Kissinger

President-Elect Nixon today named Dr. Henry Kissinger, the German-born Harvard professor, as his White House policy advisor on defense and foreign affairs.

当选总统尼克松今天任命德国出生的哈佛大学教授亨利·基辛格博士为白宫国防和外交事务政策顾问。

I enthusiastically accept this assignment and I shall serve the President-Elect with all my energy and dedication.

我热情地接受这项任务，并将尽我全部的精力和奉献精神为当选总统服务。

I have tried to avoid labels like hard and soft.

我尽量避免贴上“硬”和“软”之类的标签。

Here’s this Harvard professor, kind of a nerd, a nerdish guy, that became one of the most powerful men in the world.

这位哈佛大学教授是一个书呆子，一个书呆子，却成为世界上最有权势的人之一。

I believe that what America does is of great consequence to the peace of the world and to the progress of humanity.

我相信美国的所作所为对世界和平和人类进步具有重大影响。

We are not talking about an attack on a neutral country.

我们不是在谈论对中立国家的攻击。

The question about the relationship of morality to foreign policy is a very complex one.

关于道德与外交政策的关系的问题是一个非常复杂的问题。

Sometimes statesmen have to choose among evils.

有时政治家必须在邪恶之中做出选择。

I believe we have an obligation to prevent the totalitarians from taking over the world by force.

我相信我们有义务阻止极权主义者用武力占领世界。

Nobody, before or since, has played such an important role in American foreign policy.

无论是在此之前还是之后，都没有人在美国外交政策中发挥过如此重要的作用。

We've had to recognize it's Henry Kissinger's world.

我们必须承认这是亨利·基辛格的世界。

Tonight, Henry Kissinger talks about war and peace and his decisions at the height of his powers.

今晚，亨利·基辛格谈论战争与和平以及他在权力巅峰时的决定。

I was brought up in a totalitarian society, and therefore I had perhaps a better sense for the fragility of institutions, and for the potential evil that can break forth when restraints disappear.

我是在极权社会中长大的，因此我也许对制度的脆弱性以及当限制消失时可能爆发的潜在邪恶有更好的认识。

One has to remember that Henry Kissinger was born at a time when Germany was in a state of near revolutionary upheaval.

人们必须记住，亨利·基辛格出生于德国近乎革命剧变的时期。

In the 1920s, the economic crisis of hyperinflation that engulfs Weimar Germany, combined with the sense of grievance about the terms imposed on Germany after the First World War, generates the rise of a very vicious right-wing fascist movement, for whom Jews are the scapegoats.

20 年代，席卷魏玛德国的恶性通货膨胀经济危机，加上人们对第一次世界大战后强加给德国的条款的不满，导致了非常恶毒的右翼法西斯运动的兴起，犹太人成为了他们的替罪羊。

And the Kissingers, like a lot of German Jews had no sense of what was going to come for them in the 1930s.

基辛格夫妇和许多德国犹太人一样，完全不知道 20 世纪 30 年代他们会面临什么。

Fürth in Bavaria had a significant Jewish population in the 1920s.

20 世纪 20 年代，巴伐利亚菲尔特 (Fürth) 拥有大量犹太人口。

Heinz Kissinger is born into one of the Orthodox families in Fürth, and grows up in a middle-class Jewish household.

海因茨·基辛格出生于菲尔特的一个东正教家庭，并在一个中产阶级犹太家庭中长大。

Heinz had two distinctive features: a brilliant mind, an indefatigable energy.

海因茨有两个显着的特点：聪明的头脑和不知疲倦的精力。

Well if he got the brilliance from his father Louis, he got that endless energy from his mother, Paula.

如果说他从父亲路易斯那里得到了才华，那么他从母亲宝拉那里得到了无尽的能量。

Their Jewishness is serious – they're Orthodox.

他们的犹太血统很严重——他们是东正教徒。

They're kosher.

他们是犹太洁食的。

But in terms of their work and education lives, they see themselves integrated in German culture.

但在工作和教育生活方面，他们认为自己融入了德国文化。

Henry was born in ‘23 and Walter was born in ‘24.

亨利出生于23年，沃尔特出生于24年。

And they were terribly naughty and hard to handle.

而且他们非常调皮，很难对付。

But the childhood came to an abrupt end with the rise of the Nazis.

但随着纳粹的崛起，童年戛然而止。

The Jewish community, which had been very well integrated into a fairly liberal and cultured Germany, suddenly finds itself the target of the wrath of the German right.

已经很好地融入了相当自由和有文化的德国的犹太社区突然发现自己成为德国右翼愤怒的目标。

For people like the Kissingers, this is a shock.

对于像基辛格夫妇这样的人来说，这是一个震惊。

There is a deep reluctance to believe the depth that this depravity can reach.

人们非常不愿意相信这种堕落能够达到如此严重的程度。

I was prohibited to go to German schools.

我被禁止去德国学校。

All the German people with whom my parents associated more or less cut off all contact with us.

所有与我父母有联系的德国人都或多或少地切断了与我们的联系。

A policy of segregation for Jewish people was created and my father lost his job.

制定了针对犹太人的种族隔离政策，我父亲失业了。

Because Louis is an employee of the German state he is sacked and it devastates him.

因为路易斯是德国政府的雇员，所以他被解雇了，这对他来说是毁灭性的打击。

He got so much fulfillment out of his job as a teacher, and then suddenly he was bereft, he was lost, and he withdraws in on himself, and Kissinger feels distanced from his father.

他从教师的工作中获得了如此多的成就感，然后突然间他失去了，他迷失了，他自我封闭，基辛格感到与他的父亲疏远了。

My father was a teacher and not a practical man, and he was sort of paralyzed in the face of the evil the Nazis represented.

我的父亲是一名教师，而不是一个务实的人，面对纳粹所代表的邪恶，他有点瘫痪了。

I can't imagine how destabilizing and terrifying it must have been for Kissinger to see that world around him that he so admired turning against him, that a society that was seemingly so civilized, so refined could descend into this kind of madness.

我无法想象，当基辛格看到他如此钦佩的周围世界与他为敌，一个看似如此文明、如此优雅的社会竟然陷入这种疯狂时，他会感到多么不稳定和恐惧。

There is a sense of a lost world that he'll never be able to return to.

有一种失落的世界，他永远无法回到的感觉。

His childhood featured that profound loss of innocence, of joy and prosperity and ease.

他的童年明显丧失了纯真、快乐、繁荣和安逸。

That was a wrench in my life that had a deep impact on me.

那是我人生中的一个扳手，对我产生了深远的影响。

It was the possibility that what had given you security could disintegrate.

给你安全感的东西有可能瓦解。

My mother was extremely practical and she decided that they should leave Germany.

我母亲非常实际，她决定他们应该离开德国。

My father didn’t object.

我父亲没有反对。

I was mainly afraid for the children.

我主要是担心孩子们。

You saw that they were so isolated.

你看到他们是如此孤立。

In 1938, they leave.

1938年，他们离开了。

They take a couple of trunks with a few precious personal items, and then they have to leave everything behind.

他们带着几个箱子和一些珍贵的个人物品，然后他们不得不把所有东西都抛在脑后。

The Kissingers left in the nick of time, just weeks before the huge pogrom that we know as Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass.

基辛格夫妇在千钧一发之际离开了，就在我们称之为“水晶之夜”的大屠杀前几周。

Mobs across Germany torched Jewish homes, they attacked Jewish people in the streets, they destroy synagogues.

德国各地的暴民烧毁了犹太人的房屋，他们在街上袭击了犹太人，他们摧毁了犹太教堂。

And in Fürth they drag as many Jews as they can to the town center.

在菲尔特，他们将尽可能多的犹太人拖到市中心。

And they have to stand there and watch as the synagogue burns to the ground.

他们必须站在那里，看着犹太教堂被烧毁。

The Kissingers are not spared the Holocaust in Germany.

基辛格家族也未能幸免于德国的大屠杀。

Kissinger loses thirteen members of his family in the Holocaust, and I think for Kissinger, it generated a deep pessimism about the idea that norms and rules are gonna protect you.

基辛格在大屠杀中失去了十三名家人，我认为对基辛格来说，这让他对规范和规则会保护你的想法产生了深深的悲观情绪。

Really, at the end of the day, the only thing that's gonna protect you is power.

真的，归根结底，唯一能保护你的就是权力。

There was this cousin of mine who brought us here, and when we arrived by boat, as we came down the gangplank, he said, “your name now is Henry.”

我的一个表弟带我们来到这里，当我们乘船到达时，当我们走下跳板时，他说：“你现在的名字是亨利。”

The Kissingers settle in Washington Heights, which has a large community of German Jews.

基辛格一家定居在华盛顿高地，这里有一个庞大的德国犹太人社区。

It's known as Frankfurt on the Hudson, or the fourth Reich.

它被称为哈德逊河畔的法兰克福，或第四帝国。

And they try and build a life that to an extent mirrors the one they've left.

他们试图建立一种在某种程度上反映他们离开时的生活。

We didn't have any money.

我们没有钱。

My brother and I slept in the living room.

我和弟弟睡在客厅。

We had no privacy.

我们没有隐私。

But I did not feel that I was suffering.

但我并不觉得自己很痛苦。

The challenge, of course, was to arrive in the United States in the Depression.

当然，挑战是来到大萧条时期的美国。

That was why Henry Kissinger had to get a job.

这就是亨利·基辛格必须找工作的原因。

He worked in a shaving brush factory.

他在一家剃须刷工厂工作。

He went to night school.

他去了夜校。

He didn't have the opportunity to have a lot of fun, but he also seems to have felt an enormous sense of relief because he didn't have to cross the street to get away from kids who would beat him up.

他没有机会享受很多乐趣，但他似乎也感到一种巨大的解脱感，因为他不必穿过马路来摆脱那些会殴打他的孩子。

He starts to study and he immerses himself in the very vital life of New York City in the late 1930s.

他开始学习，沉浸在 20 世纪 30 年代末纽约市充满活力的生活中。

I think he fell in love with New York, very quickly.

我认为他很快就爱上了纽约。

He fell in love with baseball.

他爱上了棒球。

And he fell in love with my mother.

他爱上了我的母亲。

The attack was carried out by Jap torpedo planes together with dive bombers.

这次袭击是由日本鱼雷机和俯冲轰炸机一起实施的。

Kissinger is at a football game, comes out and sees that newspaper boy with the headline saying “Pearl Harbor Attacks.” And he doesn't have any idea where Pearl Harbor is.

基辛格正在观看一场橄榄球比赛，出来时看到那个报童的标题是“珍珠港袭击”。而且他根本不知道珍珠港在哪里。

Immediate response from the Youth of America.

美国青年立即做出回应。

Army, Navy, and Marine recruiting stations close to overflowing.

陆军、海军和海军陆战队的征兵站几乎人满为患。

Most teenagers pretty quickly figured out that they might not be interested in war, but war was likely gonna be interested in them.

大多数青少年很快就发现他们可能对战争不感兴趣，但战争可能会让他们感兴趣。

The second number which has just been drawn is 192.

刚刚抽出的第二个号码是 192。

This is the army, Mr. Greene!

这是军队，格林先生！

The US army was not a tremendously discerning institution in the early phase of World War II.

在二战初期，美国陆军并不是一个非常有洞察力的机构。

It took its young men from wherever it could and from wherever they’d come from.

它从任何可能的地方以及他们来自的地方带走年轻人。

He is drafted in 1943 and he's sent to a rifle company in the 84th Infantry Division of the rail splitters.

他于 1943 年应征入伍，被派往第 84 步兵师铁路分路器的一个步枪连。

Initially, the young Henry Kissinger found himself in this extraordinary melting pot of young men in training camps that were spartan to put it mildly.

