JFK
Part 1 Deputy Director, CIA (archival audio) : This is a result of the photography taken Sunday, sir.
第 1 部分 中央情报局副局长（档案音频）：这是周日拍摄的照片的结果，先生。
There's a medium-range ballistic missile launch site and two new military encampments.
这里有一个中程弹道导弹发射场和两个新的军事营地。
CIA Analyst (archival): : Sir, we've never seen this kind of installation before.
中央情报局分析师（档案）：：先生，我们以前从未见过这种装置。
Narrator: : Only a few people knew of the existence of the surveillance photographs, much less the terrifying revelations they held.
旁白：：只有少数人知道监控照片的存在，更不用说其中所揭露的恐怖内容了。
In October 1962 the Soviet Union was constructing nuclear launch sites in Cuba, within range of every major city on the Eastern seaboard -- including the U.S. Capitol.
1962 年 10 月，苏联在古巴建设核发射场，其射程范围覆盖东海岸的每个主要城市，包括美国国会大厦。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : It's hard to realize how frightened they were.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：很难意识到他们有多么害怕。
They had conversations about evacuating great parts of the United States.
他们讨论了撤离美国大部分地区的问题。
They had estimates about how many tens of millions of people would die.
他们估计了数以千万计的人将会死亡。
They really thought that war was near.
他们确实认为战争即将来临。
Narrator: : Managing this crisis fell to a rookie president: John F.
旁白： 处理这场危机的任务落到了一位新任总统的肩上：约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy.
肯尼迪.
He was less than two years on the job, the youngest man ever elected to the office.
他上任还不到两年，是有史以来当选该职位的最年轻的人。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : Nothing prepared him for this.
休伯特·汉弗莱：他没有为此做好准备。
The things that got him elected -- the acute politician, the charming vote getter, the-the money, the glamour -- none of it had any bearing at all on his situation.
让他当选的因素——敏锐的政客、迷人的选票者、金钱、魅力——这些都与他的处境毫无关系。
Narrator: : The qualities that had carried John Kennedy to the presidency -- natural rebelliousness, stubborn self-reliance, spectacular self-confidence -- had also led him to make mistakes and missteps that helped put the country in mortal danger.
旁白：约翰·肯尼迪的品质——天生的叛逆性、顽固的自力更生、惊人的自信——使约翰·肯尼迪得以登上总统宝座，但也导致他犯下错误和失误，使国家陷入致命危险。
His predecessor in the White House, Dwight Eisenhower, had called him "Little Boy Blue" and thought his wealthy father had bought him the office.
他的白宫前任德怀特·艾森豪威尔称他为“蓝色小男孩”，并认为他富有的父亲给他买了这个办公室。
The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, had taken Kennedy's measure at their first meeting a year earlier and he walked away believing he could get the better of the untested president.
一年前，苏联总理尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫在他们第一次会面时就采取了肯尼迪的措施，他离开时相信自己可以战胜这位未经考验的总统。
If John F.
如果约翰·F.
Kennedy doubted himself, or quailed at the enormity of the situation, he didn't show it.
肯尼迪怀疑自己，或者对形势的严重性感到畏缩，但他没有表现出来。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : He had a very great ability to step back, to be cool, to be detached, to not get sucked in by the passions of the moment, to not just ride the wave.
作家埃文·托马斯：他有很强的能力退后一步，保持冷静，保持超然，不被当下的激情所吸引，不只是随波逐流。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : When he became angry, he tended to become very calm.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：当他生气时，他往往会变得非常平静。
There was a kind of burning anger in him that he didn't express very openly.
他心里有一种强烈的愤怒，但他并没有很公开地表达出来。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : This man was fiercely independent, intellectually independent.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：这个人非常独立，在智力上独立。
Fiercely.
猛烈地。
Kennedy had an unshakable sense of his own skills.
肯尼迪对自己的技能有着不可动摇的认识。
He was confident about his ability to come up with the right answer.
他对自己能够给出正确答案的能力充满信心。
He wasn't bringing people together in a room to hammer out a consensus.
他并没有把人们聚集在一个房间里达成共识。
He was bringing people in a room to give him the best information so that he could make the decision.
他把人们带到一个房间里，为他提供最好的信息，以便他做出决定。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : He had what he called the "great man" theory of governing.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯，作家：：他有他所谓的“伟人”执政理论。
As a consequence, it put a lot of pressure on him.
结果，给他带来了很大的压力。
Narrator: : Now, at a moment of peril and uncertainty, he would be forced to answer the question that had dogged him his entire career: Was he as tough, as smart, as capable as he appeared?
旁白：现在，在危险和不确定的时刻，他将被迫回答困扰他整个职业生涯的问题：他是否像他看上去那样坚强、聪明、有能力？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Good evening my fellow citizens.
肯尼迪（档案）：：晚上好，我的同胞们。
Within the past week unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive...
在过去的一周内，明确的证据证实了一系列攻击性事件的事实......
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : Mrs. Lincoln...
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：林肯夫人……
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...
I was the descendent of three generations on both sides of my family of men who had followed the political profession.
我是我家族双方三代从政的后裔。
In my early life, comma, the conversation was nearly always about politics.
在我的早年生活中，逗号，谈话几乎总是关于政治。
Period.
时期。
Narrator: : By the time he came of age, John Fitzgerald Kennedy inhabited a world of special exemption: the family estate in suburban New York, the summer compound in Hyannis Port, the winter retreat in Palm Beach.
旁白：当约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪成年时，他生活在一个特殊的豁免世界：纽约郊区的家族庄园、海恩尼斯港的夏季别墅、棕榈滩的冬季度假胜地。
The story of his family's heroic multi-generational rise from the want of Irish famine might well have been a misty old folktale.
他的家族几代人因爱尔兰饥荒而英勇崛起的故事很可能是一个模糊的古老民间故事。
The past was not the point in the Kennedy household.
对于肯尼迪家族来说，过去并不是重点。
Jack's father, Joseph P.
杰克的父亲约瑟夫·P.
Kennedy, was one of the wealthiest men in America: an Irish-Catholic businessman who had grabbed his fortune in the WASP-dominated world of high finance, and then became a celebrated administrator in President Franklin Roosevelt's momentous New Deal government.
肯尼迪是美国最富有的人之一：一位爱尔兰天主教商人，在 WASP 主导的高级金融界攫取了财富，然后成为富兰克林·罗斯福总统重要的新政政府中的著名行政官员。
Joe Kennedy expected his sons in particular to have a large effect on the world.
乔·肯尼迪特别期望他的儿子们能够对世界产生巨大影响。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He's a model of what they're taught to emulate.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：他是他们被教导效仿的典范。
He's striving.
他正在努力。
He's reaching.
他快到了。
He's always on the move.
他总是在移动。
He's accomplishing.
他正在取得成就。
And it was expected of them to do the same thing.
人们期望他们也做同样的事情。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : They were very pampered and enabled.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：他们非常受宠，能力也很强。
They were made to feel special, which is good, and they were special, and they were made to feel obliged to serve their country; that was great.
他们被要求感到自己很特别，这很好，而且他们很特别，他们被要求感到有义务为自己的国家服务。那很棒。
But they were also given a kind of confidence that it would always go well for them.
但他们也被赋予了一种信心，相信一切都会对他们有利。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : After the stock market crash occurred in 1929 John Kennedy didn't know that there was all this privation in the country.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)： 1929 年股市崩盘后，约翰·肯尼迪并不知道这个国家存在如此多的贫困。
He never wanted for a meal.
他从来不想吃饭。
And it wasn't until he read something later in high school and college about the Depression that it registered on his consciousness.
直到他后来在高中和大学读到一些有关大萧条的文章时，它才在他的意识中留下了深刻的印象。
Narrator: : Even in the raucous Kennedy clan -- even among his eight brothers and sisters -- Jack stood out.
旁白：即使在喧闹的肯尼迪家族中，甚至在他的八个兄弟姐妹中，杰克也脱颖而出。
He kept his own schedule -- usually late.
他遵守自己的时间表——通常会迟到。
He was apt to test the patience of his elders, unconcerned with rules, and loose with money.
他很容易考验长辈的耐心，不关心规则，对金钱也很放荡。
He plied shopkeepers with the promise that his father would pay the bill, whatever it was.
他向店主保证，无论账单是什么，他的父亲都会付账。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Jack would expect maids to take care of him, cook his meals, do his laundry, pick up his clothes.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：杰克希望女仆照顾他，为他做饭，洗衣服，收拾他的衣服。
And so he has a very privileged childhood, except for one thing: that he is burdened by a series of considerable health problems.
因此，他有一个非常优越的童年，除了一件事：他受到一系列严重的健康问题的困扰。
Narrator: : Jack almost died of scarlet fever in 1920, just before his third birthday.
旁白：1920 年，就在他三岁生日之前，杰克差点死于猩红热。
Two years later, a case of whooping cough landed him in another quarantine ward.
两年后，他因患百日咳而住进了另一间隔离病房。
Soon after his parents shipped him off to a prestigious boarding school in Connecticut, Jack's letters home began to include reports of his shaky health.
在他的父母把他送到康涅狄格州一所著名的寄宿学校后不久，杰克的家信开始包括他健康状况不稳定的报告。
At Choate, Jack's ongoing digestive ailments made him a reliable customer of the campus infirmary.
在乔特，杰克持续的消化系统疾病使他成为校园医务室的可靠客户。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jack didn't know what was wrong with him.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：杰克不知道自己出了什么问题。
All he knew was that on a regular basis he would take sick, get a high fever, end up in the hospital, that he couldn't gain weight, that he couldn't run around and play sports the way he wanted to.
他所知道的是，他经常生病，发高烧，最终住进医院，他无法增加体重，他无法按照他想要的方式到处跑和进行运动。
Robert Caro, Historian: : He was terribly thin.
历史学家罗伯特·卡罗：：他非常瘦。
He had recurrent bouts of nausea and vomiting, continual bouts of high fever, and he was tired all the time.
他反复出现恶心、呕吐，持续发高烧，而且一直很疲倦。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Joe Sr. worried that Jack might take on the image of someone who lacked the physical strength to achieve great things in life.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：老乔担心杰克可能会被认为是一个缺乏体力去实现人生伟大事业的人。
By the time he was 17 years old, his health was so questionable, they sent him off to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, to try and figure out what his problems were.
当他 17 岁时，他的健康状况非常可疑，他们把他送到明尼苏达州罗彻斯特的梅奥诊所，试图找出他的问题所在。
Narrator: : Test results at Mayo indicated that Jack suffered from an intestinal inflammation called colitis.
旁白：：梅奥诊所的测试结果表明，杰克患有一种称为结肠炎的肠道炎症。
But the doctors warned him that he might have hepatitis, or worse, leukemia.
但医生警告他，他可能患有肝炎，或更糟糕的是，患有白血病。
When his blood count dropped to near-fatal readings, he made light: "they call me '2000 to go Kennedy,'" he wrote a friend, "took a peek at my chart yesterday and could see that they were mentally measuring me for a coffin."
当他的血细胞计数下降到接近致命的读数时，他轻松地说：“他们叫我‘2000年去肯尼迪’，”他在给朋友的信中写道，“昨天看了我的图表，可以看出他们在心里衡量我是否适合棺材。”
Robert Caro, Historian: : He never stops joking and laughing, even in the worst circumstances.
历史学家罗伯特·卡罗：即使在最糟糕的情况下，他也从未停止过开玩笑和大笑。
When the wife of his headmaster at Choate comes to visit him she says, "Jack never stopped kidding around with me the whole time I was there."
当乔特校长的妻子来看望他时，她说：“我在那儿的整个过程中，杰克从未停止跟我开玩笑。”
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : He had to become very stoic, and at the same time he had to project an image of vitality.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：他必须变得非常坚忍，同时他必须表现出一种充满活力的形象。
So although he was feeling poorly a lot of the time, he couldn't let on that he was feeling poorly.
所以，虽然他很多时候感觉不舒服，但他不能表现出他感觉不舒服。
Narrator: : Joe Sr. refused to lower expectations for his second son, whatever his illness.
旁白：：老乔拒绝降低对他的第二个儿子的期望，无论他的病情如何。
"Don't let me lose confidence in you again," Joe wrote to Jack after a less-than-sterling report from the headmaster at Choate, "because it will be…
“不要让我再次对你失去信心，”乔特校长在收到一份不太标准的报告后给杰克写信，“因为这将是……
nearly an impossible task to restore it."
恢复它几乎是一项不可能的任务。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Joe Kennedy, Sr., drives this point home to his sons.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：老乔·肯尼迪向他的儿子们强调了这一点。
Joe Kennedy's message to them is: Second is never good enough.
乔·肯尼迪向他们传达的信息是：第二永远不够好。
Only first.
只有第一。
Only winning.
只有胜利。
Only being at the top.
只是处于顶端。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Joe Jr. was picked out: "You're going to be President," and Joe was determined to please Dad, and was going to do whatever Dad wanted.
编剧埃文·托马斯：：小乔被选中：“你将成为总统”，乔决心取悦爸爸，并会做爸爸想做的任何事情。
He was a familiar type: student body president, captain of teams, best-looking boy, destined for success.
他是我们熟悉的类型：学生会主席、队长、最帅的男孩、注定会成功。
Jack was one step away.
杰克离他只有一步之遥。
Yes, he wanted to please Dad, but he might think about it for a second.
是的，他想取悦爸爸，但他可能想一下。
And there stirred in him a little quiet, and maybe even more than quiet, rebellion.
他内心深处激起了一丝安静，甚至可能比安静还要强烈的叛逆。
David Nasaw, Historian: : The problem with Jack, at least for his father, is he doesn't take anything seriously.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：杰克的问题，至少对他父亲来说，是他不认真对待任何事情。
Nothing.
没有什么。
At Choate, where there is a strict prep school behavioral code, where the last thing you do is snicker or make fun of your teachers or talk behind their backs, Jack just can't help himself.
在乔特，预科学校有严格的行为准则，你做的最后一件事就是偷笑、取笑你的老师或在背后议论，杰克就是控制不住自己。
The more pompous the headmaster, the more ridiculous the speeches at chapel, the more he feels absolutely compelled not only to make fun himself but to draw his circle of friends in.
校长越自负，在教堂里的演讲越荒唐，他就越觉得自己不仅要取笑自己，还要吸引他的朋友圈子。
When he organizes a prank, all the other boys are in.
当他组织恶作剧时，所有其他男孩都参加了。
Narrator: : Jack Kennedy was a capable student in the courses he liked, indifferent to those he didn't.
旁白：：杰克·肯尼迪在他喜欢的课程上是一名优秀的学生，对那些他不喜欢的课程漠不关心。
His acquaintance with the rules of spelling and grammar appeared fleeting.
他对拼写和语法规则的熟悉似乎转瞬即逝。
He spent much of his depleted energy on campus high-jinks...
他把大部分耗尽的精力都花在了校园的狂欢上……
or romance.
或浪漫。
Even in high school, his roster of conquest was a source of wonderment.
即使在高中，他的征服名单也令人惊叹。
"It can't be my good looks," he wrote to a Choate friend, "because I'm not much handsomer than anybody else.
“这不可能是因为我的美貌，”他写信给乔特的一位朋友，“因为我并不比其他人帅多少。
It must be my personality."
这一定是我的个性。”
When Jack announced his decision to join his prep-school friends at Princeton instead of following Joe Jr. to Harvard, his father made his disappointment known: "You want to get away from your brother, I take it.
当杰克宣布决定加入普林斯顿预科学校的朋友，而不是跟随小乔去哈佛时，他的父亲表达了他的失望：“我明白，你想远离你的兄弟。
Too much competition."
竞争太多了。”
Fall term 1936, Jack enrolled at Harvard.
1936 年秋季学期，杰克就读于哈佛大学。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : The Kennedys were a loving family but bitterly competitive.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），编剧：：肯尼迪家族是一个充满爱的家庭，但竞争也很激烈。
This comes from the father, but it becomes entrenched in them.
这来自于父亲，但却在他们心中根深蒂固。
They were always putting each other down -- verbally, games, sailing, touch football -- nonstop competition.
他们总是互相贬低——言语上、比赛中、帆船运动、触身式橄榄球——不间断的竞争。
And a lot of it's joyous but there's an edge there too, almost a meanness.
其中很多都是令人愉快的，但也有一个边缘，几乎是一种卑鄙。
Narrator: : Where Joe Jr. and Jack were concerned, friends remembered, "everything was a contest, whether a swim in the pool or a race to the breakfast table."
旁白：小乔和杰克的朋友们记得，“一切都是一场竞赛，无论是在游泳池里游泳还是在早餐桌上赛跑。”
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jack was always smaller, punier.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：杰克总是身材矮小、弱小。
He never gave up, and he always got beat up.
他从不放弃，却总是被打败。
It was par for the course.
这是课程的标准。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Jack would indulge in these sort of hit-and-run attacks.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：：杰克会沉迷于这种打了就跑的攻击。
And it would frustrate Joe Jr., who would dash after him.
这会让小乔感到沮丧，他会追赶他。
But Jack was fast, and Joe wouldn't necessarily catch him.
但杰克速度很快，乔不一定能追上他。
And so Jack learned how to compete in an effective way, in a world where he wasn't always the biggest, the strongest, the smartest.
因此，杰克学会了如何以有效的方式竞争，在一个他并不总是最大、最强、最聪明的世界里。
Narrator: : At the end of Jack's sophomore year at Harvard, Joe Kennedy took a new job in London as ambassador to America's most important ally.
旁白：杰克在哈佛读完大二后，乔·肯尼迪在伦敦找到了一份新工作，担任美国最重要盟友的大使。
Jack trailed his father across the Atlantic a few months later for a summer's work in his father's new office.
几个月后，杰克跟随父亲横渡大西洋，在父亲的新办公室工作了一个暑假。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : When Joe Kennedy, Sr., became ambassador to Great Britain in 1938, it opened up a world for Jack which he had not quite glimpsed before.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)： 1938 年，老乔·肯尼迪 (Joe Kennedy, Sr.) 出任驻英国大使，为杰克打开了一个他以前从未见过的世界。
There was his father at the center of British social life, and it allowed Jack to make intellectual as well as social contacts with the most important people in Great Britain, and to engage in conversation and intellectual exchange, which stimulated him greatly.
他的父亲处于英国社会生活的中心，这使得杰克能够与英国最重要的人物进行知识和社会接触，进行对话和知识交流，这对他产生了极大的刺激。
These were the roots of his interest in international affairs.
这是他对国际事务感兴趣的根源。
Narrator: : Jack had a front row seat that summer, in the most consequential season of international gamesmanship in a generation.
旁白：那年夏天，杰克坐在前排，这是一代人国际比赛中最重要的一个赛季。
The German leader, Adolf Hitler, had spent the previous five years building the most powerful military Europe had ever seen, and in 1938, he was showing signs he might use it.
德国领导人阿道夫·希特勒 (Adolf Hitler) 在过去五年里建立了欧洲有史以来最强大的军事力量，1938 年，他表现出了可能使用它的迹象。
Hitler had already frightened Austria into accepting annexation and he was menacing Czechoslovakia and Poland.
希特勒已经吓唬奥地利接受吞并，并威胁捷克斯洛伐克和波兰。
The rest of Europe -- and America too -- was trying to figure out how to handle the German threat.
欧洲其他国家——还有美国——正在试图找出如何应对德国的威胁。
Joe Sr. knew what was at stake for his country, and for himself.
老乔知道他的国家和他自己面临着什么危险。
There was talk among serious Democrats that Joe Kennedy was in line for the Presidency...
认真的民主党人中有传言称乔·肯尼迪有望竞选总统……
if Franklin Roosevelt decided not to run in 1940.
如果富兰克林·罗斯福在 1940 年决定不参选。
The Ambassador never stopped talking politics and policy, even when the workday was over, at the family's temporary residence, 14 Princes Gate, Westminster, London.
即使在工作日结束后，大使也从未停止谈论政治和政策，即使是在家人临时住所（伦敦威斯敏斯特王子门 14 号）。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Joe Sr. loved to encourage spirited debate among his children, particularly at mealtime.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：老乔喜欢鼓励孩子们进行激烈的辩论，尤其是在吃饭的时候。
One of his friends said that she liked to watch what happened at the dinner table.
他的一位朋友说，她喜欢看餐桌上发生的事情。
It was sort of like Joe would drop a depth charge and wait for something to explode.
这有点像乔会扔下一枚深水炸弹，然后等待什么东西爆炸。
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : There was a lot of conversation about France and England, and what was going to happen with England, what would happen with America, and would we enter the war.
吉恩·肯尼迪·史密斯修女：：有很多关于法国和英国的谈话，以及英国会发生什么，美国会发生什么，以及我们是否会参战。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Joseph P.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：约瑟夫·P.
Kennedy was convinced that if the United States was drawn into a war in Europe that it would ruin the economy.
肯尼迪坚信，如果美国卷入欧洲战争，就会毁掉经济。
Democracy would be lost.
民主将会丧失。
The millions of dollars he had put aside for his boys would be lost, the America he knew and loved would be lost, and it wasn't worth it.
他为孩子们存下的数百万美元将会失去，他所了解和热爱的美国将会失去，这是不值得的。
Europe was Europe.
欧洲就是欧洲。
It was an ocean away.
那是一个大洋之遥。
And he figured anything was better than going to war with Hitler.
他认为任何事情都比与希特勒开战更好。
So why not try to make a deal with Hitler.
那么为什么不尝试与希特勒达成协议呢？
Jack Kennedy listened to his father.
杰克·肯尼迪听了他父亲的话。
And he sat and argued with his father at the dinner table about economics and world affairs.
他坐在餐桌上与父亲就经济和世界事务争论。
Narrator: : Jack was back at Harvard in the fall of 1938.
旁白：：1938 年秋天，杰克回到哈佛。
He monitored from afar the international summit in Munich, where British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain struck a deal to cede a small piece of Czechoslovakia to Germany in exchange for a promise from Hitler that he would stop there.
他从远处监视着慕尼黑国际峰会，英国首相内维尔·张伯伦在会上达成了一项协议，将一小块捷克斯洛伐克割让给德国，以换取希特勒承诺他将在那里停下来。
He also saw his father congratulating Chamberlain for keeping the peace.
他还看到他的父亲祝贺张伯伦维持了和平。
Joe Kennedy, Sr. (archival audio): : When asked by the newspapermen this afternoon what I thought the chances were of appeasement succeeding, I told them I wasn't sure at all, but it was certainly worthwhile trying.
老乔·肯尼迪（档案音频）：今天下午，当记者问我认为绥靖政策成功的可能性有多大时，我告诉他们我完全不确定，但这确实值得尝试。
Narrator: : Jack asked permission to spend the next semester back in Europe, so he could gather material for a senior thesis.
旁白：：杰克请求允许他下学期回到欧洲，这样他就可以收集高级论文的材料。
U.S. embassies and consulates would be obliged to welcome Joe Kennedy's boy.
美国大使馆和领事馆将有义务欢迎乔·肯尼迪的儿子。
He was back at his parent's home in London by March 1939, right around the time Hitler broke his promise to Chamberlain and seized the rest of Czechoslovakia.
1939 年 3 月，他回到了父母在伦敦的家，就在希特勒违背对张伯伦的承诺并占领了捷克斯洛伐克其余地区的时候。
Jack headed straight for the Continent, and beyond, to see for himself what was happening.
杰克径直前往欧洲大陆，甚至更远的地方，想亲眼看看到底发生了什么。
David Nasaw, Historian: : He questions people.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：他向人们提问。
He talks.
他说话了。
He listens.
他听着。
He reads the headlines.
他读头条新闻。
He hangs out in the consulates.
他常在领事馆闲逛。
He tries to talk to the diplomats in each of these countries, and to the newsmen, the journalists.
他试图与这些国家的外交官以及新闻记者进行交谈。
Narrator: : Jack got as near the action as he could get -- the border between Germany and Poland -- where Hitler's powerful war machine appeared to be massing for attack.
旁白：杰克尽可能地接近行动地点——德国和波兰之间的边界——希特勒强大的战争机器似乎正在集结进攻。
He was safely back at his father's embassy in London on September 1st, when German soldiers crossed into Poland, and German planes began bombing cities, killing innocent civilians.
9 月 1 日，当德国士兵越境进入波兰时，他安全回到父亲驻伦敦大使馆，德国飞机开始轰炸城市，杀害无辜平民。
Britain was bound by treaty to defend its ally, Poland, and Jack was at the House of Commons to hear the war talk.
英国受条约约束，必须保卫其盟友波兰，而杰克正在下议院聆听战争谈话。
He was on the streets, watching, as England prepared for war and he listened in on Prime Minister Chamberlain's address to a nervous nation.
他在街上观看英国为战争做准备，并聆听张伯伦首相向紧张的国家发表的讲话。
Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister (archival audio): : You can imagine, what a bitter blow it is to me, that all my long struggle to win peace has failed.
内维尔·张伯伦，首相（档案音频）：你可以想象，我为赢得和平而进行的长期斗争都失败了，这对我来说是多么沉重的打击。
Yet I cannot believe that there is anything more or anything different that I could have done ...
然而我不敢相信我还能做更多或不同的事情......
Narrator: : Chamberlain's weakness -- his dispirited call to arms -- was something Jack Kennedy would never forget.
旁白：：张伯伦的弱点——他沮丧的战斗号召——是杰克·肯尼迪永远不会忘记的。
The onset of war did offer Jack his first shot at public service and at public attention.
战争的爆发确实为杰克提供了第一次从事公共服务和公众关注的机会。
When a German U-boat sank a British passenger liner with more than 300 Americans on board, Ambassador Kennedy sent 22-year-old Jack to reassure the survivors that the Embassy would get them safely home.
当一艘德国 U 型潜艇击沉了一艘载有 300 多名美国人的英国客轮时，肯尼迪大使派 22 岁的杰克去安抚幸存者，大使馆将让他们安全回家。
"Mr. Kennedy," wrote a British newspaperman, "displayed a wisdom and sympathy of a man twice his years."
一位英国报纸记者写道：“肯尼迪先生表现出了两倍于他年龄的人的智慧和同情心。”
He arrived for his final year at Harvard with a self-confidence that surprised his professors, and a new sense of purpose.
他带着令他的教授们惊讶的自信和新的目标感来到了哈佛，度过了他的最后一年。
He spent his last semester grinding away at his honors thesis, "Appeasement at Munich." Jack's thesis cut against prevailing public sentiment, which held that British Prime Minister Chamberlain's actions at Munich had been dishonorable -- even cowardly.
他用最后一个学期的时间苦苦钻研他的荣誉论文《慕尼黑的绥靖政策》。杰克的论文与普遍的公众情绪相悖，公众认为英国首相张伯伦在慕尼黑的行为是不光彩的，甚至是懦弱的。
Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler, he argued, had been understandable.
他认为，张伯伦对希特勒的绥靖政策是可以理解的。
Britain had been so lax in building its military in the previous decade that the Prime Minister had little choice but to go to the negotiating table and buy time.
过去十年里，英国在军队建设方面非常松懈，首相别无选择，只能走上谈判桌争取时间。
The 150-page paper got mixed reviews.
这篇 150 页的论文获得了褒贬不一的评价。
His professors found it "wordy," and "repetitious." But they had to admit it was an intelligent discussion of complacency in pre-war Britain.
他的教授们认为它“冗长”且“重复”。但他们不得不承认，这是对战前英国自满情绪的明智讨论。
Joe Sr. was impressed enough to help get the thesis published.
老乔对此印象深刻，帮助发表了论文。
By the time John Kennedy graduated Harvard in June of 1940, his first book, Why England Slept , was on its way to the reading public.
1940 年 6 月，约翰·肯尼迪 (John Kennedy) 从哈佛大学毕业时，他的第一本书《英国为何沉睡》(Why England Sleep) 即将面向读者推出。
He hustled hard promoting his book -- and his big idea: Democracies had to be armed and ready to fight at all times, he said, the United States included.
他大力宣传他的书和他的伟大想法：他说，民主国家必须武装起来，随时准备战斗，包括美国。
Radio Announcer (archival audio): : Good evening ladies and gentlemen.
电台播音员（档案音频）：：女士们先生们晚上好。
At this time we're indeed pleased to have with us in our studios, Mr. John F.
此时此刻，我们确实很高兴约翰·F·肯尼迪先生来到我们的工作室。
Kennedy.
肯尼迪.
This young man has a clear-headed, realistic, un-hysterical message for his countrymen, and for his elders.
这位年轻人向他的同胞和长辈传达了一个头脑清醒、现实、不歇斯底里的信息。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : We must realize that we must always keep our armaments equal to our commitments.
肯尼迪（档案音频）：我们必须认识到，我们必须始终保持我们的军备等于我们的承诺。
We cannot tell anyone to keep out of our hemisphere unless our armaments and the people behind these armaments are prepared to back up the command even to the ultimate point of going to war...
我们不能告诉任何人不要进入我们的半球，除非我们的军备和这些军备背后的人准备好支持命令，甚至到开战的最终点……
Narrator: : The book was timely; Americans were beginning to wonder if Hitler's military could reach the United States.
旁白： ：这本书来得很及时；美国人开始怀疑希特勒的军队能否到达美国。
Why England Slept became a surprise best-seller.
《为何英格兰沉睡》意外成为畅销书。
His father was near preening about Jack's literary success, a first in the Kennedy clan.
他的父亲几乎在吹嘘杰克的文学成就，这在肯尼迪家族中尚属首次。
When the Duchess of Kent told the Ambassador she thought the boy was awfully young to be writing a serious book, Joe said simply, "my experience is that my sons are very precocious."
当肯特公爵夫人告诉大使，她认为这个男孩还太年轻，无法写一本严肃的书时，乔简单地说：“我的经验是，我的儿子们非常早熟。”
They were headed in different directions, Jack and his father, on account of this war in Europe.
由于这场欧洲战争，杰克和他的父亲走向了不同的方向。
The German Army had already occupied Paris, and appeared to be headed toward London, and Joe Kennedy was still advising President Roosevelt to keep the U.S. out of the fight.
德国军队已经占领了巴黎，并且似乎正在向伦敦进发，而乔·肯尼迪仍在建议罗斯福总统不要让美国参与战斗。
This was England's war, he said, and one they were likely to lose.
他说，这是英格兰的战争，他们很可能会输掉这场战争。
Roosevelt was actively distancing himself from his wayward Ambassador; by the time Joe Sr. was recalled from London, reporters on both sides of the Atlantic were calling him a Hitler apologist, a defeatist.
罗斯福积极地与任性的大使保持距离。当老乔被从伦敦召回时，大西洋两岸的记者都称他为希特勒的辩护者、失败主义者。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Joe Kennedy returned in disgrace and in the minority.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：乔·肯尼迪带着耻辱和少数派的身份回归。
And at some point he decided he was going to make a speech defending his position.
在某个时候，他决定发表演讲捍卫自己的立场。
Joe had dozens of people he could have called on: journalists, newspapermen, historians, researchers.
乔可以请几十个人：记者、新闻记者、历史学家、研究人员。
He had professional speechwriters working for him.
他有专业的演讲撰稿人为他工作。
But he asked Jack to do it.
但他要求杰克这么做。
Jack Kennedy wasn't a puppet.
杰克·肯尼迪不是傀儡。
He didn't swallow his father's beliefs, and he said to him: You can talk about the need for compromise and for negotiations, but say over and over and over again that you hate Nazism, you hate fascism, you hate Hitler.
他没有放弃父亲的信仰，他对他说：你可以谈论妥协和谈判的必要性，但要一遍又一遍地说，你讨厌纳粹主义，你讨厌法西斯主义，你讨厌希特勒。
And don't use the word isolationist or appeaser .
并且不要使用“孤立主义者”或“绥靖者”一词。
Joe eventually gave that speech, and he followed some but not enough of his son's recommendations, and ended up further on the outs with the Roosevelt administration.
乔最终发表了那场演讲，他遵循了儿子的一些建议，但还不够，最终与罗斯福政府进一步出局。
Joe Kennedy, Sr. (archival): : Of course there's a risk in any course of action.
老乔·肯尼迪（档案）：当然，任何行动都存在风险。
But all doubts as to what is the best thing we can do should be resolved in the one statement, how can we best keep out of war?
但是，关于我们能做的最好的事情是什么的所有疑问都应该在一个声明中得到解决：我们怎样才能最好地避免战争？
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Jack initially defended his father's isolationism.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：杰克最初为他父亲的孤立主义辩护。
But as time went on, he realized that the United States needed to help Britain, to get in the game, to fight for freedom.
但随着时间的推移，他意识到美国需要帮助英国，参与其中，为自由而战。
His father was dead set against American intervention; Jack becomes for it.
他的父亲坚决反对美国的干预。杰克变得很适合它。
Newsreel (archival): : Air cadet Joseph P.
新闻影片（档案）：：空军学员 Joseph P.
Kennedy Jr. reports for preliminary training.
小肯尼迪报到参加初步训练。
With other college men, he'll try for Navy wing...
与其他大学生一起，他将尝试加入海军联队......
Narrator: :The older Kennedy boys were doing more than talking war in 1941.
旁白：：1941 年，年长的肯尼迪男孩们所做的不仅仅是谈论战争。
Joe Jr. signed on as a flier for the Navy, even though the U.S. had not yet entered the fight.
尽管美国尚未参战，小乔还是签约成为海军飞行员。
Jack was no less keen to get his shot at glory, if war came.
如果战争爆发，杰克同样渴望获得荣耀。
But he was unable to get past the military doctors.
但他无法绕过军医。
His poor health was impossible to miss.
他的健康状况不佳是不容忽视的。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : When he was 20 years old he began using steroids, and it reined in his colitis, but it had terrible side effects.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：20 岁时，他开始使用类固醇，它控制了他的结肠炎，但它有可怕的副作用。
And it also began to cause deterioration of the bones in his lower back.
它还开始导致他的下背部骨骼恶化。
So, he was rejected, as someone who would be what was called 4F.
所以，他被拒绝了，成为所谓的4F。
Robert Caro, Historian: :He spends five months doing calisthenics, lifting weights, trying to build himself up enough.
历史学家罗伯特·卡罗：：他花了五个月的时间做健美操、举重，试图让自己变得足够强大。
He still fails the examination.
他仍然没有通过考试。
He tells his father that he has to arrange for him to have a special medical exam, which basically means a fixed medical exam, to clear him so he can get into the Navy.
他告诉他的父亲，他必须安排他进行一次特殊的体检，这基本上意味着一次固定的体检，以证明他可以进入海军。
Narrator: : The new ensign was assigned to Naval Intelligence in Washington, where he became an instant, if minor, celebrity.
旁白：：这位新少尉被分配到华盛顿的海军情报部门，在那里他立即成为名人，尽管还不是很出名。
The Ambassador's son found himself at cocktail hours and dinner parties with Senators, Admirals, foreign diplomats, newspaper publishers.
大使的儿子经常与参议员、海军上将、外国外交官、报纸出版商一起参加鸡尾酒会和晚宴。
They all wanted to know what the boy author thought about the big question of the day: should the U.S. get into the war?
他们都想知道这位男孩作者对当今的大问题有何看法：美国应该参战吗？
Franklin D.
富兰克林·D.
Roosevelt (archival audio): : The sudden criminal attacks perpetrated by the Japanese in the Pacific provide the climax of a decade of international immorality.
罗斯福（档案音频）：：日本在太平洋地区发动的突然犯罪袭击将十年来国际不道德行为推向了高潮。
Powerful and resourceful gangsters have banded together to make war from a whole human race...
强大而足智多谋的歹徒联合起来，向全人类发起战争……
Their challenge has now been flung at the United States of America.
