Hoover Dam
Narrator: : It has been called an American pyramid — a sixty-story colossus of concrete, built in the middle of a desert every bit as brutal as in ancient Egypt.
旁白：它被称为美国金字塔——一座六十层高的混凝土巨人，建在沙漠中央，与古埃及一样残酷。
T.
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H.
H.
Watkins, Author/Historian: : Hoover Dam changed the history of the West.
沃特金斯，作家/历史学家：：胡佛水坝改变了西方的历史。
This is the biggest damned dam that anybody had ever seen.
这是任何人见过的最大的该死的水坝。
Donald Wolf, Author/Engineer: : There were many people who said it was physically impossible to build Hoover Dam, engineers who said that.
唐纳德·沃尔夫（Donald Wolf），作者/工程师：：有很多人说建造胡佛水坝在物理上是不可能的，工程师也这么说。
Narrator: : In the 1930s, thousands of unemployed men came to this desolate canyon and, for a few dollars a day, risked their lives to build Hoover Dam.
旁白：：20世纪30年代，成千上万的失业男子来到这个荒凉的峡谷，为了每天几美元的收入，冒着生命危险修建了胡佛水坝。
One hundred twelve died on the job, while extreme heat and working conditions brought illness or injury to uncounted others.
一百一十二人在工作中死亡，而极端的高温和工作条件给无数人带来了疾病或伤害。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : Everybody that came here was desperate or they left before they even got a job.
伊拉·克莱门茨-戴维 (Ila Clements-Davey)，工人的女儿：：来到这里的每个人都感到绝望，或者甚至在找到工作之前就离开了。
It was…about the worst nightmare you could think of working in.
这是……你能想到的工作中最糟糕的噩梦。
Narrator: : Their challenge was to harness the country’s wildest river, the mighty Colorado, to bring water, power and people to the Southwest.
旁白：他们面临的挑战是利用该国最狂野的河流——强大的科罗拉多河，为西南地区带来水、电力和人口。
Now, in a more environmentally-conscious age, many wish Hoover Dam had never been built.
现在，在一个更加注重环保的时代，许多人希望胡佛水坝从未建成。
Yet it stands as a monument to the ingenuity, and the sheer human will, that forever changed the face of America.
然而，它是永远改变美国面貌的聪明才智和纯粹人类意志的纪念碑。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : I loved that old river.
摄影师戴维斯：：我喜欢那条古老的河流。
It was beautiful.
很漂亮。
I’d swam the river, I’d boated the river, I’d taken people up the river on trips…
我在河里游泳，在河里划船，带人们沿河而上旅行……
I felt bad to see it tamed, to tell you the truth.
说实话，看到它被驯服，我感到很难过。
Narrator: : The Colorado was a river unlike any other— dark and red with mud and silt from carving out the planet’s most magnificent canyons.
旁白：科罗拉多河是一条与其他河流不同的河流，河水呈暗红色，充满了地球上最壮丽的峡谷留下的泥土和淤泥。
It ran wild until 1901, when Western farmers set out to tame it.
它一直野生到 1901 年，西方农民开始驯服它。
Their plan was to water the desert.
他们的计划是给沙漠浇水。
Developers dug a canal system that brought the River into lower California, and turned parched soil into a vast agricultural paradise they called the Imperial Valley.
开发商挖掘了一条运河系统，将河流引入加利福尼亚州下游，并将干涸的土壤变成了广阔的农业天堂，他们称之为帝王谷。
For four bountiful years, farmers thought they were living a miracle.
在丰收的四年里，农民们认为他们正在经历一个奇迹。
Then, without warning, the river struck back.
然后，在没有任何警告的情况下，河流发起了反击。
In 1905 the Colorado tore open the canal and flooded the valley, creating an inland sea across 150 square miles.
1905 年，科罗拉多河冲垮了运河，淹没了山谷，形成了 150 平方英里的内海。
Over the next two decades, floods would wipe out thousands of farmers.
在接下来的二十年里，洪水将消灭成千上万的农民。
Millions of dollars were lost.
损失了数百万美元。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : The river was an enemy, and only in short periods of time could you look at it as a useful river.
美国垦务局布莱恩·哈曼 (Blaine Hamann)：这条河是敌人，只有在很短的时间内你才能将其视为一条有用的河流。
Most of the time it was something that would kill you or ruin your farm.
大多数时候，它会杀死你或毁掉你的农场。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : The Colorado River was out of control and everybody says, “We have no dams, we need a dam,” and people started seriously looking at where to put a dam after 1907, up and down the river.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：科罗拉多河失控了，每个人都说，“我们没有水坝，我们需要一座水坝”，1907 年之后，人们开始认真考虑在河流上游和下游的何处修建水坝。
Narrator: : The 1,400-mile Colorado became the obsession of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the agency charged with finding ways to irrigate the arid West.
旁白： 1,400 英里长的科罗拉多州成为美国垦务局的痴迷对象，该机构负责寻找灌溉西部干旱地区的方法。
In 1920, the Bureau embarked on an ambitious plan to dam the Colorado and distribute its water hundreds of miles in every direction.
1920 年，该局开始实施一项雄心勃勃的计划，在科罗拉多河上筑坝，并向各个方向输送数百英里的水。
It was called the Boulder Canyon Project.
它被称为博尔德峡谷项目。
Survey crews were sent down the treacherous river to look for the best place to build what would be the largest dam in America.
勘测人员被派往危险的河流下游，寻找建造美国最大水坝的最佳地点。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : One of the slogans at the time for the river was that it was “too thick to drink and too thin to plow.”
美国垦务局布莱恩·哈曼 (Blaine Hamann)：当时这条河的口号之一是“河水太稠，无法饮用，太稀，无法耕种”。
Narrator: : The battle to conquer the Colorado soon turned deadly.
旁白：：征服科罗拉多河的战斗很快就变成了致命的。
On December 20th, 1922, a surveyor, J.G.
1922 年 12 月 20 日，测量员 J.G.
Tierney, fell off a boat and drowned.
蒂尔尼从船上掉下来淹死了。
Tierney was the first man to die working on the project.
蒂尔尼是第一个死于该项目的人。
Man (archival): : This is the site in the Black Canyon, picked first by Homer Hamlin in nineteen hundred and seventeen.
人类（档案）：：这是黑峡谷中的地点，由荷马·哈姆林 (Homer Hamlin) 在 1917 年首先选择。
The dam will be about…
大坝将大约...
Narrator: : After four years of surveys and tests, Bureau engineers chose Black Canyon, on the Arizona-Nevada border, as the site for Boulder Dam.
旁白：经过四年的勘察和测试，局工程师选择了位于亚利桑那州和内华达州边境的黑峡谷作为博尔德水坝的选址。
But the $165 million price tag for a Western water system made the Eastern establishment nervous.
但西部供水系统 1.65 亿美元的标价让东部当局感到紧张。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : The thing is, this was not a done deal, politically.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员： 问题是，这在政治上还没有达成。
It had to be sold in Washington, DC, it had to be sold to Congress.
它必须在华盛顿特区出售，必须出售给国会。
Politics had been dominated in the East.
政治一直在东方占主导地位。
To talk about flood control in the West was to allow the West to get up and ask for more than they had been asking for.
谈论西方的防洪问题，就是让西方站起来，提出比他们一直要求的更多的要求。
Narrator: : An uncommon sight began to spring up in the rugged canyon — politicians running the river in three-piece suits.
旁白： 崎岖的峡谷里开始出现了一种罕见的景象——政客们穿着三件套在河边奔跑。
One of them was Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce, and a former engineer.
其中之一是商务部长、前工程师赫伯特·胡佛。
In 1922 Hoover negotiated an agreement among the seven western states that shared rights to the water to be captured by the proposed Dam.
1922 年，胡佛在西部七个州之间谈判达成了一项协议，共享对拟建大坝捕获的水的权利。
With the contract in hand, the project cleared its first big political hurdle.
