Robert E. Lee
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (Chris Sarandon): I, Robert Edward Lee, do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States...
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：我，罗伯特·爱德华·李，郑重宣誓，我将支持美国宪法……
I do solemnly swear to bear true allegiance to the United States of America and to serve them honestly...
我郑重宣誓真正效忠美利坚合众国并诚实地为他们服务......
Narrator: From the moment he arrived at the nation's military academy in West Point, Robert Edward Lee eagerly absorbed the strict and selfless ethic of the United States Army.
旁白：从到达西点军校的那一刻起，罗伯特·爱德华·李就热切地吸收了美国陆军严格和无私的道德。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): ...and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the rules and articles of war.
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：……以及根据战争规则和条款任命的军官的命令。
Narrator: The beauty of it was, the high-minded ideals provided him a proper channel for his ardent desire for recognition.
旁白：美妙之处在于，高尚的理想为他渴望得到认可提供了适当的渠道。
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: West Point was founded to take these young men -- 16, 17, 18 years old -- and reshape them and give them a new sense of, of values, of, of honor and duty and loyalty to country.
历史学家戈登：西点军校的成立是为了重塑这些16岁、17岁、18岁的年轻人，并赋予他们新的价值观、荣誉感、责任感以及对国家的忠诚感。
It really was a pretty austere experience.
这确实是一次相当严峻的经历。
Apparently the food was awful and pretty sparse.
显然食物很糟糕而且很稀疏。
Most of the men that went there just they were happy to literally survive it.
大多数去那里的人只是很高兴能够幸存下来。
But Robert E.
但罗伯特·E.
Lee seemed to thrive there.
李似乎在那里茁壮成长。
There were opportunities to, to really show yourself in front of men and be tested.
有机会在男人面前真正展示自己并接受考验。
Michael Fellman, Historian: He was always aware of the impression he was making.
迈克尔·费尔曼，历史学家：他总是意识到自己给人留下的印象。
He was a deeply perfectionist person who had an image of who he ought to be.
他是一个极度完美主义的人，对自己应该成为什么样的人有自己的形象。
He would try extremely hard to be a paragon.
他会非常努力地成为一个典范。
And he wanted to shine.
他想要发光发热。
Narrator: Cadet Lee was mindful of his personal talents, and of his place in the world.
旁白：李学员很注重自己的个人才能以及自己在世界上的地位。
He was born into the Virginia aristocracy: his extended clan included a president, a chief justice of the United States, signers of the Declaration of Independence.
他出生于弗吉尼亚贵族：他的大家族包括一位总统、一位美国首席大法官、《独立宣言》的签署人。
And Lee's own father had been one of the nation's most celebrated Revolutionary War heroes.
李的父亲是美国最著名的革命战争英雄之一。
As a daring young cavalry commander, Light Horse Harry Lee had won the esteem of General George Washington and a medal of honor from the Continental Congress.
作为一名勇敢的年轻骑兵指挥官，轻骑兵哈利·李赢得了乔治·华盛顿将军的尊敬，并获得了大陆会议的荣誉勋章。
Even at 18, Robert E.
即使年仅 18 岁，罗伯特·E.
Lee carried himself as if the command of men was his destiny...
李表现得好像指挥人类就是他的命运……
as well as his duty.
以及他的职责。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: I'm personally struck by how many of his peers were just impressed by his physical presence alone.
卡迈克尔（Carmichael），历史学家：我个人对他的许多同龄人仅对他的实际存在印象深刻感到震惊。
When he walked into a room I think that there was a sense of dignity and seriousness that immediately got the attention of those around him.
当他走进一个房间时，我认为有一种尊严和严肃的感觉，立即引起了周围人的注意。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: People remember that when he would give them a little nod of approval or somehow show that he thought that they were doing a good job, that they felt as if Jove had come down from Olympus and given him a sign of his greatness.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔，传记作者：人们记得，当他向他们微微点头表示认可或以某种方式表明他认为他们做得很好时，他们感觉好像朱庇特从奥林匹斯山上下来，向他展示了他的伟大。
Narrator: Lee went through the academy with sober and single-minded purpose.
旁白：李带着清醒和一心一意的目标进入了学院。
When his fellow cadets went out carousing, or got liquored up in their rooms, Lee worked: French, applied mathematics, mechanical drawing, topographical engineering, artillery.
当他的学员们外出狂欢或在房间里喝醉时，李就工作：法语、应用数学、机械制图、地形工程、炮兵。
He let nothing slip.
他什么也没有漏掉。
Every day, for four years, Lee bent himself to attaining the top spot in his class at West Point.
四年来，李每天都致力于在西点军校获得班上的第一名。
"Number one," he would later write.
“第一，”他后来写道。
"It is a fine number.
“这是一个很好的数字。
Easily found and remembered."
很容易找到并记住。”
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He was a naturally self-disciplined person but of course it was part of his ethos also, duty, self-discipline, denial and achievement.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor），传记作家：他是一个天生自律的人，但这当然也是他精神气质的一部分：责任、自律、否认和成就。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: He was one of six cadets in his graduating class who received no demerits.
格拉塔尔，历史学家：他是毕业班中六名没有被记过的学员之一。
He scored perfectly in artillery and in infantry and in cavalry.
他在炮兵、步兵和骑兵方面都取得了完美的成绩。
His math scores were superb.
他的数学成绩非常好。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: I think Lee's peers at West Point had mixed feelings about him.
加拉格尔，历史学家：我认为李在西点军校的同僚对他有着复杂的感情。
I think that many of them admired him but it would be hard not to admire someone who did so well; did so well in his class work; did so well in terms of behaving according to the Academy's rules.
我认为他们中的很多人都钦佩他，但很难不钦佩一个表现如此出色的人；他的课堂作业做得很好；在遵守学院规则方面表现得很好。
But I think others saw him as perhaps a little bit over-the-top in that regard.
但我认为其他人认为他在这方面可能有点过分了。
They called him the Marble Model, some of them did.
他们称他为“大理石模型”，有些人确实这么称呼他。
And I don't think that's an entirely flattering epithet.
我不认为这是一个完全奉承的绰号。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): Do you ever think of me, my own sweet Mary?
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：你有没有想过我，我亲爱的玛丽？
And how much do you want to see me?
你有多想见我？
Not half as much as I want to see you .
还没有我想见你的一半。
.
。
.
。
I declare I cannot wait any longer .
我声明我不能再等了。
.
。
.
。
Narrator: At 22, Second Lieutenant Robert E.
旁白：22 岁的少尉 Robert E.
Lee set his sights on a bride to match his idea of himself and his future.
李把目光投向了一位新娘，以符合他对自己和未来的想法。
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: Mary Custis really came from what I would call Virginia royalty.
历史学家戈登：玛丽·卡斯蒂斯确实来自我所说的弗吉尼亚皇室。
Now Lee himself did come from very good sort of bloodlines.
现在李本人确实出身于非常优良的血统。
But hers are much cleaner and to have any kind of claim to George Washington and Virginia that's just instant gold.
但她的干净得多，对乔治华盛顿和弗吉尼亚有任何形式的主张，这都是速成金。
Narrator: Mary Custis was the great-granddaughter of George and Martha Washington; her inheritance included thousands of acres of prime Virginia land, nearly 200 slaves, and a main estate high on a hill near Washington City: Arlington.
旁白：玛丽·卡斯蒂斯是乔治·华盛顿和玛莎·华盛顿的曾孙女。她继承的遗产包括数千英亩的弗吉尼亚优质土地、近 200 名奴隶，以及华盛顿市附近一座小山上的主要庄园：阿灵顿。
From that perch across the Potomac, her family peered down on the White House, and the Capitol building.
从波托马克河对岸的那个高处，她的家人俯瞰着白宫和国会大厦。
For 30 years, Presidents had made pilgrimage to Arlington to dine with the Custises on George Washington's china.
30 年来，历届总统都会前往阿灵顿朝圣，与 Custise 家族一起用乔治·华盛顿的瓷器进餐。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: Mary was really not easy to woo.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor），传记作者：玛丽真的不容易追求。
She called herself an impregnable fortress.
她称自己是一座坚不可摧的堡垒。
Robert was so nervous around her that he got his younger sister to pass messages to her rather than give them himself.
罗伯特在她身边非常紧张，他让妹妹给她传递信息，而不是自己给她传递信息。
And one of his brothers had to send him a little 'buck up' poem that started out saying, if you want to win the fair maiden you must be brave because only the brave deserve the fair.
他的一个兄弟不得不给他寄了一首小诗，开头是这样说的：如果你想赢得美丽的少女，你必须勇敢，因为只有勇敢的人才配得上公平。
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: When Robert began to court Mary it seems apparent that Mary's father, George Parke Custis, was not very keen on this match.
戈登，历史学家：当罗伯特开始向玛丽求爱时，很明显玛丽的父亲乔治·帕克·卡斯蒂斯对这场比赛不太热衷。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: He was afraid that this young lieutenant was going to marry his daughter primarily for her for her money.
托马斯，传记作者：他担心这位年轻的中尉会娶他的女儿，主要是为了她的钱。
Narrator: The Second Lieutenant knew what he was up against.
旁白：少尉知道他面临的是什么。
Lee's father may have been a war hero, but that wasn't the whole story.
李的父亲可能是一位战争英雄，但这并不是故事的全部。
Sordid tales of Light-Horse Harry Lee had been at large among the elite of the Virginia Tidewater for a generation.
轻马哈利·李的肮脏故事在弗吉尼亚潮水号的精英阶层中流传了整整一代人。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: He managed to lose an extraordinary amount of money in land deals and many of these deals were working with other people's money.
托马斯，传记作家：他在土地交易中损失了巨额资金，其中许多交易都是用别人的钱进行的。
He had the distinction of having written George Washington a bad check.
他曾给乔治华盛顿开过一张空头支票。
He wrote his own father a bad check.
他给自己的父亲开了一张空头支票。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: He had lost the family fortune; he'd lost the ancestral home at Stratford; he ended up in debtor's prison.
加拉格尔，历史学家：他失去了家族财产；他失去了斯特拉特福的祖屋；他最终被关进了债务人的监狱。
Narrator: "Should I be able to escape the sins into which my father has fallen," Lee wrote to Mary, "I hope the blame which is justly his due, will not be laid to me."
旁白：“如果我能够逃脱我父亲所犯下的罪孽，”李在给玛丽的信中写道，“我希望他应得的责备不会归咎于我。”
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): ...
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：...
And I am so black and handsome and my nose so red and fingers so white and tapering, Oh you will admire to see them.
我是那么黑那么英俊，我的鼻子那么红，手指那么白，那么细，哦，看到它们你会钦佩的。
But I wonder if you are as anxious as I am....
但我不知道你是否和我一样着急......
Michael Fellman, Historian: Certainly he had the right breeding and that was a good thing.
历史学家迈克尔·费尔曼：当然，他有正确的血统，这是一件好事。
And he was stunningly handsome which Mary probably noticed.
玛丽可能注意到了他的英俊得惊人。
He had beautiful hair and sparkling eyes.
他有一头美丽的头发和闪闪发光的眼睛。
And as a young man he had an ebullient manner actually.
作为一个年轻人，他实际上有一种热情洋溢的态度。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): Is there no way for me to get there again?
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：我没有办法再去那里吗？
To read to you, walk with you, ride with you ...
读书给你听，陪你散步，陪你骑车……
And now my sweet Mary, you know what I would say to you if I was there, but I cannot write it.
现在，我亲爱的玛丽，你知道如果我在那里我会对你说什么，但我写不出来。
Mary Custis (Kara Jackson): I wish you were here today to amuse me while I am sitting for my portrait.
玛丽·卡斯蒂斯（卡拉·杰克逊）：我希望你今天在我坐着拍肖像时能逗我开心。
Indeed I wish for you very often though I am still content.
事实上，我经常希望你，尽管我仍然很满足。
Narrator: The courtship never did get easy.
旁白：求爱从来都不是一件容易的事。
Mary refused at least one of Robert's marriage proposals.
玛丽至少拒绝了罗伯特的一项求婚。
But when she finally succumbed, her father fell in line.
但当她最终屈服时，她的父亲也同意了。
Unlike Mr. Custis, Mary's mother saw the capable young soldier as a perfect addition to the family, and she hoped her new son-in-law might take control of the farming operation from her own flighty husband.
与卡斯蒂斯先生不同，玛丽的母亲认为这位能干的年轻士兵是家庭的完美补充，她希望她的新女婿能从她轻浮的丈夫手中接管农业经营。
Lee declined the offer.
李拒绝了这个提议。
Fame and glory did not often attach themselves to farmers, no matter how wealthy.
无论农民多么富有，名誉和荣耀并不经常附着在他们身上。
Lee explained his decision otherwise.
李另外解释了他的决定。
His sworn duty, he would often remind his new wife, was that of professional soldier.
他经常提醒他的新婚妻子，他的宣誓职责是职业军人。
Narrator: Robert E.
叙述者：罗伯特·E.
Lee's precise professionalism and orderly intellect made him what the military most needed in the 1830s and 1840s: a gifted civil engineer.
李精确的专业精神和井然有序的才智使他成为 1830 年代和 1840 年代军方最需要的人：一位才华横溢的土木工程师。
He redirected a major river, fortified harbors, defied tides and storms to build new forts.
他改变了一条主要河流的方向，加固了港口，抵御潮汐和风暴，建造了新的堡垒。
Duty kept him on the move: Savannah, Hampton Roads, Baltimore, St. Louis, New York.
职责让他不断奔波：萨凡纳、汉普顿路、巴尔的摩、圣路易斯、纽约。
Mary tried to follow at first, but a brief taste of camp life made her reluctant to leave her father's comfortable Virginia plantation.
