的支持并筹集资金。
And he was certainly a showman.
他无疑是一位表演者。
He could go on tours and circuits, and talk about the North Pole, and show the Eskimo dogs, and tell rather dramatic stories.
他可以去旅行和巡回演出，谈论北极，展示爱斯基摩狗，并讲述相当戏剧性的故事。
He did have some charisma and he could get people to believe in him.
他确实有一定的魅力，可以让人们相信他。
Narrator: Finally, Peary managed to raise $100,000 to build a new expedition ship, which he named after President Theodore Roosevelt, one of Peary's most prominent supporters.
旁白：最后，皮里成功筹集了 10 万美元建造了一艘新的探险船，并以皮里最著名的支持者之一西奥多·罗斯福总统的名字命名。
In July 1905, the explorer set off for Greenland, only to return a year later, having failed to reach the Pole once again.
1905 年 7 月，这位探险家出发前往格陵兰岛，一年后返回，但未能再次到达极地。
Bruce Henderson: Getting to the North Pole meant everything to Robert Peary.
布鲁斯·亨德森：到达北极对罗伯特·皮里来说意味着一切。
He was obsessed, and he was determined.
他执着了，也下了决心。
And nothing or nobody was going to stop him.
没有什么或没有人可以阻止他。
Narrator: With Roosevelt's support, Peary convinced the Navy to give him another three years of paid leave to pursue his Arctic expeditions.
旁白：在罗斯福的支持下，皮里说服海军再给他三年带薪休假，以继续他的北极探险。
In July 1907, he announced what he felt certain would be his last attempt to reach the North Pole.
1907 年 7 月，他宣布他确信这将是他最后一次尝试到达北极。
"I believe I shall win this time," he wrote Roosevelt.
“我相信这次我会赢，”他写信给罗斯福。
"I believe this is the work for which God almighty intended me ...
“我相信这是全能的上帝希望我从事的工作......
"
”
That same year, Minik made a shocking discovery.
同年，米尼克有了一个令人震惊的发现。
From newspaper accounts he finally learned the truth about his father's burial.
从报纸上的报道他终于得知了父亲下葬的真相。
It had all been a fake; his father's bones were being held at the museum.
这一切都是假的；他父亲的骨头被保存在博物馆里。
The seventeen-year-old Eskimo grew melancholic and restless.
十七岁的爱斯基摩人变得忧郁不安。
"We did our best to cheer him up," Wallace wrote, "but it was no use.
华莱士写道：“我们尽力让他高兴起来，但没有用。
His heart was broken.
他的心碎了。
He had lost faith in the new people he had come among."
他对他所接触的新朋友失去了信心。”
Chester Beecroft, a prominent New Yorker, was moved by Minik's plight and took his case to Washington.
纽约著名人士切斯特·比克罗夫特 (Chester Beecroft) 被米尼克的困境所感动，并将案件提交给华盛顿。
Beecroft requested that the government support Minik and his education.
比克罗夫特请求政府支持米尼克和他的教育。
In a letter to President Roosevelt, Beecroft described Minik as "a national guest and a national prisoner" whose condition "is becoming a national disgrace." But no one came to Minik's aid.
在给罗斯福总统的一封信中，比克罗夫特将米尼克描述为“一位国家客人和国家囚犯”，他的状况“正在成为国家的耻辱”。但没有人来帮助米尼克。
Narrator: In June 1908, as he was making final preparations for his expedition north, Robert Peary received a letter from William Wallace.
旁白：1908年6月，罗伯特·皮里正在为北上探险做最后的准备，他收到了威廉·华莱士的一封信。
William Wallace(as portrayed by actor): "Dear Lieutenant Peary, Minik desperately wants to visit his people up north and I beg you to allow him to accompany you on your journey.
威廉·华莱士（演员饰演）：“亲爱的皮里中尉，米尼克非常想去北方拜访他的人民，我恳求你允许他在你的旅程中陪伴你。
Please let me know if you can fulfill this request."
