Influenza 1918
Hello, I'm David McCullough .
你好，我是大卫·麦卡洛。
Welcome to The American Experience.
欢迎来到美国体验。
David McCullough, Series Host: Hello and welcome to The American Experience.
系列主持人大卫·麦卡洛：大家好，欢迎来到《美国经历》。
I'm David McCullough.
我是大卫·麦卡洛。
In Boston the stock market closed.
波士顿股市休市。
In Pennsylvania a statewide order shut down every place of amusement, every saloon.
在宾夕法尼亚州，一项全州范围的命令关闭了所有娱乐场所、所有酒吧。
In Kentucky the Board of Health prohibited public gatherings of any kind, even funerals.
在肯塔基州，卫生委员会禁止任何形式的公共集会，甚至包括葬礼。
In 1918 America was caught up in the last horrific year of World War I.
1918 年，美国正处于第一次世界大战最后可怕的一年。
Yet the war had nothing to do with the extreme measures being taken.
然而，战争与所采取的极端措施无关。
Deadly influenza, the so-called "Spanish-flu," was sweeping the country, spreading terror everywhere.
致命的流感，即所谓的“西班牙流感”，正在席卷全国，到处蔓延着恐怖。
The first documented deaths were in Boston.
第一个有记录的死亡事件发生在波士顿。
Explanations were offered, but in fact no one had an answer.
虽然有人给出了解释，但实际上没有人给出答案。
Viruses were still largely unknown.
病毒在很大程度上仍然是未知的。
But then to this day that particular flu virus is still one of the mysteries of the story.
但直到今天，这种特殊的流感病毒仍然是这个故事的谜团之一。
Once started, the disease moved west in lethal waves that appeared to follow the lines of the railroads.
一旦开始，这种疾病就会以致命的浪潮向西传播，似乎沿着铁路线传播。
The speed with which it killed was appalling, the loss of life unimaginable.
它杀人的速度令人震惊，生命损失难以想象。
By the time it had run its course in America, the epidemic took more than 600,000 lives.
当这种流行病在美国蔓延时，已夺去了超过 60 万人的生命。
It would be as if today, with our present population, more than 1,400,000 people were to die in a sudden outbreak for which there was no explanation and no known cure.
就好像今天，就我们目前的人口而言，超过 1,400,000 人将死于一场突然爆发的疾病，而这种疾病没有任何解释，也没有已知的治疗方法。
It was said every family lost someone.
据说每个家庭都失去了一个人。
Certainly it seemed that way.
当然看起来是这样。
I know my own family was no exception.
我知道我自己的家人也不例外。
Sarah Cowles, my great aunt--Sarah McCullough before she married--was one of 50,000 cases in Pittsburgh, and one of the 4,500 who died there--in just one medium-sized city.
我的曾姨婆萨拉·考尔斯（Sarah McCullough）结婚前是匹兹堡的 50,000 例病例之一，也是该市 4,500 例死亡病例之一，而这只是一个中等城市。
Could it happen again.
会不会再发生一次。
Yes, indeed, which is part of the haunting power of this film.
是的，确实如此，这就是这部电影令人难以忘怀的力量的一部分。
Influenza 1918 ...
1918年流感...
People didn't want to believe that they could be healthy in the morning and dead by nightfall, they didn't want to believe that.
人们不愿意相信他们可能早上健康，晚上就死去，他们不愿意相信这一点。
NARRATION: It was the worst epidemic this country has ever known.
旁白：这是这个国家有史以来最严重的流行病。
It killed more Americans than all the wars this century -- combined.
它杀死的美国人比本世纪所有战争的总和还多。
REAY: It was a phantom...
雷伊：那是幻影……
[PAUSE] We didn't know where it was.
[暂停]我们不知道它在哪里。
MAXWELL: In a gradual remorseless way, it kept moving closer and closer.
麦克斯韦：以一种逐渐无情的方式，它越来越近。
TONKEL: You never knew from day to day who was going to be next on the death list.
TONKEL：你每天都不知道谁会成为死亡名单上的下一个。
FANNIN: There were so many people dying that you ran out of things that you'd never considered running out of before - caskets.
范宁：有太多人死去，以至于你用完了以前从未考虑过的东西——棺材。
NARRATION: Before it was over, it almost broke America apart.
旁白：在一切结束之前，它几乎让美国四分五裂。
MILANI: I remember my mother putting a white sheet or a white piece of cloth over his face and they closed the casket...
米兰尼：我记得我母亲用一张白床单或一块白布盖住他的脸，然后他们关上了棺材......
A DEADLY NEW DISEASE NARRATION: In 1918, the United States was a vigorous young nation, leading the world into the modern age.
一种致命的新疾病叙述：1918年，美国是一个充满活力的年轻国家，引领世界进入现代时代。
All our fears and anxieties were directed toward Europe, where the war raged; at home, we were safe.
我们所有的恐惧和焦虑都指向战争肆虐的欧洲；在家里，我们很安全。
William Maxwell was growing up in Lincoln, Illinois.
威廉·麦克斯韦在伊利诺伊州林肯长大。
WILLIAM MAXWELL: In 1918 Lincoln was a town of 12,000 people.
威廉·麦克斯韦：1918 年，林肯是一个拥有 12,000 人的小镇。
It was perhaps 50 years old, just time enough for the trees to mature so that the branches met over the sidewalks....
大概有 50 年的树龄了，刚好够树木成熟，让树枝在人行道上交汇……
Yards were large, the children played in clusters in the summer evenings.
院子很大，夏天的晚上孩子们成群结队地玩耍。
On Sunday morning the church bells were pretty to hear.
周日早上，教堂的钟声很悦耳。
But my father had had enough of church going so we went fishing on Sunday, out in the country with a picnic.
但我父亲已经厌倦了去教堂，所以我们周日去钓鱼，并在乡下野餐。
It was a life not very much impinged on by the outside world....
这是一种不受外界影响的生活......
NARRATION: In Macon, Georgia, Cathryn Guyler was five years old.
旁白：在佐治亚州梅肯，凯瑟琳·盖勒五岁。
CATHRYN GUYLER: My father was a playmate actually and when he'd take me out in his car, he would stop at, at grocery store that he knew and take me in and the owner of the store, in his white uniform, would say to his men, [CLAPS HANDS] 'Go out and shake the candy tree, boys.'....I think I must have known that candy didn't grow on that tree, but I wouldn't have given up the notion because he was enjoying it and I was enjoying it and everybody was enjoying it, you see.
凯瑟琳·盖勒：我父亲实际上是一个玩伴，当他带我开车出去时，他会在他认识的杂货店停下来带我进去，店主穿着白色制服，会对他的手下说，[拍手]“出去摇动糖果树，孩子们。”……我想我一定知道糖果不会长在那棵树上，但我不会放弃这个想法，因为他是你看，我很享受，每个人也很享受。
NARRATION: For a young newspaper woman in Denver, Katherine Anne Porter, life was like a romantic novel.
旁白：对于丹佛一位年轻的女报人凯瑟琳·安妮·波特来说，生活就像一部浪漫小说。
PORTER: I had a job on the Rocky Mountain News.
波特：我在《落基山新闻》工作。
The city editor put me to covering theaters.
城市编辑让我去报道剧院。
I met a boy, an army lieutenant...
我遇到了一个男孩，一个陆军中尉......
we were much in love.
我们非常相爱。
NARRATION: The soldier was the darling of America.
旁白：士兵是美国的宠儿。
Patriotism ran unrestrained in a country newly entered in the Great War.
在一个刚刚参加第一次世界大战的国家，爱国主义肆无忌惮。
ANNA MILANI: We would march up the streets singin' 'tramp, tramp, tramp the boys are marching.
安娜·米兰尼：我们会在街上游行，唱着“流浪汉，流浪汉，流浪汉”，男孩们正在游行。
I spy Kaiser at the door.
