Alone on the Ice
June, 1934.
1934 年 6 月。
Explorer Richard Byrd lay dying at the bottom of the world.
探险家理查德·伯德躺在世界的底部，生命垂危。
In his diary he wrote: "I see my whole life pass in review.
他在日记中写道：“我看到我的一生都在回顾中度过。
I realize how I have failed to see that the simple, homely, unpretentious things of life are the most."
我意识到我是如何看不到生活中最简单、朴实、朴实的东西是最重要的。”
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd: I think Dad was as well prepared as he could have been but no one could have been prepared for that kind of experience, being ah completely alone under the most difficult of circumstances.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：我认为爸爸已经做好了充分的准备，但没有人能够为这种经历做好准备，在最困难的情况下完全孤独。
Huddled in a one room hut burrowed into the Antarctic ice, Byrd drifted in and out of delirium, but would not call for.
伯德蜷缩在南极冰层中的一间小屋里，时而神志不清，时而神志不清，但他不肯叫人。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: His whole persona had been of the person out on the cutting edge of adventure and the frontier, who really didn't need any help.
莱尔·罗斯，历史学家：他的整个形象就是一个处于冒险和边疆最前沿的人，他真的不需要任何帮助。
Dick Byrd did it alone.
迪克·伯德独自完成了这件事。
Dick Byrd was the great hero.
迪克·伯德是伟大的英雄。
Byrd was already a famous man.
伯德已经是一个名人了。
He had received three ticker tape parades as the first to fly to the North and the South Pole, and as one of the first to fly non-stop across the Atlantic.
作为第一个飞往北极和南极的人，以及第一个直飞大西洋的人，他接受了三场自动收报机游行。
But his greatest achievement would be opening up the vast unknown continent of Antarctica to science and modern.
但他最大的成就是向科学和现代开放了广阔的未知大陆南极洲。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: He dared great things and the people who dare great things have many sides to them.
尤金·罗杰斯，记者：他敢于做伟大的事情，敢于做伟大事情的人有很多方面。
He wanted to contribute to history and science, he wanted to make money, he wanted to become a hero.
他想为历史和科学做出贡献，他想赚钱，他想成为英雄。
And which one won out depended on the circumstances.
而哪一个胜出则取决于具体情况。
The heroic image that Byrd created would not survive intact.
伯德创造的英雄形象不会完好无损地保存下来。
Like all great men, he was driven to succeed, and at some point, bound to fail.
像所有伟人一样，他被驱使去成功，但在某些时候，他注定会失败。
In April, 1926, Lt.
1926 年 4 月，中尉。
Commander Richard Byrd set out from New York for Spitsbergen, Norway.
指挥官理查德·伯德从纽约出发前往挪威斯匹次卑尔根岛。
His ship carried 52 men and an airplane.
他的船载有 52 名船员和一架飞机。
He hoped to be the first to fly to the North Pole.
他希望成为第一个飞往北极的人。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: : Dick Byrd had to be first in anything he did.
莱尔·罗斯，历史学家：迪克·伯德无论做什么都必须是第一。
Ah, I think he felt always that it wasn't worth doing unless he was the first person to do it.
啊，我想他总是觉得除非他是第一个这样做的人，否则不值得这样做。
And this was in Dick Byrd's.
这是在迪克·伯德的店里。
Byrd was in a race against Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole in 1911.
伯德与 1911 年第一个到达南极点的挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森 (Roald Amundsen) 进行比赛。
Already in Spitsbergen, Amundsen hoped to conquer the North Pole in a dirigible.
早在斯匹次卑尔根岛，阿蒙森就希望驾驶飞船征服北极。
When Byrd arrived, he was upset to find a Norwegian boat blocking the pier.
当伯德到达时，他很沮丧地发现一艘挪威船挡住了码头。
He ordered his crew to construct a makeshift raft out of lifeboats.
他命令船员用救生艇搭建一个临时筏。
BYRD Quote: I decided to take chance and get plane ashore somehow.
BYRD 语录：我决定抓住机会，以某种方式让飞机上岸。
We may be licked but don't want to be licked waiting around and doing."
我们可能会被人欺负，但我们不想在等待和行动中被人欺负。”
RAIMOND GOERLER, Byrd Archives: : So in this incredible risky maneuver in which one cake of ice ah, one particularly dangerous wave could have knocked his airplane, his tri-motor into the water.
雷蒙德·戈勒 (RAIMOND GERLER)，伯德档案馆：：因此，在这个令人难以置信的危险动作中，一块冰啊，一个特别危险的波浪可能会将他的飞机、他的三引擎撞入水中。
Byrd does the riskiest thing he's done in is entire career because he was bound and determined that this was his time to make it to the North Pole.
伯德做了他整个职业生涯中做过的最危险的事情，因为他被束缚并决定这是他到达北极的时候了。
When Byrd's plane reached the shore, the Norwegians were impressed.
当伯德的飞机抵达海岸时，挪威人留下了深刻的印象。
"To your health and success," said Amundsen.
“为了您的健康和成功，”阿蒙森说。
"I wish you brilliant accomplishments," replied Byrd.
“我祝愿你取得辉煌的成就，”伯德回答道。
Byrd had long dreamt of being the first to the North Pole and, as a child, had been thrilled by the harrowing accounts of Arctic expeditions.
伯德长期以来一直梦想成为第一个到达北极的人，小时候，他对北极探险的悲惨经历感到非常兴奋。
Born in 1888, Richard Byrd came from one of the first families of Virginia.
理查德·伯德出生于 1888 年，来自弗吉尼亚第一家庭之一。
Once wealthy landowners, the Byrds were wiped out by the Civil War.
伯德家族曾经是富有的地主，但在内战中被消灭了。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: Dick Byrd was born only 23 years after Appomattox, and the whole of the South was demoralized and felt very strongly that it had to prove itself again.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：迪克·伯德出生仅比阿波马托克斯晚 23 年，整个南方士气低落，强烈地感到必须再次证明自己。
Byrd's mother, Eleanor Bolling, was a Southern belle who encouraged her three sons, the proverbial Tom, Dick and Harry to rehabilitate the family name.
伯德的母亲埃莉诺·博林是一位南方美女，她鼓励她的三个儿子，即众所周知的汤姆、迪克和哈利，恢复家族名誉。
His father, Richard Byrd, was a brilliant prosecutor but a solitary man and an alcoholic.
他的父亲理查德·伯德（Richard Byrd）是一位出色的检察官，但却是一个孤独的人，而且是个酒鬼。
He drove his boys hard, fostering in them a desire to succeed.
他严格要求他的孩子们，培养他们对成功的渴望。
Dick was the most adventurous.
迪克是最有冒险精神的。
"Danger was all that thrilled him," his mother said.
“让他兴奋的是危险，”他的母亲说。
In 1900, Byrd was invited to visit his godfather based in the Philippines, halfway around the world.
1900 年，伯德受邀前往远隔半个地球的菲律宾拜访他的教父。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd : My father was extremely excited.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：我的父亲非常兴奋。
His parents ah were not happy about the idea and I think his mother certainly didn't want him to go.
他的父母对这个想法很不满意，我想他的母亲肯定不想让他去。
It was much too dangerous for a small boy, the age of twelve to go alone.
对于一个十二岁的小男孩来说，单独去太危险了。
But Byrd did travel alone - and wrote letters home which were published in the local newspaper.
但伯德确实独自旅行，并写了一封家信，这些信发表在当地报纸上。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: He came back a celebrity and got the first taste of what adventuresome travel could do in the in the sense of awaking public awareness, and inciting public awe.
莱尔·罗斯（LISLE ROSE），历史学家：他以名人身份归来，第一次尝到了冒险旅行在唤醒公众意识和激发公众敬畏方面的作用。
At age 20, Byrd entered the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, in search of the recognition and adventure that he now craved.
20 岁时，伯德进入安纳波利斯美国海军学院，寻求他现在渴望的认可和冒险。
There, he pushed himself, but not in his studies.
在那里，他鞭策自己，但不是在学习上。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Byrd was small, and it made him interested in athletics and in conditioning.
尤金·罗杰斯，记者：伯德身材矮小，这使他对运动和体能训练感兴趣。
And he tried to become a great athlete or a good athlete at any rate, and in fact all his life was very proud of his physique.
