McCarthy
Footage: camera equipment, crowds, participants arriving at hearings
镜头：摄像设备、人群、参加听证会的参与者
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Everywhere you turned—in the evening and morning newspapers, on television news, on radio news Joe McCarthy was the main story of the day.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），《连线》记者：无论你走到哪里——晚报和早报、电视新闻、广播新闻，乔·麦卡锡都是当天的主要新闻。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: Joe McCarthy was one figure who came along and turned anti-communism into something bigger and more dangerous than anyone else ever imagined.
萨姆·塔恩豪斯（Sam Tanenhaus），记者：乔·麦卡锡（Joe McCarthy）的出现将反共主义变成了比任何人想象的更大、更危险的事情。
He was the demagogue of American anti-communism.
他是美国反共主义的煽动者。
He wasn’t the inventor of it.
他不是它的发明者。
Joseph Senator Joseph McCarthy: One communist on the faculty of one university is one communist too many...
约瑟夫参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：一所大学教员中的一名共产主义者是太多的共产主义者......
Donald Ritichie, Senate Historian: McCarthy is a person who, for what he thought were the right reasons, did all the wrong things…
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里蒂奇：麦卡锡是一个出于他认为正确的原因却做了所有错误事情的人……
J oseph Senator Joseph McCarthy: Even if there were only one communist in the State Department that would still be one communist too many.
约瑟夫·参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：即使国务院只有一名共产党员，但仍然有一名共产党员太多。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: And really inflicted a great deal of pain and anguish on individuals but on the society as a whole.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：确实给个人以及整个社会带来了巨大的痛苦和痛苦。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: There are moments in American history when the country is afraid, when there is a threat that is hard to define, and it’s in those periods that demagogues arise.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali）：在美国历史上，有时会出现国家感到恐惧、面临难以界定的威胁的时刻，而煽动者正是在这些时期出现。
We don’t always show the best of ourselves when we’re afraid.
当我们害怕时，我们并不总是展现出最好的自己。
McCarthy tested the system and the institutions that should have stopped him, didn’t for a while.
麦卡锡测试了本应阻止他的系统和机构，但有一段时间没有这样做。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Answer that, yes or no, do you know this man?
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：回答这个问题，是或不是，你认识这个人吗？
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: McCarthyism represented a cyclical phenomenon in American life.
Jelani Cobb，记者：麦卡锡主义代表了美国生活中的一种周期性现象。
If we look at that dynamic, that has been connected to the junior senator from Wisconsin.
如果我们看看这种动态，就会发现这与来自威斯康星州的初级参议员有关。
It’s a dynamic that has a particular kind of resilience in American life and so there is a question as to whether the spirit that animated McCarthy and animated McCarthyism has ever really gone anywhere.
这是一种在美国生活中具有特殊弹性的动力，因此存在一个问题：激励麦卡锡和激励麦卡锡主义的精神是否真的消失了。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: Every Lincoln’s birthday, the Republican Party holds its special Lincoln Day dinners addressed by a major politician if they can get one.
历史学家艾伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker）：每年林肯生日，共和党都会举办特别的林肯日晚宴，如果有的话，会有一位主要政客致辞。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: As Republicans are celebrating in 1950, their big guns are being sent to Chicago and New York and Los Angeles.
大卫·奥辛斯基 (David Oshinsky)，《巨大阴谋》作者：当共和党人庆祝 1950 年时，他们的大炮正被派往芝加哥、纽约和洛杉矶。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: And you can get an idea of what Joe McCarthy’s status at that moment was that they sent him to the Women’s Republican Club in Wheeling, West Virginia.
Sam Tanenhaus，记者：你可以了解乔·麦卡锡当时的状况，他们把他送到了西弗吉尼亚州惠灵的妇女共和党俱乐部。
David Oshinsky, Historian: And no offense to Wheeling, West Virginia, the person who gets sent there to talk is the person at the bottom of the totem pole.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：无意冒犯西弗吉尼亚州惠灵市，被派到那里谈话的人是处于图腾柱底部的人。
Joe McCarthy’s Senate career from 1946 until 1950 is one of repeated failure.
乔·麦卡锡 (Joe McCarthy) 从 1946 年到 1950 年的参议员生涯是一次屡屡失败的经历。
No one is expecting him to win reelection.
没有人期望他赢得连任。
So, what is most extraordinary here is that the most important speech in some ways of that generation is given in a place where there is a sense by the people who sent him there that nobody really cares what he has to say or is going to listen very hard.
所以，这里最不寻常的是，从某些方面来说，那一代人最重要的演讲是在一个地方发表的，派他去那里的人有一种感觉，没有人真正关心他要说什么，也没有人会认真倾听。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: The expectation was that McCarthy was going to give a standard boilerplate speech that you give to, you know, a Republican constituency.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：人们期望麦卡锡将向共和党选区发表标准的样板演讲。
In Wheeling West Virginia, they really weren’t sending him there to make headlines.
在西弗吉尼亚州惠灵，他们派他去那里真的不是为了成为头条新闻。
He comes out and says that there are 205 communists in the State Department.
他出来说国务院有 205 名共产党员。
That’s electrifying.
这太令人兴奋了。
It’s so electrifying that people are almost distracted from the question of who these communists are, whether they actually exist, why does McCarthy know this and other people don’t.
它是如此令人震惊，以至于人们几乎分散了对这些共产主义者是谁、他们是否真的存在、为什么麦卡锡知道这一点而其他人不知道的问题的注意力。
David Oshinsky, Historian:: It’s, in a way, a kind of brilliant speech.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：从某种程度上来说，这是一次精彩的演讲。
We are the most powerful country in the world.
我们是世界上最强大的国家。
We are the most influential country in the world.
我们是世界上最有影响力的国家。
And yet we’re losing everywhere.
然而我们到处都在失败。
We are losing in Asia.
我们在亚洲正在失败。
We are losing in Europe.
我们在欧洲正在失败。
We are losing technologically now to the Soviets.
我们现在在技术上输给了苏联。
How do we explain this?
我们如何解释这一点？
And what McCarthy does in Wheeling is to explain it by waving a list, saying, “We are being sold out by traitors.”
麦卡锡在《惠灵》中所做的就是挥舞着一份清单来解释这一点，他说：“我们被叛徒出卖了。”
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: Joe McCarthy is travelling through the United States on his Lincoln Day tour and reporters keep coming up to him, saying, “Joe, do you really have the numbers?
记者 Sam Tanenhaus：乔·麦卡锡 (Joe McCarthy) 正在美国进行林肯日之旅，记者们不断地向他走来，问道：“乔，你真的有这些数字吗？
Are there really that many communists?” And Joe would say, “Well, you know, let me go through my papers.
真的有那么多共产党员吗？”乔会说：“好吧，你知道，让我检查一下我的文件。
I think we've got some names for you.” He realized he had a thing going.
我想我们已经为你准备了一些名字。”他意识到他有事情发生。
He’d found his shtick at last.
他终于找到了自己的伎俩。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: And he called back to his office and he asked his secretary, “Are we getting any publicity?” And she said, “We’re getting a lot of publicity.” His secretary described him as being almost intoxicated with the joy and excitement of getting this much attention for a story.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie）：他打电话回办公室，问他的秘书：“我们有得到任何宣传吗？”她说：“我们得到了很多宣传。”他的秘书形容他几乎陶醉在因一个故事而受到如此多关注的喜悦和兴奋之中。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What is really interesting about Wheeling is that it takes a while for it to sink in.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：关于惠灵的真正有趣之处在于，人们需要一段时间才能理解它。
Once the attention starts to mount, the public really began to sort of link on to the fact that, “Oh, my God, this guy has done his research.
一旦注意力开始增加，公众就真正开始意识到这样一个事实：“哦，天哪，这家伙已经完成了他的研究。
This guy has names.
这家伙有名字。
This guy has numbers.
这家伙有号码。
He has really gone in and scrupulously looked for information.
他真的进去了，认真的查找资料。
He’s doing research.” McCarthy had no list in his hand.
他正在做研究。”麦卡锡手里没有清单。
He had nothing in his hand.
他手里什么也没有。
It was a fraud.
这是一场骗局。
Senator Joseph Senator Joseph McCarthy: I often think of the days I spent back on the farm.
参议员约瑟夫 参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我经常想起我回到农场的日子。
As a small boy I had three brothers.
当我还是个小男孩时，我有三个兄弟。
My mother used to raise chickens to help pay the grocery bills and get her Christmas money.
我母亲过去常常养鸡来支付杂货账单并获得圣诞钱。
And one of the jobs I had with my three brothers was to go down into the swamps and dig out the skunks that used to come up and kill her baby chickens.
我和三个兄弟的工作之一就是深入沼泽地挖出臭鼬，这些臭鼬过去常常出现并杀死她的小鸡。
You learn early in life that you don’t go skunk hunting with striped trousers, a silk handkerchief, and a top hat.
你从小就知道，去捕臭鼬时不能穿着条纹裤、丝手帕和高顶礼帽。
You just can’t do it.
你就是做不到。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: Joseph McCarthy was born on November 14th 1908 outside Appleton, Wisconsin.
埃伦·施雷克 (Ellen Schrecker)，历史学家：约瑟夫·麦卡锡 (Joseph McCarthy) 1908 年 11 月 14 日出生于威斯康星州阿普尔顿郊外。
He came from a real working class farm family.
他来自一个真正的工人阶级农场家庭。
He is this tough guy who pulled himself up completely on his own.
他是一个完全靠自己站起来的硬汉。
Dolly Plesser, Cousin: His farm was about a mile and a half from my father’s farm.
多莉·普莱瑟（Dolly Plesser），表弟：他的农场距离我父亲的农场大约一英里半。
What was raised on the farm was mostly milk cows.
农场里饲养的主要是奶牛。
He had a very good mind and when he got set on something, he went through it and he worked hard at what he was doing.
他有一个非常好的头脑，当他决定做某件事时，他就会去完成它，并为他正在做的事情努力工作。
Dolly Plesser, Cousin: He graduated from high school in one year.
多莉·普莱瑟（Dolly Plesser），表弟：一年后他就高中毕业了。
And after that, I guess there was no stopping him.
在那之后，我想就没有人能阻止他了。
His family, I think, were very proud of him and the other boys were kind of left in the shadows after Joe started out like that.
我认为，他的家人为他感到非常自豪，而在乔那样开始之后，其他男孩都被留在了阴影中。
Dolly Plesser, Cousin: When he was going to Marquette, Dad took him up to the barn, and taught him how to box because he was an Irish boy and he should know how to handle himself, as my father would have said.
多莉·普莱瑟（Dolly Plesser），表弟：当他要去马凯特时，爸爸带他去了谷仓，教他如何拳击，因为他是一个爱尔兰男孩，他应该知道如何控制自己，正如我父亲所说的那样。
When he did go to Marquette, he was good enough that he was given a little extra money to be the boxing coach.
当他去马凯特大学时，他表现得足够好，因此获得了一点额外的钱来担任拳击教练。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Joe McCarthy did not have the money for tuition.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：乔·麦卡锡没有钱交学费。
So he had to take all kinds of odd jobs.
于是他不得不打各种零工。
And among the things he did as well was that he played what I would call professional poker.
他所做的事情之一就是他玩我所说的职业扑克。
And this high stakes poker actually was successful enough to kind of help keep him at Marquette, allow him to move on to law school.
这场高风险的扑克实际上非常成功，足以帮助他留在马凯特大学，让他继续进入法学院。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: After Marquette University, he goes into private practice.
埃伦·施雷克 (Ellen Schrecker)，历史学家：从马凯特大学毕业后，他进入私人诊所。
It’s the Great Depression and partly for that reason he doesn’t have many clients.
当时正值大萧条，部分原因是他的客户不多。
He’s been out of law school, maybe three or four years, very little experience, and then wants to go become a judge.
他从法学院毕业，大概三四年了，经验很少，然后想成为一名法官。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Young Joe McCarthy was actually a Democrat.
大卫·奥辛斯基，历史学家：年轻的乔·麦卡锡实际上是一名民主党人。
He was going to run against a Republican incumbent, someone who had been in power, in office much longer—Judge Werner.
他将与一位共和党现任议员——维尔纳法官——掌权、执政时间更长的人——进行竞选。
This is a man who had been in this office for a very, very long time and was seen as a kind of institution.
这个人在这个办公室待了很长时间，被视为一种机构。
McCarthy viewed him as vulnerable.
麦卡锡认为他很脆弱。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: Here was a guy who got into his automobile and went from farm to farm to farm, introducing himself.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大阴谋》作者：有一个人钻进他的汽车，从一个农场到另一个农场，介绍自己。
Joe McCarthy basically personally talked to every constituent in that district.
乔·麦卡锡基本上亲自与该选区的每一位选民进行了交谈。
And that kind of, what we might call retail politics, is very, very important.
这种，我们可以称之为零售政治，是非常非常重要的。
Werner was beyond this.
维尔纳超越了这一点。
In the end, McCarthy does pull off the upset.
最终，麦卡锡确实打破了常规。
David Oshinsky, Historian: There are two versions of McCarthy as a judge.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：麦卡锡作为法官有两个版本。
One is that he was a corner-cutter, that he gave out divorces too easily.
一是他是一个偷工减料的人，他太轻易地离婚了。
The other is that he was a judge who basically cleared the docket in ways that Werner never had.
另一个原因是，他是一位基本上以维尔纳从未有过的方式清理案卷的法官。
One guy described it as Joe just sort of opened the windows and let in fresh air.
一个人形容乔只是打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。
He was all piss and vinegar.
他浑身都是尿和醋。
What Joe McCarthy offered was a kind of new, invigorating sense that people are going to come in here and they’re going to get their justice quickly.
乔·麦卡锡提供的是一种新的、令人振奋的感觉，人们将来到这里，他们将很快得到正义。
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt: This nation is asking for action and action now.
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统：这个国家要求立即采取行动。
A host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return.
大量失业公民面临着严峻的生存问题，同样大量的人劳作却收效甚微。
Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.
我们最重要的首要任务是让人们工作。
Beverly Gage, Historian: The Great Depression was an existential crisis for a lot of Americans.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：大萧条对许多美国人来说是一场生存危机。
It seemed to indicate, in fact, that capitalism was done for and something else was going to have to rise from its ashes.
事实上，这似乎表明资本主义已经完蛋了，其他的东西必须从它的灰烬中崛起。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: With the staggering economic despair that people find themselves in and an unemployment rate that is 25% nationally— with African-Americans that unemployment rate is closer to 50%—the Marxist critique of the capitalist economy seems to make more sense in the 1930s than it did a decade earlier.
Jelani Cobb，记者：人们发现自己陷入了令人震惊的经济绝望之中，全国失业率高达 25%（非裔美国人的失业率接近 50%），马克思主义对资本主义经济的批判似乎在 1930 年代比 10 年前更有意义。
Singer of Communist Anthem: Arise, you prisoners of starvation!
共产主义国歌歌手：起来吧，你们这些饥饿的囚犯！
Arise, you wretched of the earth!
起来吧，地球上的可怜虫！
For justice thunders…
为了正义的雷霆……
Beverly Gage, Historian: For many Americans, it seemed that communism had a solution to the economic crisis.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：对于许多美国人来说，共产主义似乎可以解决经济危机。
Beverly Gage, Historian: Some people are drawn to the Communist Party because they like the ideological battle.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：有些人被共产党所吸引，因为他们喜欢意识形态之争。
Other people are drawn to it because they see communists working very hard as labor organizers.
其他人之所以被它吸引，是因为他们看到共产党人作为劳工组织者非常努力。
Other people are draw to it around civil rights.
其他人则因公民权利而被它吸引。
And so, you actually have a very, very broad spectrum of people, who are coming at it from a kind of interest in reforming American society.
因此，实际上有非常非常广泛的人，他们出于对改革美国社会的某种兴趣而参与其中。
Leon Kamin: : I was quite young and I was influenced by a group of very young eager, leftwing students and I spent a lot of time with them.
Leon Kamin：我当时很年轻，受到一群非常年轻、热切的左翼学生的影响，我花了很多时间和他们在一起。
As it turned out, I didn’t recognize it at the time, but most of them were members of the Communist Party.
事实证明，我当时并不认识，但他们大多数都是共产党员。
Leon Kamin: The answer sounds goody-goody.
Leon Kamin：这个答案听起来不错。
You know, you wanted a better society, a more just society.
你知道，你想要一个更好的社会，一个更公正的社会。
I remember in college, YCL was the Young Communist League.
我记得大学时，YCL是共产主义青年团。
And their recruiting motto, which was a good one, was, “For a life with a purpose, join YCL.”
他们的招聘座右铭很好，那就是“为了有目标的生活，加入 YCL”。
Beverly Gage, Historian: As an institution, the Communist Party is taking a lot of money from the Soviet Union throughout the ’20s and ’30s, and in fact many communists really deeply believed that their primary commitment is actually to the Soviet government and to Stalin himself.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：作为一个机构，共产党在整个 20 世纪 20 年代和 30 年代从苏联拿走了很多钱，事实上，许多共产党人深深地相信，他们的主要承诺实际上是对苏联政府和斯大林本人的。
Communist speechmaker: …
共产主义演讲者：……
and to defend the Soviet Union.
并保卫苏联。
Leon Kamin: There was a line and you subscribed to the line.
Leon Kamin：有一条线路，您订阅了该线路。
If you didn’t, you were welcome to withdraw, but criticism was not invited or listened to.
如果不这样做，欢迎你退出，但不邀请或听取批评。
You accepted the line or you quit.