玛丽起初试图跟随，但短暂的营地生活让她不愿意离开她父亲舒适的弗吉尼亚种植园。
The Lees were together enough between 1832 and 1845 to conceive three sons -- Custis, Rooney and Rob -- and four daughters -- Mary, Annie, Agnes and Mildred.
1832 年至 1845 年间，李夫妇生下了三个儿子——卡斯蒂斯、鲁尼和罗布，以及四个女儿——玛丽、安妮、艾格尼丝和米尔德里德。
The Lee children grew up at their Grandfather's plantation, tended by the family's numerous slaves.
李家的孩子们在祖父的种植园长大，由家族众多的奴隶照料。
Mary Lee wrote to friends of the fragrant gardens, with the woodbine and the roses in bloom, the dense forest that backed the house, "the sweet green shades of Arlington."
玛丽·李写信给那些芬芳的花园的朋友们，花园里有苦藤和盛开的玫瑰，房子后面有茂密的森林，“阿灵顿的甜蜜绿色阴影。”
Mary Custis (Kara Jackson): My dear Caroline...
玛丽·卡斯蒂斯（卡拉·杰克逊）：我亲爱的卡罗琳……
We are all very much as you left us with the addition of Mr. Lee to our circle, but this happiness we are always expecting to be deprived of as he will probably be obliged to go North on Engineer duty.
我们都很像你离开我们时，李先生加入了我们的圈子，但我们总是希望这种幸福被剥夺，因为他可能不得不去北方履行工程师职责。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): My dear daughter -- when I come home we must have such little concerts composed of my sons & daughters.
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：我亲爱的女儿——当我回家时，我们一定要举办由我的儿子和女儿们组成的小型音乐会。
You must be the Prima Donna, Custis the Tenor & Rooney the bass.
你一定是首席唐娜、男高音卡斯蒂斯和男低音鲁尼。
But who shall be the nightingale?
但谁会是夜莺呢？
Rob or Mildred?
罗布还是米尔德丽德？
I expect it will be Rob.
我预计会是罗布。
For if he can sing as sweet as he looks, all music would be a creaking cartwheel to him...
因为如果他能像他看起来那样甜美地唱歌，所有的音乐对他来说都将是吱吱作响的侧手翻……
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: Lee seemed to want to be a present father through his letters although he couldn't always physically be there.
戈登，历史学家：李似乎想通过他的信件成为一名现在的父亲，尽管他不能总是亲自在那里。
And they are very detailed.
而且它们非常详细。
It seems what he's writing are the things that he wished that he could be telling them in person.
看来他写的都是他希望能亲自告诉他们的事情。
And they do show an extremely loving and affectionate father.
他们确实表现出了一位非常慈爱和深情的父亲。
But you also get a sense from those letters of the, of a real pain that Lee felt from those separations.
但你也可以从这些信中感受到李因这些分离而感受到的真正痛苦。
Narrator: Mary Lee never fully understood her husband's willingness to sacrifice time with his family, but she did learn it was unwise to press him.
旁白：玛丽·李从来没有完全理解她丈夫愿意牺牲与家人在一起的时间，但她确实知道逼迫他是不明智的。
Near the end of a tough pregnancy, when she asked him to take a leave and return home, he lashed out: "Why do you...
在艰难的怀孕即将结束时，当她要求他请假回家时，他猛烈抨击道：“你为什么……
endeavour to get me excused from the performance of a duty imposed on me by my Profession," he wrote, "for the pure gratification of private feelings?"
试图让我免除履行我的职业强加给我的义务，”他写道，“纯粹是为了私人感情的满足？”
For his part, Lee was never entirely at home at Arlington.
就李而言，他在阿灵顿从未完全感到自在。
And his wife's indifference to domestic engineering rankled.
他的妻子对国内工程的冷漠也令人恼火。
"I don't know," Lee wrote to a friend, "that I shall ever overcome my propensity for order."
“我不知道，”李在给朋友的信中写道，“我是否能克服自己的秩序倾向。”
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: Mary is a free spirit and she has this confidence that comes from this sort of unassailable social background.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔，传记作者：玛丽是一个自由的人，她的自信来自于这种无懈可击的社会背景。
She was less punctual than Robert, he complained about that all the time.
她不如罗伯特准时，他一直抱怨这一点。
And she was more given to creative dress, shall we say there are some wonderful descriptions of her in some pretty outlandish outfits.
她更注重创意服装，我们可以说，有一些关于她穿着一些相当古怪的服装的精彩描述。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: The children and family life he enjoyed, he reveled in it but it was also confusing.
托马斯，传记作家：他享受孩子和家庭生活，他陶醉其中，但也感到困惑。
And it sometimes provoked him.
有时这会激怒他。
He felt, I think, some relief at being away and simply doing whatever the army demanded of him, obeying orders as it happened.
我认为，离开并只是做军队要求他做的事情、服从命令时，他感到有些解脱。
Narrator: In March 1847, on a remote beachhead nearly 3,000 miles from home, calculating the arc and trajectory of artillery shells "so beautiful in their flight and so destructive in their fall," he would say, Robert E.
旁白：1847 年 3 月，在距离家乡近 3,000 英里的偏远滩头阵地上，计算炮弹的弧线和弹道，“飞行时如此美丽，落下时如此具有破坏性，”他说，罗伯特·E·
Lee finally went to war.
李终于参战了。
Lee wished he was "better satisfied as to the justice of our cause," but politics was a secondary concern to him.
李希望他“对我们事业的正义更加满意”，但政治对他来说是次要的。
He'd been preparing for battle for more than 20 years...
他已经为战斗做好了20多年的准备……
and the Mexican War was a chance, he wrote, to "gain distinction and honor and therefore not to be regretted."
他写道，墨西哥战争是一个“获得荣誉和荣耀的机会，因此不会后悔”。
And his sterling reputation within the army had landed Lee a spot on the personal staff of Commanding General Winfield Scott.
李在军队中的良好声誉使他在温菲尔德·斯科特将军的私人参谋中占有一席之地。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: There are few campaigns in the United States' military history that are more audacious than Winfield Scott's campaign from Veracruz to Mexico City.
加拉格尔，历史学家：在美国军事史上，很少有比温菲尔德·斯科特从韦拉克鲁斯到墨西哥城的战役更大胆的战役了。
It involved a much smaller invading army moving into the heartland of a very large nation, facing tremendous logistical problems and capturing one of the great cities of the Western Hemisphere with a relative handful of soldiers.
它涉及一支规模小得多的入侵军队进入一个非常大的国家的中心地带，面临着巨大的后勤问题，并以相对较少的士兵占领了西半球的一座大城市。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: Winfield Scott had to land, he had to seize Veracruz and then he had to advance to the highlands before the malaria season hit.
格拉塔尔，历史学家：温菲尔德·斯科特必须登陆，他必须占领韦拉克鲁斯，然后他必须在疟疾季节到来之前向高地推进。
So there was a lot of pressure on him to execute effectively.
因此，他面临着有效执行的巨大压力。
And one of his right hand people was Robert E.
他的得力助手之一是罗伯特·E.
Lee.
李.
Narrator: General Scott drove his army relentlessly across Mexico, racing dangerously ahead of his own supply line, and he piled up victories: Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Chapultepec.
旁白：斯科特将军率领他的军队毫不留情地穿越墨西哥，危险地冲过自己的补给线，并在韦拉克鲁斯、戈多山、丘鲁布斯科、查普尔特佩克等地取得了胜利。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Anyone who served under Scott, or anyone who observed what Scott was doing from a distance, could learn that in some instances audacity can carry the day in military affairs.
加拉格尔，历史学家：任何在斯科特手下服役的人，或者任何从远处观察斯科特所做的事情的人，都可以了解到，在某些情况下，大胆可以在军事事务中取得胜利。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: From Scott, Lee learned the lesson of the attack.
传记作者托马斯：李从斯科特那里吸取了这次袭击的教训。
And he never forgot it.
他永远不会忘记这一点。
Narrator: Robert E.
叙述者：罗伯特·E.
Lee was at the center of Scott's success.
李是斯科特成功的核心。
He was the commanding general's eyes, always out front, and often alone, hunting the perfect artillery placement, or an unexpected way to outflank the larger Mexican Army.
他是指挥官的眼睛，总是在前方，而且经常独自一人，寻找完美的炮兵部署，或者以意想不到的方式包抄更大的墨西哥军队。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: What Scott emphasized during the Mexican War was something called headwork.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：斯科特在墨西哥战争期间强调的是所谓的头脑工作。
And Lee excelled in headwork.
李在头部工作方面表现出色。
Headwork was going out and scouting the fields, knowing the topography and coming up with imaginative, imaginative responses to what your adversary was doing.
头脑工作就是出去侦察田野，了解地形，并对对手的行为提出富有想象力的反应。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He volunteers to go across this large lava field called the Pedregal, which had sharp, glass-like points at every turn to see if he could find a way to actually get across it.
传记作者伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：他自愿穿越这片名为佩德雷加尔（Pedregal）的大熔岩原，这里的每个拐角处都有尖锐的玻璃状点，看看他是否能找到真正穿越它的方法。
Even some of the generals say well this was maybe, you know, a little more risky than anybody should have undertaken.
甚至一些将军也表示，这可能比任何人应该承担的风险都要大一些。
Narrator: Lee made his way through the perilous lava fields three separate times - once alone, in the dark, in a driving rain, within range of enemy fire -- and he found a path for Scott's army to run a surprise attack that drove the Mexicans from the high ground at Contreras.
旁白：李三次穿过危险的熔岩原——一次是独自一人，在黑暗中，在倾盆大雨中，在敌人火力范围内——他为斯科特的军队找到了一条发动突然袭击的道路，将墨西哥人赶出了孔特雷拉斯的高地。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: He now had proof, conclusive proof, that he was an extraordinarily gifted soldier.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：他现在有证据，确凿的证据，证明他是一名非常有天赋的士兵。
I think that he also discovered to some degree that the challenge, the danger, the excitement of combat, that it appealed to him.
我认为他在某种程度上也发现了战斗的挑战、危险和刺激对他的吸引力。
Narrator: On September 14, 1847, after a seven-month campaign, Lee marched into the Grand Plaza of Mexico City with a place of honor in the victory parade...
旁白：1847年9月14日，经过七个月的征战，李在胜利游行中占据一席之地，步入墨西哥城大广场……
his name would be conspicuous in Winfield Scott's after-battle reports.
他的名字在温菲尔德·斯科特的战后报告中非常显眼。
America's commanding general called Lee's crossings of the Pedregal "the greatest feat of physical and moral courage performed by any individual to my knowledge."
美国指挥官称李渡过佩德雷加尔河是“据我所知，任何人在身体和精神上所表现出的最伟大的壮举”。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: Winfield Scott called him the best soldier in the American army and said that in the event of a war the thing that the United States government should do is take out an immediate life insurance policy on Robert E.
托马斯，传记作者：温菲尔德·斯科特称他是美国军队中最好的士兵，并说一旦发生战争，美国政府应该做的就是立即为罗伯特·E·托马斯购买人寿保险。
Lee.
李.
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: What's clear is Lee emerged from the Mexican War as the rising star in the United States Army.
历史学家格拉塔尔：很明显，李在墨西哥战争中成为美国陆军的后起之秀。
Narrator: Robert E.
叙述者：罗伯特·E.
Lee had never felt more alive -- or in greater control of his own destiny -- than when he was in battle in Mexico...
李从来没有像在墨西哥战场上那样感到更加充满活力，或者对自己的命运有更大的掌控力……
and on his return home, he had trouble readjusting himself to the peace, and to the work-a-day engineering and administrative jobs assigned him.
回到家后，他很难适应平静的生活以及分配给他的日常工程和行政工作。
Just a few years after his triumph in Mexico, Lee tried to talk his eldest son out of military service.
就在他在墨西哥取得胜利几年后，李试图说服他的长子退出兵役。
"I wish I was out of the Army myself," he confided.
“我希望我自己离开军队，”他吐露道。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He wants to leave the army and he just can't find a way to do it.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔，传记作者：他想离开军队，但他找不到办法。
His wife is getting sick probably from mercury poisoning.
他的妻子可能因汞中毒而生病。
She starts being unable to walk and move comfortably around that time.
从那时起，她开始无法舒适地行走和移动。
And not only does his mother-in-law die, but his favorite sister dies.
不仅他的婆婆死了，他最喜欢的妹妹也死了。
It's a period where it appears that his life is almost out of control, or he believes his life is out of control.
在这段时期里，他的生活似乎几乎失去了控制，或者他认为自己的生活已经失去了控制。
And he does turn to the religion at that time.
那时他确实转向了宗教。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Lee came to religion rather late in life.
加拉格尔，历史学家：李很晚才开始接触宗教。
He is not a fervent Christian early in his life -- not at West Point, not in Mexico, not as a young man on the move and even an early middle aged man on the move.
他早年并不是一名狂热的基督徒——在西点军校、在墨西哥都不是，在年轻时也不是，甚至在中年时也不是。
But when he arrived he was absolutely on board and it became central to how he dealt with almost everything.
但当他到达时，他完全同意了，这成为他处理几乎所有事情的核心。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): My dearest Mary...
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：我最亲爱的玛丽......
I only wish to obey His Commandments, to neglect nothing on our part for the accomplishment of that which is plainly our duty and to leave the results in His hands."
我只希望遵守他的诫命，在完成显然是我们职责的事情时不忽略任何事情，并将结果交到他手中。”
Narrator: In 1857, 10 years after Lee's triumph in Mexico, and the year Lee turned 50, his father-in-law died.