如果你能满足这个请求，请告诉我。”
Narrator: "I have received your letter of June 23," Peary replied, "and while I would like to please Mene in this matter, I regret that my ship will be too crowded for me to take him this summer.
旁白：“我收到了你 6 月 23 日的信，”皮里回答道，“虽然我很想在这件事上取悦梅内，但我很遗憾我的船太拥挤了，无法在今年夏天带他去。
Or if he is very anxious to get some things from up there, I shall be glad to try to send him back a kayak or a sledge or whatever he may most desire."
或者，如果他非常渴望从上面得到一些东西，我会很乐意尝试送回一艘皮划艇或雪橇或任何他最想要的东西。”
More than ever, Peary felt himself in an intense race to reach the North Pole.
皮里比以往任何时候都更感觉自己处于一场到达北极的激烈竞赛中。
The previous year, Frederick Cook, a physician and Peary's former colleague, had announced his own plans to reach the Pole using a new route.
去年，皮里的前同事弗雷德里克·库克（Frederick Cook）是一名医生，他宣布了自己的计划，即使用新路线到达极点。
While the Roosevelt still lay docked in New York, Cook was making his way to Northern Greenland.
当罗斯福号仍停靠在纽约时，库克正在前往格陵兰岛北部。
Bruce Henderson: There's no doubt that Peary was getting increasingly desperate.
布鲁斯·亨德森：毫无疑问，皮里变得越来越绝望。
And I think he felt that he didn't have much time left.
我认为他觉得自己没有多少时间了。
And, indeed, he didn't.
事实上，他没有。
When he left on his last polar expedition, he was 51 years old, 50, 51.
当他离开最后一次极地探险时，他已经 51 岁、50 岁、51 岁。
I think he thought that it was now or never.
我想他认为现在就是这样，否则永远不会。
Narrator: Upon his departure, Peary made a dark promise: "This time I will reach the Pole or die." That August, Robert Peary finally set up camp in Northern Greenland.
旁白：离开时，皮里做出了一个黑暗的承诺：“这一次我要么到达极地，要么死去。”那年八月，罗伯特·皮尔里终于在格陵兰岛北部扎营。
The following winter he set out with 22 Eskimo drivers, and 246 dogs — one of the largest Polar expedition teams ever assembled.
第二年冬天，他带着 22 名爱斯基摩车手和 246 只狗出发——这是有史以来规模最大的极地探险队之一。
Six weeks later, while still more than 100 miles from the Pole, the size of his crew had dwindled to just four Eskimos.
六周后，虽然距离极地仍有 100 多英里，但他的船员人数已减少到只有四名爱斯基摩人。
Peary would later claim that with this small team he reached the North Pole on April 9, 1909.
皮里后来声称，他和这个小队于 1909 年 4 月 9 日到达了北极。
Upon his return to the U.S. Peary's claim was echoed across the country.
皮里回到美国后，他的主张得到了全国的响应。
Reporter(archival): Here is the cap and climax the finish, the closing of the book on 400 years of history.
记者（档案）：这就是这本关于400年历史的书的结尾和高潮。
The discovery of the North Pole on the 6th of April 1909 by the last expedition of the Peary Arctic Club means that the splendid frozen jewel of the north, for which through centuries men of every nation have struggled and suffered and died, is won at last and needs to be worn forever by the stars and stripes.
1909 年 4 月 6 日，皮里北极俱乐部 (Peary Arctic Club) 的最后一次探险队发现了北极，这意味着北极这颗灿烂的冰冻宝石，几个世纪以来各国人民为之奋斗、受苦和牺牲，终于获得了胜利，并需要星条旗永远佩戴。
Narrator: But almost immediately, doubts surfaced as to whether Peary had actually reached the Pole.
旁白：但几乎立刻，人们就开始怀疑皮里是否真的到达了北极。
Narrator: The same month that Peary supposedly reached the Pole, Minik decided to leave New York.
旁白：在皮里据称到达极点的同一个月，米尼克决定离开纽约。
Increasingly frustrated at the Museum's refusal to return his father's bones, he struck out on his own for Greenland with just five dollars in his pocket.