你要么接受这条线，要么退出。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: Fear of Soviet penetration of the United States government in the late 1930s and World War II is based on fact.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：对 1930 年代末和第二次世界大战期间苏联渗透美国政府的恐惧是有事实依据的。
It existed.
它存在。
The Soviets had informants in the White House, in the Treasury Department, in the State Department, in the Office of Strategic Services.
苏联在白宫、财政部、国务院、战略服务办公室都有线人。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: : No one knows exactly how many members there were.
Sam Tanenhaus，记者：没有人确切知道有多少成员。
The best estimate was something like 75, people in the government, who were active agents.
最准确的估计是大约 75 名政府人员，他们都是活跃的特工。
And you ask yourself, “Is that a few or is it a lot?” And the answer is, “It depends who they are and what they’re doing.”
然后你问自己：“是很少还是很多？”答案是：“这取决于他们是谁以及他们在做什么。”
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Roosevelt: Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy.
夏威夷珍珠港：罗斯福：昨天，1941 年 12 月 7 日，这一天将成为臭名昭著的日子。
The United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
美利坚合众国突然遭到日本帝国海军和空军的蓄意攻击。
David Oshinsky, Historian: After Pearl Harbor, McCarthy joined the marines.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：珍珠港事件后，麦卡锡加入了海军陆战队。
He didn’t have to do so.
他不必这样做。
Judges were exempt.
法官除外。
Why would Joe McCarthy do this?
乔·麦卡锡为什么要这么做？
And the reason is quite simple.
原因很简单。
McCarthy saw military service as a way to the political future.
麦卡锡认为服兵役是通往政治未来的一种方式。
As his best friend, Urban Van Susteren told him: “Look, Joe, if you have got to be a hero to be a politician join the marines.” McCarthy’s job was to debrief pilots who came back from bombing runs over Japanese held territory.
他最好的朋友厄本·范·苏斯特伦 (Urban Van Susteren) 告诉他：“瞧，乔，如果你必须成为英雄才能成为政治家，就加入海军陆战队吧。”麦卡锡的工作是向在日本控制的领土上空进行轰炸后返回的飞行员汇报情况。
By all accounts, he did his job very well.
从各方面来看，他的工作做得很好。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I was what they referred to as a marine combat intelligence officer.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我就是他们所说的海军陆战队情报官员。
That meant you did about everything, including procuring food for the Navy.
这意味着你可以做所有事情，包括为海军采购食物。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: What McCarthy did was turn himself into a tail-gunner.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大阴谋》作者：麦卡锡所做的就是把自己变成了一名尾炮手。
He would ask fighter pilots and bomber pilots to take him up into the back of the aircraft where the machine gun was and Joe would fire bullets endlessly.
他会要求战斗机飞行员和轰炸机飞行员带他到机枪所在的飞机后部，乔会无休止地发射子弹。
And he actually did set a record of firing, I think, the most machine gun bullets in one day in the history of the Pacific Theater.
我认为他确实创造了太平洋战区历史上一天内发射机枪子弹最多的记录。
The problem was that none of them was fired in battle.
问题是他们都没有在战斗中被解雇。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Yes I got a very interesting mahogany plaque when I left, which was inscribed to, “Father Mac who destroyed more coconut tress and less Japs than any man in the Pacific.”
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：是的，我离开时得到了一块非常有趣的桃花心木牌匾，上面刻着“麦克神父，他比太平洋上任何人都毁掉了更多的椰子树和更少的日本人”。
Radio Host: How about this “Father Mac?” Uh was that the nickname the boys tagged you with?
电台主持人：这个“Mac 神父”怎么样？呃，这就是男孩们给你起的绰号吗？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: : Well I was sort of the old man of the squadron.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我是中队的老人。
I was 33 years old and most of the boys were 21, 22.
我当时 33 岁，大多数男孩都是 21、22 岁。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: He claims to have been wounded in the war.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：他声称在战争中受伤。
What happened to him was he fell off a ladder during a celebration that commemorates the crossing of the equator.
他的遭遇是在庆祝穿越赤道的庆祝活动中从梯子上摔下来。
Once he gets into political life, he talks about his leg being full of shrapnel.
一旦他进入政治生活，他就说他的腿上布满了弹片。
He walks with a limp sometimes.
他有时走路一瘸一拐的。
This is all completely made up.
这完全是编出来的。
Narrator: The greatest news story of all time—the final unconditional surrender with the whole world waiting to celebrate.
旁白：有史以来最伟大的新闻故事——最终无条件投降，全世界都在等待庆祝。
Thus did VJ day go into history.
胜利日就这样载入史册。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Joe McCarthy becomes a Republican when he comes back after World War II.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：乔·麦卡锡（Joe McCarthy）在二战后回归后成为一名共和党人。
The New Deal is really beginning to fade.
新政确实开始消退。
And it’s clear that the Republican Party seems to be not only the party of the future, but the party of the veterans.
很明显，共和党似乎不仅是未来的政党，而且是退伍军人的政党。
Beverly Gage, Historian: : 1946 is one of these pivotal midterm elections.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇 (Beverly Gage)：：1946 年是关键的中期选举之一。
The Democrats have really dominated American politics for most of the 1930s and the 1940s.
在 20 世纪 30 年代和 1940 年代的大部分时间里，民主党确实主导了美国政治。
The Republicans are saying, “The Democrats are going to be soft on communism.
共和党人说：“民主党将对共产主义态度软弱。
They’re going to be soft on the Soviet Union.
他们将对苏联态度软弱。
We’re the people that you can trust actually to make this fight in the world.”
我们是您可以真正信任的人，可以在世界上进行这场战斗。”
David Oshinsky, Historian: Mccarthy sets his sights on a Senate seat held by a very popular Republican, a progressive Republican, Robert La Follette, Jr., the son of the great Robert La Follette, who ran for president in the 1920s.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：麦卡锡将目光投向了一位非常受欢迎的共和党人、进步派共和党人小罗伯特·拉福莱特 (Robert La Follette, Jr.) 所占据的参议院席位，他是 1920 年代竞选总统的伟大罗伯特·拉福莱特 (Robert La Follette) 的儿子。
If you’re going to run for political office, the one person you don’t want to run against is Bob La Follette.
如果你要竞选政治职务，你不想与鲍勃·拉福莱特（Bob La Follette）竞争。
But McCarthy realizes that, “I am a young Marine with a war record, running against someone who has been spending too many days in Washington.”
但麦卡锡意识到，“我是一名有战争记录的年轻海军陆战队员，与一个在华盛顿呆了太多天的人竞争。”
Cody Splitt, Mccarthy Campaign Volunteer: Well, for one thing about La Follette, he wasn’t making a big hard fight for it.
麦卡锡竞选志愿者科迪·斯普利特：嗯，关于拉福莱特，他并没有为此进行一场艰苦的斗争。
He stayed in Washington.
他留在了华盛顿。
He only came out there about one time that any of us could ever remember.
在我们的记忆中，他只出现过一次。
Cody Splitt, Mccarthy Campaign Volunteer: Joe never stopped campaigning and he drove everywhere and picked up people that were active in the politics and took them with him to the next place.
科迪·斯普利特（Cody Splitt），麦卡锡竞选志愿者：乔从未停止竞选活动，他开车到处走走，接载活跃于政界的人，并带他们去下一个地方。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: The twelve odd million men who were removed from civilian life during the war are returning to find that what was a democracy has degenerated into a stifling, smothering bureaucracy.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：在战争期间离开平民生活的十二百万人回来后发现，民主国家已经退化为令人窒息的官僚机构。
Since VJ Day, there have been added to this bureaucratic octopus a total of over 300,000 workers.
自胜利日以来，这只官僚章鱼中总共增加了超过30万工人。
There is only one way of destroying this government by bureaucracy.
通过官僚主义摧毁这个政府只有一种方法。
And that is to clean out that administration from the very top to the very bottom so that you can plunge a knife into the heart of this tentacle monster.
那就是从上到下清理掉那个行政部门，这样你就可以把刀插进这个触手怪物的心脏了。
Dolly Plesser, Cousin: He would get the high school girls, which I was one of, and we would just take the telephone book and rip a page out.
多莉·普莱瑟（Dolly Plesser），表弟：他会找高中女生，我就是其中之一，我们就拿电话簿，撕下一页。
And then, we wrote a card just telling them Joe would appreciate his vote.
然后，我们写了一张卡片，告诉他们乔会感谢他的投票。
Ever so many people said that that was why they voted for him was the thoughtfulness that he came to see ’em or to write the note to him.
很多人说，这就是他们投票给他的原因，因为他来看望他们或给他写纸条的体贴。
Cody Splitt, Mccarthy Campaign Volunteer: Everybody was asking all over America how Joe McCarthy could have beaten the great Robert La Follette, Jr. It was a very brave, and crazy, courageous thing to do and Joe did it.
科迪·斯普利特，麦卡锡竞选志愿者：全美国的每个人都在问乔·麦卡锡如何才能击败伟大的罗伯特·拉福莱特，小罗伯特·拉福莱特。这是一件非常勇敢、疯狂、勇敢的事情，而乔做到了。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What McCarthy’s victory sort of shows is that everyone is fair game.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：麦卡锡的胜利表明，每个人都是公平的游戏。
I mean, if you can knock off a La Follette, you really have a kind of winning formula.
我的意思是，如果你能打败拉福莱特，你就真的拥有了一种获胜秘诀。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The election itself, when McCarthy runs against a Democrat in a largely Republican state, that’s a foregone conclusion.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：选举本身，当麦卡锡在一个主要是共和党的州与民主党竞选时，这已成定局。
He’s going to win.
他会赢的。
Narrator: The whole nation is voting and the Truman administration and the Democratic Party lose this battle of ballots.
旁白：全国都在投票，杜鲁门政府和民主党输掉了这场选票战。
The victorious Republicans win control of both branches of Congress—Senate and House.
获胜的共和党人赢得了国会两个分支——参议院和众议院的控制权。
President Harry S.
总统哈里·S.
Truman: I shall cooperate in every proper manner with members of the Congress.
杜鲁门：我将以一切适当的方式与国会议员合作。
And my hope and prayer is that this spirit of cooperation will be reciprocated.
我希望并祈祷这种合作精神能够得到回报。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Joe McCarthy arrived in town and held a press conference on his first day there.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：乔·麦卡锡抵达该镇并在第一天举行了新闻发布会。
He had nothing to announce, but he just wanted the reporters to pay attention to him.
他没有什么要宣布的，只是想让记者关注他。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Joe McCarthy basically is there to make a name for himself.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：乔·麦卡锡基本上是为了让自己出名。
What is really striking about him is his willingness not only to take on senior Republicans and Democrats, but to go against all of the senatorial courtesies that have made the body what it is.
他真正令人印象深刻的是，他不仅愿意与共和党和民主党的资深人士较量，而且还违背了参议院的所有礼节，正是这些礼节造就了这个机构。
He is not there to play by their rules.
他不在那里遵守他们的规则。
Beverly Gage, Historian: He makes a lot of the fact that he is a kind of rough and tumble farm boy from the Midwest, that he comes from very humble beginnings.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），历史学家：他大肆宣扬自己是一位来自中西部的粗暴农场男孩，出身卑微。
Senator Joseph Mccarthy: Thank you, fellow Americans.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：谢谢美国同胞们。
I certainly am more than happy to be out here at night, away from Washington for at least one day and back in the United States.
我当然非常高兴能在晚上离开华盛顿至少一天并返回美国。
Beverly Gage, Historian: During McCarthy’s early years in politics, the cold war has really settled in.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：在麦卡锡从政的早年，冷战确实已经到来。
The Soviet Union, its moves into Eastern Europe.
苏联向东欧进军。
It really looks as if potentially a worse form of totalitarianism is taking over the world.
看起来确实有可能一种更糟糕的极权主义形式正在占领世界。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: One nation after another seems to fall under communist influence in Eastern and Central Europe.
Sam Tanenhaus，记者：东欧和中欧的一个又一个国家似乎都受到共产主义的影响。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: The Soviet Forces clamped down on freedom of speech and freedom of religion in Eastern Europe.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：苏联军队压制东欧的言论自由和宗教自由。
You didn’t need an intelligence service to know this.
你不需要情报部门就能知道这一点。
You could read about it in the newspapers.
你可以在报纸上读到这件事。
David Oshinsky, Historian: How did we allow this to happen?
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：我们怎么会允许这种情况发生？
How have we allowed the Soviet Union to become so expansive and so powerful?
我们如何允许苏联变得如此扩张和强大？
There was a sense that the Democratic Party had not done enough to combat the Soviet Union.
人们有一种感觉，民主党在对抗苏联方面做得还不够。
It had not stood up to Soviet expansion.
它无法抵御苏联的扩张。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: As far back as the 1930s, some in Congress had already been accusing the Roosevelt administration and the New Deal of being filled with communists.
Sam Tanenhaus，记者：早在 20 世纪 30 年代，国会中的一些人就已经指责罗斯福政府和新政中充满了共产主义者。
That’s when the House committee on Un-American Activities was formed.
就在那时，众议院非美活动委员会成立了。
Narration: The growing menace of Communism arouses the House of Representatives un-American Activities Committee.
旁白：共产主义日益增长的威胁引起了众议院非美活动委员会的注意。
Among the well-informed witnesses testifying is J.
J.是出庭作证的消息灵通的证人之一。
Edgar Hoover, head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
埃德加·胡佛，联邦调查局局长。
Mr. Hoover speaks with authority on the subject.
胡佛先生在这个问题上的发言很有权威。
Hoover: The Communist Party of the United States is a fifth column, if there ever was one.
胡佛：美国共产党是第五纵队（如果有的话）。
Their goal is the overthrow of our government.
他们的目标是推翻我们的政府。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: : In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee—HUAC—goes after Hollywood because the congressional Committee has realized quite quickly that attacking high-profile people is really a great way to get publicity.
托马斯·多尔蒂（Thomas Doherty），媒体史学家：1947 年，众议院非美活动委员会（HUAC）开始追击好莱坞，因为国会委员会很快意识到，攻击知名人士确实是获得公众关注的好方法。
J.
J。
Parnell Thomas, Huac Chairman: Are you a member of the Communist Party?
帕内尔·托马斯 (Parnell Thomas)，Huac 主席：您是共产党员吗？
Or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?
或者你曾经是共产党员吗？
John Howard Lawson, Hollywood Screenwriter: It’s unfortunate and tragic that I have to teach this committee the basic principles…
约翰·霍华德·劳森，好莱坞编剧：我必须向这个委员会传授基本原则，这是不幸和悲惨的……
HUAC Committee: That’s not the question, that’s not the question.
HUAC 委员会：这不是问题，这不是问题。
The question is have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?
问题是你曾经是共产党员吗？
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: The 1947 hearings are a success for the House Un-American Activities Committee because they get what they want, which is, they get Hollywood to blacklist communist writers.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：1947 年的听证会对于众议院非美活动委员会来说是一次成功，因为他们得到了他们想要的东西，那就是，他们让好莱坞将共产主义作家列入黑名单。
David Oshinsky, Historian: It was the worst imaginable kind of hearing.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：这是可以想象到的最糟糕的听力。
There is no defense for what HUAC did.
HUAC 的所作所为无可辩解。
The screenwriters had First Amendment freedoms that were simply stomped upon and they paid a very, very high price for their political beliefs.
编剧们享有第一修正案的自由，但这些自由却被践踏，他们为自己的政治信仰付出了非常非常高的代价。
We’re America.
我们是美国。
People have a right to their opinions.
人们有权发表自己的意见。
Beverly Gage, Historian: By 1948 and 1949, you’re beginning to see a series of congressional hearings around espionage charges.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：到了 1948 年和 1949 年，你开始看到一系列围绕间谍指控的国会听证会。
The most famous of these is the Alger Hiss case.
其中最著名的是阿尔杰·希斯案。
Alger Hiss was one of the kind of shining boys of the New Deal.
阿尔杰·希斯是新政时期最耀眼的男孩之一。
He had been Ivy-League-educated.
他接受过常春藤盟校教育。
He was this very elegant, well-spoken, thoughtful man who had risen through the State Department, who was a deep insider, and then, in 1948, comes the accusation that he is actually a secret communist and a Soviet spy.
他是一位非常优雅、谈吐得体、深思熟虑的人，从国务院晋升，是一位深入的内部人士，然后，在 1948 年，有人指控他实际上是一名秘密共产主义者和苏联间谍。
Narrator: “Who’s the Liar?” might well be the title of the drama, which unfolds before a packed caucus room where the House Un-American Affairs Committee members swear in Alger Hiss, former State Department executive.
旁白：“谁是骗子？”这很可能是该剧的标题，该剧在挤满人的核心会议室前展开，众议院非美事务委员会成员用前国务院行政长官阿尔杰·希斯宣誓就职。
Mr. Hiss is accused of being a former communist and before news cameras faces his accuser.
希斯先生被指控为前共产党员，并在新闻摄像机前面对他的原告。
Alger Hiss: I welcome the opportunity to answer to the best of my ability any inquiries the members of this committee may wish to ask me.
阿尔杰·希斯：我很高兴有机会尽我所能回答本委员会成员提出的任何问题。
I am not and never have been a member of the Communist Party.
我现在不是、也从来不是共产党员。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Hiss’s real crime was espionage, but he was found guilty of perjury, because the statute of limitations on espionage had expired.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：希斯的真正罪行是间谍活动，但他被判作伪证罪，因为间谍活动的时效已过。
A major State Department figure has just been sent to jail.
国务院一名重要人物刚刚被送进监狱。
There’s a sense of enormous vulnerability.