最初，年轻的亨利·基辛格发现自己置身于训练营中这个由年轻人组成的非凡大熔炉中，温和地说，这些训练营是斯巴达式的。

I thought it was a tremendous experience.

我认为这是一次很棒的经历。

Not every minute of which I enjoyed, but I now think it was one of the most important experiences of my life.

虽然不是我享受其中的每一分钟，但我现在认为这是我一生中最重要的经历之一。

These are the men who served in the 84th Infantry Division, a division that distinguished itself in a series of critical engagements during World War II.

这些人曾在第 84 步兵师服役，该师在二战期间的一系列关键战役中表现出色。

Kissinger lands in France five months after D-Day in November, 1944, and someone clearly recognizes his linguistic talents, and he's put into the counterintelligence part of the 84th Infantry Division.

1944 年 11 月诺曼底登陆五个月后，基辛格登陆法国，有人清楚地认识到他的语言天赋，于是他被编入第 84 步兵师的反情报部门。

It’s not long after D-Day that Kissinger finds himself in one of the great battles of the war in Europe, the Battle of the Bulge.

诺曼底登陆后不久，基辛格发现自己陷入了欧洲战争中最伟大的战役之一——突出部战役。

The fighting was hard.

战斗非常艰苦。

The Germans put up stiff resistance, the casualties were high.

德军顽强抵抗，伤亡惨重。

The 84th is trapped in a Belgian town, Marche-en-Famenne, and Kissinger works in the courthouse with the general and other staff monitoring everything and helping to organize the defense of the town.

第 84 团被困在比利时的法梅讷地区马尔什镇，基辛格在法院工作，与将军和其他工作人员一起监视一切并帮助组织该镇的防御。

It was especially dangerous for Kissinger because as a German Jew by birth, he risked execution if he were captured.

这对基辛格来说尤其危险，因为作为出生的德国犹太人，如果他被捕，他将面临被处决的危险。

After the Battle of the Bulge, the 84th Infantry Division heads towards the city of Hanover, where they come across the Ahlem concentration camp, and it is a horrendous place.

突出部战役后，第84步兵师向汉诺威市进发，在那里他们遇到了阿莱姆集中营，那是一个可怕的地方。

Out of a thousand Polish men brought here ten months prior to April 1945, only two hundred remained.

1945 年 4 月前 10 个月，1000 名波兰男子被带到这里，只剩下 200 人。

Prisoners who could walk were removed before American troops entered Hanover.

在美军进入汉诺威之前，能够行走的囚犯就被带走了。

The others were left to starve and die.

其他人只能挨饿、死去。

Horrified, they radioed to the headquarters, which is where Kissinger is, and he drives up.

他们惊恐万状，用无线电联系基辛格所在的总部，基辛格开车过来。

And they come into this camp and Kissinger is just staggered by it.

他们来到这个阵营，基辛格对此感到震惊。

When questioned, most of these men could not remember when they'd last eaten a decent meal.

当被问及时，这些人中的大多数人都不记得他们上次吃过一顿像样的饭是什么时候。

Many had been beaten and tortured so long, their minds had failed.

许多人长期遭受殴打和折磨，他们的心智已经崩溃。

My father described his experience, liberating the Ahlem concentration camp as something that words could not entirely communicate.

我父亲描述了他解放阿勒姆集中营的经历，这是言语无法完全表达的事情。

To him, it always was the most horrendous thing that he'd ever seen.

对他来说，这始终是他见过的最可怕的事情。

The victims relate the atrocity stories and photographs are made for further documentation of the horrors committed at the Hanover camp.

受害者讲述了暴行的故事，并拍摄了照片，以进一步记录汉诺威集中营发生的恐怖事件。

The power of knowing that it could have been him in that camp.

知道那个营地里可能有他的力量。

That stays with Henry Kissinger.

亨利·基辛格对此深有体会。

The deaths continue even after the liberation of the camp.

即使集中营解放后，死亡事件仍在继续。

Some are too far gone when the Americans took over.

当美国人接管时，有些已经走得太远了。

It was an illustration for him that strength was an unavoidable facet of resisting evil.

这对他来说是一个例证：力量是抵抗邪恶不可避免的一个方面。

That the attempt to deal with evil through compromise sometimes was not enough.

有时，试图通过妥协来应对邪恶是不够的。

After the war, Kissinger writes to the mother of an old friend of his from Fürth who had survived a concentration camp, he writes to warn her of what her son will now be like.

战后，基辛格写信给他一位来自菲尔特的老朋友的母亲，这位朋友在集中营中幸存下来，他写信警告她她的儿子现在会是什么样子。

Kissinger writes, he has not only suffered, but he has lived in an anarchic world in which is survival of the fittest in which there is no order, there is no structure or sense of society.

基辛格写道，他不仅遭受了苦难，而且还生活在一个适者生存的无政府世界，没有秩序，没有社会结构或意识。

It's a warning that morality has its limits.

这是一个警告：道德有其局限性。

And that this was about power and strength and survival, above all else.

这首先关系到权力、力量和生存。

The problem now is future peace.

现在的问题是未来的和平。

That is your job in Germany.

这就是你在德国的工作。

You'll see ruins, you'll see flowers, you'll see some mighty pretty scenery.

你会看到废墟，你会看到鲜花，你会看到一些美丽的风景。

Don't let it fool you.

不要让它欺骗你。

You are in enemy country.

你在敌国。

Be alert, suspicious of everyone, take no chances.

保持警惕，对每个人都保持怀疑，不要冒险。

Germany in 1945 was in a state of collapse.

1945年的德国正处于崩溃状态。

Proven war criminals must answer for their crimes.

已被证实的战犯必须为其罪行承担责任。

As a member of the counterintelligence corps, Kissinger had to find out who were the Nazis?

作为反情报部队的一员，基辛格必须找出谁是纳粹分子？

So Kissinger went from fighting Germans to trying to understand them.

因此基辛格从与德国人作战转向试图理解他们。

Somewhere in this Germany are stormtroopers by the thousands out of sight, part of the mob, but still watching you and hating you.

在德国的某个地方，有成千上万的冲锋队在看不见的地方，他们是暴徒的一部分，但仍然注视着你，憎恨着你。

Trust none of them.

不相信他们中的任何一个。

At a very young age, my father was given enormous authority over an area around Hanover to apprehend high-ranking Nazis.

在我很小的时候，我的父亲就被赋予了在汉诺威周边地区逮捕纳粹高级分子的巨大权力。

My job was to arrest all Nazis above a certain level.

我的工作是逮捕所有一定级别以上的纳粹分子。

And at that time, of course, every German claimed that he hadn't been a Nazi.

当然，当时每个德国人都声称自己不是纳粹分子。

For someone so young, it's a lot of responsibility, and he carries out the job effectively.

对于一个如此年轻的人来说，这是一个很大的责任，而他有效地完成了这项工作。

It’s a rather extraordinary thought that the young twenty-two, twenty-three year-old Henry Kissinger is in this position of power over the very people who had been murdering his relatives, the very people who had driven his family across the Atlantic.

这是一个相当非同寻常的想法，年轻的二十二岁、二十三岁的亨利·基辛格对那些谋杀他亲戚的人、那些驱赶他的家人跨越大西洋的人拥有这样的权力。

There's no vengeance in Kissinger.

基辛格没有复仇。

He is not searching for some kind of feeling of righteous vindication.

他并不是在寻找某种正义感。

He's not a black and white person.

他不是一个黑白分明的人。

He lives in the gray area in between.

他生活在两者之间的灰色地带。

There, Harvard, thy sons to thy jubilee throng, and with blessings, surrender thee o’er.

哈佛，你的儿子们来到你的禧年人群中，带着祝福，向你投降。

Kissinger enters Harvard on the GI Bill, alongside millions of other new college students who had served in the military.

基辛格通过《退伍军人权利法案》进入哈佛，与其他数百万曾在军队服役的新大学生一起。

And Kissinger is determined to take his own experiences and hit the ground running.

基辛格决心利用自己的经验并立即行动。

He was the proverbial young man in a hurry.

他是众所周知的匆忙的年轻人。

He tried many different subjects.

他尝试了许多不同的主题。

For a while, he was on track to be a chemistry professor.

有一段时间，他有望成为一名化学教授。

He also flirted with going to law school, but ultimately, his fascination with history and government prevailed.

他也曾考虑去法学院读书，但最终，他对历史和政府的迷恋占了上风。

The old regime in France was tyrannical, oppressive and…

法国的旧政权是残暴的、压迫性的……

Insofar as one could learn anything in preparation for a high governmental position, I think a study of history is the best preparation.

就一个人可以学习任何东西来为担任高级政府职位做准备而言，我认为学习历史是最好的准备。

He was definitely someone who was determined to conquer academia through sheer hard work and labor, not someone who joined college activities, joined college clubs.

他绝对是一个立志要通过纯粹的努力和劳动来征服学术界的人，而不是参加大学活动、参加大学社团的人。

He was very rigorous about just using all of his time for his studies.

他非常严格，只用所有的时间来学习。

He is the guy who's in the library 24/7, squirreled away in his dorm, reading from dawn to dusk, and so most of his Harvard contemporaries barely remember him.

他是那个 24/7 都在图书馆的人，躲在宿舍里，从早到晚读书，所以他的大多数哈佛同龄人几乎不记得他了。

He manages to sneak in a dog, and I think that's pretty much his only friend there, by all accounts.

他设法偷偷溜进了一只狗，据大家所说，我认为那几乎是他在那里唯一的朋友。

And then Kissinger writes his undergraduate thesis: “The Meaning of History.”

然后基辛格写下了他的本科论文：“历史的意义”。

Yes, the famous “Meaning of History.” An extraordinarily detailed and philosophical thesis, which grapples with the big questions of human life, human meaning, meaning of history.

是的，就是著名的《历史的意义》。这是一篇极其详细的哲学论文，探讨了人类生活、人类意义和历史意义等重大问题。

It was the longest senior thesis in Harvard history.

这是哈佛大学历史上最长的高级论文。

It was so long that Harvard had to introduce a rule that dissertations had to be, you know, within a certain word limit.

由于时间太长，哈佛不得不引入一项规则，即论文必须在一定的字数限制内。

“ The Meaning of History” is extraordinary, but undisciplined, unedited and confusing.

《历史的意义》非同寻常，但缺乏纪律性、未经编辑且令人困惑。

I have read it.

我已经读过了。

If you ask me if I understand it, I would bet, wanna punt that question, but it produces a summa cum laude degree and admission to the graduate program in government and history.

如果你问我是否理解，我敢打赌，我想回答这个问题，但它会产生一个最优等学位和政府和历史研究生课程的录取。

He spends many many years at Harvard and he’s just this very frustrated young PhD graduate who is kind of trying to find a place for himself, so what he does is kind of invents a place for himself.

他在哈佛大学度过了很多年，他只是一个非常沮丧的年轻博士毕业生，他试图为自己找到一个位置，所以他所做的就是为自己创造一个位置。

He studies the policies of European statesmen after the fall of Napoleon, and their attempts to bring about order and stability.

他研究拿破仑倒台后欧洲政治家的政策，以及他们为实现秩序和稳定所做的努力。

He does see it as an analogy for the world of the Cold War and of nuclear weapons, in which states have to balance against each other undergirded by a fear of what war is like.

他确实将其视为冷战和核武器世界的类比，在这个世界中，各国必须因对战争的恐惧而相互制衡。

The central problem of the Cold War was like a kind of chess game.

冷战的核心问题就像一盘棋。

There were two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.

有两个超级大国，美国和苏联。

All the rest of the world was a chessboard.

世界其他地方都是棋盘。

All the other pieces could be moved about that chessboard.