旁白：1857年，李在墨西哥取得胜利10年后，也就是李50岁那年，他的岳父去世了。
And Mary begged Lee to take a leave from the army and come home to look after the family estate.
玛丽恳求李从军队休假回家照顾家族产业。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: Lee returned to Arlington after the death of his father-in-law because of his sense of duty.
小乔丹，历史学家：李在岳父去世后，出于责任感回到了阿灵顿。
He was the man at that point of the family.
他是当时家里的男人。
And he felt he was obligated to take up the task of straightening out his father-in-law's finances, which were never in the best of condition.
他觉得自己有义务承担起整顿岳父财务状况的任务，因为他的岳父的财务状况从来都不是最好的。
Narrator: The estate was in worse shape than he suspected: the plantations willed to his sons were barely functioning and heavily mortgaged, there was no cash to pay his daughters their promised inheritances, and most of the 195 slaves were unwilling to bend their backs to restoring the farms and working off the family debt.
旁白：庄园的状况比他想象的还要糟糕：遗嘱给儿子们的种植园几乎无法运转，抵押贷款沉重，没有现金支付女儿们承诺的遗产，195名奴隶中的大多数人都不愿意努力恢复农场并偿还家庭债务。
They had been promised their freedom in Custis's will and many wanted it immediately.
卡斯蒂斯的遗嘱已向他们许诺获得自由，许多人都希望立即获得自由。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: The problem with Lee owning slaves was his orders didn't always get followed right away, as they might in the army.
托马斯，传记作者：李拥有奴隶的问题是，他的命令并不总是像在军队中那样立即得到执行。
Lee was having a terrible time with insubordination.
李因不服从而度过了一段可怕的时光。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: Lee very much felt that the slaves who ran away had violated what he probably felt was a contract, a contract of duty and honor to him as their slave owner.
小乔丹，历史学家：李非常认为逃跑的奴隶违反了他可能认为的合同，这是他作为奴隶主的责任和荣誉的合同。
So as a consequence he was entitled to punish them because they had violated their duty to him.
因此，他有权惩罚他们，因为他们违反了对他的义务。
Narrator: Lee paid to have runaways captured and whipped.
旁白：李出钱抓捕并鞭打逃亡者。
An eyewitness recalled him urging a county constable who was lashing a female slave to "lay it on well." One slave at Arlington called Lee "the worst man I ever see."
一位目击者回忆说，他敦促一名正在鞭打女奴隶的县警“把它好好地绑起来”。阿灵顿的一名奴隶称李是“我见过的最糟糕的人”。
At the end of his two years at Arlington, Lee had accomplished little.
在阿灵顿的两年结束时，李几乎没有取得什么成就。
The plantations remained unprofitable, his daughters' inheritances unpaid and the slaves still in chains and aggrieved.
种植园仍然无利可图，他女儿们的遗产没有得到支付，奴隶们仍然戴着锁链，饱受委屈。
And when Lee finally returned to the United States Army in 1859, he found himself stuck at a desolate cavalry out-post in Texas, with little to do but oversee court-martials of derelict soldiers and chase stray Comanche Indians.
1859 年，当李最终回到美国陆军时，他发现自己被困在德克萨斯州一个荒凉的骑兵前哨基地，除了监督被遗弃士兵的军事法庭和追捕流浪的科曼奇印第安人之外，无事可做。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: He certainly had to wonder what was ahead.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：他当然想知道未来会发生什么。
Had his best days had they passed during the Mexican War?
他最好的日子已经在墨西哥战争期间过去了吗？
Was there an opportunity for him to fulfill that ambition that had animated him when he was a young cadet at West Point?
他是否有机会实现他在西点军校年轻时所激发的雄心壮志？
Here you have RE Lee, this ambition driving him, looking to a military career that would give him the ultimate source of fame and maybe thinking that that's really not in the works any more.
RE Lee 就是这样的野心驱使着他，寻求军事生涯，这将给他带来最终的名声来源，也许他认为这已经不再是他的计划了。
Mary Custis (Kara Jackson): The Ides of March are almost here...
玛丽·卡斯蒂斯（卡拉·杰克逊饰）：三月十五日即将到来……
We of the South have had great provocation, yet for my part I would rather endure the ills we know than rush madly into greater evils, and what could be greater than the Division of our glorious Republic.
我们南方人受到了巨大的挑衅，但就我而言，我宁愿忍受我们所知道的弊病，也不愿疯狂地陷入更大的罪恶，以及比我们光荣共和国的分裂更大的罪恶。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: Lee very much anticipated what secession meant.
历史学家小乔丹：李非常期待分裂意味着什么。
He knew it was going to be war.
他知道这将是一场战争。
In one of his letters to his sons he wrote that the war would probably last 10 years and that it would be very, very bloody.
他在给儿子的一封信中写道，战争可能会持续十年，而且会非常非常血腥。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): Tell Charles he must not allow Maryland to be tacked on to South Carolina before just demands of the South have been fairly presented to the North and rejected.
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：告诉查尔斯，在南方的公正要求被公平地提交给北方并被拒绝之前，他不能允许马里兰州加入南卡罗来纳州。
Then if the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are denied us...
那么如果宪法保障的权利被剥夺了我们......
we can, with a clear Conscience separate....
我们可以，问心无愧地分开……
As an American citizen, I prize my government and Country highly, and there is no sacrifice I am not willing to make for their preservation save that of honor.
作为一名美国公民，我高度珍视我的政府和国家，除了荣誉之外，我愿意为它们的保存做出任何牺牲。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: South Carolina had seceded because it thought that Lincoln and the Republican Party would interfere with the institution of slavery, plain and simple.
历史学家小乔丹：南卡罗来纳州之所以脱离联邦，是因为它认为林肯和共和党会干涉奴隶制，这是显而易见的。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: South Carolina has a 2,500 word explanation which is more an accusation of Northern interference with their institution of slavery.
历史学家格拉塔尔：南卡罗来纳州有一个 2,500 字的解释，更多的是指责北方干涉他们的奴隶制。
Mississippi states it baldly, "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery, the greatest material interest of the world."
密西西比州直言不讳地说：“我们的立场完全支持奴隶制，这是世界上最大的物质利益。”
Narrator: Through the first few months of the secession crisis, the leaders of the South's most powerful state refused to be swept into the Confederacy.
旁白：在分裂危机的最初几个月里，南方最强大的州的领导人拒绝被卷入南部邦联。
The preservation of slavery, the Virginia aristocracy understood, was a shaky foundation on which to build a revolution.
弗吉尼亚贵族认为，保留奴隶制是发动革命的基础。
Many southerners were incensed that Virginia was trying to play the peace broker.
许多南方人对弗吉尼亚州试图扮演和平掮客的角色感到愤怒。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: Virginia was America's leading slave state.
小乔丹，历史学家：弗吉尼亚是美国主要的奴隶州。
There were more slaves in Virginia than anywhere else in the western hemisphere with the exception of Cuba.
弗吉尼亚州的奴隶数量比西半球除古巴以外的其他任何地方都多。
People like Jefferson Davis, Howell Cobb, Alexander Stephens, all knew that the Confederacy would not be able to survive without Virginia being a part of it.
像杰斐逊·戴维斯、豪厄尔·科布、亚历山大·斯蒂芬斯这样的人都知道，如果没有弗吉尼亚的加入，南部邦联将无法生存。
There was a tremendous amount of pressure on Virginia to secede.
弗吉尼亚面临着巨大的脱离压力。
And Lee was very carefully keeping an eye on what Virginia was going to do.
李非常仔细地关注着弗吉尼亚将要做什么。
Narrator: Lee had spent much of his adult life away from his home .
旁白：李成年后的大部分时间都在远离家乡的地方度过。
.
。
.
。
but he was absolutely attached to the idea of Virginia.
但他对弗吉尼亚的想法绝对执着。
It was, to his mind, a divinely-ordered society.
在他看来，这是一个神圣秩序的社会。
In Virginia - as in all the South -- well-born, well-bred white Christian gentry had the freedom to rule as they saw fit.
在弗吉尼亚州——就像在整个南方一样——出身良好、受过良好教育的白人基督教贵族拥有按照自己认为合适的方式进行统治的自由。
Poor and unpropertied whites lived in peonage, with little ability to sway their "betters"; slaves toiled under benevolent masters.
贫穷而无财产的白人过着苦役生活，几乎没有能力影响他们的“上流社会”。奴隶在仁慈的主人手下辛苦劳作。
When God had a better plan, Lee believed, He would reveal it.
李相信，当上帝有更好的计划时，他会揭示它。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: His feelings were generally along the lines of a group of people who were called the Slavery Apologists.
传记作家伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：他的感受总体上与一群被称为奴隶制辩护者的人的观点一致。
Now these people recognized that there were moral problems with this institution and they believed that eventually it would fade away.
现在这些人认识到这个机构存在道德问题，他们相信它最终会消失。
But they absolutely upheld the right to own human property.
但他们绝对维护拥有人类财产的权利。
And they also had elaborate justifications about how the slaves were better off under slavery in the United States than they would have been back in Africa.
他们还详细阐述了美国奴隶制下的奴隶如何比在非洲过得更好。
And Lee's writings are absolutely along those lines.
李的著作绝对符合这些思路。
Michael Fellman, Historian: He certainly never questioned the values of his class.
迈克尔·费尔曼，历史学家：他当然从未质疑过他的阶级的价值观。
He would talk about "my people." And by that he meant the white people of his social class, born to rule.
他会谈论“我的人民”。他指的是属于他的社会阶层的白人，生来就是统治者。
And his honor is involved in the defense of his people.
他的荣誉在于保卫他的人民。
Narrator: On April 12, 1861, the secession crisis became a shooting war.
旁白：1861年4月12日，分裂国家危机演变成一场枪战。
When Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, President Abraham Lincoln called for every state in the union to provide troops to assist in putting down the rebellion.
当南方联盟军队袭击南卡罗来纳州的萨姆特堡时，亚伯拉罕·林肯总统呼吁联盟各州提供军队协助镇压叛乱。
That presidential decree gave the secessionist bloc in Virginia a powerful public argument for breaking from the Union.
这项总统令为弗吉尼亚州的分裂主义集团提供了脱离联邦的有力公开论据。
This was about much more than slavery, they argued.
他们认为，这不仅仅是奴隶制的问题。
This was about defending Virginia against a federal attack on state sovereignty.
这是为了保卫弗吉尼亚州免受联邦对州主权的攻击。
This was about defending the honor of the state of Virginia.
这是为了捍卫弗吉尼亚州的荣誉。
"The requisition made upon me...
“对我提出的要求...
will not be complied with," wrote Virginia governor, John Letcher, in answer to Lincoln.
不会得到遵守，”弗吉尼亚州州长约翰·莱彻在答复林肯时写道。
"You have chosen to inaugurate civil war, and, having done so, we will meet it."
“你们选择发动内战，一旦这样做，我们就会迎接它。”
Lincoln's move -- and Virginia's response -- put Robert E.
林肯的举动以及弗吉尼亚州的回应让罗伯特·E·林肯 (Robert E.
Lee in a bind.
李陷入困境。
Like all military officers, he had sworn to serve the United States of America and to obey its President.
像所有军官一样，他宣誓为美利坚合众国服务并服从总统。
And the President wanted Lee's help.
总统希望李的帮助。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: Francis Blair who was a close associate of Abraham Lincoln called R.E.
卡迈克尔（Carmichael），历史学家：弗朗西斯·布莱尔（Francis Blair）是亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）的亲密伙伴，被称为 R.E.
Lee to his office.
李到了办公室。
And in this meeting Blair expressed to him Lincoln's desire to offer R.E.
在这次会面中，布莱尔向他表达了林肯提供 R.E. 的愿望。
Lee command of the Union Army.
李指挥联邦军。
This of course was really everything that R.E.
这当然就是 R.E. 的一切。
Lee had been striving and working for his entire career put out there for him in this amazing offer, opportunity.
李一直在为他的整个职业生涯而奋斗和工作，为他提供了这个惊人的机会。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He declined the offer on the spot right then.
传记作者伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：他当时就拒绝了这个提议。
He didn't take time to think about it.
他没有花时间去思考这个问题。
And he marches straight over to the War Department, which was a couple of blocks away at that point.
他径直走向陆军部，当时距离几个街区远。
And apparently goes immediately into Scott's office.
显然他立即走进了斯科特的办公室。
This is a man that he most reveres in the army, Winfield Scott.
这是他在军队中最尊敬的人，温菲尔德·斯科特。
And he tells Scott that he cannot lead an army that would invade the South.
他告诉斯科特，他不能领导一支军队入侵南方。
Lee then tries to convince Scott that what he'd like to do is sit out the war.
随后，李试图说服斯科特，他想做的就是袖手旁观。
And Scott cuts him off and, and says, "No. You can't do that.
斯科特打断了他的话，说道：“不。你不能那样做。
I have no room in my army for people who have divided loyalties.
我的军队里容不下忠诚不一的人。
And if you're going to resign you better do it before you're ordered to take a job that you don't want."
如果你要辞职，最好在你被命令接受你不想要的工作之前就辞职。”
Narrator: Lee went home to Arlington to decide his future; the ideals that had ordered his life -- honor, duty, country -- did not light a clear path.
旁白：李回到阿灵顿的家乡决定他的未来；支配他一生的理想——荣誉、责任、国家——并没有指明一条清晰的道路。
For two days, Lee anguished over his decision.
两天来，李对他的决定感到痛苦。
Slaves noted him pacing back and forth on the front porch by day...
奴隶们注意到他白天在前廊上来回踱步......
praying in his room late into the night.
在他的房间里祈祷到深夜。
Whichever side he chose, Lee knew, the biggest challenge of his military life awaited.