有一种巨大的脆弱感。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Harry Truman signed an executive order setting up loyalty boards in the government as a way of trying to make sure that there were no spies.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：哈里·杜鲁门签署了一项行政命令，在政府中设立忠诚委员会，以确保没有间谍。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: How did the loyalty board work?
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：忠诚度委员会是如何运作的？
They said to the FBI, “Do you have anything about these people, these civil servants in your files?” If the FBI had what was called derogatory information, then the FBI would then do a real investigation of that person.
他们对联邦调查局说：“你的档案里有关于这些人、这些公务员的任何信息吗？”如果联邦调查局掌握了所谓的负面信息，那么联邦调查局就会对该人进行真正的调查。
Now, what’s derogatory information?
现在，什么是贬义信息？
It could be being friends with someone who is a communist or friends with someone who is thought to be a member of a front organization of the Communist Party of the United States.
可能是与共产党员交朋友，也可能与被认为是美国共产党幌子公司成员的人交朋友。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: When you see the Truman administration enact the loyalty oath program, it’s as a defensive measure.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：当你看到杜鲁门政府颁布忠诚宣誓计划时，这是一种防御措施。
Are people really concerned that the people working for the post office are secretly going to meetings of the Communist Party at night?
人们真的担心邮局工作人员晚上偷偷去参加共产党的会议吗？
Not really.
并不真地。
But politically speaking, it’s something that Truman envisions as a kind of bulwark against the allegation that he has been soft on communism.
但从政治上来说，杜鲁门将其视为一种抵御他对共产主义态度软弱的指控的堡垒。
Beverly Gage, Historian: During his early years in politics and there’s nothing really to suggest that McCarthy is deeply committed to any particular set of political ideas in the way that we would think he would become.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），历史学家：在他从政的早年，没有任何迹象表明麦卡锡像我们想象的那样坚定地致力于任何特定的政治理念。
David Oshinsky, Historian: VO: Until about 1950, McCarthy said next to nothing about communism.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基 (David Oshinsky)： 画外音：直到 1950 年左右，麦卡锡几乎没有谈到共产主义。
The heavy lifting in these years was done by the House Un-American Activities Committee and you have to understand that was a House committee and McCarthy was a United States senator.
这些年来的繁重工作是由众议院非美活动委员会完成的，你必须明白那是一个众议院委员会，而麦卡锡是一名美国参议员。
David Oshinsky, Historian: VO Away from the Senate, Joe lived the bachelor life.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：画外音 远离参议院，乔过着单身汉生活。
He likes to gamble, he likes to party.
他喜欢赌博，他喜欢聚会。
He was always a heavy drinker.
他总是酗酒。
He likes to live as well as he can and he is willing to take loans from lobbyists who want certain things.
他喜欢尽其所能地生活，并且愿意从想要某些东西的说客那里获得贷款。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The soft drink companies needed to end rationing to get enough sugar to produce the product they wanted to produce.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：软饮料公司需要结束配给，以获得足够的糖来生产他们想要生产的产品。
Narrator: Demand for sugar is now actually larger than it was during the war.
旁白：现在对糖的需求实际上比战争期间更大。
But the world’s supply is still far behind the demand.
但全球供应仍远远落后于需求。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Pepsi is looking for a senator who will lie quite boldly in saying that there is no shortage of sugar in the United States.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：百事可乐正在寻找一位能够大胆撒谎说美国不缺糖的参议员。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Joe McCarthy stood out as someone who was willing to do their dirty work.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：乔·麦卡锡（Joe McCarthy）是一位愿意做肮脏工作的人。
And McCarthy simply lied.
麦卡锡只是撒了谎。
And his fellow senators nailed him on this.
他的参议员同僚们也指出了这一点。
And what happens very early on is that he tends to offend senior members of both parties and he’s punished.
很早就发生的事情是，他倾向于冒犯两党的高级成员，并受到惩罚。
He’s given the worst imaginable committee assignments.
他被分配了最糟糕的委员会任务。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: He was really worried about his chances of running for re-election in 1952.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：他真的很担心自己在 1952 年竞选连任的机会。
He wanted to find something that would really draw attention.
他想找到一些真正能引起人们注意的东西。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: What McCarthy did was to take the substance of a quite lengthy speech Congressman Richard Nixon, the prosecutor of Alger Hiss, had given on the floor of Congress and boil it down into an accusation against the Truman administration.
萨姆·塔恩豪斯（Sam Tanenhaus），记者：麦卡锡所做的就是将阿尔杰·希斯的检察官、众议员理查德·尼克松在国会发表的相当长的演讲的实质内容归结为对杜鲁门政府的指控。
That essentially what he said was, “All right, we've got one Alger Hiss, imagine how many others must be there.”
他所说的本质上是，“好吧，我们已经有了一个阿尔杰·希斯，想象一下那里还有多少其他人。”
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: And McCarthy went off to Wheeling and gave the speech.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡前往惠灵发表了演讲。
And a local Associated Press reporter covered it.
当地美联社记者对此进行了报道。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: Imagine yourself as a newspaper-reading American in early 1950.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：想象一下自己是 1950 年初看报纸的美国人。
What’s just been happening around the world and at home?
世界各地和国内刚刚发生了什么？
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: : The Soviets have detonated their first atomic bomb.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：：苏联引爆了他们的第一颗原子弹。
The United States has lost its nuclear monopoly.
美国已经失去了核垄断地位。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: The Chinese Revolution ended and the most populous country in the world is now under a communist dictator, Mao Zedong.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：中国革命结束了，世界上人口最多的国家现在处于共产主义独裁者毛泽东的统治之下。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: At home, Alger Hiss, the epitome of the American establishment has just been convicted for perjury.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：在国内，美国建制派的缩影阿尔杰·希斯刚刚因伪证罪被定罪。
It looks like people that look and sound like the famous sort of northeastern establishment are Soviet agents.
看起来那些看起来和听起来都像著名的东北机构的人都是苏联特工。
Where’s the world going?
世界将走向何方？
I mean if Alger Hiss is a Soviet agent, well, Harry Truman could be a Soviet agent.
我的意思是，如果阿尔杰·希斯是苏联特工，那么哈里·杜鲁门也可能是苏联特工。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: The Democrats have the feeling that McCarthy probably doesn’t know what he’s talking about and so they want to show that he’s been full of hot air.
历史学家埃伦·施雷克：民主党有一种感觉，麦卡锡可能不知道他在说什么，所以他们想表明他一直在夸夸其谈。
They appoint a investigating committee under Maryland Senator Millard Tydings, who’s quite conservative, and Tydings runs a investigation of McCarthy’s charges.
他们任命了一个由相当保守的马里兰州参议员米勒德·泰丁斯领导的调查委员会，泰丁斯对麦卡锡的指控进行调查。
Voice of Millard Tydings, Senator Millard Tydings: Now the question that I asked was simply this: Have you in your possession any memorandum, any affidavit, any paper, any photostat or other material which would tell us who this individual is?
米勒德·泰丁斯参议员的声音：现在我问的问题很简单：您是否拥有任何备忘录、任何宣誓书、任何文件、任何影印件或其他材料，可以告诉我们这个人是谁？
Not where you got it.
不是你从哪里得到的。
Not how you got it.
不是你怎么得到它的。
Not who gave it to you.
不是谁给你的。
But have you the material?
但你有材料吗？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: May I answer the first half of your question first…
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我可以先回答你问题的前半部分吗……
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: McCarthy had a lot of opponents in the press, but he had just as many friends.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡在媒体上有很多反对者，但他也有同样多的朋友。
They were reporters for the big conservative newspaper chains, the Hearst chains, the Scripps-Howard chains, for instance.
他们是大型保守派连锁报业的记者，例如赫斯特连锁报业、斯克里普斯-霍华德连锁报业。
McCarthy called the head of the Hearst newspapers, and said that he’d shot his mouth off and that he needed help.
麦卡锡给赫斯特报社的负责人打电话，说他已经说了谎，他需要帮助。
And Hearst sent a series of reporters to help him.
赫斯特派出了一系列记者来帮助他。
David Lattimore, Son: McCarthy did bring in finally nine names.
儿子大卫·拉铁摩尔：麦卡锡最终确实带来了九个名字。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I think it’s important that the committee know that the communist activities of Miss Kenyon are not only deep-rooted but extend back through the years.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我认为委员会知道凯尼恩小姐的共产主义活动不仅根深蒂固，而且可以追溯到很多年前，这一点很重要。
Judge Dorothy Kenyon, Dorothy Kenyon: I just heard the shocking news that Senator McCarthy had the audacity to call me a communist today on the floor of congress.
多萝西·凯尼恩法官，多萝西·凯尼恩：我刚刚听到了令人震惊的消息，麦卡锡参议员今天在国会上竟然厚颜无耻地称我为共产主义者。
I want to say here and now that Senator McCarthy is a liar.
我现在想说麦卡锡参议员是个骗子。
David Lattimore, Son: At some point McCarthy must have gotten the sense that he needed something more dramatic.
儿子大卫·拉铁摩尔：麦卡锡一定在某个时刻意识到他需要一些更具戏剧性的东西。
His brainstorm is that he would come up with the boss of Alger Hiss.
他的头脑风暴是想出阿尔杰·希斯的老板。
And that was going to be my father.
那将是我的父亲。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: We have this man Owen Lattimore, a man commonly referred to as the architect of our Far Eastern policy, a policy which has sold into communistic slavery, four hundred million people, a policy which has resulted in a batting average of one thousand percent for the Russians and a batting average of zero for the United States.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我们有这个人欧文·拉铁摩尔，他通常被称为我们远东政策的设计师，这项政策已将四亿人卖为共产主义奴隶，这项政策导致俄罗斯人的成功率达到 1000%，而美国的成功率为零。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Owen Lattimore is a professor from Johns Hopkins University.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：欧文·拉铁摩尔是约翰·霍普金斯大学的教授。
He’s a Chinese specialist.
他是一位中国专家。
He’s left-leaning.
他是左倾。
Like a lot of others who studied China, he thought that the Chiang Kai-shek regime was hopelessly corrupt and he wanted the United States essentially to support the communist takeover and recognize China.
和许多研究中国的人一样，他认为蒋介石政权腐败得无可救药，他希望美国本质上支持共产党的接管并承认中国。
David Lattimore, Son: My father was in Afghanistan and he heard about the McCarthy accusations.
儿子大卫·拉铁摩尔：我父亲在阿富汗，他听说了麦卡锡的指控。
He told the Associated Press that the charges were pure moonshine.
他告诉美联社，这些指控纯粹是无稽之谈。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: Is Lattimore arrogant?
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大的阴谋：拉铁摩尔傲慢吗？
Yes.
是的。
Is Lattimore a traitor?
拉铁摩尔是叛徒吗？
Absurd.
荒诞。
Is McCarthy gaining traction from all this?
麦卡锡是否从这一切中获得了吸引力？
Unbelievably.
难以置信。
Narrator: And in his Capitol office meanwhile Senator McCarthy is snowed under by mail concerning his sensational charges, mail both pro and con.
旁白：与此同时，麦卡锡参议员在他的国会办公室里收到了大量关于他耸人听闻的指控的邮件，无论是赞成还是反对的邮件。
With Lattimore due back from Afghanistan at week’s end to publicly answer McCarthy, the senator faces a showdown and perhaps a libel suit.
拉铁摩尔将于本周末从阿富汗返回，公开答复麦卡锡，这位参议员面临着摊牌，或许还面临诽谤诉讼。
David Lattimore, Son: My mother and I went to what was then Idlewild Airport, now JFK.
儿子大卫·拉铁摩尔：我和母亲去了当时的艾德维尔德机场，现在是肯尼迪机场。
It was a strange underground almost sort of Dante-esque setting with a long corridor that he was going to have to come down, running the gauntlet of who knows a hundred reporters and photographers with their big four-by-five-inch cameras and flashbulbs.
这是一个奇怪的地下环境，几乎有点但丁式的环境，有一条长长的走廊，他必须下来，接受一百名记者和摄影师的挑战，他们拿着四乘五英寸的大相机和闪光灯。
David Lattimore, Son: The Tydings Committee was in the Senate Caucus Room.
儿子戴维·拉铁摩尔：泰丁斯委员会在参议院核心小组会议室。
Joe McCarthy was there.
乔·麦卡锡也在场。
My mother and father were quite close.
我的母亲和父亲关系非常亲密。
David Lattimore, Son: The senator has stated that he will stand or fall on my case.
大卫·拉铁摩尔（David Latimore）之子：参议员已表示他将在我的案子上支持或失败。
I hope that this will turn out to be true because I shall show that his charges against me are so empty and baseless that the senator will fall and fall flat on his face.
我希望这会成为事实，因为我将表明他对我的指控是如此空洞和毫无根据，以至于参议员会摔倒在地。
David Lattimore, Son: When it was over that day, my grandfather said that the statement was like Cicero’s oration against Catiline in its sort of taunting, mocking approach that Cicero was the master of.
大卫·拉铁摩尔（David Latimore），儿子：那天结束后，我的祖父说，这个声明就像西塞罗针对喀提林的演说，采用了西塞罗所擅长的那种嘲讽和嘲讽的方式。
McCarthy didn’t say anything.
麦卡锡什么也没说。
And my father said, “He would never meet my eye, he never looked me in the eye.”
我父亲说：“他永远不会看我的眼睛，他从来不会看着我的眼睛。”
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: When Herblock does his famous cartoon, the phrase catches on and it becomes common parlance immediately.
托马斯·多尔蒂（Thomas Doherty），媒体历史学家：当赫布洛克制作他著名的漫画时，这句话流行起来，并立即成为常见的说法。
Herblock draws a picture of a stack of tar pots, and at the top of it, he puts the word, “McCarthyism.” This anxiety has been swirling in the air about communism, but it isn’t until that moment that Herblock names it that we kind of have this signifier for it.
赫布洛克画了一堆焦油罐的图，在图的顶部写了“麦卡锡主义”这个词。这种关于共产主义的焦虑一直在空气中盘旋，但直到赫布洛克命名它的那一刻，我们才拥有了它的这个能指。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I want to assure the tens of thousands of people who have written me, urging that we keep up this fight to a successful conclusion, that the fight will continue regardless of how rough the opposition gets and rough it will be.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我想向数以万计写信给我、敦促我们继续这场斗争并取得成功的人保证，无论反对派变得多么艰难，这场斗争都将继续下去。
You be sure of that.
你确信这一点。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Republicans realize there’s just too much political capital at stake for them to desert McCarthy.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：共和党人意识到，抛弃麦卡锡会带来太多的政治资本。
Public opinion polls show this gigantic upsurge in support of McCarthy’s charges.
民意调查显示，支持麦卡锡指控的人数激增。
So the Republicans are saying to themselves, we have a complete loose cannon with virtually no information at the head of our army at this moment.
因此，共和党人对自己说，我们的军队现在几乎没有任何信息，完全松散的大炮。
We’re riding along with him because we basically have no alternative.
我们和他一起骑行是因为我们基本上别无选择。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: There was also only one woman senator and that was the one senator who stood up and spoke against McCarthy, and she was a Republican, and that was Margaret Chase Smith from Maine.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：当时只有一位女参议员，那就是一位站出来反对麦卡锡的参议员，她是共和党人，那就是来自缅因州的玛格丽特·蔡斯·史密斯。
Smith was appalled.
史密斯感到震惊。
She thought that it was against all that she stood for in politics to try to perpetuate yourself by using smears and unfounded allegations.
她认为，试图通过抹黑和毫无根据的指控来维持自己的地位，违背了她在政治上所主张的一切。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What Margaret Chase Smith decided to do was to write up what was called a Declaration of Conscience.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：玛格丽特·蔡斯·史密斯决定写一份所谓的《良心宣言》。
About a half a dozen other moderate Republicans signed on initially, but they began to jump ship.
大约六名其他温和派共和党人最初签署了协议，但他们开始跳槽。
And Margaret Chase Smith was basically standing almost alone in the Senate with her Declaration of Conscience.
玛格丽特·蔡斯·史密斯基本上是在参议院中几乎独自一人发表了《良心宣言》。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: At the same time as the Tydings Committee is winding up its work, the North Korean Army crosses the 38th Parallel and invades South Korea.
历史学家埃伦·施雷克：就在泰丁斯委员会结束工作的同时，朝鲜军队越过 38 度线入侵韩国。
The advent of the Korean War seems to give enormous credibility to these charges, “Hey, look what happened.
朝鲜战争的出现似乎给这些指控带来了巨大的可信度，“嘿，看看发生了什么。
We lost China and now, here come the communists taking over another piece of the free world.” I really feel very strongly that had there not been a Korean War, McCarthy would have fizzled out
我们失去了中国，现在共产党又来了，占领了自由世界的另一块土地。”我真的非常强烈地感觉到，如果没有朝鲜战争，麦卡锡就会失败
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: And then, in July a engineer in Manhattan named Julius Rosenberg is arrested for having passed secrets to the Russians about the atomic bomb.
埃伦·施雷克 (Ellen Schrecker)，历史学家：然后，7 月，曼哈顿一位名叫朱利叶斯·罗森伯格 (Julius Rosenberg) 的工程师因向俄罗斯人泄露有关原子弹的秘密而被捕。
Rosenberg was in fact an atomic spy.
罗森伯格实际上是一名原子间谍。
We now know that.
我们现在知道了。
And his arrest reinforces the message that Joe McCarthy is trying to get out there.
他的被捕强化了乔·麦卡锡试图摆脱困境的信息。
This really is what gives him power.