我在门口看到凯撒。
And we'll get a lemon pie and we'll squash him in his eye and there won't be any Kaiser anymore.' GUYLER: It was a good world, but it was an age of innocence; we really didn't know what was ahead.
我们会得到一个柠檬派，我们会把他压在他的眼睛里，这样就不会再有任何凯撒了。盖勒：那是一个美好的世界，但那是一个纯真的时代；我们真的不知道前面会发生什么。
NARRATION: Some say it began in the spring of 1918, when soldiers at Fort Riley, Kansas, burned tons of manure.
旁白：有人说这一切始于 1918 年春天，当时堪萨斯州赖利堡的士兵焚烧了数吨粪便。
A gale kicked up.
一阵大风刮起来。
A choking duststorm swept out over the land -- a stinging, stinking yellow haze.
一场令人窒息的沙尘暴席卷了大地——一片令人刺痛、恶臭的黄色薄雾。
The sun went dead black in Kansas.
堪萨斯州的太阳变得漆黑一片。
NARRATION: Two days later -- on March 11th, 1918 -- an Army private reported to the camp hospital before breakfast.
旁白：两天后，即 1918 年 3 月 11 日，一名陆军二等兵在早餐前向营地医院报到。
He had a fever, sore, throat, headache...
他发烧、喉咙痛、头痛……
nothing serious.
没什么严重的。
One minute later, another soldier showed up.
一分钟后，另一名士兵出现了。
By noon, the hospital had over a hundred cases; in a week, 500.
到中午，医院已有百余例病例；一周内，500。
NARRATION: That spring, forty-eight soldiers -- all in the prime of life -- died at Fort Riley.
旁白：那年春天，四十八名壮年士兵在莱利堡阵亡。
The cause of death was listed as: pneumonia.
死因被列为：肺炎。
NARRATION: The sickness then seemed to disappear -- leaving as quickly as it had come.
旁白：然后疾病似乎消失了——消失得就像它来得快一样。
NARRATION: For over a century, the booming science of medicine had gone from one triumph to another.
旁白：一个多世纪以来，蓬勃发展的医学科学取得了一次又一次的胜利。
Researchers had developed vaccines for many diseases: smallpox, anthrax, rabies, diphtheria, meningitis.
研究人员已经开发出针对多种疾病的疫苗：天花、炭疽、狂犬病、白喉、脑膜炎。
Dr. SHIRLEY FANNIN, Epidemologist: ...With the great advances in microbiology we were eliminating mysteries, okay.
流行病学家雪莉·范宁 (SHIRLEY FANNIN) 博士：……随着微生物学的巨大进步，我们正在消除谜团，好吧。
The mystery of what causes this disease.
导致这种疾病的原因之谜。
The mystery of what causes this disease.
导致这种疾病的原因之谜。
The optimism of being able to visualize something...
能够想象某些事情的乐观情绪......
All we have to do is just look under the microscope and we'll see the organism, and then take an action and see that something die off or be controlled....
我们所要做的就是在显微镜下观察，我们就会看到有机体，然后采取行动，看到某些东西消失或被控制......
that leads to the thought of invincibility.
这导致了不可战胜的想法。
NARRATION: It seemed that the masters of medicine could control life and death: there was nothing that Americans couldn't do.
旁白：医学大师似乎可以掌控生死：没有什么是美国人做不到的。
We could even win the war that no one could win.
我们甚至可以赢得一场无人能赢的战争。
NARRATION: That summer and fall, over one and a half million Americans crossed the Atlantic for war.
旁白：那年夏天和秋天，超过一百五十万美国人跨越大西洋参加战争。
But some of those doughboys came from Kansas.
但其中一些面团男孩来自堪萨斯州。
And they'd brought something with them: a tiny, silent companion.
他们还带来了一些东西：一个小小的、沉默的伴侣。
NARRATION: Almost immediately, the Kansas sickness resurfaced in Europe.
旁白：堪萨斯病几乎立即在欧洲重新出现。
American soldiers got sick.
美国士兵生病了。
English soldiers.
英国士兵。
French.
法语。
German.
德语。
As it spread, the microbe mutated -- day by day becoming more and more deadly.
随着病毒的传播，这种微生物发生了变异，变得越来越致命。
NARRATION: By the time the silent traveller came back to America, it had become a relentless killer.
旁白：当这位沉默的旅行者回到美国时，它已经成为一个无情的杀手。
NARRATION: On a rainy day in September, Dr. Victor Vaughan, acting Surgeon General of the Army, received urgent orders: proceed to a base near Boston called Camp Devens.
旁白：九月的一个雨天，代理陆军军医长维克多·沃恩博士接到紧急命令：前往波士顿附近一个名为德文斯营的基地。
NARRATION: Devens was about to change Dr. Vaughan's world forever.
旁白：德文斯即将永远改变沃恩博士的世界。
READING: I saw hundreds of young stalwart men in uniform coming into the wards of the hospital.
阅读：我看到数百名身着制服的年轻壮士走进医院的病房。
Every bed was full, yet others crowded in.
每张床都满了，但还有其他人挤进来。
The faces wore a bluish cast; a cough brought up the blood-stained sputum.
他们的脸都带着青色。咳嗽吐出了带血的痰。
NARRATION: On the day that Vaughan arrived, 63 men died at Camp Devens.
旁白：沃恩抵达当天，德文斯营有 63 人死亡。
NARRATION: An autopsy revealed lungs that were swollen, filled with fluid, and strangely blue.
旁白：尸检显示肺部肿胀，充满液体，呈奇怪的蓝色。
Doctors were stunned: what in the name of God was happening to these lungs?
医生们惊呆了：看在上帝的份上，这些肺部到底发生了什么？
NARRATION: When the strange new disease was finally identified, it turned out to be a very old and familiar one: influenza: the flu.
旁白：当这种奇怪的新疾病最终被发现时，它原来是一种非常古老且熟悉的疾病：流感：流感。
But it was unlike any flu that any one had ever seen.
但这与任何人见过的任何流感都不同。
DR. ALFRED CROSBY, author, "America's Forgotten Pandemic": One of the factors that made this so particularly, frightening was that everybody had a preconception of what the flu was: it's a miserable cold and, after a few days, you're up and around, this was a flu that put people into bed as if they'd been hit with a 2 x 4.
博士。阿尔弗雷德·克罗斯比（ALFRED CROSBY），《美国被遗忘的大流行病》作者：造成这一情况如此特别、令人恐惧的因素之一是，每个人都对流感有一种先入为主的观念：这是一种令人痛苦的感冒，几天后，你起床走动，这是一种流感，它会让人们躺在床上，就像被 2 x 4 击中一样。
That turned into pneumonia, that turned people blue and black and killed them.
那变成了肺炎，使人变成青紫色和黑色并杀死他们。
It was a flu out of some sort of a horror story.
这是某种恐怖故事中的流感。
They never had dreamed that influenza could ever do anything like this to people before.
他们以前从未想过流感会对人们造成这样的影响。
NARRATION: Soldiers carried the disease swiftly from one military base to the next.
旁白：士兵们将疾病迅速从一个军事基地传播到另一个军事基地。
They did it...
他们做到了...
just by breathing.
只是通过呼吸。
FANNIN: If an individual with influenza were standing in front of a room full of people coughing, each cough would carry millions of particles with disease-causing organisms into the air.
范宁：如果一个患有流感的人站在满屋子的人面前咳嗽，那么每次咳嗽都会将数以百万计的带有致病微生物的颗粒带入空气中。
All the people breathing that air would have an opportunity to inhale a disease-causing organism.
所有呼吸这种空气的人都有机会吸入致病微生物。
It doesn't take very long for one case to become 10,000 cases.
用不了多久，一个病例就会变成一万例。
MAXWELL: My first intimations about the epidemic were that it was something that was happening to the troops.