李知道，无论他选择哪一边，他的军旅生涯中最大的挑战都在等待着他。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): General Winfield Scott -- Since my interview with you on the 18th, I have felt that I ought no longer to retain my commission in the Army.
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：温菲尔德·斯科特将军——自从 18 日接受您采访以来，我觉得我不应该再保留我在陆军中的职务。
I, therefore, tender my resignation, which I request you will recommend for acceptance....
因此，我提出辞呈，请您建议接受……
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: It was a very fateful decision and it was not one that he took lightly.
历史学家小乔丹：这是一个非常重大的决定，他并不是轻易做出的决定。
Winfield Scott did tell Lee, "I think you've made the greatest mistake of your life."
温菲尔德·斯科特确实告诉李，“我认为你犯了一生中最大的错误。”
Narrator: Two days after he resigned from the United States Army, Robert E.
旁白：罗伯特·E·罗伯特从美国陆军辞职两天后。
Lee answered a summons to Richmond, Virginia, soon to be the capital of the new Confederacy.
李应召前往弗吉尼亚州里士满，那里很快将成为新联邦的首都。
He listened as leaders of the secession convention sang new praises of his long-disfavored father, Light Horse Harry Lee; compared Robert E.
他聆听分裂国家大会的领导人对他长期不受宠的父亲轻马哈利·李(Light Horse Harry Lee)唱新歌颂。对比罗伯特·E.
Lee himself to George Washington, hero-general of the other American Revolution; and offered Lee command of the forces defending Virginia from the federal tyrant.
李本人向另一次美国革命的英雄将军乔治·华盛顿致敬；并让李指挥军队保卫弗吉尼亚免受联邦暴君的侵害。
After 30 years of dutiful service in the United States Army, a path toward a monumental destiny had finally opened itself to Robert E.
在美国陆军服役 30 年后，罗伯特·E·罗伯特 (Robert E.
Lee.
李.
He would be the military leader of a country fighting for independence...
他将成为一个为独立而战的国家的军事领导人......
a general leading an army in righteous cause against overwhelming odds.
一位将军率领一支军队，为了正义事业，克服压倒性的困难。
If Lee triumphed, he knew, his name would live through the ages.
他知道，如果李胜利了，他的名字将永垂不朽。
Narrator: From the moment he signed on, Robert E.
旁白：从他签约的那一刻起，罗伯特·E.
Lee was acknowledged as the military savior of the South.
李被公认为南方的军事救世主。
That he had no actual experience commanding large bodies of soldiers seemed beside the point.
他没有指挥大批士兵的实际经验，这似乎不是重点。
"No man is more worthy to head our forces and lead our army," wrote one Richmond newspaper.
里士满的一份报纸写道：“没有人比他更值得领导我们的军队和军队。”
"His reputation, his acknowledged ability...
“他的声誉，他公认的能力......
his honor...
他的荣幸...
his Christian life and conduct make his very name a 'tower of strength.'"
他的基督徒生活和行为使他的名字成为‘力量之塔’。”
The first year of the war brought Lee little but misery.
战争的第一年给李带来的只是痛苦。
One of his sisters declared for Union and never spoke to him again.
他的一位姐妹宣布加入联邦，从此再也没有和他说过话。
All three of Lee's sons left home to join the Confederate army.
李的三个儿子都离开家加入了南方联盟军队。
And two weeks after Lee's resignation, Union soldiers occupied Arlington, and chased Lee's wife and daughters from their estate.
李辞职两周后，联邦士兵占领了阿灵顿，并将李的妻子和女儿赶出了他们的庄园。
Mary Lee was bereft.
玛丽·李失去了亲人。
"[I have lost] a place dearer to me than my life," she wrote, "the home of every memory of that life whether of joy or sorrow, birthplace of my children, where I was wedded...".
“[我失去了]一个对我来说比我的生命更珍贵的地方，”她写道，“那是我一生中所有记忆的家园，无论是快乐还是悲伤，是我孩子们的出生地，也是我结婚的地方……”。
Two months later, in his first field command, Lee was undone by an untrained officer corps, green soldiers and bad weather.
两个月后，李在他的第一次野战指挥中因未经训练的军官队伍、绿色士兵和恶劣的天气而失败。
Lee's army got stuck in the mud of western Virginia...
李的军队陷入了弗吉尼亚州西部的泥沼……
then retreated without landing a single blow on the invading Union Army.
然后撤退，没有对入侵的联邦军队造成任何打击。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: At the beginning of the war, 1861, he has black hair and six months later he looks like an entirely changed person with the white beard, white hair.
传记作家伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔：1861 年战争开始时，他有一头黑发，六个月后，他看起来就像换了一个人，白胡子、白头发。
His family can't believe it.
他的家人简直不敢相信。
They look at pictures of him they see published and they don't think it's the same person.
他们看着发布的他的照片，他们认为这不是同一个人。
Narrator: Southern legislators wondered aloud if their celebrated general was to soft to attack, too content to dig in and play defense.
旁白：南方立法者大声质疑，他们的著名将军是否过于软弱而不愿进攻，而不愿深入防守。
And word got back to him that men in his own army had taken to calling him "Granny Lee."
他得到消息说，他自己军队里的人已经开始称他为“李奶奶”。
In the spring of 1862, the South's "tower of strength" was stewing in Richmond; President Jefferson Davis had relieved Lee of his field command and made him his personal military advisor.
1862 年春天，南方的“力量之塔”在里士满沸腾了。杰斐逊·戴维斯总统解除了李的战地指挥权，并任命他为个人军事顾问。
As a general without an army, Lee had to stand by and watch as the Confederacy lost Nashville and New Orleans, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh.
作为一名没有军队的将军，李必须袖手旁观，眼睁睁地看着南部邦联失去纳什维尔和新奥尔良、亨利堡、多纳尔森堡和夏洛。
And he had to watch as the Union general-in-chief -- the dashing, 34-year-old George McClellan -- led his Army of the Potomac, the largest single fighting force in American history, up the Virginia Peninsula toward the jewel of the Confederate Nation, its capital city: Richmond.
他还必须亲眼目睹联邦总司令——英俊潇洒的 34 岁乔治·麦克莱伦——率领他的波托马克军团——美国历史上最大的单一作战部队——沿着弗吉尼亚半岛向南部邦联的瑰宝——其首都——里士满进发。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: McClellan moved a hundred thousand men to the outskirts of Richmond.
小乔丹，历史学家：麦克莱伦将十万人转移到里士满郊区。
Some of McClellan's forces got so close to Richmond they could hear the church bells peeling.
麦克莱伦的一些部队距离里士满如此之近，他们甚至可以听到教堂的钟声。
They could see the chimneys of Richmond.
他们可以看到里士满的烟囱。
There were plans made to evacuate.
已制定撤离计划。
Jefferson Davis sent his family off to safety.
杰斐逊·戴维斯将他的家人送往安全地带。
The Confederate archives and papers and things were packed up to be shipped away.
南部邦联的档案、文件和其他东西都被打包运走。
They thought that this was going to be the end.
他们以为这就是结局了。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: The loss of Richmond would have been the death-blow of the Confederacy because so much had gone wrong in so many other places.
加拉格尔，历史学家：失去里士满将是南部邦联的致命一击，因为其他许多地方都出现了很多问题。
There would have been nothing for the Confederate people to cling to in a positive sense if Richmond had fallen to McClellan's advancing army.
如果里士满被麦克莱伦的前进军队攻陷，南方邦联人民就没有什么可以积极坚持的东西了。
Narrator: Richmond awoke to more bad news on June 2, 1862.
旁白：1862 年 6 月 2 日，里士满一觉醒来，听到了更多坏消息。
The commander of the army defending the city, General Joseph Johnston, had been shot off his horse.
保卫城市的军队指挥官约瑟夫·约翰斯顿将军被击落马下。
He was done for a while.
他已经完成了一段时间了。
With nowhere else to turn, President Davis handed the reins of the Army of Northern Virginia to Robert E.
由于无处可去，戴维斯总统将北弗吉尼亚陆军的指挥权交给了罗伯特·E·戴维斯。
Lee.
李.
The soldiers did not rejoice.
士兵们并不高兴。
Memories of Lee's timidity in his previous field command were still fresh.
李在以前的战地指挥中的胆怯仍然记忆犹新。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: Those reservations and concerns in the eyes of many were confirmed by his first order to have the troops dig in around Richmond.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：许多人眼中的这些保留和担忧在他第一个命令军队在里士满周围挖掘的命令中得到了证实。
The Richmond papers were particularly savage.
里士满的报纸尤其野蛮。
They claimed that this was the West Point way of doing war, that you exchange muskets for shovels.
他们声称这是西点军校的战争方式，用步枪换铁锹。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: One of the Georgians who was under the command called him, "The Failure" in capital letters.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor），传记作者：指挥下的一位格鲁吉亚人用大写字母称呼他为“失败者”。
"They have given us The Failure and how did they expect us to perform with The Failure in capital letters in charge of us?"
“他们给了我们失败，他们希望我们在大写字母负责的失败中表现如何？”
Narrator: Lee himself was unfazed by the carping in the ranks.
旁白：李本人并不为队伍中的吹毛求疵所困扰。
He had never lacked for confidence.
他从来不缺乏自信。
And from the moment he took command outside Richmond, Lee was thinking attack.
从他在里士满郊外指挥的那一刻起，李就在考虑进攻。
He knew his army could not win a long war of attrition.
他知道他的军队无法赢得长期的消耗战。
His best hope of winning victory for the Confederacy was a speedy knock-out of McClellan's army.
他为南部邦联赢得胜利的最大希望是迅速击溃麦克莱伦的军队。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: Lee had this idea that one or two battles would solve everything.
小乔丹，历史学家：李的想法是，一两场战斗就能解决一切。
So while Lee wasn't happy about McClellan approaching Richmond, he looked upon his opportunity to destroy the Army of the Potomac.
因此，尽管李对麦克莱伦逼近里士满并不满意，但他还是抓住了摧毁波托马克军团的机会。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: What Lee saw on the map was that the Chickahominy River divided McClellan's army into two parts.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：李在地图上看到的是奇卡霍米尼河将麦克莱伦的军队分成两部分。
That the right flank of the Union Army was hanging in the air cut off from the bulk of the Union forces.
联邦军的右翼悬在空中，与联邦军主力隔绝。
And so Lee decided to pounce on that isolated right wing of the Union Army above the Chickahominy River.
因此，李决定突袭奇卡霍米尼河上方联邦军孤立的右翼。
He envisioned a grand turning maneuver that would not only drive the Union Army away from Richmond but that it would also destroy the Union Army.
他设想了一次大转弯机动，不仅可以将联邦军赶出里士满，而且还可以摧毁联邦军。
Narrator: Lee was willing to risk disaster to pull off his flanking maneuver.
旁白：李愿意冒着灾难的危险来完成他的侧翼机动。
His attack would leave a miniscule force to defend the city of Richmond; if McClellan counter-attacked and drove toward the capital while Lee's attack was underway, Richmond would surely fall.
他的进攻只会留下微乎其微的兵力来保卫里士满城；如果麦克莱伦在李进攻的同时反击并向首都进发，里士满肯定会陷落。
The entire Confederacy would likely go down with it.
整个联邦很可能会随之灭亡。
Newspaper correspondents, photographers and field artists had flocked to the outskirts of Richmond, to record the fall of the South...
报纸记者、摄影师和现场艺术家纷纷涌向里士满郊区，记录南方的陷落……
and Robert E.
和罗伯特·E.
Lee gave them a show.
李给他们表演了一场。
When Lee attacked, McClellan panicked and began pulling his army toward the cover of his gunboats on James River, more than 20 miles from Richmond.
当李进攻时，麦克莱伦惊慌失措，开始将他的军队拉向距离里士满 20 多英里的詹姆斯河上的炮艇掩护处。
Lee drove his soldiers to the chase...
李率领士兵追击……
possessed by a vision of McClellan's army destroyed.
麦克莱伦的军队被摧毁的幻象所占据。
For six days, he narrowly missed chances to bag the retreating enemy troops.
在六天的时间里，他险些错过了包围撤退的敌军的机会。
And Lee knew his opportunities were running out on the seventh day, when the two armies re-engaged at a place near the James called Malvern Hill.
李知道第七天他的机会已经不多了，当时两军在詹姆斯河附近一个叫莫尔文山的地方重新交战。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: Lee was really desperate to get at the Union this last day.
Glatthaar，历史学家：李在最后一天真的非常渴望加入联盟。
Malvern Hill had three slopes wide open with fields under cultivation.
莫尔文山有三个开阔的斜坡，有正在耕种的田地。
And so the Union troops were on the top with artillery positioned there.
因此，联邦军队位于山顶，炮兵部署在那里。
Lee's artillery was stuck to the rear; it didn't get forward in time.
李的炮兵被困在后方；它没有及时前进。
The Union was able to concentrate on the guns that did arrive.
联盟能够集中精力处理确实到达的枪支。
And then one of Lee's subordinates nonetheless ordered a frontal attack.
然而，李的一名下属仍然下令正面进攻。
Winston Groom, Writer: Lee made an ill-advised attack on a very powerful Union position which was his bete noir all through the war.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：李对一个非常强大的联邦地位进行了不明智的攻击，这是他在整个战争期间最不喜欢的地位。
These, these attacks on fortified positions never worked out very well for him.
这些对坚固阵地的攻击对他来说从来都没有什么效果。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: It was just a wave of Confederate troops assaulting up through fields and just getting slaughtered.
Glatthaar，历史学家：这只是一波南方联盟军队穿过田野发起攻击，然后就被屠杀了。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Lee is the bloodiest general in United States history if you're gauging that by what percentage of his soldiers get shot.
