The Harvest: Integrating Mississippi's Schools
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: You have one shot at raising your children, you don't get do overs.
莎拉·布莱克蒙（Sarah Blackmon），道格拉斯·布莱克蒙（Douglas Blackmon）的母亲：你只有一次机会抚养你的孩子，你没有机会重来。
We were very, very concerned that our children get a good education.
我们非常非常关心我们的孩子能否得到良好的教育。
John Mccandlish, Class Of 1983: Growing up in Leland and thinking about where I lived, it seems somewhat like a Mayberry to me.
John Mccandlish，1983 届：在利兰长大，想想我住的地方，对我来说有点像梅伯里。
It was a very tight knit community.
这是一个联系非常紧密的社区。
People knew each other.
人们彼此认识。
People really cared about each other.
人们真的互相关心。
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: I grew up kind of a latchkey kid and had the run of the town, basically.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：我从小就是一个挂钥匙的孩子，基本上是在镇上奔跑的。
I felt like growing up that whole thing belonged to me and I could go anywhere and do just about anything that I could get away with.
我觉得在成长过程中，一切都属于我，我可以去任何地方，做任何我能逃脱惩罚的事情。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: Certain places, you know, we couldn't we couldn't visit.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：有些地方，你知道，我们无法参观。
I mean, just like this park visit, you know, this park was off of limits, you know, to blacks.
我的意思是，就像这次公园参观一样，这个公园对黑人是禁区。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: Leland was divided.
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：Leland 存在分歧。
You had Black Dog, where I grew up, and you had the white section
你有黑狗，我在那里长大，你有白色部分
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: There was always a railroad track.
Van Poindexter，1982 届： 总是有一条铁轨。
There was always a creek.
一直有一条小溪。
There was always a road.
总有一条路。
There was always some marker that divided the neighborhoods.
总是有一些标记来划分社区。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In 1969, my hometown of Leland, Mississippi, finally had to reckon with something it had been avoiding for years.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：1969 年，我的家乡密西西比州利兰终于不得不面对多年来一直回避的事情。
Archival/Reporter: In 1954, the Supreme Court made school integration the law of the land, a law to be implemented with all deliberate speed.
档案/记者：1954年，最高法院将学校一体化纳入国家法律，并迅速实施。
Last fall, the court ruled that after 15 years, deliberation should end, and speed meant now.
去年秋天，法院裁定，15年后，审议应该结束，速度意味着现在。
Archival/Mississippi Gov.
档案/密西西比州政府。
John Bell Williams: The quality of public education in a great portion of our state has been made an impossibility under the conditions inflicted on our public schools by vindictive, autocratic, arbitrary Supreme Court.
约翰·贝尔·威廉姆斯：我们州很大一部分地区的公共教育质量在最高法院的报复性、专制性和专断性强加给我们的公立学校的条件下变得不可能。
Vernice Sanders, Parent and Activist: All Blacks that were involved were nervous about it because we didn't know what was going to happen next, but we were still trying to do what we felt was right.
维尼斯·桑德斯（Vernice Sanders），家长兼活动家：所有参与其中的黑人都对此感到紧张，因为我们不知道接下来会发生什么，但我们仍在努力做我们认为正确的事情。
Archival/School Superintendent: The only thing I can see that this is leading to is the destruction of our school system.
档案/学校负责人：我唯一能看到的是，这会导致我们学校系统的破坏。
Archival/Interview with Parent: The Negro children as a whole are further behind in their studies than our children.
档案/家长访谈：黑人儿童整体上比我们的孩子在学习上落后得多。
Archival/Interview with Man: We've got a psychology running in the state which is very deeply negative about the possibilities of black and white working is playing out together because of it.
档案/对人的采访：我们在这个州有一种心理，它对黑人和白人工作的可能性非常消极，因此，黑人和白人一起工作的可能性正在发挥作用。
We've managed to stay 50th or 48th or mighty long while we're so busy holding one down and keeping the other just on top.
我们已经成功地保持了第 50 名、第 48 名或很长一段时间，同时我们忙着压住一个人，让另一个人保持在上面。
Archival/Reporter: What are your thoughts about going to school with about half of half white and black students?