他们的挑战现在已转向美利坚合众国。
Narrator: : After Pearl Harbor, America needed warriors like never before, but Kennedy remained at safe remove, in Naval Intelligence.
旁白：珍珠港事件后，美国前所未有地需要战士，但肯尼迪仍然留在海军情报局的安全地带。
When he finally, with the help of family connections, landed an assignment to train with a new combat unit -- PT boats -- he pronounced himself "delighted."
当他最终在家人关系的帮助下获得了与新的战斗部队——PT 艇一起训练的任务时，他表示自己“很高兴”。
Robert Caro, Historian: : Now, you know, PT boats, they're known as the bucking broncos of the Navy because they're very light-hulled, and they skim so fast over the waves, so that each wave is a bounce.
历史学家罗伯特·卡罗：现在，你知道，PT 船，它们被称为海军的“狂野野马”，因为它们的船体非常轻，并且在海浪中快速掠过，因此每次波浪都是一次反弹。
Each wave is a jolt.
每一次波浪都是一次震动。
The men who served with it said he was always in pain.
与它一起服役的人说他总是感到痛苦。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : This was rough service and it was terrible on his back.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：这是一次粗暴的服务，他的背也很糟糕。
Nevertheless, he perseveres and gets assigned to the South West Pacific, which is where the action is, fighting the Japanese.
尽管如此，他还是坚持了下来，并被分配到西南太平洋，在那里与日本人作战。
Narrator: : Kennedy arrived in the Solomon Islands in the spring of 1943, and took command of a 56-ton attack boat, PT-109.
旁白： 1943 年春，肯尼迪抵达所罗门群岛，并指挥了一艘 56 吨级攻击艇 PT-109。
He liked his 12-man crew, but was unimpressed by the higher-ups.
他喜欢他的 12 名船员，但对高层不以为然。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : He was a very junior officer out in the Pacific.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：他是太平洋地区的一名非常初级的军官。
He was on the margins of the war.
他处于战争的边缘。
But he saw how a military operated not from the top down but from the bottom up.
但他看到军队的运作方式不是自上而下，而是自下而上。
And one of his favorite expressions was, "The military screws up everything."
他最喜欢的表达方式之一是“军队搞砸了一切”。
Narrator: : PT-109's skipper did little to distinguish himself in his first four months on duty.
旁白：：PT-109 的船长在执勤的头四个月里几乎没有表现出什么出色的表现。
He and his men ran raids on Japanese supply convoys; they were shot at and they fired back, but steered clear of major incident...
他和他的部下袭击了日本的补给车队；他们遭到枪击并还击，但避免发生重大事件......
until a hot, starless night that August.
直到那年八月一个炎热、没有星星的夜晚。
Out on a routine mission, Kennedy had his vessel idling in open water, when a Japanese destroyer emerged out of the darkness, racing at 40 knots, and split his boat in half.
肯尼迪执行例行任务时，他的船在开阔水域空转，这时一艘日本驱逐舰从黑暗中出现，以 40 节的速度行驶，将他的船劈成两半。
Two of his crewmen were killed immediately.
他的两名船员立即被杀。
It took Kennedy nearly three hours -- swimming around in the dark -- to gather the survivors onto what was left of his PT boat.
肯尼迪花了近三个小时在黑暗中游来游去，才将幸存者聚集到他剩下的鱼雷艇上。
His engineer, Pappy McMahon, was badly burned, in excruciating pain, and helpless.
他的工程师帕皮·麦克马洪 (Pappy McMahon) 被严重烧伤，痛苦不堪，而且无助。
They were still stranded in open water at daybreak.
天亮时他们仍滞留在开阔水域。
Mid-afternoon, what was left of PT-109 was beginning to sink, and it looked like they had been left for dead.
下午三点左右，PT-109 剩下的部分开始下沉，看起来他们已经被遗弃了。
Robert Caro, Historian: : They're drifting, holding onto the hull and drifting in the water, when he sees a group of islands about three miles off.
历史学家罗伯特·卡罗：：他们正在漂流，抓住船体并在水中漂流，这时他看到了大约三英里外的一组岛屿。
He tells them they have to swim to it to survive.
他告诉他们必须游到那里才能生存。
But how is McMahon going to swim?
但麦克马洪要如何游泳呢？
McMahon is wearing a life jacket.
麦克马洪穿着救生衣。
Kennedy takes one of the straps, cuts it, puts one end in his teeth, tells McMahon to lay on his back, and then he tows him the three miles to this island.
肯尼迪拿起其中一根带子，剪断它，将一端放入牙齿中，让麦克马洪仰卧，然后将他拖到三英里外的这个岛上。
And when he gets up on the beach he collapses.
当他在海滩上站起来时，他倒下了。
The men who were with Kennedy that day, they all speak of his sense of responsibility, that it was his job, that he would spare no effort to try and get help for his crew.
那天与肯尼迪在一起的人都谈到了他的责任感，这是他的工作，他会不遗余力地为他的船员寻求帮助。
Narrator: : It took a week, but Kennedy did manage to get his crew rescued.
旁白：：花了一周的时间，肯尼迪确实设法让他的船员获救。
"Fortunately," he wrote to his father, "they misjudged the durability of a Kennedy."
“幸运的是，”他写信给父亲，“他们错误地判断了肯尼迪的耐用性。”
He made it out alive a few months later -- sent Stateside for medical reasons-- and when he arrived at his parents' winter home in Palm Beach his weight was down to around 120.
几个月后，他因健康原因被送往美国，活了下来。当他到达父母位于棕榈滩的过冬别墅时，他的体重下降到了 120 磅左右。
His back was so bad, he needed a brace and a cane to walk.
他的背部非常糟糕，需要支具和拐杖才能行走。
But he was also a war hero; the Navy had made a public display of putting two medals on his bony chest.
但他也是一位战争英雄。海军公开展示了在他瘦骨嶙峋的胸前佩戴两枚奖章。
And the story of PT-109 made great copy read by millions.
PT-109 的故事被数百万人阅读。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : The country needs heroes at this point in the war.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：：在战争的这个时刻，国家需要英雄。
And so Jack, in a sense, fulfills that role.
所以从某种意义上说，杰克履行了这个角色。
Here is this wealthy son of the famous ambassador to Britain, who didn't have to go into this kind of combat service, and they don't talk about the fact that maybe his seamanship was in some ways deficient, in that his boat was cut in half.
这是一位著名驻英国大使的富有的儿子，他不必参加这种战斗服务，而且他们没有谈论这样一个事实：也许他的航海技术在某些方面有缺陷，因为他的船被切成两半。
His brother, who was in London as an aviator, wrote some letters to him that were kind of demonstrating in a subtle way how envious he was.
他的兄弟在伦敦担任飞行员，给他写了一些信，以微妙的方式表达了他有多么羡慕。
Narrator: : Joe Jr., of course, was not going to be outdone by his kid brother.
旁白：：当然，小乔不会被他的弟弟打败。
He volunteered for a dangerous bombing run across the English Channel, in spite of the fact that he had already flown enough missions to earn a pass home.
尽管他已经执行了足够多的任务以获得回家的通行证，但他还是自愿参加了穿越英吉利海峡的危险轰炸。
Just minutes into that secret mission, Joe's bomber exploded over the English countryside.
秘密任务刚开始几分钟，乔的轰炸机就在英国乡村上空爆炸。
His body was never recovered.
他的尸体再也没有被找到。
"Joe's worldly success was so assured and inevitable," Jack wrote, "that his death seems to have cut into the natural order of things." While Jack remained stoic, as always, the depth of his father's despair was unsettling.
“乔的世俗成功是如此确定和不可避免，”杰克写道，“他的死似乎已经打破了事物的自然秩序。”虽然杰克一如既往地保持坚忍，但他父亲的绝望之深却令人不安。
"There is something about the first-born that sets him a little apart," Joe Sr. wrote, "You know what great things I saw in the future for him, and now it's all over."
“长子身上有一些东西让他有点与众不同，”老乔写道，“你知道我在他的未来看到了多么伟大的事情，但现在一切都结束了。”
David Nasaw: :Historain: The thought never comes to Joe Sr. or anybody else in the family that now that Joe Jr. has been killed, Jack's got to step in and become the leader of the family and run for political office and become the standard bearer for the Kennedy family, because no one thinks Jack is well enough in 1944.
大卫·纳索：：历史学家：老乔或家族中的其他任何人都不会想到，既然小乔已经被杀，杰克就必须介入并成为家族领袖，竞选政治职位，成为肯尼迪家族的旗手，因为没有人认为杰克在 1944 年表现得足够好。
He's skeletal.
他是骷髅。
You can't imagine that this man isn't dreadfully, dreadfully sick.
你无法想象这个人没有病得很严重。
And the pain from his back is such that he cannot stand up, sit down, lie down.
而且他的背部疼痛得让他无法站起来、坐下、躺下。
It's unimaginable that he will be able to campaign for office, or hold office.
很难想象他能够竞选公职，或者担任公职。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : Like many decisions in life, a combination of factors pressed on me, which directed me into my present profession.
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：就像生活中的许多决定一样，多种因素共同作用在我身上，引导我从事目前的职业。
Period.
时期。
I was at loose ends at the end of the war, comma, I was not very interested in following a business career.
战争结束时我无所事事，逗号，我对商业生涯不太感兴趣。
Narrator: : John Kennedy hinted in later years that he had entered politics to please his father, but friends who knew him best suspected the engine that drove Jack was his own.
旁白：约翰·肯尼迪晚年暗示，他进入政坛是为了取悦父亲，但最了解他的朋友怀疑驱动杰克的发动机是他自己的。
When the Congressional seat once held by his grandfather and namesake, John Francis Fitzgerald, came open at the end of 1945, Jack jumped in feet first; he didn't mind if it antagonized every Democrat in the district who had dutifully waited his turn, which it did.
1945 年底，当他的祖父约翰·弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德 (John Francis Fitzgerald) 曾经担任过的国会席位空出时，杰克首先站了起来；他不介意这是否会激怒该地区每一个尽职尽责地等待轮到他的民主党人，事实确实如此。
"You're not going to win this fight," one ward boss told Kennedy to his face.
“你不会赢得这场战斗，”一位区长当面告诉肯尼迪。
"You don't belong here."
“你不属于这里。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He's seen as a kind of carpetbagger, an interloper.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：他被视为一种偷窃者、闯入者。
He didn't live in Boston and his opponents in the primary attack him for being a rich boy.
他不住在波士顿，他的初选对手攻击他是个富家子弟。
Narrator: : Even his best supporters -- even his own father -- wondered if Jack had it in him to challenge the local Democratic machine, or to win in a field of better-known candidates.
旁白：即使是他最好的支持者——甚至他自己的父亲——也想知道杰克是否有能力挑战当地的民主党机器，或者在更知名的候选人中获胜。
His health was still lousy -- "yellow as saffron, thin as a rake," one friend said.
他的健康状况仍然很糟糕——“黄得像藏红花，瘦得像耙子，”一位朋友说。
"He didn't seem built for politics," admitted another.
另一位人士承认：“他似乎不适合政治。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : His father of course brings into the picture some of the very experienced Boston pols, and they see him as a work in progress.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：：他的父亲当然让一些经验丰富的波士顿政治家参与其中，他们将他视为一项正在进行中的工作。
How is this really skinny guy, who doesn't seem all that eager to clap hands and "press the flesh," as they say, how are we going to convert him into a winning candidate?
这个骨瘦如柴的家伙怎么样，他似乎并不那么渴望拍手和“按肉”，正如他们所说，我们如何才能把他变成一个获胜的候选人？
David Nasaw, Historian: : They sigh when they see this kid.
历史学家大卫·纳索：：当他们看到这个孩子时，他们叹了口气。
He looks like a high school student.
他看起来像个高中生。
The major impediment to Jack is that he's not a very good candidate in the beginning.
杰克面临的主要障碍是他一开始就不是一个很好的候选人。
He's shy.
他很害羞。
He's withdrawn.
他很孤僻。
He doesn't like going up to strangers or shaking hands.
他不喜欢走向陌生人或握手。
He talks much too fast when he gives speeches.
他演讲时语速太快了。
Can't look at his audience.
无法直视他的观众。
His voice is too high-pitched.
他的声音太高亢了。
Robert Caro, Writer: : He used to often read from a prepared text, and he would do it in a mechanical way.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：他以前经常阅读准备好的文本，而且他会以机械的方式进行阅读。
They were so afraid that he would forget his speech that his sister Eunice once sat in the front row, mouthing the words like a -- like an opera prompter.
他们非常担心他会忘记他的演讲，以至于他的妹妹尤尼斯有一次坐在前排，用嘴型说话，就像歌剧提示符一样。
Narrator: : Long odds or no, Joe Kennedy poured money into his boy's race in 1946; he paid for thousands of hand-painted yard signs, advertising in print and radio, a professional polling operation.
旁白：无论胜算如何，乔·肯尼迪在 1946 年为他儿子的比赛投入了大量资金；他支付了数千个手绘院子标志、印刷品和广播广告以及专业投票机构的费用。
He distributed 100,000 copies of the New Yorker article about Jack's war heroics.
他分发了 10 万份《纽约客》有关杰克战争英雄的文章。
"With the money I spent, I could have elected my chauffeur," he liked to joke.
“用我花的钱，我可以选我的司机，”他喜欢开玩笑。
But his pride in his oldest remaining son grew as the campaign unfolded.
但随着竞选活动的展开，他对自己仅存的大儿子的自豪感与日俱增。
Robert Caro, Writer: : His father is watching him one day, standing at the gates of a factory.
作家罗伯特·卡罗：有一天，他的父亲站在一家工厂门口看着他。
And this mob of factory workers come out.
这群工厂工人就出来了。
Jack is standing there shaking hands, asking for votes, and the father is standing across the street with a friend.
杰克站在那里握手，要求选票，父亲和一位朋友站在街对面。
And he says, "I never in a million years thought Jack could do that."
他说：“一百万年来我从来没想过杰克能做到这一点。”
David Nasaw, Historian: : He taught himself -- with the help of lots of money from his father, and voice coaches, and political coaches -- he taught himself how to be a candidate.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：在他父亲、声乐教练和政治教练的大量资金帮助下，他自学了如何成为一名候选人。
He taught himself how to look at the people he was talking to, how to speak slowly.
他教会自己如何看待与他交谈的人，如何放慢语速。
He spent twice as much time talking to the local parish and the boys' clubs and the veterans' clubs and the women's clubs.
他花了两倍的时间与当地教区、男孩俱乐部、退伍军人俱乐部和妇女俱乐部交谈。
Whoever invited him, he went.
谁邀请他，他就去。
He never, ever, ever stopped.
他从来、从来、从来没有停止过。
Robert Caro, Writer: : This is a man who's wearing this canvas-covered steel brace all the time.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：这是一个一直戴着帆布覆盖的钢制支架的人。
And on long days of campaigning, that's not enough to try and hold himself up.
在漫长的竞选活动中，这不足以让他自己坚持下去。
So he has an Ace bandage, and he wraps it in a figure eight around his thighs and his back to give him extra support.
因此，他使用了一条 Ace 绷带，并将其以 8 字形缠绕在大腿和背部上，以提供额外的支撑。
And this is the neighborhood of three-deckers.
这是三层楼的附近。
So if you want to knock on doors, which is what politics was then, you had to climb over and over again, one building and then the next.
因此，如果你想敲门，这就是当时的政治，你必须一遍又一遍地爬，一栋楼然后另一栋。
And he couldn't climb stairs in a normal way.
而且他无法以正常方式爬楼梯。
What Jack Kennedy had to do was do it one step at a time.
杰克·肯尼迪要做的就是一步一步地做。
He put his foot on the next step and then pulled his other leg up.
他把脚踩在下一个台阶上，然后把另一条腿拉起来。
And these old pols would see him climbing these steps over and over, and never complaining.
这些老警察会看到他一遍又一遍地爬这些台阶，从不抱怨。
And they'd say, "How're you feeling?
他们会说：“你感觉怎么样？
You're not feeling too good?" He said, "I'm feeling fine."
你感觉不太好？”他说：“我感觉很好。”
Narrator: : He campaigned from sunrise to midnight, house to house, pub to pub, factory gate to factory gate, until he crumpled in a heap at the Bunker Hill parade -- on the eve of the primary.
旁白：他从日出到午夜，从一家到另一家，从一家酒吧到一家酒吧，从一个工厂门口到另一个工厂门口竞选，直到初选前夕在邦克山游行中瘫倒在地。
Some of the staff thought he was having a heart attack.
一些工作人员认为他心脏病发作。
Joe Kennedy told them to give him his medicine, and get him ready to campaign the next day, Election Day.
乔·肯尼迪告诉他们给他服药，让他准备好第二天即选举日的竞选活动。
He'd be fine.
他会没事的。
Jack won going away, nearly doubling the second-place finisher's vote total in the primary, and now a lock to win the general election in the heavily Democratic district in the fall.
杰克赢得了胜利，几乎使初选第二名的得票总数增加了一倍，现在已经锁定了秋季民主党占主导地位的选区的大选。
The kid was a winner after all.
这孩子终究是个胜利者。
His likes had rarely been seen on Capitol Hill; he looked a kid -- skeleton thin, with wrinkled khakis, sneakers, seer-sucker jackets, shirttails hanging out.
国会山上很少见到他这样的人。他看起来像个孩子——瘦骨嶙峋，穿着皱巴巴的卡其裤、运动鞋、透明夹克，衬衣下摆露在外面。
And he lived like one.
他就像一个人一样生活。
He was always running late; left a trail of clothes and unfinished meals in his Georgetown townhouse for his valet to clean up.
他总是迟到；在乔治敦的联排别墅里留下了一堆衣服和未吃完的饭菜，让他的代客清理。
He showed up at his office as little as possible; took scant interest in constituent services and only middling interest in his committee assignments.
他尽可能少地出现在办公室；对选民服务不感兴趣，对委员会的任务也只有中等兴趣。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He's very bored by the day-to-day duties of a congressman, and he felt that he really didn't have significant power.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：：他对国会议员的日常职责感到非常厌倦，并且他觉得自己确实没有重大权力。
Narrator: : He spent his evenings racing to movie theaters in his convertible, jockeying with the Washington trolley, a different girl in the passenger seat every night.
旁白：他晚上开着敞篷车赶往电影院，与华盛顿电车较量，每晚乘客座位上都有不同的女孩。
Was it a movie star, the newspapers wondered?
报纸想知道这是一位电影明星吗？
A socialite?
社交名流？
Another airline hostess?
又一个空姐？
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He's a playboy.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：：他是个花花公子。
He's a handsome young man.
他是一个英俊的年轻人。
He wins that office when he's 29 years old, and he's really a celebrity.
他在 29 岁时就赢得了这个职位，他确实是一个名人。
And he's enjoying himself.
他很享受。
It was a period of great self-indulgence.
那是一段非常自我放纵的时期。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Even as he's this reckless, glamorous, playful youth, there was a kind of vulnerability.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），编剧：尽管他是个鲁莽、迷人、顽皮的年轻人，但他还是有一种脆弱。
It's there.
它就在那里。
Narrator: : In the middle of the 1947 recess, a half-year into his first term, the young Congressman traveled to Britain to see his favorite sister Kathleen.
旁白： 1947 年休会期间，即他的第一个任期刚开始半年，这位年轻的国会议员前往英国看望他最喜欢的妹妹凯瑟琳。
"Kick," as the family called her, was the Kennedy most like Jack: independent, rebellious, full of fun.
家人对她的称呼是“基克”，她是肯尼迪最像的杰克：独立、叛逆、充满乐趣。
During the visit Jack collapsed.
在访问期间，杰克崩溃了。
The diagnosis was grim: a malfunctioning of the adrenal glands called Addison's disease.
诊断结果很严峻：一种称为艾迪生氏病的肾上腺功能障碍。
A doctor in London gave him a year to live.
伦敦的一位医生预计他还有一年的生命。
He crossed the Atlantic in a ship's hospital.
他在船上的医院里横渡大西洋。
The family told reporters waiting at the dock that Jack was suffering from a flare-up of malaria he'd contracted in the South Pacific.
杰克的家人告诉在码头等候的记者，杰克在南太平洋感染了疟疾。
The good news was, Joe Kennedy could afford the latest medicine -- and there was a new treatment for Addison's, a potent cortisone-based steroid.
好消息是，乔·肯尼迪可以负担得起最新的药物——而且有一种治疗艾迪生氏症的新疗法，一种基于可的松的强效类固醇。
It got him out of his death-bed and bought him time.
这让他从临终的床上醒来，并为他赢得了时间。
He told one friend he hoped for maybe 10 more years.
他告诉一位朋友，他希望还能再等十年。
Eight months later, as he was beginning to regain his strength, 28-year-old Kathleen died in a plane crash.
八个月后，当他开始恢复体力时，28 岁的凯瑟琳在一次飞机失事中丧生。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jack was devastated.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：杰克彻底崩溃了。
He'd loved Kick.
他很喜欢基克。
It was the first time in his life really, and maybe the only time, where he didn't know what to do.
这是他一生中第一次，也许也是唯一一次，他不知道该怎么办。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : It did make him a fatalist.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：这确实使他成为了一个宿命论者。
He sent the signals of a kind of person who suspected that his time on earth was limited, and that he had to make the most of it.
他发出了这样一种信号：他怀疑自己在地球上的时间是有限的，他必须充分利用它。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : He's lost a brother.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：他失去了一个兄弟。
He's lost his sister Kick.
他失去了妹妹基克。
He himself has been near death.
他自己也已经濒临死亡。
There is a sense of mortality that lurks in there but also drives him, that he's got to accomplish something before he dies, that life is finite.
有一种死亡感潜伏在那里，但也驱使着他，他必须在死前完成一些事情，生命是有限的。
Narrator: : In his second and third terms in Congress, John Kennedy seemed like a new man: a man in a hurry, always on the lookout for ways to distinguish himself.
旁白：在国会的第二个和第三个任期中，约翰·肯尼迪看起来就像一个新人：一个匆忙的人，总是在寻找让自己脱颖而出的方法。
He exploited his experience in foreign affairs and defense policy: got himself invited to Senate hearings as an expert witness on the military readiness of our European allies; criticized President Harry Truman for inadequate civil defense preparations in the wake of the Russians' first successful atom bomb test.
他利用自己在外交事务和国防政策方面的经验：作为专家证人受邀参加参议院听证会，了解我们欧洲盟友的军事准备情况；在俄罗斯首次成功进行原子弹试验后，批评杜鲁门总统的民防准备不足。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : What interested him was the question of the rising tensions with the Soviet Union, with the civil war in China, with what was happening in Greece and Turkey, and how Harry Truman was responding to the dangers flowing out of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：他感兴趣的是与苏联日益紧张的关系、中国的内战、希腊和土耳其发生的事情，以及哈里·杜鲁门如何应对从苏联和东欧流出的危险。
David Nasaw, Historian: : One of the great advantages of having a very rich father who's willing to spend whatever his sons ask for is that you can go on your own fact-finding missions.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：有一个非常富有的父亲，他愿意为儿子们花任何钱，其最大的优势之一就是你可以继续自己的事实调查任务。
You can travel the world.
你可以环游世界。
And Jack does that twice in 1951.
1951 年，杰克就这样做了两次。
He talks to the journalists and the military men.
他与记者和军人交谈。
He talks to world leaders and he talks to the opposition.
他与世界领导人交谈，也与反对派交谈。
Narrator: : For seven weeks, the young Congressman traveled through Israel, Iran, Pakistan, India, Singapore, Thailand, French Indo-china, Korea and Japan.
旁白：这位年轻的国会议员在七周的时间里走遍了以色列、伊朗、巴基斯坦、印度、新加坡、泰国、法属印度支那、韩国和日本。
He returned home with a new insight: the United States was making few new friends in those places, and losing old ones.
他回国后有了新的认识：美国在这些地方几乎没有结交新朋友，而且失去了老朋友。
And Jack Kennedy went on national radio and television to deliver the message.
杰克·肯尼迪在国家广播电台和电视台上传达了这一信息。
Announcer (Meet the Press, archival): : Meet the Press!
播音员（会见媒体，档案）： ：会见媒体！
Our guest of the afternoon will be Congressman John F.
我们下午的嘉宾是国会议员约翰·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy of Boston.
波士顿的肯尼迪。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (Meet the Press, archival): : Well we've tied ourselves completely with the French and after all the natives are anxious.
肯尼迪（会见新闻界，档案）：：好吧，我们已经完全与法国人联系在一起了，毕竟当地人都很焦虑。
You can never defeat the Communist movement in Indo-China until you get the support of the natives and you won't get the support of the natives as long as they feel the French are fighting the Communists in order to hold their own power there, and I think we shouldn't give them...
除非你得到当地人的支持，否则你永远无法击败印度支那的共产主义运动，只要他们觉得法国人正在与共产党人作战，以便在那里保持自己的权力，你就不会得到当地人的支持，我认为我们不应该给他们......
David Nasaw, Historian: : Joe Kennedy had been invited to be on Meet the Press early on.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：乔·肯尼迪很早就受邀参加会见媒体节目。
He said, "No, I don't want to do it, but why don't you invite my son?" At the time no junior Congressman had ever been on.
他说：“不，我不想这么做，但是你为什么不邀请我的儿子呢？”当时还没有初级国会议员参加过会议。
Only the biggest of the biggest stars in Washington were on Meet the Press .
只有华盛顿最大牌的明星才参加《与媒体见面》节目。
But Jack went on.
但杰克继续说道。
Lawrence Spivak (Meet the Press, archival): : Mr. Kennedy, when I was in Boston last week I heard a good deal of talk about you.
劳伦斯·斯皮瓦克（会见媒体，档案）：：肯尼迪先生，上周我在波士顿时，听到了很多关于您的谈论。
Many who thought that you would be the Democratic nominee for the Senate this year against Henry Cabot Lodge.
许多人认为您将成为今年参议院的民主党候选人，对手是亨利·卡伯特·洛奇。
Are you going to run?
你要跑吗？
David Nasaw, Historian: : When Jack told his friends and his colleagues, "I'm going to run for the Senate against Henry Cabot Lodge," they were unanimous in saying: Don't do it.
历史学家大卫·纳索：：当杰克告诉他的朋友和同事“我要竞选参议员，与亨利·卡伯特·洛奇竞争”时，他们一致表示：不要这样做。
Nobody can beat a Lodge in Massachusetts.
没有人能打败马萨诸塞州的旅馆。
And Lodge is as handsome as you are, speaks as well, is as rich, and is a war hero.
洛奇和你一样英俊，一样会说话，一样富有，而且是一个战争英雄。
Don't even try.
甚至不要尝试。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : This is a very storied family.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：这是一个非常传奇的家族。
As the old saying went up in Boston, where the Lodges speak only to Cabots, and the Cabots speak only to God.
正如波士顿流传着的一句老话，洛奇们只对卡博特说话，而卡博特一家只对上帝说话。
And so, can he defeat this Republican?
那么，他能打败这个共和党人吗？
And especially in 1952, it's a Republican year.
尤其是 1952 年，是共和党年。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : His closest advisors told him, "Don't do it.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)，历史学家：：他最亲密的顾问告诉他，“不要这样做。
This isn't your time.
这不是你的时间。
Maybe you should run -- think about running for governor of Massachusetts." No, no, no. He wanted to run for Senate.
也许你应该竞选——考虑竞选马萨诸塞州州长。”不，不，不。他想竞选参议员。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : This is a great state with a great past and I believe an even greater future.
肯尼迪（档案）：：这是一个伟大的国家，有着伟大的过去，我相信会有更美好的未来。
If elected to the United States Senate, with all of my energies and all of my resources I will fight to secure that future for the people of this state and for the future of our country...
如果当选为美国参议院议员，我将尽我所有的精力和资源，为这个州人民和我们国家的未来而奋斗……
oh shit...
哦，妈的……
And I know that it is not a one-way street...
我知道这不是一条单行道......
Narrator: : Whether 34-year-old John Kennedy was ready or not was an open question in the spring of 1952.
旁白：：1952 年春天，34 岁的约翰·肯尼迪是否准备好还是一个悬而未决的问题。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : And if elected to the Senate of the United States this November I will fight for the New England industry, which is so vital...
肯尼迪（档案）：如果今年 11 月当选美国参议院，我将为新英格兰工业而奋斗，这非常重要......
Uh, can you cut that?
呃，你能剪掉它吗？
Narrator: : An uphill race against Henry Cabot Lodge was just the sort of challenge the Kennedys liked.
旁白：：与亨利·卡伯特·洛奇进行一场艰苦的比赛正是肯尼迪家族喜欢的挑战。
"Run Jack," was the word at the family compound.
“快跑，杰克”是家里的口号。
"You'll knock his block off."
“你会把他的街区撞掉。”
The most gleeful warrior in the clan was Jack's younger brother: 26 years old, barely out of law school, hungry to prove himself.
部落中最高兴的战士是杰克的弟弟：26 岁，刚刚从法学院毕业，渴望证明自己。
Jack took a chance on brother Bobby, and put him in charge of the campaign.
杰克抓住了兄弟鲍比的机会，让他负责竞选活动。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Bobby Kennedy had always wanted a role in the family, and he found one.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），编剧：鲍比·肯尼迪一直想在家庭中扮演一个角色，他找到了一个。
He was the tough guy.
他是个硬汉。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He does not mince words.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：：他毫不拐弯抹角。
He's someone who is intent on winning this office for his brother, and if it means stepping on toes, hurting people's feelings, so be it.
他是一个一心想为他的兄弟赢得这个职位的人，如果这意味着踩到脚趾，伤害人们的感情，那就这样吧。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Bobby was able to come in and discipline the old hacks who were hanging around the campaign office, tell them to get off their duffs and go out and knock on a few doors, get rid of the ones who were truly useless.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：鲍比能够进来并惩罚那些在竞选办公室周围徘徊的老黑客，告诉他们别再胡闹了，出去敲几扇门，摆脱那些真正无用的人。
He passed around old Joe's money, put down the politicians they wanted to get rid of, made the deals that had to be made.
他传递了老乔的钱，镇压了他们想要除掉的政客，做了必须做的交易。
Bobby's doing all the hard work, the dirty work, and it's liberating to Jack.
鲍比正在做所有艰苦的工作，肮脏的工作，这对杰克来说是一种解放。
Jack was able to float up there, quoting poetry and being a sort of young Lancelot.
杰克能够漂浮在那里，引用诗歌并成为年轻的兰斯洛特。
Narrator: : The Kennedy campaign was not shy to exploit the special appeal of the young Congressman -- the young bachelor Congressman.
旁白：肯尼迪竞选团队并不羞于利用年轻国会议员——年轻的单身汉国会议员的特殊吸引力。
His mother, his sisters, even Bobby's bride, Ethel, fanned out into parlors across Massachusetts, to sell Jack to a rising new bloc of voters.
他的母亲、他的姐妹们，甚至鲍比的新娘埃塞尔，都散布到马萨诸塞州各地的客厅，将杰克卖给正在崛起的新选民群体。
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : Women were not so involved as they are today, of course.
吉恩·肯尼迪·史密斯修女：当然，当时女性并不像今天这样积极参与。
And I think they were very struck by the fact that we were wandering around, trying to get them to get out and vote and get their friends to vote.
我认为他们对我们到处闲逛，试图让他们出去投票并让他们的朋友投票这一事实感到非常震惊。
Jack came at the end and gave a very good speech.
杰克最后来了，发表了非常精彩的演讲。
And people were very interested in him because they knew he was a hero, and he was young, and so they were very interested in how he did all this, and what he looked like and everything.
人们对他非常感兴趣，因为他们知道他是英雄，而且他很年轻，所以他们对他如何做到这一切、他的样子以及一切都很感兴趣。
He was a very easy candidate to sell, because he was good-looking, he had enormous charm, he had a great sense of humor.
他是一个很容易被推销的候选人，因为他长得好看，他有巨大的魅力，他很有幽默感。
I mean, he was a real star.
我的意思是，他是一个真正的明星。
Narrator: : The polls showed Jack trailing the incumbent Senator as Election Day neared, but he was working hard to close the gap.
旁白：：随着选举日的临近，民调显示杰克落后于现任参议员，但他正在努力缩小差距。
The demand of campaigning statewide -- the distances traveled across the rough Massachusetts highways -- was punishing, especially on Jack.
全州范围内竞选的要求——穿越马萨诸塞州崎岖高速公路的距离——是一种惩罚，尤其是对杰克来说。
"His mental courage is so much superior to his physical strength," Joe Kennedy wrote.
“他的精神勇气远胜于他的体力，”乔·肯尼迪写道。
"I sometimes wonder what the final result will be." Joe had another fear about his son's health: if Jack's Addison's disease became public, it could cost him the race, maybe even his political future.
“有时候我想知道最后的结果会是什么。”乔对儿子的健康还有另一个担忧：如果杰克艾迪生病被公开，他可能会失去竞选机会，甚至可能失去政治前途。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Jack was losing weight.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：杰克正在减肥。
But the Kennedys said, "Well, it's just the campaign." Jack Kennedy always had a suntan.
但肯尼迪家族说：“好吧，这只是竞选活动。”杰克·肯尼迪总是晒黑皮肤。
Well, they said, "Well, he's out and he's getting a suntan." Actually, that was from his treatment, cortisone treatments for Addison's, that darkened his skin.
好吧，他们说：“好吧，他出去了，他正在晒黑。”事实上，这是由于他的治疗，艾迪生的可的松治疗，使他的皮肤变黑了。
They covered all that up.
他们掩盖了这一切。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : A man who focuses on the word "vigor" in his public and private conversations must have in mind a sense of vitality, human vitality, as an ideal.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)： 一个在公开和私人谈话中关注“活力”一词的人，必须将活力感、人类活力作为一种理想。
Imagine the distance between the reality of his own physical troubles and his ideal of the vigorous, vital leader.
想象一下他自己的身体问题的现实与他理想中的充满活力、充满活力的领导者之间的距离。
Such a smart man would know this distance and understand the gap between reality of his own physical being, and the image he wanted to project.
这样一个聪明的人会知道这个距离，并了解他自己的身体现实与他想要投射的形象之间的差距。
Narrator: : Jack kept working down to the wire.
旁白：：杰克一直工作到最后。
He still started his day earlier than his opponent, traveled more miles, campaigned later into the night.
他仍然比对手更早开始新的一天，行驶了更多英里，竞选到深夜。
He would not allow himself to lose for lack of effort.
他不允许自己因为不努力而失败。
Newscast (archival audio): : In Senate races, Representative John F.
新闻广播（档案音频）：：在参议院竞选中，众议员约翰·F.
Kennedy scores one of the few major Democratic victories, decisively defeating in a tough battle the Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
肯尼迪取得了民主党为数不多的重大胜利之一，在一场艰苦的战斗中决定性地击败了共和党现任总统小亨利·卡伯特·洛奇。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well, I guess you're glad it's over, aren't you Bobby?
肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，我猜你很高兴一切都结束了，不是吗，鲍比？
Narrator: : They were beginning to be seen together around town soon after he entered the Senate in 1953, two dazzling stars in Washington's normally dull firmament.
旁白：：1953 年他进入参议院后不久，人们就开始在城里看到他们在一起，就像华盛顿平时沉闷的天空中的两颗耀眼的星星。
Jack Kennedy was 35 years old, the most sought-after bachelor in the capital.
杰克·肯尼迪今年 35 岁，是首都最受欢迎的单身汉。
Jacqueline Bouvier was a shy 23-year-old beauty, the belle of Manhattan, Easthampton and Newport.
杰奎琳·布维尔 (Jacqueline Bouvier) 是一位 23 岁的害羞美女，是曼哈顿、东汉普顿和纽波特的美女。
The couple had met at a dinner party two years earlier and had been warily circling one another ever since.