加拉格尔，历史学家：如果你衡量他的士兵被枪杀的比例，李是美国历史上最血腥的将军。
And the Seven Days showed that for the first time.
《七日》首次证明了这一点。
His army suffered 20,000 casualties in the Seven Days.
他的军队在七日战争中伤亡两万人。
The United States Army: 16,000 in the same campaign.
美国陆军：同一战役中有 16,000 人。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: The soldiers saw the massive destruction, saw the huge loss of life.
历史学家格拉塔尔：士兵们看到了大规模的破坏，看到了巨大的生命损失。
But they also saw the results.
但他们也看到了结果。
And Lee had knocked the Union Army back 20 miles.
李将军将联邦军击退了 20 英里。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: This is the kind of generalship they wanted.
加拉格尔，历史学家：这就是他们想要的将军。
Here is somebody who would really go after the Federals.
这是一个真正会追随联邦的人。
That's what they had wanted, that's what they got.
这就是他们想要的，这就是他们得到的。
Narrator: "General Lee is rapidly regaining...
旁白：“李将军正在迅速恢复……
the confidence of the army," wrote a fellow officer, "You cannot imagine how gratifying is the feeling to Soldiers to know that their Chief is Competent."
军队的信心，”一位军官同事写道，“你无法想象士兵们知道他们的首领是有能力的，这是多么令人欣慰的感觉。”
In the weeks after Seven Days, Lee made the Army of Northern Virginia his army -- instilling discipline and order.
在“七日行动”后的几周内，李将北弗吉尼亚军团任命为他的军队，灌输纪律和秩序。
He replaced dozens of officers who had not measured up to his exacting standard; and consolidated power in the few commanders he'd come to trust.
他撤换了数十名未达到他严格标准的军官。并巩固了他所信任的少数指挥官的权力。
And above all, he trusted himself.
最重要的是，他相信自己。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee was one of a handful of civil war generals who had the imagination to conceive a grand military strategy, the focus to plan a large campaign to the smallest detail...
李是内战时期少数有想象力的将军之一，他们能够构想出宏伟的军事战略，重点计划一场大规模的战役，细致到最小的细节……
and the energy to drive it.
以及驱动它的能量。
And he was already bringing to bear all those talents, planning his next move: a move designed to force President Lincoln to consider the wisdom of a negotiated peace.
他已经发挥了所有这些才能，计划着他的下一步行动：这一行动旨在迫使林肯总统考虑通过谈判达成和平是否明智。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Lee knew that the key to which side would win the war lay with the civilian populations.
加拉格尔，历史学家：李知道哪一方赢得战争的关键在于平民。
Whichever civilian population decided it wasn't worth it first, that's the end of the war.
无论哪个平民首先认为不值得，战争就结束了。
And he believed there was no better way to depress United States morale than to take his army on the offensive and defeat major United States forces.
他认为，没有什么比让他的军队进攻并击败美国主力更好的方式来打击美国的士气了。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: What he wanted to do was give the Northern public a taste of war.
Glatthaar，历史学家：他想做的就是让北方公众尝尝战争的滋味。
He wanted them to experience it, to know what it was like to have an invading army pass through their neighborhoods, he wanted them to suffer the humiliation of being occupied temporarily by an enemy army.
他想让他们体验一下，让他们知道侵略军从他们家附近经过是什么感觉，他想让他们遭受暂时被敌军占领的屈辱。
Narrator: In mid-summer 1862 -- with his Army in order -- Lee struck north.
旁白：1862 年仲夏，李带着他的军队向北进攻。
Weeks of skirmishing came to a crescendo at the Battle of Second Manassas -- where Lee's Army sent Union troops reeling back toward the fortifications of Washington.
数周的小规模冲突在第二次马纳萨斯战役中达到了高潮，李的军队将联邦军队击退至华盛顿的防御工事。
A week later, the Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River into Union territory for the first time.
一周后，北弗吉尼亚军团首次越过波托马克河进入联邦领土。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): Soldiers, press onward!
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：士兵们，继续前进！
and our sister States will soon be released from tyranny, and our independence be established on a sure and abiding basis.
我们的姐妹国家很快就会摆脱暴政，我们的独立将建立在可靠和持久的基础上。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: The Army of Northern Virginia is an army that has really sort of a split personality.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：北弗吉尼亚陆军是一支真正具有分裂人格的军队。
One personality is this extraordinary confidence in their leader, extraordinary high morale, a belief they can't be conquered.
一个人的性格就是对他们的领导者的非凡的信心，非凡的高昂士气，以及他们无法被征服的信念。
But at the same time it is an army that was being worn down.
但与此同时，这支军队却在日渐衰弱。
Lee was pushing these men beyond the logistical capacity of that army.
李将这些人推到了军队的后勤能力之外。
Narrator: By the middle of September, after weeks of long hot marches on short rations, Lee's army was divided and badly damaged: a third of his men were gone -- killed, wounded, captured or simply scared off.
旁白：到了九月中旬，经过数周的长途跋涉，口粮短缺，李的军队分裂并受到严重破坏：他的三分之一的人都消失了——被杀、受伤、被俘或只是被吓跑了。
"When I say that they were hungry," a Maryland citizen wrote of Lee's soldiers, "I convey no impression of the gaunt starvation that looked from their cavernous eyes ...
一位马里兰州公民在谈到李的士兵时写道：“当我说他们饿了时，我并没有从他们那双深邃的眼睛中看到那种憔悴的饥饿感……”
that they would march or fight at all seemed incredible."
他们竟然会游行或战斗，这似乎令人难以置信。”
And yet when he got reports of McClellan's much larger force readying an attack at Sharpsburg, Maryland, near Antietam Creek, Lee refused to retreat.
然而，当他收到麦克莱伦的大部队准备攻击安提特姆溪附近的马里兰州夏普斯堡时，李拒绝撤退。
And he stood with his ragged undermanned force, personification of what one observer later called "antique heroism."
他和他那支衣衫褴褛、人手不足的部队站在一起，是一位观察家后来称之为“古董英雄主义”的化身。
Winston Groom, Writer: At Antietam, Sharpsburg, when McClellan made his big assault it's hard to imagine the amount of dangerous material that's flying around at any given time.
温斯顿·格鲁姆（Winston Groom），作家：在夏普斯堡的安提特姆，当麦克莱伦发动大规模袭击时，很难想象在任何特定时间飞来飞去的危险物质的数量。
And these guns could put up 50- or 100,000 bullets in the air at any given moment.
这些枪可以在任何特定时刻向空中发射 50 或 100,000 发子弹。
People were getting hit and killed all the time and, and artillery is exploding.
人们一直被击中和死亡，而且大炮正在爆炸。
And people screaming and hollering.
还有人们的尖叫声和叫喊声。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Lee literally moved back and forth along the lines.
加拉格尔，历史学家：李确实沿着这条线来回移动。
He came under fire more than once.
他不止一次受到攻击。
He clearly understood that his army was in a desperate position.
他清楚地知道，自己的军队已经陷入了绝境。
But outwardly he was absolutely calm in very difficult circumstances.
但表面上他在非常困难的情况下绝对冷静。
And I think that was part of his self-control; that was part of his belief that you needed to demonstrate the kind of behavior that you wanted your soldiers and your subordinates to exhibit.
我认为这是他自我控制的一部分。这是他信念的一部分，即你需要表现出你希望你的士兵和下属表现出的行为。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He parries very well.
伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔，传记作者：他的招架得很好。
It's almost like a fencing match that he's able to ward off every blow that the Union gives them -- which are some pretty substantial blows -- by somehow patching together the right number of people, getting them into the right place.
这几乎就像一场击剑比赛，他能够通过某种方式将正确数量的人拼凑在一起，让他们到达正确的位置，从而抵御联盟给予他们的每一次打击——这是一些相当重大的打击。
Narrator: Across a four-mile front, through the "savage continual thunder" of artillery, through wave after wave of attack -- while ammunition ran short and men scattered and Lee scrambled reinforcements into the line -- the Army of Northern Virginia stood its ground...
旁白：跨越四英里的战线，穿过炮火的“野蛮连续雷霆”，穿过一波又一波的攻击——当弹药短缺、士兵四散、李紧急调动增援部队时——北弗吉尼亚军团坚守阵地……
for 14 hours.
14小时。
When nightfall finally brought to a halt the bloodiest single day of combat in American history, Lee's army was on the brink of destruction: almost 14,000 of his men had been captured, wounded or killed.
当夜幕降临最终结束了美国历史上最血腥的一天的战斗时，李的军队正处于毁灭的边缘：他的近 14,000 名士兵被俘、受伤或阵亡。
And McClellan had fresh troops to throw at the battle the next day.
麦克莱伦在第二天派出了新的部队参加战斗。
But as a new dawn rose over those killing fields, the Army of Northern Virginia remained.
但当新的黎明升起在这些杀戮场上时，北弗吉尼亚军团仍然留存。
And General Lee kept his men there throughout that day, daring McClellan to try them again, shoving the carnage under McClellan's nose.
那天，李将军把他的人都留在那里，鼓励麦克莱伦再试一次，把大屠杀推到麦克莱伦的眼皮子底下。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: Lee himself, I think, had his fighting blood up and believed that he could withstand more attacks.
传记作者托马斯：我认为李本人已经充满了斗志，相信自己能够承受更多的攻击。
But he I also think he wanted to make his army know that they were tougher than their enemies.
但他我也认为他想让他的军队知道他们比敌人更坚强。
Narrator: McClellan shied again; and the following day, Lee grudgingly began to pull his army back home to Virginia.
旁白：麦克莱伦再次回避了；第二天，李不情愿地开始将他的军队撤回弗吉尼亚老家。
But the Confederate commander had brought the war home to the North.
但南方邦联指挥官却把战争带回了北方。
A Union soldier from Connecticut, surveying the bloated and blackening corpses near Sharpsburg, wrote to his family: "Think now of the horrors of such a scene as lies all around us.
一名来自康涅狄格州的联邦士兵在观察夏普斯堡附近肿胀、发黑的尸体时，写信给他的家人：“现在想想我们周围这样的场景是多么恐怖。
There were hundreds of horses, too, all mangled and putrifying, scattered everywhere!
还有数百匹马，都残破不堪，腐烂不堪，散落在各处！
...The farm-houses and barns knocked to pieces and burned down, the crops trampled and wasted, the whole country forlorn and desolate."
......农舍和谷仓被撞成碎片并被烧毁，庄稼被践踏和浪费，整个国家荒凉而荒凉。”
Lee's campaign had struck a blow at northern morale, but he hadn't anticipated the grit of the Union leader.
李的竞选活动打击了北方的士气，但他没有预料到这位联邦领导人的勇气。
In the days after the battle, Abraham Lincoln chastised, then fired George McClellan, declared Antietam a victory for Union, and then issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in every state in rebellion.
战争结束后的几天里，亚伯拉罕·林肯严厉谴责了乔治·麦克莱伦，然后解雇了乔治·麦克莱伦，宣布安提特姆战役为联邦的胜利，然后发布了《解放奴隶宣言》，解放了各州叛乱中的奴隶。
Winston Groom, Writer: That was in effect throwing down yet another gauntlet to the South because after that a negotiated settlement would be a practical impossibility.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：这实际上是向南方发出了又一次挑战，因为在那之后，通过谈判解决问题实际上是不可能的。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: The Emancipation Proclamation changed the terms of the whole war in Lee's view.
加拉格尔，历史学家：在李看来，《解放奴隶宣言》改变了整个战争的条款。
It was a war where everything was at stake now in the Confederacy, the entire social fabric -- not just whether or not you'd have a new slave holding republic, but whether or not you would have the slave-based social system that had been present for more than 200 years.
在这场战争中，联邦、整个社会结构的一切都岌岌可危——不仅仅是是否会拥有一个新的奴隶制共和国，而且是否会拥有已经存在了 200 多年的以奴隶为基础的社会体系。
Narrator: "What we have hitherto seen," wrote the Richmond Examiner , "is but the prelude of the war which will now begin."
旁白：“我们迄今为止所看到的，”里士满审查员写道，“只是现在即将开始的战争的序幕。”
Lee's prophecy of a long and bloody fight had come to pass.
李关于一场漫长而血腥的战斗的预言已经成为现实。
After two full years, and scores of thousands of lives lost, the war was a stalemate.
整整两年过去了，数十万人丧生，战争陷入僵局。
Neither side had gained much ground.
双方都没有取得多少进展。
In March 1863, the opposing armies were settled in on either side of the Rappahannock River, near Fredericksburg, Virginia, awaiting the spring thaw.
1863 年 3 月，敌对双方军队驻扎在弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克斯堡附近的拉帕汉诺克河两岸，等待春季解冻。
For nearly four months, General Lee had been living in a canvas tent, in an island of mud.
近四个月来，李将军一直住在一座泥岛上的帆布帐篷里。
"The general was never so comfortable," wrote a staff aide, "as when he was uncomfortable."
一位幕僚助理写道：“将军从来没有像他不舒服的时候那么舒服。”
But the quiet wore on Lee...
但李却陷入了沉默……
and shortened his temper.
并缓和了他的脾气。
His staff officers had learned to read the signs: when they saw the general's neck and head twitch -- "snapping at his ear," one aide called it -- they knew he was about to kick.
他的参谋们已经学会了解读这些迹象：当他们看到将军的脖子和头部抽搐时——一位助手称之为“猛击他的耳朵”——他们就知道他要踢了。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: Lee was notorious for a very difficult temper.
历史学家格拉塔尔：李因脾气暴躁而臭名昭著。
He exploded on staff officers.
他向参谋人员发起攻击。
He could be nasty.