他试图成为一名伟大的运动员，或者至少是一名优秀的运动员，事实上，他一生都为自己的体格感到自豪。
A fierce competitor, Byrd broke his foot playing football, then broke it again in gymnastics.
伯德是一位激烈的竞争者，他在踢足球时摔断了脚，然后在体操比赛中又摔断了。
After Annapolis, he fell down a hatch breaking his foot a third time.
在安纳波利斯之后，他第三次从舱门上摔下来，摔断了脚。
Because of his injuries, his career stalled, and he reluctantly retired from the Navy.
由于受伤，他的职业生涯陷入停滞，他无奈地从海军退役。
BYRD Quote: Career ended," he wrote, "trained for a seafaring profession; tempermentally disinclined for business.
BYRD 语录：职业生涯结束了，”他写道，“接受了航海职业培训；性格上不喜欢做生意。
A fizzle."
一声嘶响。”
By this time, Byrd had married his childhood sweetheart, Marie Ames.
此时，伯德已经与他青梅竹马的玛丽·艾姆斯结婚了。
From a prominent Boston family, she was attractive, totally supportive, and the love of his life.
她来自波士顿的一个显赫家庭，很有魅力，完全支持他，也是他一生的挚爱。
Byrd's career was saved by World War I.
第一次世界大战挽救了伯德的职业生涯。
Called back to active duty, he was eventually sent to Pensacola to train in a new field.
他被召回现役，最终被派往彭萨科拉接受新领域的训练。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: He was one of the very early naval aviators.
莱尔·罗斯，历史学家：他是非常早期的海军飞行员之一。
It was almost a foolhardy profession.
It was almost a foolhardy profession.
Men were still learning how to build planes.
人们仍在学习如何建造飞机。
And it was a very, very dangerous profession.
And it was a very, very dangerous profession.
You certainly were going to get hurt if you weren't going to get killed.
如果你不被杀的话，你肯定会受伤。
Though he was afraid of flying, Byrd trained as a navigator and became naval aviator 608.
尽管伯德害怕飞行，但他还是接受了航海员训练，并成为海军 608 飞行员。
He believed this new technology would change the world and help him realize his childhood dreams.
他相信这项新技术将改变世界并帮助他实现儿时的梦想。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: : Byrd reasoned that if he could fly to the North Pole and back in one day in relative comfort and accomplish what the old explorers had taken weeks or months to do that this would gain great publicity for aviation and incidentally for himself.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：：伯德推断，如果他能够相对舒适地飞往北极并在一天内返回，并完成老探险家需要数周或数月才能完成的任务，那么这将为航空界以及顺便为他自己赢得巨大的知名度。
After several frustrating attempts to fly to the Pole as part of a Navy effort, Byrd, now 38, set out to raise funds for his own Arctic expedition.
作为海军努力的一部分，伯德多次尝试飞往极地，但均以失败告终，现年 38 岁的伯德开始为自己的北极探险活动筹集资金。
Impressed by his vision, Ford, Rockefeller and others contributed.
福特、洛克菲勒和其他人对他的远见印象深刻，做出了贡献。
Newspaper rights netted him more money.
报纸版权为他带来了更多的钱。
Byrd's future was riding on the success of his flight from Spitsbergen to the Pole.
伯德的未来取决于他从斯匹次卑尔根岛飞往极地的成功飞行。
His first attempt was a failure.
His first attempt was a failure.
Just before take off, the landing skis collapsed.
就在起飞前，着陆滑雪板塌陷了。
Byrd was in desperate need of help.
伯德迫切需要帮助。
It came from an unexpected source, Bernt Balchen, a member of Amundsen's team.
它来自一个意想不到的来源，阿蒙森团队的成员 Bernt Balchen。
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN, former wife of Bernt Balchen: He was a flyer and a very good pilot and he also was a very handy person.
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN，伯恩特·巴尔兴 (Bernt Balchen) 的前妻：他是一名飞行员和一名非常优秀的飞行员，而且他也是一个非常方便的人。
He could do practically anything with his two hands.
他几乎可以用两只手做任何事情。
RAIMOND GOERLER, Byrd Archives: Balchen helped to fashion special skis using the oars of the life boats.
RAIMOND GERLER，伯德档案馆：Balchen 使用救生艇的桨帮助制作特殊的滑雪板。
Balchan also advises Byrd that the best time to take off is late at night when the temperatures are cold, and the runway is iced over and is slicker.
巴尔坎还建议伯德，起飞的最佳时间是深夜，此时气温较低，跑道结冰且更光滑。
On May 9th, navigator Byrd, and pilot, Floyd Bennett, took off in the light of the Arctic night.
5 月 9 日，领航员伯德和飞行员弗洛伊德·贝内特在北极夜色中起飞。
What happened next is still a matter of debate.
接下来发生的事情仍然是一个有争议的问题。
According to Byrd, they discovered an oil leak 100 miles short of the pole, but kept going.
据伯德称，他们在距离极点 100 英里的地方发现了漏油，但仍继续前进。
After eight and a half hours, Byrd scribbled a note to Bennett.
八个半小时后，伯德给贝内特写了一张纸条。
BYRD Quote: Radio that we have reached the pole, and are now returning with one motor with bad oil leak, but expect to be able to make Spitsbergen.
BYRD 报价：广播称我们已经到达极点，现在带着一台漏油严重的发动机返回，但预计能够到达斯匹次卑尔根岛。
Byrd returned much earlier than expected so the landing had to be restaged for the cameras.
伯德返回的时间比预期早得多，因此必须为摄像机重新拍摄着陆过程。
The flight was an American triumph.
这次飞行是美国的胜利。
Byrd's logs were sent to the National Geographic Society, the sponsor of the expedition.
伯德的日志被发送给这次探险的赞助商国家地理学会。
The Society verified Byrd's claim - after minting a gold medal honoring him.
该协会在铸造了一枚金牌以纪念伯德后，证实了他的说法。
Promoted to Commander by an act of Congress, Byrd said he had now entered the hero business.
伯德根据国会法案晋升为指挥官，他说他现在已经进入了英雄行业。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Byrd was extremely popular after his North Polar flight.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：伯德在北极飞行后非常受欢迎。
He was an aviator and aviators were great heroes of the day.
He was an aviator and aviators were great heroes of the day.
Byrd was an explorer, explorers were famous at the time.
伯德是一位探险家，探险家在当时是很有名的。
And besides that he was a handsome man, reputed to be a model person -- didn't drink, curse, go out with women.
除此之外，他是一个英俊的男人，被誉为模范人物——不喝酒、不骂人、不和女人出去。
Ah, he was the kind of a man that women hoped their daughters would marry.
啊，他就是那种女人都希望女儿嫁的男人。
After the celebrations, Byrd went home to Boston.
庆祝活动结束后，伯德回到波士顿的家中。
By this time, he was the father of four young children.
此时，他已是四个孩子的父亲。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, Daughter of Admiral Byrd: All of the children had a very difficult time with his absences.
博林·伯德·克拉克（BOLLING BYRD CLARKE），伯德海军上将的女儿：他缺席后，所有的孩子都度过了一段非常艰难的时光。
He was missed mightily and very much we looked forward to his return.
我们非常想念他，我们非常期待他的回归。
The most fun we had was during the summertimes because he loved being with us.
我们最开心的是夏天，因为他喜欢和我们在一起。
I just wanted to be with him all the time, to, ah, listen to his wonderful stories and, of course, it was such an adventure to be with him.
我只是想一直和他在一起，啊，听他精彩的故事，当然，和他在一起真是一次冒险。
He thought of all kinds of fun things to do.I adored him, and when he left, I really missed him.
他想到了各种有趣的事情要做。我很崇拜他，当他离开时，我真的很想念他。
Soon after the North Pole flight, questions began to surface in the foreign press.
北极飞行后不久，外国媒体开始提出质疑。
Some reporters doubted whether he could have made the fifteen hundred mile journey to the pole and back in so short a time.
一些记者怀疑他能否在如此短的时间内完成一千五百英里的往返旅程。
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN, former wife of Bernt Balchen: They said that they had seen a plane on the horizon and couldn't believe it because they didn't, hadn't expected the "Josephine Ford" to come back that quickly and ah so one of the ah reporters at the time, an aviation reporter for the Norwegian paper, "Aften Posten", questioned it right away.