档案/记者：您对与大约一半白人和黑人学生一起上学有何看法？
Archival/Interview with White Female Student: I don't care.
档案/白人女学生访谈：我不在乎。
I mean, you know, the same people.
我的意思是，你知道，是同一群人。
Archival/Interview With Black Female Student: I think we all should be together.
黑人女学生档案/采访：我认为我们都应该在一起。
And I hope that we could get along together.
我希望我们能够和睦相处。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: My class was the first in Mississippi to have black kids and white kids in school together from the first day of first grade to high school graduation.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：我的班级是密西西比州第一个从一年级第一天到高中毕业都有黑人孩子和白人孩子一起上学的班级。
We were supposed to be the seeds of a great harvest of racial harmony.
我们应该成为种族和谐丰收的种子。
Three decades later, I needed to understand what happened, and why America is still so divided even after all that we went through.
三十年后，我需要了解发生了什么，以及为什么即使我们经历了一切，美国仍然如此分裂。
I went back to find out.
我回去一探究竟。
Music: You can't hurry God.
音乐：你不能催促上帝。
You got to wait.
你必须等待。
Give him time.
给他时间。
He'll be there.
他会在那里。
Don't you worry...
你不用担心...
He's a right on time.
他是准时的。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: When I was a kid, my family lived in this little town in the Mississippi Delta called Leland, Mississippi.
记者布莱克蒙：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的家人住在密西西比三角洲的一个小镇，名叫利兰，密西西比州。
If you have any vision in your mind of a cotton plantation in the Deep South, the place you are imagining is the Mississippi Delta.
如果您对南方腹地的棉花种植园有任何幻想，那么您想象的地方就是密西西比三角洲。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: In the 1960s, Leland was still as harshly segregated as it ever was.
记者布莱克蒙：在 20 世纪 60 年代，利兰仍然像以前一样受到严格的种族隔离。
In those very early years, I just noticed that it was all white over here and all Black over there, and Black folks had more trouble than white folks.
在很早的几年里，我只是注意到这里全是白人，那里全是黑人，黑人比白人遇到更多麻烦。
And it perplexed me.
这让我很困惑。
I started asking a lot of questions some of which seemed to be uncomfortable to everybody who I asked them to, including my parents at times.
我开始问很多问题，其中一些问题似乎让每个被我问到的人感到不舒服，有时甚至包括我的父母。
And so, I couldn't make any sense out of it.
所以，我无法理解它的任何意义。
Later in middle school, I became aware of a place called Strike City.
后来在中学时，我知道了一个叫斯特莱克城的地方。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Strike City was a settlement just outside of town, created in the middle of the 1960s after a group of black tenant farmers went on strike.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：罢工城是城外的一个定居点，是 20 世纪 60 年代中期一群黑人佃农罢工后创建的。
ArchivalL Footage, John Henry Sylvester: The reason we went on was that I was tired of working for 6 dollars a day and I was tired of my wife and kids with working for three dollars a day...
档案片段，约翰·亨利·西尔维斯特：我们继续下去的原因是我厌倦了每天为 6 美元工作，我厌倦了我的妻子和孩子每天为 3 美元工作......
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: They were among the very first African-Americans in American history to rebel in this way against a white landowner.
布莱克蒙（记者）画外音：他们是美国历史上第一批以这种方式反抗白人地主的非裔美国人。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: There was a town oratorical contest sponsored by the Lions Club, and so I decide to write a speech about Strike City.
布莱克蒙，记者：狮子俱乐部主办了一场城镇演讲比赛，所以我决定写一篇关于斯特莱克城的演讲。
I went to the library, read stories that had been written in the local papers at the time.
我去了图书馆，阅读了当时当地报纸上写的故事。
I learned that the strikers were thrown out of their homes.
我得知罢工者被赶出了家门。
They're attacked by the Ku Klux Klan.
他们受到三K党的攻击。
The men are blackballed from employment.
这些人被禁止就业。
None of the men ever work again.