这对夫妇是在两年前的一次晚宴上认识的，从那时起，他们就一直小心翼翼地打量着彼此。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : She was engaged when she met him, and she broke it off very quickly.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：当她遇见他时，她已经订婚了，但她很快就解除了婚约。
She wrote in her diary that she had an intimation that Jack would have a profound and possibly disturbing effect on her life.
她在日记中写道，她有一种暗示，杰克将对她的生活产生深远且可能令人不安的影响。
But he was worth it.
但他是值得的。
She once said to her sister that to her, imagination was the most important thing she wanted to find in a man, and she said that's very difficult to find.
她曾经对姐姐说，对她来说，想象力是她想在男人身上找到的最重要的东西，而她说这很难找到。
From his standpoint, she was very different from the women that he'd known, which were primarily his own sisters.
从他的角度来看，她与他所认识的女人非常不同，这些女人主要是他自己的姐妹。
Eunice and Pat and Jean were what one of his friends said "tawny, coltish women." They were energetic and they were athletic and they were outspoken.
尤妮斯、帕特和琼是他的一位朋友所说的“黄褐色、轻率的女人”。他们精力充沛，运动能力强，而且直言不讳。
Jackie, by contrast, was cerebral and soft-spoken and they both had a kind of dry and sly wit.
相比之下，杰基很理智，说话轻声细语，他们都有一种冷酷而狡猾的机智。
Narrator: : The romance was carried out largely in the public eye, and when Jackie agreed to marry the Senator in the summer of 1953, the press was invited to share the joy.
旁白：这段恋情主要是在公众视野下进行的，当杰基同意在 1953 年夏天与参议员结婚时，媒体被邀请分享喜悦。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : They were so beautiful.
莎莉·比德尔·史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：它们是如此美丽。
They were so young.
他们太年轻了。
She was very stylish.
她非常时尚。
Somebody in the New York Times wrote that she made the world safe for brunettes again.
《纽约时报》上有人写道，她再次让黑发女人的世界变得安全。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jackie was smart, gorgeous, and although she had not been born into a political family, she knew precisely what to say.
历史学家大卫·纳索：：杰姬聪明、美丽，虽然她不是出生在政治世家，但她清楚地知道该说什么。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jack's closest friend, Lem Billings, actually warned her before they were married that she was going to be marrying a man who was known for his womanizing, and that it was unlikely that he would stop.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：杰克最亲密的朋友莱姆·比林斯（Lem Billings）实际上在结婚前警告她，她将嫁给一个以好色而闻名的男人，而且他不太可能停止。
And she later said that instead of being put off by what Billings said, she actually viewed it as kind of a challenge.
她后来说，她并没有因为比林斯所说的话而被推迟，而是实际上将其视为一种挑战。
Narrator: : "After the first year, Jackie was wandering around looking like the survivor of an airplane crash," a friend later remembered.
旁白：“第一年后，杰基四处游荡，看上去就像一场飞机失事的幸存者，”一位朋友后来回忆道。
Her new husband did not go out of his way to hide his dalliances from her.
她的新丈夫并没有特意向她隐瞒自己的调情。
Jack Kennedy treated this as a matter of personal liberty, and betrayed little guilt.
杰克·肯尼迪将此视为个人自由问题，并没有表现出任何愧疚。
"He had this thing about him," said the man who introduced the Kennedys, "which was not under control."
“他身上有一种特质，”介绍肯尼迪家族的人说，“这是无法控制的。”
And it wasn't just his womanizing that stunned Jackie.
令杰基震惊的不仅仅是他的好色之徒。
"Politics was sort of my enemy," she confided.
“政治在某种程度上是我的敌人，”她吐露道。
"We had no home life whatsoever."
“我们没有任何家庭生活。”
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow, CBS News (archival): : Let's go and meet the newlyweds.
默罗，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）：：我们去见见这对新婚夫妇吧。
Are you there, Senator?
参议员，你在吗？
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow, CBS News (archival): : I understand that the two of you had a very much publicized...
默罗，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）：：据我所知，你们两个有过一场广为人知的……
Narrator: : Whatever her misgivings, Jackie Kennedy had married a politician, and she dutifully accepted her role.
旁白：无论她有什么疑虑，杰基·肯尼迪都嫁给了一位政客，她尽职尽责地接受了自己的角色。
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow, CBS News (archival): : And you first met the Senator when you interviewed him?
默罗，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）：：您是在采访这位参议员时第一次见到他的吗？
Jacqueline Kennedy (archival): : Well, I interviewed him shortly after I met him.
杰奎琳·肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，我在见到他后不久就采访了他。
Edward R.
爱德华·R。
Murrow, CBS News (archival): : Well now, which requires the most diplomacy?
默罗，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）： 那么，现在哪一个最需要外交手段？
To interview senators or to be married to one?
采访参议员还是与参议员结婚？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Being married to one, I guess [laughs]...
肯尼迪（档案）：：我想，我已经和一个人结婚了（笑）……
Narrator: : Over on Capitol Hill, however, the Kennedys' star power had less appeal.
旁白：然而，在国会山，肯尼迪家族的明星影响力却没有那么大的吸引力。
The young Senator's way of being set Democratic leader Lyndon Johnson's teeth to grinding.
这位年轻参议员的行事方式让民主党领袖林登·约翰逊感到恼火。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : Johnson looked at Jack as a person who picked and chose what he would like to do in the Senate.
休伯特·汉弗莱：约翰逊认为杰克是一个会挑选自己想在参议院做什么的人。
And the picking and choosing wasn't Johnson's idea of how the Senate ran, nor was it the idea of the other southern moguls who were in charge.
参议院的运作方式并不是约翰逊的想法，也不是其他负责的南方大亨的想法。
Kennedy was the troubadour who came and played before the banquet and left before the dishwashing began.
肯尼迪是一位游吟诗人，他在宴会前来演奏，在洗碗开始前离开。
And I think Lyndon talked about him in exactly those terms.
我认为林登正是用这些术语来谈论他的。
Robert Caro, Writer: : Johnson says Kennedy was pathetic as a Congressman and Senator.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：约翰逊说肯尼迪作为国会议员和参议员是可悲的。
He didn't know how to address the chair, by which he meant he didn't even know the rules.
他不知道如何称呼主席，这意味着他甚至不知道规则。
Narrator: : What irked Johnson was that he couldn't depend on the man.
旁白：：令约翰逊烦恼的是他不能依赖这个人。
Kennedy was often absent; he ducked the controversial censure vote on Joe McCarthy.
肯尼迪经常缺席。他回避了对乔·麦卡锡有争议的谴责投票。
And Kennedy's insistence on independence was maddening for the Majority Leader.
肯尼迪对独立的坚持让多数党领袖抓狂。
Whether it was civil rights or labor legislation, Johnson couldn't count on the Democrat from Massachusetts to vote the party line.
无论是民权还是劳工立法，约翰逊都不能指望来自马萨诸塞州的民主党人会投票支持党派路线。
Lyndon Johnson could be cutting about Kennedy in front of fellow Senators -- said he looked like a victim of rickets, and joked about his puny little ankles.
林登·约翰逊可能会在其他参议员面前谈论肯尼迪——说他看起来像佝偻病的受害者，还拿他纤细的小脚踝开玩笑。
What Johnson didn't see, was how tough Jack Kennedy had to be just to get out of bed in the morning.
约翰逊没有看到的是，杰克·肯尼迪必须多么坚强才能在早上起床。
By 1954, the drug he took to control his Addison's disease was eating away at his spine.
到了 1954 年，他服用的用于控制阿迪森氏病的药物正在侵蚀他的脊柱。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : It came to a point that in order for him to walk from his office to the Senate floor, he had to move across a marble floor, and it was so hard on his back, he needed crutches to allow him to put one foot in front of another, without excruciating pain.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)： 到了这样的地步，为了让他从办公室走到参议院楼层，他必须穿过大理石地板，这对他的背来说非常困难，他需要拐杖才能让他把一只脚放在另一只脚前面，而不会感到剧痛。
And so what he decides to do is to have surgery, even though it is a danger to his life.
因此，他决定做手术，尽管这会危及他的生命。
Robert Caro, Writer: : It requires the fusing of two large sections of the spine and a steel plate inserted there.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），编剧：：它需要将脊柱的两大部分融合在一起，并在其中插入一块钢板。
What makes it risky is that he has Addison's disease.
危险的是他患有阿迪森氏病。
And Addison's disease leads to infections often during surgery.
艾迪生氏病经常在手术期间导致感染。
David Nasaw, Historian: : His father pleads with him: Don't do this operation.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：他的父亲恳求他：不要做这个手术。
And he holds out the example of Roosevelt.
他举了罗斯福的例子。
He said: "Roosevelt was President and he was in a wheelchair.
他说：“罗斯福是总统，他坐在轮椅上。
You can do it."
你可以做到的。”
Robert Caro, Writer: : Jack said to him, "I'd rather be dead than be in a wheelchair or hobbling around on crutches, in pain the rest of my life."
罗伯特·卡罗，编剧：杰克对他说：“我宁愿死，也不愿坐在轮椅上或拄着拐杖一瘸一拐地走来走去，在痛苦中度过余生。”
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jack goes ahead with the operation.
历史学家大卫·纳索：：杰克继续进行手术。
Hours afterwards, an infection develops.
数小时后，出现感染。
Fever spikes.
发烧。
Last rites are performed.
举行最后的仪式。
Jack pulls out, and Joe has him flown to Palm Beach.
杰克退出，乔让他飞往棕榈滩。
Narrator: : He would suffer a series of setbacks in Florida.
旁白：：他在佛罗里达遭受了一系列的挫折。
The eight inch incision on his back would not close; he developed an abscess, needed a second surgery.
他背上的八英寸切口无法闭合；他出现了脓肿，需要进行第二次手术。
The convalescence dragged on into 1955.
康复期一直持续到1955年。
David Nasaw, Historian: : Joe watches over him, hires his doctors, his nurses, converts a large part of their Palm Beach house to a nursing facility, and encourages Jack.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：乔照顾他，雇用他的医生和护士，将他们棕榈滩房子的很大一部分改造成护理设施，并鼓励杰克。
Narrator: : The Kennedys told reporters that Jack's back problems were a result of war injuries; they did not disclose his ongoing need of steroids, or his Addison's disease.
旁白：：肯尼迪家族告诉记者，杰克的背部问题是由于战争受伤造成的；他们没有透露他持续需要类固醇，也没有透露他患有阿迪森氏病。
Jack, meanwhile, began work on a second book, a series of essays about United States Senators who had risked their political careers bucking convention and party for a greater purpose.
与此同时，杰克开始写第二本书，这是一系列关于美国参议员的文章，他们冒着政治生涯的风险，为了更大的目标而违背公约和政党。
With the help of Library of Congress research files, Kennedy, his speechwriter Ted Sorensen, and a handful of Senate staffers produced Profiles in Courage .
在国会图书馆研究档案的帮助下，肯尼迪、他的演讲撰稿人泰德·索伦森以及一些参议院工作人员制作了《勇气档案》。
David Nasaw, Historian: : For seven, eight months, Jack recuperates.
历史学家大卫·纳索：：杰克康复了七、八个月。
And only after a lengthy period is he able to return to the Senate.
只有在很长一段时间之后，他才能够重返参议院。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well I'm glad to be back here and have a chance to take part in what's going on.
肯尼迪（档案）：我很高兴回到这里并有机会参与正在发生的事情。
I'm sure my wife is too.
我确信我的妻子也是。
David Nasaw, Historian: : He returns in pain.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：他带着痛苦归来。
And he will remain in pain for the rest of his life.
而他的余生也将永远处于痛苦之中。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : It is now my privilege to present to this convention, as a candidate for President of the United States, the name of a man uniquely qualified by virtue of his compassion, his conscience, and his courage...
肯尼迪（档案音频）：现在，我很荣幸能够以美国总统候选人的身份向这次大会介绍一个凭借同情心、良心和勇气而独一无二的人的名字……
Narrator: : The 1956 Democratic presidential nominee, Adlai Stevenson, gave his party's youngest senator a starring role at the convention: the official nominating speech.
旁白：1956 年民主党总统候选人阿德莱·史蒂文森 (Adlai Stevenson) 在大会上让党内最年轻的参议员担任主角：正式提名演讲。
And his performance helped ignite a Kennedy-for-Vice President boom.
他的表现点燃了肯尼迪竞选副总统的热潮。
Reporter (archival): : How would you like to be Vice President with him?
记者（档案）：：你想和他一起当副总统吗？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well, I'd be honored, of course, if chosen, but I've always had my doubts whether I'd even be chosen.
肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，如果被选中，我当然会感到荣幸，但我一直怀疑自己是否会被选中。
Narrator: : He wasn't sure he even wanted a place on the ticket -- Joe Kennedy had counseled him to steer clear -- but Stevenson threw the choice to a floor vote, and Jack Kennedy had a hard time backing down from a challenge -- even against the better-known and esteemed Senator, Estes Kefauver.
旁白：他甚至不确定自己是否想要在选票上占有一席之地——乔·肯尼迪曾建议他避开——但史蒂文森将这一选择交给了全体投票，杰克·肯尼迪很难从挑战中退缩——即使是面对更知名、受人尊敬的参议员埃斯蒂斯·凯福弗。
Jack Kennedy liked his chances, and he liked the feeling on the convention floor: the delegates took his candidacy seriously.
杰克·肯尼迪喜欢他的机会，他喜欢会议场地上的感觉：代表们认真对待他的候选资格。
Robert Caro, Writer: : This whole thing lasted like 24 hours, before the vice-presidential balloting.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：在副总统投票之前，整个事情持续了大约 24 小时。
And Kennedy makes a real try for it.
肯尼迪为此做出了真正的尝试。
Lyndon Johnson (archival audio): : Texas proudly casts its vote for the fighting sailor who wears the scars of battle, and that very senator -- the next Vice President of the United States -- John Kennedy of Massachusetts.
林登·约翰逊（档案音频）：：得克萨斯州自豪地把票投给了这位带着战斗伤痕的战斗水手，以及这位参议员——美国下一任副总统——马萨诸塞州的约翰·肯尼迪。
Robert Caro, Writer: : For a moment, it seemed actually like he's going to win.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），编剧： 有一瞬间，他似乎真的要赢了。
But Kefauver beats him.
但凯福弗击败了他。
He has to make a concession speech to Kefauver.
他必须向凯福弗发表败选演讲。
When he gets up there, he's facing a sea of Kefauver signs.
当他到达那里时，他面对着一大堆 Kefauver 标志。
They're all waving in his face.
他们都在他面前挥手。
And you look at Kennedy, who's always immaculate.
你看看肯尼迪，他总是完美无缺。
At this moment he is not immaculate.
此时此刻，他还不是完美无缺的。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Ladies and gentlemen.
肯尼迪（档案）：：女士们、先生们。
Ladies and gentlemen of this convention.
出席本次大会的女士们、先生们。
Robert Caro, Writer: : In fact, one point of the collar of his shirt is sticking out.
作家罗伯特·卡罗：事实上，他衬衫领子的一点是突出的。
And as he's talking, if you watch his hands, he has the gavel in his hands and he restlessly he turns it around.
当他说话的时候，如果你注意他的手，你会发现他手里拿着木槌，他不安地转动着木槌。
You saw a young man in defeat, and you also see someone who covers it up so well.
你看到了一个失败的年轻人，你也看到了一个隐藏得很好的人。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I hope that this convention will make Estes Kefauver's nomination unanimous.
肯尼迪（档案）：：我希望这次大会能够使埃斯蒂斯·凯福弗的提名获得一致通过。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : Jack was very depressed, very upset.
珍·肯尼迪·史密斯修女：杰克非常沮丧，非常沮丧。
And Bobby was there.
鲍比也在场。
And he couldn't cheer him up.
而他却无法让他高兴起来。
And he said, "Let's call Dad." So I remember when we all went to call Dad, and he said, "Congratulations!" he said to Jack.
他说：“我们给爸爸打电话吧。”所以我记得当我们都去给爸爸打电话时，他说：“恭喜！”他对杰克说。
"That's the best thing that ever happened to you.
“这是发生在你身上最好的事情。
That was magnificent.
那真是太棒了。
I don't know how you did that.
我不知道你是怎么做到的。
Was absolutely great." He said, "Adlai Stevenson is going nowhere." He said, "He's going nowhere, and that's -- Kefauver's going nowhere.
绝对是太棒了。”他说：“阿德莱·史蒂文森哪儿也去不了。”他说：“他哪儿也去不了，那就是——凯福弗哪儿也去不了。
So you've just pulled it off, and I can't tell you how wonderful that was." And Jack came out beaming, beaming.
所以你刚刚成功了，我无法告诉你那有多美妙。”杰克满面笑容地走了出来。
Narrator: : Joe Kennedy knew what he was talking about.
旁白：：乔·肯尼迪知道他在说什么。
Stevenson lost big to Eisenhower, which made the Governor a two-time loser, and left the Democratic nomination wide open next time 'round.
史蒂文森惨败给艾森豪威尔，这使这位州长两度落败，并为下一轮民主党提名留下了很大的空间。
Jack Kennedy understood the obstacles to winning the presidency in 1960 and they were not small.
杰克·肯尼迪 (Jack Kennedy) 深知赢得 1960 年总统职位的障碍并不小。
He was younger than anybody ever elected to the office.
他比任何当选该职位的人都年轻。
He had few legislative achievements to run on.
他几乎没有什么立法成就可以继续下去。
And, then too, there was his religion.
此外，还有他的宗教信仰。
In 1957, a quarter of the electorate still said they were unwilling to vote for a Catholic for President.
1957年，四分之一的选民仍然表示他们不愿意投票给天主教徒当总统。
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : There was a fear across the land that Catholics would be controlled by the Pope, that they couldn't think on their own, and therefore they weren't really really Americans in the way that Protestants were.
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森德（侄女）：全国各地都担心天主教徒会受到教皇的控制，担心他们无法独立思考，因此他们不像新教徒那样是真正的美国人。
Narrator: : Some in the party argued the country would change in time, that he was still a young man, that he could wait it out.
旁白：：党内一些人认为国家会及时改变，他仍然是一个年轻人，他可以等待。
Jack Kennedy thought otherwise.
杰克·肯尼迪却不这么认为。
His star turn at the 1956 convention meant he would be taken seriously in 1960.
他在 1956 年大会上的明星转变意味着他将在 1960 年受到认真对待。
He was not going to let this moment pass.
他不会让这一刻过去。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : And I want to be sure that we haven't lost something important in this country, that we haven't gone soft...
肯尼迪（档案）：我想确保我们没有在这个国家失去一些重要的东西，我们没有变得软弱......
Narrator: : He had campaigned across the country for Stevenson in '56.
旁白：：56 年，他曾在全国范围内为史蒂文森竞选。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival) : ....that we just look to our own private interests...
肯尼迪（档案）：……我们只考虑自己的私人利益……
Let us cut the budget and let us save on foreign aid.
让我们削减预算并节省外援。
Narrator: : And with his speechwriter Ted Sorensen riding shotgun he just kept going in 1957.
旁白：：1957 年，他和他的演讲撰稿人特德·索伦森 (Ted Sorensen) 一起继续前进。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : The reason the Communists attack us is because they know when the United States fails, the cause of freedom fails.
肯尼迪（档案）：共产党人之所以攻击我们，是因为他们知道，当美国失败时，自由事业就会失败。
Narrator: : There were county chairmen to meet in every state, delegates to woo.
旁白：：各州都有县长开会，代表们拉拢。
Jackie was pregnant most of that year, and nervously so.
那一年的大部分时间杰基都怀孕了，而且很紧张。
She'd already had one miscarriage, and delivered a stillborn daughter.
她已经流产过一次，生下一个死产的女儿。
But her husband rarely stopped traveling.
但她的丈夫很少停止旅行。
When Kennedy's new back specialist went to Palm Beach for a consultation, she, too, got the program.
当肯尼迪的新背部专家去棕榈滩咨询时，她也得到了这个项目。
Robert Caro, Writer: : She comes down and there's this huge map of the United States, where his father and he are plotting out, you know, his next trips.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），编剧：：她下来后看到了一张巨大的美国地图，他和他的父亲正在那里规划他的下一次旅行。
He's traveling all around the United States, trying to make contact with politicians.
他正在美国各地旅行，试图与政界人士取得联系。
And she says, "Well, you know, to do this you need periods of rest." And he says, "Well, there's no time for rest." And she says, "Well, you have to change the schedule." And he said, "The schedule will not be changed."
她说：“嗯，你知道，要做到这一点，你需要休息一段时间。”他说：“好吧，没有时间休息。”她说：“好吧，你必须改变日程。”他说：“日程不会改变。”
Narrator: : When he was in Washington, Kennedy was always on the lookout for ways to take a stand apart from the other would-be Presidents in the Senate -- Stuart Symington, Hubert Humphrey, and above all, the majority leader, Lyndon Johnson.
旁白：当肯尼迪在华盛顿时，他总是在寻找与参议院其他未来总统——斯图尔特·赛明顿、休伯特·汉弗莱，尤其是多数党领袖林登·约翰逊——区别开来的方法。
Kenneth Harper (archival): : This is a strike-breaking, union-busting bill, in my opinion.
肯尼思·哈珀（Kenneth Harper）（档案）：在我看来，这是一项破坏罢工、破坏工会的法案。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Mr. Harper, this bill is not a strike-breaking, union-busing bill.
肯尼迪（档案）：哈珀先生，该法案不是一项破坏罢工、滥用工会的法案。
You're the best argument I know for it, your testimony here this afternoon, your complete indifference to the fact...
你是我所知道的最好的论据，你今天下午在这里的证词，你对事实完全漠不关心......
Narrator: : He dabbled in domestic issues where he saw opportunity, like in the nationally televised hearings into racketeering in the labor unions.
旁白：他涉足国内问题，在那里他看到了机会，比如在全国电视直播的工会敲诈勒索听证会上。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : ...
肯尼迪（档案）：：...
might tend to incriminate them.
可能会导致他们有罪。
Your complete indifference to it, i think makes this bill essential..."
我认为你对此完全漠不关心，使得这项法案变得至关重要……”
Narrator: : His chief interest, and his focus, remained foreign affairs.
旁白：：他的主要兴趣和重点仍然是外交事务。
His father even managed to talk Lyndon Johnson into giving Jack a coveted slot on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
他的父亲甚至设法说服林登·约翰逊让杰克在参议院外交关系委员会获得一个令人垂涎的职位。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : When Kennedy said that he would become chairman of the African subcommittee in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he sort of got a commitment that it would never have to meet.
休伯特·汉弗莱：当肯尼迪表示他将成为参议院外交关系委员会非洲小组委员会的主席时，他就得到了一个永远不必履行的承诺。
And Johnson thought that was typical of the kind of committee that Kennedy would like to run.
约翰逊认为这是肯尼迪希望管理的那种典型委员会。
Reporter (archival): : Scenes like this are taking place daily all over Algeria, as French colonial troops round up natives by the thousands, in a desperate attempt to halt the guerrilla reign of terror that has spread the length and breadth of the colony.
记者（档案）：这样的场景每天都在阿尔及利亚各地上演，法国殖民军队围捕了数千名当地人，拼命试图制止遍布整个殖民地的游击队恐怖统治。
Sixty thousand...
六万...
Narrator: : The bloody escalation of the three-year-old war for independence in Algeria gave Senator Kennedy a shot at the spotlight, and one that played to his long-held interest in foreign policy.
旁白：阿尔及利亚持续三年的独立战争的血腥升级让肯尼迪参议员有机会成为众人瞩目的焦点，这也激发了他长期以来对外交政策的兴趣。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He identifies himself with a kind of anti-colonial posture, with the idea that the United States is locked in a contest with the Soviet Union for hearts and minds in the Third World, in the developing world, in Africa, in Asia, in Latin America.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：他认为自己采取了一种反殖民姿态，认为美国正在与苏联争夺第三世界、发展中国家、非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的民心。
And he sees Algeria as the case study of the time.
他将阿尔及利亚视为当时的研究案例。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I am concerned today that we are failing to meet the challenge of imperialism on both counts, both East and West, and thus failing in our responsibilities to the free world and to ourselves.
肯尼迪（档案）：我今天担心的是，我们未能应对帝国主义在东方和西方两个方面的挑战，从而未能履行我们对自由世界和我们自己的责任。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : What Kennedy was saying was: We know that French imperialism is going to die out.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：肯尼迪所说的是：我们知道法国帝国主义即将消亡。
The question is: Are we going to be on the right side or the wrong side of history?
问题是：我们会站在历史正确的一边还是错误的一边？
If we make a choice now, we can help shape the outcome.
如果我们现在做出选择，我们就可以帮助塑造结果。
If we align ourselves with Paris until the bitter end, the new generation of leaders in Algeria will remember that and won't talk to us.
如果我们与巴黎保持一致直到最后，阿尔及利亚的新一代领导人就会记住这一点，并且不会与我们交谈。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I am introducing a resolution, which I believe outlines the best hopes for peace and a settlement in Algeria...
肯尼迪（档案）：我正在提出一项决议，我认为该决议概述了阿尔及利亚和平与解决的最佳希望......
Harris Wofford, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: : Dean Acheson, the former Secretary of State, came out saying this speech was "the irresponsible utterings of a juvenile Senator," because it was throwing aside our alliance with Portugal and France and England, in support of Africa and Asia, etc.
美国民权委员会哈里斯·沃福德：前国务卿迪安·艾奇逊出面称这次演讲是“一位少年参议员的不负责任的言论”，因为它抛弃了我们与葡萄牙、法国和英国的联盟，转而支持非洲和亚洲等。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : France was a NATO ally of ours in Europe.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：法国是我们在欧洲的北约盟友。
Were we going to abandon our ally for the sake of a group of revolutionaries who might turn out to be Communists?
我们是否要为了一群可能成为共产主义者的革命者而放弃我们的盟友？
Kennedy said yeah, you take that chance, because you want to vote with the future, not with the past.
肯尼迪说，是的，你要抓住这个机会，因为你想为未来而不是过去投票。
TV Host (archival): : Senator, what do you feel is the single most critical issue facing the Congress at this time?
电视主持人（档案）：参议员，您认为国会目前面临的最关键的问题是什么？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well, I think it's the same issue which has been facing us for 10 years, and that's our relations with the Soviet Union and this question of war and peace and also the question of whether the uncommitted countries, the Middle East, Africa and Asia, will move to the Communist bloc or our own, and turn the balance of power for us or against us.
肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，我认为这也是我们十年来一直面临的问题，那就是我们与苏联的关系以及战争与和平的问题，以及未做出承诺的国家，中东、非洲和亚洲，是否会转向共产主义集团或我们自己的集团，并扭转力量平衡的问题，有利于我们还是反对我们。
And that's obviously the most important issue of the day and will be during, I think, our lifetime.
这显然是当今最重要的问题，我认为这将是我们一生中最重要的问题。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : When Sputnik went up by the Russians the surprise could not have been greater.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：当俄罗斯人发射人造卫星时，我们感到无比惊讶。
How did they get ahead of us?
他们怎么跑到我们前面了？
The Russians claimed they invented everything: the car, the plane, penicillin, whatever it was.
俄罗斯人声称他们发明了一切：汽车、飞机、青霉素，无论是什么。
The Russians would always say, "Oh no, we had that first." This, they had first, and they had proved it.
俄罗斯人总是说：“哦，不，我们先有了这个。”他们首先做到了这一点，并且已经证明了这一点。
Narrator: : The October 1957 launch of Sputnik , a 184-pound, beach-ball sized satellite, spurred an instant jump in Cold War hysteria, and not without reason.
旁白：1957 年 10 月，人造卫星（Sputnik）的发射，一颗 184 磅重、沙滩球大小的卫星，立即激起了冷战时期的歇斯底里，这并非没有原因。
If the Soviets were able launch a satellite into space, could they also reach the U.S. with nuclear-armed missiles?
如果苏联能够将卫星发射到太空，他们是否也可以用核导弹到达美国？
U.S. Air Force bombers went on 24-hour alert.
美国空军轰炸机24小时处于戒备状态。
The Eisenhower administration began sending extra planes into Soviet airspace, just to remind Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev who had the upper hand in bombers.
艾森豪威尔政府开始向苏联领空派遣更多飞机，只是为了提醒苏联总理赫鲁晓夫谁在轰炸机方面占据上风。
When President Eisenhower pursued more -- and more potent -- nuclear warheads for the U.S. arsenal, the Soviets answered.
当艾森豪威尔总统为美国军火库寻求更多、更强大的核弹头时，苏联做出了回应。
Six in 10 Americans believed nuclear war was imminent, and would be catastrophic.
十分之六的美国人认为核战争迫在眉睫，并且将是灾难性的。
Kennedy appeared unruffled by the rising dangers of the Cold War; he increased his travel schedule, running harder, state to state, the list of delegates who had supported his Vice Presidential candidacy tucked in his pocket.
肯尼迪似乎对冷战日益加剧的危险泰然处之。他增加了旅行日程，更加努力地从一个州跑到另一个州，支持他副总统候选人的代表名单就装在他的口袋里。
Robert Caro, Writer: : Jack Kennedy could learn on the run.
罗伯特·卡罗，作家：：杰克·肯尼迪可以在奔跑中学习。
So he's traveling around the country, and he's seeing that politics is changing.
所以他在全国各地旅行，他看到政治正在发生变化。
He's learning that the power isn't back in Washington anymore; the power is with these younger people in the states, if he can just line them up for him.
他了解到权力不再回到华盛顿；权力已经回到华盛顿。力量就在这些州的年轻人手中，只要他能为他排好队。
He's learning that the old party machinery doesn't work.
他了解到旧的政党机制已经不起作用了。
David Nasaw, Historian: : He knows that he's got the money to mount an independent campaign; that he's got the charisma, without the help of any party bigwigs or any party establishment, to get his photo in on the cover of Time and the Saturday Evening Post and Look .
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：他知道他有钱发起独立运动；他拥有超凡魅力，无需任何政党大人物或任何政党机构的帮助，就能将自己的照片登上《时代》杂志、《周六晚邮报》和《Look》的封面。
He begins a change in American politics that is quite significant.
他开始对美国政治进行一场意义重大的变革。
He signals the beginning of a move from party dominance and party candidates to the individual, to the personality, who can speak to the people not through the party but through television and the mass media directly.
他标志着从政党主导和政党候选人转向个人、个人的转变，个人可以不通过政党，而是通过电视和大众媒体直接向人民讲话。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : It's a pleasure to have you here, and I want you to meet my daughter Caroline, and my wife Jackie.
肯尼迪（档案）：：很高兴您来到这里，我希望您能认识一下我的女儿卡罗琳和我的妻子杰基。
Narrator: : Joe Kennedy was nudging every editor he knew in 1959: You want to sell magazines?
旁白： 1959 年，乔·肯尼迪正在催促他认识的每一位编辑：你们想卖杂志吗？
Put Jack and Jackie on your cover.
把杰克和杰基放在你的封面上。
Jackie Kennedy chafed at the requirement of public display, but when the photographers showed up on the Kennedy doorstep, she did not disappoint.
杰基·肯尼迪对公开展示的要求感到恼火，但当摄影师出现在肯尼迪家门口时，她并没有失望。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : It used to drive Humphrey nuts, because he said, "Every time I go into the supermarket to go shopping for Muriel, I see Redbook or I see Good Housekeeping or I see Saturday Evening Post all with the Kennedys smiling at me on the cover."
休伯特·汉弗莱：这曾经让汉弗莱抓狂，因为他说，“每次我去超市为穆里尔购物时，我都会看到《红皮书》、《好管家》或《周六晚邮报》，封面上都是肯尼迪家族对我微笑的照片。”
William H.
威廉·H.
Lawrence, Journalist (archival): : Senator, when are you going to drop this public pretense of non-candidacy and frankly admit that you already are seeking the Democratic presidential nomination of 1960?
记者劳伦斯（档案）：参议员，您什么时候才会放弃这种不参加竞选的公开假装，并坦率地承认您已经在寻求 1960 年民主党总统提名？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well, Mr. Lawrence, I think there's an appropriate time for anyone to make a decision and a final announcement as to whether he's going to be a candidate...
肯尼迪（档案）：劳伦斯先生，我认为现在是任何人做出决定并最终宣布他是否会成为候选人的适当时机......
John Seigenthaler: : Journalist: It seemed to me that there was a sort of perpetual half-smile on his face.
约翰·席根塔勒：记者：在我看来，他的脸上永远挂着半微笑。
There was a sense of joy about what he was doing, that he loved what he was doing.
他对自己所做的事情有一种喜悦感，他热爱自己所做的事情。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He's only 43 years old.
历史学家 Robert Dallek：：他只有 43 岁。
And a woman says to him, "Young man, it's too soon." And he says, "No, ma'am.
一个女人对他说：“年轻人，现在还太早了。”他说：“不，女士。
This is my time."
这是我的时间。”
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I am today announcing my candidacy for the Presidency of the United States.
肯尼迪（档案）：：我今天宣布竞选美国总统。
The Presidency is the most powerful office in the free world.
总统职位是自由世界中最有权势的职位。
Through its leadership can come a more vital life for all of our people...
通过它的领导可以为我们所有人带来更加充满活力的生活......
Narrator: : Kennedy officially announced his candidacy in January of 1960.
旁白：：1960 年 1 月，肯尼迪正式宣布参选。
Political odds-makers put his chances well below Senators Symington, Humphrey and Johnson.
政治赔率制定者认为他的机会远低于参议员赛明顿、汉弗莱和约翰逊。
And if the old rules applied, Kennedy was surely in trouble.
如果旧规则适用，肯尼迪肯定有麻烦了。
The well-worn path to the Democratic presidential nomination went through the state party chairmen and the big city bosses, who still thought they could keep their delegations in line.
通往民主党总统提名的老套路是通过州党主席和大城市的老板，他们仍然认为他们可以让自己的代表团保持一致。
But Kennedy already had a handful of key players in every state, and a way to show himself a winner: the primaries.
但肯尼迪已经在每个州都有了一些关键人物，并且有一种向自己展示胜利者的方式：初选。
The handful of state primaries were regarded as side events before 1960 -- fine for junior senators like Jack Kennedy, but not worthy of serious candidates.
1960 年之前，为数不多的几场州初选被视为次要活动——对于像杰克·肯尼迪这样的资历较浅的参议员来说还好，但对于认真的候选人来说就不值得了。
Lyndon Johnson sat them out that year.
那一年，林登·约翰逊（Lyndon Johnson）将他们排除在外。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : Johnson stayed in the Senate, stayed as majority leader, told everybody else who was leaving town that they should be ashamed of themselves and they should be back legislating, not speaking.
休伯特·汉弗莱：约翰逊留在参议院，继续担任多数党领袖，告诉所有离开城镇的人，他们应该为自己感到羞耻，他们应该回来立法，而不是发言。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Johnson's supposition is that he's earned the nomination by dint of his role as Senate majority leader, he has very good relations with various party bosses across the country, and that Jack Kennedy is an upstart.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：约翰逊的假设是，他凭借参议院多数党领袖的角色赢得了提名，他与全国各地的各党领袖都有很好的关系，而杰克·肯尼迪是一个暴发户。
"Who is this kid who's trying to displace me and take the nomination?
“这个试图取代我并获得提名的孩子是谁？
I deserve it."
我应得的。”
Hubert Humphrey (archival): : Nice to see you.
休伯特·汉弗莱（档案）：：很高兴见到你。
I'm Senator Humphrey, just stopping by to say hello...
我是汉弗莱参议员，只是过来打个招呼……
Narrator: : The most important early primary was in Wisconsin, where Kennedy had a real opponent: the popular Senator from neighboring Minnesota, Hubert Humphrey.