伯恩特·巴尔钦 (Bernt Balchen) 的前妻贝丝·巴尔钦·乌尔巴恩 (BESS BALCHEN URBAHN)：他们说，他们看到一架飞机在地平线上，简直不敢相信，因为他们没有，没想到“约瑟芬·福特”这么快就回来了，啊所以当时的一位记者，挪威报纸《后邮报》的航空记者立即对此提出质疑。
Others doubted Byrd in private.
其他人私下里对伯德表示怀疑。
That summer, Bernt Balchen and the North Pole pilot, Floyd Bennett, took the Josephine Ford on a cross country promotional tour.
那年夏天，伯恩特·巴尔钦 (Bernt Balchen) 和北极飞行员弗洛伊德·贝内特 (Floyd Bennett) 驾驶约瑟芬·福特 (Josephine Ford) 进行了一次越野宣传之旅。
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN, former wife of Bernt Balchen: Bernt as always kept a very careful log and he realized that the plane wasn't as fast as it was supposed to be and he knew that something was wrong, that it couldn't have reached the North Pole and finally asked Bennett and Bennett definitely told Bernt Balchen that they had not reached it.
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN, former wife of Bernt Balchen: Bernt as always kept a very careful log and he realized that the plane wasn't as fast as it was supposed to be and he knew that something was wrong, that it couldn't have reached the North Pole and finally asked Bennett and Bennett definitely told Bernt Balchen that they had not reached it.
Balchen kept this story to himself.
巴尔钦把这个故事留给了自己。
Clearly, staying on Byrd's good side was a smart move for an ambitious young pilot.
显然，对于一位雄心勃勃的年轻飞行员来说，站在伯德一边是明智之举。
But doubts about the flight persist.
But doubts about the flight persist.
Did Byrd fall short of the Pole, and if so, by how much and did he know it?
伯德是否未达到北极点？如果是，落后了多少？他知道吗？
The flight diary doesn't resolve the question Was Byrd's career as an explorer launched on a lie?
The flight diary doesn't resolve the question Was Byrd's career as an explorer launched on a lie?
LISLE ROSE, Historian: : Dick Byrd believed very strongly that life was a struggle.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：迪克·伯德坚信生命就是一场斗争。
It wasn't something that you eased into and eased through.
这不是你可以轻松进入并轻松度过的事情。
One became a hero through repeated search for transcendent challenges.
One became a hero through repeated search for transcendent challenges.
And the supreme arena for surmounting them was Antarctica.
And the supreme arena for surmounting them was Antarctica.
One year after the North Pole flight, Byrd announced his next exploit.
北极飞行一年后，伯德宣布了他的下一个壮举。
He planned to be the first man ever to fly over the South Pole.
He planned to be the first man ever to fly over the South Pole.
Operating out of a suite in the Hotel Biltmore, Byrd began organizing the most ambitious polar expedition ever.
Operating out of a suite in the Hotel Biltmore, Byrd began organizing the most ambitious polar expedition ever.
NORMAN VAUGHAN, expedition member: I was studying at Harvard College one night and the door opened and in came the "Boston Transcript", the evening paper of the city, and there with banner headlines it said, "Byrd to the South Pole." I read it and at that moment I decided I wanted to go.
诺曼·沃恩，探险队成员：一天晚上，我在哈佛大学学习，门打开了，报纸《波士顿成绩单》进来了，这是该市的晚报，上面的横幅标题是“伯德到南极”。 I read it and at that moment I decided I wanted to go.
Norman Vaughan was among the 10,000 who volunteered.
Norman Vaughan was among the 10,000 who volunteered.
Byrd wanted men with spirit - of mind and courage, and Vaughan fit the bill.
Byrd wanted men with spirit - of mind and courage, and Vaughan fit the bill.
Byrd was also counting on the donation of goods and services, and on raising over 500,000 dollars in cash.
Byrd was also counting on the donation of goods and services, and on raising over 500,000 dollars in cash.
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: At that time Antarctic expeditions weren't financed by the government.
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: At that time Antarctic expeditions weren't financed by the government.
They were solely financed by the people running the expeditions.
They were solely financed by the people running the expeditions.
So Byrd had to raise all the money for his expedition himself.
So Byrd had to raise all the money for his expedition himself.
And ah Byrd made himself a show business property.
啊伯德让自己成为了演艺界的财产。
Byrd signed up with a lecture bureau, arranged a book deal, sold syndication rights to "The New York Times," and the film rights to Paramount Pictures which assigned two cameraman to the expedition.
伯德与演讲局签约，安排了一项图书交易，将联合版权出售给《纽约时报》，并将电影版权出售给派拉蒙影业公司，派拉蒙影业公司指派了两名摄影师参加这次探险。
Contributions came in from philanthropists, business leaders, and even school children.
Contributions came in from philanthropists, business leaders, and even school children.
Edsel Ford donated an airplane.
埃德塞尔·福特捐赠了一架飞机。
In the midst of the preparations, Byrd was devastated when he learned of the sudden death of pilot, Floyd Bennett.
在准备过程中，伯德得知飞行员弗洛伊德·贝内特突然去世的消息后悲痛欲绝。
Bennett had been Byrd's right hand man and closest friend.
贝内特是伯德的得力助手和最亲密的朋友。
He would be hard to replace.
他很难被取代。
Byrd soon named Bernt Balchen to head the aviation unit but postponed selecting a new pilot for the South Pole flight.
伯德很快任命伯恩特·巴尔钦（Bernt Balchen）领导航空部门，但推迟了为南极飞行选择新飞行员的计划。
The Byrd Antarctic Expedition was ready to go in the fall of 1928.
The Byrd Antarctic Expedition was ready to go in the fall of 1928.
Four ships would carry 3 planes, 95 dogs, 650 tons of supplies, and 42 men headed for the most dangerous adventure of their lives.
Four ships would carry 3 planes, 95 dogs, 650 tons of supplies, and 42 men headed for the most dangerous adventure of their lives.
"The New York Times" already had written an obituary for each man.
《纽约时报》已经为每个人写了讣告。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Antarctica is a very inhospitable place.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：南极洲是一个非常荒凉的地方。
I think it's something like Mars, it's as close to another planet as we can get on earth.
我认为它就像火星一样，是我们在地球上能到达的最接近的另一个星球。
It's the driest place on earth, the coldest, the windiest.
这是地球上最干燥、最寒冷、风最大的地方。
There are no plants there.
There are no plants there.
It's desolate, desolate with a capital D, and dangerous.
这里荒凉，荒凉，大写的D，而且危险。
Antarctica has, has killed men.
Antarctica has, has killed men.
They've fallen off mountains, fallen into the sea and drowned, froze to death, gone mad.
他们从山上掉下来，掉进海里淹死，冻死，发疯。
It's a terrible place to live.
It's a terrible place to live.
Traveling through the Panama Canal, across the Pacific, and down past New Zealand, the expedition took 2 months to reach Antarctica.
探险队穿越巴拿马运河，横渡太平洋，经过新西兰，历时两个月到达南极洲。
When the men began unloading supplies, a great chunk of ice crashed into one of the ships.
当人们开始卸载补给品时，一大块冰块撞上了其中一艘船。
A crewman, Benny Roth, fell into the water.
A crewman, Benny Roth, fell into the water.
NORMAN VAUGHAN, expedition member: Benny Roth was yelling for help, "I can't swim" and as Byrd started to climb over the taftrail and to jump into the water, I among others grabbed him and pulled him back, and the second we released our grip on his clothing, like a cat he was over the rail.
诺曼·沃恩，探险队成员：本尼·罗斯大声呼救，“我不会游泳”，当伯德开始爬过栏杆并跳入水中时，我和其他人一起抓住了他，把他拉了回来，当我们松开他的衣服时，他像一只猫一样越过了栏杆。
A lifeboat rescued Benny Roth before Byrd could get to him.
在伯德赶到之前，一艘救生艇救出了本尼·罗斯。
But this was not the only time he had jumped into dangerous waters to save one of his men.