麦克斯韦：我对这种流行病的第一个暗示是，这是发生在部队身上的事情。
There didn't seem to be any reason to think that it would ever have anything to do with us.
似乎没有任何理由认为它与我们有任何关系。
And yet in a gradual remorseless way, it kept moving closer and closer.
然而，它以一种逐渐无情的方式，越来越近。
NARRATION: For a time, life in America went on, untouched.
旁白：有一段时间，美国的生活照常进行，没有受到任何影响。
Suffragettes demanded the vote for women.
妇女参政论者要求妇女投票。
Airmail service began zooming between New York and Chicago -- flying time: 10 hours, 5 minutes.
纽约和芝加哥之间的航空邮件服务开始开通——飞行时间：10 小时 5 分钟。
On September 11th, Babe Ruth led the Boston Red Sox to victory in the World Series.
9月11日，贝比·鲁斯带领波士顿红袜队在世界职业棒球大赛中取得胜利。
NARRATION: But on that same day, on the sidewalks of Quincy, Massachusetts, three civilians dropped dead.
旁白：但就在同一天，在马萨诸塞州昆西的人行道上，三名平民倒地身亡。
NARRATION: Influenza was out in the world.
旁白：流感已经在世界范围内蔓延。
ACT II -- IT BECOMES AN EPIDEMIC NARRATION: From Boston, the disease moved down the eastern seaboard -- to New York, to Philadelphia, and beyond.
第二幕——它成为流行病叙述：这种疾病从波士顿沿着东海岸传播到纽约、费城以及更远的地方。
MAXWELL: Rumors of this alarming situation had reached this very small town of 12,000 people in the midwest...
麦克斯韦：关于这种令人震惊的情况的谣言已经传到了中西部这个只有 12,000 人的小镇......
I know that my parents were worried, I could, I, I paid less attention to their words than I did to the sounds of their voices and when they discussed it, I heard anxiety.
我知道我的父母很担心，我可以，我，我对他们的话的关注不如对他们声音的关注，当他们讨论这个问题时，我听到了焦虑。
MAXWELL: My mother was expecting a baby and so, my father and mother had no choice, to, but to take me to my father's sister's house where we were not comfortable.
麦克斯韦：我的母亲正在怀孕，所以我的父亲和母亲别无选择，只能带我去我父亲姐姐的房子，在那里我们感到不舒服。
It was a dark, gloomy house...
那是一座昏暗、阴暗的房子……
I can best suggest the quality of the house by saying, in the living room there was a framed photograph of my grandfather in his coffin....
我可以说，客厅里有一张我祖父在棺材里的镶框照片，可以最好地表明这所房子的质量。
It was a very strange room, there was a vase with peacock feathers in it and my aunt didn't know, I don't know that anybody else in Lincoln knew that peacock feathers bring bad luck...
那是一个非常奇怪的房间，里面有一个插着孔雀羽毛的花瓶，我姑妈不知道，我不知道林肯的其他人知道孔雀羽毛会带来厄运……
DANIEL TONKEL: The first time that I was aware that something was amiss in our normal living was when my father told me, 'son, most of the employees are sick.' We don't have anyone left to run the store.
丹尼尔·汤克尔：我第一次意识到我们的正常生活出了问题，是在我父亲告诉我时，“儿子，大多数员工都生病了。”我们没有人留下来经营这家商店了。
Everyone is home sick, or in the hospital sick.
每个人都生病在家，或者生病住院。
And within a week or ten days my father told me that this saleslady had passed away and another one had passed away.
一周或十天内，父亲告诉我，这位女售货员去世了，另一位女售货员也去世了。
So, as I recall, out of the eight or ten employees, four of them passed away and the passing away came about so quickly.
所以我记得，八十个员工当中，有四个人去世了，而且去世得这么快。
ANNA MILANI: It was a mild day and we were sitting on the step.
安娜·米兰尼：天气温和，我们坐在台阶上。
Diagonally across from us, there was a little, a girl, 15 year old girl was just buried.
我们的斜对面，有一个小，一个女孩，15岁的女孩，刚刚被埋了。
Towards the evening, we heard a lot of screaming going on and in that same house a little baby, 18 months old, passed away, in that same family.
傍晚时分，我们听到很多尖叫声，在同一所房子里，同一个家庭的一个 18 个月大的小婴儿去世了。
FANNIN: For a physician it must have been very, very confusing, being confronted with patients that come to you and, within 12 hours, before you even have a chance to do anything, they're dead.
范宁：对于一名医生来说，面对来找你的病人，在 12 小时内，你还没来得及做任何事，他们就死了，这一定是非常非常令人困惑的。
This was happening too fast.
这一切发生得太快了。
NARRATION: Even children began to see it coming.
旁白：连孩子们也开始预见到它的到来。
A little ditty was heard in playgrounds: I had a little bird/
操场上传来小曲：我有一只小鸟/
and in flew enza.
并在飞恩扎。
NARRATION: Most officials, however, failed to recognize the growing threat.
旁白：然而，大多数官员未能认识到日益严重的威胁。
NARRATION: Royal Copeland, Health Commissioner of New York City, announced, "The city is in no danger of an epidemic.
旁白：纽约市卫生专员罗亚尔·科普兰宣布：“纽约市不存在流行病的危险。
No need for our people to worry." Copeland would let things take their own course.
我们的人民无需担心。”科普兰会让事情顺其自然。
CROSBY: The first reaction of the authorities was, for many of the most important ones was just flat-out denial.
克罗斯比：对于许多最重要的事件，当局的第一反应是断然否认。
They didn't know what was happening, they didn't know what to do and, therefore, they did the human thing which is to say it's not happening.
他们不知道发生了什么，他们不知道该怎么做，因此，他们做了人类的事情，也就是说这没有发生。
NARRATION: With the war escalating, federal officials continued to put Americans at risk.
旁白：随着战争不断升级，联邦官员继续将美国人置于危险之中。
One September day, they called 13 million young men to register for the draft.
9 月的一天，他们号召 1300 万年轻人报名参加选秀。
The men jammed together in school houses, city halls, post offices.
这些人挤在学校、市政厅、邮局里。
CROSBY: There were two enormously important things going on at once and they were at right angles to each other.
克罗斯比：有两件非常重要的事情同时发生，而且它们彼此成直角。
One, of course, was the influenza epidemic, which dictated that you should sort of shut everything down and the war which demanded that everything should speed up, that certainly the factories should continue operating, you should continue to have bond drives, soldiers should be put on boats and sent off to, sent off to France....
当然，其中之一是流感流行，它要求你应该关闭一切，而战争则要求一切都应该加快速度，工厂当然应该继续运转，你应该继续进行债券驱动，士兵应该被派上船，送往法国……
It's as if we could, as a society, only contain one big idea at a time and the big idea was the war.
就好像我们作为一个社会一次只能容纳一个大想法，而这个大想法就是战争。
NARRATION: With America's tunnel vision focused on the war, throngs turned out for enormous parades supporting Liberty Loan drives.
旁白：由于美国把目光集中在战争上，人群参加了支持自由贷款活动的大型游行。
NARRATION: In Philadelphia, 200,000 sardined in the streets.
旁白：在费城，20 万人在街头遭遇沙丁鱼。
The crowd linked arms, sang patriotic songs -- breathed on each other -- infected each other.
人群挽着手，唱着爱国歌曲——彼此呼吸——互相感染。
NARRATION: And in the days that followed, the flu ripped into Philadelphia like a freshly-sharpened knife.
旁白：在接下来的几天里，流感像一把新磨的刀一样席卷了费城。
NARRATION: Harriet Ferrell's family lived on Brooklyn Street.
旁白：哈里特·费雷尔的家人住在布鲁克林街。
FERRELL: It was really a terrible experience for the people, it was so many people sick.
费雷尔：这对人们来说确实是一次可怕的经历，很多人都生病了。
In our household, it was the four of us in bed and my uncle and aunt on the third floor apartment with their son, so my mother was caring for seven sick people in our home.