他可能很讨厌。
And he yelled at A.P.
他对美联社大喊大叫。
Hill on several occasions, actually humiliated him in front of others.
希尔有好几次，居然当着别人的面羞辱了他。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He's not particularly easy to work with.
传记作者伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：与他共事并不是特别容易。
He sometimes blames his staff for things that he has done wrong, mistakes he has made and then he can't apologize.
有时他会因为自己做错的事、自己犯下的错误而责怪员工，但他却无法道歉。
He has trouble apologizing.
他很难道歉。
At one point he wrote to his daughter, Agnes, and said that, you know, "The young soldiers don't really enjoy the company of the old general." And he said, "Actually I'm so cross that I'm not worth being around anymore anyway."
有一次，他写信给女儿艾格尼丝，说，你知道，“年轻的士兵并不真正喜欢老将军的陪伴。”他说：“事实上，我太生气了，无论如何我都不值得再待在身边了。”
Narrator: Lee would not permit himself the luxury of friendship and society that winter.
旁白：那个冬天，李不允许自己享受友谊和社交的奢侈。
No one heard him complain about the loss of Arlington, or the unexpected deaths of his only two grandchildren -- a two-year-old boy and an infant girl he'd never seen.
没有人听到他抱怨失去阿灵顿，或者他仅有的两个孙子的意外死亡——一个两岁的男孩和一个他从未见过的女婴。
And when Lee received news that his daughter Annie had died of scarlet fever, he mourned her alone.
当李收到女儿安妮死于猩红热的消息时，他独自哀悼她。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): My dearest Mary...
李（：克里斯·萨兰登）：我最亲爱的玛丽......
Old age and sorrow is wearing me away...
衰老和悲伤正在吞噬我......
I feel oppressed by what I have to undergo for the first time in my life.
我对人生中第一次必须经历的事情感到压抑。
In the quiet hours of the night, when there is nothing to lighten my grief, I feel as if I should be overwhelmed.
在夜深人静的时候，当没有什么可以减轻我的悲伤时，我感觉自己好像应该不知所措。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: The amount of paperwork that was flowing into his headquarters was absolutely staggering.
Glatthaar，历史学家：流入他总部的文书工作量绝对是惊人的。
He was blitzed with paperwork and he was trying to plan for the spring campaign.
他忙着处理大量的文书工作，并试图为春季竞选活动做计划。
All the while he was feeling terrible.
一直以来，他都感觉很糟糕。
The evidence seems to indicate that Lee suffered a massive heart attack.
证据似乎表明李患有严重的心脏病。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: He did begin this physical decline, really, in the spring of 1863.
传记作者托马斯：他的身体确实开始衰退，确实是在 1863 年春天。
And most people don't realize it because Lee denied it himself to himself and tried to rise above it and not act the invalid, which at that time he certainly was.
大多数人都没有意识到这一点，因为李自己否认了这一点，并试图超越它，不表现得像个病人，而当时他确实是这样。
Narrator: In the last days of April, as Lee struggled to regain his physical strength, the Union Army, under a new commander, General Joseph Hooker, made the sort of bold and precise flanking move Lee had dreamed of for his own army.
旁白：四月的最后几天，当李努力恢复体力时，联邦军在新任指挥官约瑟夫·胡克将军的领导下，采取了李为自己的军队所梦想的大胆而精确的侧翼行动。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: Hooker, in dividing his army, put Lee in a, in a vice essentially.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：胡克在分裂他的军队时，本质上把李置于一个困境中。
There were Union forces that were at Fredericksburg and then the bulk of the Union army was advancing from the West toward Lee's forces.
联邦军队驻扎在弗雷德里克斯堡，然后联邦军队的主力从西部向李的军队推进。
One would expect that Lee would have retreated to the South closer to Richmond.
人们预计李会撤退到靠近里士满的南方。
And that would seem to have been really the only option.
这似乎是唯一的选择。
Narrator: Even ailing and outmaneuvered, Robert E.
旁白：即使身患重病且智取失败，罗伯特·E.
Lee was not about to turn and run.
李并不打算转身逃跑。
Instead, he countered with his most daring and dangerous move to date.
相反，他采取了迄今为止最大胆、最危险的举动进行反击。
He sent half his army, led by his most aggressive commander, Stonewall Jackson, on a 14-mile stealth march to attack Hooker's right flank.
他派出一半的军队，由他最具侵略性的指挥官斯通沃尔·杰克逊率领，进行 14 英里的秘密行军，攻击胡克的右翼。
If the attack failed, the Army of Northern Virginia would likely be destroyed.
如果袭击失败，北弗吉尼亚军团很可能会被摧毁。
Jackson's attack caused a panic in the Union lines...
杰克逊的袭击在联邦防线中引起了恐慌......
and for the next two days, Lee's divided army fought its way through Hooker's men.
在接下来的两天里，李的分兵部队在胡克的部队中杀出一条血路。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: The climactic fighting at Chancellorsville came on May 3rd.
加拉格尔，历史学家：切斯勒斯维尔的战斗高潮发生在 5 月 3 日。
It was a hugely costly day -- more than 8,000 Confederate casualties.
这是损失惨重的一天——超过 8,000 名南方邦联人员伤亡。
But at the end of the morning's fighting the two wings of Lee's army came together in one of the few clearings in this heavily wooded part of Virginia.
但在上午的战斗结束时，李军队的两翼在弗吉尼亚州这片树木繁茂的地区为数不多的空地之一汇合。
And as the army's wings came together Lee rode into an amazing scene.
当军队的两翼聚集在一起时，李骑马进入了一个令人惊叹的场景。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: They were of course driving the Union army away from the field.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：他们当然是在把联邦军队赶出战场。
And there was Robert E.
还有罗伯特·E.
Lee amongst his victorious troops, the Chancellor House in flames, and those men cheering on their general.
李和他胜利的军队在一起，总理府在火焰中，还有那些为将军欢呼的人。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: One of his staff officers says it was from a scene like this that in the olden days men rose to the dignity of gods.
传记作者托马斯：他的一位参谋说，正是从这样的场景中，过去的人们才获得了神的尊严。
And this was probably Lee's finest hour.
这可能是李最辉煌的时刻。
And he knew it.
他知道这一点。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: It's the moment at which the bond between Lee and his soldiers was absolutely sealed.
加拉格尔，历史学家：这是李和他的士兵之间的纽带完全牢固的时刻。
His men came to believe that they could achieve anything as long as he was in command.
他的手下开始相信，只要他在指挥，他们就能取得任何成就。
And I think he believed that with his soldiers he could do almost anything.
我认为他相信，有了他的士兵，他几乎可以做任何事情。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): There never were such men -- in any army before and there never can be better in any army again.
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：以前在任何军队中都从来没有这样的人，而且在任何军队中也不会再有这样的人了。
If properly led, they will go anywhere and never falter at the work before them.
如果领导得当，他们将去往任何地方，并且毫不犹豫地完成眼前的工作。
Narrator: Lee knew northern morale was badly shaken by the stunning Confederate victory at Chancellorsville.
旁白：李知道南方军在切斯勒斯维尔取得的惊人胜利严重动摇了北方的士气。
Now was the time, he reckoned, to drive a stake through the heart of the Union cause.
他认为，现在是时候将木桩刺入联邦事业的核心了。
This army of his, these men, could do it.
他的这支军队，这些人，可以做到。
Lee got his chance in the first days of July 1863, when the opposing armies stumbled onto each other near the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg.
1863 年 7 月的头几天，李得到了机会，当时敌对双方的军队在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡附近相遇。
For two full days of long light, Lee pushed his men to break the lines of the Army of the Potomac .
在整整两天的长光中，李推动他的部下突破了波托马克军团的防线。
.
。
.
。
and they came tantalizingly close to taking the well-entrenched Union positions.
他们非常接近占据根深蒂固的联邦立场。
On the third day, July 3rd, Lee decided to go for broke.
第三天，即 7 月 3 日，李决定孤注一掷。
He ordered a barrage of artillery to soften up Union positions on Cemetery Ridge, where General Pickett's infantry division would spearhead a full-force, every-man-on-the-line frontal assault.
他下令进行炮火攻击，以削弱联邦军在公墓岭的阵地，皮克特将军的步兵师将在那里带头发起全员、全员的正面进攻。
When subordinate commanders warned that their enemy's defenses were too strong, and their own men too fatigued, Lee waved them off.
当下级指挥官警告说，敌人的防御太强大，而自己的士兵太疲劳时，李挥手让他们离开。
Winston Groom, Writer: I believe that he had every confidence that those men that he sent up there with General Pickett on that final day were gonna split that Union Army in two and get 'em off that hill and send 'em flying back to Washington.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：我相信他完全有信心，他在最后一天派出的那些人与皮克特将军一起前往那里，会把联邦军分成两部分，然后让他们离开那座山，然后让他们飞回华盛顿。
He was wrong.
他错了。
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: He was stunned.
历史学家戈登：他惊呆了。
He was shocked to see the results.
看到结果他很震惊。
The reinforcements that were supposed to come in didn't happen.
原本应该到来的援军并没有到来。
Men got lost, men panicked.
人们迷失了方向，人们惊慌失措。
And he's devastated by this -- devastated by it -- watching this moment unfold before his eyes.
他被这一切击垮了——被这一切击垮了——看着这一刻在他眼前展开。
Narrator: Lee saw more than half his infantry fall that day; Pickett alone lost two-thirds of his division.
旁白：那天，李亲眼目睹了他一半以上的步兵阵亡；皮克特一人就损失了三分之二的师资。
Lee did manage to avert fatal destruction.
李确实设法避免了致命的破坏。
But the army he'd created...
但他创建的军队...
and loved so well...
并如此深爱...
and trusted so deeply...
并如此深深地信任...
was wrecked.
被毁了。
That night, when battle finally ceased, an aide caught a glimpse of Lee in the moonlight; revealing an "expression of sadness I had never before seen upon his face."
那天晚上，当战斗最终结束时，一名助手在月光下瞥见了李；露出“我以前从未在他脸上看到过的悲伤表情”。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): Soldiers!
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：士兵们！
We have sinned against Almighty God.
我们得罪了全能的上帝。
We have cultivated a revengeful, haughty, and boastful spirit.
我们养成了报复心、傲慢心、自夸心。
We have not remembered that the defenders of a just cause should be pure in His eyes...
我们没有记住，正义事业的捍卫者在他眼中应该是纯洁的……
Let us humble ourselves before Him.
让我们在他面前谦卑自己。
Let us confess our many sins, and beseech Him to give us a higher courage, a purer patriotism, and more determined will.
让我们承认自己的许多罪孽，祈求上帝赐予我们更大的勇气、更纯洁的爱国主义和更坚定的意志。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: He really did believe that God was ordering things.
加拉格尔，历史学家：他确实相信上帝在安排一切。
And if difficult things happen that meant you had to just try harder.
如果发生困难的事情，就意味着你必须更加努力。
You had to deal with them and move on.
你必须对付他们并继续前进。
You couldn't wallow in self-pity.
你不能沉溺于自怜之中。
Michael Fellman, Historian: Even though there fewer of us, and even though things are desperate, if we are internally true servants of God and have cleansed ourselves of our pride God will shine his light on us and we will win despite the odds.
历史学家迈克尔·费尔曼：尽管我们人数较少，尽管情况令人绝望，但如果我们内心是上帝真正的仆人，并洗净了自己的骄傲，上帝就会将他的光芒照耀在我们身上，尽管困难重重，我们仍将获胜。
And so he did believe that they could stand at the pass.
所以他确实相信他们能够站在关口。
And if they're brave enough and strong enough they can yet win.
如果他们足够勇敢、足够强大，他们仍然可以获胜。
Narrator: The forces against Lee's cause had grown stronger, the cost of the war more dear.
旁白：反对李的事业的势力越来越强大，战争的代价也越来越昂贵。
One of Lee's sons was a prisoner of war; his daughter-in-law was on her deathbed; and his wife and daughters were camped out at a rented house in Richmond.
李的一个儿子是一名战俘；他的儿媳妇已临终。他的妻子和女儿们在里士满的一处租来的房子里露营。
And Robert E.
还有罗伯特·E.
Lee was more committed than ever to the dream of winning independence for a slave-holding Confederate nation...
李比以往任何时候都更加致力于为奴隶制南部邦联国家赢得独立的梦想......
but that meant he would have to rally his people to meet his standards.
但这意味着他必须团结他的人民来达到他的标准。
There was no room for doubt, for fear, for anything less than absolute devotion to the Confederate cause.
没有任何怀疑、恐惧的余地，除了对南方邦联事业的绝对奉献之外，没有任何余地。
Michael Fellman, Historian: There's some incredible letters to his daughters during the war saying stop having so much fun.
迈克尔·费尔曼，历史学家：战争期间，有一些令人难以置信的信写给他的女儿们，说不要再玩得太开心了。
Stop going to parties.
别再去参加聚会了。
Behave yourself.
表现自己。
Sew more socks for the soldiers.
为士兵们缝更多的袜子。
Discipline yourselves.
约束自己。
This is a trial for us all and we're sent here to fight this trial with every ounce of our being.
这对我们所有人来说都是一次考验，我们被派到这里是要竭尽全力对抗这场考验。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Lee was not sympathetic to soldiers who didn't do their duty from his perspective -- deserters, shirkers.
加拉格尔，历史学家：李并不同情那些在他看来没有履行职责的士兵——逃兵、偷懒者。
Lee's response to desertion was often, "we need to hang some people."
李对开小差的反应常常是：“我们需要绞死一些人。”
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: So what we have in September of 1863 is not just a spike in desertion, but a spike in execution.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：所以我们在 1863 年 9 月所看到的不仅仅是逃兵的激增，还有执行的激增。
There's nearly 40 men who are killed in Lee's army while in Virginia in September of 1863.