但这并不是他第一次跳入危险的水域拯救他的一名手下。
LISLE ROSE, HIstorian: : Dick Byrd had, I think, a natural visceral instinctive sense of responsibility toward others.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：我认为迪克·伯德对他人有一种天生的、本能的本能责任感。
And I think this, this showed itself in the way he would fling himself off decks to save sailors that were drowning.
我认为这一点从他从甲板上跳下拯救溺水水手的方式中就可以看出。
An officer took care of his men.
An officer took care of his men.
Byrd had to work quickly to prepare for the brutal Antarctic winter - 4 months of total darkness from May through August.
伯德必须迅速工作，为南极的严酷冬季做好准备——从五月到八月，这四个月都是完全黑暗的。
Byrd chose a site for the base camp nine miles inland.
伯德选择了在内陆九英里处作为大本营的地点。
It took 3 months just to unload.
It took 3 months just to unload.
Expedition members, dressed in kangaroo hide boots, caribou gloves and fur parkas, set up the camp.
探险队成员穿着袋鼠皮靴子、驯鹿手套和毛皮大衣，建立了营地。
Byrd called it Little America.
Byrd called it Little America.
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: : Having to build a base for 42 men that would last them for a year and a half.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：必须为 42 名男子建造一个可以维持一年半的基地。
He was really building a, a tiny little city.
He was really building a, a tiny little city.
Bringing his stuff to the base, erecting it under awful conditions of sub-zero temperatures and fierce winds and snow-storms and ice that was as hard as concrete to dig into, it was a great undertaking.
将他的东西带到基地，在零度以下的温度、狂风、暴风雪和像混凝土一样坚硬的冰层的恶劣条件下将其竖立起来，这是一项伟大的任务。
Even before Little America was finished, the ships had to leave Antarctica before the ice pack froze them in.
甚至在《小美国》完工之前，船只就必须在冰块冻结之前离开南极洲。
NORMAN VAUGHAN, expedition member: : That was a tremendous moment.
诺曼·沃恩（NORMAN VAUGHAN），探险队成员：：那是一个伟大的时刻。
We realized then that that was our last connection or possible connection with the outside world, our home, our family, our life until next year.
We realized then that that was our last connection or possible connection with the outside world, our home, our family, our life until next year.
Alone on the ice, Byrd and his men pushed to get work done before winter set in.
伯德和他的手下独自一人在冰上，努力在冬天来临之前完成工作。
The South Pole flight was still nine months away and though it was his primary goal, Byrd had also pledged to conduct scientific research.
距离南极点飞行还有九个月的时间，尽管这是他的首要目标，伯德也承诺进行科学研究。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Antarctica was virgin territory for scientists.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：南极洲是科学家的处女地。
Glaciologists had to study how much ice was there and how it moved.
冰川学家必须研究那里有多少冰以及它是如何移动的。
The weathermen had to study the air patterns, the geologists had to study the rocks down there.
气象学家必须研究空气模式，地质学家必须研究那里的岩石。
So gathering scientific knowledge about Antarctica was very important at the time.
所以收集有关南极洲的科学知识在当时是非常重要的。
But Byrd's personal passion lay in discovering uncharted territory and in being the one to claim it for the United States.
但伯德个人的热情在于发现未知领域并为美国占领这一领域。
From the air, he was able to map huge areas and make headlines back home.
他能够从空中绘制大片地区的地图，并成为家乡的头条新闻。
A "New York Times" reporter was on the expedition.
一名《纽约时报》记者参与了这次探险。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Russell Owen had to send his reports to the "Times" through the radio operators, who would send it by Morse Code back to New York.
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Russell Owen had to send his reports to the "Times" through the radio operators, who would send it by Morse Code back to New York.
Byrd had left standing orders with the operators to give him these reports so he could look them over before they were sent, and he often penciled in things that he wanted and penciled out things he didn't want.
Byrd had left standing orders with the operators to give him these reports so he could look them over before they were sent, and he often penciled in things that he wanted and penciled out things he didn't want.
One story that was rewritten was the discovery of a vast territory by three other men from Byrd's expedition.
一个被重写的故事是伯德探险队的另外三人发现了一片广阔的领土。
The news was reported in "The Times" but with Byrd as the hero.
《泰晤士报》报道了这一消息，但主角是伯德。
RAIMOND GOERLER, Byrd Archives: There is, I think very good evidence of a need to control everything on the expedition including any big news stories.
RAIMOND GOERLER, Byrd Archives: There is, I think very good evidence of a need to control everything on the expedition including any big news stories.
He was the ah leader of the expedition, the ah he was ah personally responsible for all its ah finances and he simply did not want to share credit for the discoveries of the expedition with anybody.
He was the ah leader of the expedition, the ah he was ah personally responsible for all its ah finances and he simply did not want to share credit for the discoveries of the expedition with anybody.
The winter night brought an end to exploration.
The winter night brought an end to exploration.
The planes were stored in igloo hangers, and the dogs boarded in icy kennels.
飞机存放在冰屋机库中，狗则寄宿在冰冷的狗舍中。
The perpetual darkness and temperatures as low as 72 degrees below zero drove the men into an underground existence.
永久的黑暗和低至零下 72 度的气温迫使人们进入地下生活。
NORMAN VAUGHAN, expedition member: Well you felt quite trapped.
诺曼·沃恩（NORMAN VAUGHAN），探险队成员：好吧，你感觉自己被困住了。
You're in one building with tunnels connecting to another building.
您所在的建筑物有隧道连接到另一栋建筑物。
The living space was as cramped as it could be.
The living space was as cramped as it could be.
In the house where I was it was a very small quarters and two tiered bunks on four walls and just a stove and that' s all there was in that room.
In the house where I was it was a very small quarters and two tiered bunks on four walls and just a stove and that' s all there was in that room.
As a precaution against fumes and asphyxiation, they turned off their stoves at night.
为了防止烟雾和窒息，他们在晚上关掉炉子。
The men lived mostly on frozen provisions, supplemented by whale and seal meat.
这些人主要靠冷冻食品为生，辅以鲸鱼和海豹肉。
They spent the winter preparing for the spring expeditions and dealt with the monotony by playing games, watching movies and performing skits for each other.
They spent the winter preparing for the spring expeditions and dealt with the monotony by playing games, watching movies and performing skits for each other.
Whatever face Byrd put on for the men, he felt very alone and depended on his wife for moral support.
无论伯德对男人们表现出什么样的态度，他都感到非常孤独，并且依赖妻子的精神支持。
"Darling," Marie wrote.
“亲爱的，”玛丽写道。
MARIE BYRD Quote: I'm wondering if the time will ever come when we can be like human beings and have a real home.
玛丽·伯德 (MARIE BYRD) 语录：我想知道我们是否会像人类一样拥有一个真正的家。
Glory and fame may be all right but we have certainly paid well for them.
荣耀和名誉也许没什么问题，但我们确实为它们付出了高昂的代价。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd : My mother was a very exceptional woman.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：我的母亲是一位非常杰出的女性。
It must have been extremely difficult for her to carry on alone with the responsibilities of the family and home.
对于她来说，独自承担家庭和家庭的责任一定是非常困难的。
Dear Daddy, I love you very much.
Dear Daddy, I love you very much.
I wish you would be home more.
我希望你能多回家。
I think I would get along much better in school if you were here.
我想如果你在的话我在学校会相处得更好。
Dicky
迪基
The separation from home was hard on all the men.
与家分离对所有男人来说都是艰难的。
Enveloped in darkness, Little America became a pressure cooker.
在黑暗的笼罩下，小美国变成了一个高压锅。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: So people get on each other's nerves.
尤金·罗杰斯（EUGENE RODGERS），记者：所以人们会让彼此感到紧张。
They ah, blew up at each other.
They ah, blew up at each other.
They tended to get what they call, the big eye, in Antarctica, even today, where they just stare because they were depressed and had little stimulation.
They tended to get what they call, the big eye, in Antarctica, even today, where they just stare because they were depressed and had little stimulation.
Byrd had been warned about this by other polar explorers who told him, watch out for the winter.
其他极地探险家曾警告伯德这一点，他们告诉他，要小心冬天。
It's a very dangerous time in Antarctica.