旁白：最重要的早期初选是在威斯康星州，肯尼迪在那里有一个真正的对手：来自邻国明尼苏达州的受欢迎的参议员休伯特·汉弗莱。
Hubert Humphrey (archival): : Say, that's just what I need for my campaign, can I have that?
休伯特·汉弗莱（档案）： ：请问，这正是我的竞选活动所需要的，可以给我吗？
I'm running short!
我快没钱了！
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : You should realize that you are voting for the most important individual in the entire free world...
肯尼迪（档案）：：你应该意识到你正在投票给整个自由世界中最重要的个人......
Narrator: : He cast Humphrey as the establishment candidate, and ran against the party bosses.
旁白：：他选择汉弗莱作为建制派候选人，并与党魁进行竞选。
And he cast himself, as the underdog, in spite of a huge advantage in money and television exposure, and having celebrity backers like Frank Sinatra.
尽管他在金钱和电视曝光度方面拥有巨大优势，并且有弗兰克·辛纳屈(Frank Sinatra)这样的名人支持，但他还是把自己定位为失败者。
Frank Sinatra, singing (archival audio): : K-e-double n-e-d-y.
弗兰克·辛纳屈 (Frank Sinatra)，演唱（档案音频）：：K-e-double n-e-d-y。
Jack's the nation's favorite guy.
杰克是全国最受欢迎的人。
Everyone wants to back Jack.
每个人都想支持杰克。
Jack is on the right track.
杰克走在正确的道路上。
Come on and vote for Kennedy, vote for Kennedy.
来吧，投票给肯尼迪，投票给肯尼迪。
He'll keep America strong.
他将使美国保持强大。
Kennedy, he just keeps rolling a-, Kennedy, he just keeps rolling a-, Kennedy, he just keeps rolling along!
肯尼迪，他一直在滚动，肯尼迪，他一直在滚动，肯尼迪，他一直在滚动！
Vote for Kennedy!
投票给肯尼迪吧！
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well, as all election nights are it's a very interesting evening.
肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，正如所有选举之夜一样，这是一个非常有趣的夜晚。
Narrator: : He knew on Election Day he was going to win, but as the results came in and his margin was narrower than he'd expected, Kennedy began to understand there would be a caveat: the party elders could argue that his victory in Wisconsin owed to his overwhelming margin in the state's large bloc of big-city Catholic voters -- as if his religion had been an unfair advantage.
旁白：他知道自己会在选举日获胜，但随着选举结果出来，他的优势比他预期的要窄，肯尼迪开始意识到需要注意的是：党内元老们可能会辩称，他在威斯康星州的胜利归功于他在该州大量大城市天主教选民中的压倒性优势——就好像他的宗教信仰是一种不公平的优势一样。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He understands, this is not enough.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：他明白，这还不够。
If he's going to win that nomination, he has to convince people in the Democratic Party and around the country that he can win Protestant votes, that he's more than just a Catholic candidate.
如果他要赢得提名，他必须让民主党和全国各地的人们相信他可以赢得新教选票，他不仅仅是一名天主教候选人。
His sister, after the victory in Wisconsin, says to him, "Well, what does it mean?" He says, "It means we've got to go on to West Virginia." West Virginia is a state with 97% Protestant population.
在威斯康星州获胜后，他的妹妹对他说：“嗯，这意味着什么？”他说：“这意味着我们必须继续前往西弗吉尼亚州。”西弗吉尼亚州是一个 97% 人口信奉新教的州。
Narrator: : Humphrey started with a 20-point lead in West Virginia and the backing of the state's popular senator, Robert Byrd.
旁白：：汉弗莱一开始就在西弗吉尼亚州领先 20 个百分点，并得到了该州颇受欢迎的参议员罗伯特·伯德 (Robert Byrd) 的支持。
He also got a new campaign theme song, the none-too-subtle anti-Catholic dog-whistle, "Give Me That Old Time Religion." The Kennedys answered in kind.
他还获得了一首新的竞选主题曲，即毫不隐晦的反天主教狗哨曲“给我古老的宗教”。肯尼迪家族也做出了同样的回应。
Joe blanketed the state with money, buying the support of crucial local bosses.
乔向整个州投入巨资，收买当地重要老板的支持。
Bobby recruited Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., to allege that Humphrey had shirked his military duty in World War II.
鲍比招募了小富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福，指控汉弗莱在第二次世界大战中逃避军事职责。
Humphrey (archival): : Jack Kennedy and I served in the United States Navy for five years...
汉弗莱（档案）：：杰克·肯尼迪和我在美国海军服役了五年......
Robert Dallek, Historian: : And John Kennedy then dismisses this as a terrible thing to have been said about Hubert.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：约翰·肯尼迪随后认为这是关于休伯特的可怕言论。
And he keeps going around the state saying, "It's a terrible thing to say that Hubert's a draft dodger, a terrible thing," until it fastened itself on people's minds that Hubert maybe was a draft dodger.
他不断地在全州各地说，“说休伯特是一个逃避选秀的人是一件可怕的事情，一件可怕的事情”，直到人们牢牢记住休伯特可能是一个逃避选秀的人。
Narrator: : Kennedy left West Virginia on May 11th, 1960, with a win.
旁白：1960 年 5 月 11 日，肯尼迪带着胜利离开西弗吉尼亚州。
He got in his private plane, outfitted to carry staff and press -- a first in presidential campaigns -- and flew off to primaries in Maryland and then Oregon, to pile up more delegates to take to the nominating convention that July.
他坐上私人飞机，配备工作人员和媒体——这是总统竞选中的第一次——飞往马里兰州和俄勒冈州的初选，聚集更多代表参加那年七月的提名大会。
Robert Caro, Writer: : Jack Kennedy is going around the country.
罗伯特·卡罗，作家：：杰克·肯尼迪正在全国各地旅行。
He's showing the country what he is: this charming, incredible, adept campaigner.
他正在向全国展示他的本质：这位迷人、令人难以置信、娴熟的活动家。
The New York Times says, "The calliope sound of a bandwagon is being heard in the Democratic Party." All of a sudden Lyndon Johnson wakes up.
《纽约时报》称，“民主党内正在听到风车的风吹草动的声音”。林登·约翰逊突然醒来。
John Steele, Journalist, Time magazine (archival): : Senator Jack Kennedy of Massachusetts has won every primary in which he's entered.
约翰·斯蒂尔，《时代》杂志记者（档案）：：马萨诸塞州参议员杰克·肯尼迪赢得了他参加的每一次初选。
He's won them in a breeze.
他轻而易举地赢得了他们。
Does this entitle him...
这是否有资格让他...
Lyndon Johnson, Senate Majority Leader (archival): : Well Mr. Kennedy is a very effective and able young man.
林登·约翰逊，参议院多数党领袖（档案）： 肯尼迪先生是一位非常高效、能干的年轻人。
John Steele, Journalist, Time magazine (archival): : Let me finish my question.
约翰·斯蒂尔，《时代》杂志记者（档案）：：让我完成我的问题。
Does this entitle him to the Democratic presidential nomination?
这是否使他有资格获得民主党总统提名？
Lyndon Johnson, Senate Majority Leader (archival): : Well I wouldn't think that we would want to nominate our president on the basis of what four states or five states or six states or eight states might say in a limited primary system where only a few people participate...
林登·约翰逊，参议院多数党领袖（档案）：：嗯，我不认为我们会希望根据四个州或五个州或六个州或八个州在只有少数人参与的有限初选系统中可能会说的话来提名我们的总统......
Narrator: : By the time he got around to announcing his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination, just a week before the party convention in Los Angeles, Johnson needed a miracle.
旁白：：当约翰逊宣布参选民主党总统提名时，就在洛杉矶党代会召开前一周，他需要一个奇迹。
So he pulled out his last best hope: he sent a private investigator to dig up Kennedy's health records.
于是，他抱出了最后的希望：他派了一名私家侦探去挖掘肯尼迪的健康记录。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : They get to the Democratic convention in Los Angeles, and Johnson unleashes his aide, a man named John Connally, and Connally issued a story about Kennedy's Addison's disease, raising the question of whether Kennedy is physically capable of serving as president.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：他们到达洛杉矶举行的民主党大会，约翰逊释放了他的助手约翰·康纳利，康纳利发表了一篇关于肯尼迪艾迪生病的故事，提出了肯尼迪身体是否有能力担任总统的问题。
Narrator: : That Jack Kennedy suffered from Addison's disease was a fact beyond dispute, but the Kennedys disputed it.
旁白：：杰克·肯尼迪患有艾迪生氏病是无可争议的事实，但肯尼迪家族对此提出了异议。
"John F.
“约翰·F.
Kennedy does not now nor has he ever had an ailment described classically as Addison's disease," Bobby claimed.
肯尼迪现在没有，也从来没有患过经典的艾迪生氏病，”鲍比声称。
The Addison's story didn't stick, but Johnson kept fighting anyway; he still couldn't believe Jack Kennedy, of all people, could take the nomination away from him.
艾迪生的故事并没有流传下来，但约翰逊还是继续战斗。他仍然不敢相信杰克·肯尼迪能够在所有人中夺走他的提名。
Lyndon Johnson, Senate Majority Leader (archival): : For six days and nights we had 24-hour sessions.
林登·约翰逊，参议院多数党领袖（档案）：：我们进行了六天六夜的 24 小时会议。
Six days and nights I had to deliver a quorum of 51 men, on a moment's notice, to keep the Senate in session and to get any bill a'tall.
在六天六夜的时间里，我必须在接到通知后立即派出法定人数 51 人，以保证参议院开会并推动任何法案的通过。
I'm proud to tell you, that on those 50 quorum calls, Lyndon Johnson answered every one of 'em.
我很自豪地告诉您，林登·约翰逊 (Lyndon Johnson) 接听了这 50 个法定人数电话中的每一个。
Although some men who would be president, on a civil rights platform, answered none.
尽管一些即将成为总统的人在民权平台上没有回答。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Let me just say I appreciate what Senator Johnson had to say.
肯尼迪（档案）：我只想说我很欣赏约翰逊参议员所说的话。
He made some general references to, perhaps the shortcomings of other presidential candidates, but as he was not specific, I assume he was talking about some of the other candidates and not about me.
他笼统地提到了其他总统候选人的缺点，但由于他没有具体说明，我认为他是在谈论其他一些候选人，而不是我。
Narrator: : Kennedy parried Johnson with the grace of a sure winner.
旁白：：肯尼迪以必胜者的风度招架了约翰逊。
Bobby, meanwhile, was working the phones, keeping a white-knuckle grip on his brother's committed delegates.
与此同时，鲍比正在打电话，紧张地控制着他兄弟忠诚的代表。
He knew Johnson operatives were still trying to peel them away.
他知道约翰逊的特工仍在试图将它们剥离。
California delegate (archival): : California casts seven and one half votes for Johnson, 33 and one half votes for Kennedy.
加州代表（档案）： ：加州将 7 票半选票投给约翰逊，33 票半选票投给肯尼迪。
John Seigenthaler, Journalist : The Kennedy campaign thought they had every hole plugged, and were aware that if something came unplugged, they wanted to be on top of it immediately.
约翰·西根塔勒（John Seigenthaler），记者：肯尼迪竞选团队认为他们已经堵住了所有漏洞，并且意识到如果有什么东西被拔掉，他们希望立即采取行动。
Delegate (archival): : Senator Kennedy, 104 and a half votes...
代表（档案）：：肯尼迪参议员，104 票半......
Delegate (archival): : Wyoming's vote will make majority for Senator Kennedy.
代表（档案）：：怀俄明州的投票将为肯尼迪参议员赢得多数票。
Delegate (archival): : "The motion is that the rules be suspended and that John F.
代表（档案）：：“该动议是暂停规则，并且约翰·F·肯尼迪 (John F.
Kennedy be nominated for President of the United States by acclimation!"
肯尼迪被提名为美国总统！”
Robert Caro, Writer: : The next morning at 6:30, the phone rings in Bobby Kennedy's suite.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），编剧： ：第二天早上 6:30，鲍比·肯尼迪套房里的电话响起。
It's his brother.
这是他的兄弟。
He says, "Count up how many votes we have if we take the Northeast, the eastern states, plus Texas." Bobby Kennedy calls in two of his top advisors, Ken O'Donnell and Pierre Salinger.
他说：“算一下，如果我们拿下东北部、东部各州，再加上德克萨斯州，我们有多少票。”鲍比·肯尼迪请来了他的两位高级顾问肯·奥唐纳和皮埃尔·塞林格。
He says to them, "Count up these votes, plus Texas." Salinger, as he recalls, says, "You're not thinking of nominating Lyndon Johnson.
他对他们说：“统计一下这些选票，加上德克萨斯州。”塞林格回忆道，“你没有考虑提名林登·约翰逊。
You can't do that!"
你不能这么做！”
Narrator: : Kennedy knew how Johnson talked about him: "Little Johnny," or "Sonny Boy," "heard his pediatricians have given him a clean bill of health." And he knew his brother Bobby despised Johnson.
旁白：：肯尼迪知道约翰逊如何谈论他：“小约翰尼”或“桑尼男孩”“听说他的儿科医生给了他健康证明”。他知道他的兄弟鲍比鄙视约翰逊。
But hatred was one of the few luxuries Kennedy could not afford -- not in picking a running mate.
但仇恨是肯尼迪无法承受的少数奢侈之一——尤其是在选择竞选伙伴时。
The numbers said he needed to win Texas to win the presidency, and there was one man who could deliver the state.
数据显示，他需要赢得德克萨斯州才能赢得总统职位，而且只有一个人可以拯救该州。
Harris Wofford, Campaign Aide: : Robert Kennedy tried to stop it.
竞选助手哈里斯·沃福德：罗伯特·肯尼迪试图阻止它。
He went down to try to persuade Johnson not to accept it, that the opposition to him was too great.
他下去试图劝说约翰逊不要接受，因为反对他的声音太大了。
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : I remember how haggard Bobby looked, Johnson obviously had told him that he didn't want to speak to his brother's spokesman, he wanted to speak to his brother.
休伯特·汉弗莱：我记得鲍比看起来多么憔悴，约翰逊显然告诉他，他不想和他兄弟的发言人说话，他想和他的兄弟说话。
If Jack had anything to say, he can call me.
如果杰克有什么话要说，他可以给我打电话。
Here's my phone number.
这是我的电话号码。
Walter Cronkite, CBS News (archival): : Senator Kennedy announced his choice is Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson of the state of Texas, the Senate majority leader, and his foremost rival for the presidential nomination...
沃尔特·克朗凯特，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）：：肯尼迪参议员宣布他的选择是德克萨斯州参议员林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊，他是参议院多数党领袖，也是他总统提名的首要竞争对手......
Thomas Hughes, Aide to Sen.
托马斯·休斯，参议员助手。
Hubert Humphery: : There are many compartments in Jack's mind.
休伯特·汉弗莱：杰克的头脑中有很多隔间。
I think the main one was that he wanted to win.
我认为最主要的是他想赢。
News announcer (archival audio): :And there is the presidential candidate.
新闻播音员（档案音频）：：还有总统候选人。
The senator John Kennedy of Massachusetts.
马萨诸塞州参议员约翰·肯尼迪。
As he comes out of The Biltmore Hotel we come to his car.
当他从比特摩尔酒店出来时，我们来到他的车旁。
This morotcade will drive the three miles out here to the colleseum...
这个莫罗特卡德将开车三英里到这里的大学......
Narrator: : John F.
旁白：：约翰·F.
Kennedy had never lost an election, and now, against all odds, at age 43, he was just one win away from the Presidency.
肯尼迪从未输过一次选举，现在，尽管困难重重，43 岁的他距离总统宝座仅差一场胜利。
He was confident he could get there.
他有信心自己能到达那里。
What the American voters craved, Kennedy had come to understand, was a good story.
肯尼迪逐渐明白，美国选民渴望的是一个好故事。
And the set piece Kennedy would campaign on in the general election had it all: good versus evil; freedom versus slavery; a youthful paladin -- that would be himself -- and his powerful antagonist -- the Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, who proved the perfect foil in 1960.
肯尼迪在大选中的竞选主题包含了一切：正义与邪恶；正义与邪恶；正义与邪恶；正义与邪恶。自由与奴役；一位年轻的圣骑士——那就是他自己——和他强大的对手——苏联总理尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫，后者在 1960 年被证明是完美的陪衬。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : For the world is changing.
肯尼迪（档案）：：世界正在发生变化。
The old era is ending.
旧时代即将结束。
The old ways will not do.
旧方法行不通。
Abroad the balance of power is shifting.
在国外，权力平衡正在发生变化。
New and more terrible weapons are coming into use.
新的、更可怕的武器正在投入使用。
One third of the world may be free, but one third is the victim of a cruel repression, and the other third is racked by poverty and hunger and disease.
世界上三分之一的人可能是自由的，但三分之一是残酷镇压的受害者，另外三分之一则饱受贫困、饥饿和疾病的折磨。
Communist influence has penetrated into Asia.
共产主义的影响力已经渗透到亚洲。
It stands in the Middle East and now festers some 90 miles off the coast of Florida.
它位于中东，现在距佛罗里达海岸约 90 英里处溃烂。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Khrushchev had come to the United States and the United Nations sessions in September of 1960, banged the shoe on the desk, and said, "We will bury you." We are grinding out missiles like sausages.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：1960 年 9 月，赫鲁晓夫来到美国和联合国开会，他把鞋子敲在桌子上，说道：“我们会埋葬你。”我们正在像磨香肠一样磨出导弹。
So there was a heightened sense of competition.
因此，竞争意识更加强烈。
And this appealed to Kennedy's competitive spirit.
这激发了肯尼迪的竞争精神。
Richard Nixon, Vice President (archival): : And I say we can't afford to have the White House as a training ground for an inexperienced man.
理查德·尼克松，副总统（档案）： 我想说，我们不能让白宫成为缺乏经验的人的训练场。
Narrator: : Kennedy was certain he could show himself the better man in a race against the sitting Vice President, Richard Nixon.
旁白：：肯尼迪确信他可以在与现任副总统理查德·尼克松的竞争中展示自己更好的人。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I am not satisfied as an American to be second to the Soviet Union in sending a missile to the moon or sending Sputnik around the globe or having the second strongest arms...
肯尼迪（档案）：：作为一个美国人，我不满足于在向月球发射导弹或向全球发射人造卫星或拥有第二强大的武器方面仅次于苏联......
Narrator: : The polls, however, showed a dead heat coming out of the conventions, and Kennedy could not shake free from the mire of religion.
旁白：然而，民意调查显示，大会的结果不相上下，肯尼迪无法摆脱宗教的泥潭。
He watched with increasing ire as Protestant ministers across the country stirred opposition among their parishioners.
当全国各地的新教牧师激起教区居民的反对时，他越来越愤怒。
The Reverend Martin Luther King Sr. said he could not in good conscience vote for a Catholic.
老马丁·路德·金牧师表示，出于良心，他不能投票给天主教徒。
He instructed his flock to vote for Nixon.
他指示他的追随者投票给尼克松。
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : Oh it was very nasty.
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森（Kathleen Kennedy Townsend），侄女：：哦，这非常令人讨厌。
Let's just be blunt about it.
让我们直言不讳吧。
For a while, he didn't really want to have to deal with it.
有一段时间，他真的不想处理这个问题。
He just wanted people to look at him and judge him on his own record.
他只是想让人们看看他并根据他自己的记录来评判他。
But it was getting so virulent and so scary that he then, in the fall campaign, went to Houston and spoke to the ministers, went sort of into the belly of the beast as it were.
但它变得如此恶毒和如此可怕，以至于他在秋季竞选中前往休斯敦并与部长们交谈，可以说是进入了野兽的肚子。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Reverend Meza, Reverend Rock, I'm grateful for your generous invitation to state my views...
肯尼迪（档案）：：梅萨牧师、洛克牧师，我很感谢你们慷慨地邀请我陈述我的观点……
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : His advisors said, "Don't do this.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：：他的顾问说：“不要这样做。
You are just making religion an issue.
你只是让宗教成为一个问题。
You are actually speaking to the bigots.
你实际上是在和偏执者说话。
The bigots want you to remind people that you're a Catholic.
偏执者希望你提醒人们你是天主教徒。
Don't do this!"
别这样做！”
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : So it is apparently necessary for me to state once again -- not what kind of church I believe in, for that should be important only to me -- but what kind of America I believe in.
肯尼迪（档案）：因此，我显然有必要再次声明——不是我相信什么样的教会，因为那只对我来说才重要——而是我相信什么样的美国。
I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute.
我相信美国的政教是绝对分离的。
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : He was making sort of a moral, ethical argument about what it means to be American.
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森（凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森德），侄女：他正在就身为美国人的意义进行某种道德、伦理的论证。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : And this is the kind of America I fought for in the South Pacific and the kind my brother died for in Europe.
肯尼迪（档案）：这就是我在南太平洋为之奋斗的美国，也是我兄弟在欧洲为之牺牲的美国。
No one suggested then that we might have a divided loyalty, that we did not believe in liberty, or that we belonged to a disloyal group that threatened, I quote, "the freedoms for which our forefathers died"...
当时没有人表示我们的忠诚度可能存在分歧，我们不相信自由，或者我们属于一个不忠诚的团体，我引用一下，这个团体威胁“我们的祖先为之而死的自由”……
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : And he said, "We would hate to have a country that millions of people who, on the day they're baptized, are told they can't be president of the United States."
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森德（凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森德），侄女：他说：“我们讨厌这样一个国家：数以百万计的人在受洗的那天就被告知他们不能成为美国总统。”
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : So I want you to know that I'm grateful to you for inviting me tonight.
肯尼迪（档案）：所以我想让你知道，我很感激你今晚邀请我。
I'm sure that I have made no converts to my church, but I do hope that at least my view, which I believe to be the view of my fellow Catholics who hold office, I hope that it may be of some value, in at least assisting you to make a careful judgment.
我确信我没有让任何人皈依我的教会，但我确实希望至少我的观点，我相信这是我在任的天主教徒同胞的观点，我希望它可能有一定的价值，至少可以帮助你做出仔细的判断。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Narrator: : The general election campaign of 1960 featured a new wrinkle: the first ever one-on-one debates between the major party candidates, broadcast live, across the nation.
旁白：1960 年的大选活动出现了新的问题：主要政党候选人之间首次进行一对一的辩论，并在全国范围内现场直播。
David Nasaw, Historian: : In every campaign from '46 on, his father taught Jack how to use the camera as his friend, how to look into the camera, to smile, look charming, but be serious.
David Nasaw，历史学家：：从 46 年开始，在每一次竞选活动中，他的父亲都教杰克如何像朋友一样使用相机，如何看着镜头、微笑、看起来迷人，但要严肃。
It was no accident, no accident at all, that when Jack Kennedy debates Nixon, Nixon, the champion debater, comes off worse because Nixon doesn't know how to look into a camera.
当杰克·肯尼迪与尼克松辩论时，辩论冠军尼克松表现得更糟，因为尼克松不知道如何看着镜头，这绝非偶然，根本不是偶然。
He doesn't know how to connect with an audience.
他不知道如何与观众建立联系。
He looks stiff, sweaty, scared.
他看起来很僵硬，满头大汗，很害怕。
And Jack is totally, absolutely composed.
杰克完全镇定自若。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : This is not to compare what might have been done eight years ago or 10 years ago or 15 years ago or 20 years ago.
肯尼迪（档案）：这并不是要比较八年前、十年前、十五年前或二十年前可能做的事情。
I want to compare what...
我想比较一下什么...
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Nixon was someone who would sweat under the Klieg lights, and his makeup ran, and somebody later said, "He looked like a sinister chipmunk."
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：尼克松是一个在克利格灯下会出汗的人，他的妆容也被弄脏了，后来有人说，“他看起来像一只邪恶的花栗鼠。”
Richard Nixon (archival): : I will concede that in all the areas to which I have referred, Senator...
理查德·尼克松（档案）：：参议员，我承认在我提到的所有领域......
Narrator: : According to opinion polling, the majority of people who listened in on radio thought Nixon won the first debate.
旁白：：根据民意调查，大多数收听广播的人都认为尼克松赢得了第一场辩论。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : ...if we appoint people to ambassadorships and positions in Washington...
肯尼迪（档案）：：……如果我们任命某人担任华盛顿的大使和职务……
Narrator: : Among television viewers, the clear winner was Kennedy.
旁白：：在电视观众中，明显的赢家是肯尼迪。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : ...revolutionary times, then the United States does not maintain its influence.
肯尼迪（档案）：：……革命时代，那么美国就无法维持其影响力。
Narrator: : The split decision in the opening debate was a wake-up call, and through the next three debates -- and every day in between -- Kennedy kept hammering at Eisenhower and Nixon.
旁白：开场辩论中的分歧决定敲响了警钟，在接下来的三场辩论中——以及其间的每一天——肯尼迪不断地抨击艾森豪威尔和尼克松。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Can you imagine if this country elects Dick Nixon Republican President of the United States?
肯尼迪（档案）：您能想象如果这个国家选举迪克·尼克松共和党总统为美国总统吗？
Narrator: : He hit them for allowing Americans to lose their sense of national purpose, for allowing the U.S. economic engine to sputter as compared to the Soviets', for allowing the United States to fall behind the Soviet Union in science and technology, and most dangerously, in nuclear arms -- what Kennedy called the "missile gap."
旁白：：他批评他们让美国人失去国家使命感，让美国的经济引擎与苏联相比表现不佳，让美国在科学技术方面落后于苏联，最危险的是在核武器方面落后于苏联——肯尼迪称之为“导弹差距”。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : If there is any lesson of the summit, it is that the Communists believe that the military balance of power is shifting in their direction...
肯尼迪（档案）：如果说这次峰会有什么教训的话，那就是共产党人相信军事力量平衡正在向他们的方向转变……
Why wasn't the United States able to get an indictment of Castro by name?
为什么美国无法获得对卡斯特罗的点名起诉？
David Nasaw, Historian: : Jack was the representative of the new, young, vibrant generation.
大卫·纳索（David Nasaw），历史学家：：杰克是新的、年轻的、充满活力的一代的代表。
And Jack ran on that theme and ran hard.
杰克以这个主题奔跑，并且努力奔跑。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : The United States looks tired.
肯尼迪（档案）：：美国看起来很累。
It looks like our brightest days have been in the past.
看来我们最辉煌的日子已经过去了。
It looks like the Communists are reaching for the future, and we sit back and talk about the ideals of the American revolution.
看起来共产党人正在走向未来，我们坐下来谈论美国革命的理想。
David Nasaw: : He says, Eisenhower was an old man who wasn't watching over the store anymore.
大卫·纳索：他说，艾森豪威尔是一位老人，不再看管商店了。
And Nixon was his accomplice.
尼克松是他的同谋。
And only this young hero, Jack Kennedy, who knew how to fight and knew how to win, was going to put the United States back in its commanding position again.
只有杰克·肯尼迪这个年轻的英雄，知道如何战斗，知道如何获胜，才能让美国重新回到主导地位。
And there's a direct line between what Jack says in 1960 and what he writes in 1939, Why England Slept -- the only way to deter aggression is to have an impregnable military defense.
杰克在 1960 年所说的话和他在 1939 年所写的《英国为何沉睡》之间有着直接的联系——阻止侵略的唯一方法是拥有坚不可摧的军事防御。
And I'm the one who can build that military, because I'm the new man, the man of the future, the new generation, not an old, tired Republican.
我是能够建立这支军队的人，因为我是新人，未来的人，新一代的人，而不是一个疲惫不堪的老共和党人。
Narrator: : Kennedy opened a comfortable lead in the polls in mid-October, but he was careful not to get swept up in the energy and excitement of his rallies.
旁白：：十月中旬，肯尼迪在民意调查中轻松领先，但他小心翼翼地不被集会的活力和兴奋所淹没。
The Catholic question still worried him, and the issue of Civil Rights demanded cunning political calculation.
天主教问题仍然令他担忧，而民权问题则需要狡猾的政治算计。
He placated white-supremacist Democrats in the South, who insisted on their right to enforce segregation in their own states.
他安抚了南方白人至上主义的民主党人，他们坚持自己有权在自己的州实行种族隔离。
But he also meant to signal his sympathy to the growing number of African American voters -- North and South.
但他也想向越来越多的非裔美国选民——北方和南方——表达同情。
Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference: : At that time, the 1960s, the black community across the South were largely Abraham Lincoln Republicans.
安德鲁·杨（Andrew Young），南方基督教领袖会议：当时，20 世纪 60 年代，南方的黑人社区主要是亚伯拉罕·林肯共和党人。
My parents were Republicans.
我的父母是共和党人。
And I was rather cynical about the Kennedy family, that they didn't know any black people.
我对肯尼迪家族相当愤世嫉俗，因为他们不认识任何黑人。
There was a deep-seated personal suffering that we had known in rural South.
我们在南方农村地区知道有一种根深蒂固的个人痛苦。
But Kennedy didn't know any of that.
但肯尼迪对此一无所知。
Narrator: : Kennedy shadowed Nixon's position on Civil Rights: both candidates talked of promoting equal opportunity for everyone, but neither was willing to pledge federal power to actually enforce court-ordered integration of schools and public accommodations.
旁白：肯尼迪效仿了尼克松在民权问题上的立场：两位候选人都谈到了促进人人机会平等，但两人都不愿意承诺联邦权力来实际执行法院下令的学校和公共设施的整合。
As the campaign headed into its final days, though, Kennedy found a way to separate himself from Nixon.
然而，随着竞选进入最后几天，肯尼迪找到了一种将自己与尼克松分开的方法。
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the nation's most respected civil rights leader, was arrested at a protest in Georgia.
美国最受尊敬的民权领袖马丁·路德·金博士在佐治亚州的一次抗议活动中被捕。
Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference: : They put him in chains and put him in the back of a paddy wagon and drove him 300 miles south to Reidsville Penitentiary in the middle of the night.
安德鲁·杨（Andrew Young），南方基督教领袖会议：：他们把他戴上铁链，放在一辆稻车后面，并在半夜开车送他向南行驶 300 英里，到达里兹维尔监狱。
And nobody knew where he was.
没有人知道他在哪里。
Harris Wofford, Campaign Aide: : Coretta King was six months pregnant, and I had never seen her panic, but she was panicked by this, and called me and said, "I think they're going to kill him," and, you know, "Can't you do anything?"
哈里斯·沃福德（Harris Wofford），竞选助手：科雷塔·金（Coretta King）怀孕六个月了，我从未见过她惊慌失措，但她对此感到惊慌，并打电话给我说，“我认为他们会杀了他，”而且，你知道，“你就不能做点什么吗？”
Narrator: : Kennedy's brother-in-law, Sargent Shriver, went to see if the candidate might be willing to reach out to Dr. King's wife.
旁白：：肯尼迪的姐夫萨金特·施赖弗 (Sargent Shriver) 去看看这位候选人是否愿意与金博士的妻子接触。
Shriver knew the Kennedy political operation wanted no part of a civil rights controversy in the final days of the campaign.
施赖弗知道肯尼迪的政治行动不想在竞选的最后几天卷入民权争议。
Harris Wofford, Campaign Aide: : He said, "You know, you've been trying to figure out what you could do that would help in this situation.
竞选助手哈里斯·沃福德：他说：“你知道，你一直在试图弄清楚在这种情况下你能做些什么来有所帮助。
You can't issue a public statement, but what about calling her and conveying your sympathy?" He said Kennedy thought for a couple minutes, and then a good Kennedy grin, said, "That's a very good idea.
你不能发表公开声明，但是给她打电话表达你的同情怎么样？”他说肯尼迪想了几分钟，然后肯尼迪咧嘴一笑，说道：“这是个好主意。
Do you have her number?"
你有她的电话号码吗？”
On the airplane, Salinger asked Kennedy, what -- "Did you do anything when we were all out?" And he said, "Yeah.
在飞机上，塞林格问肯尼迪，“我们都出去的时候你做了什么吗？”他说：“是的。
I called Mrs. Martin Luther King." And they went wild and Bobby was just livid with anger and fury, and fear that it was going to lose a number of southern states.
我给马丁·路德·金夫人打了电话。”他们变得疯狂，鲍比因愤怒而脸色铁青，担心会失去一些南部各州。
Narrator: : Bobby eventually calmed down, and made a series of discreet phone calls to help free King.
旁白：：鲍比最终平静下来，并谨慎地拨打了一系列电话来帮助释放金。
But Kennedy's team kept most of the maneuvering under wraps, and they did not talk up the call to Coretta to the national press.
但肯尼迪的团队对大部分行动保密，他们没有向全国媒体透露对科雷塔的通话。
They were, however, quick to take advantage when Mrs. King went public about her sympathetic call from Kennedy.
然而，当金夫人公开表示肯尼迪对她表示同情时，他们很快就利用了这一机会。
The campaign printed hundreds of thousands of pamphlets telling the story of Kennedy's kindness to the King family -- and Nixon's silence -- and shipped those pamphlets across the country, many by Greyhound bus, to be distributed at black churches.
该活动印制了数十万份小册子，讲述肯尼迪对金家族的善意以及尼克松的沉默，并将这些小册子运往全国各地，其中许多是通过灰狗巴士在黑人教堂分发。
Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference: : The reaction that got the publicity was Daddy King saying, "I got a whole suitcase full of votes, and I'm going to throw them toward this Kennedy boy.
安德鲁·杨（Andrew Young），南方基督教领袖会议：：引起公众关注的反应是金爸爸说：“我有一整箱选票，我要把它们扔给这个肯尼迪男孩。
I wasn't sure about a Catholic in the White House, but he's won me over."
我不确定白宫里是否有天主教徒，但他赢得了我的支持。”
Singing (archival audio): : Kennedy is showing, that's why Kennedy is going...
唱歌（档案音频）：：肯尼迪正在表演，这就是肯尼迪要去的原因......
Narrator: : In the final push of the campaign, the crowds that came out were the biggest Kennedy had ever seen, but the candidate was spent, and edgy.
旁白：在竞选的最后阶段，出来的人群是肯尼迪所见过的最多的人群，但这位候选人已经筋疲力尽，而且焦躁不安。
He didn't like the feel of the race; on the eve of the election, he was sure Nixon was closing on him.
他不喜欢比赛的感觉；他不喜欢比赛的感觉。在选举前夕，他确信尼克松正在逼近他。
He wanted to fly west for a little extra campaigning.
他想飞往西部进行一些额外的竞选活动。
His advisors insisted there was little left to do, and so Kennedy settled in at the family compound in Hyannis Port to watch the results come in.
他的顾问们坚持认为已经没有什么可做的了，因此肯尼迪在海恩尼斯港的家族大院安顿下来，观看结果。
David Nasaw, Historian: : The house next-door, which was Bobby's house, was set up as campaign headquarters, and all the children's bedrooms were turned into research rooms.
大卫·纳索，历史学家：：隔壁的房子，也就是鲍比的房子，被设置为竞选总部，所有的孩子们的卧室都变成了研究室。
As the returns came in, it was frighteningly close.
当回报进来时，它已经非常接近了。
There was a problem with the Catholic vote, which they had hoped would be 90%, was 80%.
天主教徒的选票出现了问题，他们原本希望获得 90% 的选票，结果却是 80%。
But worse, traditional Democratic votes in Protestant areas, were not coming in Democratic.
但更糟糕的是，新教地区的传统民主党选票并未投向民主党。
Protestants weren't voting for Jack Kennedy.
新教徒没有投票给杰克·肯尼迪。
They were either not voting or they were voting for Nixon.
他们要么不投票，要么投票给尼克松。
David Brinkley, NBC News (archival): : We're trying to settle here, so far without any success, or without enough success, the closest -- one of the closest elections in the history of the United States.