所有其他棋子都可以在棋盘上移动。

Diplomacy showed a way in which at least temporary peace could be achieved.

外交展示了一种至少可以实现暂时和平的方法。

It was not just accepting the world as it is, but understanding realities of power and manipulating power in order to achieve the ultimate goal, which was peace and stability.

它不仅仅是接受世界的本来面目，而是理解权力的现实并操纵权力以实现最终目标，即和平与稳定。

It's about building the right balance of power so that war is impossible.

这是为了建立正确的力量平衡，使战争成为不可能。

Victory is impossible, because then only through that would you prevent another war.

胜利是不可能的，因为只有这样你才能阻止另一场战争。

Machine guns chatter a song of death, and rockets hissed down with terrifying accuracy onto the Reds below.

机关枪奏响了死亡之歌，火箭以惊人的准确度嘶嘶地落向下面的红军。

Shortly after his graduation, the Korean War breaks out.

毕业后不久，朝鲜战争爆发。

The Korean War is really the Pearl Harbor of the Cold War.

朝鲜战争确实是冷战时期的珍珠港事件。

It was the moment when Americans could no longer ignore Stalin's ambitions to expand communism beyond the Soviet Union.

从那时起，美国人就不能再忽视斯大林将共产主义扩展到苏联以外的野心了。

The Democratic peoples must fight.

民主人民必须战斗。

And continue to fight until the grim red shadow that surrounds the world is dispelled.

并且继续战斗，直到包围世界的暗红色阴影被驱散为止。

We have a rising Cold War that now has become a hot war.

我们的冷战正在升级，现在已经变成了热战。

And I think what the Korean War does is it creates for the next fifty years in the United States, an axiom that if you ever give the Communists a little bit of space, they will seize it and seize more.

我认为朝鲜战争的作用是，它为美国未来五十年创造了一条公理：如果你给共产党一点点空间，他们就会抓住它，并抓住更多。

And so the United States has to be ever ready, has to be prepared for apocalypse at any moment.

因此，美国必须时刻做好准备，必须随时为世界末日做好准备。

Today every state, every city and town, is within striking range of a determined enemy…

今天，每个州、每个城市和城镇都处于顽敌的攻击范围内……

Even the pigeons take part as New York holds its biggest civil defense drill.

纽约举行最大规模的民防演习时，连鸽子也参加了。

The US strategy, which was called massive retaliation, was that if the Soviets use a single nuclear weapon against an American interest, the United States will hurl hundreds of nuclear missiles all the way to Moscow.

美国的战略被称为大规模报复，即如果苏联使用一枚核武器来损害美国的利益，美国将向莫斯科投掷数百枚核导弹。

Times Square waits, millions wonder: suppose it were real?

时代广场等待着，数百万人想知道：万一这是真的呢？

But if the Soviet Union did something in a second-tier European country, would we really sacrifice New York and Washington, by retaliating against them?

但如果苏联在欧洲二线国家做了什么，我们真的会牺牲纽约和华盛顿来报复他们吗？

Kissinger's thought was no, and everybody knows it.

基辛格的想法是否定的，这是每个人都知道的。

Kissinger understood that there was something absurd about a strategy which gave you a choice between capitulation or Armageddon.

基辛格明白，让你在投降和世界末日之间做出选择的策略有些荒谬。

And it was also true that there must be some limited use for nuclear weapons.

核武器的使用也必须受到一定程度的限制，这也是事实。

What is the role of nuclear weapons?

核武器的作用是什么？

What is the significance of conventional forces?

常规力量的意义何在？

He talked to the experts, picked their brains, and then wrote his own book and that book became Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy .

他与专家交谈，听取了他们的意见，然后写了自己的书，这本书就成了《核武器与外交政策》。

It was the book that made him famous.

正是这本书使他出名。

Henry Kissinger is the author of the bestseller Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy.

亨利·基辛格是畅销书《核武器与外交政策》的作者。

Kissinger is offering the possibly radical argument that the United States should be willing to use nuclear weapons in smaller wars.

基辛格提出了一个可能激进的论点，即美国应该愿意在较小的战争中使用核武器。

You think American strategy should be reevaluated to restore war as a usable instrument of policy?

您认为应该重新评估美国的战略，以恢复战争作为可用的政策工具？

American strategy has to face the fact that it may be confronted with war, and that if Soviet aggression confronts us with war and we are unwilling to resist, it will mean the end of our freedom.

美国的战略必须面对这样一个事实：它可能面临战争，如果苏联的侵略让我们面临战争而我们不愿意抵抗，那就意味着我们自由的终结。

It suddenly makes him a hugely important public intellectual.

这突然使他成为一个非常重要的公共知识分子。

He gets invited on television, he can write op-eds in the New York Times.

他被邀请上电视，他可以在《纽约时报》上写专栏。

He is now recognized as an important person in the conversations about the Cold War.

他现在被认为是冷战对话中的重要人物。

Dr. Kissinger, do you believe it’s true that we have no coherent strategy?

基辛格博士，您认为我们确实没有连贯的战略吗？

I have no doubt that our military services have a plan for every conceivable contingency.

我毫不怀疑我们的军队对每一种可以想象到的突发事件都有计划。

But I have the uneasy feeling that these plans are not the same in each service.

但我有一种不安的感觉，每个服务中的这些计划都不相同。

He's a very ambitious person, but he's also ambitious for his ideas.

他是一个非常有野心的人，但他也对自己的想法充满野心。

He wants to have an impact on history.

他希望对历史产生影响。

And he realizes that in order to do that, he must cultivate relationships with power.

他意识到，为了做到这一点，他必须培养与权力的关系。

So he begins to use the sort of cachet and prestige of Harvard to build relationships for himself beyond university.

因此，他开始利用哈佛大学的声望和威望为自己建立大学以外的关系。

Now, if you are a policy intellectual, you are pretty stupid if you don't get expert about what's gonna become the dominant, divisive, foreign policy issue of the later 1960s.

现在，如果你是一名政策知识分子，如果你不了解什么将成为 20 世纪 60 年代后期主导的、分裂的外交政策问题的专家，那你就相当愚蠢了。

And that is, the war in Vietnam.

那就是越南战争。

We do not want an expanding struggle with consequences that no one can perceive.

我们不希望一场扩大斗争并带来任何人都无法察觉的后果。

Nor will we bluster, or bully or flaunt our power.

我们也不会咆哮、欺凌或炫耀我们的力量。

But we will not surrender and we will not retreat.

但我们不会投降，也不会撤退。

The United States had been getting steadily more involved in Vietnam during the Kennedy administration, but it was under Lyndon Johnson, after Kennedy's assassination, that US involvement escalated and large numbers of US troops began to be committed.

在肯尼迪执政期间，美国一直在稳步加强对越南的介入，但在肯尼迪遇刺后林登·约翰逊的领导下，美国的介入升级，并开始派遣大量美军。

Retreat does not bring safety, and weakness does not bring peace.

退缩不带来安全，软弱不带来安宁。

The escalation really dates from ‘65, and that's the year that Kissinger first visits Vietnam.

升级实际上可以追溯到 65 年，那一年是基辛格首次访问越南。

Why did he go?

他为什么去？

Well, I think Kissinger was genuinely interested in the problem that was evolving in Vietnam.

嗯，我认为基辛格真正对越南正在演变的问题感兴趣。

The reports that he wrote from that and later trips to Vietnam in the mid-sixties are extraordinary, because he understood very quickly why the United States effort to prop up South Vietnam was failing.

他由此撰写的报告以及后来在六十年代中期对越南的访问都是非同寻常的，因为他很快就明白了为什么美国支持南越的努力失败了。

He recognizes that the United States is likely not able to prevail in the amount of time that public opinion would be supportive of the war effort.

他认识到，在公众舆论支持战争努力的时间内，美国可能无法取得胜利。

And he, from a very early point, believes that the United States has to find some type of negotiated solution.

他从很早的时候就认为美国必须找到某种类型的谈判解决方案。

I concluded then that there was no way of winning the war in the manner in which it was being conducted.

我当时得出的结论是，按照目前的方式进行战争是不可能获胜的。

So I felt from that moment on that we had to find a negotiated way out.

所以从那一刻起我就觉得我们必须通过谈判找到出路。

But I also felt that having committed that many forces we couldn’t simply walk away.

但我也觉得，既然付出了那么多的力量，我们就不能就这么走开。

Professor Henry A.

亨利·A.教授

Kissinger of Harvard.

哈佛大学的基辛格。

He’s been an advisor to the United States Government under four presidents and has recently returned from Vietnam.

他曾担任四任总统的美国政府顾问，最近从越南归来。

Professor Kissinger, I find American intervention in Vietnam as immoral as Nazi and Italian intervention in Spain before the last war.

基辛格教授，我发现美国对越南的干预就像上次战争前纳粹和意大利对西班牙的干预一样不道德。

Why don’t you?

你为什么不呢？

I don’t find the intervention in Vietnam immoral because our purpose is to give the people of South Vietnam a free choice.

我不认为对越南的干预是不道德的，因为我们的目的是让南越人民有自由选择的权利。

The Nazi intervention was to deprive the people of a free choice.

纳粹的干预是为了剥夺人民的自由选择。

And I would have thought that people in Britain should know the difference between American motivations and Fascist motivations.

我本以为英国人应该知道美国动机和法西斯动机之间的区别。

I bring with me the love of your families, and the affection of your friends.

我带来了你们家人的爱和你们朋友的感情。

I bring with me also the gratitude of the nation that you serve so honorable, and so loyally, and so well.

我还带来了国家的感激之情，感谢你们如此光荣、如此忠诚、如此出色地服务。

By 1968, what Kissinger had spotted in 1965 was becoming obvious even to President Lyndon Johnson.

到 1968 年，基辛格在 1965 年发现的情况甚至对林登·约翰逊总统来说也变得显而易见。

The war in Vietnam was proving extremely hard to win.

事实证明，越南战争的胜利极其艰难。

Americans risk, and sometimes give, all that they have half a world away from home.

美国人冒着风险，有时甚至付出他们在远离家乡的半个地球上所拥有的一切。

In order to try to figure out a graceful exit from Southeast Asia, a negotiation had to happen.

为了找到从东南亚优雅退出的办法，必须进行谈判。

Good Evening, my fellow Americans.

晚上好，我的美国同胞们。

Tonight I want to speak to you of peace in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.

今晚我想向大家谈论越南和东南亚的和平。

I shall not seek and I will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president.

我不会寻求也不会接受我的政党的连任总统提名。

President Johnson declared he would not run for reelection.

约翰逊总统宣布他不会竞选连任。

He was gonna devote himself to finding a solution, and he was coming close.

他将致力于寻找解决方案，而且他已经接近了。

The diplomatic deadlock over a site for the peace talks was finally broken.

围绕和谈地点的外交僵局终于被打破。

The North Vietnamese had revealed a willingness to talk, but only on their terms.

北越表示愿意进行谈判，但仅限于他们的条件。

In Paris, politics and diplomacy eventually assembled all parties to try to find peace in Vietnam.

在巴黎，政治和外交最终聚集了各方，试图在越南寻求和平。

Henry Kissinger had steered clear of Richard Nixon throughout his career as a policy intellectual, declining invitations to meet with Nixon because he really had a pretty low opinion of Nixon.

亨利·基辛格在政策知识分子的整个职业生涯中一直避开理查德·尼克松，拒绝与尼克松会面的邀请，因为他对尼克松的评价确实很低。

Henry Kissinger volunteered information to us through a spy he had, a former student, that he had in the Paris Peace Talks.

亨利·基辛格通过他在巴黎和谈中的一名间谍（以前的学生）自愿向我们提供了信息。

He called me from pay phones and we spoke in German.