现在是南极洲非常危险的时期。
Though the Paramount cameramen made the winter look like good clean fun, there were fist fights, and an episode when one man stalked another with a gun.
Though the Paramount cameramen made the winter look like good clean fun, there were fist fights, and an episode when one man stalked another with a gun.
Alcohol was another problem.
酒精是另一个问题。
Byrd, among others, was a heavy drinker, and parties frequently became all night binges.
伯德和其他人一样，是个酗酒者，聚会经常变成通宵狂欢。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: : He wasn't leading officers and enlisted men in a naval expedition.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：他并没有率领军官和士兵参加海军远征。
He was leading very individualistic scientists, adventurers, students, people who really had been pretty well used to living their own life and after all volunteered for the Byrd expedition because they wanted adventure.
He was leading very individualistic scientists, adventurers, students, people who really had been pretty well used to living their own life and after all volunteered for the Byrd expedition because they wanted adventure.
Finally, in August, the sun returned to Antarctica.
终于，到了八月，太阳又回到了南极洲。
The men began to prepare for the flight to the South Pole.
男人们开始准备飞往南极。
But Byrd had not yet revealed who would be the pilot.
但伯德尚未透露谁将担任飞行员。
The secrecy caused tension and upset Bernt Balchen.
这种保密造成了紧张气氛，让伯恩特·巴尔钦 (Bernt Balchen) 心烦意乱。
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN, former wife of Bernt Balchen: It bothered Bernt that Byrd had a closed personality.
BESS BALCHEN URBAHN，Bernt Balchen 的前妻：伯德性格封闭，这让 Bernt 很困扰。
He would take people to the side and talk to one on one.
他会把人们带到一边，一对一地交谈。
Instead of talking to everybody if he had a problem or if he wanted something specific done he should have addressed the whole group of them.
如果他遇到问题或者想要完成某些特定的事情，他不应该与每个人交谈，而是应该向整个团队讲话。
Though there was tension between the two men, they needed each other.
尽管两个人之间关系紧张，但他们彼此需要。
Byrd depended on Balchen's superior skill as a pilot, and Balchen wanted to share in the glory of another polar first.
伯德依赖巴尔钦作为飞行员的卓越技能，而巴尔钦希望分享另一项极地第一的荣耀。
Finally, Byrd told Balchen, "You will fly to the South Pole with me."
最后，伯德告诉巴尔钦：“你将和我一起飞往南极。”
It was Thanksgiving day, 1929 when Byrd's plane, the "Floyd Bennett", left for the Pole.
1929 年感恩节那天，伯德的飞机“弗洛伊德·贝内特”飞往极地。
The take off was smooth but there was soon trouble.
起飞很顺利，但很快就遇到了麻烦。
The plane was too heavy to get over the high mountain range on the edge of the polar plateau.
飞机太重，无法飞越极地高原边缘的高山。
Balchen and Byrd were forced to dump their emergency food supplies, but still the plane could not get high enough.
巴尔钦和伯德被迫倾倒紧急食品供应，但飞机仍然无法飞得足够高。
They were heading directly for a mountain peak.
他们直奔一座山峰而去。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: Experienced pilot that he was, Bernt Balchen knew there was a cold mass of air pouring over the polar plateau, and there was probably an updraft somewhere if he could find it.
记者尤金·罗杰斯：伯恩特·巴尔钦是一位经验丰富的飞行员，他知道极地高原上空有一股冷空气倾泻而下，如果他能找到的话，某处可能存在上升气流。
So he flew over to a mountain wall.
于是他飞到了一座山壁上。
And lo and behold, there was an updraft there.
你瞧，那里有一股上升气流。
He got just enough of an updraft to boost the plane high, enough to get over the peak.
他得到了足够的上升气流来将飞机推高，足以越过顶峰。
They flew over the mountain and they were home safe.
他们飞过了山，安全到家了。
The plane circled the pole.
飞机绕着杆子转了一圈。
Byrd sent a radio message, "My calculations indicate that we have reached the vicinity of the South Pole." The news was immediately relayed to New York and broadcast over loudspeakers in Times Square.
伯德发来无线电信息：“我的计算表明我们已经到达南极附近了。”消息立即传到纽约，并通过时代广场的扩音器播放。
The expedition had been a remarkable achievement.
这次探险取得了非凡的成就。
After fourteen months on the ice, Byrd and his men headed home.
在冰上待了十四个月后，伯德和他的队员们回家了。
In June, 1930, the expedition arrived in New York.
1930年6月，探险队抵达纽约。
Now promoted to Admiral, Byrd was honored with his biggest ticker tape parade.
现在晋升为海军上将的伯德很荣幸地参加了他最大规模的行情磁带游行。
But there was no time for a break.
但没有时间休息。
Byrd was secretly planning another expedition and had to cash in on the last one.
伯德正在秘密计划另一次探险，并不得不在最后一次探险中获利。
He published a book, "Little America," a self-promoting account of his two years in Antarctica and supervised the editing of the Paramount film in his home.
他出版了一本书《小美国》，自我宣传描述了他在南极洲的两年经历，并在家里监督了派拉蒙电影的剪辑。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd: I remember them splicing film together and I would sneak down the backstairs and peek ah between the cracks of the door.
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE，伯德海军上将的女儿：我记得他们把胶片拼接在一起，我会偷偷溜下后楼，从门缝里偷看。
EUGENE RODGERS, Journalist: This documentary won the Academy Award for best photography.
尤金·罗杰斯，记者：这部纪录片获得了奥斯卡最佳摄影奖。
It was a terrible documentary though, I must say that.
虽然这是一部糟糕的纪录片，但我必须说。
It didn't really fit the history correct.
它确实不符合正确的历史。
It was made to show Byrd as a great hero, and to bring tears and sweat from the audience.
它是为了展现伯德作为一个伟大的英雄，并为观众带来泪水和汗水。
It wasn't really historically true.
这在历史上并不真实。
Not everyone fell for it.
并不是每个人都喜欢它。
A few 'New York sophisticates,' as Byrd called them, thought that the all-American image was wearing thin.
一些伯德称他们为“纽约老练”的人认为，全美形象已经日渐衰弱。
But to most Americans, Byrd was still a hero - though the relentless schedule of public appearances was a trial for such a private man.
但对大多数美国人来说，伯德仍然是英雄——尽管无情的公开露面对这样一个低调的人来说是一种考验。
BYRD Quote: What a pity it is that I have to keep a stiff upper lip and go thru all kinds of stuff when I ought to be out in the woods, away from everybody.
伯德语录：多么遗憾的是，当我应该去树林里，远离所有人的时候，我却必须保持沉默并经历各种各样的事情。
In 1931, Byrd announced a second expedition to Antarctica, to map more territory and to conduct scientific research.
1931 年，伯德宣布第二次前往南极洲探险，绘制更多领土地图并进行科学研究。
He would also have to come up with another spectacular and dangerous exploit to top his South Pole flight.
他还必须想出另一项壮观而危险的尝试来完成他的南极飞行。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: : So he keeps this momentum of movement and of action and of achievement going.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：因此，他保持了这种运动、行动和成就的势头。
He's really almost a guy on a treadmill.
他几乎就是一个在跑步机上跑步的人。
The times had changed.
时代变了。
The country was mired in the Great Depression, and money was scarce.
该国陷入大萧条，资金匮乏。
Byrd had to market himself aggressively to attract contributions and supplies for the expedition.
伯德必须积极推销自己，为这次探险吸引捐款和物资。
It was easier to get.
更容易得到。
STEVENSON COREY, expedition member: : I was kind of at the crossroads and no roots down, particularly in business and it was a challenge to find out, as I was tough as these fellows that were doing these things.
史蒂文森·科里（STEVENSON COREY），探险队成员：：我正处于十字路口，没有扎根，尤其是在商业领域，找出答案是一个挑战，因为我和这些做这些事情的人一样坚强。
Byrd's second expedition got underway in 1933.
伯德的第二次探险于 1933 年开始。
From the beginning, it was a media event.
从一开始，这就是一场媒体活动。
Byrd made a deal with CBS to produce weekly broadcasts from Antarctica.
伯德与哥伦比亚广播公司达成协议，每周制作南极洲的广播节目。
General Foods was the sponsor and Grape Nuts, the official cereal of the expedition.