大卫·布林克利 (David Brinkley)，NBC 新闻（档案）：：我们正试图在这里安定下来，但到目前为止，还没有取得任何成功，或者没有足够的成功，这是美国历史上最接近的选举之一。
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : And so we just waited.
珍·肯尼迪·史密斯修女：：所以我们只是等待。
Nobody could eat much.
没有人吃得太多。
And calls were coming in from various states.
各个州都打来电话。
Jack was over at his house.
杰克在他家。
And Bobby would keep in touch with him.
鲍比会和他保持联系。
That's the way it lasted through the night.
就这样度过了整个晚上。
I finally went to bed and it still hadn't been decided.
我终于上床睡觉了，但事情还没有决定。
Narrator: : Kennedy didn't know if he'd won or not when he went to sleep that night; the press was unable to make sense of the vote totals out of Cook County, Illinois.
旁白：：那天晚上肯尼迪睡觉时不知道自己是否获胜；媒体无法了解伊利诺伊州库克县的投票总数。
Lyndon Johnson, Vice Presidential candidate (archival): : We still have some states that are uncertain, but I have my...
林登·约翰逊，副总统候选人（档案）：：我们仍然有一些不确定的州，但我有我的......
Narrator: : Texas was neck-and-neck.
旁白：：德克萨斯州势均力敌。
Nobody could call California.
没有人可以给加利福尼亚打电话。
David Brinkley, NBC News (archival): : So it's 6am in New York and I don't know how long we'll be here.
David Brinkley，NBC 新闻（档案）： 现在是纽约早上 6 点，我不知道我们会在这里待多久。
Nobody's told us yet.
还没人告诉我们。
Chet Huntley, NBC News (archival): : Ray Sherer, NBC's campaign and election reporter, is now standing by at Hyannis, MA.
Chet Huntley，NBC 新闻（档案）：：Ray Sherer，NBC 的竞选和选举记者，目前在马萨诸塞州海恩尼斯待命。
Is Senator Kennedy asleep do you know?
你知道肯尼迪参议员睡着了吗？
Ray Sherer (archival): : He's asleep, Dave, he's gonna rise about 9:15.
Ray Sherer（档案）：：戴夫，他睡着了，他会在 9 点 15 分左右起床。
He got in the sack about 4:30.
4点30分左右，他被困在袋子里。
That'll give him about five hours, and he's gonna check first thing to see if there has been an word from Mr. Nixon and maybe there won't, in which case you fellas will have to stay on the air all day.
这会给他大约五个小时的时间，他会首先检查尼克松先生是否有消息，也许不会，在这种情况下，你们就必须整天呆在广播中。
Narrator: : When he did wake up the next morning, Jack Kennedy was President-elect.
旁白：：第二天早上醒来时，杰克·肯尼迪已当选总统。
He had won the popular vote by less than a quarter of one percent.
他以不到四分之一个百分点的优势赢得了普选。
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : It was very nerve wracking, and then it was done.
珍·肯尼迪·史密斯修女：：这非常令人伤脑筋，然后就完成了。
So we went out and played touch football.
所以我们出去玩触身式橄榄球。
And our father came out, said, "It's time for lunch." And whenever he wanted, he got, immediately.
我们的父亲出来了，说：“该吃午饭了。”只要他想要，他就能立刻得到。
He was a stickler for times.
他有时是一个坚持己见的人。
Jack and I were the last ones to go up.
杰克和我是最后上去的。
And he turned to me and said, "Doesn't he know I'm President of the United States?" And I thought that's a perfect ending to a day.
他转向我说：“他不知道我是美国总统吗？”我认为这就是一天的完美结局。
Narrator: : Kennedy's razor-thin advantages in Illinois, and 10 other states had made the difference in electoral votes.
旁白：：肯尼迪在伊利诺伊州和其他 10 个州的微弱优势导致了选举人票的差异。
His huge margin among black voters helped pull him through in as many as five of those key states.
他在黑人选民中的巨大优势帮助他在多达五个关键州获得了通过。
And the bet on Lyndon Johnson had paid off; the Kennedy-Johnson ticket had carried Texas.
对林登·约翰逊的赌注得到了回报。肯尼迪-约翰逊的选票赢得了德克萨斯州。
John Chancellor, NBC News (archival): : There he is, there he is, the next president of the United States.
约翰·钱斯勒 (John Chancellor)，NBC 新闻（档案）：：他来了，他来了，美国下一任总统。
He always sits in the front seat and incidentally so does Mr. Khrushchev.
他总是坐在前座，顺便说一句，赫鲁晓夫先生也是如此。
These people find you can wave more easily from that point.
这些人发现从那时起你可以更轻松地挥手。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : And I can assure you that every degree of mind and spirit that I possess will be devoted to the long-range interest of the United States and to the cause of freedom around the world.
肯尼迪（档案）：我可以向你们保证，我所拥有的一切思想和精神都将致力于美国的长远利益和全世界的自由事业。
So now my wife and I prepare for a new administration and for a new baby.
所以现在我和妻子正在为新政府和新婴儿做准备。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Narrator: : John F.
旁白：：约翰·F.
Kennedy had spent the campaign of 1960 telling the American people he would be a new kind of President.
肯尼迪在 1960 年的竞选中一直告诉美国人民他将成为一位新型总统。
He'd promised not just dynamism, but strength; he had promised to stand up to the Soviets, and to protect American preeminence in the world.
他承诺的不仅是活力，还有力量；他曾承诺对抗苏联，并保护美国在世界上的领先地位。
His stubborn insistence on being the kind of leader he'd vowed to be would make his presidency among the most energetic, the most far-reaching, the most perilous, and the most tragic in American history.
他顽固地坚持成为他发誓要成为的那种领导人，这将使他的总统任期成为美国历史上最有活力、影响最深远、最危险和最悲惨的总统任期。
Narrator: : The biggest day of John Kennedy's life to date, Inauguration Day, 1961, dawned gray and frigid.
旁白： 1961 年的就职日，是约翰·肯尼迪一生中最重要的一天，黎明时分，天气灰暗而寒冷。
Seven hundred trucks were already out on the streets, clearing eight inches of new-fallen snow from the east front of the Capitol.
七百辆卡车已经驶上街道，清除国会大厦东侧八英寸厚的新雪。
As the skies began to clear, 20,000 spectators crowded in to await Kennedy's arrival, and the news professionals hauled a bouquet of cameras onto a temporary structure rising high above the other on-lookers.
当天空开始放晴时，20,000 名观众蜂拥而至，等待肯尼迪的到来，新闻专业人士将一束摄像机拖到一个高于其他观众的临时建筑上。
Earl Warren, Chief Justice (archival): : Do you John Fitzgerald Kennedy do solemnly swear...
厄尔·沃伦，首席大法官（档案）：：您约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪庄严宣誓吗……
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (arhival): : I John Fitzgerald Kennedy do solemnly swear...
肯尼迪（档案）：：我约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪庄严宣誓……
Earl Warren, Chief Justice (archival): : That you will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United States...
厄尔·沃伦，首席大法官（档案）：：您将忠实地执行美国总统的职责......
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (arhival): : That I will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United States...
肯尼迪（档案）：：我将忠实地履行美国总统的职责......
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : It was bitterly cold, and Kennedy made sure, even though nobody knew he was wearing thermal underwear, he made sure that he would take off his top coat.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：天气非常寒冷，尽管没有人知道他穿着保暖内衣，肯尼迪还是确保脱掉外套。
He could show somebody who was vital and young.
他可以向人们展示一个充满活力和年轻的人。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : When Eisenhower left, at that juncture he was the oldest man in the country's history to have served in the White House.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：：艾森豪威尔离开时，他是美国历史上在白宫任职最年长的人。
Kennedy coming in was the youngest man to ever have been elected.
肯尼迪是有史以来最年轻的当选者。
And so Kennedy wants to underscore that.
因此肯尼迪想强调这一点。
He wants to emphasize the new, the innovative.
他想强调新的、创新的。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (arhival): : Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century ...
肯尼迪（档案）：：让这个消息从这个时间和地点向朋友和敌人传达，火炬已经传递给本世纪出生的新一代美国人......
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Kennedy understood something that is not so obvious, and that is that words are more important than deeds.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：肯尼迪明白一些不那么明显的事情，那就是言语比行动更重要。
You can't govern 300 million people, or 180 million when Kennedy was president, by doing things.
你无法通过做事来管理3亿人，或者肯尼迪担任总统时的1.8亿人。
You can only do it by rhetoric.
你只能通过言辞来做到这一点。
Narrator: : President Kennedy was talking to Americans that day, and to the world.
旁白：：肯尼迪总统那天正在向美国人以及全世界讲话。
He meant to reassure historic allies, and to exalt the virtues of democracy for new governments emerging in Africa, Asia and the Americas.
他的目的是让历史盟友放心，并为非洲、亚洲和美洲新政府宣扬民主的优点。
He also had a direct and pointed message for Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
他还向苏联领导人尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫传达了直接而尖锐的信息。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (arhival): : Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
肯尼迪（档案）：让每个国家都知道，无论它希望我们好还是坏，我们将付出任何代价，承担任何负担，应对任何困难，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人，以确保自由的生存和成功。
Julian Bond: :Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee:There was enormous optimism.
朱利安·邦德：：学生非暴力协调委员会：人们非常乐观。
He was young, personable, attractive.
他年轻、风度翩翩、有吸引力。
He appeared to be friendly and disposed toward people of color.
他看起来很友善，对有色人种也很友好。
And so there's great hopes that new things would happen.
因此，人们对新事物的发生抱有很大的希望。
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : His inaugural speech was how we as a nation are going to be great.
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森（侄女）：他的就职演说是我们作为一个国家将如何变得伟大。
The New Frontier.
新前沿。
He was willing to challenge people.
他愿意挑战人们。
And I think each one of us wants to be challenged.
我认为我们每个人都希望受到挑战。
We want to think that our life has a mission.
我们想要认为我们的生活有一个使命。
And he understood that and reached out to it.
他明白了这一点，并伸出援手。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.
肯尼迪（档案）：所以我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的国家做什么。
Narrator: : The new First Couple glided through a half-dozen ceremonials, including a gala produced by the President's friend, Frank Sinatra showcasing the brilliant sparkle of American celebrity.
旁白：新的第一对夫妇顺利举行了六场仪式，其中包括由总统的朋友弗兰克·西纳特拉（Frank Sinatra）举办的一场晚会，展示了美国名人的辉煌光芒。
Jacqueline Kennedy wore white gowns to almost every event -- her choice.
杰奎琳·肯尼迪几乎在所有活动中都穿着白色礼服——这是她的选择。
Inside the gala, and the balls, among the colorful and garish gowns, Mrs. Kennedy stood apart.
在晚会和舞会上，在色彩缤纷、花哨的礼服中，肯尼迪夫人显得格外引人注目。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jackie once said that she would like to envision herself as a sort of art director of the 20th century, suspended in a chair over everything else, and orchestrating how everything would look.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：杰基曾经说过，她想把自己想象成 20 世纪的艺术总监，坐在椅子上凌驾于一切之上，精心策划一切的外观。
Everything was a scene to be staged.
一切都是一幕幕即将上演的场景。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : People suddenly see this glamorous young couple from the upper class, who are almost impeccable in everything they do in public, and we want to be like them.
编剧理查德·里夫斯：人们突然看到这对来自上流社会的迷人年轻夫妇，他们在公共场合所做的一切几乎无可挑剔，我们想成为像他们一样的人。
This is the new America.
这就是新美国。
Narrator: : If his youth gave him pause, John Kennedy didn't show it.
旁白：：如果说他的年轻让他犹豫不决，约翰·肯尼迪并没有表现出来。
He appeared to be fearless.
他看上去无所畏惧。
He ignored anyone who said it was too dangerous for a President to speak off the cuff...
他无视任何人说总统即兴讲话太危险了……
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I have several announcements to make...
肯尼迪（档案）：：我有几件事要宣布......
Narrator: : ...
旁白：：……
and held the first live televised press conferences in the White House.
并在白宫举行了首次现场直播的新闻发布会。
He would keep them up throughout his presidency.
他将在整个总统任期内坚持这些原则。
Reporter (archival): : Congressman Alger of Texas today criticized Mr. Salinger as a, quote, "young and inexperienced White House publicity man," end quote.
记者（档案）：德克萨斯州国会议员阿尔杰今天批评塞林格先生是一位“年轻且缺乏经验的白宫宣传人员”。
And questioned the advisability of having him visit the Soviet Union.
并质疑让他访问苏联是否明智。
I wonder if you have any comments.
不知你有何意见？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I know there are always some people who feel Americans are always young and inexperienced and foreigners are always able and tough and great negotiators.
肯尼迪（档案）：我知道总有一些人觉得美国人总是年轻、缺乏经验，而外国人总是能干、强硬、伟大的谈判者。
But also as I saw the press, he also said that Mr. Salinger, his main job was to increase my standing in the Gallup polls.
而且正如我看到的新闻，他也说塞林格先生，他的主要工作是提高我在盖洛普民意调查中的地位。
Having done that, he's now moving on ...
完成这些之后，他现在要继续前进……
(laughter) to improve our communication.
（笑声）改善我们的沟通。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jack Kennedy did have what he called the "great man" theory of governing.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯，作家：：杰克·肯尼迪确实有他所谓的“伟人”执政理论。
And he felt that a leader with the requisite intelligence and persuasive powers, which included charm, I suppose, could have an impact.
他认为，一个具有必要智慧和说服力（我想其中包括魅力）的领导者可以产生影响。
And he tried to model himself along the lines of leaders that he admired who had had that kind of impact.
他试图按照他所钦佩的具有这种影响力的领导人的方式来塑造自己。
Narrator: : John Fitzgerald Kennedy demonstrated that this was his presidency from the start.
旁白：约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪从一开始就表明这是他的总统任期。
He appointed Republicans to head the Department of State, Treasury, Defense and the CIA, and when progressive Democrats complained, he waved them off.
他任命共和党人领导国务院、财政部、国防部和中央情报局，当进步的民主党人抱怨时，他拒绝了他们。
He also waved off critics who said his 35-year-old brother Bobby was too inexperienced, and named him Attorney General.
他还驳斥了批评他 35 岁弟弟鲍比缺乏经验的言论，并任命他为司法部长。
He peopled his White House staff with brainy and confident young men, and he wasn't shy about taking charge.
他的白宫工作人员中充满了聪明而自信的年轻人，而且他并不羞于承担责任。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : The Kennedys were part of that faith, that belief, born of the New Deal, of winning World War II, this sense that America's time had come.
埃文·托马斯，作家：肯尼迪家族是这种信念的一部分，这种信念源于新政，赢得了第二次世界大战，这种信念是美国的时代已经到来。
We had the best, the brightest, the smartest, and if you just get enough of those guys in one room, everything will be clear, and all problems will be solved.
我们拥有最优秀、最聪明、最聪明的人，如果你把足够多的人聚集在一个房间里，一切都会变得清晰，所有问题都会得到解决。
There was sort of a gleeful amateurism to them, this faith that if you're smart and vigorous and aggressive and ambitious, well, things will follow.
他们有一种令人高兴的业余主义，这种信念认为，如果你聪明、精力充沛、积极进取、雄心勃勃，那么事情就会水到渠成。
This was a dangerous formula, I should say, but it was attractive at the time.
我应该说，这是一个危险的公式，但它在当时很有吸引力。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : The system he worked out was kind of a spoke and wheel, so that he was in the center, he was the hub, and out to the spokes were the State Department, the National Security Advisor, whatever.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：他制定的系统有点像辐条和轮子，因此他位于中心，他是轮毂，辐条之外是国务院、国家安全顾问等等。
And to get to each other, they had to go through him.
为了到达对方，他们必须经过他。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : In a way, it was quite improvisational.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧： ：在某种程度上，这完全是即兴创作。
And he encouraged a lot of clashing ideas.
他鼓励了很多相互冲突的想法。
He would sometimes give the same assignment to different people and see what they came up with.
有时他会把同样的任务分配给不同的人，看看他们能得出什么结果。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : He wasn't bringing people together in a room to hammer out a consensus.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：他并没有将人们聚集在一个房间里达成共识。
He was bringing people in a room to give him the best information so that he could make the decision.
他把人们带到一个房间里，为他提供最好的信息，以便他做出决定。
The problem with this system, was it depended on the president asking the right questions.
这个系统的问题在于它取决于总统提出正确的问题。
If the president was distracted or tired, the system wasn't going to work well.
如果总统心烦意乱或疲倦，该系统就无法正常运行。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : How does a politician continually raise his sights, leave a job that required complete satisfaction at one time for a higher position, question?
肯尼迪（档案音频）：一个政治家如何不断提高自己的视野，离开曾经需要完全满足的工作去获得更高的职位，问题？
Part of the reason lies in the normal desire to move ahead, comma, perhaps a more important part lies in the recognition that a greater opportunity to determine the direction in which the nation will go lies in higher office.
部分原因在于正常的前进愿望，逗号，也许更重要的部分在于认识到决定国家前进方向的更大机会在于更高的职位。
I've come to understand that the presidency is the element source of action.
我逐渐认识到，总统职位是行动的源泉。
Narrator: : There was a lot on the young President's plate when he stepped into office: a weak economy, a trade deficit, ominous stirrings in the Civil Rights movement.
旁白：这位年轻的总统上任时面临着很多事情：疲软的经济、贸易逆差、民权运动的不祥骚动。
Kennedy wasn't pushing hard on his domestic agenda: he wanted federal investment in education, a minimum wage bill, maybe guaranteed healthcare for the elderly.
肯尼迪并没有大力推动他的国内议程：他希望联邦政府对教育进行投资，制定最低工资法案，也许还可以保证老年人的医疗保健。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : This is a memorandum to David Bale, bureau of the budget...
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：这是给预算局大卫·贝尔的一份备忘录……
Narrator: : What truly engaged John Kennedy at the beginning of 1961 was the increasing Soviet menace.
旁白： 1961 年初，真正让约翰·肯尼迪着迷的是苏联日益增长的威胁。
Like most Americans, the President was worried engagement with the Russians might spark a hot war, or nuclear catastrophe.
和大多数美国人一样，总统担心与俄罗斯的接触可能引发热战或核灾难。
But Kennedy did not want to appear afraid to face down Nikita Khrushchev.
但肯尼迪不想显得害怕面对尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫。
The Soviet premier was making noises about annexing democratic West Berlin and actively aiding anti-colonial movements in the Congo, Laos and Vietnam.
这位苏联总理大声疾呼要吞并民主的西柏林，并积极援助刚果、老挝和越南的反殖民运动。
Khrushchev was even making a play in America's backyard.
赫鲁晓夫甚至在美国后院玩起了游戏。
He had been an ardent supporter of Fidel Castro in the two years since the revolutionary had taken power in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. mainland.
自从菲德尔·卡斯特罗在距美国大陆仅 90 英里的古巴掌权以来的两年里，他一直是菲德尔·卡斯特罗的热心支持者。
Thomas Hughes: :Assistant Secretary of State: Khrushchev, as a kind of inauguration present for Kennedy, had given his big speech about national wars of liberation being the future extension of Communist influence.
托马斯·休斯：：助理国务卿：赫鲁晓夫作为肯尼迪的就职礼物，发表了关于民族解放战争是共产主义影响力未来延伸的重要讲话。
Kennedy made everybody read this.
肯尼迪让每个人都读到了这篇文章。
It was required reading in the first weeks of the Administration.
在政府执政的最初几周内，这本书是必读的。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Kennedy definitely bought this idea of Communism on the march, that we were in this twilight struggle, that we had to face off against the Communists everywhere, that it was this almost sacred duty to face up against the Communist menace.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：肯尼迪在行军中肯定接受了共产主义的这种观念，我们正处于这场黄昏的斗争中，我们必须与各地的共产党人对抗，面对共产主义的威胁几乎是神圣的责任。
Eisenhower's formula had always been "all or nothing." Face off against the Communists and say, "We're going to go to nuclear war, or nothing." Kennedy thought the smarter thing to do was to be willing to fight small wars.
艾森豪威尔的原则一直是“全有或全无”。面对共产党并说：“我们要发动核战争，否则什么也不会。”肯尼迪认为更明智的做法是愿意打小规模战争。
It was called "flexible response." The idea was, you can't just threaten nuclear war every time.
这就是所谓的“灵活应对”。这个想法是，你不能每次都威胁核战争。
Kennedy bought into this idea that you could fight small wars, win them, check Communism that way.
肯尼迪接受了这样的想法：你可以打小规模的战争，赢得战争，这样就能遏制共产主义。
Narrator: : In early April 1961, just a few months into Kennedy's presidency, Nikita Khrushchev announced the latest Soviet triumph: the first manned flight into space.
旁白： 1961 年 4 月上旬，也就是肯尼迪就任总统几个月后，尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫宣布了苏联最新的胜利：首次载人太空飞行。
Kennedy watched as the Soviets heralded their stunning achievement to the world, just as he was deciding whether or not to execute the most aggressive anti-Communist plot available to him: the takedown of Khrushchev's only real ally in the Western Hemisphere.
肯尼迪看着苏联向世界宣布他们惊人的成就，而他正在决定是否执行他所能采取的最具侵略性的反共阴谋：推翻赫鲁晓夫在西半球唯一真正的盟友。
The plan for an armed overthrow of Fidel Castro in Cuba was a holdover from the Eisenhower administration.
在古巴武装推翻菲德尔·卡斯特罗的计划是艾森豪威尔政府遗留下来的。
More than a thousand U.S.-sponsored Cuban exiles were already in Guatemala, training for the invasion, when Kennedy took office.
当肯尼迪上任时，一千多名美国资助的古巴流亡者已经在危地马拉接受入侵训练。
At a meeting the day before his inauguration, Kennedy had spent little time asking the outgoing President about Cuba, and walked away with the idea that prospects for success were good; that national security required action.
在就职前一天的一次会议上，肯尼迪没花多少时间向即将卸任的总统询问古巴的情况，就带着成功前景良好的想法离开了。国家安全需要采取行动。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : They were a little bit ships passing in the night when they met at the White House in December and then in January 1960-61.
编剧埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)：：1960-61 年 12 月和 1961 年 1 月，他们在白宫会面时，就像是夜色中驶过的小船。
And it's too bad.
这太糟糕了。
They needed to have a better conversation than they did.
他们需要进行比现在更好的对话。
Eisenhower should have said to Kennedy, "Hey, take it easy on this.
艾森豪威尔应该对肯尼迪说：“嘿，别紧张。
Make sure you really talk to the generals before you invade Cuba." But he didn't.
确保在入侵古巴之前与将军们真正交谈。”但他没有。
This really was a CIA operation.
这确实是中央情报局的一次行动。
And there was a man named Richard Bissell, who ran Covert Operations at the CIA.
还有一个名叫理查德·比塞尔的人，负责中央情报局的秘密行动。
Very ambitious, very aggressive.
非常有野心，非常进取。
Wanted to be head of the CIA, was basically banking on success in Cuba carrying him there.
他想成为中央情报局局长，基本上指望在古巴取得成功，把他带到那里。
And what Bissell was selling was the invasion of Cuba, that they were going to get rid of Castro, but also a whole world of covert action: that by subterfuge, the United States could get its way in the world.
比塞尔推销的是入侵古巴，他们要除掉卡斯特罗，但也推销了整个世界的秘密行动：通过诡计，美国可以在世界上得逞。
And the Kennedys fell for Dick Bissell.
肯尼迪家族也爱上了迪克·比塞尔。
John Seigenthaler: : Assistant to Robert Kennedy:The only National Security Council meeting that I attended was the meeting at which the President discussed the Bay of Pigs.
约翰·席根塔勒：罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理：我参加的唯一一次国家安全委员会会议是总统讨论猪湾事件的会议。
And I remember Allen Dulles, Director of the CIA, said that once the invasion began, there would be a national uprising.
我记得中央情报局局长艾伦·杜勒斯说过，一旦入侵开始，就会发生全国起义。
There was absolutely no doubt in his mind -- nor, I think, as we left that day, in the President's mind -- that once the invasion was underway, that there would be a popular uprising among the Cuban people.
他心里毫无疑问——我想，当我们那天离开时，总统心里也毫不怀疑——一旦入侵开始，古巴人民就会爆发民众起义。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Kennedy had a real respect for the people in the intelligence agency, and made the obvious assumption they knew what they were doing.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），编剧：：肯尼迪非常尊重情报机构的工作人员，并明显假设他们知道自己在做什么。
Narrator: : The President wanted to believe he could have it both ways.
旁白：：总统希望相信他可以两全其美。
He hoped to overthrow Castro, without leaving behind American fingerprints -- and without poking a finger in Khrushchev's eye.
他希望推翻卡斯特罗，而又不留下美国的痕迹，也不用手指戳赫鲁晓夫的眼睛。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Kennedy does have some qualms about the invasion plan.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：肯尼迪确实对入侵计划有些疑虑。
It's a little bit too loud and noisy, as they say, and he wants to tone it down.
正如他们所说，这有点太大声和吵闹，他想把声音调低一些。
So he's like a politician, he looks for a compromise.
所以他就像一个政治家，他寻求妥协。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : want something quieter.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)，历史学家：：想要更安静的东西。
I want you to go on a beach, in an area which is far away from an urban center, so that this is not picked up.
我希望你去海滩，远离市中心的地区，这样就不会被接收到。
Set up a camp on Cuban soil, and then establish a government there, and make the government there responsible for air attacks, so that it's viewed as the Cubans -- Okay, we're helping the Cubans.
在古巴土地上建立一个营地，然后在那里建立一个政府，让那里的政府负责空袭，这样就被视为古巴人——好吧，我们正在帮助古巴人。
But it is ultimately the Cubans fighting for the Cubans.
但最终是古巴人为古巴人而战。
Can you do that?
你能做到吗？
"Yes, Mr. President."
“是的，总统先生。”
Evan Thomas, Writer: : The fact that the military's signing off on it just means, what they're really saying is, "This is a CIA operation.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：事实上，军方的批准只是意味着，他们真正想说的是，“这是中央情报局的一项行动。
It's their problem if it fails." Kennedy is not sophisticated enough, not experienced enough to understand that.
如果失败了，那是他们的问题。”肯尼迪不够老练，经验不够，无法理解这一点。
Newsreel Announcer (archival audio): : The assault has begun on the dictatorship of Fidel Castro.
新闻片播音员（档案音频）：：对菲德尔·卡斯特罗独裁政权的攻击已经开始。
Cuban Army pilots opened the first phase of organized revolt with bombing raids on three military bases....
古巴陆军飞行员对三个军事基地进行轰炸袭击，拉开了有组织叛乱的第一阶段......
Narrator: : The invasion unraveled from the start.
旁白：：入侵从一开始就瓦解了。
The initial air campaign on April 15th, 1961, was a disaster, and a very public one.
1961 年 4 月 15 日的首次空袭是一场灾难，而且是一场非常公开的灾难。
Newsreel Announcer (archival audio): : In Havana, acting Foreign Minister Olivarez shows diplomats rockets fired from the Cuban raiders which he claims have U.S. markings...
新闻片播音员（档案音频）：：在哈瓦那，代理外交部长奥利瓦雷斯向外交官展示从古巴袭击者发射的火箭，他声称这些火箭带有美国标记......
Narrator: : Kennedy sent his Ambassador to the U.N.
旁白：：肯尼迪派他的大使到联合国。
to make a hasty and formal denial of U.S. involvement in the initial air strikes.
仓促正式否认美国参与最初的空袭。
Adlai Stevenson, Chief U.S. Delegate to the U.N.
阿德莱·史蒂文森 (Adlai Stevenson)，美国驻联合国首席代表
(archival): : The United States has committed no aggression against Cuba and no offensive has been launched from Florida or from any other part of the United States.
（档案）：：美国没有对古巴发动侵略，也没有从佛罗里达州或美国任何其他地区发起进攻。
Narrator: : By the time the American-trained and -equipped invasion force began its cruise toward the tiny Caribbean island the following day, the coup in Cuba was a poorly kept secret.
旁白：当美国训练有素、装备齐全的入侵部队第二天开始向这个加勒比小岛航行时，古巴的政变已经是一个保守得很差的秘密了。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : The exiles landed in small boats at the Bay of Pigs, which is a very remote part of Cuba, not near any town at all.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：流放者乘坐小船在猪湾登陆，这是古巴非常偏远的地区，根本不靠近任何城镇。
The Cuban authorities had heard about the invasion, and they were able to surround this exile force very quickly, isolate them, and begin to massacre them, kill them, capture them.
古巴当局听说了入侵的消息，他们能够很快包围这支流亡部队，孤立他们，并开始屠杀他们，杀害他们，俘虏他们。
And that put the President in a very difficult position.
这使总统处于非常困难的境地。
Either he had to commit U.S. forces to rescue this aborted invasion force or he had to deny all connection with it.
要么他必须派遣美国军队来营救这支失败的入侵部队，要么他必须否认与这支部队有任何联系。
Narrator: : While the remaining Cuban exile force dug in, the CIA -- and the military -- begged Kennedy to commit more troops, or at least okay powerful air strikes, in support of the invaders on that beachhead.
旁白：：当剩下的古巴流亡部队坚守阵地时，中央情报局和军方恳求肯尼迪派遣更多部队，或者至少可以进行强力空袭，以支持滩头阵地的入侵者。
The President demurred.
总统提出异议。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : The facts on the ground got worse and worse and worse for the exiles who had invaded, with U.S. support.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：对于在美国支持下入侵的流亡者来说，实际情况变得越来越糟。
It was a total disaster.
这完全是一场灾难。
Narrator: : There was no popular uprising in Cuba.
旁白：：古巴没有发生民众起义。
Castro bragged about his stunning defiance of the United States; his popularity in Cuba soared.
卡斯特罗吹嘘他对美国的惊人反抗；他在古巴的人气飙升。
Nikita Khrushchev wagged his finger at the new American President, who had been defeated and caught in an embarrassing lie.
尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫对这位被击败并陷入尴尬谎言的美国新总统摇了摇头。
Of the 1,400 Cuban exiles who made the attack, 1,200 were killed or captured; many of the survivors were headed for firing squads.
发动袭击的 1,400 名古巴流亡者中，有 1,200 人被杀或被俘；许多幸存者被送往行刑队。
David Nasaw, Historian: : The Bay of Pigs is the low point not only of the Kennedy presidency but maybe of any presidency.
历史学家大卫·纳索：猪湾事件不仅是肯尼迪总统任期的最低点，而且可能是任何总统任期的最低点。
As Jackie says, she had never seen her husband as distraught, as defeated.
正如杰基所说，她从未见过她的丈夫如此心烦意乱、如此失败。
She caught him a couple of times just weeping.
有几次她发现他只是在哭泣。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : This is a decision-making that depended on the guy in the middle asking the right questions and getting the right answers.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：这是一个取决于中间人提出正确问题并获得正确答案的决策。
And it failed.
但它失败了。
And he knew who was at fault.
他知道谁对谁错。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : He was pretty depressed, sitting in his office, saying, "How could I be so stupid?
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：他非常沮丧，坐在办公室里说：“我怎么会这么蠢？
Why did I listen to those people?"
我为什么要听那些人的话？”
David Nasaw, Historian: : And as the days went on, he didn't feel better.
历史学家大卫·纳索：随着时间一天天过去，他的感觉并没有好转。
He couldn't get himself out of this depression, he couldn't rouse himself.
他无法让自己摆脱这种沮丧，无法唤醒自己。
And at one point Bobby came to Jack in the Oval Office and said, "Let's call Dad.
有一次，鲍比来到椭圆形办公室对杰克说：“我们给爸爸打电话吧。
He'll make us feel better."
他会让我们感觉更好。”
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Right after the Bay of Pigs, Kennedy calls President Eisenhower and asks to meet him at Camp David.
作家埃文·托马斯：猪湾事件过后，肯尼迪致电艾森豪威尔总统，要求在戴维营与他会面。
And Kennedy says, "What went wrong?" And President Eisenhower starts quizzing him.
肯尼迪问道：“出了什么问题？”艾森豪威尔总统开始询问他。
He said, "Now, when you met about this, did you meet in a group and have a true back-and-forth, or did you meet with people alone, one on one, and not really have a full debate?" And it comes out in this meeting that Kennedy never really talked to the generals about what they really thought.
他说：“现在，当你们讨论这个问题时，你们是在一群人中会面并进行了真正的来回讨论，还是单独与人们会面，一对一，并没有真正进行充分的辩论？”在这次会议上，我们发现肯尼迪从未真正与将军们谈论过他们的真实想法。
And Eisenhower kind of shakes his head and says, "You know, next time you're going to have to do better, Mr. President."
艾森豪威尔摇摇头说道：“你知道，总统先生，下次你必须做得更好。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : It humbled him, but most important, it made him deeply skeptical of taking advice at face value from people who were supposed to be experts, in the military, in the intelligence community, in the CIA.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：这让他感到谦卑，但最重要的是，这让他对从军队、情报界和中央情报局的专家那里听取建议深表怀疑。
And he realized he had to make critical evaluations of what people were telling him, and he had to be skeptical.
他意识到他必须对人们告诉他的事情做出批判性的评估，并且他必须持怀疑态度。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : He decided to set in motion really a revival of his administration, and it leads him to decide to do the sort of unprecedented, to have a second State of the Union speech.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：他决定真正启动他的政府的复兴，这导致他决定做出前所未有的第二次国情咨文演讲。
Kennedy's trying to revive his presidency after the Bay of Pigs.
猪湾事件后，肯尼迪正试图恢复他的总统职位。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant Secretary of State: : Kennedy was always being confronted at the wrong time with the wrong problem.
助理国务卿托马斯·休斯：肯尼迪总是在错误的时间遇到错误的问题。
And he regards all these things as terrible, competitive distractions.
他认为所有这些事情都是可怕的、竞争性的干扰。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : He learned about the Freedom Riders when he got his New York Times that particular morning, and it was a picture of the bus burning in Anniston, Alabama.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：那天早上，他收到《纽约时报》时了解到了自由乘车者的情况，那是一张阿拉巴马州安尼斯顿公交车燃烧的照片。
And his response was, "What the hell is this?"
他的回答是：“这到底是什么？”
Narrator: : In mid-May 1961, a group of Americans trying to focus attention on the illegal segregation of interstate bus lines in the South ran into more resistance than they'd expected.
旁白： 1961 年 5 月中旬，一群美国人试图将注意力集中在南部州际公交线路非法隔离问题上，但遇到的阻力比他们预想的要多。
White supremacists in Alabama had firebombed one passenger bus the protesters were on, and beaten them bloody.
阿拉巴马州的白人至上主义者向抗议者乘坐的一辆客车投掷燃烧弹，并将他们打得血肉模糊。
John Kennedy was 10 days away from a major address to Congress; he was also busy preparing for his historic summit with Nikita Khrushchev, which was just three weeks away.
距离约翰·肯尼迪 (John Kennedy) 向国会发表重要讲话还有 10 天。他还忙着为与尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫的历史性峰会做准备，距离峰会只有三周时间了。
Harris Wofford, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: : He didn't want America's race problems to be splashed all over the press of the world, and therefore, out of the blue, learning about it, I answer his call on the phone when he suddenly discovers the Freedom Riders are riding, into danger.
美国民权委员会哈里斯·沃福德（Harris Wofford）：他不希望世界各地的媒体都报道美国的种族问题，因此，当他突然发现自由乘车者正陷入危险时，我突然得知此事并接听了他的电话。
And he said, "Get your friends off those buses.
他说：“让你的朋友下车。
Find a way to stop it."