这确实给了他力量。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The Tydings report at the end basically accused McCarthy of perpetrating a fraud and a hoax.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：泰丁斯的报告最后基本上指责麦卡锡实施了欺诈和骗局。
Unfortunately the report was voted on by almost a party-line vote, with the Democrats voting for it and the Republicans voting against it, and that diminished the impact of it.
不幸的是，该报告的投票几乎是按照党派路线进行的，民主党投了赞成票，共和党投了反对票，这削弱了报告的影响力。
The Tydings investigation was designed to show that McCarthy’s charges were untrue, but by so focusing on McCarthy, they in a sense made him a hero of the anti-communist movement and they elevated him.
泰丁斯的调查旨在表明麦卡锡的指控是不真实的，但通过如此关注麦卡锡，他们在某种意义上使他成为反共运动的英雄，并提升了他。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: Owen Lattimore’s career is completely destroyed.
埃伦·施雷克 (Ellen Schrecker)，历史学家：欧文·拉铁摩尔 (Owen Latimore) 的职业生涯彻底毁了。
He’s eased out of any kind of professional advancement.
他已经摆脱了任何形式的职业晋升。
He’s no longer being consulted.
不再有人咨询他。
David Lattimore, Son: My father was living 50%, approximately, on book royalties and fees for articles and lectures.
大卫·拉铁摩尔（David Latimore），儿子：我父亲大约 50% 的生活费靠书籍版税以及文章和讲座的费用。
All that dried up with these McCarthy charges.
所有这些都随着麦卡锡的指控而消失。
They had lean years.
他们度过了贫瘠的岁月。
N BC Meet The Press, Martha Rountree, Journalist: A lot of people say, Senator, that they hope you win out and they’re on your side, but they’re against your tactics.
NBC 媒体见面会，玛莎·朗特里，记者：参议员，很多人说，他们希望你获胜，他们站在你一边，但他们反对你的策略。
If you had to do this all over again, would you have changed any of your tactics?
如果你必须重来一次，你会改变你的策略吗？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: : Miss Rountree, by tactics, I assume you mean telling the public what’s going on in our State Department.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：：朗特里小姐，从策略上讲，我认为您的意思是告诉公众我们国务院正在发生的事情。
I assume you mean that.
我猜你是这个意思。
I’m not equipped to use lace handkerchief type of tactics.
我没有能力使用蕾丝手帕类型的战术。
We may have to use lumberjack tactics, bare-knuckle tactics.
我们可能不得不使用伐木工战术，赤手空拳的战术。
If those are the only kind of tactics the communists understand, then those are the tactics we'll use.
如果这些是共产党人理解的唯一策略，那么这些就是我们将使用的策略。
David Oshinsky, Historian: In the 1950 election campaign, McCarthy really went after Tydings as basically a tool of the American Communist Party, which was outrageous.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：在 1950 年的竞选活动中，麦卡锡确实将泰丁斯视为美国共产党的工具，这是令人愤慨的。
Tydings was a conservative Democrat.
泰丁斯是一位保守的民主党人。
McCarthy and his henchmen fused together a photograph of Millard Tydings and Earl Browder, the head of the communist party.
麦卡锡和他的追随者将米勒德·泰丁斯和共产党领袖厄尔·布劳德的照片融合在一起。
They had actually talked at a hearing, but it was as if they were best friends in a warm embrace.
他们实际上是在听证会上交谈过，但他们就像是最好的朋友，温暖地拥抱在一起。
Narrator: From Maryland comes the upset of the day.
旁白：从马里兰州传来了这一天的不安。
Republican John Marshall Butler, a lawyer running for his first office, defeats Millard Tydings, who rejected Senator McCarthy’s charges of communism in government.
共和党人约翰·马歇尔·巴特勒（John Marshall Butler）是一名律师，竞选他的第一个职位，击败了米勒德·泰丁斯（Millard Tydings），后者拒绝了参议员麦卡锡关于政府中共产主义的指控。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The media made it seem as if Tydings lost because of McCarthy’s intervention and what this meant was if you want to hold on to your seat, stay away from Joe McCarthy.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：媒体让泰丁斯似乎因为麦卡锡的干预而输了，这意味着如果你想保住座位，就远离乔·麦卡锡。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: There are definitely two groups of Democrats as of today.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：到目前为止，民主党肯定有两派。
Number one, there are the millions of loyal Americans who have voted the Democrat ticket.
第一，有数百万忠诚的美国人投票支持民主党。
Individuals who are just as loyal as the average Republican.
与普通共和党人一样忠诚的个人。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: On the other hand there is that small, closely-knit group of administration Democrats who are under the complete domination of the bureaucratic, communistic Frankenstein, which they themselves have created.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：另一方面，有一小群关系密切的民主党人，他们完全处于他们自己创造的官僚共产主义弗兰肯斯坦的统治之下。
They shouldn’t be called Democrats.
他们不应该被称为民主党人。
They should be referred to properly as the “Commiecrat” Party.
他们应该被正确地称为“共产主义”党。
[Applause]
[鼓掌]
Alvin Spivak, Wire Reporter: Joe McCarthy was a very charming person.
阿尔文·斯皮瓦克（Alvin Spivak），《连线》记者：乔·麦卡锡是一个非常有魅力的人。
He was very affable, easy to reach, easy to contact, talkative.
他非常和蔼可亲，很容易接近，很容易联系，很健谈。
He was Joe and he called you by your first name and he got to know your name.
他是乔，他直呼你的名字，并且知道了你的名字。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: He just wanted people to like him and in fact, even people that he attacked on the Senate floor, when he walked out the door, he could put his arm around them and was like, “Well, that was just politics you know now we can become friends along the way.” I think a lot of this comes from McCarthy’s experience as a boxer.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：他只是希望人们喜欢他，事实上，即使是他在参议院攻击过的人，当他走出门时，他也会用手臂搂住他们，然后说：“好吧，这就是政治，你知道，现在我们可以成为朋友。”我认为这很大程度上来自麦卡锡作为拳击手的经历。
In the ring, anything went.
在擂台上，一切皆有可能。
But then when you got out of the ring, you weren’t enemies anymore.
但当你们走出擂台时，你们就不再是敌人了。
You put your arm around your opponent and you walked away.
你用手臂搂住对手然后走开。
Narrator: At the Jefferson Jackson day dinner in Washington, President Truman holds a bombshell in abeyance.
旁白：在华盛顿的杰斐逊·杰克逊纪念日晚宴上，杜鲁门总统暂时搁置了一个重磅炸弹。
Truman: I have served my country long and I think efficiently and honestly.
杜鲁门：我为我的国家服务了很长时间，我的思考高效且诚实。
I shall not accept a re-nomination.
我不会接受重新提名。
I do not feel that it is my duty to spend another four years in the White House.
我不认为我有责任在白宫再呆四年。
[cries of “No!”]
[喊叫“不！”]
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: The Democratic candidate was the governor of Illinois.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：民主党候选人是伊利诺伊州州长。
His name was Adlai Stevenson.
他的名字叫阿德莱·史蒂文森。
He was a moderate.
他是一个温和派。
He has a nice clean record.
他有着良好的干净记录。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: Everybody assumed that there would be a conservative who would be running for president on the Republican ticket and that would be Senator Robert Taft of Ohio.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大阴谋》作者：每个人都认为会有一位保守派人士以共和党的名义竞选总统，那就是俄亥俄州参议员罗伯特·塔夫脱。
The moderates, those who are afraid of Joe McCarthy, start this Draft Eisenhower movement.
温和派，那些害怕乔·麦卡锡的人，发起了这场艾森豪威尔选秀运动。
General Dwight Eisenhower is a war hero, head of NATO for a while, just a very likeable personality.
德怀特·艾森豪威尔将军是一位战争英雄，曾担任过一段时间的北约领导人，性格非常讨人喜欢。
Commercial: : Ike for president, Ike for president, Ike for president, Ike for president.
商业广告：：艾克总统，艾克总统，艾克总统，艾克总统。
You like Ike.
你喜欢艾克。
I like Ike.
我喜欢艾克。
Everybody likes Ike.
每个人都喜欢艾克。
For president.
为总统。
Hang out the banner.
挂出横幅。
Beat the drum.
敲鼓。
We’ll take Ike to Washington.
我们将带艾克去华盛顿。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Although the Republicans were running a moderate, they were perfectly willing to use McCarthy as an attack dog against the Democrats and the Democratic presidential candidate.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：尽管共和党是温和派，但他们完全愿意利用麦卡锡作为攻击民主党和民主党总统候选人的攻击狗。
Adlai Stevenson had a very peripheral relationship with Alger Hiss.
阿德莱·史蒂文森与阿尔杰·希斯的关系非常边缘。
And during the campaign, McCarthy made what we call “the purposeful slip.”
在竞选期间，麦卡锡犯了我们所说的“有目的的失误”。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I perform this unpleasant task because the American people are entitled to have the coldly documented history of this man who says, "I want to be your president." Strangely, Alger—I mean, Adlai.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我执行这项令人不快的任务是因为美国人民有权了解这个人的冷酷历史，他说：“我想成为你们的总统。”奇怪的是，阿尔杰——我是说，阿德莱。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What you had was a Republican senator basically saying that there was no difference between a man who had been sent to prison for espionage and the man who was now the standard bearer of the Democratic ticket in 1952.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：一位共和党参议员基本上说，一个因间谍活动而入狱的人和现在是 1952 年民主党竞选旗手的人没有什么区别。
Narrator: America speaks at the polling booth.
旁白：美国在投票站讲话。
It's Eisenhower by a landslide.
艾森豪威尔以压倒性优势当选。
After twenty years, the Republican Party is back in power.
二十年后，共和党重新掌权。
General Dwight D.
德怀特·D.将军
Eisenhower is elected.
艾森豪威尔当选。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The authors of the Constitution felt that they would give the Congress the ability to keep an eye on the executive branch, to police it, to regulate it.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：宪法的作者认为，他们将赋予国会监督行政部门、对其进行监督和监管的能力。
There’s a long history of congressional investigations of the executive branch up to this point and much of it had been very positive.
迄今为止，国会对行政部门的调查由来已久，其中大部分调查结果非常积极。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: McCarthy, by seniority, in 1953, was entitled to be chairman of the Government Affairs Committee.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：麦卡锡按资历，1953年有权担任政府事务委员会主席。
Joe McCarthy assigned himself to be the chairman of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation.
乔·麦卡锡任命自己为常设调查小组委员会主席。
Donald I.
唐纳德·I.
Rogers, Editor, New York Herald Tribune: You going to use the same tactics that you have used right along, sir?
罗杰斯，《纽约先驱论坛报》编辑：先生，您会使用您一直以来使用的相同策略吗？
Senator Joseph Mccarthy: Oh now, and you say “the same tactics.” You see if you have a committee, the power to subpoena, investigators, you don't use the same tactics you use when you have no committee, no power to subpoena.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：哦，现在你说“同样的策略”。你看，如果你有一个委员会、传票权、调查员，你就不会使用与没有委员会、没有传票权时相同的策略。
Where you have a committee, so if you have power of subpoena you can get the records, and if we have a Republican president, we’ll be able to get those records, I’m sure.
如果你有一个委员会，那么如果你有传票权，你就可以获得记录，如果我们有一位共和党总统，我确信我们将能够获得这些记录。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: McCarthy actually has political power now.
Jelani Cobb，记者：麦卡锡现在实际上拥有政治权力。
He can create these public spectacles by investigating individuals or organizations, institutions, and so on, but it’s also dangerous because now Republicans are in the majority.
他可以通过调查个人或组织、机构等来制造这些公共奇观，但这也很危险，因为现在共和党占多数。
After the first six months or so, you start pointing to the ineptitude, or the incompetence, or dereliction of Republicans, not Harry Truman, not Democrats.
在最初六个月左右的时间里，你开始指责共和党人的无能、无能或失职，而不是哈里·杜鲁门，也不是民主党。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: McCarthy wanted an aggressive counsel.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡想要一个积极的建议。
There was already a counsel on the committee, but McCarthy didn’t think he was quite aggressive enough.
委员会中已经有一名律师，但麦卡锡认为他不够激进。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: Roy Cohn is a whip-smart lawyer from New York.
托马斯·多尔蒂（Thomas Doherty），媒体历史学家：罗伊·科恩（Roy Cohn）是一位来自纽约的聪明律师。
He’s young.
他很年轻。
He’s ambitious.
他雄心勃勃。
He is the son of a legal family in New York, very wealthy, influential family.
他是纽约一个合法家庭的儿子，非常富有、有影响力的家庭。
He uses that family connection to get in the federal prosecutor’s office.
他利用家庭关系进入了联邦检察官办公室。
His prosecution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg is instrumental in getting them the death penalty, the first time in American history in peacetime that two people have been executed for espionage.
他对朱利叶斯·罗森伯格和埃塞尔·罗森伯格的起诉有助于将他们判处死刑，这是和平时期美国历史上首次有两人因间谍罪被处决。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: When Roy Cohn became the counsel, one of the people he appointed was David Schine.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：当罗伊·科恩成为法律顾问时，他任命的人之一是大卫·希因。
Schine is an unpaid consultant.
Schine 是一名无薪顾问。
His parents own a chain of hotels.
他的父母拥有一家连锁酒店。
His experience in terms of anti-communism was he wrote a little pamphlet that was put into each of the hotel rooms that his parents had.
他在反共方面的经验是，他写了一本小册子，放在他父母拥有的每个酒店房间里。
He was a lightweight on these issues but Cohn liked him and Cohn wanted him around.
他在这些问题上表现得很轻，但科恩喜欢他，科恩希望他在身边。
David Oshinsky, Historian: President Eisenhower realizes that the anti-communist issue is not going to go away.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：艾森豪威尔总统意识到反共问题不会消失。
So Eisenhower believes that he really has to tighten up the loyalty program.
因此艾森豪威尔认为他确实必须加强忠诚度计划。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What the Eisenhower administration also does is to begin to look at security risks not just in terms of their politics, but in terms of their alleged sexual proclivities.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：艾森豪威尔政府还开始不仅从政治角度，而且从所谓的性倾向角度审视安全风险。
There is a very, very strong belief in the early 1950s that homosexuals, given the stigma of homosexuality in the 1950s, not only should not be working in government, but were security risks because they could be so easily blackmailed.
在 20 世纪 50 年代初，人们非常非常坚信，鉴于 20 世纪 50 年代同性恋的耻辱，同性恋者不仅不应该在政府工作，而且存在安全风险，因为他们很容易受到勒索。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Eisenhower originally assumed that once he took over, that McCarthy would calm down.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：艾森豪威尔最初认为，一旦他接任，麦卡锡就会平静下来。
That he would say, “OK, we have a Republican in power.” But in fact it didn’t happen at all.
他会说，“好吧，我们有一位共和党人掌权。”但事实上这根本没有发生。
David Oshinsky, Historian: What McCarthy does is to say publicly— and this is against the law—that he is asking people in government who think there is subversion to go and take files and secretly send them to McCarthy.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：麦卡锡所做的是公开表示——这是违法的——他要求政府中那些认为存在颠覆行为的人去拿走文件并秘密地将它们发送给麦卡锡。
What he is really doing is asking people in various departments to rifle through files, to settle grievances against workers they do not like.
他真正做的就是要求各个部门的人翻阅档案，解决对他们不喜欢的工人的不满。
He is no longer throwing rocks and breaking White House windows, he is now basically inside the government with the power to investigate and he is going to use that to what he thinks is his advantage.
他不再投掷石块并打破白宫窗户，他现在基本上在政府内部，拥有调查的权力，他将利用这一权力来实现他认为的优势。
Narrator: In Washington, from its new headquarters near the Capitol, the Voice of America beams largest speech around the world.
旁白：在华盛顿，美国之音在国会大厦附近的新总部向世界各地发出最大规模的演讲。
In 38 languages the truth, a powerful ally of freedom, is being recorded on tape for broadcasts that will pierce
真相，自由的强大盟友，被用 38 种语言录制在磁带上进行广播，
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The Voice of America was started during the Second World War.
唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie），参议院历史学家：美国之音是在第二次世界大战期间创办的。
Basically, the people who worked there fled from their countries during the war and they were either anti-fascists or anti-communists essentially.
基本上，在那里工作的人在战争期间逃离了自己的国家，他们本质上要么是反法西斯主义者，要么是反共产主义者。
And the anti-communist faction created collected information about their colleagues who they thought were too sympathetic to the communists.
反共派收集了有关他们认为过于同情共产党的同事的信息。
The anti-communist people began leaking information to McCarthy.
反共人士开始向麦卡锡泄露信息。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: This morning we've been holding executive sessions covering the information programs dealing almost entirely today with the Voice of America, dealing with incompetence, waste, subversion.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：今天早上，我们举行了行政会议，内容涉及今天几乎全部涉及美国之音的信息节目，涉及无能、浪费和颠覆。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: May we come to order?
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我们可以点菜吗？
Mr. Reed Harris.
里德·哈里斯先生。
Your name is Reed Harris?
你叫里德·哈里斯？
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Reed Harris, who had been the number two man at the U.S. Information Service, was questioned about his loyalty to America because he had written a book twenty years ago while a student at Columbia.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），Wire 记者：里德·哈里斯（Reed Harris）曾是美国新闻局的二号人物，他被质疑对美国的忠诚度，因为他二十年前在哥伦比亚大学读书时写过一本书。
He had been accused of saying that the communists should be retained on college faculties.
他被指控说大学教师应该保留共产党员。
Reed Harris: My feeling was that professors should have the right to express their considered opinions on any subject whatever they were, sir.