这些人再也没有工作过。
All kinds of terrible experiences.
各种可怕的经历。
So my little boy essay maps all this out, and at the end says, Martin Luther King came along, and the civil rights movement solved everything.
所以我的小男孩文章列出了这一切，最后说，马丁·路德·金出现了，民权运动解决了一切。
That was the conclusion.
这就是结论。
And so the day of the contest, I go in.
所以比赛那天我就进去了。
And, of course, it's a room of about 45 middle-aged white men.
当然，这个房间里大约有 45 名中年白人。
The other students give their speeches, and then I get up and give my speech about Strike City.
其他学生发表演讲，然后我站起来发表关于斯特克城的演讲。
And immediately, as soon as I started speaking, I realize that something...
当我开始讲话时，我立即意识到有些事情......
Something's wrong.
出了点问题。
As soon as I mentioned Strike City, the men in the room begin to snicker.
我一提到攻击城，房间里的人就开始窃笑。
I was so confused.
我很困惑。
Then as I proceed through the speech.
然后当我继续演讲时。
And talk about the courage of the strikers; they go dead silent.
并谈论罢工者的勇气；他们陷入了死一般的沉默。
When I get to the part about the Ku Klux Klan attacking them, there's no response whatsoever.
当我讲到三K党攻击他们的部分时，没有任何回应。
I don't win the contest, naturally.
当然，我不会赢得比赛。
But then afterward, all the men file by and shake our hands.
但随后，所有的人都鱼贯而过并与我们握手。
But this one fellow stands back and waits until the others are gone.
但这个人却站在一旁，等待其他人都走了。
And then he comes up to me, and he attacks.
然后他向我走来并攻击我。
"Who told you all those things, boy?
“谁告诉你这些事情的，孩子？
Where did you get all that stuff, boy?
你从哪里得到这些东西，孩子？
Nothing like that happened.
没有发生那样的事情。
You know, your mom and daddy tell you all that stuff?" You know, "They fillin' in your head with lies?" And he gets louder and louder, and I stood there thinking, why is this happening?
你知道吗，你的妈妈和爸爸告诉过你这些事情吗？”你知道，“他们在你的脑子里塞满了谎言吗？”他的声音越来越大，我站在那里思考，为什么会发生这种情况？
Why is this man so angry at me?
为什么这个男人对我这么生气？
He's yelling and screaming.
他又喊又叫。
Finally, my teacher comes over and bumps into the guy, and says, What are you doing?
最后，我的老师走过来，撞到了那个人，说：“你在做什么？”
And he spins around and takes off.
然后他转身起飞。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: That was the beginning of my quest.
记者布莱克蒙：那是我探索的开始。
I became obsessed with trying to get to the bottom of why is this the way that things are?
我开始沉迷于试图弄清楚事情为什么会是这个样子？
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: In 1967, my dad finished his PhD and got a job at a research laboratory in the Mississippi Delta.
Blackmon，记者：1967 年，我父亲完成了博士学位，并在密西西比三角洲的一个研究实验室找到了一份工作。
So my parents, two older brothers, and I moved from Baton Rouge, LA to Leland.
因此，我的父母、两个哥哥和我从洛杉矶巴吞鲁日搬到了利兰。
I was three years old.
那年我三岁。
For me that's when this story began.
对我来说，这就是这个故事的开始。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: We chose to live in Leland.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：我们选择住在利兰。
We liked that our children would be able to do things on their own.
我们喜欢我们的孩子能够自己做事。
They could ride their bicycles around town.
他们可以骑自行车绕城转一圈。
We liked the idea of a small town.
我们喜欢小镇的想法。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Leland was a busy, growing community in the 1960s.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：利兰在 20 世纪 60 年代是一个繁忙且不断发展的社区。
The farm economy was strong, particularly for the people who owned large amounts of land.
农业经济强劲，特别是对于拥有大量土地的人们来说。
Almost everyone made their living one way or another off the vast cotton and soybean fields that surrounded us, people came from far and wide at Christmas every year to see the decorations on the wide creek flowing through the center of town.