合同签订后，该项目扫清了第一个重大政治障碍。
But convincing Congress to send millions out West for the most expensive public project ever seemed impossible…
但说服国会派遣数百万人前往西部进行有史以来最昂贵的公共项目似乎是不可能的……
until the Bureau came up with the way to pay for it—electricity.
直到局里想出了一个支付方式——电费。
By selling the dam’s hydroelectric power, the Bureau would fuel the growth of farms and cities across the emerging Southwest.
通过出售大坝的水力发电，该局将推动新兴西南地区农场和城市的发展。
Los Angeles, its ever-sprawling metropolis, would be by far the single biggest customer.
洛杉矶这个不断扩张的大都市将是迄今为止最大的客户。
W.P.
W.P.
Whitsett, Chairman, Metropolitan Water District (archival): : We here in Southern California, we’re building a great empire.
惠特塞特，大都会水区主席（档案）：：我们在南加州，正在建设一个伟大的帝国。
If we are to survive and to grow, we must have the water that will enable us to maintain our mastery over the desert.
如果我们要生存和成长，我们就必须拥有水，使我们能够维持对沙漠的统治。
Narrator: : In 1929, after twelve years of intense lobbying, Congress finally authorized the funds.
旁白： 1929年，经过十二年的激烈游说，国会终于批准了这笔资金。
It was welcome news for a nation fallen on hard times.
对于一个陷入困境的国家来说，这是一个值得欢迎的消息。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : We was in a depression, flat on its back, belly up.
摄影师戴维斯：：我们处于凹陷处，背部平躺，腹部朝上。
The press made an announcement that the government was going to build the largest dam in the world, so I went over to a car lot and bought a ’26 Essex car for $75 dollars, got into it and took off for Las Vegas.
媒体宣布政府将建造世界上最大的水坝，所以我去了一个汽车停车场，花了 75 美元买了一辆 26 年的埃塞克斯汽车，坐上它前往拉斯维加斯。
Narrator: : Las Vegas, of all places.
旁白： ：拉斯维加斯，最重要的地方。
Thirty miles from Black Canyon, it was the only town anywhere near the dam site.
它距离黑峡谷三十英里，是靠近坝址的唯一城镇。
Suddenly, thousands of jobless Americans were heading for a down-on-its-luck railroad stop in the middle of nowhere.
突然间，成千上万失业的美国人正前往一个荒无人烟的倒霉火车站。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : They were desperate for work.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：：他们迫切需要工作。
And they were coming from anywhere and everywhere.
他们来自世界各地。
Las Vegas was the mecca.
拉斯维加斯是圣地。
Las Vegas was an opportunity, Las Vegas was a place to bring one’s family and maybe have a livelihood.
拉斯维加斯是一个机会，拉斯维加斯是一个可以带着家人一起生活的地方，也许还有一个谋生的地方。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : Everybody took for granted that there was a job, might be a job available when they got there.
摄影师戴维斯：每个人都理所当然地认为有一份工作，而且当他们到达那里时可能会有一份工作。
But the government didn’t warn the people that building of the dam wouldn’t start for almost a year, there wouldn’t be any jobs.
但政府没有警告人们，大坝的建设要近一年才能动工，不会有任何就业机会。
And to come out and set up camp out in the desert was a pretty rough deal.
出来在沙漠里扎营是一件相当艰难的事情。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : People were living hand to mouth, living at the Union Pacific Railroad Station on the grass, courthouse grass.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员： ：人们过着勉强糊口的生活，住在联合太平洋火车站的草地上，法院大楼的草地上。
The town was overwhelmed.
小镇被淹没了。
Narrator: : Others moved farther out toward Black Canyon, to a deadly, desert place they called Ragtown.
旁白：：其他人则向黑峡谷更远的方向移动，到达一个他们称之为拉格敦的致命沙漠地方。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : There was just nothing.
Ila Clements-Davey，工人的女儿：什么也没有。
There was no facilities.
没有任何设施。
Nothing.
没有什么。
It was just, you dumped the family out in the desert and that’s it.
只是，你把家人扔到了沙漠里，仅此而已。
And down where we were it was like 130 degrees.
我们所在的地方温度大约为 130 度。
And my mother and father didn’t even have a tent.
我的父母甚至没有帐篷。
And my grandmother was so afraid, she didn’t think that we’d live through it.
我的祖母非常害怕，她认为我们无法度过难关。
And she says, “I don’t think I’ll ever see you again.
她说：“我想我再也见不到你了。
Won’t you please reconsider and come.” And Mother said, “No, I’ve got to be with my husband.”
请你考虑一下再过来好吗？”妈妈说：“不行，我必须和我丈夫在一起。”
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : I suspect most people came from places where things were green.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：我怀疑大多数人都来自绿色的地方。
There was nothing green around here.
这里周围没有任何绿色的东西。
Everything was baked, and hot, and brown.
一切都烤好了，又热又棕色。
This was their future.
这就是他们的未来。
As scary as it looked, as fearful as this terrain was, this was their future and they knew it.
尽管看起来很可怕，这片土地也很可怕，但这就是他们的未来，他们知道这一点。
Narrator: : By the summer of 1930, the government had not yet hired a contractor to build the Dam.
旁白： ： 到 1930 年夏天，政府还没有聘请承包商来建造大坝。
But the Bureau did begin laying rail and phone lines from Las Vegas out to Black Canyon.
但该局确实开始铺设从拉斯维加斯到黑峡谷的铁路和电话线。
It hardly solved the unemployment problem, but it was a start.
它很难解决失业问题，但这是一个开始。
On September 17th, Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior for Herbert Hoover, who was now President, came out to drive a silver railroad spike and mark the project’s official beginning.
9月17日，现任总统赫伯特·胡佛的内政部长雷·莱曼·威尔伯出来推动银色铁路道钉，标志着该项目的正式开始。
Most Americans blamed Hoover for doing nothing about the Depression, and he badly needed some good press.
大多数美国人指责胡佛对大萧条无所作为，他迫切需要一些好的媒体报道。
Wilbur, wearing a wool suit in 100-degree heat, had his work cut out for him.
威尔伯在 100 度的高温下穿着羊毛套装，他的工作很顺利。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : Secretary Wilbur drove the spike, he missed it about three or four times.
戴维斯，摄影师：：威尔伯部长击中了钉子，他大约有三四次错过了。
And of course there was a lot of miners in the background to tell him what a poor punk he was.
当然，背后有很多矿工告诉他他是一个多么可怜的小混混。
I think that he was quite embarrassed.
我想他一定是很尴尬的。
Narrator: : But Wilbur’s most lasting blow was struck in his closing remarks.
旁白：：但是威尔伯最持久的打击是在他的结束语中。
Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior (archival): : I have the honor and privilege of giving a name to this new structure.
雷·莱曼·威尔伯（Ray Lyman Wilbur），内政部长（档案）：：我很荣幸为这个新建筑命名。
In Black Canyon, under the Boulder Canyon Project Act, it shall be called the Hoover Dam.
在黑峡谷，根据博尔德峡谷项目法，它应被称为胡佛水坝。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : That really went over like lead balloon.
摄影师戴维斯：：那真的像铅气球一样过去了。
Boy, you should have heard them.
孩子，你应该听过他们的声音。
They hooted and they hollered and called him a sonofabitch and everything else they could think of.
他们大喊大叫，骂他是狗娘养的，还有他们能想到的各种骂人的话。
Narrator: : The Dam’s new name would be a subject of dispute for the next seventeen years.
旁白：：大坝的新名称将在接下来的十七年里成为争议的话题。
Builders from around the country came to study Black Canyon.
来自全国各地的建设者前来研究黑峡谷。
But whoever did the job would have to come up with a $5 million performance bond, a risk far beyond the means of any one construction company.
但无论谁完成这项工作，都必须缴纳 500 万美元的履约保证金，这一风险远远超出了任何一家建筑公司的承受能力。
In the West, a group of independent contractors formed a partnership they called Six Companies.
在西方，一群独立承包商组成了一个合伙企业，他们称之为“六家公司”。
Prominent among them were Henry Kaiser, an ambitious young road builder from Oakland, California, and his mentor, Warren A.