由于博物馆拒绝归还他父亲的尸骨，他越来越沮丧，于是他独自一人前往格陵兰岛，口袋里只有五美元。
Minik wrote of his decision to Chester Beecroft, who passed his letter along to the press.
米尼克将他的决定写给了切斯特·比克罗夫特，切斯特·比克罗夫特将这封信转交给了媒体。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): "When this reaches you I will be well on my way.
米尼克（演员饰演）：“当你收到这封信时，我就已经上路了。
You made a brother of me when all the others that were responsible for my being stolen from my own country failed."
当所有其他对我从自己的国家被偷走负有责任的人都失败了时，你就把我当成了兄弟。”
"...
“……
I don't see any chance in New York and I don't want to be a burden for you any longer ...
我在纽约看不到任何机会，我不想再成为你的负担......
So I go away.
所以我就走开。
They won't give me my fathers body out of the museum and they never keep their promise, so I'm disgusted and will leave it all if I can.
他们不肯把我父亲的尸体带出博物馆，而且他们从不遵守诺言，所以我很厌恶，如果可以的话，我会把它全部留下。
Never mind where I am, I'm just working North.
别管我在哪里，我只是在北方工作。
I am homesick and disgusted and when Commander Peary, who brought me to New York told me had no room for me on his ship, I lost hope."
我想家、厌恶，当带我到纽约的皮里中校告诉我他的船上没有地方时，我失去了希望。”
"This is probably the last letter I will ever write.
“这可能是我写的最后一封信。
You see I worked my way up here and you can guess how hard it is to beat your way without any money, and many days I have been hungry and many nights I have cried.
你看，我是靠自己的努力来到这里的，你可以猜到，在没有钱的情况下，要打败你是多么困难，很多天我都在挨饿，很多个夜晚我都在哭泣。
Now I am in Canada, and I am sick and weak and have no more strength to fight off the awful want to die."
现在我在加拿大，我又病又弱，没有更多的力量来对抗可怕的求死之心。”
"My poor people don't know that the meteorite that Peary took, it fell from the star.
“我可怜的人们不知道皮里拿走的陨石是从星星上掉下来的。
But they know that the hungry must be fed and cold men must be warmed and helpless people cared for and they do it.
但他们知道，饥饿的人必须得到食物，寒冷的人必须得到温暖，无助的人必须受到照顾，他们就这么做了。
Wouldn't it be sad if they forgot these and got civilized.
如果他们忘记了这些并变得文明，那不是很可悲吗？
I remember one day you told me that the sure way to get revenge is to be unlike the one that hurt you.
我记得有一天你告诉我，报仇的唯一方法就是与伤害你的人不同。
I'm going to die smiling at Peary and the scientists..."
我将在对皮里和科学家们微笑中死去……”
Narrator: When Minik's letter was published, his plight created a national furor.
旁白：当米尼克的信发表时，他的困境引起了全国性的愤怒。
Six weeks after leaving, a bedraggled Minik returned to the city.
离开六周后，浑身脏兮兮的米尼克回到了这座城市。
The San Francisco Examiner promptly published an article with a banner headline announcing Minik wanted to shoot Peary.
《旧金山观察报》立即发表了一篇文章，标题是横幅，宣布米尼克想枪杀皮里。
"I would shoot Mr. Peary and the Museum Director," Minik reportedly said, "only I want them to see how much more just a savage Eskimo is than their enlightened white selves." Robert Peary's wife, Josephine, was enraged.
据报道，米尼克说：“我会射杀皮里先生和博物馆馆长，只是我想让他们看到，与开明的白人相比，爱斯基摩人更像是一个野蛮的爱斯基摩人。”罗伯特·皮里的妻子约瑟芬被激怒了。
The Minik affair, she feared, was becoming a threat her husband's reputation.
她担心米尼克事件正在威胁她丈夫的声誉。
Bruce Henderson: Minik was giving interviews with newspapers.
布鲁斯·亨德森：米尼克正在接受报纸采访。
From Peary's point of view, he didn't like getting bad press.