里德·哈里斯：我的感觉是，教授应该有权就任何主题表达他们经过深思熟虑的意见，无论是什么，先生。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Well then let’s continue to read your own writings.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：那么让我们继续阅读您自己的著作。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Well we’ll try to bring you down to date if we can.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：如果可以的话，我们会尽力为您提供最新信息。
Reed Harris: Mr. Chairman, two weeks ago, Senator Taft took the position that I took twenty-one years ago, that communists and socialists should be allowed to teach in the schools.
里德·哈里斯：主席先生，两周前，塔夫脱参议员采取了我二十一年前所采取的立场，即应允许共产主义者和社会主义者在学校任教。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I don't recall Senator Taft ever having any of the background that you've got, sir.
约瑟夫·麦卡锡参议员：我不记得塔夫脱参议员有过你所拥有的任何背景，先生。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: I was at the Reed Harris hearing.
Al Spivak，Wire 记者：我参加了里德·哈里斯听证会。
I was shocked at how he treated him.
我对他对待他的方式感到震惊。
I thought he treated Reed Harris with contempt.
我认为他蔑视里德·哈里斯。
Reed Harris: I resent the tone of this inquiry very much, Mr. Chairman.
里德·哈里斯：主席先生，我非常反感这次调查的语气。
I resent it, not only because it is my neck, my public neck that you are, I think, very skillfully trying to wring.
我讨厌它，不仅因为我想，你正在非常熟练地试图拧断我的脖子，我公共的脖子。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The Voice of America buckled and Harris left the agency.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：美国之音屈服了，哈里斯离开了该机构。
They never proved anything about him.
他们从未证明过任何关于他的事情。
They just made lots of allegations.
他们只是提出了很多指控。
He was a man who was very worn down by what happened to him.
他是一个因发生在自己身上的事情而感到非常疲惫的人。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: At the end of the Voice of America hearings, there was no “aha” moment.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：美国之音听证会结束时，并没有“顿悟”时刻。
There was no moment when McCarthy found his spy.
麦卡锡没有找到他的间谍。
His attention had just moved on to the next investigation and this happened repeatedly.
他的注意力刚刚转移到接下来的调查上，这样的事情就反复发生了。
Almost none of his investigations had any kind of culminating climax.
他的调查几乎没有一个达到高潮。
They were always drowned out by the tremendous revelations that he had found about the next situation that he was going to investigate.
他们总是被他所发现的关于他将要调查的下一个情况的巨大启示所淹没。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: McCarthy becomes interested in this question about the libraries, which are run by the State Department.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：麦卡锡对有关国务院运营的图书馆的问题产生了兴趣。
These are kind of stores of American literature, American books, American history, fiction, so on.
这些是美国文学、美国书籍、美国历史、小说等的商店。
These books were supposed to be across a spectrum of perspectives with all but the most overtly propagandistic, anti-American books being included.
这些书应该涵盖各种观点，除了最公开的宣传性反美书籍外，所有书籍都包括在内。
McCarthy looked at that as a invitation to see where there was communist subversion.
麦卡锡认为这是一个邀请，让我们看看哪里有共产主义颠覆。
Senator Joseph Mccarthy: I think the Committee has disclosed a fantastic picture of the information program.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我认为委员会已经披露了信息计划的精彩图景。
Some thirty or forty thousand books by communist authors, distributed throughout the world with our stamp of approval, allegedly for the purpose of fighting communism.
共产主义作家写的大约三四万本书，经过我们的批准在世界各地发行，据称是为了反对共产主义。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: How do you start this investigation?
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：你如何开始这项调查？
In their way of thinking, you call in the authors of the books who have no idea that their books are in the U.S.I.A.
按照他们的思维方式，你把那些不知道他们的书在美国的书的作者叫来。
shelves.
货架。
One of the authors says, “I don’t even have a copy of that book.”
一位作者说：“我什至没有那本书的副本。”
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: It is odd to decide to haul the authors before the committee because the authors did not put their books on the shelves of the libraries.
Jelani Cobb，记者：决定将作者拖到委员会面前是很奇怪的，因为作者没有将他们的书放在图书馆的书架上。
You could have a group of librarians supposedly and just bring them before the committee and bully them about why they chose this book as opposed to that book.
假设你可以有一群图书馆员，然后把他们带到委员会面前，并欺负他们为什么选择这本书而不是那本书。
Dashiell Hammett Langston Hughes Howard Fast
达希尔·哈米特·兰斯顿·休斯·霍华德·法斯特
But the real spectacular, headline-generating potential is in finding authors, peoples whose names are known to the public.
但真正引人注目的、成为头条新闻的潜力在于寻找作者，以及那些名字为公众所知的人。
Howard Fast: The constitution obligates me to say a word or two about the origins of this.
霍华德·法斯特：宪法规定我有义务就其起源说一两句话。
I am a student of American history.
我是美国历史的学生。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Mr. Fast you're ordered to answer the questions only.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：法斯特先生，您只被命令回答问题。
We're not going to take a lecture from a man who refuses to state whether he’s a member of the Communist Party as of this moment.
我们不会听一个拒绝表明自己目前是否是共产党员的人的演讲。
Howard Fast: I must refuse to answer that question basing my refusal upon the privilege granted to me and the Fifth Amendment and in line with your words sir, I wish you would allow me to spell out that privilege and what it means and why I am invoking it.
霍华德·法斯特：我必须拒绝回答这个问题，因为我的拒绝是基于授予我的特权和第五修正案，并且按照您的话，先生，我希望您允许我阐明该特权及其含义以及我为何援引它。
No I don't think everyone in this room knows this.
不，我不认为这个房间里的每个人都知道这一点。
Very few people know this.
很少有人知道这一点。
Why don't you give me a chance to state this?
你为什么不给我一个机会来表达这一点？
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: At that time, a lot of occupations like government workers, schoolteachers, and others were subject to instant dismissal from their jobs if they took the Fifth Amendment.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：当时，很多职业，如政府工作人员、学校教师等，如果接受第五修正案，就会立即被解雇。
In many cases, it was people who were quite willing to admit that they had once been in the Communist Party and they had left the Communist Party.
很多时候，是那些非常愿意承认自己曾经加入过共产党、又离开了共产党的人。
But the next question was always, “Who did you know when you were in the Communist Party?” And that’s the thing that people didn’t want to do.
但下一个问题总是：“你在共产党的时候认识谁？”这就是人们不想做的事情。
They were willing to talk about themselves but they were not willing to give a name of somebody else.
他们愿意谈论自己，但不愿意透露别人的名字。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: In April of 1953, Cohn and Schine went off on a trip to the major cities of Europe.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：1953 年 4 月，科恩和沙因前往欧洲主要城市进行了一次旅行。
They visited, among other things, various U.S.I.A.
除其他外，他们还参观了美国多个国家和地区。
libraries.
图书馆。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: The books that they’re looking for were not necessarily communist propaganda—there wasn’t a lot of that—but books that had been written by people associated with communism, for example, one of them was the communist Dashiell Hammett, the author of a number of hardboiled detective stories.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：他们寻找的书不一定是共产主义宣传品——数量不多——而是由与共产主义有关的人写的书，例如，其中一本是共产主义者达希尔·哈米特（Dashiell Hammett），他是许多冷酷侦探小说的作者。
The American diplomats who were running these centers are terrified.
管理这些中心的美国外交官感到害怕。
Their careers are on the line.
他们的职业生涯岌岌可危。
Some of them pull the books from the shelves.
他们中的一些人把书从书架上拉下来。
Some even burned them.
有的甚至烧毁它们。
What could be a worse symbol of political repression than burning books?
还有什么比烧书更糟糕的政治镇压象征呢？
Willard Edwards: I listed some of the things you were called over there and they included “scummy snoopers” and “distempered jackals.” That was in the British press.
威拉德·爱德华兹：我列出了一些你在那里被称为的东西，其中包括“卑鄙的窥探者”和“脾气暴躁的豺狼”。这是英国媒体报道的。
Lawrence Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Why do you think your trip got such a bad press both here and abroad?
劳伦斯·阿尔·斯皮瓦克（Lawrence Al Spivak），《连线》记者：您认为为什么您的旅行在国内外受到如此负面的报道？
Roy Cohn: Well, that's not for me to judge.
罗伊·科恩：嗯，这不由我来评判。
I suppose the press is entitled to say exactly what it wants.
我认为媒体有权说出他们想要说的话。
I think some papers did a fair job.
我认为有些论文做得还不错。
David Oshinsky, Historian: President Eisenhower actually gets tangentially involved.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：艾森豪威尔总统实际上介入了。
Ike makes a speech at Dartmouth and it clearly is a reference to what Cohn and Schine have been doing in Europe.
艾克在达特茅斯发表演讲，这显然是指科恩和沙因在欧洲所做的事情。
Eisenhower: Don't join the book-burners.
艾森豪威尔：不要加入焚书者行列。
Don't be afraid to go in your library and read every book as long as any document does not offend our own ideas of decency.
不要害怕去图书馆阅读每一本书，只要任何文件不冒犯我们自己的正派观念。
How will we defeat communism unless we know what it is, what it teaches, or why does it have such an appeal for men?
除非我们知道共产主义是什么，它教什么，或者它为什么对人们如此有吸引力，否则我们如何才能击败共产主义呢？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Did you ever discuss any confidential material with a member of the Communist Party?
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：您是否曾与共产党成员讨论过任何机密材料？
Roy Cohn: At all times when you were with the New York Board of Education and doing child guidance work, were you a member of the Communist Party?
罗伊·科恩：您在纽约教育委员会从事儿童辅导工作时，您是共产党员吗？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Answer that yes or no, do you know this man?
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：回答是或否，你认识这个人吗？
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The extraordinary thing about McCarthy hearings were how many he held.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡听证会的非凡之处在于他举行了多少次听证会。
In 1953 alone he held 143 days of hearings.1 One of the newspaper reporters who covered the hearings said that subpoenas were fluttering onto people’s desks like pigeons in the park, that everybody was a target, essentially.
仅 1953 年，他就举行了 143 天的听证会。1 一位报道听证会的报纸记者表示，传票像公园里的鸽子一样飞到人们的办公桌上，本质上每个人都是目标。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Are you writing now under the direction of the Communist Party?
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：你现在是在共产党的指导下写作的吗？
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: In less than 15 months, McCarthy had interrogated almost 600 people.2 He basically signed off on stacks of subpoenas that his staff could write out at any time.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：在不到 15 个月的时间里，麦卡锡审讯了近 600 人。2 他基本上签署了成堆的传票，他的工作人员可以随时签发这些传票。
The witnesses would get these subpoenas the day before they were going to testify or the night before they were going to testify.
证人会在出庭作证前一天或出庭前一天晚上收到这些传票。
Howard Mandel: My dear sir, I have never consulted with the Communist Party in any manner regarding the writing of the four books I have written.
霍华德·曼德尔：亲爱的先生，关于我所写的四本书的写作，我从未以任何方式与共产党协商过。
Roy Cohn: Now are you a member of the Communist Party?
罗伊·科恩：现在你是共产党员了吗？
Howard Mandel: I am going to answer your question, sir, under my privilege in the Constitution, but I am going to answer it in my own way.
霍华德·曼德尔：先生，根据宪法赋予我的特权，我将回答你的问题，但我将以我自己的方式回答它。
This is a book burning.
这是一本烧书。
You lack only the tinder to set fire to the books as Hitler did twenty years ago.
你所缺少的只是像二十年前希特勒那样点燃书籍的火种。
And I am going to get that across to the American people.
我将把这一点传达给美国人民。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: McCarthy would not allow the Democrats to hire any staff on their own, so they actually walked off of the committee.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡不允许民主党自行雇用任何工作人员，因此他们实际上退出了委员会。
There was a period in which there were no minority party senators.
曾经有一段时间没有少数党参议员。
And also because, Roy Cohn enjoyed holding hearings in New York where Schine’s family owned a suite at the Waldorf Astoria, often none of the Republican senators except for Joe McCarthy could be present.
还因为，罗伊·科恩喜欢在纽约举行听证会，沙因家族在华尔道夫酒店拥有一套套房，通常除了乔·麦卡锡之外，没有任何共和党参议员能够出席。
And so, he could do what he wanted.
所以，他可以做他想做的事。
His staff could do what they wanted.
他的员工可以做他们想做的事。
Leon Kamin: In 1953, I was in graduate school at Harvard’s Department of Social Relations, working on a PhD.
Leon Kamin：1953 年，我在哈佛大学社会关系系研究生院攻读博士学位。
McCarthy was investigating Harvard and he wanted to find communists or ex-communists.
麦卡锡正在调查哈佛大学，他想找到共产党员或前共产党员。
There weren’t that many around.
周围没有那么多人。
I was it.
我就是这样。
It’s as simple as that.
就这么简单。
Leon Kamin: You didn’t need spies inside the party to get my name.
莱昂·卡明：你不需要党内的间谍就能知道我的名字。
I never tried to hide my membership in the Communist Party.
我从未试图隐瞒我的共产党员身份。
Indeed, I was proud of it.
确实，我为此感到自豪。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The thing to know about Leon Kamin is that he was not McCarthy’s target.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：关于莱昂·卡明，需要了解的是，他不是麦卡锡的目标。
He was a little fish.
他是一条小鱼。
McCarthy was going after a big fish and his big fish was Nathan Pusey who was the president of Harvard University, who was one of McCarthy’s outspoken opponents.
麦卡锡正在追捕一条大鱼，而他的大鱼就是哈佛大学校长内森·普西(Nathan Pusey)，他是麦卡锡直言不讳的反对者之一。
Leon Kamin: I knew I was not going to use the Fifth Amendment.
莱昂·卡明：我知道我不会使用第五修正案。
It made you unemployable in the American situation.
这让你在美国的情况下失业了。
Nobody was going to employ a graduate student who would refuse to say whether or not he was then a member of the Communist Party.
没有人会雇用一个拒绝透露自己当时是否是共产党员的研究生。
Leon Kamin: It’s an interesting thing.
莱昂·卡明：这是一件有趣的事情。
In some ways, he was quite a charming guy.
从某些方面来说，他是一个很有魅力的人。
I meet him in the corridor in the courtroom.
我在法庭的走廊里遇见了他。
Without my doing anything, he throws his arm around me and says, “Hi, Leo.” And I was somewhat taken aback, you know.
我什么也没做，他就用手臂搂住我说：“嗨，利奥。”你知道，我有点吃惊。
This guy is trying to crucify me.
这家伙想把我钉在十字架上。
I must confess, I sank to obscenity and he looked hurt.
我必须承认，我陷入了猥亵的境地，而他看起来很受伤。
He really looked hurt.
他看起来真的很受伤。
“What have I got against him?” I’m, gee whiz, he’s got nothing personal against me.
“我跟他有什么仇怨？”我，天啊，他对我没有任何个人恩怨。
He’s just doing his…
他只是在做他的……
It really was that, that attitude.
确实是那样，那样的态度。
Leon Kamin: I knew I would certainly not say anything that endangered the wellbeing of other people who were members of the party at the same time that I was.
莱昂·卡明：我知道我肯定不会说任何危及与我同时也是党员的其他人的福祉的话。
When I look back at it, I wasn’t protecting them.
回想起来，我并没有保护他们。
I was protecting my own sense of dignity.
我是在保护自己的尊严。
Leon Kamin: I said, “I will refuse to answer any question seeking to establish the identity of any person or persons with whom I was associated within or on the periphery of the Communist Party.
莱昂·卡明：我说过，“我将拒绝回答任何旨在确定与我在共产党内部或外围有联系的任何人的身份的问题。
This is because I could not in good conscience become an informer against persons whom I have no reason to believe were ever engaged in unlawful activities.”
这是因为我不能凭良心举报那些我没有理由相信曾经从事过非法活动的人。”
Leon Kamin: McCarthy would say things like, “Don’t answer that one too.
莱昂·卡明：麦卡锡会说，“也不要回答这个问题。
Pile up the counts, mister.
堆积计数，先生。
Pile them up.” But I knew that was nonsense.
把它们堆起来。”但我知道那是无稽之谈。
I was not going to get twenty years in jail.
我不会被判入狱二十年。
I might have to go for a year.
我可能得去一年。
Two years?
两年？
I don’t know.
我不知道。
And that was just a risk one had to take.
这只是人们必须冒的风险。
Leon Kamin: I was less nervous than I thought I was going to be and feeling, in a way, self-righteous.
Leon Kamin：我没有想象中那么紧张，并且在某种程度上感觉自以为是。
A line from Shakespeare comes, “Thy threats pass by me as the idle wind, for I am armed so strong in honesty.”
莎士比亚有句台词：“你的威胁就像无用的风一样从我身边掠过，因为我的诚实武装得如此强大。”
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: In the beginning, Eisenhower doesn’t understand McCarthy.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：一开始，艾森豪威尔并不理解麦卡锡。
He is assuming that McCarthy will stop now a Republican is in the White House.
他认为，既然共和党入主白宫，麦卡锡就会停下来。
But he doesn’t.
但他没有。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: Eisenhower actually said to his aides, “I will not get into the gutter with that guy.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大阴谋》作者：艾森豪威尔实际上对他的助手说：“我不会和那个家伙一起陷入困境。
I will not get down to his level because not only will it make me look bad, but it really will sprinkle mud on the White House itself, on the authority of the presidency.”
我不会降低到他的水平，因为这不仅会让我看起来很糟糕，而且真的会给白宫本身、总统的权威泼脏水。”
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: Eisenhower blamed the press for much of McCarthy’s popularity.