其中最突出的是来自加利福尼亚州奥克兰的一位雄心勃勃的年轻道路建设者亨利·凯撒（Henry Kaiser）和他的导师沃伦·A·凯撒（Warren A.
Bechtel, a powerful old-line San Francisco contractor.
柏克德公司（Bechtel）是旧金山一家实力雄厚的老牌承包商。
T.
T。
H.
H.
Watkins, Author/Historian: : The compelling temptation to build this thing drove them.
沃特金斯，作家/历史学家：：建造这个东西的强烈诱惑驱使着他们。
They just wanted it.
他们只是想要它。
There was money to be made.
有钱可赚。
But there was something beyond that.
但除此之外还有一些事情。
This was the biggest project that anybody had ever thought of.
这是任何人都曾想到过的最大的项目。
Narrator: : The men of Six Companies would be gambling their money and their reputations.
旁白：：六连的人将用他们的金钱和名誉来赌博。
But they had an ace in the hole—the one man they believed could pull it off—an engineer named Frank Crowe.
但他们有一张王牌——他们相信能够成功的人——一位名叫弗兰克·克罗的工程师。
Donald Wolf, Author/Engineer: : He was a commander, a field commander.
唐纳德·沃尔夫（Donald Wolf），作者/工程师：：他是一名指挥官，一名战地指挥官。
Everybody knew he was good at his work.
每个人都知道他工作出色。
Everybody knew he was firm and fair and consistent.
每个人都知道他坚定、公平、始终如一。
What he loved best was gettin’ his boots muddy down in the river bottoms building dams.
他最喜欢做的事情就是让靴子沾满泥巴，在河底修筑水坝。
Narrator: : Frank Crowe had once been the Bureau of Reclamation’s Number One dam builder.
旁白：弗兰克·克罗曾经是垦务局的第一大坝建造者。
But when the Bureau decided to hire outside contractors for their most ambitious dam ever, Crowe quit his government job and signed on with the men who planned to build it.
但当该局决定为他们有史以来最雄心勃勃的大坝雇用外部承包商时，克罗辞去了政府工作，并与计划建造大坝的人签约。
Al M.
阿尔·M.
Rocca, Crowe Biographer: : He was wild to build that dam.
克罗传记作者罗卡：：他非常想建造那座大坝。
This was his dream.
这是他的梦想。
And he wanted to be known as the greatest dam builder who ever lived in America.
他希望成为美国有史以来最伟大的水坝建造者。
When Frank Crowe appeared on the scene, he was unmistakable, let’s put it that way, at, uh, six foot-three to six foot-four in height.
当弗兰克·克罗出现在现场时，他的身高是显而易见的，呃，六英尺三到六英尺四。
A commanding presence that made a lot of men feel like, wow, he’s the boss.
一种威严的存在让很多男人感觉，哇，他是老板。
Narrator: : But even a man like Frank Crowe was unprepared for a place like Black Canyon.
旁白：：但即使像弗兰克·克罗这样的人也对黑峡谷这样的地方毫无准备。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : It looks like it could be some place on the moon.
Blaine Hamann，美国垦务局：：看起来它可能是月球上的某个地方。
Nothing but hard solid rock and deep canyon.
除了坚硬的岩石和深邃的峡谷之外什么也没有。
Everything was just harsh, harsh, harsh.
一切都那么严酷、严酷、严酷。
Narrator: : A Six Companies engineer admitted they “were all scared stiff.” The government’s plans called for a massive concrete wedge over 700 feet high, twice as tall as the Statue of Liberty, and two football fields wide at the bottom.
旁白：：六公司的一名工程师承认他们“都吓坏了”。政府的计划要求建造一个超过 700 英尺高的巨大混凝土楔子，是自由女神像的两倍高，底部有两个足球场宽。
Workers would have to build two power plants at the base, and dig four long tunnels through hard canyon rock to divert the river around the work site.
工人们必须在基地建造两座发电厂，并在坚硬的峡谷岩石中挖掘四条长隧道，以将工地周围的河流引流。
They would need to pour 4 1/2 million cubic yards of concrete— enough for a two lane road from Los Angeles to Boston— and build a city in the desert, virtually overnight, to house 5,000 workers and their families.
他们需要浇筑 4.5 万立方码的混凝土——足够建造从洛杉矶到波士顿的两条车道公路——并几乎在一夜之间在沙漠中建造一座城市，以容纳 5,000 名工人及其家人。
On March 4th 1931, Frank Crowe submitted Six Companies’ winning bid.
1931 年 3 月 4 日，弗兰克·克罗提交了六家公司的中标投标书。
In Las Vegas, the waiting was finally over.
在拉斯维加斯，等待终于结束了。
Maxine Riepen, Secretary, Employment Office: : There were hordes of men there, desperate men.
马克辛·里彭 (Maxine Riepen)，就业办公室秘书： 那里有成群结队的男人，绝望的男人。
Narrator: : Maxine Riepen was fresh out of Las Vegas High School when she got a job at the dam’s employment office.
旁白：玛克辛·里彭 (Maxine Riepen) 刚从拉斯维加斯高中毕业，就在大坝就业办公室找到了一份工作。
Her boss, Leonard Blood, reported that in its first three weeks his office had received 12,000 letters of inquiry.
她的老板伦纳德·布拉德 (Leonard Blood) 报告说，在成立的头三周内，他的办公室收到了 12,000 封询问信。
Maxine Riepen, Secretary, Employment Office: : A man came in one time.
Maxine Riepen，就业办公室秘书： ：有一次，一名男子进来了。
Mr. Blood took a look at him and says, “You’re too old!” He had a gruff voice and, uh, the man had white hair.
血先生看了他一眼，说道：“你太老了！”他声音粗哑，而且，呃，这个男人的头发都白了。
The man looked so dejected.
男人看上去很沮丧。
And he went out, and a couple of weeks later, here comes this man back in, and he’s dyed his hair, he’s changed his name and he got in line and Mr. Blood didn’t even recognize him.
他出去了，几周后，这个人回来了，他染了头发，改了名字，他排队了，血先生甚至不认识他了。
I did because I was sitting there watching him all the time.
我这样做是因为我一直坐在那里看着他。
And that time he got a job.
那一次他找到了工作。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : I was playing with a dance band in Grand Junction, Colorado, practically starving to death, y’know.
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人：：我当时正在科罗拉多州大章克申的一个舞蹈乐队中演奏，你知道，我几乎快要饿死了。
People were so poor they couldn’t afford to dance.
人们太穷了，买不起跳舞的钱。
So my dad says if you come out I can getcha a job.
所以我爸爸说如果你出来我就能找到一份工作。
Well, little did I know, I’ve never done anything but blow that horn.
好吧，我几乎不知道，我除了吹喇叭之外什么也没做。
I didn’t know what to expect.
我不知道会发生什么。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : Trying to imagine what it must have been to go down there and start work on that site you know, leaves me with a feeling like, you know, what if you were the first one to dive down there and you picked up the shovel, looked around you and said, “I guess I’ll start digging right here.”
美国垦务局布莱恩·哈曼 (Blaine Hamann)： 尝试想象一下潜入那里并在你知道的那个地点开始工作会是什么样子，这让我有一种感觉，你知道，如果你是第一个潜入那里的人，你拿起铲子，环顾四周并说：“我想我会在这里开始挖掘。”
Narrator: : In the beginning there were no roads.
旁白：：一开始没有路。
Down at the bottom, there was no dry place to stand.
地底下，没有干燥的地方可以站立。
Al M.
阿尔·M.
Rocca, Crowe Biographer: : There’s no access there.
罗卡，克罗传记作者：：那里无法进入。
You’ve got an amphibious assault of these troops coming down on barges, cutting out landings like a beach landing in a World War II amphibious assault.
这些部队在驳船上进行两栖攻击，像二战中的两栖攻击中的海滩登陆一样切断登陆。
Narrator: : Crowe sent miners down the river to start the first and most dangerous phase of construction: the four diversion tunnels, two on each side of the river.