几乎每个人都以这样或那样的方式靠我们周围广阔的棉花和大豆田谋生，每年圣诞节，人们从四面八方赶来，观看流经市中心的宽阔小溪上的装饰。
Every fall there was football and homecoming parades, that wound through town and ended up on the field.
每年秋天都会举行足球和返校游行，游行穿过城镇，最后到达球场。
Everyone seemed to agree that Leland was a special place, a little wealthier than most, better educated, more tolerant than other places nearby, and it did have a certain unique spirit.
每个人似乎都同意利兰是一个特殊的地方，比其他地方富裕一点，受过更好的教育，比附近其他地方更宽容，而且它确实有某种独特的精神。
James Lacey, Newspaper Editor: At that time, Leland had an unusually good school system.
詹姆斯·莱西，报纸编辑：当时，利兰拥有异常良好的学校系统。
It was the pride of the community.
这是社区的骄傲。
Bob Neill, Class of 1960: I grew up going to the Leland schools.
Bob Neill，1960 届：我是在 Leland 学校长大的。
We rode school bus number 13.
我们乘坐13路校车。
High school...it was a really good time.
高中……那真是一段美好的时光。
There were 35 people, I think.
我想有 35 个人。
In my graduating class in 1960.
1960年我的毕业班。
Football was the big sport.
足球是一项重要的运动。
Everybody from town was at the game on Friday night.
周五晚上镇上的每个人都参加了比赛。
Everybody rooted for the Cubs.
每个人都支持小熊队。
It was a community supported, there again in these terms of modern days, it was a white community supported school..
这是一个社区支持的学校，从现代的角度来说，这是一所白人社区支持的学校。
There was a team on the other side of town.
城镇的另一边有一支队伍。
Gosh, I hate saying it this way, but that's the way it was.
天哪，我讨厌这样说，但事实就是这样。
I mean, that's the way we grew up.
我的意思是，这就是我们成长的方式。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: Breisch High School was the high school for Black people and Black athletes in Leland, Mississippi.
比利·巴伯 (Billy Barber)，1983 届：布雷施高中 (Breisch High School) 是密西西比州利兰市的黑人和黑人运动员高中。
They did a good job.
他们做得很好。
They competed.
他们竞争。
They they played for titles.
他们为冠军而战。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: We had one of the best basketball teams in the state.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：我们拥有该州最好的篮球队之一。
Basketball, football, track.
篮球、足球、田径。
We didn't have a gym.
我们没有健身房。
We played on the bare ground outside.
我们在外面空地上玩耍。
We had a football field.
我们有一个足球场。
It wasn't, you know, with the bleachers and all.
你知道，那不是露天看台之类的。
But you had a football field.
但你有一个足球场。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: We had some great ballplayers.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：我们有一些很棒的棒球运动员。
Had some great ballplayers.
有一些伟大的球员。
They would even have a crowd.
他们甚至会有一群人。
A cheering crowd, a supportive crowd.
欢呼的人群，支持的人群。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: Loved the mascot.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：喜欢这个吉祥物。
We were the Braves.
我们是勇士队。
The Breisch High Braves.
布莱施高中勇士队。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: You know, you take Breisch High and go back and check the history, they could compete with any team in the state of Mississippi.
比利·巴伯 (Billy Barber)，1983 届：你知道，你去布雷施高中 (Breisch High) 回顾一下历史，他们可以与密西西比州的任何一支球队竞争。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class of 1977: The school was like the center of social life for the Black people in Leland.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：学校就像利兰黑人的社交生活中心。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: The crazy thing was, racial segregation was illegal.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：疯狂的是，种族隔离是非法的。
15 years had passed since the Supreme Court declared in 1954 that segregation had to be dismantled forever.
自 1954 年最高法院宣布必须永远废除种族隔离以来，已经过去 15 年了。
But during those years, Leland remained two very separate worlds one white and one black.
但在那些年里，利兰仍然是两个截然不同的世界，一是白人，一是黑人。
In the white version, many people were still enthralled with "Gone With the Wind" fantasies about Confederate officers, Southern belles and ugly racial attitudes.