在我们家，我们四个人躺在床上，叔叔阿姨和他们的儿子在三楼公寓里，所以我母亲正在照顾我们家里的七个病人。
CATHRYN GUYLER: When my mother became ill, that's when I knew we were in trouble.
凯瑟琳·盖勒：当我母亲生病时，我就知道我们有麻烦了。
I only knew it from my child's eye and my child's eye was five years old.
我只是从我孩子的眼睛里知道的，我孩子的眼睛已经五岁了。
I wanted to go and get in her bed and it wasn't allowed, they didn't want me to get sick either, do you see.
我想去她的床上，但这是不被允许的，他们也不希望我生病，你明白吗？
And they brought in a little bed into her room.
他们把一张小床搬进她的房间。
My mother saw me miserable in that little bed, that they brought in for me and tucked me in her bed because she didn't like to see me unhappy.
我母亲看到我在那张小床上痛苦不堪，他们把我带进来，把我塞在她的床上，因为她不喜欢看到我不高兴。
And, of course, I promptly got the flu with her, as you could imagine and there was fun in that for me until it became so painful.
当然，我很快就和她一起患上了流感，你可以想象，这对我来说很有趣，直到变得如此痛苦。
WILLIAM MAXWELL: I was a skinny little boy with an enormous appetite.
威廉·麦克斯韦：我是一个瘦弱的小男孩，但胃口却很大。
Just as my plate was put in front of me, I felt no desire for food.
当我的盘子端到我面前时，我已经没有食欲了。
My aunt put her hand on my forehead and got up from the table and took me upstairs and put me to bed because I had a high fever.
阿姨把手放在我的额头上，从桌子上站起来，把我抱到楼上，把我放在床上，因为我发高烧了。
And I think what happened was that I slept and slept and slept and slept.
我想发生的事情就是我睡啊睡啊睡啊睡。
NARRATION: No one knew what was causing the epidemic; but there was no shortage of guesses.
旁白：没有人知道是什么导致了这种流行病；但也不乏猜测。
WILLIAM SARDO: There were rumors that ran rampant of all types and sizes and one of the rumors, I remember very explicitly, was that the Germans had planted the germ before the spread of influenza.
威廉·萨尔多：各种类型和规模的谣言十分猖獗，其中一个谣言，我记得很清楚，是德国人在流感传播之前就种植了这种细菌。
NARRATION: Flamboyant evangelist Billy Sunday thought the cause was as simple as sin.
旁白：浮夸的传道者比利·桑迪（Billy Sunday）认为原因就像罪一样简单。
"We can meet here tonight and pray down the epidemic," Sunday said.
“我们今晚可以在这里聚会，祈祷疫情平息，”周日说。
But even as he spoke, people in the audience collapsed with the flu.
但就在他讲话的时候，观众席上的人就因流感而倒下了。
NARRATION: One agonized official in the stricken east sent an urgent warning west.
旁白：受灾东部的一位痛苦的官员向西部发出紧急警告。
NARRATION: Hunt up your wood-workers and set them to making coffins.
旁白：找到你的木工，让他们制作棺材。
Then take your street laborers and set them to digging graves.
然后让你的街头劳工去挖坟墓。
NARRATION: The flu was now moving into small towns, deep in the heart of the country.
旁白：流感现在正在蔓延到该国腹地的小镇。
Lee Reay was living in Meadow, Utah.
李·雷伊 (Lee Reay) 住在犹他州梅多 (Meadow)。
We were very concerned in our town, it was moving south, progressing down the highway, and we were next...
我们非常担心我们的城镇，它正在向南移动，沿着高速公路前进，而我们是下一个......
My father was selected as the health officer.
我父亲被选为卫生官员。
We had never had a health officer in our town before, but we felt now that we needed one and so Dad went out to the city limits signs, and we put a sign that said, THIS TOWN IS QUARANTINED - DO NOT STOP.
我们镇上以前从未有过卫生官员，但我们现在觉得我们需要一名卫生官员，所以爸爸走到城市限制标志处，我们放了一个标志，上面写着：这个城镇已被隔离 - 不要停下来。
So we had purposely isolated ourselves.
所以我们故意孤立自己。
But it wasn't enough, the disease came anyway - the mailman brought it.
但这还不够，疾病还是来了——邮递员带来了它。
FANNIN: You can't barrier yourself from being exposed, because the person who looks healthy may be the one spreading the disease.
范宁：你无法阻止自己不被暴露，因为看起来健康的人可能是传播疾病的人。
And that was a part of the horror.
这就是恐怖的一部分。
We can't get away from respiratory diseases of other people, because we all have to breathe.
我们无法摆脱其他人的呼吸道疾病，因为我们都必须呼吸。
NARRATION: In Denver, Katherine Anne Porter's romance was cut short; she too became sick.
旁白：在丹佛，凯瑟琳·安妮·波特的恋情戛然而止。她也病了。
Soon, she was delirious.
很快，她就陷入了昏迷。
NARRATION: But Porter's dashing young lieutenant stayed by her side.
旁白：但波特英俊的年轻副官留在了她身边。
PORTER: He was so patient with me, those nights when I was sick, getting me things and always just sitting there.
波特：在我生病的那些夜晚，他对我非常耐心，给我拿东西，然后总是坐在那里。
When I would wake up he would be there...
当我醒来的时候，他就在那里……
NARRATOR: Her fever rose so high that her hair turned white, then fell out.
旁白：她的高烧使她的头发变白，然后脱落。
PORTER: There was only that pain, only that room.
波特：只有那种痛苦，只有那个房间。
There was only this one moment and it was a dream of time.
只有这一刻，那是一场时光之梦。
MAXWELL: I remember that time was a blur as I was lying in that little upstairs room and I would wake up and it would be daylight and I'd wake up, the next time I woke up it would be dark and it might be dark when I woke up, it might be daylight, I had no sense of day and night.
麦克斯韦：我记得当时我躺在楼上那个小房间里，时间很模糊，我醒来时，天已经亮了，我醒来，下次我醒来时，天就黑了，我醒来时可能是黑的，也可能是白天，我没有白天和黑夜的感觉。
And I felt sick and hollow inside.
我内心感到恶心和空虚。
ACT III -- THE RESPONSE VOICES OF CHILDREN:
第三幕——孩子们的回应之声：
and in flew enza.
并在飞恩扎。
NARRATION: And In flew enza.
旁白：还有飞翔的恩扎。
NARRATION: Hospitals overflowed; emergency relief centers sprang up in parks and playgrounds.
旁白：医院人满为患；紧急救援中心在公园和游乐场如雨后春笋般涌现。
But practically every available doctor and nurse had been sent to Europe.
但几乎所有可用的医生和护士都被派往欧洲。
The ones who remained were asked perform the impossible.
剩下的人被要求完成不可能的任务。
Near Chicago, a young nurse named Josie Mabel Brown arrived at Great Lakes Naval Station -- and was promptly assigned a ward with 42 beds.
在芝加哥附近，一位名叫乔西·梅布尔·布朗 (Josie Mabel Brown) 的年轻护士抵达五大湖海军基地，并立即被分配到一个有 42 个床位的病房。
MORRISSEY: She walked into the ward and not only were the 42 beds full, but there were boys that were laying on the floors and on the stretchers waiting for that boy in the bed to die.
莫里西：她走进病房，不仅42张床位已满，而且还有男孩躺在地板上和担架上，等待床上的那个男孩死去。
They were having raging fevers and delirium and profuse nose bleeds and their lungs would collapse and it would go into this horrid, bloody pneumonia.
他们高烧不退，精神错乱，流鼻血，肺部衰竭，发展成可怕的血腥肺炎。
CROSBY: When the 1918 flu killed, which it so often did, it killed because of what it did to the lungs.