旁白：克洛派矿工们沿河而下，开始施工的第一个也是最危险的阶段：四个导流隧道，河两岸各两个。
Work crews would have to drill and blast three-quarters of a mile through the canyon walls to open the holes that would carry the river around the work site.
工作人员必须在峡谷壁上钻孔并爆破四分之三英里，才能打开将河流输送到工地周围的孔。
56 feet in diameter, they would then be lined with three feet of concrete.
它们的直径为 56 英尺，内衬为 3 英尺厚的混凝土。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : Those diversion tunnels were unique.
Blaine Hamann，美国垦务局：这些导流隧道是独一无二的。
To get them lined up, the job of drilling and shootin’ with dynamite, y’know, removing the rock.
为了让它们排成一排，需要钻孔和用炸药射击，你知道，清除岩石。
It was logistically one of the toughest things they did on the dam.
从后勤角度来说，这是他们在大坝上所做的最艰难的事情之一。
Narrator: : Six Companies also had to contend with a rigid government deadline — two and a half years to divert the river or face steep fines for every day they ran late.
旁白：：六家公司还必须应对政府严格的最后期限——两年半的时间来改道河流，否则每迟到一天就会面临巨额罚款。
The volatile Colorado constantly threatened the job.
动荡的科罗拉多州不断威胁着工作。
In a flash, seasonal floods could wash away any plans for finishing on time.
一瞬间，季节性洪水可能会冲走所有按时完成的计划。
An almost comic contraption turned out to be Frank Crowe’s best weapon against the tunnel deadline.
事实证明，一个近乎滑稽的装置是弗兰克·克罗在隧道截止日期前的最佳武器。
The steel and wood beast, called a drilling jumbo, carried three tiers of drills on a ten-ton truck.
这种钢铁和木头的野兽被称为钻探台车，在一辆十吨重的卡车上运载三层钻头。
The rig was backed up to the face of the wall, and the thirty drills bored holes into the rock to plant dynamite.
钻机被固定在墙上，三十个钻头在岩石上钻孔以放置炸药。
The jumbo could then be pulled away for blasting, and the whole operation moved to the next drilling area.
然后可以将台车拉走进行爆破，整个作业转移到下一个钻井区域。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : That was a pretty clever idea.
摄影师戴维斯：：这是一个非常聪明的主意。
Because before, they’d have to put up staging.
因为以前，他们必须搭建舞台。
Then the staging would have to be taken down when they blew the face.
那么当他们炸脸的时候舞台就得拆掉了。
And then they’d have to replace it.
然后他们就必须更换它。
It was a big time saver.
这节省了很多时间。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : 10 million cubic yards of rock had to be moved.
Blaine Hamann，美国垦务局：：必须移动 1000 万立方码的岩石。
Drag lines, electric power shovels, trucks, men, dynamite, drills, noise, thunder, dust.
拉绳、电铲、卡车、人员、炸药、钻头、噪音、雷声、灰尘。
Al M.
阿尔·M.
Rocca, Crowe Biographer: : There were always cave-ins, there were always loose and sharp rocks falling about.
罗卡，克罗传记作者：：总是有塌方，总是有松散而锋利的岩石掉落。
You had men stumbling in areas that were not correctly lighted.
人们在没有正确照明的区域绊倒。
Getting in each other’s way.
互相妨碍。
You had men hurrying the job up considerably because they needed to move on because of the pressures they were getting from their foremen or the assistant superintendent.
人们会大大加快工作速度，因为他们需要继续前进，因为他们受到了工头或助理主管的压力。
Narrator: : In the rush to make their deadline, Six Companies sacrificed safety for speed.
旁白：：为了赶在最后期限前完成任务，六家公司为了速度牺牲了安全。
Frank Crowe prowled the dam site day and night.
弗兰克·克罗日夜在大坝工地上徘徊。
To his men, he was both God and the Devil — fair, but intensely demanding.
对于他的部下来说，他既是上帝，又是魔鬼——公平，但要求极高。
They gave him the nickname “Hurry Up” Crowe.
他们给他起了个绰号“快点”克罗。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : The Six Companies foremen, they were on me all the time.
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人：：六连的工头，他们一直在监视着我。
Keep the trucks movin’, everybody movin’.
让卡车继续前进，每个人都继续前进。
I was the flagman, flaggin’ dump trucks.
我是旗手，标记自卸卡车。
And lo and behold I took a look up, and saw a high scaler way up high on the Nevada side comin’ down, and he fell very close to where I was standing.
你瞧，我抬头一看，看到内华达一侧的高处有一个高高的攀爬者正在往下掉，他倒在离我站的地方很近的地方。
So I take a quick look, thinking that there’s no trucks coming, and make a mad dash over to this guy.
于是我快速看了一眼，以为没有卡车来，就疯狂地冲向这个家伙。
There’s nothin’ I can do for him.
我无能为力。
Along comes a hard-boiled superintendent, and I told him there’s a man killed over there.
来了一位冷酷无情的警长，我告诉他那边有一个人被杀了。
And he said to me, in no uncertain terms, “What are you going to do with all these blankety-blank trucks?
他毫不含糊地对我说：“你打算如何处理这些空荡荡的卡车？
Eat 'em?
吃掉它们吗？
Get the trucks moving!
让卡车动起来！
He can’t hurt anybody.”
他不能伤害任何人。”
Narrator: : Crowe’s most experienced workers had followed him faithfully from dam to dam, but many more had simply come for a job, any job, and knew little or nothing about this kind of work.
旁白：克罗最有经验的工人忠实地跟随他从一个水坝到另一个水坝，但更多的人只是为了一份工作而来，任何工作，对这种工作知之甚少或一无所知。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : My first shift, was in one of the big diversion tunnels.
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人：：我的第一个班次是在一个大型导流隧道中。
The foreman come by and he’d say “Nelson — go down the tunnel get a jackhammer, bring it up here and break up this rock.” I hated to admit to him that I was so dumb.
工头走过来，他会说：“纳尔逊——到隧道里去拿一把手提钻，把它带到这里来，把这块岩石打碎。”我不愿意向他承认我是如此愚蠢。
I didn’t even know what a jackhammer was!
我什至不知道什么是手提钻！
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : A lot of these young men, they wasn’t used to this heavy work, the environment.
摄影师戴维斯：：很多年轻人不习惯这种繁重的工作和环境。
The heat was terrific, the noise was unbearable.
天气非常热，噪音令人难以忍受。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : I’ll tell ya I was pretty discouraged about the first night I put in.
汤米·纳尔逊（Tommy Nelson），工人：：我告诉你，我对第一晚的投入感到非常沮丧。
They put me on the graveyard shift and I said to myself, “I don’t know whether I can take this or not, but I’ll give it my all.”
他们让我上夜班，我对自己说：“我不知道我是否能接受这个，但我会全力以赴。”
Narrator: : That first summer the Six Companies payroll reached 1,400.
旁白： ：那年夏天，六家公司的员工人数就达到了 1,400 人。
The work never stopped — three shifts a day, every day.
工作从未停止过——每天三班倒。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : You had to work seven days a week.
摄影师戴维斯：：你必须每周工作 7 天。
You couldn’t work five and a half days, which most people did.
你不能像大多数人那样工作五天半。
And if you didn’t like it, why they’d can you.
如果你不喜欢它，他们为什么能喜欢你。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : Two days off a year — optional, without pay.
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人：：每年休息两天——可选，无薪。
The Fourth of July and Christmas.
七月四日和圣诞节。
The contractor never had it so good, because he had the pick of the nation’s best labor at the price he wanted to pay him.
承包商的日子从来没有这么好过，因为他以他愿意支付的价格挑选了全国最好的劳动力。
Narrator: : It was a brutal job under the best of circumstances.
旁白：即使在最好的情况下，这也是一项残酷的工作。
But the summer of 1931 was one of the hottest on record.
但 1931 年的夏天是有记录以来最热的夏天之一。
The men worked in blistering heat without shade and adequate drinking water.