通用食品公司是本次探险队的赞助商，葡萄坚果公司是这次探险的官方谷物食品。
The first of over sixty scripted broadcasts was made from the ship on the way down.
六十多个有脚本的广播中的第一个是在船上下沉时进行的。
ANNOUNCER (archival): : Stand by all America for now we are attempting the most spectacular feat in the annals of radio - a two-way broadcast from and to the Byrd expedition.
播音员（档案）：：现在，我们正在尝试广播史上最壮观的壮举——伯德探险队的双向广播。
Now in the Pacific on the way to Antarctica...
现在在太平洋上，正在前往南极洲的途中......
BYRD (archival): : Good evening, my friends of the Columbia and General Foods.
BYRD（档案）：：晚上好，哥伦比亚和通用食品公司的朋友们。
We confidently believe that in that lost world, aviation will find something of real value to humanity.
我们坚信，在那个失落的世界中，航空将找到对人类真正有价值的东西。
What we seek lies deep in Antarctica the last refuge of mystery and the unknown.
我们所寻求的，就在南极洲深处，那里是神秘和未知的最后避难所。
Treacherous conditions plagued the men from the start.
从一开始，危险的条件就困扰着这些人。
Every day huge chunks of the ice shelf broke off.
每天都有大块冰架破裂。
The route to Little America was so hazardous, it became known as Misery Trail.
通往小美洲的路线非常危险，因此被称为“苦难之路”。
The dangers facing the expedition were featured in press reports sent home.
发回国内的新闻报道中重点介绍了探险队面临的危险。
MURPHY Press Report: Yesterday a tractor narrowly missed plunging into a crevasse.
墨菲新闻报道：昨天，一辆拖拉机险些陷入裂缝。
The trail suddenly crumpled underneath the rear treads, exposing a crevasse sixty feet deep.
小路突然在后踏板下面塌陷，露出了六十英尺深的裂缝。
The man in charge of all the press and radio on the expedition was Charles Murphy, a CBS correspondent who had written Byrd's biography and was his most trusted advisor.
负责这次探险的所有新闻和广播的人是查尔斯·墨菲（Charles Murphy），他是哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）的记者，为伯德写了传记，也是他最值得信赖的顾问。
RAIMOND GOERLER, Byrd Archives: Charles Murphy, is very media astute.
雷蒙德·戈勒 (RAIMOND GERLER)，伯德档案馆：查尔斯·墨菲 (Charles Murphy) 非常熟悉媒体。
This is a man who ah even before Byrd's ah expedition ah was involved in cultivating Byrd's ah image as a hero.
这是一个人啊，甚至在伯德啊远征之前啊就参与了塑造伯德啊英雄形象的。
And he was very much concerned that that image be maintained.
他非常关心这种形象能否维持。
For two years, Byrd had been planning a dramatic event.
两年来，伯德一直在策划一场戏剧性的事件。
No one had ever spent a winter in the interior of Antarctica.
没有人曾在南极洲内陆度过过冬天。
Byrd would build a remote weather station far south of Little America where two or three men could live and conduct meteorological research during the long winter night.
伯德将在小美洲以南遥远的地方建造一个偏远的气象站，两三个人可以在那里居住并在漫长的冬夜进行气象研究。
But secretly Byrd had been thinking about going alone.
但伯德私下里一直在考虑独自前往。
Now, difficult conditions caused delays and sealed his fate.
现在，困难的条件导致了延误并决定了他的命运。
Byrd would go out to the weather station, Advance Base, by himself - with cold, darkness and solitude his only companions.
伯德会独自前往气象站——前进基地——寒冷、黑暗和孤独是他唯一的伙伴。
Byrd confided to Murphy that he had no other choice.
伯德向墨菲透露，他别无选择。
MURPHY Journal: Feb.
墨菲杂志：二月。
18, 1934 Impossible to move out enough equipment for three men.
1934 年 12 月 18 日 无法搬出足够三个人使用的设备。
To take another, he said , would incur the almost inescapable suspicion of homosexuality.
他说，再拿一个，就会招致几乎不可避免的同性恋嫌疑。
To do it alone he felt wise and proper When Byrd announced his decision to the camp, many were opposed.
当伯德向阵营宣布他的决定时，许多人表示反对。
STEVENSON COREY, expedition member: : I said to him "bluntly Admiral, there are 56 men here on the ice, 55 of us are better equipped to go out to that base than you are, you're needed here." And, he laughed and he said, "Oh, I wouldn't ask anyone to do something that I wouldn't do myself."
史蒂文森·科里，探险队成员：：我对他说：“上将，直白地说，冰上有 56 个人，我们中的 55 个人比你更有能力前往那个基地，这里需要你。”他笑着说：“哦，我不会要求任何人做我自己不会做的事情。”
MURPHY Journal: Feb.
墨菲杂志：二月。
18, 1934 It has interested me how well a man could stand solitude.
1934 年 10 月 18 日 我对一个人如何能够忍受孤独很感兴趣。
Also, I have had a lot of expeditions and have had to put up with things and with men especially that have robbed them of satisfaction.
而且，我经历过很多次探险，不得不忍受一些事情和人，尤其是那些剥夺了他们满足感的事情。
This will be without those disadvantages.
这将没有这些缺点。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: In going to Advance Base, I think Dick Byrd had run out of ideas in what to do in terms of aviation.
莱尔·罗斯，历史学家：在前往前进基地时，我认为迪克·伯德在航空方面已经没有了想法。
So he really needed something I think spectacular as a means of effectively putting him before the public as this intrepid polar explorer and unique individual.
因此，他确实需要一些我认为引人注目的东西，作为有效地将他作为一个勇敢的极地探险家和独特的个体展现在公众面前的手段。
Before he left, Byrd instructed his men not to attempt a rescue before the return of full daylight in six months.
离开之前，伯德指示他的手下在六个月后天亮之前不要尝试救援。
In a last minute note to Murphy, he admitted, "I am no radio operator, so the radio will possibly fail.
在给墨菲的最后一刻的说明中，他承认：“我不是无线电操作员，因此无线电可能会发生故障。
This should not be any cause for worry." Once the crew completed building the 9 x 13 foot hut, Byrd was flown to the base, 123 miles south of Little America, and left alone.
这不应该令人担心。”工作人员完成建造 9 x 13 英尺的小屋后，伯德就被空运到小美洲以南 123 英里处的基地，然后独自离开。
BYRD Quote: March 28 They have gone at last.
BYRD 报价：3 月 28 日 他们终于走了。
For over two hundred days, I'll see no human being or any living thing.
两百多天里，我看不到任何人或任何生物。
The winter night is near.
冬夜临近了。
The temperature is bitter, from 40 to 60 below.
气温很冷，40度到60度以下。
For the first two months, Byrd kept busy with his routine of weather observations and spent time listening to music, reading, and trying to cook.
在最初的两个月里，伯德一直忙于日常的天气观测，花时间听音乐、读书和尝试做饭。
BYRD Quote: I have located very little of the food and don't know how to cook anyhow.
BYRD 语录：我找到的食物很少，而且不知道如何烹饪。
I found some canned greens and a Virginia ham mother sent me and lived high off of those yesterday.
我昨天找到了一些罐装蔬菜和一条母亲送给我的弗吉尼亚火腿，靠这些过着幸福的生活。
The greens were frozen so hard I had to use a chisel to cut it into chunks for warming.
蔬菜冻得很硬，我不得不用凿子把它切成块来加热。
Back at Little America, the men tried to keep busy throughout the winter night.
回到小美国，人们努力让整个冬夜保持忙碌。
Their weekly radio programs provided comic relief.
他们每周的广播节目提供了喜剧效果。
It was Murphy's job to write the scripts and to cajole the men into performing.
墨菲的工作是编写剧本并哄骗人们表演。
"Little America, Byrd expedition calling from Little America.
“小美国，伯德探险队从小美国打来电话。
Temperature tonight - 59 below.
今晚气温 - 59 度以下。
Tonight we introduce for the first and probably last time, a composition.
今晚我们第一次，也可能是最后一次，介绍一首作曲。
It is called "Penguins'."