他用公用电话给我打电话，我们用德语交谈。

And he offloaded mostly every night what had happened that day in Paris.

他几乎每晚都会讲述那天在巴黎发生的事情。

So he sends two different messages to Nixon on two different days in September, saying, “There’s this bombing halt coming.

因此，他在 9 月的不同日子里向尼克松发送了两条不同的信息，说：“轰炸即将停止。

I just want you to know, think about what your position is going to be.”

我只是想让你知道，想想你的立场是什么。”

Kissinger told the Nixon campaign, you know, “they’re getting closer to a deal.” And Nixon’s people told the South Vietnamese government that it would get better terms if Nixon was in the White House.

基辛格告诉尼克松竞选团队，“他们越来越接近达成协议。”尼克松的人民告诉南越政府，如果尼克松入主白宫，南越政府会得到更好的条件。

Having lost a close one eight years ago, and having won a close one this year I can say this: winning is a lot more fun.

八年前输掉一场势均力敌的比赛，今年赢得一场势均力敌的比赛，我可以这样说：获胜更有趣。

After the election, Nixon invites Kissinger to come to the Pierre Hotel in New York City.

大选结束后，尼克松邀请基辛格来到纽约皮埃尔酒店。

The Henry Kissinger who goes to the Pierre Hotel after Richard Nixon’s election victory is a player but a bit player.

理查德·尼克松当选后前往皮埃尔酒店的亨利·基辛格是一个球员，但只是一个小球员。

Nixon had a general disdain for academics but he wanted and needed a kind of authority that Henry gave him in academic terms.

尼克松普遍蔑视学术，但他想要并且需要亨利在学术方面赋予他的某种权威。

Kissinger had met Nixon just once before, and they have one of those awkward conversations which were Richard Nixon's signature dish.

基辛格之前只见过尼克松一次，他们的尴尬谈话之一是理查德·尼克松的招牌菜。

And that’s why Nixon’s decision to offer Kissinger the job of National Security Advisor came as such a surprise to Kissinger that he didn’t realize Nixon had offered him the job.

这就是为什么尼克松决定向基辛格提供国家安全顾问的职位让基辛格感到如此惊讶，以至于他没有意识到尼克松已经向他提供了这份工作。

Nixon is just so awkward with people that he had neglected to actually make the offer.

尼克松与人相处时太尴尬了，以至于他忽略了真正提出这个提议。

So Kissinger comes away from the meeting with Nixon and he gets a phone call from John Mitchell, who is the campaign manager, and Mitchell says,

基辛格结束与尼克松的会面后，接到了竞选经理约翰·米切尔的电话，米切尔说：

President-Elect Nixon made his first major foreign policy appointment today.

当选总统尼克松今天做出了他的第一个重大外交政策任命。

He named Harvard professor Henry Kissinger to be his Special Assistant for National Security Affairs.

他任命哈佛大学教授亨利·基辛格为他的国家安全事务特别助理。

Dr. Kissinger is a man who is known to all people who are interested in foreign policy as perhaps one of the major scholars in America and the world today in this area.

基辛格博士是所有对外交政策感兴趣的人都知道的人，他也许是当今美国乃至世界这一领域的主要学者之一。

The relationship between Nixon and Kissinger is fascinating and it becomes a bizarre marriage.

尼克松和基辛格之间的关系令人着迷，并成为一段离奇的婚姻。

There's a wariness they have of each other early on, but I think they each see quite a bit of themselves in the other.

他们很早就对彼此抱有戒心，但我认为他们都在对方身上看到了自己的影子。

The President-Elect and I have had many extensive conversations over the past week.

当选总统和我在过去一周进行了多次广泛的对话。

It quickly became clear to Nixon that Kissinger was an asset.

尼克松很快就意识到基辛格是一个资产。

First of all, he understood Nixon.

首先，他了解尼克松。

I enthusiastically accept this assignment, and I shall serve the President-Elect with all my energy and dedication.

我热情地接受这项任务，我将竭尽全力和奉献精神为当选总统服务。

Kissinger got inside his head super quickly and very quickly began to understand how to talk to this lonely, difficult, mistrustful man.

基辛格很快就进入了他的头脑，很快就开始理解如何与这个孤独、难相处、多疑的人交谈。

Dr. Kissinger is keenly aware of the necessity not to set himself up as a wall between the President and the Secretary of State, or the Secretary of Defense.

基辛格博士敏锐地意识到，有必要不让自己成为总统和国务卿或国防部长之间的一堵墙。

Nixon wants to bring foreign policy into the White House.

尼克松希望将外交政策带入白宫。

In this, he finds a perfect partner in Henry Kissinger.

在这方面，他找到了完美的搭档亨利·基辛格。

I don't think one could have expected this, but Kissinger turned out to be a very savvy bureaucratic player.

我认为人们无法预料到这一点，但基辛格原来是一位非常精明的官僚玩家。

He was very good at maneuvering and counter-maneuvering, and he liked the secrecy, as well.

他非常擅长机动和反机动，而且他也喜欢保密。

Kissinger meets alone with the President every day sometimes for as long as an hour and a half.

基辛格每天都会与总统单独会面，有时长达一个半小时。

Nixon and Kissinger turned the National Security Council into basically the main hub of foreign policy.

尼克松和基辛格将国家安全委员会变成了外交政策的主要中心。

I had joined the NSC under the Johnson administration.

我在约翰逊政府时期加入了国家安全委员会。

It was a very loosely run operation, very small.

这是一个运作非常松散、规模很小的行动。

There were only eleven or twelve of us.

我们只有十一个或十二个人。

That was not true at all under Kissinger.

在基辛格的领导下，情况完全不是这样。

These are the senior people from his National Security Council staff of about forty persons.

这些是他的国家安全委员会大约四十名工作人员中的高级人士。

Kissinger's NSC staff was a much more concentrated power structure than anything that we had seen before.

基辛格的国家安全委员会工作人员的权力结构比我们以前见过的任何结构都要集中得多。

Kissinger made very clear that he did not want yes men.

基辛格明确表示，他不想要唯唯诺诺的人。

He wanted candid advice.

他想要坦诚的建议。

Disagreement, if necessary.

如有必要，可以提出不同意见。

Argue your case, if you lose the battle, then faithfully carry out the policy.

争论你的案子，如果你输了，那就忠实地执行政策。

He enjoyed thinking and arguing issues through.

他喜欢思考和争论问题。

Find out whether it's possible on Thursday and then we'll make it depend on the other thing.

周四看看是否可行，然后我们会根据其他事情来决定。

I think he enjoyed having a few of us, maybe not too many, but a few of us who did not agree with him or the President politically.

我认为他很高兴有我们中的一些人，也许不是太多，但我们中的一些人在政治上不同意他或总统。

And I suspect he liked it because he won every argument, in part because he was very smart, and in part because–let me see, oh yes, I worked for him.

我怀疑他喜欢它，因为他赢得了每一场争论，部分是因为他非常聪明，部分是因为——让我想想，哦，是的，我为他工作。

Kissinger admits to being a perfectionist, not an easy man to work for.

基辛格承认自己是一个完美主义者，不是一个容易为之工作的人。

He hires people…

他雇人……

He was a demanding perfectionist with his staff.

他对他的员工是一个要求完美的人。

Nothing could ever be right.

没有什么是正确的。

There was also the joke that if Henry didn't yell at you, he didn't love you.

还有一个笑话说，如果亨利没有对你大喊大叫，他就不爱你。

He speaks of his staff with pride and a kind of affection.

他谈到他的员工时充满了自豪和感情。

They call him Henry and regard him too with warmth, salted with a degree of apprehension, for he has a sharp temper.

他们称他为亨利，对他的态度也很热情，但也夹杂着一定程度的忧虑，因为他脾气暴躁。

We were graded.

我们被评分了。

We were told we had done a B-plus or maybe an A-minus if we were really lucky, but always, of course, you had to go back because the only real A was Henry's own rendition.

我们被告知，如果我们真的很幸运的话，我们已经获得了 B+ 或 A-- 的成绩，但当然，你总是必须回去，因为唯一真正的 A 是亨利自己的表演。

Kissinger, he stretched my patience.

基辛格，他延长了我的耐心。

He stretched my nerves.

他让我紧张。

Will this meeting take very long?

这次会议会花很长时间吗？

He is regularly late to meetings.

他开会时经常迟到。

His staff despairs good-naturedly of that.

他的手下善意地对此感到失望。

I would quit about once a week.

我大约每周戒烟一次。

He was a mentor.

他是一位导师。

And a tormentor.

还有一个折磨者。

We worked murderous hours.

我们工作了很长时间。

We were often seven in the morning till eight or nine at night.

我们常常从早上七点一直干到晚上八九点。

And, uh, it took a toll on families.

而且，呃，这对家庭造成了损失。

It took a toll on our physical stamina.

这对我们的体力造成了损害。

But Kissinger demanded to be the guiding light, the north star, of the Nixon foreign policy, and that meant the policy in Vietnam.

但基辛格要求成为尼克松外交政策的指路明灯、北极星，这意味着越南政策。

Kissinger and Nixon enter the White House at a time when the United States is in a very, very difficult place in Vietnam.

基辛格和尼克松入主白宫之际，美国在越南正处于非常非常困难的境地。

In 1969, tens of thousands of Americans had already been lost.

1969年，数以万计的美国人已经丧生。

We were losing about two hundred a day.

我们每天损失大约两百。

We were heading toward 535,000 troops in Vietnam.

我们正在向越南派遣 535,000 名士兵。

It was a hellish situation.

这是一个地狱般的情况。

We inherited a nightmare.

我们继承了一场噩梦。

It was shaking our domestic stability.

它正在动摇我们国内的稳定。

It was the consuming concern of the intellectual community.

这是知识界最关心的问题。

We made up our mind in the very beginning that we were going to try to disengage from Vietnam.

我们一开始就下定决心要尝试脱离越南。

That the war should end was unquestioned.

战争应该结束是毫无疑问的。

The question was how?

问题是如何？

The question was when?

问题是什么时候？

The question was under what circumstances?

问题是在什么情况下？

With what honor or sense of honor?

带着什么荣誉或荣誉感？

I want to end this war.

我想结束这场战争。

The American people want to end this war.

美国人民希望结束这场战争。

The people of South Vietnam want to end this war.

南越人民希望结束这场战争。

Very soon, the enormous sentiment against the war that had haunted and driven Lyndon Johnson out of power was going to be turned on Richard Nixon.

很快，曾经困扰并导致林登·约翰逊下台的巨大反战情绪将转向理查德·尼克松。

They knew that.

他们知道这一点。

What do we want?

我们想要什么？

When do we get it?

我们什么时候能拿到？

Now!

现在！

What the Vietnam War did to many Americans was shake their faith that their country was decent and honorable.

越南战争对许多美国人的影响是动摇了他们对自己国家正派和光荣的信念。

Because it seemed like the United States was fighting a war in a distant country in an extremely brutal way using chemical weapons like napalm, destroying villages, massacring civilians.

因为美国似乎正在一个遥远的国家以极其残酷的方式进行战争，使用凝固汽油弹等化学武器，摧毁村庄，屠杀平民。

And Nixon understood that you had to change course.

尼克松明白你必须改变路线。

How are you doing Mr. President in your efforts to end the Vietnam War?

总统先生，您在结束越南战争的努力中做得怎么样？

Once the enemy recognizes that it is not going to win its objectives by waiting us out, then the enemy will negotiate and we will end this war before the end of 1970.

一旦敌人认识到等待我们不会赢得其目标，那么敌人就会进行谈判，我们将在 1970 年底之前结束这场战争。

That is the objective that we have.