工人们在酷热的天气下工作，没有遮荫，也没有足够的饮用水。
Workers collapsed from the heat, some with body temperatures as high as 112 degrees.
工人们热得晕倒，有的体温高达112度。
The lucky ones were packed in tubs of ice water and survived.
幸运的人被装在冰水桶里并幸存下来。
By August, heat and dehydration had claimed fourteen lives.
到八月，炎热和脱水已夺去了十四人的生命。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : Hot!
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人： ：热！
Temperatures, 135, 140 degrees, in those diversion tunnels.
导流隧道内的温度高达 135 度、140 度。
The carbon monoxide was so thick a string of lights along the canyon wall looked like somebody striking matches.
一氧化碳太浓了，峡谷壁上的一串光看起来就像有人在划火柴。
You’d come out of there with a headache that wouldn’t quit.
当你从那里出来时，你会感到头痛不已。
Narrator: : Nevada law prohibited gasoline powered trucks in the tunnels.
旁白：：内华达州法律禁止汽油动力卡车在隧道内行驶。
But Six Companies, claiming the job was under federal jurisdiction, used them anyway.
但六家公司声称这项工作属于联邦管辖，无论如何都使用了它们。
Carbon monoxide and dust choked the tunnels and silently poisoned the men inside.
一氧化碳和灰尘堵塞了隧道，悄无声息地毒害了里面的人。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : Carbon monoxide was knocking these men down, making them very, very ill.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：一氧化碳将这些人击倒，使他们病得很重。
When they were taken to the hospital, the doctors would say, “It’s pneumonia!” They would not say, “It’s carbon monoxide poisoning and Six Companies is responsible.” They were saying, “It’s pneumonia — we’re not responsible.”
当他们被送往医院时，医生会说：“这是肺炎！”他们不会说：“这是一氧化碳中毒，六家公司负有责任。”他们说，“这是肺炎——我们不负责任。”
Narrator: : Temperatures and tempers reached the kindling point on August 7th, 1931, when Six Companies re-assigned a number of workers to lower paying jobs.
旁白： 1931 年 8 月 7 日，当六公司将一些工人重新分配到低薪工作时，温度和脾气达到了爆发点。
Organizers from the radical labor union, the Industrial Workers of the World, pressed for action.
激进工会“世界产业工人”的组织者敦促采取行动。
Within hours, the entire work force went out on strike.
几个小时之内，全体工人就罢工了。
The canyon fell strangely silent.
峡谷里陷入了诡异的寂静。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : Even the more loyal workers not interested in union activities, not necessarily even interested in striking, were at the point where they were saying, “We’ve gotta do something.” They wanted clear water, good water, cold water, they wanted the electrical lines that were near puddles where people were being electrocuted, to be moved, they wanted the dynamite put into safety places.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：即使是那些对工会活动不感兴趣、甚至不一定对罢工感兴趣的更忠诚的工人，他们也会说：“我们必须做点什么。”他们想要清澈的水、好水、冷水，他们想要将人们触电身亡的水坑附近的电线移走，他们想要将炸药放到安全的地方。
The dam was moving so quickly, the Six Companies were not making the necessary provisions for safety.
大坝的建设速度如此之快，六家公司没有采取必要的安全措施。
As much as they were saying they were, they weren’t.
尽管他们嘴上说是，但事实并非如此。
And the workers knew that.
工人们都知道这一点。
Narrator: : Frank Crowe took the strike as a personal betrayal.
旁白：：弗兰克·克罗将这次罢工视为个人背叛。
His bosses at Six Companies stood firm.
他在六家公司的老板们立场坚定。
“The workers will have to work under our conditions,” they said, “or not at all.” They rejected every worker demand and banished suspected union members.
“工人们必须在我们的条件下工作，”他们说，“或者干脆不干。”他们拒绝了所有工人的要求，并驱逐了可疑的工会成员。
After six days, the strike collapsed.
六天后，罢工失败。
Security was beefed up and a control gate installed, while Leonard Blood and his staff at the employment office began re-assembling the work force.
安全措施得到加强，并安装了控制门，而就业办公室的伦纳德·布拉德和他的工作人员开始重新集结劳动力。
Maxine Riepen, Secretary, Employment Office: : One day, Mr. Blood was sick…
Maxine Riepen，就业办公室秘书： 有一天，Blood 先生病了……
well, hung-over is a better word, but anyway.
好吧，宿醉是一个更好的词，但无论如何。
He came by and says, “Maxine, you’re going to have to do the hiring today, I’m going home.” So they called in and wanted 90 laborers.
他过来说道：“玛克辛，你今天必须去招聘，我要回家了。”于是他们打电话来，想要 90 名工人。
They said, “Can you hire 90 laborers?” And I said, “Sure!” You have a lot of confidence when you’re young.
他们说：“你们能招到90个工人吗？”我说：“当然！”当你年轻的时候，你有很大的自信。
And I thought, here’s my chance to get all these young boys that haven’t had a chance to go to work, to put their names up.
我想，这是我让所有这些没有机会去上班的年轻男孩们报名参加的机会。
So I did.
所以我做到了。
And when they went out, the foremen were making a joke out of it, saying that when I did the hiring, it looked like a college campus, but when Mr. Blood did it, it looked like an old people’s home.
他们出去的时候，工头们还开玩笑说，我招聘的时候，这里像大学校园，而血先生招聘的时候，这里像老人院。
Narrator: : As the hellish year of 1931 turned to 1932, tensions eased when Six Companies finally moved workers and their families out of Ragtown and into Boulder City.
旁白： 地狱般的 1931 年即将进入 1932 年，随着六家公司最终将工人及其家人从拉格敦搬到博尔德城，紧张局势有所缓解。
It was a modern, model community, free of the liquor and gambling that was Las Vegas’ stock-in-trade.
这是一个现代化的模范社区，没有拉斯维加斯的惯用酒和赌博。
Single men moved into large dormitories, while row upon row of one, two and three room family cottages went up in a fury of sawdust and sand.
单身男人搬进了大宿舍，一排排的一室、两室和三室家庭小屋在锯末和沙子的狂怒中拔地而起。
The landscape changed so rapidly that it was common for a man to come home after his shift and walk into the wrong house.
环境变化如此之快，以至于一个人下班回家走错房子是很常见的。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : Oh, it not only grew daily, it grew nightly.
Ila Clements-Davey，工人的女儿：哦，它不仅每天都在生长，而且每晚都在生长。
I couldn’t remember sleeping that hammers weren’t going and stuff like that.
我不记得睡觉时锤子不响之类的事情。
And how the people on the swing shift slept, I’ll never know.
至于轮班的人睡得怎么样，我永远不会知道。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : They built them rabbit hutches and called them houses.
摄影师戴维斯：：他们建造了兔子笼并称其为房屋。
Crude as could be.
尽可能地粗糙。
They cost about five, six hundred dollars apiece and they rented them from fifteen dollars up, depending on how many rooms you had.
每间的价格约为五、六百美元，租金起价为十五美元，具体取决于您拥有的房间数量。
Narrator: : But as one resident put it— “to us, it was beautiful.” In the unsettled world of the Depression, Boulder City offered families a security they hadn’t known in years.
旁白：：但正如一位居民所说——“对我们来说，它很美丽。”在大萧条时期动荡不安的世界里，博尔德城为家庭提供了多年来从未有过的安全感。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : They built communities very fast.
Ila Clements-Davey，工人的女儿：：他们建立社区的速度非常快。
In the neighborhood, I knew every single neighbor loved me.
在附近，我知道每个邻居都爱我。
I knew that.
我知道这一点。
And I could go to any home, knock on it any day.
我可以去任何一个家，任何一天敲门。
I was never…
我从来没有……
There wasn’t such a thing as fear of a child being out, you know, and something happening to them.
你知道，并不存在担心孩子外出或发生意外的情况。
Narrator: : It was a fenced and gated world unto itself.
旁白：：那是一个有栅栏和门禁的世界。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : Boulder City was run really very much like an army camp with great restrictions to what could go on and what couldn’t go on, and a law enforcement that saw to it that these things were carried out.