想办法阻止它。”
Jullian Bond, Student Nonviolent Leadership Committee: : There's a feeling that the Kennedy administration wants to treat the civil rights movement generally, the Freedom Riders particularly, as an irritant: These are people getting in our way.
朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力领导委员会：有一种感觉，肯尼迪政府希望将民权运动，特别是自由乘车者，视为一种刺激物：这些人妨碍了我们。
These are people upsetting our plans.
这些人扰乱了我们的计划。
These are people who are taking attention away from what we want to do.
这些人正在将注意力从我们想做的事情上转移开。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : At that time a Democratic president was totally at the mercy of southern Democrats.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家： ：当时民主党总统完全受到南方民主党人的摆布。
They ran the Congress.
他们主持国会。
And they were segregationists.
他们是种族隔离主义者。
And he did not want to lose control of Congress over, you know, a few black kids.
他不想因为一些黑人孩子而失去对国会的控制。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : That was the battle in 1961 he didn't want to fight.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：那是 1961 年他不想参加的战斗。
And the President and Robert Kennedy reacted to this by saying, "Not now." It's politically understandable, but historically it's inexcusable.
总统和罗伯特·肯尼迪对此作出反应说：“现在不行。”这在政治上是可以理解的，但在历史上却是不可原谅的。
Narrator: : Kennedy was wary of sending federal troops to protect the Freedom Riders; he knew it would inflame white Southern Democrats.
旁白：：肯尼迪对派遣联邦军队保护自由乘车者持谨慎态度；他知道这会激怒南方白人民主党人。
Justice Department officials called the protest leaders and warned them that the United States government could not assure their safety if they continued, and asked them to stand down.
司法部官员致电抗议领导人，警告他们，如果他们继续下去，美国政府将无法保证他们的安全，并要求他们下台。
Jullian Bond, Student Nonviolent Leadership Committee: : The optimism that had enveloped the Kennedys, I think, from election day forward, began to diminish, and it kept going down and down and down and down and down.
朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力领导委员会：我认为，从选举日起，笼罩着肯尼迪家族的乐观情绪就开始减弱，而且一直在下降、下降、下降、下降。
Narrator: : The Freedom Riders refused to suspend their campaign, though they held out little hope of federal protection.
旁白：：自由乘车者拒绝暂停他们的竞选活动，尽管他们对联邦保护的希望渺茫。
"This goddam civil rights mess," Kennedy complained.
“这该死的民权烂摊子，”肯尼迪抱怨道。
He tried to satisfy both sides.
他试图让双方都满意。
He sent his attorney general brother out to make statements chastising both the Freedom Riders and their attackers.
他派他的司法部长兄弟发表声明，谴责自由乘车者及其袭击者。
He dispatched a Justice Department aide, a Southerner named John Seigenthaler, to try to keep a lid on situation and to explain to local authorities that it was their duty to protect the protesters from the white mobs.
他派了一位名叫约翰·席根塔勒的南方人司法部助手试图掩盖局势，并向地方当局解释说，他们有责任保护抗议者免受白人暴徒的侵害。
This assignment landed Seigenthaler in a parking lot of the Montgomery bus station, where the local police refused to stand between the Freedom Riders and a group of armed and angry segregationists.
这项任务让席根塔勒来到了蒙哥马利汽车站的一个停车场，当地警察拒绝站在自由乘车者和一群武装的愤怒的种族隔离主义者之间。
John Seigenthaler, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : There were people there that day who would have killed those kids just because they were black.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理约翰·西根塔勒：那天有人会因为这些孩子是黑人而杀死他们。
I mean, they were intent on maiming and crippling and killing.
我的意思是，他们一心要残害、致残和杀戮。
I think the violence visited on the Freedom Riders that day in that Greyhound parking lot in Montgomery shattered those hopes that the administration could somehow navigate through the troubled waters of race in the South.
我认为那天在蒙哥马利灰狗停车场发生的自由乘车者暴力事件粉碎了人们对政府能够以某种方式渡过南方种族混乱水域的希望。
Certainly they understood that there were going to be problems.
当然，他们明白将会出现问题。
But this was one that required federal intervention; this was one that required sending in 400 marshals one afternoon.
但这需要联邦干预；这一任务需要一天下午派出 400 名执法人员。
And once that was done, the idea that you were going to be able to navigate those troubled waters, you realized that was probably a false hope.
一旦完成，你将能够渡过这些浑水的想法，你意识到这可能是一个错误的希望。
Narrator: : Once the federal marshals were in place in Alabama, Kennedy changed the subject from civil rights.
旁白：：联邦法警在阿拉巴马州就任后，肯尼迪将话题从民权转向了话题。
When he addressed a rare joint session of Congress four days later, the President mentioned civil rights only glancingly.
四天后，当总统在一次罕见的国会联席会议上发表讲话时，总统只是粗略地提到了公民权利。
He would say not a single word about the Freedom Riders.
他对自由乘车者只字不提。
"These are extraordinary times," Kennedy explained, and we needed to keep our eye on the most important issue -- the global struggle for freedom.
“这是一个不平凡的时代，”肯尼迪解释说，我们需要关注最重要的问题——全球争取自由的斗争。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : The great battleground for the defense and expansion of freedom today is the whole southern half of the globe: Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, the lands of the rising people.
肯尼迪（档案）：今天捍卫和扩大自由的伟大战场是整个地球南半部：亚洲、拉丁美洲、非洲和中东，这些崛起的人民的土地。
Their revolution is the greatest in human history...
他们的革命是人类历史上最伟大的......
Narrator: : To promote the cause of democracy around the world, he asked young Americans to join the newly formed Peace Corps, and he asked Congress for money to aid emerging nations.
旁白：：为了促进全世界的民主事业，他要求美国年轻人加入新成立的和平队，并向国会请求资金援助新兴国家。
He also called for a bold new move into the heavens.
他还呼吁采取大胆的新举措进入天空。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Finally, if we are to win the battle that is now going on around the world between freedom and tyranny, the dramatic achievements in space which occurred in recent weeks should have made clear to us all, as did the Sputnik in 1957, the impact of this adventure on the minds of men everywhere, who are attempting to make a determination of which road they should take ...
肯尼迪（档案）：最后，如果我们要赢得世界各地正在进行的自由与暴政之间的战斗，最近几周在太空中发生的戏剧性成就应该让我们所有人都清楚，就像 1957 年人造卫星所做的那样，这次冒险对世界各地的人们的思想产生了影响，他们正在试图确定他们应该走哪条路......
I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.
我相信这个国家应该致力于在这十年结束之前实现将人类送上月球并安全返回地球的目标。
Narrator: : The moon-shot had less to do with science and discovery than it did with projecting to the Soviets American resolve.
旁白：：登月计划与其说与科学和发现有关，不如说与向苏联展示美国的决心有关。
Kennedy was scheduled to take his first overseas trip within a week of that address to Paris, Vienna and London.
肯尼迪原定在发表讲话后一周内首次出访巴黎、维也纳和伦敦。
The most important leg was Vienna, where the President would be meeting face to face with Nikita Khrushchev.
最重要的一站是维也纳，总统将在那里与尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫面对面会面。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Kennedy was very confident of his own charm and whatnot and he expected he could seduce Khrushchev.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：肯尼迪对自己的魅力之类的东西非常有信心，他希望自己能够诱惑赫鲁晓夫。
Pierre Salinger, Press Secretary (archival): : The President and Chairman Khrushchev understand that this meeting is not for the purpose of negotiating or reaching agreement on the major international problems…
新闻秘书皮埃尔·塞林格（档案）：：总统和赫鲁晓夫主席明白，这次会议不是为了就重大国际问题进行谈判或达成协议……
Narrator: : Kennedy had a big agenda in Vienna: he wanted to persuade Khrushchev to back off in West Berlin, to join him in decelerating weapons programs, and to suspend nuclear testing.
旁白：肯尼迪在维也纳有一个宏伟的议程：他想说服赫鲁晓夫在西柏林退缩，与他一起减缓武器计划，并暂停核试验。
Pierre Salinger, Press Secretary (archival): : ...
新闻秘书皮埃尔·塞林格（档案）：：...
and a general exchange of views on the major issues which affect the relationship between the two countries.
并就影响两国关系的重大问题广泛交换意见。
Narrator: : The nuclear stand-down was the President's highest priority.
旁白：：核停摆是总统的首要任务。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Kennedy had a meeting with his chiefs early in his presidency, in which they describe to him the plans for a nuclear war, in which they would kill 175 million people, devastate every major city in the Soviet Union and China.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：：肯尼迪在就任总统之初就与他的首脑们举行了一次会议，会上他们向他描述了核战争计划，核战争将杀死 1.75 亿人，摧毁苏联和中国的每一个主要城市。
And as he walks out of the room, he turns to Dean Rusk and he says, "And we call ourselves the human race."
当他走出房间时，他转向迪安腊斯克说：“我们称自己为人类。”
If there was anything that horrified in that presidency, it was the thought of having to pull that nuclear trigger.
如果说在那个总统任期内有什么事情是令人恐惧的，那就是必须扣动核扳机的想法。
Newsreel Announcer (archival audio): : Paris, the city of light, outdoes itself in the warmth and splendor of its welcome to President and Mrs. Kennedy, here en route to the fateful Vienna meeting with Soviet Premier Khrushchev ...
新闻片播音员（档案音频）：：巴黎，这座光之城，以热情和华丽的方式欢迎肯尼迪总统和夫人，他们正在前往维也纳与苏联总理赫鲁晓夫进行决定性的会面……
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : There was a great deal of interest in that first trip.
莎莉·比德尔·史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：人们对第一次旅行很感兴趣。
Jackie understood this.
杰基明白这一点。
She studied very hard.
她学习非常努力。
She studied State Department documents.
她研究了国务院文件。
She hired a tutor to brush up her French.
她聘请了一位家庭教师来温习法语。
And when they arrived in Paris, people went wild.
当他们到达巴黎时，人们都疯狂了。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I do not think it altogether inappropriate to introduce myself to this audience.
肯尼迪（档案）：我认为向观众介绍我自己并非完全不合适。
I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris.
我是陪同杰奎琳·肯尼迪前往巴黎的人。
And I've enjoyed it.
我很享受它。
Narrator: : The success of the sit-down with Khrushchev in Vienna was up to President himself.
旁白：：维也纳与赫鲁晓夫的会谈能否成功取决于总统本人。
There were two long days of meetings on the schedule, and Kennedy's serious health problems had flared again.
日程上有两天漫长的会议，肯尼迪严重的健康问题再次爆发。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Kennedy had wrenched his back on a trip to Canada several weeks before they went to Paris and was in a lot of pain, more pain than usual.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：肯尼迪在前往巴黎的几周前去加拿大旅行时扭伤了背部，并且感到非常痛苦，比平常更痛苦。
He had enlisted the services of a controversial doctor.
他请了一位有争议的医生提供服务。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Max Jacobson, Dr. Feelgood, who was unofficially his doctor, was flown over with his wife, the only two passengers on a chartered plane.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），编剧：马克斯·雅各布森（Max Jacobson），菲古德医生（Dr. Feelgood），他的非正式医生，和他的妻子一起飞过来，他们是包机上仅有的两名乘客。
And then they were kept in the hotel where the Secret Service was, so that the more mainstream doctors, wouldn't know that Kennedy was being pumped up.
然后他们被关在特勤局所在的酒店里，这样更主流的医生就不会知道肯尼迪正在兴奋。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : Bobby Kennedy cautioned his brother against letting this guy, who some said was a quack, letting him shoot him up with these kinds of painkillers.
罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek），历史学家：鲍比·肯尼迪警告他的兄弟不要让这个家伙（有人说他是庸医）让他用这些止痛药射杀他。
And, "Do you know what's in these injections?" And Jack said, "I don't care if it's dog piss.
并且，“你知道这些注射液里有什么吗？”杰克说：“我不在乎这是不是狗尿。
It makes me feel better."
这让我感觉好多了。”
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : A half hour before Kennedy was due to meet with Khrushchev, Kennedy summoned him to his room and asked him to give him a big injection, because he knew he was going to be faced with a long meeting with Khrushchev and he wanted to be able to withstand that length of time without suffering the kind of back pain that he had been enduring.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：在肯尼迪与赫鲁晓夫会面前半小时，肯尼迪把他叫到自己的房间，请他给他注射一剂大针，因为他知道他将面临与赫鲁晓夫的长时间会面，他希望能够承受这么长的时间，而不会遭受他一直在忍受的那种背痛。
Narrator: : Dr. Feelgood's cocktails were a potent mix of painkillers and amphetamines.
旁白：：Feelgood 博士的鸡尾酒是止痛药和安非他明的强效混合物。
Nobody but Jackie and Bobby knew about the injections.
除了杰基和鲍比之外，没有人知道注射的事情。
And nobody on the staff suspected.
工作人员中没有人怀疑。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : Despite all the briefings about what a crude, emotional peasant Khrushchev was, Kennedy couldn't have been prepared for what he was up against.
托马斯·休斯，罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理：尽管所有的简报都表明赫鲁晓夫是一个多么粗鲁、情绪化的农民，但肯尼迪还没有为他所面临的事情做好准备。
Khrushchev thought of him as young, weak, ineffective, and probably a pushover.
赫鲁晓夫认为他年轻、软弱、无能，而且很可能是个容易屈服的人。
And Kennedy defended himself limply.
肯尼迪也无力地为自己辩护。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Khrushchev wanted Vienna to be humiliating for the American president.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：赫鲁晓夫希望维也纳让美国总统蒙羞。
That was the goal.
这就是目标。
There was nothing that Kennedy could say or do at Vienna that would have derailed Khrushchev's strategy.
肯尼迪在维也纳所说或所做的任何事情都不会破坏赫鲁晓夫的战略。
Kennedy walked into an ambush.
肯尼迪陷入埋伏。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : What he hopes to do is work out some kind of accommodation with Khrushchev over Berlin.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：：他希望在柏林问题上与赫鲁晓夫达成某种和解。
The Soviets are chagrined by the fact that Berlin is a corridor of escape for people from the Eastern European satellite countries; that they're running out of there, fleeing Eastern Europe, where Communism is in control, to go to the West.
苏联人对柏林是东欧卫星国人民的逃亡走廊感到懊恼；他们正在逃离那里，逃离共产主义控制的东欧，前往西方。
And Khrushchev is embarrassed by this.
赫鲁晓夫对此感到尴尬。
Narrator: : The Soviet Premier was matter of fact in his presentation to Kennedy about Berlin.
旁白：：苏联总理在向肯尼迪介绍柏林时实事求是。
He was ready to unify the city under the control of his ally, East Germany, and to erase any U.S. and NATO presence in the city.
他准备将这座城市统一在他的盟友东德的控制之下，并消除美国和北约在该市的存在。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : By the end of the meeting, Khrushchev says, "We're going forward.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：会议结束时，赫鲁晓夫说：“我们正在前进。
You press us, that's your problem." And Kennedy said, "It's going to be a very cold winter."
你向我们施压，那是你的问题。”肯尼迪说：“这将是一个非常寒冷的冬天。”
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Khrushchev talked about nuclear weapons in a very informal way that worried Kennedy.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：赫鲁晓夫以非常非正式的方式谈论核武器，这让肯尼迪感到担忧。
Kennedy, when he came out of that meeting with Khrushchev, was really shaken.
当肯尼迪与赫鲁晓夫会面结束后，他真的很震惊。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : I will tell you now that it was a very sober two days.
肯尼迪（档案）：我现在告诉你，这是非常清醒的两天。
There was no discourtesy, no loss of tempers, no threats or ultimatums by either side, no advantage or concession was either gained or given, no major decision was either planned or taken.
双方没有失礼、没有发脾气、没有威胁或发出最后通牒，没有获得或给予任何优势或让步，没有计划或做出重大决定。
No spectacular progress was either achieved or pretended.
没有取得或假装取得任何引人注目的进展。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : He assumed certain things about Khrushchev that proved to be wrong.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：他对赫鲁晓夫的某些假设被证明是错误的。
If this guy doesn't share my concern about nuclear danger, how am I going to deal with him over Europe?
如果这个人不同意我对核危险的担忧，我该如何在欧洲问题上与他打交道？
There was no ground that he could see for compromise.
他看不出有任何妥协的余地。
And that left Kennedy in a very dangerous situation.
这使肯尼迪处于非常危险的境地。
It left the country in a dangerous situation.
它使该国陷入危险境地。
Narrator: : The President found it increasingly difficult to read Nikita Khrushchev in the months after Vienna.
旁白：：总统发现在维也纳战争结束后的几个月里读懂尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫变得越来越困难。
The Soviet leader kept Kennedy off balance.
这位苏联领导人让肯尼迪失去了平衡。
He backed off on his Berlin threat, building a wall around the Soviet-controlled sector of the city to stem the flood of defectors, but leaving in place the post-war agreements between East and West.
他放弃了对柏林的威胁，在该市苏联控制区周围修建了一堵墙，以阻止大批叛逃者，但保留了东西方之间的战后协议。
Then -- in spite of Kennedy's direct warnings -- he restarted Soviet nuclear testing.
然后，他不顾肯尼迪的直接警告，重启了苏联核试验。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Khrushchev's decision to resume testing in summer of 1961 -- not just any kind of testing; he decided to detonate the largest bomb ever detonated before -- put Kennedy in a difficult position.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：赫鲁晓夫决定在 1961 年夏天恢复测试——不仅仅是任何类型的测试；他决定引爆有史以来最大的炸弹，这让肯尼迪陷入了困境。
He has many advisors who are arguing, "You've got to resume testing," and he doesn't want to do it.
他的许多顾问都在争论，“你必须恢复测试”，但他不想这样做。
And he keeps putting it off, hoping that something will happen in the negotiations with the Soviets.
他一再拖延，希望与苏联的谈判能够有所进展。
The nuclear scientists are arguing that you need to do it.
核科学家认为你需要这样做。
We're going to make bombs better and more effective, more efficient.
我们将让炸弹变得更好、更有效、更有效率。
It's the time when they start thinking about a neutron bomb.
这是他们开始考虑中子弹的时候。
And Kennedy is much less interested in all of that than he is in trying to keep the world away from the brink of nuclear war.
肯尼迪对所有这些都不感兴趣，他更感兴趣的是试图让世界远离核战争的边缘。
Narrator: : Kennedy believed he had to show strength.
旁白：：肯尼迪相信他必须表现出力量。
And asking Congress to fund an increasing buildup of military capability and weapons systems wasn't enough.
要求国会资助不断增强的军事能力和武器系统是不够的。
He decided to make a stand in a country in Southeast Asia few Americans had ever heard of: Vietnam.
他决定在一个很少有美国人听说过的东南亚国家表明立场：越南。
The Communist-backed Viet Cong appeared to be winning there.
共产党支持的越共似乎在那里获胜。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : There were people urging Kennedy to understand that if the Viet Cong guerillas succeed in South Vietnam, it's going to be seen as a model for guerilla warfare in other developing nations.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：有人敦促肯尼迪明白，如果越共游击队在南越取得成功，它将被视为其他发展中国家游击战的典范。
And so beating back this insurgency not only saves Vietnam from Communism, but it's going to discourage the guerilla campaigns in other Third World countries.
因此，击退这场叛乱不仅可以使越南免于共产主义，而且可以阻止其他第三世界国家的游击运动。
Having suffered setbacks and not ousting Castro from Cuba, having sort of lost the debate, so to speak, in Vienna with Khrushchev, being under the gun in relation to Berlin, he feels he can't step aside on Vietnam, however marginal it may be in his own mind and in the minds of some others telling him that this piece of territory is not all that important to America's strategic security.
遭受挫折，没有将卡斯特罗赶出古巴，可以说，在维也纳与赫鲁晓夫的辩论中输了，在柏林的枪口下，他觉得自己不能在越南问题上让位，无论越南在他自己和其他一些人的心目中多么边缘化，告诉他这片领土对美国的战略安全来说并不那么重要。
Narrator: : Kennedy was wary of being drawn into another debacle like Bay of Pigs.
旁白：：肯尼迪担心自己会陷入猪湾事件这样的另一场灾难。
He asked the Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, and his only trusted military adviser, General Maxwell Taylor, to give him a reasonable plan.
他请求国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉和他唯一信任的军事顾问麦克斯韦·泰勒将军给他一个合理的计划。
He wanted them to assess the U.S.'s chosen ally there, President Ngo Dinh Diem, to determine the popularity of his South Vietnamese government, and the strength of his military.
他希望他们评估美国在当地选择的盟友吴庭艳总统，以确定其南越政府的受欢迎程度及其军事实力。
He asked brother Bobby to stay in the loop too.
他请弟弟鲍比也了解情况。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Maxwell Taylor and Robert McNamara lay out for Kennedy in late 1961 a set of proposals to manage the problem in South Vietnam, and that involves sending troops.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：麦克斯韦·泰勒 (Maxwell Taylor) 和罗伯特·麦克纳马拉 (Robert McNamara) 于 1961 年底为肯尼迪提出了一系列解决南越问题的建议，其中包括派遣军队。
The understanding is that those troops will not engage in combat.
据了解，这些部队不会参与战斗。
Kennedy wanted it to be South Vietnam fighting South Vietnam's war, with American help.
肯尼迪希望南越在美国的帮助下进行南越战争。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : And the idea is that guerilla fighters are going to win the hearts and minds of the populace against the Communists, that they're going to fight fire with fire, they're going to fight dirty if they have to, but they're also going to build schools and hospitals.
作家埃文·托马斯：这个想法是，游击战士将赢得民众的支持，反对共产党，他们将以牙还牙，如果必要的话，他们会进行肮脏的斗争，但他们也会建造学校和医院。
And the Green Berets get started in the military.
绿色贝雷帽开始参军。
The regular military doesn't really like this very much.
正规军不太喜欢这样。
But Bobby Kennedy likes it, and the Kennedys generally like it, and they go to demonstrations of Green Berets swinging from the branches and jumping from trees.
但鲍比·肯尼迪喜欢它，肯尼迪家族也普遍喜欢它，他们会观看绿色贝雷帽在树枝上荡来荡去和从树上跳跃的表演。
And it becomes a kind of fad, but really informs our early Vietnam policy.
它成为一种时尚，但确实影响了我们早期的越南政策。
We would go in there to fight a guerilla war.
我们会去那里打游击战。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : His preference is to use covert action and the CIA to build up allies in a state and let them fight the overt military conflict.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：他倾向于利用秘密行动和中央情报局在一个国家建立盟友，让他们对抗公开的军事冲突。
Kennedy was on the forefront of believing that these paramilitary activities were a better use of force.
肯尼迪率先相信这些准军事活动是更好地使用武力。
And American special forces officers could help as advisors.
美国特种部队军官可以作为顾问提供帮助。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : The more Kennedy talked about counterinsurgency in his press conferences, and the more the line was set that the Russian challenge was going to be informal warfare, the more everybody sort of climbed on board that boat.
托马斯·休斯，罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理：肯尼迪在新闻发布会上谈论反叛乱的次数越多，俄罗斯的挑战将是非正式战争的路线越明确，每个人就越多地爬上那艘船。
Bobby had a green beret on his desk in the Justice Department, to symbolize where our hearts and minds were.
鲍比在司法部的办公桌上有一顶绿色贝雷帽，象征着我们的心和思想所在。
Narrator: : The pressures of presidency were taking a heavy toll on Kennedy's health.
旁白：：总统职位的压力对肯尼迪的健康造成了沉重打击。
He required as many as seven injections of Novocain in his back in a single day, and was still often unable to bend over to put on his own socks.
他一天内需要在背部注射多达七次奴佛卡因，而且仍然经常无法弯腰穿自己的袜子。
He was on Codeine, Demerol and Methadone for pain, corticosteroids to control his Addison's disease, paregoric for his bad digestion.
他服用可待因、杜冷丁和美沙酮来缓解疼痛，服用皮质类固醇来控制阿狄森氏病，服用镇痛药来治疗消化不良。
He sometimes needed Nembutal to help him sleep.
他有时需要戊巴比妥来帮助他入睡。
His nights were often long and uncomfortable.
他的夜晚常常漫长且不舒服。
When the 44-year-old President was feeling down, or awake and pacing in the middle of the night, he would pick up the phone and call New York or Palm Beach or Hyannis Port, and hear the friendly voice of Joe Sr.
当这位44岁的总统情绪低落，或者半夜醒来踱步时，他会拿起电话拨打纽约、棕榈滩或海恩尼斯港，听到老乔友好的声音。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : He didn't intrude on specific policies, but the fact that he was there, that he could share his experience and his point of view, was very important to Jack.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：他没有干涉具体政策，但事实上他在那里，他可以分享他的经验和观点，这对杰克来说非常重要。
And in December of 1961, he had a debilitating stroke and never regained his power of speech.
1961 年 12 月，他患上了中风，使人衰弱，从此再也没有恢复说话的能力。
Kennedy would continue to call him on the phone, and would sort of fill him in on events and people and things that were happening, but all that he heard at the other end of he line were sort of guttural grunts in reply.
肯尼迪会继续给他打电话，向他介绍正在发生的事件、人物和事情，但他在线路另一端听到的只是回应的喉咙里的咕噜声。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : When somebody proposed writing a book about the first Kennedy year, he said, "Why would anybody want to write a book about disasters.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：当有人提议写一本关于肯尼迪第一年的书时，他说：“为什么有人想写一本关于灾难的书。
I've lost Bay of Pigs.
我失去了猪湾。
I had a terrible confrontation with Khrushchev in Vienna.
我在维也纳与赫鲁晓夫进行了一次可怕的对抗。
The Berlin Wall went up."
柏林墙拔地而起。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He sees his first year as a pretty miserable experience, and there's no significant gain he can point to either on the domestic or the foreign scene.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：他认为自己的第一年经历相当悲惨，无论是在国内还是在国外，他都没有取得任何重大进展。
And so he's badly frustrated.
所以他非常沮丧。
Narrator: : She didn't talk much, or give speeches; politics unnerved her.
旁白：：她话不多，也没有发表演讲；政治让她感到不安。
She was shy to begin with, and unsure how to find common ground with most of her fellow Americans.
她一开始很害羞，不知道如何与大多数美国同胞找到共同点。
But once Jacqueline Kennedy settled in as First Lady, she came to appreciate the singular advantage of life in the White House: she could be walled away from the general run of voters and still satisfy their hunger for her.
但一旦杰奎琳·肯尼迪就任第一夫人，她开始意识到白宫生活的独特优势：她可以远离普通选民，但仍然可以满足他们对她的渴望。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jackie was a great student of 18th and 19th century Europe.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯 (Sally Bedell-Smith)，编剧： 杰基是 18 世纪和 19 世纪欧洲的一位伟大学生。
And she really set out to create a kind of court in the White House.
她确实打算在白宫建立一个法庭。
Her dress designer, Oleg Cassini, even said that she wanted to create a Versailles in Washington, and part of that was not only to project elegance, but it was also to kind of raise the game and put a premium on celebrating beauty, first of all, and a level of intellectual engagement, and celebrating artists and writers and performers in ways that hadn't been done, certainly in the Eisenhower administration.
她的服装设计师奥列格·卡西尼 (Oleg Cassini) 甚至表示，她想在华盛顿打造一个凡尔赛宫，其中一部分不仅是为了展现优雅，也是为了提高游戏水平，首先重视美的庆祝，以及智力参与的水平，并以艾森豪威尔政府从未做过的方式庆祝艺术家、作家和表演者。
Narrator: : John Kennedy's taste ran more to political biography and spy novels, Sinatra and show tunes.
旁白：约翰·肯尼迪的品味更多地集中在政治传记和间谍小说、西纳特拉和表演音乐上。
So Jackie learned to strike hard bargains, like the time the President sent his press secretary, Pierre Salinger to ask her to attend a publicity event he couldn't make.
因此，杰基学会了讨价还价，就像有一次总统派他的新闻秘书皮埃尔·塞林格邀请她参加他无法参加的宣传活动。
Salinger failed.
塞林格失败了。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Jack Kennedy said, "I'll try." He went up.
理查德·里夫斯，作家：：杰克·肯尼迪说：“我会尝试。”他走了上去。
He was upstairs for 20 minutes, and he came back down and said she was going to do it.
他在楼上待了 20 分钟，然后下楼说她要这么做。
And Salinger said, "What did you have to give her?
塞林格说：“你要给她什么？
A new dress?" And he said, "Worse than that.
新衣服？”他说：“比那更糟糕。
Two symphonies."
两首交响曲。”
Narrator: : Jackie Kennedy spent much of her time and energy in the first year restoring the White House.
旁白：：杰基·肯尼迪在修复白宫的第一年花费了很多时间和精力。
She raised more than a million dollars for the project, hired an expert on American antiquities and decorative arts, along with her favorite interior designer from Paris, and remade the stodgy old pile.
她为这个项目筹集了超过一百万美元，聘请了一位美国古董和装饰艺术专家，以及她最喜欢的巴黎室内设计师，并重新改造了那堆乏味的旧建筑。
Her passion for the project was evident, which Dr. Martin Luther King learned when a Kennedy aide, Harris Wofford, sneaked him into the private residence for a meeting with the President.
她对这个项目的热情是显而易见的，马丁·路德·金博士在肯尼迪的助手哈里斯·沃福德偷偷潜入私人官邸与总统会面时了解到了这一点。
Harris Wofford, Special Assistant on Civil Rights: : Kennedy had to tell King that there would be no effort to get a civil rights bill through the first Congress.
民权事务特别助理哈里斯·沃福德：肯尼迪必须告诉金，第一届国会不会努力让民权法案获得通过。
And it was a great concern as to how King would take this.
人们非常关心金会如何看待这件事。
And we got in the elevator to go up, and it went down instead, and Jacqueline Kennedy got on, in jeans and soot on her face.
我们坐电梯要上行，电梯却下行了，杰奎琳·肯尼迪上了电梯，她穿着牛仔裤，脸上沾满煤烟。
And I introduced her to Dr. King, and she said, "Oh, Dr. King, I just wish you had been in the basement with me this morning, looking at Andrew Jackson furniture, you would have been thrilled down there." And we got off, and she said, "But you have other things to talk to Jack about, I know." And I thought to myself, she sounded a little wacky, a little bit, charming but wacky.
我把她介绍给金博士，她说：“哦，金博士，我真希望你今天早上和我一起在地下室，看看安德鲁·杰克逊的家具，你会在那里感到兴奋的。”我们下了车，她说：“但是我知道你还有其他事情要和杰克谈谈。”我心里想，她听起来有点古怪，有点，迷人但古怪。
King was completely mellowed by it.
King被它彻底软化了。
He said, "My!
他说：“天啊！
Wasn't that something?"
不是有什么事情吗？”
Narrator: : The First Lady was so pleased with the results that she agreed to unveil her handiwork to the American people, in an hour-long television special: "A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F.
旁白：第一夫人对结果非常满意，她同意在长达一小时的电视特别节目“与约翰·F·肯尼迪夫人一起参观白宫”中向美国人民展示她的杰作。
Kennedy."
肯尼迪。”
Charles Collingwood, CBS News (archival): : Mrs. Kennedy, I want to thank you for letting us visit your official home.
哥伦比亚广播公司新闻 (CBS News) 查尔斯·科林伍德 (Charles Collingwood)（档案）：：肯尼迪夫人，我要感谢您让我们参观您的官邸。
This is obviously the room from which much of your work on it is directed.
显然，您的大部分工作都是在这个房间进行的。
Jacqueline Kennedy (archival): : Yes, it's attic and cellar all in one.
杰奎琳·肯尼迪（档案）： ：是的，阁楼和地窖合二为一。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : She prepared assiduously for the day of shooting.
莎莉·比德尔·史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：她为拍摄当天做了不懈的准备。
The shooting took seven hours.
拍摄花了七个小时。
There were eight cameras.
有八个摄像机。
The producer, Perry Wolff, was amused that between takes, she smoked almost nonstop.
制片人佩里·沃尔夫（Perry Wolff）对她在拍摄间隙几乎不停地抽烟感到好笑。
And he saw that every time she smoked, she took her cigarette and she dumped the ash on the beautiful tapestry bench that she was sitting on.
他看到她每次抽烟时，都会拿起香烟，然后把烟灰倒在她坐的漂亮的挂毯长凳上。
But she performed impeccably.
但她的表现却无可挑剔。
Charles Collingwood, CBS News (archival): : Mrs. Kennedy do you spend a good deal of time in the Lincoln Room?
查尔斯·科林伍德 (Charles Collingwood)，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻（档案）：：肯尼迪夫人，您在林肯厅度过了很多时间吗？
Jacqueline Kennedy (archival): : We did in the beginning.
杰奎琳·肯尼迪（档案）：：我们一开始就这么做了。
It was where we lived when we first came here, when our rooms at the other end of the hall were being painted.
这是我们第一次来这里时住的地方，当时大厅另一端的房间正在粉刷。
I loved living in this room.
我喜欢住在这个房间里。
It's on the sunny side of the house, and one of Andrew Jackson's magnolia trees is right outside the window.
它位于房子向阳的一侧，安德鲁·杰克逊的一棵木兰树就在窗外。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : That night Perry Wolff stayed around and showed them some of the early rushes.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧： 那天晚上，佩里·沃尔夫（Perry Wolff）留下来，向他们展示了一些早期的匆忙作品。
And when the lights came up, Perry Wolff told me that he looked over at Jack and he saw a look of pure adoration and admiration.
当灯光亮起时，佩里·沃尔夫告诉我，他看着杰克，看到了一种纯粹的崇拜和钦佩的表情。
Narrator: : Wolff would later recall sitting behind the couple in the darkness, watching Jacqueline -- in an unguarded moment -- rest her head on her husband's shoulder as they watched her performance.
旁白：沃尔夫后来回忆起在黑暗中坐在这对夫妇身后，看着杰奎琳——在一个毫无防备的时刻——当他们观看她的表演时，她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上。
"There was an exchange of affection," Wolff noted, "that belied many of the stories I had heard."
“这是一种感情的交流，”沃尔夫指出，“这与我听到的许多故事不符。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : The fact of the matter is that even though he loves her, it doesn't deter him from having affairs.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：事实是，尽管他爱她，但这并不能阻止他发生外遇。
Evans Thomas, Writer: : John F.
埃文斯·托马斯，编剧：约翰·F.
Kennedy was for all his many, many qualities was reckless about his womanizing.
肯尼迪虽然有很多很多的品质，但他对女人的追求却是鲁莽的。
It was a long list of all different kinds: society matrons, 19-year-olds.
这是一长串各种各样的名单：上流社会的贵妇、19 岁的年轻人。
I mean, it just went on and on.
我的意思是，事情一直持续着。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : He was abetted by two of his closest aides, Ken O'Donnell and Dave Powers.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：他受到了他的两位最亲密的助手肯·奥唐纳（Ken O'Donnell）和戴夫·鲍尔斯（Dave Powers）的怂恿。
And also, most of the people who covered the White House in the press were well aware that Kennedy was engaging in private sexual escapades in the White House, in Palm Springs, in Malibu, in New York, and even during one of his summit meetings with Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in Nassau.
而且，大多数在媒体上报道白宫的人都清楚地知道，肯尼迪在白宫、棕榈泉、马里布、纽约，甚至在拿骚与总理哈罗德·麦克米伦举行的一次峰会期间，都在进行私人性行为。
Narrator: : Kennedy could be frank and self-aware about his behavior.
旁白：：肯尼迪对自己的行为可以坦率且有自知之明。
Once, when a friend asked why he took the risk, he said simply, "I guess it's because I just can't help it."
有一次，当一位朋友问他为什么要冒这个险时，他简单地说：“我想是因为我无法控制。”
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : You didn't raise the question of the Kennedy women anywhere around, I mean, although everybody knew what was going on.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：我的意思是，尽管每个人都知道发生了什么事，但你并没有在任何地方提出肯尼迪女性的问题。
The press was totally compliant with this and Kennedy felt he could depend upon them all.