萨姆·塔恩豪斯（Sam Tanenhaus），记者：艾森豪威尔将麦卡锡的受欢迎程度归咎于媒体。
He didn’t understand why newspapers and magazines kept reporting all of McCarthy’s allegations.
他不明白为什么报纸和杂志不断报道麦卡锡的所有指控。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: There was a media benefit to McCarthy existing.
Jelani Cobb，记者：麦卡锡的存在给媒体带来了好处。
Editors knew that if you put a quote from Joe McCarthy on a headline above the fold, front page of the newspaper, people were going to pick that newspaper up, that McCarthy was good copy.
编辑们知道，如果你把乔·麦卡锡的一句话放在报纸头版的标题上，人们就会选择那份报纸，因为麦卡锡是一个很好的文案。
There is a kind of hyperbolic sensational quality to McCarthy’s rhetoric that was very marketable.
麦卡锡的言论有一种夸张的耸人听闻的品质，非常有市场。
It sold papers.
它卖报纸。
Timothy Naftali, Presidential Historian: The America media wanted to be objective.
总统历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：美国媒体希望保持客观。
And that meant that if you were an elected official, you’d get press regardless of what you said.
这意味着，如果你是一名民选官员，无论你说什么，你都会受到媒体关注。
McCarthy understood this.
麦卡锡明白这一点。
McCarthy was willing to assert things that he knew weren’t true and he did it with aplomb.
麦卡锡愿意断言他知道不是真的事情，而且他泰然自若地这么做了。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: He tells a lie and people go to track this down, and by the time you responded to that, he’s told three others.
Jelani Cobb，记者：他撒了谎，人们会去追查此事，当你回应时，他已经告诉了另外三个人。
It’s a sheer exercise in fatigue.
这纯粹是一种消除疲劳的运动。
Senator Joseph Mccarthy: If there are communists in the government printing office, it means they have access to our top-most secrets—atomic energy, hydrogen bomb, everything else—where Alger Hiss only had access to material from the State Department.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：如果政府印刷办公室里有共产党人，那就意味着他们可以接触到我们最高的机密——原子能、氢弹，以及其他一切——而阿尔杰·希斯只能接触到来自国务院的材料。
A communist in the government printing office would have access to all of our top-secret material.
政府印刷办公室的共产党员可以接触到我们所有的绝密材料。
Reporter: Basically it might be more important than the Hiss case.
记者：基本上可能比希斯案更重要。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Oh it could be infinitely more important and may I say that uh this man Rothschild…
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：哦，这可能更加重要，我可以说，呃，罗斯柴尔德这个人……
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Dugout chatter was a term related to the daily meetings that the wire service representatives would have with Joe.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），《通讯社》记者：“休息室闲聊”这个术语与通讯社代表与乔举行的日常会议有关。
He would pour, in my case, a glass of bourbon.
就我而言，他会给我倒一杯波本威士忌。
He would always, with great fanfare, pour himself a black Russian.
他总是大张旗鼓地给自己倒一杯俄罗斯黑人。
He would giggle and say, “The vodka comes straight from Russia.” And it did.
他会咯咯笑着说：“伏特加直接来自俄罗斯。”确实如此。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: In McCarthy’s case, there are just lots of incidents that clearly indicated that he had been drinking excessively.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：就麦卡锡而言，有很多事件清楚地表明他饮酒过量。
At one point, he gets into a fight with a columnist, Drew Pearson, at the Sulgrave Club and kicks him savagely, knocks him to the ground, and apparently, this was after a night of drinking.
有一次，他在苏尔格雷夫俱乐部与专栏作家德鲁·皮尔逊打架，并野蛮地踢他，把他打倒在地，显然，这是在喝了一晚酒之后。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: If you were a journalist and you criticized McCarthy, you might get a subpoena.
托马斯·多尔蒂（Thomas Doherty），媒体历史学家：如果您是一名记者并批评麦卡锡，您可能会收到传票。
This was what happens to the The New York Post editor, James Wechsler, who’s actually called before the McCarthy committee to defend himself.
这就是发生在《纽约邮报》编辑詹姆斯·韦克斯勒身上的事情，他实际上被传唤到麦卡锡委员会为自己辩护。
Wechsler had been a communist in his youth—he had since left the party—turns The New York Post into a kind of mainstream liberal publication, one that however is critical of McCarthy.
韦克斯勒年轻时曾是一名共产主义者，后来离开了共产党，他将《纽约邮报》变成了一种主流自由主义出版物，但对麦卡锡持批评态度。
So McCarthy calls Wechsler before the McCarthy Committee to defend himself.
因此，麦卡锡将韦克斯勒传唤至麦卡锡委员会，为自己辩护。
Wechsler: I think the issues raised by Senator McCarthy's attack on the post and myself are perfectly plain.
韦克斯勒：我认为麦卡锡参议员对这篇文章和我本人的攻击所提出的问题是非常明显的。
I believe that the conscience of the country and the press will finally rise up against this attempt to intimidate newspapers whose only crime is that they have been critical of Joe McCarthy.
我相信，国家和媒体的良心最终会起来反对这种恐吓报纸的企图，这些报纸唯一的罪行就是批评乔·麦卡锡。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: The notion that as a journalist you should be fearing a subpoena, even in America in the context of the Cold War, is pretty extreme.
托马斯·多尔蒂（Thomas Doherty），媒体历史学家：作为一名记者，你应该害怕传票，即使在冷战背景下的美国，这种想法是相当极端的。
I mean the House Un-American Activities Committee didn’t do that.
我的意思是众议院非美活动委员会没有这样做。
Newscaster: Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin and Miss Jean Kerr are married at St Mathews Cathedral in the nation’s capital.
新闻播音员：威斯康星州参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡和简·克尔小姐在该国首都的圣马修斯大教堂举行婚礼。
The crowd is the biggest ever to attend a Washington church wedding and includes vice president Nixon and his wife arriving with hundreds of other politically prominent invited guests.
参加华盛顿教堂婚礼的人数是有史以来最多的，其中包括副总统尼克松和他的妻子以及数百名其他受邀的政治知名人士。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: One of the very few people in McCarthy’s office was a very attractive tall woman whose name was Jean Kerr and she immediately caught McCarthy’s eye.
唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie），参议院历史学家：麦卡锡办公室里为数不多的人之一是一位非常有吸引力的高个子女人，她的名字叫简·克尔（Jean Kerr），她立即引起了麦卡锡的注意。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Ruth Watt, who was his chief clerk, told me that the staff members were very pleased when Joe McCarthy became romantically attached to Jean Kerr because they thought that Jean was a levelheaded young woman who would try to get some control over him.
唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie），参议院历史学家：露丝·瓦特（Ruth Watt）是他的首席秘书，她告诉我，当乔·麦卡锡（Joe McCarthy）与吉恩·克尔（Jean Kerr）产生浪漫关系时，工作人员非常高兴，因为他们认为吉恩是一位头脑冷静的年轻女性，会试图对他进行一些控制。
But as Ruth said to me, we were quite surprised that she was just as avid for publicity as he was.
但正如露丝对我所说，我们很惊讶她和他一样热衷于宣传。
David Oshinsky, Historian: There were all kinds of rumors at the time that McCarthy got married to deflect rumors of homosexuality that had began to surface.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：当时有各种各样的谣言说麦卡锡结婚是为了转移已经开始浮出水面的同性恋谣言。
I think, basically, he got married because he was in love and she was in some ways a remarkable woman.
我认为，基本上，他结婚是因为他恋爱了，而她在某些方面是一位了不起的女人。
Jean Kerr was also a staunch anti-communist and with Jeannie Kerr and Roy Cohn surrounding Joe McCarthy, McCarthy moved from someone who saw the anti-communist conspiracy as a kind of political game that was going to enhance his career, and moved into the true believer category.
珍·克尔也是一位坚定的反共主义者，在珍妮·克尔和罗伊·科恩围绕着乔·麦卡锡的情况下，麦卡锡从一个将反共阴谋视为一种政治游戏来提升自己职业生涯的人，转变为真正的信徒。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Cohn contacts McCarthy, who was on his honeymoon at the time, and says, “We’ve got a big case coming up.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：科恩联系了当时正在度蜜月的麦卡锡，并说：“我们正在处理一个大案子。
This is great.”
这太棒了。”
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: And so McCarthy comes back early from his honeymoon and heads up to New York.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：麦卡锡蜜月提前回来，前往纽约。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Fort Monmouth, which is about 40 miles south of New York City, had been for years using engineers who came from the New York City area.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基 (David Oshinsky)：蒙茅斯堡位于纽约市以南约 40 英里处，多年来一直聘用来自纽约市地区的工程师。
Many of them had belonged to radical organizations in their past.
他们中的许多人过去曾属于激进组织。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The atomic bomb espionage agent Julius Rosenberg had actually worked there for awhile.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：原子弹间谍特工朱利叶斯·罗森伯格实际上曾在那里工作过一段时间。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: After the war, some information from Fort Monmouth apparently showed up on microfilm in Eastern Europe.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：战后，蒙茅斯堡的一些信息显然出现在东欧的缩微胶卷上。
So, the Army G2 intelligence people had looked over all of these engineers trying to find out if they had a link to Julius Rosenberg.
因此，陆军 G2 情报人员对所有这些工程师进行了调查，试图查明他们是否与朱利叶斯·罗森伯格有联系。
And at a certain point in the fall of 1953, they had, 40 or so people with question marks next to their names.
1953 年秋天的某个时候，他们有大约 40 名名字旁边带有问号的人。
Reporter: Senator, have you found any evidence that the Rosenberg spy ring still exists?
记者：参议员，您有没有发现罗森伯格间谍团伙仍然存在的证据？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: : We have a great deal of evidence that members of the Rosenberg spy ring are still walking the streets free.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我们有大量证据表明罗森伯格间谍团伙的成员仍然逍遥法外。
They of course have not reformed.
他们当然没有改革。
As to what part they are taking in espionage now, oh I think I better leave that until the public sessions and the evidence comes out.
至于他们现在在间谍活动中扮演什么角色，哦，我想我最好还是等公开会议和证据出来再说吧。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The Army Secretary Robert Stevens realizes that these Fort Monmouth hearings, although they are bringing up nothing of substance, are very damaging to the Army’s reputation.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：陆军部长罗伯特·史蒂文斯意识到，蒙茅斯堡的听证会虽然没有提出任何实质性内容，但却对陆军的声誉造成了极大损害。
And what Stevens tries to do is to sort of pacify McCarthy’s committee.
史蒂文斯试图做的就是安抚麦卡锡委员会。
David Oshinsky, Historian: And it’s clear that what the Army can do is give preferential treatment to Roy Cohn’s best friend, G.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：很明显，陆军能做的就是给予罗伊·科恩最好的朋友 G. 优惠待遇。
David Schine, who has just been drafted and is down at Fort Dix, New Jersey.
大卫·施恩 (David Schine) 刚刚被征召入伍，目前正在新泽西州的迪克斯堡。
And what Roy Cohn would like are weekend passes, easier duty for Schine, “Not to peel the same potatoes that every other Army private was peeling.” And Stevens capitulates to this.
罗伊·科恩想要的是周末通行证，让沙因更轻松地履行职责，“不要像其他陆军列兵那样剥土豆。”史蒂文斯对此屈服了。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: As Roy Cohn is calling the Army counsel, John G.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：罗伊·科恩 (Roy Cohn) 给陆军顾问约翰·G·多尔蒂 (John G.
Adams, about Schine’s privileges, his language becomes increasingly vituperative and obscene.
亚当斯，关于席因的特权，他的语言变得越来越谩骂和淫秽。
It seems like a lover who’s just obsessed, rather than a senatorial staffer calling the executive branch for a favor.
这看起来就像是一个痴迷的情人，而不是一个向行政部门求助的参议员工作人员。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The White House got wind of Cohn’s pressure on John Adams.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：白宫听到了科恩向约翰·亚当斯施压的风声。
Ike’s top aides told Adams to document every phone call of Cohn’s.
艾克的高级助手告诉亚当斯记录科恩的每一个电话。
They believed that a list of these threats, a chronology was going to be their backstop if anything explodes.
他们相信，如果有任何事情发生，这些威胁的清单和时间顺序将成为他们的后盾。
John Madigan, Journalist: Democrats say that concerning Fort Monmouth is an example of where you began with a big general open charge dramatically and that now have retreated back towards a point of we’d be satisfied to prove perjury or perhaps contempt.
约翰·马迪根，记者：民主党人说，关于蒙茅斯堡的事件就是一个例子，你一开始就提出了大规模的公开指控，现在已经退回到我们愿意证明伪证或藐视法庭的地步。
Is there any chance of proving espionage in anything out of Fort Monmouth at this time?
此时是否有机会证明蒙茅斯堡有任何间谍活动？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Proving espionage, it’s like proving that Al Capone was a murderer, you see.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：证明间谍活动，就像证明阿尔·卡彭是杀人犯，你看。
Wait, just a minute.
等一下，等一下。
Let me finish, if I may.
如果可以的话，让我说完。
Al Capone was known to be one.
众所周知，阿尔·卡彭就是其中之一。
He was not put in jail for murder; he was put in jail for income tax evasion.
他没有因谋杀而入狱；他因逃税而入狱。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: McCarthy is very frustrated.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：麦卡锡非常沮丧。
He has basically nothing here at Fort Monmouth, even though he’s making a big deal of it.
他在蒙茅斯堡基本上一无所有，尽管他对此很重视。
He’s not coming up with a nest of spies and then what does he find?
他并没有想出一个间谍巢穴，那么他发现了什么？
A nice Jewish dentist named Irving Peress.
一位善良的犹太牙医名叫欧文·佩雷斯。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Peress had been an Army dentist, a captain who was promoted to major.
Al Spivak，Wire 记者：佩雷斯曾是一名陆军牙医，一名晋升为少校的上尉。
He had been identified by someone, somewhere along the line, as a communist.
他被某人在某个地方认定为共产主义者。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: It’s pretty clear that the Army wants to get rid of him.
历史学家埃伦·施雷克：很明显，陆军想除掉他。
So they’re sort of pushing him to resign.
所以他们有点逼他辞职。
Meanwhile, he’s been in the military for two years and it’s time for a promotion and he’s been doing good work.
与此同时，他已经入伍两年了，是时候升职了，而且他一直做得很好。
I mean nobody’s fillings are falling out.
我的意思是没有人的填充物脱落。
“A-ha,” says McCarthy, “How did he get promoted?
“啊哈，”麦卡锡说，“他是怎么升职的？
What is going on?
这是怎么回事？
This guy’s a communist.”
这家伙是共产主义者。”
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: As it turns out, Peress was promoted automatically by the Army system that Congress had approved on how you promoted medical and dental officers.
通讯社记者阿尔·斯皮瓦克：事实证明，佩雷斯是由陆军系统自动晋升的，国会已经批准了如何晋升医疗和牙科官员。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: McCarthy finally calls in the commanding officer of Camp Kilmer where Peress has been handling people’s teeth.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：麦卡锡终于请来了基尔默营的指挥官，佩雷斯一直在那里处理人们的牙齿。
This is a Brigadier General Ralph Zwicker, who is a war hero from the Second World War, a very highly respected officer, and McCarthy wants to get from him the names of all the military officials who’d been involved in promoting Peress.
这是拉尔夫·茨威克准将，他是第二次世界大战的战争英雄，也是一位德高望重的军官，麦卡锡想从他那里得到所有参与提拔佩雷斯的军事官员的名字。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: President Eisenhower had an executive order that said that information about these loyalty boards, the men who serves on them, and papers that they generate, is executive privilege.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：艾森豪威尔总统有一项行政命令，规定有关这些忠诚委员会、其成员以及他们生成的文件的信息属于行政特权。
They're not going to turn it over to the legislative branch.
他们不会将其移交给立法部门。
They don’t want to smear people who shouldn’t be attacked.
他们不想抹黑不应该受到攻击的人。
And General Zwicker says, “I can't help you.”
茨威克将军说：“我帮不了你。”
General Zwicker: : All files, all information, were available to him except that information contained in the classified personnel file of Peress.
茨威克将军：：除了佩雷斯的机密人事档案中包含的信息外，所有文件、所有信息都对他开放。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I said, "Then general, you should be removed from any command….
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我说，“那么将军，你应该被解除任何指挥权……”
Are you enjoying this abuse of the general?
你享受这种对将军的谩骂吗？
Any man who has been given the honor of being promoted to general, and who says, 'I will protect another general who protects communists,' is not fit to wear that uniform, General." (Applause)
任何有幸晋升为将军的人，如果说‘我将保护另一位保护共产党人的将军’，那么他就不适合穿那套制服，将军。” （掌声）
Beverly Gage, Historian: The Army is Eisenhower’s institution and, at that moment, he really begins to send signals, to hold secret meetings, to organize the bringing down of Joe McCarthy.
历史学家贝弗利·盖奇：陆军是艾森豪威尔的机构，从那一刻起，他才真正开始发出信号，召开秘密会议，组织推翻乔·麦卡锡。
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow: Good evening.
默罗：晚上好。
Tonight’s See it Now devotes its entire half hour to a report on Senator Joseph R.
今晚的《立即观看》用了整整半个小时来报道参议员约瑟夫·R·肯尼迪 (Joseph R.
McCarthy.
麦卡锡。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: On March 9, 1954, Edward R.
托马斯·多尔蒂 (Thomas Doherty)，媒体历史学家：1954 年 3 月 9 日，Edward R.
Murrow, the patron saint of broadcast news, lets loose with all cannons on Senator Joseph McCarthy.