克罗斯比：当 1918 年流感导致死亡时（这种情况经常发生），它是因为对肺部的影响而导致死亡。
It filled up the lungs with fluid, and so these people, these people drowned, only they didn't drown in the Atlantic Ocean, they drowned in their own fluids.
它使肺部充满了液体，所以这些人，这些人淹死了，只是他们没有淹死在大西洋中，他们淹死在自己的液体中。
NARRATION: The epidemic was now a national crisis: something had to be done.
旁白：这种流行病现在是一场国家危机：必须采取一些措施。
In many places, officials rushed through laws requiring people to wear masks in public.
在许多地方，官员们匆忙通过法律，要求人们在公共场合戴口罩。
NARRATION: All of America, it seemed, put on masks.
旁白：似乎整个美国都戴上了面具。
At last, many thought, they were safe.
许多人认为，他们终于安全了。
NARRATION: But masks didn't help.
旁白：但是口罩没有帮助。
They were thin and porous -- no serious restraint to tiny microbes.
它们又薄又多孔，对微小微生物没有严格的限制。
It was like trying to keep out dust with chicken wire.
这就像试图用铁丝网来阻挡灰尘一样。
NARRATION: In Washington, D.C., Commissioner Louis Brownlow banned all public gatherings.
旁白：在华盛顿特区，专员路易斯·布朗洛禁止所有公共集会。
He closed the city's schools, theaters and bars.
他关闭了该市的学校、剧院和酒吧。
He quarantined the sick.
他隔离了病人。
He did everything he had the power to do.
他做了他有能力做的一切。
NARRATION: But the death rate in Washington kept rising.
旁白：但华盛顿的死亡率持续上升。
NARRATION: A resolution shot through Congress, giving the Public Health Service a million dollars to fight the flu.
旁白：国会通过了一项决议，向公共卫生服务部门拨款一百万美元来对抗流感。
Biochemists around the country worked feverishly to develop a vaccine.
全国各地的生物化学家都在积极开发疫苗。
Hundreds were produced.
生产了数百件。
Then, a researcher in Massachusetts came up with the most promising solution.
然后，马萨诸塞州的一位研究人员想出了最有希望的解决方案。
Hopes rose: perhaps a cure was at hand.
希望升起：也许治愈方法就在眼前。
San Francisco's mayor wired for a huge shipment; a special envoy carried the vaccine across the country on the fleet Twentieth Century Express.
旧金山市长致电要求运送大量货物；特使乘坐“二十世纪快车”车队将疫苗运往全国各地。
Soon over 18,000 people in the city had been
很快，该市就有超过 18,000 人被
inoculated.
接种的。
NARRATION: But even vaccines didn't help.
旁白：但即使是疫苗也无济于事。
FANNIN: They thought it was caused by a bacteria, so they made up a vaccine with the bacteria they thought was influenza....
范宁：他们认为这是由细菌引起的，所以他们用他们认为是流感的细菌配制了疫苗......
But, you can't make a vaccine if you're looking at the wrong causative organism.
但是，如果你找错了致病微生物，就无法制造疫苗。
They were on the wrong track; the influenza was caused by a virus.
他们走错了路；流感是由病毒引起的。
CROSBY: Science knew next to nothing about viruses at this time.
克罗斯比：当时科学界对病毒几乎一无所知。
The optical microscopes they had couldn't show you a virus, virus is much too small for them.
他们的光学显微镜无法向你展示病毒，病毒对他们来说太小了。
Nobody would ever see virus until the electron microscope came along and that was decades after that.
直到电子显微镜出现之前，没有人能看到病毒，那是几十年后的事了。
These poor scientists were looking for a needle in a haystack, when they didn't know it was a needle they were looking for and the needle was too small for them to see.
这些可怜的科学家大海捞针，他们不知道他们要找的就是一根针，而且针太小了，他们看不见。
No wonder they didn't find it.
难怪他们没有找到。
NARRATION: Medical science, at the very moment of its great rise to power, had failed to provide a cure.
旁白：医学在其伟大崛起的时刻未能提供治疗方法。
READING: At that moment I decided never again to prate about the great achievements of science...
阅读：在那一刻，我决定不再谈论科学的伟大成就......
The deadly influenza demonstrated the inferiority of human inventions.
致命的流感证明了人类发明的低劣。
Victor Vaughan.
维克多·沃恩.
NARRATION: With science powerless, many people turned to folk remedies and quick fixes.
旁白：由于科学无能为力，许多人转向民间疗法和快速修复。
SARDO: There was some quackery that existed at the time.
萨尔多：当时存在一些江湖骗术。
There were all kinds of, of gimmicks that were being pursued by people in desperation.
各种、各种噱头，都被人们逼迫着追寻着。
JOHN DE LANO: I had camphor balls in, in a little sack around my neck.
约翰·德·拉诺：我把樟脑球装在脖子上的一个小袋子里。
I know I couldn't stand myself, let alone somebody coming near me.
我知道我无法忍受自己，更不用说有人靠近我了。
[LAUGHING] I smelled so bad, I guess, in those days.
[笑]我想，那些日子里我闻起来很难闻。
FERREL: We used turpentine on sugar, we used kerosene on sugar, a few drops...
费雷尔：我们在糖上使用了松节油，在糖上使用了煤油，几滴......
you could smell this medication before you got too close to them, but it wasn't too bad because so many people had these different type medications until we were all smelling bad.
在你离他们太近之前你就能闻到这种药物的味道，但这还不错，因为很多人都服用了这些不同类型的药物，直到我们都闻起来很难闻。
REAY: Everybody was asking for medicine and there wasn't any.
雷伊：每个人都在索要药物，但没有。
So Dad came home and said, "We've got to make medicine some way." And so in our kitchen, on our cookstove, Dad stewed up about five gallons.
于是爸爸回到家说：“我们必须想办法制药。”因此，在我们厨房的炉灶上，爸爸炖了大约五加仑的汤。
It wasn't real medicine, but it smelled like medicine and it tasted like medicine and we put a lot of honey in it so that it would taste pretty good and we passed it out to everyone who wanted medicine.
它不是真正的药，但它闻起来像药，尝起来像药，我们在里面放了很多蜂蜜，这样味道就很好，然后我们把它分发给每个想要药的人。
It went in a hurry, there wasn't much left.
走得太匆忙，所剩无几。
[CHUCKLING] It didn't do any harm.
[咯咯笑]它没有造成任何伤害。
Most of them thought it did good.
他们中的大多数人都认为效果很好。
CROSBY: In the middle of a crisis you have to do something and it's certainly an American characteristic that we have to do something even if it's wrong.
克罗斯比：在危机中你必须做点什么，这当然是美国的特点，即使它是错误的，我们也必须做点什么。
NARRATION: Folk remedies might have been wrong, but doctors were just as helpless.
旁白：民间疗法可能是错误的，但医生也同样无能为力。
MORRISSEY: They absolutely didn't know what to do for treatment of these patients.
莫里西：他们完全不知道如何治疗这些患者。
The ambulances would arrive in the morning, the drivers would bring in four living patients, but the nurses would go ahead and wrap these patients in the winding sheets and they would put toe tags on the boys before they were even dead.
救护车会在早上到达，司机会带来四名活着的病人，但护士会先用裹尸布包裹这些病人，然后在男孩们死之前给他们贴上脚趾标签。
NARRATION: One doctor told a patient's wife: "This is my twenty-fifth case.
旁白：一位医生告诉病人的妻子：“这是我的第二十五个病例。
And I've lost the first twenty-four." NARRATION: A twelve-year-old boy was told by his doctor: "Get on the waiting list for a casket." FERRELL: My mother called a doctor because we, the whole family was sick with this flu, and I, being the infant baby, was very sick, to the point that the doctor thought that I would not make it and he told my mother that it wasn't necessary to feed me anymore because I wasn't going to live.