这就是我们的目标。

Nixon had to show that there is hope, there's light at the end of the tunnel, and we're going to get out.

尼克松必须表明，还有希望，隧道尽头有曙光，我们一定会走出去。

But with honor.

但带着荣誉。

To me, ending the Vietnam War had been the principal goal of Nixon’s first term, not only in order to bring peace but in order to end our domestic divisions.

对我来说，结束越南战争是尼克松第一个任期的主要目标，不仅是为了带来和平，也是为了结束我们的国内分歧。

And I wanted to create the conditions which would unify the country again by having an honorable end to the war in Vietnam.

我想通过光荣结束越南战争来创造重新统一国家的条件。

Foremost in my father's mind was finding a way to end the Vietnam War without a collapse of America's influence in the world, without a betrayal of millions of people who had relied on us, whose lives hung in the balance.

我父亲心目中最重要的是找到一种方法来结束越南战争，同时又不会削弱美国在世界上的影响力，不会背叛数以百万计的生死攸关的依赖我们的人们。

Melvin Laird, Secretary of Defense, arrived in Saigon today for a firsthand look at the progress of Vietnamization which he said was irreversible.

国防部长梅尔文·莱尔德今天抵达西贡，亲眼目睹了越南化的进程，他说越南化的进程是不可逆转的。

The secret plan that Nixon had to end the war—that wasn't so secret, or really a plan—was “Vietnamization.”

尼克松结束战争的秘密计划——这并不是那么秘密，也不是真正的计划——是“越南化”。

Vietnamization is the brainchild of Melvin Laird, the Secretary of Defense.

越南化是国防部长梅尔文·莱尔德的创意。

You cannot guarantee the will and the desire of any country, but you can give them the tools to do the job.

你不能保证任何国家的意愿和愿望，但你可以为他们提供完成这项工作的工具。

The basic idea is that we should begin a policy as quickly as we can of pouring money and training into the military in South Vietnam, and that they'll be able to replace American troops.

基本想法是，我们应该尽快开始一项向南越军队投入资金和训练的政策，这样他们就能够取代美国军队。

Twenty percent of these young men are farmers’ sons, out of the rice paddies and flying solo in a matter of weeks.

这些年轻人中有百分之二十是农民的儿子，他们离开稻田，在几周内就独自飞行。

And that's what the three hundred South Vietnamese are doing here, learning to fly choppers for combat.

这就是三百名南越人在这里所做的事情，学习驾驶直升机进行战斗。

So over a period of time we felt that we could gradually withdraw American troops, which would maintain domestic support at home, and buy time for the other prong, which was secret negotiations.

所以一段时间以来，我们觉得可以逐步撤军，这样可以维持国内的支持，也可以为另一个方面，即秘密谈判，争取时间。

The fact is that there were some public exchanges in Paris, but they were essentially propaganda battles, but the real negotiations were secret.

事实是，巴黎有一些公开的交流，但本质上是宣传战，但真正的谈判是秘密的。

Avez-vous parlé de Vietnam?

你有越南话吗？

I won’t discuss any of the subjects…

我不会讨论任何主题......

Here’s the way it would work: we had to make a cover, pretending we’re still in Washington.

它的运作方式是这样的：我们必须制作封面，假装我们仍在华盛顿。

So I would leave the office and say to my compatriots, I'm going to take the weekend off.

所以我会离开办公室，对我的同胞说，我要周末休息。

And then I would join Kissinger.

然后我会加入基辛格。

We fly into the middle of France.

我们飞往法国中部。

And we were met by a military attache who would sneak us into a safe house.

我们遇到了一位武官，他会把我们偷偷带进一个安全屋。

In the safe house, we used code names so that the housekeeper wouldn't know who we were.

在安全屋里，我们使用代号，这样管家就不会知道我们是谁。

I was “Major Larkin,” I remember.

我记得我是“拉金少校”。

I couldn’t even be a lieutenant colonel, it was one humiliation after another.

我连中校都当不了，屈辱一次又一次。

We cut the State Department out of an awful lot of stuff and it was Henry versus them, and he just didn't want them to be involved or get any credit.

我们把国务院从很多事情中剔除，这是亨利与他们的对抗，他只是不想让他们参与其中或获得任何荣誉。

Kissinger always feared, to a certain extent, that the State Department could undermine his control of foreign policy.

在某种程度上，基辛格总是担心国务院可能会削弱他对外交政策的控制。

And he made it a point of his role as National Security Advisor to try to gather in the authority of foreign policy to himself.

作为国家安全顾问，他将努力将外交政策的权威集中在自己身上。

And this gave Kissinger just tremendous power because really he was the only person that was fully in the loop.

这给了基辛格巨大的力量，因为他确实是唯一一个完全参与其中的人。

The North Vietnamese want the complete withdrawal of American forces.

北越希望美军完全撤出。

In effect, they want a type of American surrender and the North Vietnamese leaders were far more unified and determined to forcibly reunify their country at almost any cost than Nixon and Kissinger truly appreciated.

实际上，他们希望美国投降，而北越领导人的团结和决心要远比尼克松和基辛格真正理解的要不惜任何代价强行统一他们的国家。

Henry Kissinger always had considerable and usually quite well-placed faith in his ability to negotiate.

亨利·基辛格始终对自己的谈判能力抱有相当大的信心，而且通常非常有信心。

So, his assumption was that if he could get in the room with a well-empowered North Vietnamese representative, he could find some room for maneuver.

因此，他的假设是，如果他能与一位有权有势的北越代表一起进入会议室，他就能找到一些回旋余地。

But they were also the hardest negotiations Kissinger ever experienced.

但这也是基辛格经历过的最艰难的谈判。

It was our misfortune that Le Duc Tho’s assignment was to break the spirit of the American people for the war, and that he was engaged in a campaign of psychological warfare.

我们不幸的是，黎德寿的任务是摧毁美国人民的战争精神，并且他参与了一场心理战。

So what he attempted to do to us was extremely painful.

所以他试图对我们做的事情是极其痛苦的。

The North Vietnamese negotiators drive Kissinger insane because he tries to come up with every conceivable formula and variation of language that would be enough to achieve some kind of deal, but they just simply refuse.

北越谈判代表让基辛格发疯，因为他试图想出每一种可以想象的公式和语言变体，足以达成某种协议，但他们只是拒绝。

We would sit across the table and it would be Henry and an interpreter and me.

我们坐在桌子对面，亨利、一名翻译和我。

And I would look at them very carefully, and they were not in the slightest cowed, as far as I could tell.

我会非常仔细地观察他们，据我所知，他们丝毫没有被吓倒。

But after all, they had defeated the French, they'd been holding off the Chinese for two thousand years, and it was hard to convince them.

但毕竟他们打败了法国人，他们阻挡了中国人两千多年，很难说服他们。

The problem was that his negotiating position was weakened by the fact that the US began withdrawing troops even before he began negotiating.

问题是，在他开始谈判之前，美国就开始撤军，这削弱了他的谈判地位。

We were going to San Clemente, the White House in California, and I wrote a memo to Kissinger saying, the problem here is that if we are Vietnamizing, then the first tranche of troops that come home are like salted peanuts.

我们要去加利福尼亚州的白宫圣克莱门特，我给基辛格写了一份备忘录，说，这里的问题是，如果我们进行越南化，那么第一批回国的军队就像咸花生一样。

And the taste for further withdrawal of American forces is going to become overwhelming.

美军进一步撤军的愿望将变得势不可挡。

How would you characterize the Nixon administration’s policy towards Cambodia?

您如何评价尼克松政府对柬埔寨的政策？

The charges have been made that…

已提出的指控是……

What's important to know about Cambodia was that it was in the middle of the war.

关于柬埔寨，重要的是要了解它正处于战争之中。

To the West was Thailand, which was the equivalent of the air base for the American war.

西边是泰国，相当于美国战争时的空军基地。

To the North is Laos, and to the East, of course, is Vietnam.

北边是老挝，东边当然是越南。

It's right in the middle, and it's neutral, run by a very charismatic leader named Prince Norodom Sihanouk.

它位于中间，保持中立，由一位非常有魅力的领导人诺罗敦·西哈努克亲王领导。

I assure you we have given the Viet Cong no logistical or military aid of any kind.

我向你们保证，我们没有向越共提供任何形式的后勤或军事援助。

Kissinger believes that Cambodia is a real problem for the United States in Vietnam, because even though the Cambodian king and others are trying to play neutral the North Vietnamese are sending supplies through Cambodia, that's just a fact.

基辛格认为，柬埔寨对美国在越南来说是一个真正的问题，因为尽管柬埔寨国王和其他人试图保持中立，但北越正在通过柬埔寨运送物资，但这只是事实。

US bombing raids in North Vietnam force the creation of a primitive method for keeping supply lines open.

美国对北越的轰炸迫使人们制定一种保持补给线畅通的原始方法。

Nixon and Kissinger came up with the idea, well, we’ll start bombing Cambodia.

尼克松和基辛格提出了这个想法，好吧，我们将开始轰炸柬埔寨。

Kissinger thought if the North Vietnamese supply lines could be broken, if the flow of man and material could be disrupted, then the North Vietnamese would be greatly weakened.

基辛格认为，如果北越的补给线可以被打破，如果人员和物资的流动可以被破坏，那么北越的力量就会被大大削弱。

The North Vietnamese were the ones who spread the war.

北越人是战争的传播者。

They were sitting in Cambodia along the border for two years, coming across the border, killing Americans and South Vietnamese and returning to safe havens.

他们在柬埔寨边境停留了两年，越过边境，杀害了美国人和南越人，然后返回了安全避难所。

And so the bombing was to not let them have safe havens.

所以轰炸就是为了不让他们有避难所。

So we are not talking about an attack on a neutral country, we are talking about the attack on territory occupied by an enemy force, that is killing Americans from that territory.

因此，我们不是在谈论对中立国家的攻击，而是在谈论对敌军占领的领土的攻击，即在该领土上杀害美国人。

But the real reason for the bombing was to put into place what Nixon and Kissinger had come to call the “Madman Theory.” This was the idea that Nixon was so crazy, so unhinged that he might do anything.

但轰炸的真正原因是为了推行尼克松和基辛格所谓的“狂人理论”。这就是尼克松如此疯狂、如此精神错乱以至于他可能做任何事情的想法。

And it was supposed to project to North Vietnam a sense of fear and it was sort of gonna force them back to the bargaining table.

它应该向北越传达一种恐惧感，这会迫使他们回到谈判桌上。

So, Operation Menu is launched in which sorties secretly bomb the problematic area where the Ho Chi Minh trail is located.

于是，发动了“行动菜单”，秘密出动轰炸胡志明小道所在的问题地区。

Technically, there was no sanction for this in the U.S. Congress of any kind.

从技术上讲，美国国会没有对此进行任何形式的制裁。

And you're coming at a time when there's enormous pressure to wind down the war, enormous pressure to limit the war, not to extend it, not to expand it in any way.

你们来到这里的时候，正面临着结束战争的巨大压力，限制战争、不延长战争、不以任何方式扩大战争的巨大压力。

It was very clear to everybody, including Kissinger himself, that if the American public learned that they were bombing Cambodia, that there was going to be an explosion in the United States.

包括基辛格本人在内的每个人都非常清楚，如果美国公众得知他们正在轰炸柬埔寨，那么美国就会发生爆炸。

And so that's why they went secret.

这就是他们秘密进行的原因。

Because they knew damn well they couldn't get it any other way.

因为他们非常清楚他们无法通过其他方式得到它。

Kissinger was intimately involved in choosing the bombing sites.

基辛格密切参与了爆炸地点的选择。

He came up with basically a dual bookkeeping system in which bombs that were supposed to be dropped along the border within South Vietnam were actually dropped in Cambodia.