从皮里的角度来看，他不喜欢受到负面报道。
I mean, that was the last thing Peary wanted.
我的意思是，这是皮里最不想看到的事情。
He wanted everything to be positive.
他希望一切都是积极的。
He wanted the money flowing in, the support, the accolades, everything.
他想要资金流入、支持、荣誉，一切。
And so Minik was a problem.
所以米尼克是一个问题。
Narrator: Josephine Peary and a group of Peary's supporters made arrangements for Minik to join a relief expedition taking supplies to the explorer in Greenland.
旁白：约瑟芬·皮里和皮里的一群支持者安排米尼克参加救援探险队，为格陵兰岛的探险家运送物资。
On July 10, Minik, now eighteen, finally left for his Arctic home.
7 月 10 日，现年 18 岁的米尼克终于启程前往北极的家。
But not before he was forced to sign an agreement stating he would never return to the United States.
但在此之前，他被迫签署了一份协议，声明他永远不会返回美国。
Narrator: In August 1909, Minik looked out on his native land for the first time in twelve years.
旁白：1909年8月，米尼克十二年来第一次眺望自己的祖国。
As his boat sailed into Melville Bay a thick layer of fog shrouded the water.
当他的船驶入梅尔维尔湾时，水面上笼罩着一层厚厚的雾气。
Then a ship became visible in the distance.
然后远处出现了一艘船。
On board stood Robert Peary, clad in fur skins.
船上站着穿着毛皮的罗伯特·皮里。
He was awaiting passage to New York, where he would make public his claim to have reached the Pole first.
他正在等待前往纽约的航班，在那里他将公开他首先到达北极的说法。
Before Minik could leave the ship, Peary forced him to sign a document saying that he had received provisions and supplies from Peary: "All that is needed to make me entirely comfortable."
在米尼克离开船之前，皮尔里强迫他签署一份文件，表明他已经从皮尔里收到了给养和补给品：“所有这些都需要让我完全舒服。”
When Minik disembarked, the local Inuits gathered excitedly around him.
当米尼克下船时，当地的因纽特人兴奋地聚集在他周围。
The ship's crew explained that the young man was the son of the great hunter, Qisuk.
船员们解释说，这个年轻人是伟大猎人奇苏克的儿子。
Minik was silent; he had forgotten his native language.
米尼克沉默了。他忘记了他的母语。
With gestures, the Eskimos welcomed him back home.
爱斯基摩人用手势欢迎他回家。
Sodaq, a powerful shaman, took Minik under his wing and began to reintroduce him into Inuit life.
索达克是一位强大的萨满，他将米尼克置于自己的羽翼之下，并开始让他重新融入因纽特人的生活。
But after a year, Minik was still having trouble adapting.
但一年后，米尼克仍然难以适应。
He confided his alienation to his old friend, Chester Beecroft.
他向老朋友切斯特·比克罗夫特吐露了自己的疏离感。
Minik (as portrayed by actor): I don't think both ends and the middle of the Earth are worth the price that has been paid to almost find one pole.
米尼克（演员饰演）：我认为地球的两端和中间不值得为几乎找到一根极点而付出的代价。
See all the white bones.
看到所有的白骨。
Where is my father?
我的父亲在哪里？
Why am I not longer fit to live where I was born?
为什么我不再适合在我出生的地方生活？
Not fit to live where I was kidnapped?
我被绑架的地方不适合居住？
Why am I an experiment there and here and tormented since the great white pirate interfered with nature and made a failure and left me a helpless orphan — young, abandoned — 10,000 miles from home?
既然伟大的白色海盗干扰了自然并失败了，并在离家一万英里的地方给我留下了一个无助的孤儿——年轻的、被遗弃的，为什么我在这里和这里都是一个实验品并受到折磨？
I have no friend here or anywhere.
我在这里或任何地方都没有朋友。
I am lonely.
我很孤独。
Come up here and I will show you how to find the Pole.
到这里来，我将告诉你如何找到极点。
I will make you king.
我会让你成为国王。
Then if you want me, I will go back to New York with you, or stay here, or go to Hell for you, my friend when there was none.