广播新闻的守护神默罗对参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡发起了猛烈攻击。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: The episode, had been in the can mostly complete for several weeks.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：这一集已经完成了几周。
Why does he unload on March 9th?
为什么他要在3月9日卸货？
My thinking is that Edward R.
我的想法是爱德华 R.
Murrow got some kind of informal signal from the Eisenhower administration, that this week in March, is the week in which McCarthy’s career will basically be orchestrated to be over.
默罗从艾森豪威尔政府那里得到了某种非正式的信号，即三月的这一周，麦卡锡的职业生涯基本上将在这一周结束。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: Murrow was seen as a figure of unimpeachable integrity and unimpeachable patriotism and really, the ascendant broadcast figure of his age.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：默罗被视为一个无可挑剔的正直和无可挑剔的爱国主义的人物，实际上，他是他那个时代冉冉升起的广播人物。
And so when Murrow goes after McCarthy, it means something.
因此，当默罗追击麦卡锡时，这意味着一些事情。
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow: No one familiar with the history of this country can deny that congressional committees are useful.
默罗：任何熟悉这个国家历史的人都不能否认国会委员会的作用。
It is necessary to investigate before legislating, but the line between investigating and persecuting is a very fine one and the junior Senator from Wisconsin has stepped over it repeatedly.
立法之前必须进行调查，但调查和迫害之间的界限非常微妙，威斯康星州的资浅参议员已经多次跨过这条界限。
His primary achievement has been in confusing the public mind, as between the internal and the external threats of communism.
他的主要成就是混淆了公众的思想，比如共产主义的内部威胁和外部威胁。
We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty.
我们决不能将异议与不忠诚混为一谈。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: It remains probably the most famous speech in broadcast history, where he delivers in perfect diction, perfection prose, a kind of patriotic critique of McCarthy.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：这可能仍然是广播史上最著名的演讲，他以完美的措辞、完美的散文发表了对麦卡锡的爱国批评。
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow: He didn't create this situation of fear.
默罗：他没有制造这种恐惧的情况。
He merely exploited it, and rather successfully.
他只是利用了它，而且相当成功。
Cassius was right.
卡修斯是对的。
The fault dear Brutus is not in our stars, but in ourselves.
亲爱的布鲁图斯，错误不在于我们的星星，而在于我们自己。
Good night and good luck.
晚安，祝你好运。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: : The reaction is overwhelmingly positive by viewers.
媒体史学家 Thomas Doherty：观众的反应绝大多数是积极的。
Don Hewitt, who produced the show, says that at the end of the broadcast, they go across the way to get dinner at Sardi's, the famous restaurant.
该节目的制作人唐·休伊特 (Don Hewitt) 说，节目结束后，他们穿过马路去著名的 Sardi's 餐厅吃晚饭。
And as they walk in, everybody in the restaurant puts their silverware down, stands up and applauds.
当他们走进去时，餐厅里的每个人都放下银器，站起来鼓掌。
David Oshinsky, Historian: This was eighteen months after Eisenhower assumed office.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：这是艾森豪威尔就职十八个月后。
The worst of the Cold War had begun to recede.
冷战最严重的时期已经开始消退。
Stalin had died.
斯大林去世了。
The Korean fighting had ended.
朝鲜战争已经结束。
And the great fear that Americans felt about the Soviet Union had begun at least temporarily to recede.
美国人对苏联的巨大恐惧至少开始暂时消退。
It was clear that Eisenhower was no longer going to tolerate McCarthy’s behavior.
显然，艾森豪威尔不再容忍麦卡锡的行为。
And what Eisenhower did was basically to make sure that the Army released all of the information about Cohn and Schine.
艾森豪威尔所做的基本上是确保陆军公布有关科恩和沙因的所有信息。
March 11, 1954 Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: I received a phone call from another reporter, telling me that I should get to Senator John McClellan’s apartment, that another group of reporters was being invited along with me for some material.
1954 年 3 月 11 日 艾尔·斯皮瓦克 (Al Spivak)，通讯社记者：我接到另一位记者的电话，告诉我应该去参议员约翰·麦克莱伦 (John McClellan) 的公寓，并邀请另一组记者与我一起获取一些材料。
We knew something momentous was at hand.
我们知道一些重大的事情即将发生。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: There were 34 pages, and we had to copy painstakingly every word.
Al Spivak，Wire 记者：有 34 页，我们必须煞费苦心地抄写每一个字。
By the time I got out of there, it was past midnight.
等我从那里出来的时候，已经是半夜了。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: I called my office with what we then called a bulletin that the Army tonight made public charges that Roy Cohn had threatened to wreck the Army.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），通讯社记者：我打电话给我的办公室，并发布了一份我们后来称之为公告的公告，称陆军今晚公开指控罗伊·科恩威胁要摧毁陆军。
I would describe those charges as dynamite.
我将这些指控描述为炸药。
To accuse the chief counsel to a Senate investigations committee, McCarthy or anybody else, of threatening to wreck the Army is explosive.
指控参议院调查委员会的首席法律顾问麦卡锡或其他任何人威胁要摧毁陆军是爆炸性的。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Cohn’s behavior was so outrageous and McCarthy should have fired him.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：科恩的行为非常令人愤慨，麦卡锡应该解雇他。
But McCarthy did not retreat.
但麦卡锡并没有退缩。
He did not apologize.
他没有道歉。
That was not his style.
那不是他的风格。
Whenever he was hit, he hit back even harder.
每当他受到打击时，他都会更加用力地反击。
For him to have let Cohn go, would have admit that he had made a mistake.
如果他放了科恩，就等于承认自己犯了一个错误。
And he was never going to admit that.
他永远不会承认这一点。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Mccarthy had come to dramatically depend on Cohn.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：麦卡锡已经变得非常依赖科恩。
Cohn was sort of the fulcrums of these investigations.
科恩是这些调查的支点。
He was the one would subpoena the witnesses.
他是传唤证人的人。
He would be the one would who would get the information from the FBI.
他将是从联邦调查局获得信息的人。
He was the one who prepared the testimony for McCarthy, so McCarthy had a great dependence on Roy Cohn.
他是为麦卡锡准备证词的人，所以麦卡锡对罗伊·科恩有很大的依赖。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: : McCarthy, in order to defend himself against the Adams chronology, fights back with some memorandum which are phony that he claims reveal evidence that the Army has been using Schine as a hostage and that if McCarthy doesn’t back off from his attempt to investigate further into the Army, they are going to mistreat Schine in some way.
埃伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker），历史学家：：麦卡锡为了捍卫自己免受亚当斯年表的影响，用一些伪造的备忘录进行了反击，他声称这些备忘录揭示了陆军一直利用沙因作为人质的证据，并且如果麦卡锡不放弃对陆军进行进一步调查的尝试，他们就会以某种方式虐待沙因。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: So here we are.
历史学家艾伦·施雷克 (Ellen Schrecker)：我们到了。
There are two sets of charges.
有两套收费。
Somebody is lying.
有人在撒谎。
McCarthy can’t investigate himself.
麦卡锡无法调查自己。
McCarthy has to step aside and he’s replaced by Senator Karl Mundt from South Dakota.
麦卡锡必须下台，由南达科他州参议员卡尔·蒙特接替。
David Oshinsky, Historian: The Senate decided to televise the hearings and Ike was supportive.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：参议院决定对听证会进行电视直播，艾克也表示支持。
He had this intuitive sense that it was one thing to read about Joe McCarthy in the newspapers and quite another to see him in your living room every day, endlessly.
他有一种直觉，认为在报纸上读到有关乔·麦卡锡的事是一回事，而每天没完没了地在客厅里看到他又是另一回事。
Host: The ABC television network takes you now to Washington and the caucus room of the United States Senate for today’s hearing of the Senate investigation of the controversy between Senator McCarthy and the Army.
主持人：美国广播公司电视网现在带您前往华盛顿和美国参议院核心小组室，参加今天参议院对麦卡锡参议员与陆军争议调查的听证会。
Senator Stuart Symington: Very grave charges have been made against the Army, and very grave charges have been made against the chairman, the chief counsel, and the executive director of this committee.
参议员斯图尔特·赛明顿：对陆军提出了非常严重的指控，对本委员会的主席、首席法律顾问和执行董事也提出了非常严重的指控。
The charges were did Senator McCarthy and two members of his staff use improper pressure for Mr. David Schine with the Army?
指控是参议员麦卡锡和他的两名幕僚是否对军队中的戴维·希因先生施加了不当压力？
The countercharge was that there was blackmail on the part of the Army and the use of Mr. Schine as a hostage.
反方指控称，军队存在敲诈勒索行为，并利用沙因先生作为人质。
Senator Stuart Symington: The first day of the Army-McCarthy hearings was chaotic.
参议员斯图尔特·赛明顿：陆军-麦卡锡听证会的第一天很混乱。
It was pandemonium.
场面一片混乱。
It was the United States Army versus a United States senator.
这是美国陆军与美国参议员的对决。
And the room was accordingly reflective of that.
房间也相应地反映了这一点。
Reporter: We have learned that the spectators that are crowding into this huge caucus room constitute the largest crowd that has yet made its appearance on Capitol Hill to take advantage of the very few seats, comparatively, and the very small amount of standing room, comparatively, that is available to the spectators that wish to crowd in here to the caucus room to see this hearing in action.
记者：我们了解到，挤进这个巨大的核心会议室的观众是迄今为止出现在国会山的最大人群，他们利用相对较少的座位和相对较少的站立空间，为那些希望涌入核心会议室观看听证会的观众提供了机会。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: Senator Karl Mundt was the presiding officer of the Army-McCarthy hearings because he was number two to McCarthy among the Republicans on the committee.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），电讯报记者：参议员卡尔·蒙特（Karl Mundt）是陆军-麦卡锡听证会的主持人，因为他在委员会中的共和党人中排名第二。
McCarthy sat at one end of the table with Cohn on one side.
麦卡锡坐在桌子的一端，科恩坐在一侧。
At the end of the table, Joe Welch, the Army counsel was there.
陆军法律顾问乔·韦尔奇坐在桌子的最后面。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: Joseph Welch has a sharp legal mind, but most damningly for McCarthy, he has an acute sense of humor and just really perfect comic timing.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：约瑟夫·韦尔奇（Joseph Welch）拥有敏锐的法律头脑，但对麦卡锡来说最可恶的是，他具有敏锐的幽默感和非常完美的喜剧时机。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Counsel, for my benefit, define, I think you might be an expert on that, define pixie.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：律师，为了我的利益，定义一下小精灵，我想你可能是这方面的专家。
Attorney Joseph Welch: I should say, I should say Mr. Senator, that a pixie is a close relative of a fairy.
约瑟夫·韦尔奇律师：参议员先生，我应该说，小精灵是仙女的近亲。
Shall I proceed, sir?
我要继续吗，先生？
Have I enlightened you?
我启发你了吗？
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: The rumors that there had been about Cohn and McCarthy, that was sort of a little bit of McCarthyism being practiced by Welch at that time.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），《连线》记者：关于科恩和麦卡锡的传言，有点像韦尔奇当时所实行的麦卡锡主义。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Joe Welch was an absolute shark at these hearings.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：在这些听证会上，乔·韦尔奇（Joe Welch）绝对是个鲨鱼。
And when you see the give and take between McCarthy and Welch and among McCarthy, Welch, and Cohn, at these hearings, what you see is a Joe McCarthy who’s about to explode.
当你在这些听证会上看到麦卡锡和韦尔奇之间以及麦卡锡、韦尔奇和科恩之间的妥协时，你看到的是一个即将爆发的乔·麦卡锡。
He’s working long hours.
他工作时间很长。
He has a history of drinking.
他有饮酒史。
And for the first time, he actually has an adversary who is getting the better of him and getting under his skin.
这是他第一次真正遇到一个对手，这个对手正在超越他并激怒他。
I mean he was, basically, on trial there.
我的意思是他基本上在那里受审。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: These hearings were the chance for the nation to see Joe McCarthy really at work.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：这些听证会是全国人民看到乔·麦卡锡真正发挥作用的机会。
Now, they’d seen McCarthy in snippets in the hearings before.
现在，他们在之前的听证会上见过麦卡锡的片段。
The evening news programs would often show a little bit of McCarthy but it’s only a minute or two.
晚间新闻节目经常会出现一些麦卡锡的内容，但只有一两分钟。
But here is Joe McCarthy for hours and hours in front of the TV screens acting like Joe McCarthy.
但乔·麦卡锡在电视屏幕前好几个小时都表现得像乔·麦卡锡一样。
David Oshinsky, Historian: As the pressure gets revved up, he begins to drink more.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：随着压力的增加，他开始喝更多的酒。
His friends said, “You know, if you looked carefully all of Joe’s big mistakes occurred later in the afternoon,” in other words, after a liquid lunch.
他的朋友们说，“你知道，如果你仔细观察，乔的所有重大错误都发生在下午晚些时候，”换句话说，是在一顿液体午餐之后。
Symington: Senator McCarthy I resent that reference to my first name.
赛明顿：麦卡锡参议员，我对提到我的名字感到不满。
You better go to a psychiatrist.
你最好去看心理医生。
I want no psychological bribes from you.
我不想从你那里得到心理贿赂。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: He’s bullying, and he’s outrageous, and he’s humorless.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：他恃强凌弱，他无耻，而且毫无幽默感。
And, you know, the nation is somewhat shocked.
而且，你知道，整个国家都有些震惊。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: You’re not fooling anyone.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：你骗不了任何人。
You’re not fooling anyone, Mister Symington.
你骗不了任何人，赛明顿先生。
You’re not fooling anyone.
你没有欺骗任何人。
I have offered to go before any committee.
我已提出愿意参加任何委员会的会议。
Do anything you ask.
做任何你要求的事。
If I can just get you to come down here and take the oath so we can get the answers to some questions.
如果我能让你来这里宣誓，这样我们就能得到一些问题的答案。
You’re not, you’re not, fooling anyone at all.
你没有，你没有，根本没有欺骗任何人。
I’m sure of that.
我确信这一点。
Senator Stuart Symington: Senator, Senator let me tell you something.
参议员斯图尔特·赛明顿：参议员，参议员让我告诉你一些事情。
Senator Stuart Symington: The American people have had a look at you for six weeks.
参议员斯图尔特·赛明顿：美国人民已经关注你六个星期了。
You’re not fooling anyone either.
你也没有欺骗任何人。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: This is the greatest courtroom drama ever, and it just riveted the nation.
唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie），参议院历史学家：这是有史以来最伟大的法庭戏剧，它吸引了整个国家。
Mothers who never watched TV during the day were glued to watching the Army-McCarthy hearings.
白天从不看电视的母亲们都沉迷于观看陆军-麦卡锡听证会。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: The television moment of the Army-McCarthy hearings that has lived in memory ever since is the famous moment on June 9th, 1954.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体历史学家：1954 年 6 月 9 日的著名时刻是陆军-麦卡锡听证会的电视时刻，这一时刻一直留在人们的记忆中。
When McCarthy decides to violate an agreement that Cohn and Welch had come to before the hearings.
当麦卡锡决定违反科恩和韦尔奇在听证会前达成的协议时。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Roy Cohn, although of perfect draft age, had managed to avoid the Korean War and the draft afterwards.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：罗伊·科恩虽然已经到了最佳的征兵年龄，但却设法避免了朝鲜战争和之后的征兵。
It was kind of astonishing.
这有点令人惊讶。
Joe Welch said, “Fine, I will never bring up your draft status, but we have a problem of our own.
乔·韦尔奇说：“好吧，我永远不会提起你的选秀状况，但我们有自己的问题。
We have a young attorney named Fred Fisher who was a member of a communist front group while he was at Harvard Law School and we brought him down to work on the committee.
我们有一位年轻的律师，名叫弗雷德·费舍尔（Fred Fisher），他在哈佛法学院就读时是共产主义阵线组织的成员，我们让他在委员会工作。
We decided that because of his past we would send him home and I would appreciate it if you would never bring up Fred Fisher.
我们决定，因为他的过去，我们将把他送回家，如果你永远不提起弗雷德·费舍尔，我将不胜感激。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: Throughout most of that afternoon, Roy Cohn and Joseph Welch had been having, you know, your basic nasty lawyerly argument and Cohn’s OK with it.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体史学家：那天下午的大部分时间里，罗伊·科恩和约瑟夫·韦尔奇一直在进行基本的令人讨厌的律师争论，科恩对此表示同意。
Roy Cohn: Mr. Welch, sir, with great respect, I work for the committee here.
罗伊·科恩：韦尔奇先生，先生，我非常尊敬，我在这里为委员会工作。
They know how we go about handling situations of communist infiltration and failure to act on FBI information about communist infiltration.
他们知道我们如何处理共产主义渗透的情况以及未能对联邦调查局有关共产主义渗透的信息采取行动的情况。
Attorney Joseph Welch: May I add my small voice, sir, and say whenever you know about a subversive or a communist or a spy, please hurry.
约瑟夫·韦尔奇律师：先生，请允许我用我的小声音说，每当你知道有颠覆分子、共产主义者或间谍时，请快点。
Will you remember those words?
你会记住这些话吗？
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: But McCarthy gets so angry at Welch’s badgering of Roy Cohn that he blurts out the name of Fred Fisher.