伊拉·克莱门茨-戴维（Ila Clements-Davey），工人的女儿：博尔德城的管理方式真的非常像一个军营，对可以进行和不能进行的事情有很大的限制，并且有执法部门负责确保这些事情的执行。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : Boulder City had elements of both the model town and the police state.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员： 博尔德城兼具模范城镇和警察国家的元素。
There was a certain comfort level you paid, but you gave up freedom for the comfort level.
你付出了一定的舒适度，但你却为了舒适度而放弃了自由。
Narrator: : A shiny new mess hall served 6,000 meals a day.
旁白：：崭新的食堂每天提供 6,000 顿饭菜。
Every week twelve tons of fruit and vegetables were shipped in, along with five tons of meat, and two-and-a-half tons of eggs.
每周有十二吨水果和蔬菜运进来，还有五吨肉和两吨半鸡蛋。
For a $1.15 a day a man got three squares and all he could eat.
每天花 1.15 美元，一个人可以得到三块食物和所有他能吃的东西。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : This box lunch, they’d carry that down.
汤米·尼尔森（Tommy Nelson），工人：：这个盒饭，他们会把它带下来。
And some of those guys could chunk ten sandwiches in there, two pieces of pie, and maybe a couple of oranges.
其中一些人可以在里面放入十个三明治，两块馅饼，也许还有几个橙子。
Narrator: : For Herbert Hoover, the Depression had taken its toll.
旁白：：对于赫伯特·胡佛来说，大萧条已经造成了损失。
He lost the 1932 election to Franklin Roosevelt by a landslide.
1932 年，他以压倒性优势输给了富兰克林·罗斯福。
A week later he stopped off at the dam site on his way from California to Washington.
一周后，他在从加利福尼亚州前往华盛顿的途中在大坝工地停留。
He stayed only briefly, and left just hours before his beloved project faced its most crucial test.
他只停留了很短的时间，就在他心爱的项目面临最关键考验的几个小时前离开了。
On the morning of November 13th, the nation’s media converged on Black Canyon to witness the historic attempt to re-route the Colorado.
11 月 13 日上午，全国媒体齐聚黑峡谷，见证科罗拉多河改道的历史性尝试。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : At 11:30 in the morning, a blast was put off down there, near the entry, in one of the big diversion tunnels.
工人汤米·纳尔逊 (Tommy Nelson)： 上午 11:30，在入口附近的一个大型导流隧道内发生了爆炸。
That was what put the show on the road.
这就是这部剧上路的原因。
Narrator: : Now they had to force the raging Colorado to change direction.
旁白：：现在他们必须迫使狂暴的科罗拉多改变方向。
Throughout the day, workers furiously dumped tons of rock into the river’s path, trying to build a barrier high enough and strong enough to push it back into the tunnels.
一整天，工人们疯狂地向河道倾倒大量岩石，试图建造足够高、足够坚固的屏障，将其推回隧道中。
By dawn, the battle was won.
黎明时分，战斗取得了胜利。
Man had moved the mighty Colorado from the bed it had known for 12 million years.
人类将强大的科罗拉多河从它已经熟悉了 1200 万年的河床上移了出来。
For Frank Crowe, it was a personal triumph — he had beaten the river, and his deadline, by eleven months.
对于 Frank Crowe 来说，这是个人的胜利——他比河流和最后期限提前了 11 个月。
Guy Louis Rocha, Nevada State Archivist: : Once the water was being bypassed, over that site, people came to worship in a way.
盖伊·路易斯·罗查 (Guy Louis Rocha)，内华达州档案管理员：一旦水被绕过，人们就会以某种方式越过该地点进行崇拜。
People couldn’t help but make the pilgrimage to this wonderful technological achievement.
人们情不自禁地向这一奇妙的科技成果朝圣。
Hell, the country’s out of control, the economy’s out of control, but we’re controlling the Colorado River.
天啊，国家失控了，经济失控了，但我们正在控制科罗拉多河。
Narrator: : “The vast chasm seemed a slit through earth and time alike,” wrote author Frank Waters.
旁白：“巨大的鸿沟似乎贯穿了地球和时间，”作家弗兰克·沃特斯写道。
“The rank smell of Mesozoic ooze and primeval muck filled the air.
“空气中弥漫着中生代软泥和原始淤泥的恶臭。
Down below grunted and growled prehistoric monsters — great brute dinosaurs, steam shovels and cranes feeding on the muck, a ton at a gulp.
下面是史前怪物的咕哝声和咆哮声——巨大的野蛮恐龙、蒸汽铲和起重机，它们正在吃粪便，一口吞下一吨。
And all this incessant monstrous activity took place as if in a world taking shape before the dawn of man.”
所有这些持续不断的可怕活动都发生在人类黎明之前形成的世界中。”
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : The men were just swarming over the whole place, they just looked like a hill of ants they really did.
伊拉·克莱门茨-戴维 (Ila Clements-Davey)，工人的女儿：：这些人挤满了整个地方，他们看起来就像是一群蚂蚁，他们确实如此。
It was just fantastic to watch all that going on.
观看所发生的一切真是太棒了。
It was a monumental task.
这是一项艰巨的任务。
Narrator: : Of all the jobs on the dam, none was more dramatic and dangerous than that of the high scalers—men swinging from ropes 800 feet up, armed with dynamite and jackhammers, to blast and clean the canyon walls, and prepare them to take the dam’s concrete.
旁白：在大坝上的所有工作中，没有比高攀者的工作更戏剧性和危险的了——人们手持炸药和手提钻，从 800 英尺高的绳索上荡来荡去，炸毁和清理峡谷壁，并准备好拆除大坝的混凝土。
Their exploits became legend — real honest-to-goodness cliffhangers.
他们的事迹成为传奇——真正的悬念。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : It was like a movie of Tarzan, you know.
Ila Clements-Davey，工人的女儿：：这就像一部《人猿泰山》的电影，你知道。
You’d hear the blast and then see those guys fling themselves down there and start ripping the rocks off and there were people above them and people below them.
你会听到爆炸声，然后看到那些家伙跳到下面，开始撕扯岩石，他们上面有人，下面有人。
Maxine Riepen, Secretary, Employment Office: : I remember this big, strong-looking man fell.
马克辛·里彭 (Maxine Riepen)，就业办公室秘书： ：我记得这个身材高大、看上去很强壮的男人摔倒了。
And, uh, he yelled as he fell and this high-scaler below him swung out and caught him as he was falling and saved his life.
而且，呃，他在摔倒时大喊大叫，而他下面的这个高鳞者猛地一挥，在他摔倒时接住了他，救了他的命。
Oh, he got write-ups and was quite a hero after that.
哦，他得到了报道，在那之后他就成了一个英雄。
Others…
其他……
there were two or three that fell to their death.
有两三个人摔死了。
Maybe even more.
也许更多。
Narrator: : By 1933, Six Companies was two years ahead of schedule and reported a profit of $3 million.
旁白： 到 1933 年，六家公司比原计划提前两年实现利润 300 万美元。
They had pretty much had their way with the project, until the New Deal’s own force of nature, Harold Ickes, took over as Secretary of the Interior.
他们几乎按照自己的方式完成了这个项目，直到新政的自然力量哈罗德·伊克斯接任内政部长。
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Watkins, Author/Historian: : One of the first things he did was to rename it Boulder Dam.
沃特金斯，作家/历史学家：：他做的第一件事就是将其重新命名为博尔德大坝。
Now this stemmed not merely from the— his stated position that it was not seemly to name a dam after a sitting president, but because he really did not like Hoover at all.
现在，这不仅源于他所声明的立场，即以现任总统的名字命名水坝似乎不合适，而且因为他真的根本不喜欢胡佛。
He also was very, very irritated with the Six Companies in the way that blacks were discriminated against on the job, put a stop to discrimination in hiring.
他还对六家公司在工作中对黑人的歧视感到非常非常恼火，并制止了招聘方面的歧视。
He made it a point that blacks should be considered as well as whites.