1863 年 9 月，李的军队在弗吉尼亚州有近 40 名士兵阵亡。
He recognized that the cohesiveness of his army, its military efficiency, depended upon him making those kinds of tough decisions.
他认识到，他的军队的凝聚力和军事效率取决于他做出的这些艰难决定。
And he was willing to live with the moral consequences of it.
他愿意承担由此带来的道德后果。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Executions were elaborately choreographed for maximum effect.
加拉格尔，历史学家：处决经过精心设计，以达到最大效果。
Large numbers of men would be drawn up in a three-sided formation.
大量人员将排成三边形。
The accused put at the open end.
被告置于开放端。
The coffin would be there.
棺材就在那儿。
The grave would be there.
坟墓就在那儿。
The man would be executed and then sometimes several thousand soldiers would be marched past the corpse before the whole event was over.
该男子将被处决，有时在整个事件结束之前，数千名士兵会被列队经过尸体。
These were meant to send a message.
这些是为了传达一个信息。
Narrator: First reports of troop movements started coming into Lee's headquarters just after midnight, May 4th, 1864.
旁白：1864 年 5 月 4 日午夜刚过，有关部队调动的第一份报告开始送达李的总部。
The Army of the Potomac -- now nearly twice the size of Lee's own -- was thundering across two pontoon bridges to the south shore of the Rapidan River near Fredericksburg, Virginia, disappearing into the dark tangle of woods where Lee's men had dug in.
波托马克军团——现在的规模几乎是李的军队的两倍——正轰鸣着穿过两座浮桥，到达弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克斯堡附近的拉皮丹河南岸，消失在李的部队挖坑的黑暗杂乱的树林中。
The President of the United States had drawn a bulls-eye on Robert E.
美国总统把靶心瞄准了罗伯特·E·肯尼迪。
Lee and his army...
李和他的军队...
and pointed it out to his new general-in-chief, the hero of the war in the West.
并向他的新任总司令、西方战争的英雄指出了这一点。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: Ulysses S.
加拉格尔，历史学家：尤利西斯·S.
Grant's taking the field in Virginia in the spring of 1864 absolutely underscores how important Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia were.
1864 年春天，格兰特在弗吉尼亚上战场，这绝对凸显了李和北弗吉尼亚陆军的重要性。
Grant could have run the war from anywhere.
格兰特可以在任何地方指挥战争。
His friend, Sherman, said, "For God's sake, don't go to the East.
他的朋友谢尔曼说：“看在上帝的份上，不要去东方。
Congress is in the East.
国会位于东部。
Newspapers are in the East.
报纸在东方。
Run the war from the West with the telegraph." But Grant knew he had to go east because the people of the United States demanded that their great soldier, Grant, go head-to-head with Lee.
用电报从西方控制战争。”但格兰特知道他必须向东走，因为美国人民要求他们伟大的战士格兰特与李并肩作战。
Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia were not intimidated by the arrival of U.S. Grant.
李和北弗吉尼亚陆军并没有被美国格兰特的到来吓倒。
Their attitude was "Grant's done great things in the West.
他们的态度是“格兰特在西方做了伟大的事情。
He hasn't faced us or R.E.
他还没有面对过我们或 R.E.
Lee in the West.
李在西。
And now he's gonna find out what it's like to be up against the first string."
现在他要知道对抗第一根弦是什么感觉。”
Winston Groom, Writer: The Southerners believed that they were gonna win somehow.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：南方人相信他们会以某种方式获胜。
They believed God was on their side.
他们相信上帝站在他们一边。
So did the North.
北方也是如此。
And I don't know I don't think God can be on everybody's side, but that's what they thought.
我不知道我是否认为上帝会站在每个人一边，但这就是他们的想法。
They all thought that.
他们都这么想。
Narrator: Grant commenced his attack at first light, the 5th of May.
旁白：格兰特在 5 月 5 日黎明时分开始进攻。
And for three days in that mottled jack-oak forest, with wildfires devouring the wounded and soldiers engaged in desperate hand-to-hand combat, Lee's men held off Grant's larger force -- then shoved it back.
在斑驳的杰克橡树林里三天，野火吞噬着伤员，士兵们进行着殊死的肉搏战，李的部下抵挡住了格兰特的大部队，然后将其击退。
It appeared that Grant -- like McClellan and Hooker before him -- was going to be forcibly ejected from Virginia by Lee's army.
看来格兰特——就像他之前的麦克莱伦和胡克一样——将被李的军队强行驱逐出弗吉尼亚。
Ervin L.
欧文·L。
Jordan, Jr., Historian: The Union troops, the Army of the Potomac, was a bit dispirited because you take on Lee you lose.
小乔丹，历史学家：联邦军队，波托马克军团，有点沮丧，因为你输给了李。
And they actually said to themselves, you know, "licked again." And Grant had ordered a retreat for the moment.
他们实际上对自己说，你知道，“又舔了。”格兰特已经下令暂时撤退。
And as they were retreating they came to this fork in the road.
当他们撤退的时候，他们来到了这个岔路口。
And Grant and his staff were on horseback sitting there.
格兰特和他的幕僚骑在马背上坐在那里。
Now if they were told to go to the left the soldiers knew they were retreating and heading back to the safety of Washington D.C. If they went to the right they were gonna be circling, continuing on to probably take on Lee again.
现在，如果他们被告知向左走，士兵们就知道他们正在撤退，并返回安全的华盛顿特区。如果他们向右走，他们就会盘旋，继续前进，可能会再次与李作战。
So as the soldiers approached, Grant's sitting on horseback, his cigar's in his mouth, and he very silently just points to the right.
因此，当士兵们靠近时，格兰特坐在马背上，嘴里叼着雪茄，默默地指着右边。
Grant was not retreating.
格兰特并没有撤退。
Winston Groom, Writer: Grant hung on like a pit bull.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：格兰特像斗牛犬一样坚持着。
And everywhere Lee went he followed him.
无论李走到哪里，他都跟着他。
He chased him all over Virginia.
他追遍了弗吉尼亚各地。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: The Overland Campaign between May and mid-June 1864 was a complete break with what had come before during the Civil War; before there had been a battle and then a long period perhaps before another one.
加拉格尔，历史学家：1864 年 5 月至 6 月中旬的陆路战役与内战期间的情况完全不同；在发生一场战斗之前，也许在另一场战斗之前很长一段时间。
But when Lee and Grant hooked up, there are gigantic battles one after another with virtually no respite.
但当李和格兰特勾搭上时，一场又一场的激烈战斗几乎没有喘息的机会。
Narrator: Lincoln had finally found a commander who was willing to apply the terrifying mathematical reality: the North simply had more men to throw on the pile.
旁白：林肯终于找到了一位愿意应用可怕的数学现实的指挥官：北方只是有更多的人可以投入。
And as Grant pressed his advantage, the Army of Northern Virginia bled...
当格兰特发挥自己的优势时，北弗吉尼亚军队流血了……
three of Lee's corps commanders were knocked out of the battle; his trusted calvary commander, Jeb Stuart, was killed.
李的三名军指挥官在战斗中阵亡；他信任的骑兵指挥官杰布·斯图尔特被杀。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: Lee had to, on a number of occasions, assert himself in the field, expose himself to enemy fire because of the fact that he could not either trust certain commanders or he had lost men in the field.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：李不得不多次在战场上维护自己的地位，将自己暴露在敌人的火力之下，因为他要么不能信任某些指挥官，要么在战场上失去了士兵。
And so taking on those increased demands and those burdens in the field they took a tremendous physical and emotional toll on him.
因此，在现场承担这些增加的要求和负担，对他的身体和情感造成了巨大的伤害。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: He got very little sleep.
加拉格尔，历史学家：他睡眠很少。
One of his staff officers said not more than two hours of sleep per night in a row.
他的一名参谋表示，每晚连续睡眠时间不得超过两个小时。
Lee was past his mid-50s.
李已经50多岁了。
This was a very difficult period for him.
这对他来说是一段非常困难的时期。
And the one time that we know for certain that he broke down physically came at the North Anna in late May when he literally was confined to his cot and could not take the field even though there was an opening to deal a significant blow against Grant's army.
我们确信有一次他的身体崩溃发生在五月下旬的北安娜，当时他真的被限制在他的小床上，无法上场，尽管有机会对格兰特的军队造成重大打击。
Narrator: As Lee languished, officers closest to him wondered if their commander was finally spent.
旁白：当李日渐衰弱时，最接近他的军官们想知道他们的指挥官是否终于被废了。
His heart troubles had never really abated; he'd talked at various times about taking himself out of the battle...
他的心脏问题从未真正减轻过。他曾多次谈到要退出战斗……
and now it appeared to some he'd be compelled to do so.
现在，在一些人看来，他似乎被迫这样做了。
Instead, Lee hauled himself out of his army cot and back to the campaign.
相反，李从军床上爬起来，回到了竞选活动中。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: He was doing everything he'd done before and more.
加拉格尔，历史学家：他正在做他以前做过的一切，甚至更多。
He was absolutely unsparing of himself in that regard, held himself to a very high standard.
在这方面他对自己绝对不留情面，对自己的要求非常高。
And he expected no less from everyone who served under him.
他对所有在他手下服役的人的期望也同样高。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: Lee could never see in other people weakness.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：李永远看不到别人的弱点。
He saw in himself this amazing ability to sacrifice physically as well as emotionally, to go at great lengths to fulfill his obligations to the Confederacy and he expected, demanded, that everyone below him, all the way down to the private, no matter how difficult their hardships may, might be that they also do their duty.
他在自己身上看到了这种令人惊叹的能力，可以牺牲身体和情感，不遗余力地履行他对联邦的义务，他期望并要求他下面的每个人，一直到私人，无论他们的困难有多么困难，他们也可能履行自己的职责。
Narrator: Lee stood toe-to-toe with Grant for six bloody weeks.
旁白：李与格兰特针锋相对地度过了血腥的六个星期。
When the Overland campaign ground to a halt at the end of June, 100,000 men had been killed or maimed.
当陆上战役于 6 月底停止时，已有 10 万人被杀或致残。
The wastage backed up into both capitals.
浪费又回到了两国首都。
Washington's hospitals overflowed; its cemeteries were full.
华盛顿的医院人满为患；它的墓地已经满了。
U.S. Quartermaster Montgomery C.
美国军需官蒙哥马利 C.
Meigs got permission from Abraham Lincoln to turn Lee's home, Arlington, into a military burial ground.
梅格斯得到了亚伯拉罕·林肯的许可，将李位于阿灵顿的家变成了军事墓地。
And he made sure some of the first graves were right next to the house, in Mary Lee's flower garden.
他确保最初的一些坟墓就在房子旁边，玛丽·李的花园里。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: Meigs felt that Lee should have to look at this.
传记作者伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔：梅格斯认为李应该看看这个。
Should he ever be able to come home again he would have to look at what he had been responsible for.
如果他能够再次回家，他就必须审视自己所承担的责任。
He would have to look at these graves and see the carnage that he had created.
他必须看看这些坟墓，看看他所造成的屠杀。
Narrator: By the fall of 1864 Grant had shoved Lee's Army of Northern Virginia back into its holes, into muddy defensive trenches outside Petersburg, Virginia.
旁白：1864 年秋，格兰特将李的北弗吉尼亚军团推回了原来的位置，进入了弗吉尼亚州彼得堡外泥泞的防御战壕。
The last, best hope for the Confederacy was politics: the presidential election of 1864.
南部邦联最后也是最好的希望是政治：1864 年的总统选举。
But that hope died when Abraham Lincoln defeated the Peace Party candidate, George McClellan.
但当亚伯拉罕·林肯击败和平党候选人乔治·麦克莱伦时，这一希望破灭了。
Winston Groom, Writer: I think Lee knew certainly that the cause was lost.
温斯顿·格鲁姆（Winston Groom），作家：我想李肯定知道这个事业已经失败了。
He knew when you're besieged, you're besieged.
他知道当你被围困时，你就被围困了。
There was no way out.
没有出路。
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas, Biographer: I think Lee persisted in the belief that he was a professional.
传记作者托马斯：我认为李坚持认为他是一名专业人士。
He was a soldier.
他是一名士兵。
His duty was to fight.
他的职责是战斗。
Narrator: The hurt for Lee was watching the demise of his Army.
旁白：李的伤痛是目睹他的军队的灭亡。
He had birthed and nurtured it -- had made it an extension of his own person -- and now he had to watch it suffer in the muddy trench.
他生下了它，养育了它——让它成为了他自己的延伸——现在他不得不看着它在泥泞的战壕里受苦。
Winston Groom, Writer: It was an ongoing tragedy the last day of the -- well the last week of the war.
温斯顿·格鲁姆，作家：战争的最后一天，也就是战争的最后一周，这是一场持续不断的悲剧。
I mean he saw his army falling apart in front of him and there was nothing he could do about it.
我的意思是，他看到他的军队在他面前崩溃，而他却无能为力。
He knew that basically the game was up.
他知道比赛基本上已经结束了。
The choices were getting fewer by the hour.
选择越来越少。
Narrator: In early April, 1865, Grant began inviting Lee to give up the fight...
旁白：1865 年 4 月初，格兰特开始邀请李放弃战斗……
and Lee finally relented.
李终于妥协了。
"I suppose there is nothing for me to do but go and see General Grant," he told an aide.
“我想我除了去见格兰特将军之外没有什么可做的，”他告诉一名助手。
"And I would rather die a thousand deaths."
“而我宁愿死一千次。”
Emory M.
埃默里·M。
Thomas: Lee went off by himself in an orchard.