托马斯·多尔蒂，媒体史学家：但麦卡锡对韦尔奇纠缠罗伊·科恩感到非常愤怒，以至于他脱口而出弗雷德·费舍尔的名字。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: In view of Mr. Welch’s request that, I think we should tell him that he has in his law firm a young man named Fischer, who has been for a number of years a member of an organization which is named, oh years and years ago, as the legal bulwark of the Communist Party.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：鉴于韦尔奇先生的要求，我认为我们应该告诉他，他的律师事务所里有一个名叫费舍尔的年轻人，他多年来一直是一个组织的成员，哦，很多年前，这个组织被称为共产党的合法堡垒。
Now I have hesitated bringing that up, but I have been rather bored with your phony requests to Mr. Cohn here.
现在我犹豫是否要提出这个问题，但我对你在这里向科恩先生提出的虚假请求感到相当厌倦。
Attorney Joseph Welch: Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad.
约瑟夫·韦尔奇律师：我没想到你会如此鲁莽和残忍，以至于伤害了那个小伙子。
It is true he is still with Hale and Dorr.
确实，他仍然和黑尔和多尔在一起。
It is true that he will continue to be with Hale and Dorr.
确实，他将继续与黑尔和多尔在一起。
It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bare a scar needlessly inflicted by you.
我很遗憾地说，同样真实的是，我担心他会永远带着你不必要地造成的伤疤。
David Oshinsky, Historian: You look at Roy Cohn’s face and you will see him go, “Oh, my God, no, please, no.” But McCarthy won’t stop.
大卫·奥辛斯基，历史学家：你看着罗伊·科恩的脸，你会看到他说：“哦，我的上帝，不，拜托，不。”但麦卡锡不会停止。
He keeps attacking.
他不断进攻。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I want to say Mr. Welch, that it has been labeled long before he became a member, as early as 1944.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我想说韦尔奇先生，早在他成为议员之前，早在 1944 年，它就已经被贴上标签了。
Attorney Joseph Welch: Senator, may we not drop this?
约瑟夫·韦尔奇律师：参议员，我们可以不要放弃这个吗？
I did you, I think, no personal injury, Mr. Cohn.
我想，我对你没有造成人身伤害，科恩先生。
Attorney Joseph Welch: And if I did, I beg your pardon.
约瑟夫·韦尔奇律师：如果我这样做了，请您原谅。
Let us not assassinate this lad further, senator.
让我们不要进一步暗杀这个小伙子，参议员。
You’ve done enough.
你已经做得够多了。
Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?
先生，你终于没有礼貌了吗？
Have you left no sense of decency?
难道你就没有一点正直的感觉了吗？
David Oshinsky, Historian: You could see, Joe McCarthy going, “What did I do?
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），历史学家：你可以看到，乔·麦卡锡（Joe McCarthy）说道：“我做了什么？
What did I do?” Joe Welch literally has a tear in his eye.
我做了什么？乔·韦尔奇眼里确实含着泪水。
David Oshinsky, Historian: This was seen as spontaneous.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：这被认为是自发的。
In fact, Welch had been thinking of this for months.
事实上，韦尔奇几个月来一直在思考这个问题。
Jim St. Claire who was second in command to Joe Welch, said, “We walked out the side door.
乔·韦尔奇的二把手吉姆·圣克莱尔说：“我们从侧门走出去。
The door closed behind us.
门在我们身后关上了。
He winked at me and said, ‘How did I do?’” And they said, “Great.
他向我眨了眨眼，问道：‘我做得怎么样？’”他们说：“太好了。
You did great.”
你做得很棒。”
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: The fact that McCarthy really didn’t seem to have any sense of decency and the fact that he had been caught publicly in lies over the course of these six weeks, the public’s capacity to trust him, the belief that he was engaged in this anti-communist crusade as some sort of earnest attempt to protect American society as opposed to a demagogic bullying spree.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：事实上，麦卡锡似乎确实没有任何正派意识，而且他在这六周的时间里被公开撒谎，公众对他的信任能力，相信他参与这场反共运动是为了保护美国社会，而不是煽动性的欺凌狂潮。
At the end of it, I think all the illusions, the comfortable illusions that McCarthy had cultivated about himself have effectively been dispelled.
最后，我认为麦卡锡对自己产生的所有幻想、舒适的幻想都被有效地驱散了。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: It was as if the entire country had been waiting for somebody to finally say this line, “Have you no sense of decency?” to Senator McCarthy.
媒体历史学家托马斯·多尔蒂：就好像整个国家都在等待有人最终说出这句话：“你没有正派观念吗？”麦卡锡参议员。
That’s the moment where McCarthy incinerates himself on national TV.
就在那时，麦卡锡在国家电视台上自焚。
It’s the moment, which the dragon that is Joseph McCarthy, is finally slain.
这一刻，约瑟夫·麦卡锡这条龙终于被杀死了。
Mundt: Having heard every pertinent witness who has requested to be heard and having heard every witness requested by any of the counsels to the entities in this dispute, the Chair declares these hearings adjourned, sine die.
Mundt：在听取了要求听取意见的每一位相关证人的证词，并听取了本次争端中实体的任何律师所要求的每一位证人的证词后，主席宣布听证会无限期休会。
David Oshinsky, Historian: After 36 days of hearings and literally thousands of pages of testimony, the committee concluded that senator McCarthy had failed to exert sufficient discipline on his staff and that the army secretary Robert Stevens had failed to exercise his responsibilities.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：经过 36 天的听证会和数千页的证词，委员会得出结论认为，参议员麦卡锡未能对其工作人员实施足够的纪律，陆军部长罗伯特·史蒂文斯也未能履行其职责。
The principal actors pretty much had their wrists slapped.
主要演员几乎都被打了手腕。
There really were no formal penalties.
确实没有正式的处罚。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: McCarthy is ultimately brought down by moderate Republicans.
历史学家埃伦·施雷克：麦卡锡最终被温和的共和党人打倒了。
It’s exemplified by a rather low key senator from Vermont named Ralph Flanders who begins to speak up against McCarthy, describing his adventures against the Army, saying, “He dons his war paint, he goes into his war dance, he emits war whoops and emerges with a scalp of a pink dentist.” Eventually, Flanders put a motion for censure on the Senate floor.
佛蒙特州一位名叫拉尔夫·弗兰德斯（Ralph Flanders）的低调参议员就是一个例子，他开始公开反对麦卡锡，描述了他对抗陆军的冒险经历，他说：“他穿上战争油漆，跳起战争舞蹈，发出战争呼喊，出现时带着粉红色牙医的头皮。”最终，弗兰德斯向参议院提出了谴责动议。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: A committee was formed to act on the motion.
Al Spivak，Wire 记者：成立了一个委员会来就该动议采取行动。
It was headed by Senator Arthur Watkins of Utah, a very straight-laced, straight-shooting senator.
该委员会由犹他州参议员阿瑟·沃特金斯 (Arthur Watkins) 领导，他是一位非常拘谨、直率的参议员。
He would put up with no nonsense at his hearings.
他在听证会上不会容忍任何废话。
Narrator: Senator Joseph McCarthy is the central figure in a new Washington inquiry.
旁白：参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡是华盛顿一项新调查的核心人物。
Flanked by his attorney Edward Williams, the Wisconsin legislator appears before a special Senate subcommittee to consider charges of misconduct made by fellow senators.
这位威斯康星州议员在他的律师爱德华·威廉姆斯的陪同下，出席参议院特别小组委员会的听证会，以审议其他参议员提出的不当行为指控。
Mrs. McCarthy, at left, is one of the visitors as her husband once more takes the spotlight.
麦卡锡夫人（左）是来访者之一，她的丈夫再次成为人们关注的焦点。
Thomas Doherty, Media Historian: Because McCarthy is seen as the central figurehead of the anti-communist movement, millions of Americans feel that it is McCarthy who is being persecuted for being the great anti-communist warrior.
媒体历史学家托马斯·多尔蒂：由于麦卡锡被视为反共运动的核心人物，数百万美国人认为麦卡锡因成为伟大的反共斗士而受到迫害。
Senator Joseph McCarthy: Regardless, and I make you this solemn promise, regardless of what the Senate may do about a censure, this fight to expose those who would destroy this nation, will go on and on.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：无论如何，我向你们郑重承诺，无论参议院对谴责采取什么行动，这场揭露那些摧毁这个国家的人的斗争将会继续下去。
[Applause]
[鼓掌]
Singer: Nobody’s for McCarthy but the people And we just love our Joe Nobody’s for McCarthy but the people Our votes will tell him so
歌手：除了人民，没有人支持麦卡锡 我们只是爱我们的乔 除了人民，没有人支持麦卡锡 我们的选票会告诉他这一点
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: There are some people who are never going to part with the idea that Joseph McCarthy represented maybe some sort of truculent patriotism.
杰拉尼·科布（Jelani Cobb），记者：有些人永远不会放弃约瑟夫·麦卡锡可能代表某种残暴爱国主义的想法。
But the general tide of public opinion goes in the opposite direction.
但舆论的总体趋势却与此相反。
Ellen Schrecker, Historian: After weeks of hearings and discussions, they finally get to the censure vote.
历史学家艾伦·施雷克（Ellen Schrecker）：经过数周的听证会和讨论，他们终于进行了谴责投票。
And the vote comes down 67 to 22.
投票结果为 67 比 22。
All the Democrats who were there voted for censure.
所有在场的民主党人都投了谴责票。
And the Republicans are split in half, 22 on each side.
共和党则分成两半，双方 22 人。
And that’s it.
就是这样。
Jelani Cobb, Journalist: By 1954, it’s very difficult to pretend that McCarthy is anything other than what he is.
Jelani Cobb，记者：到 1954 年，很难假装麦卡锡不是他本来的样子。
There’s a kind of recognition that goes across party lines that McCarthy is a demagogue and that he’s bad for the country.
人们有一种跨越党派界限的认识，认为麦卡锡是一个煽动者，他对国家不利。
The Senate vote to censure him is the legislative conclusion that the public had already largely drawn.
参议院投票谴责他是公众已经基本得出的立法结论。
Reporter: How does it feel to be a condemned senator?
记者：作为一名被谴责的参议员感觉如何？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I feel no different tonight then I did last night.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：今晚我感觉和昨晚没有什么不同。
I am very happy to have this circus ended so that we can get back to the work of digging out communism, corruption, treason in government.
我很高兴这场闹剧结束，这样我们就可以重新开始挖掘政府中的共产主义、腐败和叛国行为。
Reporter: Senator, do you feel you have not been censured in this action?
记者：参议员，您觉得您的这一行为没有受到谴责吗？
Senator Joseph McCarthy: I wouldn’t say that, uh, today was a vote of confidence.
参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡：我不会说，呃，今天是一次信任投票。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: The United States Senate is a very collegial institution.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：美国参议院是一个非常合议的机构。
And to be censured by your colleagues is actually a pretty devastating thing politically and socially.
受到同事的谴责实际上在政治和社会上都是一件相当具有破坏性的事情。
It has no effect on your seniority, your committee assignments, it doesn’t change your ability to vote or do anything else as a senator.
它不会影响你的资历、你的委员会任务，也不会改变你作为参议员投票或做任何其他事情的能力。
But it is a formal rebuke by the members of the senate.
但这是参议院成员的正式谴责。
And McCarthy never quite recovered from that.
麦卡锡再也没有从这件事中完全恢复过来。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: McCarthy made speeches on the senate floor.
艾尔·斯皮瓦克（Al Spivak），通讯社记者：麦卡锡在参议院发表演讲。
His colleagues found that as a good moment to go to the cloakroom or back to their offices.
他的同事们发现这是去衣帽间或返回办公室的好时机。
People just stop paying much attention to him to be very frank about it.
人们只是不再关注他而变得非常坦率。
David Oshinsky, Historian: Once McCarthy was censured, the press began to ignore him.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基：麦卡锡受到谴责后，媒体就开始忽视他。
The gravy train was over.
肉汁列车结束了。
The conveyor belt was gone.
传送带不见了。
Nobody cared.
没人关心。
He couldn’t get his message out.
他无法传达他的信息。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: McCarthy brought out the complicity in American journalists, that we like the troublemaker and the rabble-rouser and the theatrical, spectacular figure who says the thing you’re not supposed to say, who breaks the rules, who disregards the facts.
萨姆·塔恩豪斯（Sam Tanenhaus），记者：麦卡锡揭露了美国记者中的同谋，我们喜欢麻烦制造者、煽动者和戏剧性的、引人注目的人物，他们说你不应该说的话，他们违反规则，他们无视事实。
That makes for really good copy.
这确实是一个很好的副本。
And that’s what happened, that’s what kept McCarthy going for a long time until it all fell apart, and then he was just discarded.
这就是发生的事情，这就是麦卡锡长期坚持下去的原因，直到一切崩溃，然后他就被抛弃了。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: Eisenhower tells his cabinet that he knew that once the publicity spigot was turned off that McCarthy would shrink.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：艾森豪威尔告诉他的内阁，他知道一旦关闭宣传水龙头，麦卡锡就会退缩。
He says, “McCarthyism has become McCarthywasm.”
他说，“麦卡锡主义已经变成了麦卡锡主义。”
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: There was an instance where President Eisenhower held a reception at the White House for all the members of the US Senate and their spouses except for Joe McCarthy and his wife.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇：有一次，艾森豪威尔总统在白宫为除乔·麦卡锡夫妇之外的所有美国参议院议员及其配偶举行招待会。
Everybody else got an invitation.
其他人都收到了邀请。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: And his chief clerk said that he would constantly ask her during the day, call my secretary and see if I’ve gotten an invitation yet.
唐纳德·里奇，参议院历史学家：他的首席书记员说，他白天会不断地问她，打电话给我的秘书，看看我是否收到了邀请。
And she would call the secretary and McCarthy’s secretary would say, “He’s not getting an invitation.
她会给秘书打电话，麦卡锡的秘书会说：“他没有收到邀请。
He should know he’s not getting an invitation.”
他应该知道他没有收到邀请。”
David Oshinsky, Historian: He stopped coming to the Senate.
历史学家大卫·奥辛斯基：他不再来参议院了。
He began suffering from all kinds of emotional ailments and physical ailments.
他开始遭受各种情感疾病和身体疾病的折磨。
He put on a lot of weight.
他体重增加了很多。
Donald Ritchie, Senate Historian: His wife, Jean Kerr, tried to get him back on a sort of solid ground.
参议院历史学家唐纳德·里奇（Donald Ritchie）：他的妻子让·克尔（Jean Kerr）试图让他重新站稳脚跟。
She tried to give him some stability in his life.
她试图给他的生活带来一些稳定。
They adopted a child.
他们收养了一个孩子。
David Oshinsky, Historian: His drinking was really now out of control.
历史学家戴维·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky）：他的酗酒现在确实已经失控了。
He was still a very young man and he went to Bethesda Hospital in 1957.
1957 年，他还是个非常年轻的人，去了贝塞斯达医院。
He died there.
他死在那里。
And it was clear that it was alcoholism that killed him.
很明显，是酗酒杀死了他。
It was cirrhosis of the liver.
这是肝硬化。
Sam Tanenhaus, Journalist: All of Washington instantly went into mourning.
记者 Sam Tanenhaus：整个华盛顿立即陷入哀悼。
The flags were lowered to half-staff in all the Capitol buildings.
所有国会大厦均降半旗。
There were two funerals in Washington DC, one at St. Matthew’s, where he’d been married.
华盛顿特区举办了两场葬礼，一场在他结婚的圣马修教堂举行。
And there was a second funeral on the floor of the Senate.
参议院举行了第二次葬礼。
The surprise was how many of his fellow senators including adversaries were the re.
令人惊讶的是，他的许多参议员同僚，包括他的对手，都参与其中。
Al Spivak, Wire Reporter: The next day, was the really key funeral.
Al Spivak，Wire 记者：第二天是真正重要的葬礼。
That was Appleton, Wisconsin.
那是威斯康星州阿普尔顿。
There were two airplanes that went.
有两架飞机起飞。
And there were a bunch of senators and congressmen who were McCarthy’s allies.
还有一群参议员和国会议员是麦卡锡的盟友。
The casket was draped in a red, white, and blue flag.
棺材上覆盖着红、白、蓝三色旗帜。
Lots of drinks were served on that airplane.
那架飞机上提供了很多饮料。
There was a poker game that went on amongst several of the senators and they played it on top of the casket covered with the flag.
几位参议员之间正在进行一场扑克游戏，他们在覆盖着旗帜的棺材上玩。
David Oshinsky, Author, A Conspiracy So Immense: I think, he is a tragic figure coming home.
大卫·奥辛斯基（David Oshinsky），《巨大的阴谋》作者：我认为，他是一个回家的悲剧人物。
Many people viewed him as a local boy who made good, a local boy who made noise, someone who made his mark on the national stage.
许多人认为他是一个做出了成绩的本地男孩，一个发出声音的本地男孩，一个在国家舞台上留下了印记的人。
Cody Splitt, Mccarthy Campaign Volunteer: Oh heavens, people would come by the hundreds to Joe’s funeral.
麦卡锡竞选志愿者科迪·斯普利特：天啊，成百上千的人们来参加乔的葬礼。
He has a million admirers here in Appleton.
他在阿普尔顿拥有一百万崇拜者。
They were mad that he’d been censured.
他们对他受到谴责感到很生气。
And they went to his funeral.
他们去参加了他的葬礼。
Cody Splitt, Mccarthy Campaign Volunteer: He was an illustrious member of the Appleton community.
科迪·斯普利特（Cody Splitt），麦卡锡竞选志愿者：他是阿普尔顿社区的杰出成员。
He did the very best he could with what the Lord gave him of talents and he used them to the good of the constituents, of the people of Wisconsin.
他利用主赋予他的才能尽了最大努力，并利用它们为威斯康星州选民谋福利。
That’s what I think of Joe.
这就是我对乔的看法。