他强调黑人应该和白人一样被考虑。
Narrator: : In the first year of construction, not a single black worker had been hired.
旁白：：建设的第一年，没有雇用任何黑人工人。
When Ickes took office there were only twenty four African Americans in a 4,000 man work force.
伊克斯上任时，4000 名劳动力中只有 24 名非裔美国人。
Ickes pressure led to more minority hiring, but no blacks were allowed to live in Boulder City.
伊克斯的压力导致雇用更多的少数族裔，但不允许黑人居住在博尔德城。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : This was a closed community.
Ila Clements-Davey，工人的女儿：：这是一个封闭的社区。
Negroes were not, there was no way a negro could get in here.
黑人不是，黑人不可能进入这里。
No way anyone with a colored skin could get in here.
任何有色皮肤的人都无法进入这里。
Narrator: : Black workers were transported to the work site on separate buses and drank from separate water buckets.
旁白：：黑人工人乘坐不同的巴士前往工地，并用不同的水桶喝水。
Hiring may have opened up, but the dam remained a segregated workplace.
招聘可能已经开放，但大坝仍然是一个隔离的工作场所。
The major event in every worker’s life was payday.
每个工人生活中的大事就是发薪日。
Twice a month, on the tenth and twenty-fifth, they cashed their paychecks, burst out of the moral confines of Boulder City and headed down the highway to Las Vegas — to the gambling halls, bars, and brothels of its infamous Block Sixteen.
每月两次，即十号和二十五号，他们兑现工资，冲破博尔德城的道德界限，沿着高速公路前往拉斯维加斯——前往臭名昭著的十六区的赌场、酒吧和妓院。
At sun up, the men would stagger back to Boulder City, and for the next fifteen days, Las Vegas went back to bed.
日出时，人们摇摇晃晃地回到博尔德城，在接下来的十五天里，拉斯维加斯又回到了床上。
On June 6th, 1933, after two years of preparation, workers finally poured the first bucket of concrete that would build the dam’s famous face.
1933 年 6 月 6 日，经过两年的准备，工人们终于浇筑了第一桶混凝土，建造了大坝著名的面貌。
Frank Crowe now had 5,000 men working in a deep and narrow canyon.
弗兰克·克罗 (Frank Crowe) 现在有 5,000 名人员在一个又深又窄的峡谷里工作。
His main task, he said, was to keep them from accidentally killing each other.
他说，他的主要任务是防止他们意外地互相残杀。
Sixty-five had already lost their lives.
已有六十五人丧生。
To transport the concrete, Crowe designed an elaborate network of aerial cableways that carried material to almost anywhere on the dam site.
为了运输混凝土，克罗设计了一个精心设计的空中索道网络，将材料运送到坝址的几乎任何地方。
Before long the cables were delivering a concrete bucket every 78 seconds.
不久之后，电缆每 78 秒输送一个混凝土桶。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : Doggone, pretty tricky job.
Blaine Hamann，美国垦务局：：完蛋了，这是相当棘手的工作。
Twenty-ton bucket roaring down the canyon just as fast as they could get it there.
二十吨重的水桶以最快的速度从峡谷中呼啸而下。
And the fellow that was running the crane couldn’t even see where that bucket was going.
操作起重机的人甚至看不到那个桶要去哪里。
He was steering that thing by Braille, boy, I’ll tell ya.
我告诉你，他是用盲文来驾驶那东西的，孩子。
Narrator: : The buckets poured concrete into blocks five feet deep, that were stacked one on top of another in interlocking columns to form the dam’s structure.
旁白：这些水桶将混凝土倒入五英尺深的石块中，这些石块以互锁的柱子的形式一层一层地堆叠起来，形成大坝的结构。
If the builders had tried to pour one continuous concrete wall, it would have taken 125 years to cool.
如果建造者试图浇筑一堵连续的混凝土墙，则需要 125 年才能冷却。
Though legend claims otherwise, no workers were buried in the dam’s concrete.
尽管传说并非如此，但没有工人被埋在大坝的混凝土中。
While the arch was going up, workers were constructing the four intake towers on the cliffs behind.
当拱门上升时，工人们正在后面的悬崖上建造四个进水塔。
Thirty-three stories high, they would deliver water from the reservoir to the power plants under construction below.
它们有三十三层楼高，将把水从水库输送到下面正在建设的发电厂。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : There were things happening every second of every day down there.
布莱恩·哈曼 (Blaine Hamann)，美国垦务局： 那里每天每一秒都在发生一些事情。
All the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle that had to be in place for this industrial construction to go on is just simply amazing.
为了让这个工业建设继续下去，所有的拼图都必须就位，这真是太神奇了。
Narrator: : Frank Crowe’s workers were pouring more concrete in less time than anyone thought possible.
旁白：弗兰克·克罗的工人们在比任何人想象的更短的时间内浇筑了更多的混凝土。
He had succeeded in turning a ragtag army of unemployed into America’s most celebrated work force.
他成功地将一群失业的乌合之众变成了美国最著名的劳动力队伍。
On February 6th, 1935, the last bucket of concrete topped off the dam at 726 1/2 feet.
1935 年 2 月 6 日，最后一桶混凝土在 726 1/2 英尺处封顶。
That week, a steel bulkhead gate closed off the last diversion tunnel.
那周，钢制舱壁闸门关闭了最后一条导流隧道。
The Colorado slowly began to pool behind the dam.
科罗拉多河开始慢慢地在大坝后面汇集。
It would form Lake Mead — 115 miles long, 500 feet deep.
它将形成米德湖——长 115 英里，深 500 英尺。
Ila Clements-Davey, Worker’s Daughter: : We got into what I call now the little puddle that was the lake at that time, and we went up to the back part of the dam and this great big structure this, oh my God…
伊拉·克莱门茨·戴维 (Ila Clements-Davey)，工人的女儿：：我们进入了我现在所说的那个小水坑，当时是湖，然后我们走到了大坝的后部，这个巨大的结构，天哪……
big hunk of concrete, corkin’ up the Colorado River.
一大块混凝土，塞在科罗拉多河上。
And the intake towers sitting on the cliffs, way up above us.
进水塔坐落在悬崖上，远远高于我们。
Now when you go over the dam it looks like the intake towers are right in the middle of the lake, you know, and, and the dam, you only see a small portion of it.
现在，当你越过大坝时，看起来进水塔就在湖中央，你知道，而且大坝，你只能看到它的一小部分。
You can’t get the feeling of the immensity of the dam, and it looks a lot bigger from that side then it does from the face side.
你无法感受到大坝的巨大，从那面看它比从正面看大得多。
It really does.
确实如此。
Richard Guy Wilson, Architectural Historian: : Dramatic, it looks like the hands of man holding back the canyon walls.
建筑历史学家理查德·盖伊·威尔逊 (Richard Guy Wilson)：：戏剧性的是，它看起来就像人类的双手支撑着峡谷的墙壁。
Narrator: : From the beginning, the dam’s visual design had been given extraordinary attention.
旁白： ：从一开始，大坝的视觉设计就受到了非凡的关注。
Richard Guy Wilson, Architectural Historian: : The Bureau of Reclamation realized that this was an epic-making construction.
建筑历史学家理查德·盖·威尔逊 (Richard Guy Wilson)： 垦务局意识到这是一座史诗般的建筑。
And the consequence is that they called in Gordon Kaufmann.
结果是他们请来了戈登·考夫曼。
And he took the banal details of the engineers that were in the original specifications and he turned it into one of the great modern landmarks of the 1930s.
他吸收了原始规格中工程师的平庸细节，并将其变成了 1930 年代伟大的现代地标之一。
Narrator: : Architect Gordon Kaufmann, gave the dam its futuristic style.
旁白：建筑师戈登·考夫曼（Gordon Kaufmann）赋予了大坝未来主义风格。
He transformed ordinary concrete surfaces into modern art deco designs.
他将普通的混凝土表面转变为现代装饰艺术设计。
The electrical transformers took on the look of a 1930s Buck Rogers space movie.