我已经输掉了前二十四场。”旁白：一名十二岁男孩的医生告诉他：“进入棺材等候名单。”费雷尔：我母亲打电话给医生，因为我们全家都得了流感，而我，作为婴儿，病得很重，以至于医生认为我活不下去了，他告诉我母亲，没有必要再喂我了，因为我活不下去了。
ACT IV -- THE HORROR NARRATION: In the month of September, some 12,000 people died of influenza in America.
第四幕——恐怖叙述：九月份，美国约有 12,000 人死于流感。
But those numbers would be dwarfed.
但这些数字就显得相形见绌了。
For the full horror now began.
全面的恐怖现在开始了。
October would be the cruelest month.
十月将是最残酷的月份。
MILANI: In the street, there were crepes at the door, if it was a young person they put a white crepe at the door; if it was a middle aged they put a black and if it was an elderly one, much older, they put a grey crepe at the door, signifying who died.
MILANI：在街上，门口有薄饼，如果是年轻人，他们会在门口放一个白色的薄饼；如果是中年人，他们会在门口贴上黑色的绉纱；如果是老年人，年纪大得多的人，他们会在门口贴上灰色的绉纱，以表明谁死了。
So, there were, we were children and was, we were excited to find out who died next.
所以，我们还是孩子，我们很高兴知道下一个死者是谁。
SARDO: My father, my older brother and an uncle were all engaged in the funeral directing business....We lived in a funeral home.
萨尔多：我的父亲、我的哥哥和一个叔叔都从事葬礼指导业务……我们住在殡仪馆里。
The influenza epidemic became so bad that the living room, the dining room were all occupied with row upon row of caskets.
流感疫情严重，客厅、餐厅都堆满了鳞次栉比的棺材。
The fearsome part of it was that these were friends of yours that were passing away, these were whole families that you knew, these were people that you went to school with or church with.
可怕的是，这些是你即将去世的朋友，这些是你认识的整个家庭，这些是和你一起上学或一起去教堂的人。
It was very eerie, very, very eerie.
这非常、非常、非常令人毛骨悚然。
DELANO: The undertaker which was half a block away from me had pine boxes on the sidewalk, piled high.
德拉诺：离我半个街区远的殡仪馆在人行道上放着松木盒子，堆得很高。
Me and my two friends would go down there and play on the boxes, it was like climbing the pyramids, up and down and around, the whole bit jumping off, and my mother told me that I should never go down there, don't go on those boxes because there are people in them that have died.
我和我的两个朋友会去那里玩箱子，就像爬金字塔一样，上上下下，到处跳，我妈妈告诉我，我永远不应该去那里，不要去那些箱子上，因为里面有人已经死了。
But these two friends of mine got sick right after that -- and so did I.
但我的这两个朋友在那之后就病了——我也是。
REAY: My father, being the health officer, was very concerned about the Indians who were our neighbors, they were only six miles away.
雷伊：我的父亲作为卫生官员，非常关心我们的邻居印第安人，他们距离我们只有六英里。
So Dad and the city marshall rode up there one day to see how things were going at the Indian camps and they were horrified at what they saw.
因此，有一天，爸爸和市治安官骑马前往那里，看看印第安人营地的情况如何，他们对所看到的感到震惊。
After an Indian died, his family and friends would sit around chanting him to the Happy Hunting Grounds and they'd spend all night there.
印第安人死后，他的家人和朋友会围坐在一起，唱着他到快乐狩猎场的歌，然后他们会在那里度过一整夜。
And, by that time, they were all exposed, everybody had the flu.
到那时，他们都暴露了，每个人都得了流感。
Ultimately, it killed about half the Indians.
最终，它杀死了大约一半的印第安人。
NARRATION: No one was safe.
旁白：没有人是安全的。
In Washington, Victor Vaughan was working late, trying to make sense of the hellish chaos.
在华盛顿，维克多·沃恩工作到很晚，试图弄清楚地狱般的混乱。
He uncovered an unnerving fact.
他发现了一个令人不安的事实。
Usually, influenza kills only the weak -- the very young and very old -- but this time it had a different target.
通常，流感只会杀死弱者——非常年轻和非常年长的人——但这一次它有不同的目标。
People in the very prime of life -- from 21 to 29 -- were the most vulnerable of all.
正值青春年华的人——21岁到29岁——是最脆弱的。
READING: Victor Vaughan: "This infection, like war, kills the young, vigorous, robust adults....
阅读：维克多·沃恩：“这种感染就像战争一样，杀死了年轻、精力充沛、健壮的成年人......
The husky male either made a speedy and rather abrupt recovery or was likely to die.
这只哈士奇雄性要么迅速而突然地康复，要么很可能死亡。
CROSBY: The situation was upside down and backwards, a disease that's supposed to be a mild disease is killing people, the people it's killing are the strongest members, the most robust, members of our society.
克罗斯比：情况是颠倒过来的，一种本应是轻微的疾病正在夺去人们的生命，它杀死的人是我们社会中最坚强、最坚强的成员。
NARRATION: For example: soldiers.
旁白：例如：士兵。
In Europe, the flu was devastating both sides.
在欧洲，流感对双方都造成了毁灭性的打击。
Seventy-thousand American soldiers were sick; in some units, the flu killed 80% of the men.
七万名美国士兵患病；在一些单位，流感导致 80% 的男性死亡。
General John Pershing made a desperate plea for reinforcements.
约翰·潘兴将军绝望地请求增援。
But that would mean sending soldiers across the Atlantic on troop ships.
但这意味着派遣士兵乘坐军舰跨越大西洋。
CROSBY: There's nothing more crowded than a troop ship, it's just being jammed in there like sardines and if somebody has a respiratory disease, everybody's going to get it.
克罗斯比：没有什么比运兵船更拥挤的了，它就像沙丁鱼一样挤在那里，如果有人患有呼吸道疾病，每个人都会得病。
NARRATION: President Woodrow Wilson now faced an agonizing decision.
旁白：伍德罗·威尔逊总统现在面临着一个痛苦的决定。
Sending the soldiers would be signing thousands of death warrants.
派遣士兵将签署数千份死刑令。
Wilson gazed out his office window.
威尔逊凝视着办公室的窗外。
After a long moment, he nodded.
良久之后，他点了点头。
The troop shipments would [have to] continue.
部队运送将[必须]继续进行。
And then the President turned to his aide.
然后总统转向他的助手。
"I wonder if you have heard this limerick?" 'I had a little bird and his name was Enza...'" READING: I lay like a stone at the farthest bottom of life.
“不知道你听过这句打油诗吗？” “我有一只小鸟，他的名字叫恩扎……”阅读：我像一块石头一样躺在生命的最深处。
The smell of death was in my own body.
我的身体里弥漫着死亡的气息。
NARRATOR: Katherine Anne Porter was finally admitted to the hospital.
旁白：凯瑟琳·安妮·波特终于住进了医院。
But she was now separated from her lieutenant.
但她现在和她的中尉分开了。
She was so sick that she was left on a stretcher in the hallway -- left there to die.
她病得很重，被放在走廊上的担架上——留在那里等死。
Porter's newspaper quietly set the type for her obituary.
波特的报纸悄悄地为她定下了讣告的类型。
NARRATION: In New York, 851 people died of the flu in a single day.
旁白：纽约一天内就有 851 人死于流感。
But the greatest horror came to Philadelphia.
但最大的恐怖发生在费城。
In one week in October, the death rate there was seven hundred times higher than normal.
10月份的一周内，那里的死亡率比正常情况高出七百倍。
MILANI: In October we were all stricken, we were all sick.
米兰尼：十月份我们都受到了打击，我们都生病了。
We had headaches, pains in the legs, the stomach, vomiting and everything.
我们感到头痛、腿痛、胃痛、呕吐等等。
We were all sleeping close to one another because we only had two beds in the one room.....
我们都睡得很近，因为我们一间房间里只有两张床......
Harry couldn't stay with us because he was too sick...I was like a second mother to Harry, Harry was always close to me....