它被称为“企鹅”。
JOSEPH HILL, expedition member: : And our illustrious singing group was the Knights of the Gray Underwear.
约瑟夫·希尔（JOSEPH HILL），探险队成员： ：我们著名的歌唱团体是“灰色内衣骑士团”。
Dr. Gill Morgan, our seismologist was our organist.
我们的地震学家吉尔·摩根博士是我们的风琴师。
And I sang tenor.
我唱男高音。
It was more as an amusement, but I do believe based on reports from home that I think people really did look forward to that program every week.
这更多的是一种娱乐，但我确实相信，根据家里的报告，我认为人们确实每周都期待着这个节目。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd: The Saturday nights when they had the broadcasts from Little America, Mother would wake us up, take us down to ah Dad's big bed.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：周六晚上，当他们收到小美国的广播时，母亲会把我们叫醒，带我们到爸爸的大床上。
It's a great big Italian bed and ah I can remember the static and listening to the broadcast down there, they were very exciting.
这是一张很棒的意大利大床，啊我记得那里的静电声和广播，非常令人兴奋。
On June 21st, Byrd radioed Murphy a surprising message.
6 月 21 日，伯德通过无线电向墨菲发送了一条令人惊讶的信息。
He said he wanted to come home three months ahead of schedule.
他说他想提前三个月回家。
Byrd then cut the contact short saying that fumes from his stove made him feel a little 'rocky.' He signed off, as usual, with 'Cheerio.' What Byrd didn't reveal was that he had been desperately ill.
伯德随后中断了联系，称炉子发出的烟雾让他感觉有点“不稳定”。他像往常一样以“Cheerio”结束。伯德没有透露的是，他病得很重。
Three weeks earlier, he had collapsed from carbon monoxide poisoning.
三周前，他因一氧化碳中毒而倒下。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: He basically was poisoned for a prolonged period of time by fumes, which he thought were coming from his stove, but in fact were coming from his generator.
莱尔·罗斯，历史学家：他基本上是被烟雾毒害了很长一段时间，他认为这些烟雾来自他的炉子，但实际上是来自他的发电机。
He went through a pretty terrible ordeal.
他经历了相当可怕的磨难。
Byrd became dizzy and confused.
伯德感到头晕、困惑。
He couldn't keep food down and wracking pain made it almost impossible to sleep.
他无法控制食物，剧烈的疼痛让他几乎无法入睡。
He lay in the freezing cold, struggling between hope and despair.
他躺在冰天雪地里，在希望与绝望之间挣扎。
BYRD Quote: Hardest battle I have is to keep from taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
BYRD 语录：我面临的最艰难的战斗就是避免服用过量的安眠药。
Horrible to think of leaving Marie alone with the four children.
想到让玛丽独自和四个孩子在一起，我感到很可怕。
Decision not to call for help based upon how they would want me to act.
根据他们希望我如何行事而决定不寻求帮助。
Fully expect to die.
完全期待着死亡。
Byrd's radio contacts with Little America became erratic and his Morse code almost indecipherable.
伯德与小美国的无线电联系变得不稳定，他的莫尔斯电码几乎无法辨认。
JOSEPH HILL, expedition member: : We began the suspicion that something was wrong with him when he would miss a, a contact, or have trouble staying on the air very long.
约瑟夫·希尔 (JOSEPH HILL)，探险队成员：：当他错过一次联系或无法长时间保持通话时，我们开始怀疑他出了什么问题。
And as time went on this became so frequent that we decided that something was really wrong, and something had to be done.
随着时间的推移，这种情况变得如此频繁，以至于我们认为确实出了问题，必须采取措施。
STEVENSON COREY, expedition member: : We held several meetings in the mess hall, and there were factions.
STEVENSON COREY，探险队成员：：我们在食堂举行了几次会议，其中存在派别。
Some were saying "well he asked for it, now let him stew in his own juice for a while." Others fought and said, "no the old man's out there, he needs help, let's go out and rescue him."
有人说：“好吧，他自找的，现在就让他在自己的果汁里炖一会儿吧。”还有人打架说：“不对，老人在外面，他需要帮助，我们出去救他吧。”
On July 20th, a tractor party left Little America for Advance Base.
7 月 20 日，一支拖拉机队离开小美国前往前进基地。
Murphy's press release reports a perilous trip for scientific research.
墨菲的新闻稿报道了一次危险的科学研究之旅。
No mention was made of Byrd's illness or of a rescue.
没有提及伯德的病情或救援情况。
JOSEPH HILL, expedition member: We were very concerned about the men that were running the tractors to go out after him.
约瑟夫·希尔，探险队成员：我们非常担心那些开着拖拉机追赶他的人。
Recognizing the difficulties, we knew that they were risking their lives literally to do it.
认识到困难后，我们知道他们确实是在冒着生命危险来做这件事。
50 miles out, the tractors ran into huge field of crevasses.
50 英里外，拖拉机遇到了大片裂缝。
The tractor party wired Murphy.
拖拉机队给墨菲发了电报。
MURPHY Report: Unable to locate trail around crevassed area.
墨菲报告：无法找到裂缝区域周围的踪迹。
Many flags completely covered under snow.
许多旗帜完全被雪覆盖。
Inadvisable to proceed.
不建议继续进行。
Murphy instructed them to come back.
墨菲指示他们回来。
He wanted to wait a month when daylight would return before risking another attempt.
他想等一个月，等天亮后再冒险再次尝试。
But for the next three days, Little America was unable to contact Advance Base.
但接下来的三天里，小美国一直无法联系上前进基地。
Finally, they received from Byrd an explicit call for rescue.
最后，他们收到了伯德的明确救援请求。
Murphy wrote in his diary,
墨菲在日记中写道，
MURPHY Quote: Making ready for a second dash to advance base the Admiral has called for it...God help us all if anything goes wrong.
墨菲语录：准备第二次冲进基地，海军上将呼吁这样做……如果出现任何问题，上帝会帮助我们所有人。
But the second attempt failed because of engine problems.
但第二次尝试因发动机问题而失败。
Murphy then received another desperate message from Byrd.
随后墨菲又收到了伯德发来的另一条绝望的信息。
BYRD Quote: "Charlie and Bill, what in God's name is matter - do something - use all resources - do not risk life - can't keep this up.
伯德引用：“查理和比尔，看在上帝的份上，重要的是——做点什么——利用所有资源——不要冒生命危险——不能再这样下去了。
August 5, 1934
1934 年 8 月 5 日
On August 8th, a tractor carrying 3 men set out once again.
8月8日，一辆载着3人的拖拉机再次出发。
By now, Murphy and the others were certain Byrd was close to death.
现在，墨菲和其他人确信伯德已经濒临死亡。
JOSEPH HILL, expedition member: We waited for the reports back from the tractor party on how they were proceeding, what difficulties they were encountering.
约瑟夫·希尔（JOSEPH HILL），探险队成员：我们等待拖拉机队返回的报告，了解他们的进展情况以及遇到的困难。
And just holding our breath literally from report to report.
我们只是屏住呼吸从一个报告到另一个报告。
For three days, the rescue party pushed through bitter cold and darkness and finally reached Byrd.
救援队历时三天，冒着严寒和黑暗，终于抵达伯德。
The men found him thin and weak, his cabin littered with debris.
人们发现他又瘦又弱，他的小屋里到处都是碎片。
But he was still alive
但他还活着
LISLE ROSE, Historian: He wanted to do this as a spectacular act of courage and so on.
莱尔·罗斯（LISLE ROSE），历史学家：他想把这当作一次令人惊叹的勇气之举等等。
But I don't think he ever expected to run into the disaster that he did.
但我认为他从未预料到会遇到他所经历的灾难。
There's very strong indication in the documents that he was embarrassed and one could even say that he was humiliated by the fact that he didn't finish his time at advance base.
文件中非常明显地表明他感到尴尬，甚至可以说他因没有完成在先遣基地的工作而感到羞辱。
The tractor party sent a confidential message to Murphy:
拖拉机党向墨菲发送了一条机密信息：
Message from Tractor Party: REB feels unhappy about his status with the public.
来自拖拉机党的消息：REB 对他在公众中的地位感到不满。
He feels that he is pretty well sunk and that this may make it impossible for him to make up expedition debt.