他基本上想出了一个双重簿记系统，其中本应沿着南越边境投下的炸弹实际上却投在了柬埔寨。

We were told that this is so sensitive that it must be done with the absolute minimum number of people being exposed to it.

我们被告知，这是非常敏感的，必须在接触它的人数绝对最少的情况下进行。

At one point Dr. Kissinger even suggested that why don't we do it using Skyspot radar?

基辛格博士甚至一度建议我们为什么不使用 Skyspot 雷达来做到这一点呢？

Even the crews won't know where they're dropping.

即使是机组人员也不知道他们会降落在哪里。

Mel Laird, Nixon's Secretary of Defense, was opposed to the secret bombing of Cambodia.

尼克松的国防部长梅尔·莱尔德反对秘密轰炸柬埔寨。

The manner in which they wanted to carry out that bombing, I thought would lead to trouble.

我认为他们实施轰炸的方式会带来麻烦。

He thought there was no way that Congress wouldn't eventually find out.

他认为国会最终不会发现这一点。

And I told the National Security Council, the president, the presidential advisor for national security, and the Secretary of State that their proposal to keep it secret just would not work.

我告诉国家安全委员会、总统、总统国家安全顾问和国务卿，他们保守秘密的建议行不通。

It was monumentally stupid to think that they could actually get away with doing this in secret.

认为他们实际上可以秘密做这件事，真是太愚蠢了。

At some point, someone, some low-level Air Force official, would hand the books to a reporter—which is what happened.

在某个时候，某个人，某个空军低级官员，会把这些书交给记者——这就是发生的事情。

There's an article that appears in The New York Times by William Beecher.

威廉·比彻 (William Beecher) 在《纽约时报》上发表了一篇文章。

If you blinked, you might have missed it, but Kissinger and Nixon don't miss it.

如果你眨眼，你可能会错过它，但基辛格和尼克松不会错过它。

And that really sets Nixon and Kissinger off, enraged, like, how did he get that news?

这确实让尼克松和基辛格很生气，他们想知道他是怎么得到这个消息的？

Who told him?

谁告诉他的？

And so that's the point at which they make a very fateful decision to start wiretapping people in the government, as well as wiretapping certain reporters.

因此，就在那时，他们做出了一个非常重大的决定，开始窃听政府人员以及某些记者。

Nixon and Kissinger were paranoid about leaks.

尼克松和基辛格对泄密感到偏执。

They wanted not only to control policy, but they wanted to control the narrative about policy.

他们不仅想控制政策，还想控制有关政策的叙述。

They wanted to decide when the public could find out, when the Congress could find out, when other members of the administration could find out.

他们想决定公众何时可以发现，国会何时可以发现，政府其他成员何时可以发现。

Kissinger had brought to Washington a large number of officials in his National Security Council staff who were known to politically lean more toward the Democrats.

基辛格将国家安全委员会工作人员中的大量官员带到了华盛顿，众所周知，这些官员在政治上更倾向于民主党。

And this immediately raised the suspicion that they leaked this in order to undermine the policy of the administration.

这立即引起了人们的怀疑，他们泄露这些信息是为了破坏政府的政策。

Kissinger was convinced there were people in his own staff, Mort Halperin, Tony Lake, Roger Morris, you name it, that were deliberately undermining their policy, that if they had an argument behind closed doors, that these guys were going public with it.

基辛格确信，他自己的幕僚中有人，莫特·哈尔珀林、托尼·莱克、罗杰·莫里斯，凡是你能想到的，都在故意破坏他们的政策，如果他们私下争论，这些人就会公开此事。

That actually was a major subject for discussion, but uh..

这实际上是讨论的一个主要话题，但是呃..

Nixon and Kissinger were both conspiratorial themselves, and if you're conspiratorial yourself, you tend to suspect everybody else of being conspiratorial, too.

尼克松和基辛格自己都是阴谋论者，如果你自己也有阴谋论，你就会倾向于怀疑其他人也有阴谋论。

I do think that Nixon and Kissinger, and I think it's important to think about them together, they fed on one another's paranoia, they fed on one another's need for secrecy, and they saw enemies in a very stark light.

我确实认为尼克松和基辛格，我认为一起思考他们很重要，他们以彼此的偏执为食，他们以彼此对保密的需要为食，他们以一种非常鲜明的眼光看待敌人。

And so there was always a, sort of, us versus them.

所以总有一种我们与他们的对抗。

I was on vacation on Martha's Vineyard when Seymour Hersh called me and he said, “I'm running a story tomorrow that your phone was tapped.

当时我正在玛莎葡萄园岛度假，西摩·赫什 (Seymour Hersh) 打电话给我，他说：“我明天要报道一篇报道，说你的电话被窃听了。

And they'd been listening to your telephone.” And I was really pissed.

他们一直在监听你的电话。”我真的很生气。

And I threw rocks at seagulls for a while.

我还向海鸥扔石头了一段时间。

I don’t find out the wiretaps for four years, but my home was wiretapped, my family was wiretapped.

四年来我都没有发现窃听情况，但我的家被窃听了，我的家人被窃听了。

The kids' conversations, my wife's conversations with her mother.

孩子们的谈话，我妻子和她母亲的谈话。

It's a fateful decision to wiretap because it begins a policy of distrust of your own people.

窃听是一个致命的决定，因为它开始了对自己人民的不信任政策。

You know, even if they're your friends, even if the people on your staff came on your staff, as many did for Kissinger, because they think that Henry Kissinger is going to bring peace and they’re there to help, they’re there to pitch in and to make that happen.

你知道，即使他们是你的朋友，即使你的工作人员加入了你的工作人员，就像许多人为基辛格所做的那样，因为他们认为亨利·基辛格将带来和平，他们会在那里提供帮助，他们会参与其中并实现这一目标。

And now, he is gonna start treating them like they’re enemies.

现在，他要开始像敌人一样对待他们。

And when that happens, sort of the level of paranoia begins to grow exponentially.

当这种情况发生时，偏执的程度开始呈指数级增长。

There was secrecy, subterfuge, and confusion, and you learned that Kissinger's word could not be trusted.

充满了秘密、诡计和混乱，你知道基辛格的话不可信。

Whatever he told you, you knew something else was going on.

无论他告诉你什么，你都知道正在发生其他事情。

He played off everybody against each other.

他让每个人都互相对抗。

The truth, as my Victorian grandmother used to say, was not always in him.

正如我维多利亚时代的祖母常说的那样，真相并不总是在他身上。

You could tell when the eyebrows would come together and he'd be like this, and he was being, perhaps, a little devious.

你可以看出，什么时候他的眉毛会皱在一起，他就会变成这个样子，也许他有点狡猾。

But was very effective, mostly because of how smart he was, and because he had absolute certainty in his views.

但非常有效，主要是因为他有多聪明，而且因为他对自己的观点有绝对的把握。

He sought celebrity status, and he got celebrity status.

他寻求名人地位，他也获得了名人地位。

There was something about him that was different.

他有一些与众不同的地方。

The first time I met Henry Kissinger was at a party for Gloria Steinem, and about halfway through the dinner, I looked up and saw this little guy standing alone in a corner.

我第一次见到亨利·基辛格是在格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆的一个聚会上，大约在晚餐进行到一半时，我抬头看到这个小家伙独自站在一个角落里。

So, I knew who he was, because I’d seen his picture, so I walked over to him, and I said, “Dr. Kissinger, how are you?

所以，我知道他是谁，因为我看过他的照片，所以我走到他身边，说：“基辛格博士，你好吗？

I'm Sally Quinn from the Washington Post.” And I said, “why are you hiding over here in the corner?” And he looked at me, he said, “well, I'm really a secret swinger.”

我是《华盛顿邮报》的莎莉·奎因。”我说：“你为什么躲在角落里？”他看着我，说道：“好吧，我确实是一个秘密的浪荡公子。”

I said, I’m too busy to do any public swinging, and I don’t want you to think I don’t do any swinging, so why don’t you just assume I’m a secret swinger?

我说，我太忙了，没有时间做任何公开的摇摆，我不想让你认为我不做任何摇摆，所以你为什么不认为我是一个秘密的摇摆者呢？

The next day, he was inundated with calls from movie stars.

第二天，他就接到了大量来自电影明星的电话。

Kissinger is cutting quite a swath on Washington's social scene.

基辛格正在华盛顿的社交舞台上大展身手。

He likes to spend well-publicized evenings in the company of such ladies as Jill St. John or Shirley MacLaine, who add luster to his image as the playboy of the Western wing.

他喜欢与吉尔·圣约翰或雪莉·麦克雷恩等女士一起度过备受瞩目的夜晚，她们为他作为西翼花花公子的形象增添了光彩。

He was at Sans Souci Restaurant every night, every lunch, with some babe.

他每晚、每顿午餐都和一些宝贝一起去无忧宫餐厅。

It was incredible.

这太不可思议了。

He became this sex symbol in Washington.

他成为华盛顿的性感象征。

Others watched in bewilderment, trying to work out why this somewhat portly, overweight, bespectacled Harvard professor with a strong German accent could possibly be appealing to actresses.

其他人则困惑地看着，试图弄清楚为什么这位有点肥胖、超重、戴着眼镜、带有浓重德国口音的哈佛大学教授可能会吸引女演员。

Where the hell do you think Kissinger was over the weekend when I was trying to call him?

周末我想给基辛格打电话时，你认为基辛格到底在哪里？

Probably out with some babe.

可能是和某个宝贝出去了。

Why did he encourage the secret swinger reputation?

为什么他会鼓励秘密浪荡公子的名声？

I think he truly was just having fun.

我认为他确实只是玩得很​​开心。

Well, listen, I was not in the bedroom with them, but I don't think that it was real romance.

好吧，听着，我没有和他们一起在卧室里，但我不认为那是真正的浪漫。

But then, he met Nancy, and they were inseparable from then on.

但后来，他遇到了南希，从此他们形影不离。

She's a very brilliant, warm, and charismatic person, very confident in her own right, and her energy, her ability to live a big life, matched his.

她是一个非常聪明、热情、有魅力的人，对自己的权利非常有信心，她的精力和过上美好生活的能力与他相匹配。

And she also doesn't lack for self-confidence.

而且她也不缺乏自信。

So, they just made for a very fulfilling pair.

所以，他们是一对非常令人满意的搭档。

Nancy was the love of his life.

南希是他一生的挚爱。

The reality was Henry Kissinger was more a workaholic and a control freak than he was a secret swinger.

事实上，亨利·基辛格更像是一个工作狂和控制狂，而不是一个秘密的浪荡公子。

But Kissinger understood that this gave him not only stardom, but more importantly, some real influence.

但基辛格明白，这不仅给了他明星地位，更重要的是，给了他一些真正的影响力。

Being popular with the journalists can matter a lot, particularly when, as invariably happens, Washington politics turns nasty.

受到记者的欢迎非常重要，尤其是当华盛顿政治变得令人讨厌时（这种情况总是会发生）。

Kissinger was a master manipulator of the press.

基辛格是一位媒体操纵大师。

This was at a time when diplomatic correspondents needed official sources of information, and Kissinger knew how to feed information to them, pretend to share secrets, flatter them.

当时外交记者需要官方信息来源，而基辛格知道如何向他们提供信息，假装分享秘密，奉承他们。

He lied to them.

他对他们撒了谎。

He deceived them.

他欺骗了他们。

He rewarded them.

他奖励了他们。

He paid attention to them ceaselessly.

他不断地关注着他们。

He curried the press as no foreign policy figure before him.

他对媒体表示，在他之前没有外交政策人物。

When he signed on Henry Kissinger, the President had no idea how effective he would turn out to be with the press corps.