然后，如果你需要我，我会和你一起回纽约，或者留在这里，或者为你下地狱，我的朋友，当没有人的时候。
Narrator: Minik also told Beecroft that many Eskimos doubted that Peary had ever reached the Pole.
旁白：米尼克还告诉比克罗夫特，许多爱斯基摩人怀疑皮里是否到达过北极。
Bruce Henderson: Although Minik, I don't think is an objective observer when it comes to Peary.
布鲁斯·亨德森：虽然米尼克，但我认为在谈到皮里时他并不是一个客观的观察者。
And certainly he did have his issues with Peary, and I think he was embittered.
当然，他确实和皮里有矛盾，我认为他很痛苦。
At the same time, I think that Minik was reporting what he was hearing among Eskimos, and that was there was doubt that he had made it that far.
与此同时，我认为米尼克正在报道他在爱斯基摩人中听到的情况，人们怀疑他是否已经做到了这一点。
The rest of the world at that time was gathering around Peary and acknowledging him as the discoverer of the North Pole, and Minik's going, "well, wait a minute.
当时世界其他地方都聚集在皮里周围，承认他是北极的发现者，米尼克说：“好吧，等一下。
This might not have happened."
这可能不会发生。”
Narrator: As details about Peary's dash to the North Pole emerged, it became apparent that he would have had to travel across the ice at an unprecedented speed to reach the Pole when he claimed.
旁白：随着皮里冲向北极的细节浮出水面，很明显，当他声称自己到达北极时，他必须以前所未有的速度穿越冰面。
Peary continued to press his case.
皮里继续坚持他的观点。
He won the endorsement of the National Geographic Society, and eventually his well-connected supporters convinced Congress to certify that Peary had in fact reached the Pole first.
他赢得了国家地理学会的认可，最终他的人脉广泛的支持者说服国会证明皮里实际上已经首先到达了极地。
While Peary worked to secure his place in history, Minik continued trying to adapt to life in the Arctic.
当皮里努力确保自己在历史上的地位时，米尼克继续努力适应北极的生活。
He relearned his native language and lived with an Eskimo woman for a while, but they quarreled often and Minik again struck out on his own.
他重新学习了自己的母语，并与一名爱斯基摩妇女一起生活了一段时间，但他们经常争吵，米尼克再次开始了自己的生活。
His language skills enabled him to find work as an interpreter on American expeditions in the region.
他的语言技能使他能够在美国在该地区的探险中找到口译员的工作。
But gradually, he came to long for the life he had known in New York.
但渐渐地，他开始向往他在纽约所熟悉的生活。
In the fall of 1916, after seven years in his homeland, Minik left the Arctic and returned to America.
1916 年秋天，在祖国度过七年后，米尼克离开北极回到美国。
Confident the Polar controversy still captivated the public, he contacted the press, intending to sell the true story of the discovery of the North Pole.
他确信极地争议仍然吸引着公众，因此联系了媒体，打算推销发现北极的真实故事。
But Americans were preoccupied with a growing war in Europe and no longer interested who had made it to the Pole first.
但美国人全神贯注于欧洲愈演愈烈的战争，不再关心谁先到达了北极。
As he waited for offers that never came, Minik worked briefly in a machine shop, visited with old friends, and considered starting a trading business.
当他等待从未到来的报价时，米尼克在一家机械车间短暂工作过，拜访了老朋友，并考虑开始贸易业务。
He talked about returning to Greenland, but never acted on it.
他谈到要返回格陵兰岛，但从未付诸行动。
Instead, he applied for American citizenship.
相反，他申请了美国公民身份。
In the winter of 1917, Minik headed north to New Hampshire, where there was a demand for lumberjacks.
1917 年冬天，米尼克向北前往新罕布什尔州，那里需要伐木工。
Life in the lumberjack camp was hard and the conditions primitive.
伐木工营地的生活艰苦，条件简陋。
The timber was cut in winter so it could be sent downstream to sawmills in the spring.