在白色版本中，许多人仍然沉迷于《乱世佳人》中关于南方邦联军官、南方美女和丑陋种族态度的幻想。
Then in 1969, something enormous happened.
然后在 1969 年，发生了一件巨大的事情。
The Supreme Court spoke again.
最高法院再次发言。
There could be no more delays.
不能再耽搁了。
All separate black and white schools had to be completely combined.
所有独立的黑人和白人学校必须完全合并。
Almost overnight, a giant social experiment that would radically change American society was beginning.
几乎在一夜之间，一项将从根本上改变美国社会的巨大社会实验开始了。
Dr. Martin Luther King's dream of a nation where the children of former slaves and slave owners would grow up together was finally supposed to be happening.
马丁·路德·金博士关于建立一个让前奴隶和奴隶主的孩子共同成长的国家的梦想终于实现了。
And somehow all those millions of kids were expected to heal America's racial divide
不知怎的，所有这些数以百万计的孩子都被期望能够弥合美国的种族鸿沟
In the fall of 1970.
1970年秋天。
My hometown's first fully integrated class, the black and white first graders began school together on the same day in the same classrooms with the same teachers and books.
我家乡的第一个完全融合的班级，黑人和白人一年级学生在同一天在同一教室、同一老师和同一本书上一起上学。
And that was my class.
那是我的课。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: When we started the first grade, I didn't know anything that was going on.
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：当我们开始一年级时，我不知道发生了什么。
You know, I was six years old, so I didn't know anything about anything.
你知道，我当时才六岁，所以我对任何事情都一无所知。
We were excited just to be in school.
光是上学我们就很兴奋。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: As the first day of first grade was coming up, I had absolutely no idea that there was anything whatsoever happening except that school was beginning.
布莱克蒙，记者：随着一年级第一天的到来，我完全不知道发生了什么事，只知道学校要开学了。
And I finally got to go.
我终于要走了。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: There was no conversation about anything, you know, being, you know, different.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：没有讨论任何关于与众不同的话题。
We were just going to another school.
我们正要去另一所学校。
Be on your best behavior, you know, like your parents would want you to.
你知道，要表现出最好的行为，就像你的父母希望你那样。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: There were Black kids in my class; that didn't strike me as surprising or unusual because it was the only thing...
布莱克蒙，记者：我班上有黑人孩子；他们都是黑人。这并不让我感到惊讶或不寻常，因为这是唯一的事情......
it was the only kind of school I knew.
这是我所知道的唯一一种学校。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: From a five year old perspective, there was no difference in the children, Black, white.
唐纳德·理查森 (Donald Richardson)，1982 届：从五岁的角度来看，孩子们，无论是黑人还是白人，都没有区别。
John McCandlish, Class Of 1983: I didn't really had any awareness of the racial integration.
John McCandlish，1983 届：我并没有真正意识到种族融合。
I think I was just trying to make new friends.
我想我只是想结交新朋友。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: It was the very first time experience— the experience of interacting with the white students, was at the school, and I thought it was cool.
Jessie King，1982 届：这是第一次在学校与白人学生互动的经历，我觉得这很酷。
Billy Barber, Class of 1983: I came from a Head Start in Strike City that was all Black.
比利·巴伯 (Billy Barber)，1983 届毕业生：我来自全黑人的斯特莱克城 (Strike City)。
And going to school and, you know, there was some white here and white there.
去学校，你知道，这里有一些白色，那里有一些白色。
I mean, it wasn't just something that I saw everyday.
我的意思是，这不仅仅是我每天看到的东西。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: We all were receiving the same multiplication facts.
Jessie King，1982 届：我们都收到了相同的乘法事实。
We were all getting the same vowel sounds.
我们都听到相同的元音。
We were all reading from Sally, Dick and Jane books.
我们都在读莎莉、迪克和简的书。
There was no difference.
没有什么区别。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: It was school.
Donald Richardson，1982 届：那是学校。
It was first grade.
那是一年级。
I was...
我当时...