当他与亨利·基辛格签约时，总统并不知道他对记者团的影响力有多大。

His backgrounders, the background briefings, became the most popular events for the Washington press corps that there had been in years.

他的背景介绍、背景简报成为多年来华盛顿记者团最受欢迎的活动。

How do you like the reporting on the backgrounders?

您如何看待有关背景的报道？

I like the way my anonymity is maintained.

我喜欢保持匿名的方式。

Kissinger was a charmer, and he knew how to turn on the charm.

基辛格很有魅力，他知道如何发挥魅力。

But Henry was always using everybody.

但亨利总是在利用所有人。

That was his thing.

那是他的事。

That's what he did.

他就是这么做的。

So, of course, he was using the press.

所以，当然，他正在利用媒体。

I mean, he was very cynical about the press.

我的意思是，他对媒体非常愤世嫉俗。

I mean, there are plenty of people in Washington who use people all the time.

我的意思是，华盛顿有很多人一直在利用人。

But Henry took it to such another level of expertise.

但亨利将其提升到了另一个专业水平。

You can’t come back there with us…

你不能和我们一起回到那里……

So when you’re with Henry Kissinger you always had to weigh two things.

因此，当你和亨利·基辛格在一起时，你总是必须权衡两件事。

Your own morals, values, and ethics, and the fact that there's a really brilliant guy who was fun to be around, had a good sense of humor.

你自己的道德、价值观和道德，以及有一个非常聪明的人，和他在一起很有趣，有很好的幽默感。

On October 15, the first moratorium against the war turned out huge crowds in cities all across the nation.

10 月 15 日，第一次停战令全国各城市涌入了大批人群。

In 1969, there are massive demonstrations throughout the United States calling for an end to the war in Vietnam.

1969年，美国各地爆发大规模示威活动，要求结束越南战争。

We were seeing those protests from the outside and the inside.

我们看到了来自外部和内部的抗议。

Tony Lake and I had at one point stood outside on the south lawn of the White House and watched our wives and children demonstrating down Pennsylvania Avenue against the war.

托尼·莱克和我曾一度站在白宫南草坪外，看着我们的妻子和孩子在宾夕法尼亚大道上示威反对战争。

Peace now, peace now!

现在和平，现在和平！

I can remember in the old Executive Office Building when I went up to the fifth or sixth floor, there were American troops sitting there with their backs to the walls and weapons in case the White House was attacked by the demonstrations outside.

我记得在老行政办公楼，当我上到五楼或六楼时，有美军背靠墙坐在那里，手里拿着武器，以防白宫遭到外面示威活动的袭击。

And I agreed with the demonstrators, but there I was.

我同意示威者的观点，但我就在那里。

This has an enormous effect on Nixon, who does not want to admit it has an effect.

这对尼克松产生了巨大的影响，但他不想承认它的影响。

What he does do in response is give the Silent Majority speech.

作为回应，他所做的就是发表沉默的大多数演讲。

Good evening, my fellow Americans.

晚上好，我的美国同胞们。

Tonight I want to talk to you on a subject of deep concern to all Americans and to many people in all parts of the world, the war in Vietnam.

今晚我想和大家谈谈所有美国人和世界各地许多人都深切关注的话题：越南战争。

He has the kind of epiphany that everybody else has missed.

他拥有其他人所错过的那种顿悟。

If there is an educated minority implacably opposed to the war, doesn't that mean that there's a majority that doesn't feel that way?

如果有一个受过教育的少数人坚决反对战争，这是否意味着大多数人不这么认为？

To you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans, I ask for your support.

对于你们，我的美国同胞中沉默的大多数，我请求你们的支持。

I pledged in my campaign for the presidency to end the war in a way that we could win the peace.

我在竞选总统时承诺以我们能够赢得和平的方式结束战争。

Nixon had his own innate disabilities as a politician.

尼克松作为政治家有其先天的缺陷。

What he also had though was this ability to read the public and to sense what the moment called for.

但他还拥有读懂公众并感知当下需要什么的能力。

North Vietnam cannot defeat or humiliate the United States.

北越无法击败或羞辱美国。

Only Americans can do that.

只有美国人才能做到这一点。

Public reaction to the address was prompt, and some of those regarded as a silent majority broke their silence.

公众对这次讲话的反应迅速，其中一些被视为沉默的大多数的人打破了沉默。

He’s deluged with positive feedback to that speech.

他对那次演讲收到了大量积极的反馈。

And it helped him in the polls, which he, of course, obsessively tracked.

这对他的民意调查也有帮助，当然，他痴迷于追踪民意调查。

And it helped him in the kind of feedback that he got from telegrams and calls to the White House.

这对他从给白宫的电报和电话中得到的反馈有所帮助。

The White House says it received thousands of letters and postcards, the vast majority supporting the President on Vietnam.

白宫表示收到了数千封信件和明信片，其中绝大多数在越南问题上支持总统。

In addition…

另外……

It gave him time.

这给了他时间。

It gave him the time he desperately needed to find some way out.

这给了他迫切需要的时间来寻找出路。

And Kissinger had a plan.

基辛格有一个计划。

The bombing campaign in Cambodia was a secret maybe to the Americans, but certainly not to the Cambodians.

柬埔寨的轰炸行动可能对美国人来说是一个秘密，但对柬埔寨人来说肯定不是。

Cambodia was never in the foreground of the Vietnam War.

柬埔寨从未成为越南战争的焦点。

Cambodia’s suffering was not in the public eye, and therefore allowed to continue because nobody knew about it.

柬埔寨的苦难并未出现在公众的视野中，因此也被允许继续下去，因为没有人知道。

Some families manage to cling together.

有些家庭设法团结在一起。

Somehow they survive and find a sort of peace.

不知何故，他们生存下来并找到了某种平静。

The secret bombing of Cambodia sets in motion a set of events which result in the overthrow of Prince Sihanouk, and almost within a year a relatively stable place has been turned into a hellhole.

对柬埔寨的秘密轰炸引发了一系列事件，导致西哈努克亲王被推翻，几乎在一年之内，一个相对稳定的地方变成了地狱。

We could not permit the Communists to act in Cambodia with total impunity, which they had occupied before we did anything.

我们不能允许共产党人在柬埔寨肆无忌惮地行事，因为在我们采取任何行动之前他们就已经占领了柬埔寨。

The situation that is confronting both Nixon and Kissinger in April of 1970 was that Cambodia was disintegrating politically.

1970 年 4 月，尼克松和基辛格面临的局面是柬埔寨在政治上分崩离析。

Many children still go to school, but many others carry guns.

许多孩子仍在上学，但许多其他孩子携带枪支。

The war in Cambodia touches everyone and knows no age limits.

柬埔寨的战争触及每个人，并且不分年龄限制。

What they were now confronting was not only are you going to have Communist troops right on the border of South Vietnam, but the whole country is going to go Communist, and then any possibility of an acceptable deal in South Vietnam, you know, would really begin to evaporate.

他们现在面临的不仅是共产党军队将驻扎在南越边境，而且整个国家都将走向共产主义，然后你知道，在南越达成可接受协议的任何可能性都将真正开始消失。

Kissinger argued that there was an opportunity here decisively to impact the course of the war.

基辛格认为，这里有一个决定性影响战争进程的机会。

The case he made to Nixon and to others was air power has its limits.

他向尼克松和其他人提出的理由是空中力量有其局限性。

There's only so much you can do with a B-52.

B-52 的用途有限。

You need to go in on the ground.

你需要进入地面。

He managed, I think, to make his view, Nixon's view, in a very skillful way, while leaving Nixon with the impression that Nixon had made the policy, that it was Nixon's brilliance and not Henry's.

我认为，他以非常巧妙的方式表达了他的观点，尼克松的观点，同时给尼克松留下了尼克松制定政策的印象，这是尼克松的才华，而不是亨利的才华。

From CBS News in Washington, this special report.

来自华盛顿哥伦比亚广播公司新闻网的特别报道。

Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States.

女士们、先生们，美国总统。

Good evening, my fellow Americans.

晚上好，我的美国同胞们。

President Nixon went on air.

尼克松总统开始广播。

He stands in front of the map and he says, “We are going into Cambodia, and we are going to go after the North Vietnamese who they don't want in their country and sending North Vietnamese back to their country.”

他站在地图前说：“我们要进入柬埔寨，我们要追捕他们不希望他们留在自己国家的北越人，并将北越人送回他们的国家。”

If North Vietnam also occupied this whole band in Cambodia, or the entire country, it would mean that South Vietnam was completely outflanked.

如果北越也占领了柬埔寨的整个地带，或者整个国家，那就意味着南越完全被包抄了。

He explains, you know, there are North Vietnamese troops clearly inside of Cambodia, violating Cambodia's neutrality, and that those troops and supplies pose a direct threat to the United States.

他解释说，你知道，柬埔寨境内显然有北越军队，违反了柬埔寨的中立立场，这些军队和物资对美国构成了直接威胁。

We will be patient in working for peace.

我们将耐心地为和平而努力。

We will be conciliatory at the conference table.

我们将在会议桌上保持和解。

But we will not be humiliated.

但我们不会受到羞辱。

The President wants a massive bombing campaign in Cambodia.

总统希望在柬埔寨进行大规模的轰炸行动。

He doesn’t want to hear anything.

他什么也不想听。

It’s an order, it’s to be done.

这是命令，必须完成。

Anything that flies on anything that moves.

任何在移动的物体上飞行的物体。

You got that?

你明白了吗？

In April of 1970, Kissinger called in me and Roger Morris and then three others, I believe.

我相信，1970 年 4 月，基辛格找来了我和罗杰·莫里斯，然后还有另外三个人。

At the meeting, Kissinger said that we are going to go into Cambodia.

会上，基辛格表示我们将前往柬埔寨。

And, what do you think?

还有，你觉得怎么样？

And then we argued that this was bad strategically because Cambodia is now in play, et cetera, and domestically, it’s going to be a firestorm of some sort.

然后我们认为，这在战略上是不好的，因为柬埔寨现在正在发挥作用，等等，而在国内，这将是一场风暴。

I remember banging my fist on the desk to the point that some of the papers actually rose.

我记得我用拳头猛击桌子，以至于一些报纸实际上升了起来。

So, I said, “if there's one goddamn trooper across that line, I'm out of here.” Because I felt it was just, it was the last straw of escalation.

所以，我说，“如果有一名该死的士兵越过那条线，我就离开这里。”因为我觉得这是正义的，这是升级的最后一根稻草。

We were working very hard, night and day, literally, on a peace settlement.

从字面上看，我们夜以继日地为达成和平解决方案而努力工作。

The notion that we would, at that point, escalate very decidedly with an armed invasion of American forces?

到那时我们会坚决升级对美军的武装入侵吗？

No, I mean, I just, I thought it was intolerable.

不，我的意思是，我只是，我认为这是无法忍受的。

I bore the brunt of the argument, and at the end of it, Kissinger said, and I can still hear his voice, “well, Tony, I knew what you were going to say.” And I thought to myself, “I can leave now.” I can send him a subscription to the New Republic or something, and I can go.

我在争论中首当其冲，最后，基辛格说，我仍然可以听到他的声音，“好吧，托尼，我知道你要说什么。”我心里想：“我现在可以走了。”我可以给他订阅《新共和》什么的，然后我就可以走了。

And afterwards I said to Roger, “okay, this is it, I’ve had it,” and he agreed.

后来我对罗杰说，“好吧，就是这样，我已经受够了，”他同意了。

And so we wrote a joint letter to him, and handed it to Al Haig, and said “please give it to him on the day the invasion takes place.” Which he did—and Kissinger was not pleased.