媒体完全同意这一点，肯尼迪觉得他可以依赖他们所有人。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : There was a code among the political press not to speak of it, partly because it was mutual assured destruction.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：政治媒体有一条不许谈论它的准则，部分原因是它肯定会造成相互毁灭。
Everybody had a secret.
每个人都有一个秘密。
It wasn't that everyone had decided that this didn't matter.
并不是每个人都认为这不重要。
It was that simply that everybody had dirt on everybody else.
原因很简单，每个人都对其他人有污点。
And Kennedy was very comfortable in that environment, and that environment had protected him.
肯尼迪在那个环境中感到非常舒服，那个环境保护了他。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jackie did understand that this was an aspect of him that there was nothing she could do about.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：杰基确实明白，这是他的一个方面，而她对此无能为力。
And she made her peace with it.
她对此表示平静。
It sort of gave her a pass to go out and spend a lot of time in the country.
这似乎给了她一张出去并在乡下度过很多时间的通行证。
She took off on long, extended vacations.
她开始享受漫长的假期。
She went to Italy for a long time, and she basically every summer would spend her time in Hyannis, a good distance from the Kennedy compound and enjoy her solitude there.
她去了意大利很长一段时间，基本上每年夏天都会在距离肯尼迪大院很远的海恩尼斯度过，在那里享受孤独。
Narrator: : Jack was happy to join his wife, his daughter Caroline, and his son John Jr. in Hyannis Port when he could.
旁白：：杰克很高兴能在可能的情况下与他的妻子、女儿卡罗琳和儿子小约翰一起来到海恩尼斯港。
But politics kept him on the road much of that summer and into the fall, with midterm elections coming up.
但随着中期选举的临近，政治因素让他在那年夏天和秋天的大部分时间里都在路上。
William H.
威廉·H.
Lawrence, Journalist (archival audio): : Mr. Kennedy figures that by the end of this campaign alone, he will have traveled almost as far as all the Presidents in this century combined, in midterm elections.
记者劳伦斯（档案音频）：：肯尼迪先生认为，仅在这次竞选结束时，他在中期选举中的行程就几乎相当于本世纪所有总统的行程总和。
President Kennedy has deliberately, directly placed his personal prestige squarely on the line.
肯尼迪总统故意直接将他的个人威望置于危险之中。
He has taken this dangerous political gamble because the fate of his legislative program for the next two years hangs in the balance.
他进行了这场危险的政治赌博，因为他未来两年的立法计划的命运悬而未决。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : By the summer of 1962, the Kennedy administration had achieved very little.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：到 1962 年夏天，肯尼迪政府几乎没有取得什么成就。
The four major initiatives, they were blocked by southern conservatives, and so he's not able to get anything significant passed.
这四项重大倡议均遭到南方保守派的阻挠，因此他无法让任何重大举措获得通过。
Narrator: : Midterm elections were always nerve-wracking for a sitting President.
旁白：：中期选举对于现任总统来说总是令人伤脑筋。
And Kennedy had a personal stake in 1962: his 30-year-old brother Ted was running for his old Senate seat in Massachusetts.
1962 年，肯尼迪也有自己的利害关系：他 30 岁的弟弟泰德正在竞选他原来在马萨诸塞州的参议员席位。
The Republicans spent that campaign summer taking pages from the old Kennedy playbook, attacking the President for being weak on Communism.
共和党人在那个夏天的竞选活动中借鉴了肯尼迪的旧剧本，攻击总统在共产主义问题上软弱无力。
Kennedy was trying to project strength.
肯尼迪试图展现实力。
The President let the press know about the newly operational nuclear-armed missiles in Turkey, which were pointed at the Kremlin.
总统向新闻界通报了土耳其新投入使用的核武器导弹，其目标是克里姆林宫。
He maintained absolute silence on the historic and crucial back-channel exchange of personal letters he'd opened with Nikita Khrushchev.
他对他与尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫进行的历史性且重要的秘密私人信件往来保持绝对沉默。
Only Bobby and a few of his closest aides knew about that.
只有鲍比和他的一些最亲密的助手知道这件事。
The President had also entrusted his brother with the continuing problem of Fidel Castro and Cuba.
总统还委托他的兄弟解决菲德尔·卡斯特罗和古巴的持续问题。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : You would think that the Bay of Pigs was purely chastening, that it would cause them to see a yellow light and slow down, but actually Kennedys hit the gas.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：你可能会认为猪湾事件纯粹是一种惩罚，它会让他们看到黄灯并减速，但实际上肯尼迪一家猛踩油门。
They go faster.
他们走得更快。
They start Operation Mongoose to try to get rid of Castro.
他们开始猫鼬行动，试图除掉卡斯特罗。
Bobby Kennedy essentially takes over overseeing Covert Operations.
鲍比·肯尼迪实质上接管了秘密行动的监督工作。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : Bobby was an unremitting enthusiast about covert activities and kept pressing everybody.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：鲍比是一位对秘密活动的不懈热衷者，并不断向每个人施压。
I think they had weekly meetings.
我想他们每周都会开会。
Tuesday, I think, was the chosen day for Mongoose meetings, and there would be representatives from the Pentagon, from the CIA, from the State Department who'd go to these meetings, and they'd all be hectored by Bobby to do more.
我认为，星期二是猫鼬会议的选定日期，五角大楼、中央情报局、国务院的代表都会参加这些会议，他们都会受到鲍比的威胁，要求他们做更多的事情。
And he would use his crudest expressions to tell them they weren't doing enough, and they should get on the ball.
他会用他最粗鲁的表情告诉他们，他们做得还不够，他们应该开始行动。
Bobby would say there is no higher interest in the entire United States government than getting rid of Castro.
鲍比会说，整个美国政府最关心的莫过于除掉卡斯特罗。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Now there were already assassination plots underway that started in the Eisenhower administration, but they pick up a little bit of momentum under Bobby, all sorts of crazy stuff of using organized crime to kill Castro, to cause what the CIA called "boom and bang" on the island of Cuba, to try to disrupt Castro.
编剧埃文·托马斯：现在，从艾森豪威尔政府开始就有暗杀阴谋在进行，但在鲍比的领导下，他们有了一点动力，利用有组织犯罪杀死卡斯特罗的各种疯狂行为，在古巴岛上造成中央情报局所说的“轰隆隆”，试图扰乱卡斯特罗。
None of this stuff works.
这些东西都不起作用。
It's a complete failure.
这是一次彻底的失败。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : It was the most disastrous foreign policy combination you could imagine, because it wasn't effective enough to actually overthrow Castro, and it demonstrated to the Russians that they had to do something very dramatic if they were going to save their Cuban ally.
作家迈克尔·多布斯：这是你能想象到的最具灾难性的外交政策组合，因为它不足以有效地真正推翻卡斯特罗，而且它向俄罗斯人表明，如果他们要拯救他们的古巴盟友，他们必须做一些非常戏剧性的事情。
Deputy Director, CIA (archival audio): : This is a result of the photography taken Sunday, sir.
中央情报局副局长（档案音频）：：这是周日拍摄的照片的结果，先生。
There's a medium-range ballistic missile launch site and two new military encampments.
这里有一个中程弹道导弹发射场和两个新的军事营地。
CIA Analyst (archival audio): : Sir, we've never seen this kind of installation before.
中央情报局分析师（档案音频）：：先生，我们以前从未见过这种装置。
Narrator: : Kennedy had insisted, on the record, that his Administration would never stand for Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba.
旁白：：肯尼迪曾公开表示，他的政府绝不会支持苏联在古巴拥有核武器。
And Khrushchev had privately -- and secretly -- assured Kennedy the Soviets had no such plans.
赫鲁晓夫私下和秘密地向肯尼迪保证，苏联没有这样的计划。
But American reconnaissance flights had returned from Cuban airspace with photographic evidence: the Soviet missiles were already in country, waiting to be mated to nuclear warheads.
但美国侦察机从古巴领空返回并带有照片证据：苏联导弹已经抵达该国，等待与核弹头相结合。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : How do you know this is a medium-range ballistic missile?
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：你怎么知道这是一枚中程弹道导弹？
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : It's very bad.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：这非常糟糕。
It's bad on several levels.
这在几个层面上都很糟糕。
This whole back-channel operation is going to collapse if he can't even believe what the Soviets are telling him on something as important as this.
如果他甚至不能相信苏联人在如此重要的事情上告诉他的话，那么整个秘密渠道行动就会崩溃。
He made it clear to the Soviets that this would not be acceptable.
他向苏联人明确表示，这是不可接受的。
And yet they did it anyway.
但他们还是这么做了。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : The President is furious.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：总统很愤怒。
He realizes that he's been lied to by Khrushchev.
他意识到自己被赫鲁晓夫欺骗了。
Kennedy called his closest advisors together and they met in the Cabinet Room of the White House.
肯尼迪召集了他最亲密的顾问，他们在白宫内阁会议室会面。
There two questions: One, were the missiles ready to fire?
有两个问题：第一，导弹准备好发射了吗？
And the second question was how they were going to react.
第二个问题是他们将如何反应。
General Curtis LeMay (archival audio): : I just don't see any other solution except direct military intervention, right now.
柯蒂斯·勒梅将军（档案音频）：：目前，除了直接军事干预之外，我没有看到任何其他解决方案。
I think that a blockade and political talk would be considered by a lot of our friends and neutrals a pretty weak response to this, and I'm sure a lot of our own citizens would feel that way, too.
我认为我们的许多朋友和中立者会认为封锁和政治谈话是对此的相当软弱的反应，我相信我们自己的许多公民也会有这种感觉。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : The initial advice is, "Attack!
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：最初的建议是，“攻击！
Bomb!
炸弹！
Go in!
进去吧！
This is intolerable.
这是无法容忍的。
We've got to bomb Cuba or invade it." It's very aggressive.
我们必须轰炸古巴或入侵它。”它非常具有侵略性。
And his brother Robert, the Attorney General, wants to stage a provocation.
而他的弟弟、司法部长罗伯特则想要发起挑衅。
He says, "Let's sink the Maine or something" -- as an excuse to invade.
他说，“让我们击沉缅因号什么的”——以此作为入侵的借口。
Narrator: : In the first meetings of the President's Executive Committee -- the Ex-Comm -- the analysts all believed the Soviets were still a number of days away from having operable nuclear weapons in Cuba.
旁白： 在总统执行委员会（前委员会）的第一次会议上，分析人士都认为苏联距离在古巴拥有可使用的核武器还有几天的时间。
They couldn't even be certain the warheads were there yet.
他们甚至还不能确定弹头是否在那里。
Kennedy set the Air Force, the Navy and the Marines to contingency preparation, but he refused to green-light a military strike that first day, and the President let it be known that he wanted this kept quiet.
肯尼迪让空军、海军和海军陆战队做好应急准备，但他在第一天就拒绝为军事打击开绿灯，总统表示他希望此事保持沉默。
He didn't want the Soviets backed into a corner, or the American people in a panic, while he decided on the next move.
在他决定下一步行动时，他不希望苏联人被逼到墙角，也不想让美国人民陷入恐慌。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : It's hard to realize how frightened they were.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：很难意识到他们有多么害怕。
They really thought that war was near.
他们确实认为战争即将来临。
Jack stayed cool.
杰克保持冷静。
He was grim about it, but he was not panicked.
他对此很严肃，但并不惊慌。
Narrator: : Kennedy kept his announced schedule, including a meeting with the Soviet Ambassador, at which he revealed nothing.
旁白：：肯尼迪保留了他宣布的日程，包括与苏联大使的会面，但他没有透露任何内容。
He went out to dinner.
他出去吃晚饭了。
He traveled to Connecticut and Illinois for campaign events.
他前往康涅狄格州和伊利诺伊州参加竞选活动。
Five days into the crisis, with more Soviet ships steaming toward Cuba, and the Joint Chiefs pushing the President to begin bombing the island nation, Kennedy was still insisting on restraint.
危机发生五天后，随着更多的苏联船只驶向古巴，参谋长联席会议敦促总统开始轰炸这个岛国，肯尼迪仍然坚持克制。
The President settled on an idea Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara had suggested in an early meeting; Kennedy instructed the Navy to set up what he called a "quarantine" around Cuba and to turn back all Soviet vessels.
总统最终确定了国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉在一次早期会议上提出的想法；肯尼迪指示海军在古巴周围建立他所谓的“隔离区”，并遣返所有苏联船只。
In private letter on October 22nd, 1962, Kennedy told Khrushchev that he would protect the U.S. and its allies by doing "whatever must be done." Later that evening, the President went public, in a nationally televised speech, to alert the country to the danger at hand, and to demand the immediate removal of all Soviet missiles in Cuba.
1962年10月22日，肯尼迪在私人信中告诉赫鲁晓夫，他将采取“一切必须采取的行动”来保护美国及其盟友。当天晚上晚些时候，总统在全国电视讲话中公开警告全国面临的危险，并要求立即拆除古巴境内的所有苏联导弹。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union.
肯尼迪（档案）：这个国家的政策是，将古巴向西半球任何国家发射的任何核导弹视为苏联对美国的攻击，需要对苏联进行全面报复。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Part of Kennedy's motivations during the missile crisis was also shoring up his domestic political position, and showing that he could be tough with Khrushchev without plunging the whole world into a nuclear war.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：肯尼迪在导弹危机期间的部分动机也是为了巩固他的国内政治地位，并表明他可以对赫鲁晓夫采取强硬态度，而不会让整个世界陷入核战争。
That was the fine line that he was trying to tread during the missile crisis.
这就是他在导弹危机期间试图踩过的界限。
Man on the street (archival): : I'd hate like heck to see us go to war, but if it's necessary to prevent a nuclear war, I think the action has to be taken.
街上的人（档案）：：我非常讨厌看到我们开战，但如果有必要防止核战争，我认为必须采取行动。
Woman on the street (archival): : Well I think it's high time we stopped Russia from having things their own way.
街上的女人（档案）： ：嗯，我认为现在是我们阻止俄罗斯为所欲为的时候了。
Narrator: : President Kennedy was not certain how to proceed.
旁白：：肯尼迪总统不确定如何进行。
He lacked good low-level aerial photos of the Soviet missile site, so he kept dispatching U-2 reconnaissance planes on dangerous missions within range of anti-aircraft guns in Cuba.
他缺乏苏联导弹阵地的良好低空航拍照片，因此他不断派遣U-2侦察机在古巴高射炮射程内执行危险任务。
And even if the missions were successful, there would still be more questions than answers.
即使任务成功，问题仍然多于答案。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : The CIA told him that there were 8,000 Soviet technicians in Cuba.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：中央情报局告诉他，古巴有 8,000 名苏联技术人员。
In fact, there were 43,000 heavily armed Soviet soldiers on Cuba at that point.
事实上，当时古巴有 43,000 名全副武装的苏联士兵。
The Soviets possessed, in addition to these longer-range missiles that could hit the United States, they also possessed shorter-range tactical nuclear weapons that could have been used to wipe out the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo or a U.S. invading force.
苏联除了拥有可以击中美国的远程导弹外，还拥有可以用来消灭美国关塔那摩海军基地或美国入侵部队的短程战术核武器。
Kennedy didn't know any of that.
肯尼迪对此一无所知。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : He gets bad advice from everybody.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：他从每个人那里都得到了不好的建议。
All of his appointees, his chosen advisors.
所有他任命的人，他选择的顾问。
And they're all over the place, and they change their own views frequently.
而且他们到处都是，而且经常改变自己的观点。
But in each case, Kennedy was delaying.
但在每一次事件中，肯尼迪都在拖延。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : His experience in the military made him even more skeptical and more cautious than he might otherwise have been.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：他在军队的经历使他比其他人更加怀疑和谨慎。
Kennedy's nightmare scenario during the missile crisis was that war would start without either him or Nikita Khrushchev really wanting it.
导弹危机期间，肯尼迪的噩梦场景是，战争在他或尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫都没有真正想要的情况下就开始了。
Somebody would make a mistake, and there would be a spiraling chain of events that would quickly get out of control.
有人会犯错误，然后一系列事件就会螺旋式上升，很快就会失控。
Narrator: : On October 24, two days after Kennedy's public warning to Khrushchev, new U.S. reconnaissance photographs revealed that work at the missile sites in Cuba was accelerating.
旁白：10月24日，也就是肯尼迪向赫鲁晓夫公开警告两天后，美国新的侦察照片显示，古巴导弹基地的工作正在加速进行。
Kennedy understood he had to allow the Joint Chiefs to put the military on a hair trigger; the Air Force's Strategic Air Command went on high alert.
肯尼迪明白他必须允许参谋长联席会议对军队采取一触即发的行动。空军战略空军司令部进入高度戒备状态。
The President also understood the chance of unintended action sparking a war grew by the hour.
总统还明白，意外行动引发战争的可能性与日俱增。
There was no hotline between the White House and the Kremlin, no opportunity for real-time dialogue between himself and Khrushchev.
白宫和克里姆林宫之间没有热线电话，他和赫鲁晓夫之间没有实时对话的机会。
Both men were talking tough, but they were both sending other, less martial signals, hoping those signals would get through the noise.
两个人都在说话强硬，但他们都发出了其他不那么军事化的信号，希望这些信号能够穿过噪音。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Khrushchev ordered, early on, his missile-carrying ships to turn back from Cuba, because he wanted to avoid an immediate confrontation with the President.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：赫鲁晓夫很早就下令他的导弹运载舰从古巴返回，因为他想避免与总统立即发生对抗。
And at a certain point he decided to offer a tradeoff.
在某个时刻，他决定提供一个折衷方案。
He said that, "I'm willing to withdraw my missiles from Cuba if you withdraw your missiles from Turkey." And at one point, all of Kennedy's advisors are against accepting that deal.
他说：“如果你从土耳其撤走导弹，我愿意从古巴撤走我的导弹。”有一次，肯尼迪的所有顾问都反对接受这项协议。
The only man in the room who thinks this is a way out of the crisis is the President himself.
房间里唯一认为这是摆脱危机的出路的人是总统本人。
Narrator: : In the private residence, Jackie Kennedy remembered, "there was no waking or sleeping." And her husband had upped his daily dose of steroids to keep his Addison's under control.
旁白：：在私人住宅中，杰基·肯尼迪记得，“没有醒来或睡觉的情况。”她的丈夫增加了每天服用类固醇的剂量，以控制艾迪生病。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : Everybody went to bed night after night that last week, wondering what was going to happen the next day, and the Joint Chiefs were busy planning to strike the Soviet Union and Cuba, on a moment's notice.
托马斯·休斯，罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理：上周，每个人都夜复一夜地睡觉，想知道第二天会发生什么，而参谋长联席会议正忙着计划立即袭击苏联和古巴。
General LeMay, sure enough, was true to form all the way through the Cuban missile crisis.
果然，勒梅将军在古巴导弹危机期间始终保持着坚定的信念。
I mean, let's unleash the nuclear weapons that he had his SAC command roaring around, ready to go, any day, any minute.
我的意思是，让我们释放核武器，他让他的战略空军司令部咆哮着，随时准备出发，任何一天，任何分钟。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Kennedy came under a lot of criticism both from the military and also Congressmen who were briefed on the crisis, who felt that he should be taking tougher action against Khrushchev.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：肯尼迪受到了来自军方和听取了危机简报的国会议员的大量批评，他们认为他应该对赫鲁晓夫采取更强硬的行动。
And his reaction essentially was: Well, they're not the ones making the decision.
他的反应基本上是：嗯，他们不是做决定的人。
Robert Caro, Writer: : What you see in the Cuban missile crisis is Jack Kennedy pulling the nation back from the edge of war.
作家罗伯特·卡罗：你在古巴导弹危机中看到的是杰克·肯尼迪将国家从战争边缘拉了回来。
We're talking here about nuclear war.
我们在这里谈论核战争。
Narrator: : Kennedy made one overriding calculation: that Nikita Khrushchev was as horrified at the prospect of nuclear Armageddon as he was.
旁白：肯尼迪做了一个压倒性的计算：尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫和他一样对核世界末日的前景感到震惊。
The President let that calculation -- his alone -- be his guide.
总统让这个计算——他自己的计算——成为他的指导。
And he gambled on it.
他对此进行了赌博。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : He gave Khrushchev space.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：他给了赫鲁晓夫空间。
He gave him space when other people were unwilling to give him any space at all.
当别人根本不愿意给他任何空间的时候，他却给了他空间。
Narrator: : Kennedy had already pulled back the quarantine line to delay confrontation.
旁白：：肯尼迪已经拉开了隔离线以推迟对抗。
And on October 25th, against the advice of the ExComm, he instructed the Navy to allow a Soviet oil tanker to breach the quarantine and enter the port in Havana.
10月25日，他不顾执行委员会的建议，指示海军允许一艘苏联油轮突破检疫进入哈瓦那港口。
But on the 12th day of the crisis, Saturday, October 27th, things started to go awry.
但在危机发生的第 12 天，即 10 月 27 日星期六，事情开始出现问题。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Black Saturday was probably the day the world came closer than ever before or since to a nuclear war.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），编剧：：黑色星期六可能是世界比以往任何时候或此后更接近核战争的一天。
Many things started happening on Black Saturday, including a U-2 spy plane stumbling over the Soviet Union, which Kennedy reacted to that by saying, "There's always some son-of-a-bitch that doesn't get the word." Both leaders, Khrushchev and Kennedy, were beginning to lose control over their own forces.
许多事情从黑色星期六开始发生，包括一架 U-2 间谍飞机在苏联上空跌跌撞撞，肯尼迪对此作出反应说：“总有一些王八蛋不明白这一点。”赫鲁晓夫和肯尼迪两位领导人都开始失去对自己军队的控制。
Narrator: : The Soviets seemed intent on testing the quarantine line that Saturday.
旁白：：那个星期六，苏联人似乎有意测试隔离线。
A U.S. ship dropped depth charges on a Soviet submarine in the Caribbean.
一艘美国舰艇在加勒比海向一艘苏联潜艇投掷深水炸弹。
And, most harrowing, an American spy plane on a mission over Cuba fell off the radar.
最令人痛心的是，一架在古巴上空执行任务的美国间谍飞机从雷达上消失了。
Robert Caro, Writer: : You hear the moment on the tape.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：你在磁带上听到了这一时刻。
A messenger comes into the room.
一名使者走进房间。
You hear Jack Kennedy, for a moment he's flustered.
你听到杰克·肯尼迪的声音，他有一瞬间很慌张。
Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense (archival audio): : The U-2 was shot down.
罗伯特·麦克纳马拉，国防部长（档案音频）：：U-2 被击落。
They fired against our low-altitude surveillance.
他们向我们的低空监视开火。
Robert Caro, Writer: : We have said that if Russia shoots down one of our U-2 reconnaissance planes, we will immediately retaliate.
作家罗伯特·卡罗：我们说过，如果俄罗斯击落我们的一架 U-2 侦察机，我们将立即进行报复。
We'll immediately bomb that missile site that took out the plane, and then we will prepare for an all-out invasion.
我们将立即轰炸摧毁飞机的导弹发射场，然后我们将准备全面入侵。
And you hear in the background this chorus of voices: "We said we'll retaliate.
你会在背景中听到齐声说道：“我们说过我们会报复。
We have to do it right now."
我们必须现在就做。”
Maxwell Taylor, General (archival audio): : We should retaliate against the SAM site, and announce that if any other planes are fired on, we will come back and...
麦克斯韦·泰勒将军（档案音频）：我们应该对 SAM 站点进行报复，并宣布如果有任何其他飞机遭到射击，我们将回来......
It looked good then and it still looks good to me.
当时看起来不错，现在对我来说仍然很好。
Robert Caro, Writer: : You know what Kennedy says?
作家罗伯特·卡罗：你知道肯尼迪说什么吗？
He says, "Well, let's take a break, gentlemen."
他说：“好吧，先生们，我们休息一下吧。”
Time and again, when the hawks in that room, when the Joint Chiefs of Staff are insisting on invading, Kennedy pulls them back.
一次又一次，当那个房间里的鹰派、当参谋长联席会议坚持入侵时，肯尼迪将他们拉回来。
He says, "Let's go to dinner now and talk about the Jupiter missiles.
他说：“我们现在去吃晚饭，谈谈木星导弹。
Let's talk about a trade."
我们来谈谈交易吧。”
Narrator: : Kennedy could see the chance for a peaceful solution was slipping away, so he chose the person he most trusted, brother Bobby, to take an urgent message to the Soviet Ambassador in Washington.
旁白：：肯尼迪看到和平解决的机会正在消失，因此他选择了他最信任的人，鲍比兄弟，向苏联驻华盛顿大使传达紧急信息。
He was proposing a way out, which involved the U.S. giving up a set of redundant weapons -- the newly installed Jupiter missiles in Turkey.
他提出了一条出路，其中包括美国放弃一套多余的武器——土耳其新安装的木星导弹。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : Kennedy repeats his demand for Khrushchev to pull out, says that time is of the essence, if Khrushchev pulls his missiles out of Cuba, the U.S. will over the next few weeks pull its missiles out of Turkey.
迈克尔·多布斯，作家：：肯尼迪重申了他对赫鲁晓夫撤军的要求，他说时间至关重要，如果赫鲁晓夫从古巴撤出导弹，美国将在未来几周内从土耳其撤出导弹。
The President was willing to back down, pull out the American missiles from Turkey, but only if that was kept secret.
总统愿意让步，从土耳其撤走美国导弹，但前提是保密。
Robert Caro, Writer: : The Strategic Air Command bombers are circling over the Arctic, waiting for the "go" signals.
罗伯特·卡罗，编剧：战略空军司令部轰炸机正在北极上空盘旋，等待“出发”信号。
Other bombers, in the United States, they're being handed their target packets to bomb Russia the next day.
其他轰炸机，在美国，他们将在第二天轰炸俄罗斯。
In Florida, the Fifth Marine Expeditionary Force is readying for the invasion -- an invasion, war.
在佛罗里达州，第五海军陆战队远征军正在为入侵做好准备——一场入侵、战争。
If Russia's drawn into it -- and it will be, these are Russians on Cuba -- nuclear war.
如果俄罗斯卷入核战争——而且确实会卷入，这些是古巴的俄罗斯人。
Radio Moscow (archival audio): : This is radio Moscow.
莫斯科广播电台（档案音频）： ：这是莫斯科广播电台。
Premier Khrushchev just sent a message to President Kennedy today...
赫鲁晓夫总理今天刚刚给肯尼迪总统发了一条信息……
The Soviet government has ordered the dismantling of weapons in Cuba, as well as their crating and return to the Soviet Union...
苏联政府已下令拆除古巴境内的武器，并将其装箱运回苏联......
Robert Caro, Writer: : Khrushchev accepts.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：赫鲁晓夫接受了。
And he signs his telegram, "With respect, Khrushchev."
他在电报上签了字：“谨此致意，赫鲁晓夫。”
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Progress is now being made toward the restoration of peace in the Caribbean.
肯尼迪（档案）：：加勒比地区的和平恢复目前正在取得进展。
And it is our firm hope and purpose that this progress shall go forward.
我们坚定地希望和致力于推动这一进展。
We will continue to keep the American people informed on this vital matter.
我们将继续向美国人民通报这一重要问题。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : The outcome of the missile crisis was more than dumb luck.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：导弹危机的结果不仅仅是运气。
I think had somebody else been in the White House at that point as president, the outcome could have been very different.
我认为，如果当时由其他人担任总统，结果可能会非常不同。
I don't want to praise the President too much.
我不想过多赞扬总统。
I think he made many blunders, but he managed to get the Soviet missiles removed from Cuba, and he did so without triggering a nuclear war.
我认为他犯了很多错误，但他成功地将苏联导弹从古巴撤走，而且没有引发核战争。
It was not self-evident that that would happen.
这种情况的发生并不是不言而喻的。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Did he do a victory dance in public after Khrushchev withdrew the missiles?
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：赫鲁晓夫撤回导弹后，他是否在公开场合跳了胜利舞？
No. And he was very explicit about why not, and he said it to his team: "Don't embarrass him.
不。他非常明确地解释了为什么不，他对他的团队说：“不要让他难堪。
Don't humiliate him.
别羞辱他。
We won.
我们赢了。
It's good enough."
已经足够好了。”
Narrator: : Kennedy was not so bashful about using the outcome of the missile crisis to maximum domestic political effect.
旁白：：肯尼迪并不羞于利用导弹危机的结果来实现最大的国内政治影响。
The President invited a few of his closest reporter friends to the White House for private briefings on the events in Cuba.
总统邀请了几位最亲密的记者朋友到白宫，就古巴发生的事件进行私人简报。
Then, he demanded a chance to emend and improve their stories about the crisis.
然后，他要求有机会修改和改进他们关于危机的故事。
The Administration never did disclose the secret trade-off of U.S. missiles in Turkey.
政府从未透露美国导弹在土耳其的秘密交易。
Instead, under the President's direction, they embroidered the already-fanciful tale of the U.S. Navy turning back Soviet ships...
相反，在总统的指示下，他们绣出了美国海军击退苏联船只的荒诞故事……
what Kennedy's Secretary of State called, the "eyeball-to-eyeball" confrontation between the President and Khrushchev.
肯尼迪的国务卿称之为总统与赫鲁晓夫之间的“眼球对眼球”对抗。
Michael Dobbs, Writer: : That never happened.
迈克尔·多布斯（Michael Dobbs），作家：：那从未发生过。
Khrushchev had already decided to turn his ships around, and turned them around the previous day.
赫鲁晓夫已经决定调转他的船只，并且在前一天就调转了。
But it helped them build up this myth of the President as the determined leader facing down his opposite number in the Soviet Union.
但这帮助他们建立了这样一个神话：总统是一位坚定的领导人，可以对抗苏联的对手。
That was politically useful to the Kennedys for some time.
在一段时间内，这对肯尼迪家族来说在政治上是有用的。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : The Cuban missile crisis establishes Kennedy's credibility at home.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：古巴导弹危机确立了肯尼迪在国内的信誉。
He can now talk to the American people in different terms.
他现在可以用不同的方式与美国人民交谈。
He's now earned his spurs as a Cold Warrior.
他现在已经赢得了冷战战士的称号。
He has actually crossed the threshold of credibility on national security affairs.
他在国家安全事务上实际上已经跨过了可信度的门槛。
The Cuban missile crisis was a game changer for his presidency.
古巴导弹危机改变了他的总统任期。
Narrator: : He entered the second half of his term with a new kind of confidence.
旁白：：他带着一种新的信心进入了任期的后半段。
Kennedy's Democrats had held on to all but four House seats in the midterms and maintained a healthy majority.
肯尼迪领导的民主党在中期选举中保住了除四个众议院席位之外的所有席位，并保持了绝对多数。
His youngest brother Teddy had won election to the Senate, where Democrats had gained a few seats.
他最小的弟弟泰迪赢得了参议院选举，民主党赢得了一些席位。
Three in four Americans approved of the way President Kennedy was handling his job.
四分之三的美国人认可肯尼迪总统处理工作的方式。
He was popular enough to bridge the yawning gap between politics and celebrity.
他的受欢迎程度足以弥合政治和名人之间巨大的鸿沟。
Naomi Brossart, as Jacqueline Kennedy (archival audio): : Yes, I should like to ask a question about...
娜奥米·布罗萨特饰演杰奎琳·肯尼迪（档案音频）：是的，我想问一个关于……的问题。
Vaughn Meader, as John F.
沃恩·米德 饰 John F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : Would you identify yourself, please?(laughter)
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：请问您能表明一下自己的身份吗？（笑声）
Narrator: : A comedy album by a little-known impersonator named Vaughn Meader was the hit of holiday season 1962.
旁白：：一位名叫沃恩·米德 (Vaughn Meader) 的名不见经传的模仿者创作的喜剧专辑在 1962 年的节日期间大受欢迎。
Naomi Brossart, as Jacqueline Kennedy (archival audio): : Yes, I should like to ask the following question ...
娜奥米·布罗萨特饰演杰奎琳·肯尼迪（档案音频）：：是的，我想问以下问题......
(speaking French)
（说法语）
Narrator: : The First Family sold a record-breaking seven and a half million copies in just six months.
旁白：：《第一家庭》在短短六个月内售出了破纪录的七百五十万张。
Reporter (archival): : Mr. President, it's been a long time since a President and his family have been subject to such a heavy barrage of teasing and fun-poking and satire, and now a smash hit record.
记者（档案）：总统先生，已经很久没有一位总统及其家人遭受如此猛烈的戏弄、取笑和讽刺了，现在又成了一个红极一时的记录。
Can you tell us whether you read and listen to these things and whether they produce annoyment or enjoyment?
你能告诉我们你是否读过或听过这些东西，它们是否会带来烦恼或享受？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Annoyment.
肯尼迪（档案）：：烦恼。
No they produce-- Yes, I have read them and listened to them.
不，他们生产——是的，我读过它们，也听过它们。
Actually I listened to Mr. Meader's record but I thought it sounded more like Teddy than it did me.
事实上，我听了米德先生的唱片，但我觉得它听起来比我听起来更像泰迪。
(laughter)
（笑声）
Narrator: : The President understood political gold dust when he saw it, and Caroline and John were impossible to miss.
旁白：总统一看到政治金粉就明白了，卡罗琳和约翰是不可能错过的。
He occasionally snuck his favorite photographers into the White House for photo ops, when the First Lady wasn't around to run interference.
当第一夫人不在场进行干涉时，他偶尔会偷偷把他最喜欢的摄影师带到白宫拍照。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : Why do the leaves fall?
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：为什么树叶会落下？
Why does the snow come on the ground?
雪为什么会落在地上？
...
...
Why are the leaves green?...And why do we go to Cape...?
为什么叶子是绿色的？...我们为什么要去海角...？
Narrator: : John Kennedy had come to fatherhood relatively late, but he clearly enjoyed the role, as he enjoyed being an uncle, and, with Joe Sr. debilitated, the Kennedy family patriarch.
旁白：约翰·肯尼迪成为父亲的时间相对较晚，但他显然很喜欢这个角色，因为他喜欢当叔叔，而且在老乔衰弱的情况下，他也喜欢成为肯尼迪家族的族长。
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Niece: : He wanted us to come over to the White House.
凯瑟琳·肯尼迪·汤森，侄女：：他希望我们去白宫。
He was my brother Joe's godfather, and I was always looking at the first edition of books and the scrimshaws and the prints that my brother Joe would get.
他是我哥哥乔的教父，我总是在看我哥哥乔会得到的第一版书籍、草稿和印刷品。
So, I thought, he was a really, really thoughtful godparent and took it seriously.
所以，我想，他是一位非常非常有思想的教父母，并且非常认真地对待这件事。
Sandy Vanocur, NBC News (archival): : Have you found that there's anyway to break through to Mr. Khrushchev, to make him really aware that you are quite sincere and determined about what you say, sir?
桑迪·瓦诺库尔（Sandy Vanocur），NBC新闻（档案）：：先生，您是否发现有办法向赫鲁晓夫先生打动，让他真正意识到您所说的话是非常真诚和坚定的？
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Well it is difficult, I think you see the Soviet Union and the United States so far separated in their beliefs, we believing in a world of independent, sovereign, different, diverse nations, they believing in a monolithic Communist world, and you put the nuclear equation into that struggle, that is what makes this, as I said before, such a dangerous time and that we must proceed with firmness and also with the best information we can get and also with care.