他觉得自己已经彻底沉没了，这可能让他无法偿还远征债务。
8/14
8/14
Six months after Byrd's rescue, the expedition headed home.
伯德获救六个月后，探险队启程回家。
Byrd had claimed more land and conducted important scientific research, but privately, he felt he had failed.
伯德声称拥有更多土地并进行了重要的科学研究，但私下里，他觉得自己失败了。
He was 47 years old.
他今年 47 岁。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd : Here was a man whom I had last seen straight-backed, black haired man and here he was, coming down the gang plank, holding on to both sides of it stooped, with some of his hair having turned gray and all I wanted to do was to just run out to him and tell him how much I loved him and how happy I was to see him.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：这是我最后一次见到的那个人，他是个直背、黑发的男人，他就在这里，从舷梯上走下来，抓住两边的木板，弯着腰，他的一些头发已经花白了，我只想跑到他身边，告诉他我有多爱他，见到他我有多高兴。
FDR (archival): " and I extend to all of you in behalf of the American people a hearty welcome home.
罗斯福（档案）：“我代表美国人民向你们所有人表示热烈欢迎回家。
And let me add just one thing from the heart.
让我补充一件事。
Dick, I salute you."
迪克，我向你致敬。”
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd : After all the speeches were over, the crowds broke through the ropes and I can remember that I just rushed right through and up to Dad and he turned to me and he said, "not here dear, later when we're alone" and I was crushed.
博林·伯德·克拉克，伯德海军上将的女儿：所有演讲结束后，人群冲破绳索，我记得我直接冲到爸爸身边，他转向我说，“亲爱的，等会儿我们单独的时候”，我被压垮了。
It had been about three years since I had seen him last.
自从我上次见到他以来，已经过去三年了。
Now Dad was raised at a time when you didn't express outwardly love or pain.
现在，爸爸是在你不表达外在的爱或痛苦的时代长大的。
He may have been crying inside as much as I was but you didn't do that in public.
他可能和我一样内心哭泣，但你没有在公共场合这样做。
Three years later, Byrd published Alone, an heroic version of his isolation at Advance base.
三年后，伯德出版了《孤独》，这是他在前进基地与世隔绝的英雄版本。
It became a bestseller.
它成为畅销书。
The book was meant to pave the way for Byrd's next expedition.
这本书的目的是为伯德的下一次探险铺平道路。
But within a short time, polar exploration would be in the hands of the U.S.government.
但在很短的时间内，极地探险将掌握在美国政府手中。
Eventually, Byrd was needed only as a figurehead.
最终，伯德只被需要作为一个傀儡。
LISLE ROSE, Historian: : He was trapped in his own self image of the intrepid polar explorer who overcame great odds and who had to go back time and time and time again to find new trials and new tests of strength.
历史学家莱尔·罗斯：他陷入了自己的形象中，即勇敢的极地探险家克服了巨大的困难，必须一次又一次地回去寻找新的考验和新的力量考验。
When he said to people, they don't want me anymore, what he meant was, they didn't want him as he perceived himself, as the leader of polar expeditions.
当他对人们说，他们不再需要我时，他的意思是，他们不想要他所认为的自己，作为极地探险队的领导者。
No longer running the show, Byrd spent more time with Marie and his family.
伯德不再主持节目，而是花更多时间与玛丽和他的家人在一起。
Perhaps, he found some solace in what he had learned from his time at Advance Base.
或许，他从在前进基地学到的东西中找到了一些安慰。
BOLLING BYRD CLARKE, daughter of Admiral Byrd: Out of this experience, his sense of values changed and his faith grew.
博林·伯德·克拉克（BOLLING BYRD CLARKE），伯德海军上将的女儿：通过这次经历，他的价值观发生了变化，他的信仰也增长了。
And he said, in the final analysis, only two things really mattered and that was the affection and the understanding of his family.
他说，归根结底，真正重要的只有两件事，那就是家人的爱和理解。
Byrd made his last trip to the ice in 1955.
伯德最后一次冰上之旅是在 1955 年。
Two years later, the man who introduced America and generations of scientists to Antarctica died of heart failure at the age of 68.
两年后，这位将美国和几代科学家引入南极洲的人因心力衰竭去世，享年 68 岁。
Byrd's statue at Arlington National Cemetery immortalizes the heroic persona that he spent his life creating.
阿灵顿国家公墓的伯德雕像永垂不朽地体现了他一生所创造的英雄形象。
But that image would be tarnished.
但这种形象将会被玷污。
In 1971, Bernt Balchen went public with his claim that years earlier pilot Floyd Bennett had told him that Byrd had not reached the North Pole.
1971 年，伯恩特·巴尔钦 (Bernt Balchen) 公开声称，几年前飞行员弗洛伊德·贝内特 (Floyd Bennett) 曾告诉他，伯德尚未到达北极。
Whatever the truth, the claim cast a shadow over the legacy of the last great polar explorer.
无论真相如何，这一说法给这位最后一位伟大的极地探险家的遗产蒙上了阴影。
In an editorial after Byrd's death, The "New York Times" wrote "such men are not easy characters.
《纽约时报》在伯德去世后的一篇社论中写道：“这样的人不是容易相处的人物。
They burn with a bright flame.
它们燃烧时发出明亮的火焰。
They go on their way alone, partly because they stand on a narrow summit."
他们独自前行，部分原因是他们站在狭窄的山顶上。”
View the location and plans of Byrd's advance base.
查看伯德先遣基地的位置和平面图。
In 1902, Robert Scott, Edward Wilson and Ernest Shackleton make the first attempt to reach the South Pole.
1902 年，罗伯特·斯科特、爱德华·威尔逊和欧内斯特·沙克尔顿首次尝试到达南极点。
Arctic adventurers Richard E.
北极探险家理查德·E.
Byrd, Roald Amundsen, and lincoln Ellsworth had much in common.
伯德、罗尔德·阿蒙森和林肯·埃尔斯沃斯有很多共同点。
William Beebe was one of this century's leading pioneers into the oceanic world.
威廉·毕比是本世纪进入海洋世界的主要先驱之一。
A native of Tveit, Norway, Balchen first gained experience in Arctic flying when he served with Roald Amundsen.
巴尔钦出生于挪威特维特，在与罗尔德·阿蒙森一起服役时首次获得了北极飞行经验。
Charles Murphy, the CBS correspondent who accompanied Byrd on his second Antarctic expedition played a major role in crafting the public persona of Richard Byrd.
陪同伯德第二次南极探险的哥伦比亚广播公司记者查尔斯·墨菲在塑造理查德·伯德的公众形象方面发挥了重要作用。
Floyd Bennett was also a history-making aviator, though there is evidence that he tried to shrug off the label.
弗洛伊德·贝内特也是一位创造历史的飞行员，尽管有证据表明他试图摆脱这个标签。
Joseph Hill, mechanic on Byrd's Antarctica Expedition, was interviewed in 1998 for the documentary Alone on the Ice.
约瑟夫·希尔 (Joseph Hill) 是伯德南极探险队的机械师，他于 1998 年接受纪录片《冰上孤独》的采访。
Journalist Eugene Rogers was interviewed in 1998 for the documentary Alone on the Ice.
1998 年，记者尤金·罗杰斯 (Eugene Rogers) 因纪录片《冰上孤独》(Alone on the Ice) 接受采访。
Bess Balchen Urbahn, former wife of Bernt Balchen, was interviewed in 1998 for the documentary Alone on the Ice.
Bernt Balchen 的前妻 Bess Balchen Urbahn 于 1998 年接受纪录片《冰上孤独》的采访。
Bolling Byrd Clarke, daughter of Richard E.
博林·伯德·克拉克 (Bolling Byrd Clarke)，理查德·E·博林 (Richard E.
Byrd, was interviewed in 1998 for the documentary Alone on the Ice.
伯德于 1998 年接受纪录片《冰上孤独》的采访。
Raimond Goerler, Archivist of the Byrd Polar Center Archives at Ohio State University, was interviewed in 1998 for the documentary Alone on the Ice.
雷蒙德·戈勒 (Raimond Goerler) 是俄亥俄州立大学伯德极地中心档案馆的档案管理员，1998 年接受纪录片《冰上孤身》采访。