哈利不能和我们呆在一起，因为他病得太厉害了……我就像哈利的第二个母亲，哈利总是离我很近……
So, when he was very sick he kept calling me all the time and...
所以，当他病得很重的时候，他一直给我打电话，然后……
I was always beside him and I would cuddle him and pet him and everything...
我总是在他身边，我会拥抱他、抚摸他等等……
So my mother said while Harry's sleeping, you go and lie down...
所以我妈妈说，趁哈利睡觉的时候，你去躺下……
And my mother said he, he opened his eyes, his eyes went back and forth and his head went back and forth and he said, "Annie." My name was Nanina, in Italian, Nanina, Nanina and he died with my name in his mouth....
我妈妈说他，他睁开眼睛，他的眼睛来回转动，他的头来回转动，他说：“安妮。”我的名字叫纳尼纳，意大利语是纳尼纳，纳尼纳，他死的时候嘴里还含着我的名字……
NARRATION: In Philadelphia, death carts roamed the city.
旁白：在费城，运尸车在城里漫游。
It was a scene
那是一个场景
from the time of the Black Plague.
从黑死病时期开始。
FERREL: So many people died until they were instructed to ask for wooden boxes and to put the corpse, the people on the front porches.
费雷尔：很多人死了，直到他们被指示要木箱并将尸体放在前廊上。
An open truck came through the neighborhoods and picked up the bodies.
一辆敞篷卡车穿过街区并运走了尸体。
NARRATION: Still, the dead sometimes lay in the gutters, abandoned.
旁白：尽管如此，死者有时仍被遗弃在阴沟里。
NARRATION: Over at Potter's Field, they began to use a steam shovel to dig trenches.
旁白：在波特农场，他们开始使用蒸汽铲挖战壕。
For graves.
为坟墓。
Mass graves.
集体坟墓。
NARRATION: Over 11,000 people would die in Philadelphia alone that October.
旁白：那年 10 月，仅费城就有超过 11,000 人死亡。
NARRATION: In Illinois, William Maxwell's mother had just given birth.
旁白：在伊利诺伊州，威廉·麦克斯韦的母亲刚刚生完孩子。
He was still staying at his aunt's house.
他还住在姨妈家。
MAXWELL: My only knowledge of what was going on was the telephone which I could hear from, because my room was at, near the head of the stairs.
麦克斯韦：我对发生的事情唯一的了解是我能听到的电话，因为我的房间位于楼梯口附近。
And I heard my aunt say, 'Will, oh no.' And then, 'If you want me to.' And she came into my room and she tried to tell us what had happened and the, the tears ran down her face and so she didn't need to tell me, I knew that the worst that could happen had happened.
我听到阿姨说：“威尔，哦不。”然后，“如果你想让我这么做的话。”她走进我的房间，试图告诉我们发生了什么事，泪水从她脸上流下来，所以她不需要告诉我，我知道可能发生的最糟糕的事情已经发生了。
My mother was marvelous, and when she died the shine went out of everything.
我的母亲很了不起，当她去世时，一切都黯然失色。
NARRATION: In 31 shocking days, the flu would kill over 195,000 Americans.
旁白：在令人震惊的 31 天里，流感导致超过 195,000 名美国人死亡。
It was the deadliest month in this nation's history.
这是这个国家历史上死亡人数最多的一个月。
NARRATION: Coffins were in such demand that they were often stolen.
旁白：棺材的需求量很大，以至于经常被盗。
Undertakers had to place armed guards around their prized boxes.
殡葬者必须在他们珍贵的箱子周围安排武装警卫。
NARRATION: The orderly life of America began to break down.
旁白：美国的有序生活开始崩溃。
NARRATION: All over the country, farms and factories shut down -- schools and churches closed.
旁白：全国各地的农场和工厂都关闭了，学校和教堂也关闭了。
Homeless children wandered the streets, their parents vanished.
无家可归的孩子在街上徘徊，他们的父母却失踪了。
NARRATION: The vibrant and optimistic nation seemed to be falling apart.
旁白：这个充满活力和乐观的国家似乎正在分崩离析。
TONKEL: People were actually afraid to talk to one another, it was almost like don't breathe in my face, don't look at me and breathe in my face because you may give me the germ that I don't want, and you never knew from day to day who was going to be next on the death list.
TONKEL：人们实际上害怕互相交谈，这几乎就像不要在我脸上呼吸，不要看着我，也不要在我脸上呼吸，因为你可能会给我带来我不想要的细菌，而且你每天都不知道谁会成为死亡名单上的下一个。
SARDO: Everybody was living in deadly fear because it was so quick, so sudden and so terrifying it destroyed the intimacy that existed amongst people in those days of the early 20th century.
萨尔多：每个人都生活在致命的恐惧之中，因为它来得如此之快、如此突然、如此可怕，它摧毁了20世纪初人们之间存在的亲密关系。
CROSBY: An epidemic erodes social cohesiveness because the source of your danger is your fellow human beings, the source of your danger is your wife, children, parents and so on.
克罗斯比：流行病会侵蚀社会凝聚力，因为你的危险源是你的人类同胞，你的危险源是你的妻子、孩子、父母等。
So, if an epidemic goes on long enough, and the bodies start to pile up and nobody can dig graves fast enough to put the people into them, then morality does start to break down.
因此，如果流行病持续足够长的时间，尸体开始堆积起来，而没有人能够足够快地挖坟墓来将人们放进去，那么道德就会开始崩溃。
NARRATION: Violence broke out.
旁白：暴力事件爆发。
In San Francisco, a Health Department inspector shot a man who refused to wear a mask.
在旧金山，一名卫生部门检查员开枪射杀了一名拒绝戴口罩的男子。
In Chicago, a worker shouted, "I'll cure them my own way!" and then cut the throats of his wife and four children.
在芝加哥，一名工人喊道：“我会用我自己的方式治愈他们！”然后割断了他的妻子和四个孩子的喉咙。
DR. FANNIN: People were surrounded by traumatic death.
博士。范宁：人们被创伤性死亡所包围。
And they didn't have any idea how far it would go.
他们不知道它会走多远。
Was it going to kill everybody?...
难道要把所有人都杀掉吗？...
Could this be the end of the world - is this armageddon that the street corner ministers are preaching about?
难道这就是世界末日吗？这就是街头牧师们所宣扬的世界末日吗？
NARRATION: In Washington, Victor Vaughan came to a frightening conclusion.
旁白：在华盛顿，维克多·沃恩得出了一个可怕的结论。
VICTOR VAUGHAN: If the epidemic continues its mathematical rate of acceleration, civilization could easily disappear from the face of the earth.
维克多·沃恩：如果这种流行病继续以数学上的速度加速，文明很容易从地球表面消失。
ACT V -- IT'S OVER NARRATION: But a miraculous thing began to happen.
第五幕——结束了 旁白：但是奇迹般的事情开始发生。
As mysteriously as it had come, the terror began to slip away.
尽管恐惧来得神秘，但它却开始消失。
By early November, the flu had virtually disappeared from Boston; the toll in Washington fell below 50 a week; even in ravaged Philadelphia, life was slowly returning to normal.
到 11 月初，流感实际上已经从波士顿消失了。华盛顿的死亡人数每周已降至 50 人以下；即使在饱受蹂躏的费城，生活也正在慢慢恢复正常。
NARRATION: Then, on November 11, the Armistice ended The Great War.
旁白：然后，11 月 11 日，停战协定结束了第一次世界大战。
In San Francisco, the scene was surreal.
在旧金山，场景是超现实的。
Thirty thousand people paraded through the streets -- all dancing, all singing, all wearing masks.
三万人在街上游行——所有人都戴着面具，跳舞、唱歌。
The country had a lot to celebrate -- not only was the war over, but the worst of the epidemic was passing.