于是我们给他写了一封联名信，交给了阿尔黑格，并说：“请在入侵发生的那天交给他。”他这么做了——但基辛格并不高兴。

There are several thousand American troops moving into Cambodia tonight.

今晚有数千名美军进入柬埔寨。

The dimensions of the war have certainly widened.

战争的规模无疑已经扩大。

It’s certainly a gamble, both in terms of the reaction of the enemy, and the reaction of the American public.

无论是从敌人的反应还是从美国公众的反应来看，这无疑都是一场赌博。

As usual, when the United States escalates, in any way, in the Vietnam War, the anti-war movement goes into action.

像往常一样，当美国在越南战争中以任何方式升级时，反战运动就会采取行动。

What in the hell were we doing invading Cambodia?

我们入侵柬埔寨到底在做什么？

Everybody was angry.

大家都很生气。

They were waiting for peace.

他们在等待和平。

And Congress was furious because this was done without their consent.

国会非常愤怒，因为这是在未经他们同意的情况下进行的。

The student population went insane.

学生群体疯狂了。

It led to an explosion of unrest at universities across the country, leading to the tragic killing of students at Kent State.

它导致全国各地大学爆发骚乱，导致肯特州立大学学生惨遭杀害。

National Guardsmen opened fire with semi-automatic weapons.

国民警卫队士兵用半自动武器开火。

Suddenly you have the National Guard shooting at students, I mean this is absolutely stunning.

突然间，国民警卫队向学生开枪，我的意思是，这绝对令人震惊。

After the shooting, one young man dipped a black flag of revolution in the blood and waved it about.

枪击事件发生后，一名年轻人将一面革命黑旗浸入血中并四处挥舞。

You know and then you have thousands and thousands of students coming to Washington.

你知道，然后就有成千上万的学生来到华盛顿。

Mr. Nixon bore heavily his decision to send US troops into Cambodia and the awesome explosive impact of that decision here at home.

尼克松先生对派遣美国军队进入柬埔寨的决定以及这一决定在国内产生的巨大爆炸性影响深感痛心。

It’s hard to exaggerate the anger.

很难夸大这种愤怒。

A few of the demonstrators confronted a cordon of buses in Lafayette Square protecting the White House, and from the other side police eventually responded with tear gas.

一些示威者在拉斐特广场遭遇了保护白宫的巴士警戒线，另一边的警察最终用催泪瓦斯予以回应。

It was a peaceful rally, peaceful until it was attacked in a vicious and brutal manner…

这是一次和平的集会，和平的集会，直到遭到恶毒而残暴的袭击……

Nixon came close to a nervous breakdown in the wake of Kent State.

尼克松在肯特州立大学之后几乎精神崩溃。

This was the price we paid for opposing Nixon and his genocidal policies…

这就是我们反对尼克松及其种族灭绝政策所付出的代价……

And Kissinger felt himself surrounded by protesters in his office.

基辛格感觉自己的办公室被抗议者包围了。

…over and over again in the blood of our young people.

......一次又一次地在我们年轻人的血液中。

They certainly felt very much under siege.

他们确实感到被围困了。

The biggest problem domestically was whether we could finally unite the country, in which those who wanted peace would have peace, and those who wanted honor could live with themselves.

国内最大的问题是能否最终统一国家，想要和平的人就得到和平，想要荣誉的人就可以过日子。

I think Kissinger harbored the notion that he could somehow pull off what Nixon wanted, which was peace with honor.

我认为基辛格怀有这样的想法：他可以以某种方式实现尼克松想要的，那就是和平与荣誉。

Daniel Ellsberg, ex-Pentagon employee, made history by leaking to the New York Times the Pentagon Papers, a top secret study of Vietnam policy.

前五角大楼雇员丹尼尔·埃尔斯伯格（Daniel Ellsberg）向《纽约时报》泄露了一份关于越南政策的绝密研究报告《五角大楼文件》，创造了历史。

Nixon reads his newspaper and his daily briefings – doesn't care about it.

尼克松阅读他的报纸和每日简报——对此并不关心。

Most of the Pentagon Papers are about Johnson and Kennedy.

大多数五角大楼文件都是关于约翰逊和肯尼迪的。

They’re not about him.

它们与他无关。

Mr. President, I have Dr. Kissinger calling you.

总统先生，基辛格博士给您打电话。

…but for some reason, Henry Kissinger reads this story in the New York Times and goes ballistic.

……但出于某种原因，亨利·基辛格在《纽约时报》上读到这个故事后勃然大怒。

It’s treasonable.

这是叛国行为。

There’s no question it’s actionable.

毫无疑问，它是可行的。

I’m absolutely certain that this violates all sorts of security laws.

我绝对确定这违反了各种安全法。

Ten years in prison is very cheap if they could contribute to ending this war.

如果他们能够为结束这场战争做出贡献，那么十年的监禁是非常便宜的。

Ellsberg was a Kissinger protégé, and so, Kissinger is worried that the finger, eventually, is going to come back at him.

艾尔斯伯格是基辛格的门徒，因此基辛格担心手指最终会回到他身上。

Kissinger describes Ellsberg as unhinged.

基辛格形容艾尔斯伯格精神错乱。

Of course, that son of a bitch, I know him well.

当然，那个王八蛋我很了解。

He was…

他是……

Oh, well.

哦，好吧。

From early ‘69 on, he just went off his rocker.

从 69 年初开始，他就开始发疯了。

Just totally wild.

简直太狂野了。

And he’s moved into a more and more intransigent, radical position.

他的立场变得越来越顽固、激进。

So, it’s Kissinger that gins up Nixon about Ellsberg.

所以，是基辛格在艾尔斯伯格的问题上激怒了尼克松。

Let’s get the son of a bitch into jail.

让我们把这个王八蛋送进监狱吧。

We’ve got to get him.

我们必须抓住他。

We’ve got to get him.

我们必须抓住他。

Kissinger’s frantic self-protective reaction to the exposure of the Pentagon Papers drives Nixon to a place which eventually becomes the first step towards Watergate.

基辛格对五角大楼文件曝光的疯狂自我保护反应驱使尼克松最终走向水门事件的第一步。

WGBH TITLE SEQUENCE (50 SECONDS WITH TITLE)

WGBH 标题序列（带标题 50 秒）

A disputed frontier between the dragon and the bear.

龙与熊之间有争议的边界。

A war broke out, a border dispute between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

战争爆发，苏联和中华人民共和国之间发生边界争端。

More importantly, there was an ideological battle for leadership of the communist world.

更重要的是，这是一场争夺共产主义世界领导权的意识形态斗争。

Mao's policies had reduced China to one of the lowest standards of living in the world.

毛泽东的政策使中国成为世界上生活水平最低的国家之一。

Wretched poverty, enforced by the draconian measures of communist rule.

共产主义统治的严厉措施加剧了悲惨的贫困。

As we came into office, one week after his inauguration…

当我们上任时，也就是他就职一周后……

Do you, Richard Milhous Nixon…

理查德·米尔豪斯·尼克松，你……吗？

…Nixon sent a memo to Kissinger and said “get in touch with the Chinese, see what we can do.” One week, and you could see his priority.

……尼克松给基辛格发了一份备忘录，说“与中国人联系，看看我们能做什么。”一周后，你就能看到他的优先事项。

This is where the story gets the most cloak and the most dagger.

这是故事最有斗篷和最匕首的地方。

The process of trying to get in touch with Beijing started almost immediately in 1969, but it was extremely difficult because the Chinese were extremely hard to get to.

试图与北京取得联系的过程几乎从 1969 年就开始了，但过程极其困难，因为中国人极难接触。

Of all countries, it turned out to be Pakistan that made the connection happen.

在所有国家中，巴基斯坦促成了这种联系。

Today's highlight is the new ambassador from Pakistan and his family.

今天的亮点是来自巴基斯坦的新任大使和他的家人。

And what would happen is that the Chinese would send a secret message, which would end up with the Pakistani ambassador in Washington, who would call on Kissinger with the message.

将会发生的情况是，中国人会发送一条秘密信息，最终会到达巴基斯坦驻华盛顿大使，后者会向基辛格传达该信息。

In January 1971, we had sent a message, and we hadn't heard back for months, and indeed we got quite nervous.

1971年1月，我们发了一条信息，几个月都没有回音，我们确实很紧张。

Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the Chinese premier, were great believers in the subtle approach.

毛泽东和中国总理周恩来都是这种微妙方法的坚定信徒。

And so, the faintest of signals was sent out from Beijing to the effect that there might possibly be a conversation worth having.

因此，北京发出了最微弱的信号，大意是可能有一场值得进行的对话。

One of the coaches from the People's Republic approached the Americans about the possibility of them coming to China to play exhibition.

一位来自中华人民共和国的教练向美国队询问了他们来中国参加表演赛的可能性。

This was an extraordinary moment and received incredible coverage in the American media.

这是一个非同寻常的时刻，并得到了美国媒体难以置信的报道。

The first films are now coming out of Red China of the visit by the first US group ever invited by the Chinese Communists.

红色中国的第一批影片现在正在上映，这是中国共产党邀请的第一支美国团体访问的影片。

Today, Premier Zhou Enlai met the visiting players.

今天，周恩来总理会见了来访的球员。

He told them their visit opens a new door.

他告诉他们，他们的访问打开了一扇新的大门。

It was a signal that, yes, there was an opportunity to send an American representative to Beijing.

这是一个信号，表明，是的，有机会派遣一名美国代表前往北京。

The question was: who would that be?

问题是：那会是谁？

I knew nothing about China–that’s a great qualification for a secret mission, but it happens to be true.

我对中国一无所知——这是执行秘密任务的一个很好的资格，但它恰好是真的。

I had the same thought in the fifties that everyone else had then: that the Chinese were revolutionary near-madmen.

我在五十年代也有和当时其他人一样的想法：中国人是近乎疯狂的革命者。

We had to set up what the cover story would be.

我们必须确定封面故事是什么。

So we go on this public trip to four countries, and we stop, of course, in Pakistan.

因此，我们对四个国家进行了这次公开访问，当然，我们在巴基斯坦停留。

Henry's cover was going to be that he's got a stomach ache.

亨利的掩护是他肚子疼。

Presidential Advisor Henry Kissinger is staying an extra day in Pakistan because of an upset stomach.

由于胃部不适，总统顾问亨利·基辛格在巴基斯坦多待了一天。

So at 2 a.m., we're driven to the Islamabad airport by the defense minister.

凌晨 2 点，国防部长开车送我们前往伊斯兰堡机场。

The four of us get on the plane.

我们四个人上了飞机。

And so here we are, flying toward Beijing.

现在我们就到了，飞往北京。

None of the world knows where we are.

世界上没有人知道我们在哪里。

We were exhilarated and anxious.

我们既兴奋又着急。

I mean, this was a gamble, this is no sure thing.

我的意思是，这是一场赌博，这是不确定的事情。

Kissinger was deeply impressed by Zhou Enlai, the Chinese premier, and this was one of the great meetings of minds that happened in his career.

中国总理周恩来给基辛格留下了深刻的印象，这是他职业生涯中最伟大的思想碰撞之一。

He was a man of extraordinary intelligence, one of the most intelligent people I’ve ever met.

他是一个具有非凡智慧的人，是我见过的最聪明的人之一。

He had an extraordinarily expressive face.

他有一张异常富有表情的脸。

He understood English though he did not admit it, so his face registered while you talked to him.

他懂英语，尽管他不承认，所以当你和他说话时，他的脸就被记住了。

The driving force was hopes that if we could pull China more into our orbit, we could resolve the Vietnam War.

其驱动力是希望如果我们能够将中国更多地拉入我们的轨道，我们就能解决越南战争。

Most of the military equipment going to North Vietnam was coming through China.

运往北越的大部分军事装备都是经过中国。