电力变压器呈现出 20 世纪 30 年代巴克·罗杰斯 (Buck Rogers) 太空电影的外观。
The intake towers rose out of the lake like rockets to the moon.
进水塔像火箭一样从湖中升起，飞向月球。
And the streamlined spillways gave the huge mass a constant sense of motion.
流线型的溢洪道给这个巨大的体量带来了持续的运动感。
Inside the powerhouses hum the engines of the American southwest — 17 turbines generating more than 2 billion watts of electricity — enough to supply 1.3 million people.
发电厂内运转着美国西南部的发动机——17 台涡轮机发电超过 20 亿瓦——足以满足 130 万人的需求。
The power plant’s terrazzo floors recall the Native American heritage of the land.
发电厂的水磨石地板让人想起这片土地上的美洲原住民传统。
Richard Guy Wilson, Architectural Historian: : They are modeled on Indian designs, Navajo pottery, symbols that look remarkably like the modern machine, the turbine, the gears that are all in motion.
建筑历史学家理查德·盖·威尔逊 (Richard Guy Wilson)：：它们以印度设计、纳瓦霍陶器、看起来非常像现代机器、涡轮机和运转中的齿轮的符号为蓝本。
It’s a perfect example of reaching to the past and abstracting from that, for the future.
这是一个回顾过去、抽象未来的完美例子。
It’s like a chapel in a sense.
从某种意义上说，它就像一个教堂。
It’s like the chapel of the machine age.
它就像机器时代的教堂。
Narrator: : On September 30th, 1935, a crowd of 20,000 swarmed over what was being called the eighth wonder of the world.
旁白： 1935 年 9 月 30 日，两万人聚集在这座被称为世界第八大奇迹的地方。
President Roosevelt came to dedicate the Dam—two years ahead of schedule.
罗斯福总统提前两年前来为大坝落成。
Franklin Roosevelt (archival): : I have the right once more to congratulate you who have built Boulder Dam, and on behalf of the nation, to say to you: “Well done.”
富兰克林·罗斯福（档案）：我有权再次祝贺你们建造了博尔德水坝，并代表国家对你们说：“干得好。”
Narrator: : In one final flourish, the designers inlaid a celestial map to mark the exact position of the stars on the day of the President’s dedication.
旁白：：最后的一个亮点是，设计师们镶嵌了一张天图，以标记总统就职典礼当天星星的确切位置。
Blaine Hamann, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: : This was built in a time when it was the first big one.
美国垦务局布莱恩·哈曼 (Blaine Hamann)：：这是在第一座大型垦务局建造时建造的。
And so many engineering feats afterwards have always kind of had a kind of connection to the building of Hoover Dam.
后来的许多工程壮举总是与胡佛水坝的建设有某种联系。
In a sense of ah…
从某种意义上来说啊……
this is where we learned how to do it.
这就是我们学习如何做到这一点的地方。
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Watkins, Author/Historian: : It was a very, very important thing as symbol of what they felt could be done in a world that had gone all to hell.
沃特金斯，作家/历史学家：：这是一件非常非常重要的事情，象征着他们认为在一个完全陷入地狱的世界中可以做些什么。
Narrator: : On December 20th, 1935, a worker named Patrick Tierney fell from an intake tower and drowned.
旁白： 1935 年 12 月 20 日，一位名叫帕特里克·蒂尔尼 (Patrick Tierney) 的工人从进水塔坠落溺亡。
He would be the last man to die on the project, 13 years to the day after the first man died—J.G.
他将是最后一个死于该项目的人，距第一个人去世 13 年后——J.G.
Tierney, his father.
蒂尔尼，他的父亲。
W.A.
WA.
Davis, Photographer: : When I was lookin’ at the dam, I thought of the young men that had given up their lives to build the damned thing.
摄影师戴维斯：当我看着大坝时，我想到了那些为了建造这个该死的东西而放弃生命的年轻人。
That’s what I thought of when I was looking at the dam.
这是我在看大坝时想到的。
Narrator: : At the bottom of Lake Mead, 500 feet down, lie the remains of places like Ragtown.
旁白：：在米德湖底部 500 英尺处，躺着 Ragtown 等地方的遗迹。
The ancient river valley is long gone.
古老的河谷早已不复存在。
Hoover Dam heralded the beginning of the modern industrial west.
胡佛水坝预示着现代工业西部的开始。
Its electricity spurred unprecedented growth.
它的电力刺激了前所未有的增长。
Its flood control and irrigation created some of America’s biggest farms and allowed them to flourish in the desert.
它的防洪和灌溉创造了美国一些最大的农场，并使它们在沙漠中蓬勃发展。
The men of Six Companies went on to become some of the richest contractors in the world, and Frank Crowe took home a $350,000 bonus from the job.
六家公司的员工后来成为世界上最富有的承包商之一，弗兰克·克罗从这份工作中获得了 35 万美元的奖金。
He would build four more dams, but Hoover Dam — the name officially given it by Congress in 1947 — stands as his crowning achievement.
他还建造了四座水坝，但胡佛水坝（国会于 1947 年正式命名）是他的最高成就。
Tommy Nelson, Worker: : I should say I felt proud, 'cause I was a part of it.
汤米·纳尔逊（Tommy Nelson），工人：：我应该说我感到自豪，因为我是其中的一部分。
As to that structure down there, right to this day, I still feel like holding my hand over my heart when I go down there.
至于那里的那个结构，直到今天，当我去那里时，我仍然想把手放在我的心上。
'Cause that dam was a part of me.
因为那个大坝是我的一部分。
It was a part of me, I can assure you of that.
这是我的一部分，我可以向你保证。
After considering the concerns of all interested parties for the fair distribution of water for the seven states, Secretary Hoover drafted the Colorado River Compact.
在考虑了所有利益相关方对七个州公平分配水资源的关切后，胡佛部长起草了《科罗拉多河契约》。
When the dam was officially dedicated on September 30, 1935, the colossal project on the Southern Nevada portion of the Colorado river had been called by several different names.
当大坝于 1935 年 9 月 30 日正式落成时，科罗拉多河内华达州南部部分的这一庞大工程曾有多个不同的名称。
The temperature at the work site would routinely soar to above 120 degrees during the summer and plummet to well below freezing in the winter.
夏季，工作现场的温度通常会飙升至 120 度以上，而冬季则会骤降至冰点以下。
The start of construction on Hoover in 1930 held the promise of employment for thousands of workers in the Las Vegas area.
1930 年胡佛大楼的建设开始，为拉斯维加斯地区数千名工人带来了就业机会。
Boulder City was essentially a government reservation, constructed under the jurisdiction of the Reclamation Service.
博尔德城本质上是一个政府保留地，在垦务局的管辖下建造。
Major John Wesley Powell conducted geological studies that greatly expanded understanding of the topography of the region.
约翰·韦斯利·鲍威尔少校进行的地质研究极大地扩展了对该地区地形的了解。
Hoover Dam was called one of the greatest engineering works in history.
胡佛水坝被称为历史上最伟大的工程之一。
5,000 working men and their families came to live in the Nevada desert.
5,000 名工人及其家人来到内华达沙漠居住。
These are men whi built the dam.
这些是建造大坝的人。
Workers moved the Colorado River from the bed it had known for 12 million years.
工人们将科罗拉多河从它已经存在了 1200 万年的河床上移走。
Building the 700 foot high dam was only one piece of the puzzle.
建造 700 英尺高的大坝只是这个难题的一小部分。
During the dam's construction, the job of the high scaler was by far the most dangerous.
在大坝建设过程中，高水位工的工作是迄今为止最危险的。
Leading the team of surveyors within the Reclamation Bureau was a small, bespectacled man named Walker “Brig” Young.
垦务局测量员团队的领头人是一位戴眼镜的小个子男子，名叫沃克·“布里格”·杨。
In envisioning the architectural presentation of the dam, its designers wanted to make an impression of technological supremacy.
在设想大坝的建筑外观时，其设计师希望给人留下技术至上的印象。
To accomplish this task they turned to Gordon Kaufmann.
为了完成这项任务，他们求助于戈登·考夫曼。