木材在冬季被砍伐，以便在春季被送往下游锯木厂。
Minik was in New Hampshire a year before the flu epidemic that was sweeping the country reached the camps in October 1918.
1918 年 10 月，席卷全国的流感疫情蔓延到难民营，一年前米尼克就在新罕布什尔州。
Minik contracted the disease.
米尼克感染了这种疾病。
Seven days later, on October 29th, Minik died in the home of a friend.
7 天后，即 10 月 29 日，米尼克在朋友家中去世。
Ira Jacknis: The story of Minik is a tragedy where someone frankly becomes a stranger in both worlds, all of his worlds, his native world, his newfound world.
艾拉·杰克尼斯：米尼克的故事是一场悲剧，其中一个人坦率地成为两个世界的陌生人，他所有的世界，他的原生世界，他新发现的世界。
Raised as an Inuit, he comes to New York at an early age and finds himself an, an orphan ...
他作为因纽特人长大，很小的时候就来到纽约，发现自己是一个孤儿……
There's so much that he's uncomfortable with that's difficult for him in New York ...
有太多让他不舒服的事情，这对他在纽约来说很困难......
But he makes a go of it like many immigrants.
但他像许多移民一样努力奋斗。
He's trying to learn a new way of life, but it's not fulfilling him so he tries to go back, which many immigrants do.
他试图学习一种新的生活方式，但这并不能令他满足，所以他试图回去，就像许多移民所做的那样。
He goes back and tries to rebuild his traditional life and then that doesn't work out either because he's a different person, he's not an Inuit.
他回去并试图重建他的传统生活，但这也没有成功，因为他是一个不同的人，他不是因纽特人。
He has different ideas, different perspectives, different ways of looking at the world that he's gotten in New York.
他在纽约有不同的想法、不同的观点、不同的看待世界的方式。
He's caught between worlds.
他被困在两个世界之间。
He's not fully Inuit, he's not fully American, he's somewhere in between and those are very sad cases and I think Minik's life is somewhat of that story.
他不完全是因纽特人，也不完全是美国人，他介于两者之间，这些都是非常悲伤的案例，我认为米尼克的生活在某种程度上就是这样的故事。
Narrator: Within a few decades, the type of research that Franz Boas had conducted on Minik and his family transformed theories of cultural difference, discrediting 19th century concepts of a racial hierarchy.
旁白：几十年内，弗兰兹·博阿斯对米尼克及其家人进行的研究改变了文化差异理论，质疑了 19 世纪的种族等级观念。
Appointed to the faculty at Columbia University, Boas would come to be regarded as the founder of modern American anthropology.
博阿斯被任命为哥伦比亚大学教授后，被视为现代美国人类学的创始人。
Robert Peary died in 1920, at the age of sixty-three.
罗伯特·皮尔里 (Robert Peary) 于 1920 年去世，享年 63 岁。
Nearly fifty years after his death, the National Geographic Society re-examined Peary's records and concluded that most likely Peary had fabricated his claim to have reached the North Pole.
在他去世近五十年后，国家地理学会重新审查了皮里的记录并得出结论，皮里很可能捏造了他到达北极的说法。
The meteorites Peary brought back from Greenland and sold to the Museum of Natural History for $50,000 remain a popular exhibit.
皮尔里从格陵兰岛带回来并以 5 万美元的价格卖给自然历史博物馆的陨石仍然是受欢迎的展品。
In 1993, nearly a century after their deaths, the bones of Qisuk, Nuktaq, Atangana and Aviaq were taken back to Greenland by a representative from the Museum.
1993 年，在他们去世近一个世纪后，博物馆的一名代表将 Qisuk、Nuktaq、Atangana 和 Aviaq 的遗骨带回格陵兰岛。
Minik's body was not among them.
米尼克的尸体并不在其中。
He lies buried in a cemetery overlooking a stream in Pittsburg, New Hampshire.
他被埋葬在新罕布什尔州匹兹堡的一个墓地里，俯瞰着一条小溪。
View the location and plans of Byrd's advance base.
查看伯德先遣基地的位置和平面图。