这个国家有很多值得庆祝的事情——不仅战争结束了，而且流行病最严重的时期也已经过去了。
DR. FANNIN: In light of our knowledge of influenza and the way it works, we do understand that it probably ran out of fuel, it ran out of people who were susceptible...
博士。范宁：根据我们对流感及其工作方式的了解，我们确实知道它可能耗尽了燃料，耗尽了易感人群......
it's like the firestorm, it sweeps through and it has so many
就像风暴一样，席卷而过，有如此之多
victims and the survivors developed immunity.
受害者和幸存者产生了免疫力。
NARRATION: But for some survivors, like Katherine Anne Porter, the return of health was not the end of pain.
旁白：但对于凯瑟琳·安妮·波特等一些幸存者来说，健康的恢复并不意味着痛苦的结束。
Her dashing lieutenant, who had faithfully tended her, was suddenly dead himself -- of influenza.
她那英俊潇洒、忠实照顾她的副官却突然死于流感。
NARRATION: The lieutenant's death, Porter later said, divided her life in two.
旁白：波特后来说，中尉的死将她的生命一分为二。
PORTER READING: It was one of the most terrible things that ever happened to me -- that he should have died and I should have lived.
波特阅读：这是发生在我身上最可怕的事情之一——他应该死，而我应该活。
He died...
他死了……
And it seems to me that I died then.
在我看来，我当时就死了。
DELANO: And then when we got out again and went back to school, I was shocked to see that my friends were not around, they weren't home.
德拉诺：然后当我们再次出去回到学校时，我很震惊地发现我的朋友们不在身边，他们也不在家。
I would knock on their door and they would open the door just a little bit and says, "No, Jimmy's not here" or "Frankie's not here." or, and, "Where is he?" "Let your mother tell you." They wouldn't tell me, "Let your mother tell you." I was a pretty lonely kid at the time because these were my friends that I played with all those years, and went to school with and when I lost them, why, my whole world changed.
我会敲他们的门，他们会把门稍微打开一点，然后说：“不，吉米不在这里”或“弗兰基不在这里”。或者，“他在哪里？” “让你妈妈告诉你吧。”他们不会告诉我，“让你妈妈告诉你。”当时我是一个非常孤独的孩子，因为这些是我多年来一起玩耍、一起上学的朋友，当我失去他们时，为什么，我的整个世界都变了。
CROSBY: The epidemic killed, at a very, very conservative estimate, it killed 550,000 Americans in ten months, that's more Americans than died in combat in all the wars of this century, and the epidemic killed at least 30 million in the world and infected the majority of the human species.
克罗斯比：根据非常非常保守的估计，这种流行病在十个月内杀死了 55 万美国人，这比本世纪所有战争中死于战斗的美国人还要多，而且这种流行病在世界上杀死了至少 3000 万人，并感染了大多数人类。
NARRATION: As soon as the dying stopped, the forgetting began.
旁白：死亡一停止，遗忘就开始了。
CROSBY: It is in the individual memory of a great many of us, but it's not in our collective memory.
克罗斯比：它存在于我们很多人的个人记忆中，但不在我们的集体记忆中。
That, for me, is the, is the greatest mystery: how we could have forgotten anything so horrendous, so massively horrendous, as this, this epidemic which killed so many of us, killed us so fast and our reaction was to forget it.
对我来说，这就是最大的谜团：我们怎么可能忘记如此可怕的事情，如此巨大的可怕，就像这种流行病杀死了我们这么多人，杀死我们的速度如此之快，而我们的反应就是忘记它。
FANNIN: Why?
范宁：为什么？
Why wasn't that part of our memory?
为什么那不是我们记忆的一部分？
Or of our history.
或者我们的历史。
I think it's probably because it was so awful while it was happening, so frightening, that people just got rid of the memory.
我想可能是因为事情发生的时候太可怕了，太可怕了，所以人们才摆脱了记忆。
But it always lingers there.
但它始终徘徊在那里。
As a kind of an uneasiness.
作为一种不安。
If it happens once before, what's to say it's not going to happen again.
如果以前发生过一次，那么就不会再发生了。
The more we find out about influenza virus, the more real that fear becomes.
我们对流感病毒了解得越多，恐惧就越真实。
NARRATION: The fall of 1918 was a time of horror, a time to forget, but some would always remember.
旁白：1918 年的秋天是一个恐怖的时期，一个令人遗忘的时期，但有些人会永远记得。
MILANI: I remember my mother putting a white sheet or a white piece of cloth over his face and they closed the casket...
米兰尼：我记得我母亲用一张白床单或一块白布盖住他的脸，然后他们关上了棺材......
I can't forget.
我无法忘记。
It was very, very bad.
这非常非常糟糕。
MAXWELL: The effect of my mother's death was that I realized, for the first time and forever, that we were not safe, we were not beyond harm.
麦克斯韦：我母亲去世的影响是，我第一次意识到，我们并不安全，我们并非没有危险。
My father did what he could, he kept us together as a family but, from that time on there was a sadness, which had not existed before, a deep down sadness that never quite went away because, I knew people aren't safe and nobody's safe —terrible things could happen — to anybody.
我的父亲做了他能做的，他让我们作为一个家庭在一起，但从那时起，就有了一种以前不存在的悲伤，一种从未完全消失的内心深处的悲伤，因为，我知道人们不安全，没有人安全——可怕的事情可能发生在任何人身上。
Much has changed since the influenza pandemic of 1918, yet our responses to COVID-19 must still rely on many of the century-old lessons.
自 1918 年流感大流行以来，情况发生了很大变化，但我们对 COVID-19 的应对措施仍然必须依赖许多百年历史的经验教训。
In the spring of 1918, as the nation mobilized for war, Private Albert Gitchell reported to an army hospital in Kansas.
1918 年春天，当全国动员起来参战时，二等兵艾伯特·吉切尔 (Albert Gitchell) 到堪萨斯州的一家陆军医院报到。
He was diagnosed with the flu, a disease doctors knew little about.
他被诊断出患有流感，医生对这种疾病知之甚少。
The worst epidemic in American history, killing over 600,000.
美国历史上最严重的流行病，造成超过 60 万人死亡。
San Francisco was spared during the first wave of influenza in the spring of 1918.
1918 年春天，旧金山在第一波流感中幸免于难。
But as the second wave took its toll on eastern cities, the city prepared for a possible onslaught.
但随着第二波浪潮对东部城市造成影响，该城市为可能的袭击做好了准备。
In early September, city officials in Boston were caught off guard when three civilians dropped dead of influenza.
九月初，三名平民因流感死亡，令波士顿市政府官员措手不及。
In March 1997, a team of pathologists published a report concerning the discovery of genetic material from the influenza of 1918.
1997 年 3 月，一组病理学家发表了一份关于发现 1918 年流感遗传物质的报告。
After the the worldwide 1918 influenza pandemic, there was one key question: Could it happen again?
1918 年全球流感大流行之后，出现了一个关键问题：这种情况会再次发生吗？
Early 20th-century scientists struggled to understand the source of the deadly 1918 influenza epidemic and how best to prevent it.
20 世纪初，科学家们努力了解 1918 年致命流感流行的根源以及如何最好地预防流感。
Read a detailed timeline of the 1918 epidemic that ultimately killed upwards of 600,000 people.
阅读 1918 年这场流行病的详细时间表，该流行病最终导致超过 60 万人死亡。
Watch a video interview with Dr. Alfred Crosby, author of Epidemic and Peace 1918: America's Forgotten Pandemic .
观看《1918 年流行病与和平：美国被遗忘的流行病》一书作者阿尔弗雷德·克罗斯比 (Alfred Crosby) 博士的视频采访。
The surprise pandemic of 1918 shook Americans’ confidence in the medical establishment that had previously found vaccines for other lethal diseases.
1918 年突如其来的大流行动摇了美国人对医疗机构的信心，这些医疗机构此前曾研发出针对其他致命疾病的疫苗。