肯尼迪（档案）：嗯，这很困难，我认为你看到苏联和美国在信仰上迄今存在分歧，我们相信一个由独立、主权、不同、多样化国家组成的世界，他们相信一个单一的共产主义世界，而你将核等式纳入这场斗争中，正如我之前所说，这就是为什么现在是一个如此危险的时刻，我们必须坚定地前进，并利用我们能获得的最佳信息，并小心谨慎。
Narrator: : In the first months of 1963, the President was determined to use his increased standing with the American public to take a chance: to attempt to re-make the frayed relationship with the Soviet Union.
旁白： 1963 年的头几个月，总统决心利用他在美国公众中日益提高的地位来冒险：尝试重建与苏联的紧张关系。
But other events crowded him.
但其他事件却让他感到拥挤。
Despite rosy reports from his closest advisers, things were not going well in Vietnam.
尽管他最亲密的顾问给出了乐观的报告，但越南的事情进展并不顺利。
The man whose government Kennedy was backing, Ngo Dinh Diem, had dwindling popular support there.
肯尼迪支持的吴庭艳政府在那里的民众支持率正在下降。
Diem's army in the field appeared incapable of holding off the under-trained and barely-weaponized North Vietnamese Communists, and this despite the fact that Kennedy had quadrupled the number of American troops in Vietnam, in little more than a year, to nearly 12,000.
尽管肯尼迪总统在一年多一点的时间里将驻越美军数量增加了四倍，达到近 12,000 人，但吴庭艳的战场军队似乎无法抵挡训练不足且几乎没有武器的北越共产党人。
Many of these "advisors" were doing actual fighting and dying, in spite of Kennedy's repeated denials.
尽管肯尼迪一再否认，但这些“顾问”中的许多人都在进行实际的战斗并死去。
The issue of segregation -- in Alabama in particular -- was a loaded powder keg.
种族隔离问题——尤其是在阿拉巴马州——是一个装满了火药桶的问题。
And the new governor there, George Wallace, was waving a match.
那里的新任州长乔治华莱士正在挥舞一根火柴。
George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (archival): : I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the seat of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever.
阿拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士（档案）：：我在尘埃中划定界限，向暴政所在地发出挑战，我说现在实行种族隔离，明天实行种族隔离，永远实行种族隔离。
Narrator: : Wallace had won the governorship by running against what he called "federal intrusion" by the "integratin', scalawaggin', carpet-baggin' liars." Once in office, he kept his white supremacists supporters stirred to a foaming rage.
旁白：华莱士通过反对他所谓的“整合、流氓、地毯式骗子”的“联邦入侵”赢得了州长职位。上任后，他让白人至上主义者的支持者们怒不可遏。
But the integrationists in Alabama were no longer in a mood to back down.
但阿拉巴马州的融合主义者不再有退缩的心情。
Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference: : We informed the White House that we would be starting a movement there.
安德鲁·杨（Andrew Young），南方基督教领袖会议：我们通知白宫我们将在那里发起一场运动。
And for us the issue was that there had been 60 unsolved bombings that were black people's homes, who were bombed for nothing.
对我们来说，问题是有 60 起未解决的爆炸事件是黑人的房屋，他们被无缘无故地炸了。
Almost any night, somebody might drive through that neighborhood and throw a stick of dynamite on a front porch, or a Molotov cocktail.
几乎每个晚上，都会有人开车穿过那个街区，在前廊上扔一根炸药，或者扔一杯燃烧弹。
Narrator: : That April, the movement launched a series of boycotts, sit-ins, and marches protesting segregation and "the blatant misuse of local police power" to support it.
旁白：那年四月，该运动发起了一系列抵制、静坐和游行，抗议种族隔离和“公然滥用当地警察权力”来支持它。
"This is," the activists proclaimed, "Birmingham's moment of truth."
“这是，”活动人士宣称，“伯明翰的关键时刻。”
The growing protests drew reporters and photographers from around the country.
日益激烈的抗议活动吸引了来自全国各地的记者和摄影师。
Kennedy would not take a public stand against segregation there, not even when Police Commissioner Bull Connor began filling the city jails with marchers.
肯尼迪不会公开反对那里的种族隔离，即使警察局长布尔康纳开始在城市监狱里挤满游行者。
On May 2nd alone, Connor arrested nearly a thousand children who had joined the protest.
仅5月2日一天，康纳就逮捕了近千名参加抗议的儿童。
The next day, more than 3,000 high school students marched into the streets of downtown Birmingham.
第二天，3000多名高中生游行到伯明翰市中心的街道上。
Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference: : We were in the process of dispersing the crowd, because we did not want any violence.
南方基督教领袖会议安德鲁·杨（Andrew Young）：：我们正在驱散人群，因为我们不希望发生任何暴力。
And so my back was turned to Bull Connor and the dogs, because we were trying to get the young people to move out of the park and go back to the church.
所以我背对着布尔·康纳和狗，因为我们试图让年轻人搬出公园，回到教堂。
And then all of a sudden the fire hose start and the dogs come charging.
然后突然消防水带启动，狗冲过来。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Jack Kennedy was very conscious of images.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：杰克·肯尼迪非常注重形象。
When the television cameras and Life magazine arrived down South, that's the moment when the federal government cannot sit back anymore.
当电视摄像机和《生活》杂志到达南方时，联邦政府就不能再袖手旁观了。
Narrator: : Kennedy still shied from taking a side.
旁白：：肯尼迪仍然回避站在一边。
The President deputized a Justice Department official to go to Alabama and help get a deal to end "the spectacle," as he called it.
总统委托司法部官员前往阿拉巴马州，帮助达成协议以结束他所说的“奇观”。
But he refused to push Congress to solve this problem once and for all, by passing federal civil rights legislation that applied everywhere in America.
但他拒绝敦促国会通过适用于美国各地的联邦民权立法，一劳永逸地解决这个问题。
The solution, he insisted, would have to be worked out by Birmingham itself.
他坚持认为，解决方案必须由伯明翰自己制定。
The protesters did agree to take a break as negotiations began, but as soon as a tentative deal was reached, the segregationists started a new firebombing campaign.
抗议者确实同意在谈判开始时休息一下，但一旦达成初步协议，种族隔离主义者就开始了新的燃烧弹运动。
Kennedy sent 3,000 federal troops to the city to keep the peace.
肯尼迪派遣了 3,000 名联邦军队前往该市维持和平。
He was worried, he said, that "the Negroes will be uncontrollable."
他说，他担心“黑人将无法控制”。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : This government will do whatever must be done to preserve order, to protect the lives of its citizens, and to uphold the law of the land.
肯尼迪（档案）：本届政府将采取一切必要措施来维护秩序、保护公民的生命并维护国家法律。
Narrator: : The President was vague on just what that "law" was.
旁白：：总统对于“法律”的含义含糊其辞。
He still didn't ask Congress to consider a civil rights bill.
他仍然没有要求国会考虑民权法案。
Kennedy appeared, like the white moderates Martin Luther King despaired of, "more devoted to 'order' than to justice."
肯尼迪似乎像马丁·路德·金所绝望的白人温和派一样，“更致力于‘秩序’而不是正义”。
Kennedy was anxious to pivot back to his preferred agenda: the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.
肯尼迪急于回到他喜欢的议程：美国和苏联之间的关系。
On June 10th, 1963, Kennedy stepped to the podium at American University to make what he hoped would be the signature speech of the first term of his presidency.
1963 年 6 月 10 日，肯尼迪走上美利坚大学的讲台，发表他希望成为其总统第一任期的标志性演讲。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Today the expenditure of billions of dollars every year on weapons acquired for the purpose of making sure we never need them is essential to keeping peace.
肯尼迪（档案）：如今，每年花费数十亿美元购买武器，以确保我们永远不需要它们，这对于维护和平至关重要。
But surely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles -- which can only destroy and never create -- is not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace.
但可以肯定的是，获取此类闲置库存——这只会摧毁，永远不会创造——并不是确保和平的唯一手段，更不是最有效的手段。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He calls on the Americans and the Soviets to recognize that they need to think in terms of a new day in this Cold War conflict; that the world is too much hostage to these nuclear weapons; that it is so impermissible to think of having this kind of all-out conflict.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克：他呼吁美国人和苏联人认识到，他们需要以新的一天来思考这场冷战冲突；世界太多地受制于这些核武器；发生这种全面冲突的想法是绝对不允许的。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : Kennedy gave, certainly intellectually, one of the best speeches ever given by an American president.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：肯尼迪的演讲无疑是美国总统有史以来最好的演讲之一。
And that was that maybe we got off on the wrong track.
那就是我们可能走错了路。
And maybe the Cold War is not necessary.
也许冷战没有必要。
I mean, it raised the most basic questions about why are we doing this.
我的意思是，它提出了关于我们为什么要这样做的最基本的问题。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : History teaches us that enmities between nations, as between individuals, do not last forever.
肯尼迪（档案）：历史告诉我们，国家之间和个人之间的敌意不会永远持续下去。
No government or social system is so evil that its people must be considered as lacking in virtue.
没有一个政府或社会制度邪恶到其人民被认为缺乏道德的程度。
Among the many traits the peoples of our two countries have in common, none is stronger than our mutual abhorrence of war.
在我们两国人民的众多共同点中，最强烈的莫过于我们对战争的共同厌恶。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : This was the first time an American president said the Soviets are like us.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：这是美国总统第一次说苏联人和我们一样。
It was the first time he asked the American people to think beyond stereotypes and the Cold War, and think about the fact that this was a matter of the future of the human race.
这是他第一次要求美国人民超越刻板印象和冷战，思考这事关人类未来的事实。
Narrator: : The American University speech got big play behind the Iron Curtain the next day, but in the United States, more dramatic events were leading the national newscasts.
旁白： 第二天，美国大学的演讲在铁幕后面引起了轰动，但在美国，更戏剧性的事件正在引领全国新闻广播。
George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (archival): : As Governor and chief magistrate of Alabama, I deem it to be my solemn obligation and duty to stand before you, representin' the rights and sovereignty of this ...
乔治华莱士，阿拉巴马州州长（档案）：：作为阿拉巴马州州长和首席治安法官，我认为站在你们面前代表这个州的权利和主权是我庄严的义务和责任......
Narrator: : Alabama -- in the person of its "Segregation Forever" Governor -- was back in the news.
旁白：：阿拉巴马州——以其“永远种族隔离”的州长的身份——又回到了新闻中。
George Wallace was making a show of blocking black students from attending the state university there.
乔治·华莱士（George Wallace）表演了阻止黑人学生进入那里的州立大学的表演。
George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (archival): : The illegal and unwarranted actions of the central government on this day, contrary to the laws, customs, and traditions of this state, is calculated to disturb the peace.
阿拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士（档案）：：中央政府在这一天的非法和无理行为违反了该州的法律、习俗和传统，蓄意扰乱和平。
Narrator: : Kennedy had been ignoring Vice President Johnson's advice to look Southerners "in the eye" and tell them that integration was a "moral" and "Christian" issue.
旁白：：肯尼迪一直无视副总统约翰逊的建议，“直视南方人的眼睛”并告诉他们融合是一个“道德”和“基督教”问题。
Watching Wallace's posturing, Kennedy decided, for the first time in his career, to risk his political standing in the South by taking the side of integration.
看到华莱士的姿态，肯尼迪在他的职业生涯中第一次决定冒着自己在南方政治地位的风险，站在一体化一边。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : There was an argument in the White House between Sorensen, Bobby, and the President.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：索伦森、鲍比和总统在白宫发生了争执。
And the President said, "I want to go on television tonight, talk about this." They didn't want him to.
总统说：“我今晚想上电视，谈论这个。”他们不想让他这么做。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : President Kennedy decides to go on national television that night, and give a speech calling for a civil rights act to end discrimination in the South.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：肯尼迪总统决定当晚在国家电视台发表演讲，呼吁通过民权法案结束南方的歧视。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : We are confronted primarily with a moral issue.
肯尼迪（档案）：我们面临的主要是道德问题。
It is as old as the Scriptures and is as clear as the American Constitution.
它与圣经一样古老，与美国宪法一样清晰。
The heart of the question is whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights and equal opportunities.
问题的核心是是否所有美国人都享有平等的权利和平等的机会。
Narrator: : John F.
旁白：：约翰·F.
Kennedy finally called for federal legislation ending segregation.
肯尼迪最终呼吁联邦立法结束种族隔离。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act, to make a commitment it has not fully made in this century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law.
肯尼迪（档案）：下周我将要求美国国会采取行动，做出本世纪尚未完全做出的承诺，即种族在美国生活或法律中没有地位。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : It's done in such a hurry-up fashion that when the TV lights go on and Kennedy begins to read his speech, it's not finished.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：一切都以一种匆忙的方式完成，以至于当电视灯亮起肯尼迪开始宣读他的演讲时，它还没有结束。
One of the most important speeches of his presidency, he's winging it for the last third.
这是他总统任期内最重要的演讲之一，他在最后三分之一的时间里即兴发挥。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : We have a right to expect that the Negro community will be responsible, will uphold the law.
肯尼迪（档案）：我们有权期望黑人社区将负责并维护法律。
They have a right to expect the law will be fair, that the Constitution will be colorblind as Justice Harlan said at the turn of the century.
他们有权期望法律是公平的，正如哈伦法官在世纪之交所说的那样，宪法将是色盲的。
This is what we're talking about, and this is a matter which concerns this country and what it stands for, and in meeting it I ask the support of all of our citizens.
这就是我们正在讨论的问题，这是一个关系到这个国家及其代表的问题，在满足这个问题时，我请求我们所有公民的支持。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : May and June of 1963 are a pivot in the Kennedy presidency because it's the first moment that he's willing to use the presidency as a bully pulpit to shape public opinion, to lead public opinion.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：1963 年 5 月和 6 月是肯尼迪总统任期的关键时刻，因为这是他第一次愿意利用总统职位作为影响公众舆论、引导公众舆论的讲坛。
And that's when presidents are at their greatest.
那是总统最伟大的时候。
Narrator: : The President flew across the Atlantic that summer, with the wind at his back, and the eyes of the world upon him.
旁白：那年夏天，总统乘风飞越大西洋，全世界的目光都注视着他。
One of the first stops was the city he'd protected from Soviet domination -- West Berlin.
第一站是他保护免受苏联统治的城市——西柏林。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He goes in June of 1963 on something of a victory lap.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克 (Robert Dallek)：1963 年 6 月，他踏上了胜利的一圈。
It's quite triumphant.
真是太胜利了。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words, "Ich bin ein Berliner."
肯尼迪（档案）：：所有自由人，无论居住在哪里，都是柏林公民，因此，作为一个自由人，我为“Ich bin ein Berliner”这句话感到自豪。
Thomas Hughes, Assistant to Robert Kennedy: : The Berlin speech and the million Germans that came out to hear him had a profound effect.
罗伯特·肯尼迪的助理托马斯·休斯：柏林演讲和前来聆听他演讲的数百万德国人产生了深远的影响。
This was Kennedy the statesman and the politician combined.
这就是政治家和政治家的结合体肯尼迪。
And he says to Sorensen, "We'll never have a day like this in our whole political lives."
他对索伦森说：“在我们的整个政治生涯中，永远不会有这样的一天。”
Robert Dallek, Historian: : And then of course he goes to Ireland, where he is feted as the prodigal son who has returned home, who comes back to his roots.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：然后他当然去了爱尔兰，在那里他被视为回归家乡、回归本源的浪子。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : George Bernard Shaw, speaking as an Irishman, summed up an approach to life: Other people, he said, "see things and say, 'Why?' But I dream things that never were, and I say, 'Why not?'" The problems of the world cannot possibly be solved by skeptics or cynics, whose horizons are limited by the obvious realities.
肯尼迪（档案）：：萧伯纳以爱尔兰人的身份总结了一种生活方式：他说，其他人“看到事物并说，‘为什么？’”但我梦想着从未有过的事情，我说，‘为什么不呢？’”怀疑论者或愤世嫉俗者不可能解决世界上的问题，他们的视野受到明显现实的限制。
We need men who can dream of things that never were, and ask why not?
我们需要能够梦想从未发生过的事情的人，并问为什么不呢？
Jean Kennedy Smith, Sister: : We came home after that, at the Cape, the big house we call it, which is where my parents lived.
珍·肯尼迪·史密斯（Jean Kennedy Smith）修女：：我们在那之后回到了家，在海角，我们称之为大房子，那是我父母住的地方。
And we went to the big house for movies on the weekends.
周末我们还去大房子看电影。
So we called Jack out when he came back from Ireland, and we said, "What's the movie for the weekend?" He said, "Well you come over and see, I thought you'd all want to see what my -- the trip to Ireland." So, we all sat and watched his trip to Ireland.
所以当杰克从爱尔兰回来时，我们叫他出去，然后问他：“周末看什么电影？”他说：“好吧，你们过来看看，我想你们都想看看我的——爱尔兰之旅。”所以，我们都坐下来观看他的爱尔兰之旅。
It was fantastic.
太棒了。
We loved it, we clapped, and everything was wonderful.
我们喜欢它，我们鼓掌，一切都很棒。
And then the next night he said, "I thought maybe you missed a little bit of the trip to Ireland." Then we said, "No, no, that's fine." We went back, saw it again.
第二天晚上，他说：“我想你可能错过了爱尔兰之行。”然后我们说：“不，不，没关系。”我们回去了，又看到了。
And the third night, Sunday night, he said, "Just to cover it completely, we just have one more look, my trip to Ireland." I mean, he was so happy.
第三天晚上，也就是周日晚上，他说，“为了完全掩盖它，我们再看一看，我的爱尔兰之旅。”我的意思是，他太高兴了。
He loved being President.
他喜欢当总统。
Yes, he did.
是的，他做到了。
He loved being President.
他喜欢当总统。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Yesterday a shaft of light cut into the darkness.
肯尼迪（档案）：：昨天，一束光划破了黑暗。
Negotiations were concluded in Moscow on a treaty to ban all nuclear tests in the atmosphere, in our outer space, and under water.
关于禁止在大气层、外层空间和水下进行所有核试验的条约的谈判在莫斯科结束。
Narrator: : Kennedy and Khrushchev negotiated an agreement on a nuclear test ban in July of 1963, just six weeks after the American University message.
旁白：： 1963 年 7 月，即美国大学发出信息六周后，肯尼迪和赫鲁晓夫就禁止核试验达成了协议。
It was a limited agreement, and still had to be ratified by the Senate -- but it was an agreement.
这是一项有限的协议，仍需参议院批准——但它是一项协议。
Richard Reeves, Writer: : No one ever thought that you could get any kind of treaty involving nuclear missiles.
理查德·里夫斯（Richard Reeves），作家：：没有人想过可以达成任何涉及核导弹的条约。
And Kennedy and Khrushchev did it.
肯尼迪和赫鲁晓夫做到了。
There's never been a treaty like it before.
以前从未有过这样的条约。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : The nuclear test ban proved two things: One, that you could actually have an agreement with the Soviets; and two, that you could convince the Soviets to take a step -- granted, not a huge step -- towards a more peaceful world where there was less danger of nuclear war.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：核试验禁令证明了两件事：第一，你实际上可以与苏联达成协议；第二，你可以与苏联达成协议。第二，你可以说服苏联迈出一步——当然，这不是一个巨大的步骤——迈向一个更加和平的世界，那里核战争的危险较小。
Robert Dallek, Historian: : He had used the power of his office to face down the Soviets in the missile crisis.
历史学家罗伯特·达莱克（Robert Dallek）：：他利用自己办公室的权力在导弹危机中击败了苏联。
He had stood up to them.
他勇敢地面对他们。
He had recouped the setbacks he had suffered over the Bay of Pigs and over the Vienna summit and that he was on his way to a second term, that could lead maybe to some kind of détente with the Soviet Union.
他已经挽回了在猪湾事件和维也纳峰会上遭受的挫折，而且他即将进入第二个任期，这可能会导致与苏联的某种缓和。
Narrator: : His closest friends said Jack Kennedy seemed more settled than they'd seen him in years.
旁白：：他最亲密的朋友说，杰克·肯尼迪看上去比他们多年来见到的他更加安定。
Jackie Kennedy would say it was the most time the family ever shared.
杰基·肯尼迪会说这是全家人在一起度过的最长时间。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jackie was pregnant with their third child, that they were very excited about.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：杰基怀上了他们的第三个孩子，他们对此感到非常兴奋。
And that summer, up in Hyannis Port, they spent a lot of time together, and their friends commented on how close they seemed.
那年夏天，他们在海恩尼斯港度过了很多时间，他们的朋友评价说他们看起来多么亲密。
And then Jackie went into labor prematurely in August, and had Patrick, who was suffering from hyaline membrane disease, which at that point was extremely serious.
然后杰基在八月份早产了，生下了帕特里克，帕特里克患有透明膜病，当时情况非常严重。
They took him to Boston and Jack sat there in a chair outside this hyperbaric chamber and waited.
他们把他带到波士顿，杰克坐在高压舱外的椅子上等待。
Pierre Salinger, Press Secretary (archival): : Patrick Kennedy died at 4:04 a.m.
新闻秘书皮埃尔·塞林格（档案）：帕特里克·肯尼迪于凌晨 4 点 04 分去世。
The strain of the baby's attempts to breath, with the problems with his lungs, caused his heart to expire.
婴儿呼吸困难，加上肺部出现问题，导致他的心脏衰竭。
The President, his brother the Attorney General, and the President's friend Dave Powers, were with the baby when he died.
总统去世时，总统、他的兄弟司法部长和总统的朋友戴夫·鲍尔斯都在他身边。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : They celebrated their 10th anniversary in September and she and wrote to a friend who had introduced them.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：他们在九月份庆祝了结婚十周年，她写信给一位介绍他们的朋友。
It was a kind of bittersweet letter, because she said that she felt that Jack could have had a full and vital life without being married to her, but, to her, being married to him and loving him was everything.
这是一封苦乐参半的信，因为她说她觉得杰克不嫁给她也可以过充实而有活力的生活，但对她来说，嫁给他并爱他就是一切。
So it was clear that she was very much in love with him and in many ways they did draw closer together.
很明显，她非常爱他，而且在很多方面他们的关系确实越来越近。
Reporter (archival): : Mr. President, Dr. Teller, in urging the Senate to reject the nuclear test ban today, said that it weakens American defenses and thus invites attack.
记者（档案）：总统先生，泰勒博士今天敦促参议院否决核试验禁令，他说这削弱了美国的防御，从而招致攻击。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): : Now, to anyone who works in the laboratories today a 30 megaton weapon is perhaps not as sophisticated as a 60 or 70 or 80 megaton weapon, but it's still many, many, many times, dozens of times stronger, than the weapon that flattened Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
肯尼迪（档案）：现在，对于当今在实验室工作的任何人来说，30 兆吨的武器可能不如 60、70 或 80 兆吨的武器那么复杂，但它仍然比夷平广岛和长崎的武器强大许多、许多、许多倍、几十倍。
How many weapons do you need and how many megatons do you need to destroy?
您需要多少武器以及需要摧毁多少百万吨？
I said in my speech what we now have on hand without any further testing will kill 300 million people in one hour, and I suppose they can even improve on that if it's necessary.
我在演讲中说过，我们现在手头上没有任何进一步测试的情况将在一小时内杀死 3 亿人，我认为如果有必要，他们甚至可以对此进行改进。
Narrator: : The President understood he still had plenty of rough water ahead.
旁白：：总统明白，前方仍有大量汹涌的水流。
Ratification of the test ban treaty was not assured.
禁止试验条约的批准尚未得到保证。
Civil rights legislation was jammed up in committee; a simple vote on the House or Senate floor seemed unlikely.
民权立法在委员会中陷入困境；在众议院或参议院进行简单的投票似乎不太可能。
Vietnam was a mess.
越南一片混乱。
Diem's government had squandered what little popular support it had.
吴庭艳政府浪费了仅有的一点民众支持。
Its military was still unable to stand up to the Communist-led North Vietnamese.
它的军队仍然无法对抗共产党领导的北越。
American casualties were on the rise.
美军伤亡人数不断上升。
And American reporters on the ground were starting to tell that story to their readers back home.
当地的美国记者开始向国内的读者讲述这个故事。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Kennedy's got this problem.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：肯尼迪遇到了这个问题。
He doesn't want the Viet Cong, which are the Communists there, to win.
他不希望越共（即那里的共产党）获胜。
But what do you do if the government you're supporting, and the government whose army you are supplying, is corrupt?
但是，如果你所支持的政府以及你所提供的军队的政府腐败，你该怎么办？
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Different parts of Kennedy's own government are telling him different things.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），作家：：肯尼迪政府的不同部门正在告诉他不同的事情。
Some people are saying we should get rid of Diem, have a coup d'état; other people are saying that's a terrible idea.
有人说我们应该推翻吴庭艳，发动政变；其他人则说这是一个糟糕的主意。
Kennedy has basically lost control of the Vietnam policy-making part of his government, and he knows it.
肯尼迪基本上已经失去了对其政府越南政策制定部分的控制，他也知道这一点。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : Monday, November 4th, 1963: Over the weekend the coup in Saigon took place, culminated three months of uh conversation about a coup, comma, a conversation which divided the government here and in Saigon...
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：1963 年 11 月 4 日星期一：周末西贡发生了政变，三个月来关于政变的呃对话达到了顶峰，逗号，一场分裂了这里和西贡政府的对话......
Narrator: : The President had set in motion the overthrow of Diem, without really thinking through the consequences.
旁白：：总统发起了推翻吴廷琰的行动，但没有真正考虑后果。
Three days after the event, in which Diem and his brother were assassinated, Kennedy was still trying to make sense of it.
吴庭艳和他的兄弟被暗杀事件发生三天后，肯尼迪仍在试图弄清楚这件事的意义。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival audio): : ...
肯尼迪（档案音频）：：...
I feel that we must bear a good deal of responsibility for it.
我觉得我们必须为此承担很大的责任。
The way he was killed made it particularly abhorrent.
他被杀的方式尤其令人憎恶。
The question now is whether the generals can stay together and build a stable government.
现在的问题是将军们能否团结起来并建立一个稳定的政府。
Narrator: : Kennedy was finally beginning to understand how risky was his investment in Southeast Asia.
旁白：：肯尼迪终于开始明白他在东南亚的投资有多大风险。
The President's instinct was still to exert control, without calling attention to it.
总统的本能仍然是施加控制，而不引起人们的注意。
He told his ambassador in Saigon, Henry Cabot Lodge, that the U.S. was going to "intensify our efforts" to help the new government there.
他告诉驻西贡大使亨利·卡伯特·洛奇，美国将“加大力度”帮助那里的新政府。
His military leaders called for more American ground troops, sanctioned to fight against the Communist North.
他的军事领导人呼吁派遣更多美国地面部队来对抗共产主义北方。
Kennedy wanted to weigh all the options -- from a troop increase to a troop withdrawal.
肯尼迪想要权衡所有的选择——从增兵到撤军。
John Kennedy's prospects for a second term looked good in the fall of 1963, despite the problems in Vietnam.
1963 年秋天，尽管越南问题不断，但约翰·肯尼迪的连任前景看起来还是不错的。
But there was work to be done, particularly in Texas, the state that had been crucial to his victory in 1960.
但还有很多工作要做，特别是在德克萨斯州，这个州对他 1960 年的胜利至关重要。
The 1964 election -- his re-election -- was just a year away, and it wasn't going to be easy to campaign openly for civil rights legislation and still win majorities in the South.
距离 1964 年的选举——他的连任——只有一年的时间，公开竞选民权立法并仍然在南方赢得多数席位并不容易。
The state party in Texas was already beginning to fracture, so the President decided to mend some political fences and fundraise with conservative governor John Connally.
德克萨斯州的党派已经开始分裂，因此总统决定修补一些政治关系，并与保守派州长约翰·康纳利筹集资金。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : He needs Texas.
历史学家蒂莫西·纳夫塔利 (Timothy Naftali)：：他需要德克萨斯州。
He's got to win Texas again, and he's got to raise money for the campaign.
他必须再次赢得德克萨斯州，他必须为竞选筹集资金。
Jacqueline doesn't really want to go, but he's asked her to come with him.
杰奎琳其实不太想去，但他邀请她一起去。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : Jackie had never accompanied Jack on a domestic trip.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），编剧：：杰基从未陪伴杰克进行过国内旅行。
This was her first one.
这是她的第一次。
They decided to take little three-year-old John with them on the helicopter to Andrews Air Force Base.
他们决定带着三岁的小约翰乘坐直升机前往安德鲁斯空军基地。
And he cried when they left, and Kennedy gave him a big hug.
他们离开时他哭了，肯尼迪给了他一个大大的拥抱。
Robert Caro, Writer: : As Air Force One is heading toward Dallas, the weather clears.
罗伯特·卡罗（Robert Caro），作家：：当空军一号飞往达拉斯时，天气晴朗。
And one of Kennedy's aides, Larry O'Brien, says, "Kennedy weather."
肯尼迪的一位助手拉里·奥布莱恩说：“肯尼迪的天气。”
It's a glittering, bright Texas sun.
这是德克萨斯州灿烂的阳光。
So everything's shining.
所以一切都闪闪发光。
Everything's gleaming: Air Force One, the great silver plane.
一切都闪闪发光：空军一号，一架伟大的银色飞机。
The door opens, and it seems like the Kennedys are gleaming.
门打开了，肯尼迪家族似乎闪闪发光。
Newscaster (archival): : There's Mrs. Kennedy and the crowd yells, and the President of the United States.
新闻播音员（档案）：：肯尼迪夫人和人群在欢呼，还有美国总统。
And I can see his suntan all the way from here.
从这里我可以看到他晒黑的皮肤。
Robert Caro, Writer: : The plan was for them to get right into the car, but the crowd is so excited along the fence, they're all reaching out to try to touch this beautiful couple.
编剧罗伯特·卡罗：原计划是让他们直接上车，但围墙边的人群非常兴奋，他们都伸出手来试图触摸这对美丽的情侣。
And they walk along -- how could they resist?
他们一路走着——他们怎么能抗拒呢？
They get into the car and the motorcade pulls out for Dallas.
他们上了车，车队开往达拉斯。
The Kennedys are in the first car; in the jump seats are John Connally and Nellie Connally, his wife.
肯尼迪一家坐在第一节车厢里；坐在折叠座位上的是约翰·康纳利和他的妻子内莉·康纳利。
Down the sidewalks, from the curb to the buildings, are crammed solid with people.
人行道上，从路边到建筑物，都挤满了人。
From every window people are reaching out and yelling and screaming.
人们从每个窗口伸出手来大喊大叫。
Every time Jackie waves, the crowd presses forward, and every time Jack waves, they press forward, so that the motorcade has to go slower, from 20 miles to 15 miles to 10 miles to five miles.
杰基每次挥手，人群就向前压，杰克每次挥手，他们就向前压，这样车队就得放慢速度，从20英里到15英里，再到10英里，再到5英里。
Nellie Connally turns to the President and says, "Mr. President, you certainly can't say that Dallas doesn't love you." And she says Jack Kennedy looked at her and gave her this big smile.
内莉·康纳利转向总统说：“总统先生，你当然不能说达拉斯不爱你。”她说杰克·肯尼迪看着她，给了她一个大大的微笑。
Edwin Newman, NBC News (archival audio): : This is Edwin Newman in the NBC newsroom in New York, this information from Dallas.
埃德温·纽曼，NBC 新闻（存档音频）： ：我是纽约 NBC 新闻编辑室的埃德温·纽曼，此信息来自达拉斯。
Two priests who were with President Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds.
与肯尼迪总统在一起的两名牧师表示，肯尼迪总统因枪伤而死亡。
This is the latest information we have from Dallas...
这是我们从达拉斯获得的最新信息......
Girl on street (archival): : I really couldn't say, really.
街头女孩（档案）： ：我真的不能说，真的。
Right now I just don't know what to do.
现在我只是不知道该怎么办。
Reporter (archival): : Was there much emotion in the Cathedral?
记者（档案）：：大教堂里有很多情绪吗？
Priest on street (archival): : There was.
街上的牧师（档案）：：有。
It really was amazing to see the number of men who came into the cathedral sobbing, almost convulsed with sorrow, anguish.
看到这么多人进入大教堂哭泣，几乎因悲伤和痛苦而抽搐，真是令人惊讶。
Man on street (archival): : But all we can do now is pray for him and that's about all we can do.
街上的人（档案）：：但我们现在能做的就是为他祈祷，这就是我们所能做的。
An entire loss to the world, it's hardly believable.
世界的全部损失，简直令人难以置信。
Evan Thomas, Writer: : Jack Kennedy was the most glamorous, attractive President of the United States we've ever had, and that we'll ever have.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），编剧：杰克·肯尼迪是我们有史以来、并且将来也将拥有的最有魅力、最有魅力的美国总统。
That alone holds your fascination.
仅此一点就足以让你着迷。
And he had enormous promise.
他有着巨大的希望。
Now, it was unfulfilled.
现在，却没有实现。
It was not realized.
但它并没有被意识到。
He probably wasn't as great as he appeared to be.
他或许并没有看上去那么伟大。
But he sure felt that way.
但他确实有这种感觉。
Sally Bedell-Smith, Writer: : He is, as is always the case with people who die at a young age, he's fixed in everybody's mind in the way he looked in his "viguh," in his sense of humor, in his informal style.
莎莉·比德尔-史密斯（Sally Bedell-Smith），作家：：就像那些英年早逝的人一样，他在每个人的脑海中都以他的“维格”形象、他的幽默感和他的非正式风格固定下来。
Timothy Naftali, Historian: : Kennedy sets so much in motion in such a short period of time that the outcome of each narrative was unclear.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），历史学家：：肯尼迪在如此短的时间内采取了如此多的行动，以至于每个叙述的结果都不清楚。
Harris Wofford, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: : We will never know whether he would have been a great president.
美国民权委员会哈里斯·沃福德：我们永远不会知道他是否会成为一位伟大的总统。
I'd bet on him, but we didn't have that chance.
我敢打赌他，但我们没有这个机会。
Some say that JFK's call to Coretta Scott King changed the course of history.
有人说肯尼迪对科雷塔·斯科特·金的通话改变了历史的进程。
Stories about the 35th president from those who knew him well.
来自熟悉第 35 任总统的人的故事。
Some strange, some coincidental, but all true facts about John F.
关于约翰·肯尼迪的一些奇怪的、一些巧合的但都是真实的事实。
Kennedy.
肯尼迪.
Kennedy believed his meeting with the Soviet premier would be a lesson in compromise.
肯尼迪相信他与苏联总理的会面将成为妥协的教训。
But it was clear Khrushchev was unwilling to negotiate.
但赫鲁晓夫显然不愿意谈判。
"...my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country." JFK
“……我的美国同胞们：不要问你的国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的国家做什么。”肯尼迪机场
Jackie Kennedy created a new culture of elegance in the White House.
杰基·肯尼迪在白宫创造了一种新的优雅文化。
Kennedy grew up in a family defined by wealth, Catholicism, Democratic politics, and patriarchal control.
肯尼迪成长于一个以财富、天主教、民主政治和父权控制为特征的家庭。
Beyond the glamour, behind the charm, lies the true story of JFK.
魅力之外，魅力背后还有肯尼迪的真实故事。
Watch his life as never before in a stunning portrait from American Experience.
在这幅令人惊叹的美国经历肖像中，以前所未有的方式观看他的生活。
When a Japanese destroyer split his PT-109 boat in half, Kennedy felt it was his duty to get his men to safety.
当一艘日本驱逐舰将他的 PT-109 艇劈成两半时，肯尼迪觉得他有责任让他的士兵安全抵达安全地带。
Jackie Kennedy set out to restore the White House and make it a center of art and culture.
杰基·肯尼迪着手修复白宫，使其成为艺术和文化中心。
JFK's short time in office was marked by several major events.
肯尼迪短暂的执政期间发生了几件重大事件。
Explore them in this timeline.
在此时间轴中探索它们。