I was allowed to be a first grader without the shackles of the responsibility that you are in the first class of integration as a first grader.
我被允许成为一名一年级学生，而不受作为一年级学生的第一级整合责任的束缚。
Our hopes and dreams are on your shoulders.
我们的希望和梦想就在你的肩上。
I didn't have any of that.
我什么都没有。
And I think that's...
我认为那是...
that's pretty good from my parents.
这对我父母来说非常好。
Not to have scared...scared me out of my wits about racial situations.
不要害怕……让我对种族问题失去理智。
Being where we're from.
我们来自哪里。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO : None of that should have been necessary.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：这些都没有必要。
Supreme Court Archival / Thurgood Marshall: It is my opinion that the South will comply with the decision of the court and accept it.
最高法院档案/瑟古德·马歇尔：我认为南方将遵守并接受法院的裁决。
I don't think there's any question about it in the South.
我认为在南方没有任何问题。
People in the South are just as law-abiding as anybody else.
南方人和其他人一样守法。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In the years since the Supreme Court order, segregation was supposed to have already disappeared.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：自最高法院发布命令以来，种族隔离本应已经消失。
But in Mississippi and almost everywhere in the South, nothing had truly changed.
但在密西西比州和南方几乎所有地方，一切都没有真正改变。
Archival/Racists: I'm against the negroes and the whites going to school together.
档案/种族主义者：我反对黑人和白人一起上学。
I think we as white people have developed an aire of superiority over their race.
我认为我们作为白人已经对他们的种族产生了一种优越感。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In a few places, like Central High, in Little Rock Arkansas, a handful of Black students were eventually able to enroll in previously all-white schools.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：在一些地方，比如阿肯色州小石城的中央高中，少数黑人学生最终能够进入以前全是白人的学校。
But soon huge numbers of white southerners were fighting tooth and nail to preserve segregation.
但很快，大量南方白人就开始竭尽全力维护种族隔离。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: The Little Rock Nine?
维罗妮卡（利维森）理查森，老师：小石城九号？
We were glued to the newspapers and to the television.
我们沉迷于报纸和电视。
We didn't participate in it too much around here, I guess it was a little too risky.
我们这边没有参与太多，我想这有点太冒险了。
But we were glued to it, and we talked about it.
但我们对它很着迷，并且我们谈论了它。
We were so happy that somebody did that.
我们很高兴有人这么做了。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: Where we were, whatever was going on in Little Rock wasn't about to happen here at any time soon.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：无论我们在哪里，小石城发生的事情都不会很快发生在这里。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: No place in America has a more terrible past than Mississippi.
记者布莱克蒙（画外音）：在美国，没有哪个地方比密西西比州有着更可怕的过去。
With its long abuse of African-Americans and violent resistance to racial equality.
长期以来对非裔美国人的虐待和对种族平等的暴力抵制。
But as a young child, I had almost no understanding of that.
但作为一个小孩子，我对此几乎一无所知。
No one ever spoke of the nightmare lynching in Leland 50 years earlier, or the murder in 1955 of a black pastor on the other end of the county after he began registering black voters.
没有人提起过 50 年前发生在利兰的噩梦般的私刑，也没有人提起过 1955 年县另一端的一位黑人牧师在开始登记黑人选民后被谋杀。
Or the church burnings and KKK rallies not far away.
或者不远处的教堂被焚烧和三K党集会。
Or the two civil rights workers beaten in Leland during Freedom Summer in 1964.
或者 1964 年自由之夏期间，两名民权工作者在利兰遭到殴打。
The year I and most of my classmates were born.
我和我的大多数同学出生的那一年。
I can't remember hearing anything about Emmett Till, the African-American 14 year old brutally killed barely 50 miles from my hometown for supposedly whistling at a white woman.
我不记得听说过任何关于埃米特·蒂尔的事，这位 14 岁的非裔美国人因据称向一名白人妇女吹口哨而在距离我家乡仅 50 英里的地方被残酷杀害。
And the grown ups I knew rarely ever offered any explanation for why black people all around us suffered such relentless, grinding poverty.