托马斯：李独自一人去了果园。
His staff tried to keep people away from him because he had to come to terms really with the death of his army.
他的幕僚试图让人们远离他，因为他必须真正接受他的军队的死亡。
This was what he had given his life to and he realized I'm sure that he would never do anything so important again.
这就是他奉献一生的事业，他意识到我确信他再也不会做如此重要的事情了。
And he'd failed.
但他失败了。
And it was over.
一切都结束了。
Narrator: In a meeting with Grant at a private home in Appomattox, Virginia, in April 1865, Lee agreed to surrender his Army of Northern Virginia...
旁白：1865 年 4 月，李在弗吉尼亚州阿波马托克斯的一处私人住宅中与格兰特会面时，同意交出他的北弗吉尼亚军团……
on Grant's terms.
按照格兰特的条件。
Lee was obliged to beg Grant for food for his defeated men, but he refused to betray a scintilla of emotion to his conquerer.
李不得不向格兰特乞求为他的战败者提供食物，但他拒绝向他的征服者流露出一丝情感。
"Whatever his feelings," Grant later wrote, "they were entirely concealed from my observation."
“无论他的感受如何，”格兰特后来写道，“它们完全被我的观察所掩盖。”
As Lee strode out onto the porch following the meeting, one of his staff officers saw the familiar twitch and flush at the general's neck...
当李在会议结束后大步走上门廊时，他的一名参谋看到将军脖子上熟悉的抽搐和红晕……
heard Lee's voice break as he called for his horse.
当李呼唤他的马时，他听到了他的声音。
Joseph T.
约瑟夫·T。
Glatthaar, Historian: And then he returned back to his headquarters tent.
Glatthaar，历史学家：然后他回到了总部的帐篷。
As he went by, Porter Alexander had arranged for soldiers to be standing along alongside the road to salute their commander.
当他经过时，波特·亚历山大安排士兵们站在路边向他们的指挥官致敬。
Then Lee, in conjunction with Charles Marshall, drafted General Order Number Nine in which he announced the surrender to the troops.
随后，李与查尔斯·马歇尔一起起草了第九号将军令，宣布向部队投降。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：经过四年的艰苦服役，以无与伦比的勇气和毅力为标志，北弗吉尼亚陆军被迫屈服于压倒性的数量和资源。
Michael Fellman, Historian: He's saying, "it wasn't our inward fortitude that lost, it wasn't that our cause wasn't just.
历史学家迈克尔·费尔曼：他是说，“我们失去的不是内心的坚韧，也不是我们的事业不公正。
They had more guns and they had more men and they crushed us with superior material force.
他们有更多的枪，有更多的人，他们用优越的物质力量压垮了我们。
And that implies we still have superior moral force.
这意味着我们仍然拥有优越的道德力量。
The cause for which we fought is as noble as it always was."
我们为之奋斗的事业一如既往地崇高。”
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: Lee is saying to himself, "Yes, it was still worth the effort." He had given it his all and never shirked from doing that and that that was meritorious in itself.
传记作者伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：李对自己说：“是的，这仍然值得付出努力。”他已经付出了自己的一切，从不逃避这样做，而这本身就是功德。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee (: Chris Sarandon ): You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you His blessing and protection....
李（克里斯·萨兰登）：你会因忠实地履行职责而感到满足，我恳切地祈祷仁慈的上帝会赐福给你并保护你......
"I, Robert Edward Lee...
“我，罗伯特·爱德华·李……
do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the Union of the States thereunder, and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves, so help me God."
在全能的上帝面前庄严宣誓，我将从此忠实地支持、保护和捍卫美国宪法及其下的联邦，并且我将以同样的方式遵守并忠实地支持在现有叛乱期间制定的有关解放奴隶的所有法律和公告，所以请上帝帮助我。”
Narrator: In April of 1865, a defeated Robert E.
旁白：1865 年 4 月，战败的罗伯特·E.
Lee returned to his wife and family...
李回到妻子和家人身边......
at their rented home on Franklin Street in Richmond.
他们在里士满富兰克林街租来的房子里。
Only the charity of President Lincoln and General Grant saved him from being hanged as a traitor.
只有林肯总统和格兰特将军的仁慈才使他免于被作为叛徒绞死。
For the next five years, Lee hid himself away at the presidency of a small college in the mountains of western Virginia.
在接下来的五年里，李隐居在弗吉尼亚州西部山区的一所小学院担任院长。
When he felt able, Lee took solitary rides on his horse, Traveller, confiding to his old war-time companion.
当他感觉可以的时候，李会独自骑上他的马“旅行者”，向他的战时老伙伴倾诉心事。
"I feel sure of his discretion," he wrote to a friend.
“我对他的判断力充满信心，”他在给朋友的信中写道。
Gary W.
加里·W.
Gallagher, Historian: He was extremely unhappy with much of the political landscape in the wake of the war.
加拉格尔，历史学家：他对战后的大部分政治格局极为不满。
But he kept that to himself.
但他把这件事留给了自己。
He believed that if you lose a war you do what the winner says to do.
他相信，如果你输掉了一场战争，你就按照胜利者所说的去做。
And I think that's what he tried to do after the Civil War in a public sense.
我认为这就是他在内战结束后在公共意义上试图做的事情。
In a public sense it was all about reunion and reconciliation.
从公共意义上来说，这一切都是为了团聚与和解。
In a private sense a very different story.
从私人意义上来说，这是一个非常不同的故事。
Peter S.
彼得·S。
Carmichael, Historian: R.E.
卡迈克尔，历史学家：R.E.
Lee to the day he died believed that the wrong side had won this war.
李直到去世那天都相信错误的一方赢得了这场战争。
And that was something that he could not explain away easily.
这是他无法轻易解释的事情。
And so the faith that he had that there was a God who would in fact favor his people and that God was just and righteous -- R.E.
因此，他相信有一位上帝实际上会眷顾他的子民，并且上帝是公正和公义的——R.E.
Lee had a very difficult time reconciling that belief to what he had seen on the battlefront and what he saw after Appomattox.
李很难将这种信念与他在前线和阿波马托克斯之后所看到的情况调和起来。
He saw a landscape now peopled with individuals that he couldn't recognize.
他看到一片风景，现在挤满了他认不出来的人。
These are not slaves anymore, they're free black people and they're asserting their political rights.
他们不再是奴隶，他们是自由的黑人，他们正在维护自己的政治权利。
There are poor white people who are demanding to be treated with the same respect that a slave-holder was treated with.
有些贫穷的白人要求得到与奴隶主同等的尊重。
So Lee comes into those that post period bewildered.
所以李进入了那些后时期感到困惑的人。
Narrator: Robert E.
叙述者：罗伯特·E.
Lee had little inclination to work through what his life and his war had meant...
李无意去了解他的生活和战争意味着什么......
and even less time.
甚至更少的时间。
In October of 1870, just five and a half years after his surrender, Lee suffered a massive stroke and died a few days later, at home in Virginia, surrounded by his family.
1870 年 10 月，李投降仅五年半后，李遭遇严重中风，几天后在家人陪伴下在弗吉尼亚州的家中去世。
In death, as in life, Robert E.
在死亡中，就像在生中一样，罗伯特·E.
Lee divided the nation.
李分裂了国家。
The former slave Frederick Douglass spoke for those who were offended by the "nauseating flatteries of Robert E.
前奴隶弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 为那些因“罗伯特·E·道格拉斯 (Robert E.
Lee"...
李”...
"It would seem that the soldier who kills the most men in battle, even in a bad cause, is the greatest Christian, and entitled to the highest place in heaven."
“看起来，在战斗中杀死最多人的士兵，即使是出于不良原因，也是最伟大的基督徒，并且有权获得天堂的最高地位。”
Southern partisans deified their now-fallen commander, placing his memory at the head of a grand and noble Lost Cause.
南方游击队将他们现已倒下的指挥官神化，将他的记忆置于伟大而崇高的失败事业的首位。
The glory that eluded Lee in life attached itself to him in death, turning him, literally, into a bronzed god, a marble man.
李生前未能获得的荣耀在他死后却附着在他身上，将他变成了一个古铜色的神，一个大理石人。
Michael Fellman, Historian: The minute he dies at the first memorial services both General Early, who was really the political leader of this Lost Cause movement, and Jefferson Davis gave eulogies.
历史学家迈克尔·费尔曼：他在第一次追悼会上去世的那一刻，厄尔利将军（这场“失败事业”运动的真正政治领袖）和杰斐逊·戴维斯都发表了悼词。
And they said, "More than being a great general and a great man he was a pure Christian.
他们说：“他不仅仅是一位伟大的将军和伟人，他还是一位纯粹的基督徒。
And his soul was clear and clean." It was as if they are saying he was a saint.
他的灵魂清澈干净。”就好像他们在说他是一位圣人。
So he can stand in for all that's best in us and we can strive the way he strove and reach this place of a Christian white commonwealth where all is pure.
因此，他可以代表我们最好的一切，我们可以像他一样努力奋斗，并达到基督教白人联邦的这个地方，那里一切都是纯洁的。
Narrator: For the next quarter century, admirers of the Confederate cause funded and erected monuments to Robert E.
旁白：在接下来的四分之一个世纪里，南方邦联事业的崇拜者资助并为罗伯特·E·肯尼迪建立了纪念碑。
Lee by the scores.
李以分数为准。
And for a full century after his death, the memory of General Lee was rigorously burnished...
在李将军去世后的整整一个世纪里，人们对李将军的记忆都被严格地打磨着……
and not just by Southerners.
不仅仅是南方人。
President Theodore Roosevelt called Lee, "the very greatest of all the great captains that the English-speaking peoples have brought forth."
西奥多·罗斯福总统称李为“英语国家人民培养出来的所有伟大的船长中最伟大的一位”。
"We recognize Robert E.
“我们认识罗伯特·E.
Lee as one of our greatest American Christians," said President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, "and one of our greatest American gentlemen."
李是我们最伟大的美国基督徒之一，”富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统说，“也是我们最伟大的美国绅士之一。”
Lee himself had had to face the hard and un-idealized truth.
李本人也不得不面对残酷且非理想化的事实。
He looked around at the end of his life, and what he saw was misery.
在生命的尽头，他环顾四周，看到的是痛苦。
His soaring ambition, his superhuman physical stamina and his unbending resolve had been devastating to those closest to him.
他高涨的野心、超人的体力和不屈不挠的决心对他最亲近的人来说是毁灭性的打击。
Virginia had been driven to its knees, his family estate lost, his sons financially beleagured, his daughters homebound and unhappy...
弗吉尼亚被逼到了崩溃的地步，他的家族财产被失去，他的儿子们陷入了经济困境，他的女儿们被困在家里并且不快乐……
none would marry, partly because a generation of well-bred Southern males had died in their father's army.
没有人愿意结婚，部分原因是一代有教养的南方男性死在了他们父亲的军队中。
Lesley J.
莱斯利·J。
Gordon, Historian: This is a man who had pretty much devoted his whole adult life to being a professional soldier.
历史学家戈登：这是一个几乎将整个成年生活奉献给职业军人的人。
And really the biggest trial and test of his career was the Civil War, which meant turning on his former comrades, his nation, which of course his own father had helped to create.
事实上，他职业生涯中最大的考验和考验是内战，这意味着他要向他以前的战友、他的国家发起攻击，当然，这个国家是他自己的父亲帮助创建的。
And he failed.
但他失败了。
Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Biographer: He told one of his colleagues at Washington College that he thought the great mistake of his life, the great mistake of his life was having taken a military education.
传记作家伊丽莎白·布朗·普赖尔（Elizabeth Brown Pryor）：他告诉华盛顿学院的一位同事，他认为他一生中最大的错误，他一生中最大的错误就是接受了军事教育。
And I think it's rather tragic if he truly believed that because it's almost like showing a sense of disappointment in his whole life, that the whole trajectory of his life from the time that he first went to West Point had come out to be something that he viewed as being a mistake, a failure, something he regretted.
我认为，如果他真的相信这一点，那就相当悲惨了，因为这几乎就像表现出他一生中的一种失望感，从他第一次去西点军校开始，他的整个人生轨迹被他视为一个错误，一个失败，一个他后悔的事情。
Robert Edward Lee was the fourth child born to Colonel Harry and Ann Lee, prominent members of the Virginia aristocracy.
罗伯特·爱德华·李是弗吉尼亚贵族哈里上校和安·李所生的第四个孩子。
Explore a timeline of his life.
探索他的人生时间表。
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee was a central character in America's defining national trauma, the Civil War.
李是美国决定性的国家创伤——内战中的核心人物。
Explore other facets of his life through images.
通过图像探索他生活的其他方面。
The Army of Northern Virginia, commonly referred to as "Lee's Army," was the Confederacy's main fighting force in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War.
北弗吉尼亚军团，通常被称为“李氏军团”，是内战东部战区南部邦联的主要作战力量。
No man proved a more worthy opponent to Ulysses S.
事实证明，没有人比尤利西斯·S·更有价值的对手。
Grant than Confederate General Robert E.
格兰特比南方邦联将军罗伯特·E.
Lee.
李.
General Lee explains his reasoning behind his resignation from the U.S. Armed Forces.
李将军解释了他从美国武装部队辞职的原因。
The official surrender document of Lee's troops to the Union Army, signed at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.
李的军队向联邦军投降的正式文件，于 1865 年 4 月 9 日在阿波马托克斯法院签署。
To many a symbol of slavery and oppression, the Confederate general remains a source of fascination and, for some, veneration.
对于许多人来说，这位南方邦联将军是奴隶制和压迫的象征，但他仍然是令人着迷的源泉，对某些人来说，也是崇拜的源泉。