我认识的成年人很少对为什么我们周围的黑人遭受如此无情的贫困提供任何解释。
That was at the heart of racial segregation and separating black and white children during the school day was the cornerstone of an entire system of life designed to deny education and services for black children and to trap their parents in work that made some white people wealthy, but left millions of black families desperate.
这是种族隔离的核心，在上学期间将黑人和白人儿童分开，是整个生活制度的基石，旨在剥夺黑人儿童的教育和服务，并让他们的父母陷入工作，这使一些白人变得富有，但却让数百万黑人家庭陷入绝望。
Vernice Sanders, Parent and Activist: My family were sharecroppers.
维尼斯·桑德斯（Vernice Sanders），家长兼活动家：我的家人都是佃农。
Any family that lives on a farm, you know that kids was out there too.
任何住在农场的家庭，你都知道孩子们也在那里。
We chopped cotton, picked cotton.
我们砍棉花，摘棉花。
It was a hard, difficult life.
那是一种艰难、艰难的生活。
I really wanted an education.
我真的想要接受教育。
I would get up early in the morning and go out and do work and then go to school.
我早上很早起床，出去工作，然后去上学。
But the boss man stopped that.
但老板却制止了这一切。
He told my dad that I had to be out there chopping cotton.
他告诉我爸爸我必须去那里砍棉花。
And so I had to go to school whenever there wasn't anything else to do.
所以每当没有其他事情可做时我就必须去学校。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: We picked cotton and worked in the field but we owned our own farm.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：我们采摘棉花并在地里干活，但我们拥有自己的农场。
We weren't on a white person's farm.
我们不在白人的农场。
One day my daddy had gone to the cotton gin, and I got on my knees in the cotton row, he didn't allow you to get on your knees.
有一天，我爸爸去轧棉厂，我跪在棉花行里，他不让你跪。
And I prayed.
我祈祷了。
I asked the Lord, I said, "Lord you got to help me to find something else to do." I said, "I can't stay in this cotton field all my life." So I made up my mind.
我求问主，我说：“主啊，你必须帮助我找到别的事做。”我说：我不能一辈子待在这片棉田里。于是我下定决心。
I said, I want to go to school.
我说，我想去学校。
I want to go to college.
我想上大学。
So when my dad came back, I went up to him and said, "Dad, I want to go to school." He said, "You want to go to school?
所以当我爸爸回来时，我走到他跟前说：“爸爸，我想去上学。”他说：“你想去上学吗？
You go to school." I said, "I want to go to college," I said, "When I finish school." He hesitated and waited a minute.
你去学校吧。”我说，“我想上大学，”我说，“当我完成学业时。”他犹豫了一下，等了一会儿。
He said, "If you want to go..." He said, "I'll help you if that's what you want to do." And he did.
他说：“如果你想去……”他说：“如果你想去的话，我会帮助你。”他做到了。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: I was born and raised here in Leland, Mississippi.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：我在密西西比州利兰出生和长大。
My father died before I was born, so my mom raised me.
我出生前父亲就去世了，所以我母亲把我抚养长大。
I'm the only hell she ever raised.
我是她唯一养育的地狱。
We lived in a little shotgun house in an area called Black Dog.
我们住在一个叫黑狗的地区的一个小猎枪屋里。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: I think what we're talking about here is the different sides of the track.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：我认为我们在这里讨论的是赛道的不同侧面。
We lived over on this side in a completely segregated neighborhood, completely segregated.
我们住在这边的一个完全隔离的社区，完全隔离。
That's the way we grew up.
这就是我们成长的方式。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Veronica Richardson still, Mrs. Richardson, to me, was one of the daughters of AB Levison, probably the most influential African-America taken in my town in the years of segregation.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：对我来说，维罗妮卡·理查森仍然是理查森夫人，是AB·利维森的女儿之一，她可能是种族隔离时期在我镇上被带走的最有影响力的非裔美国人。
He was in charge of Leland's black schools since the 1940s, quietly walking an impossible tightrope, pushing white leaders to provide more for schools that were overflowing with black students, but always knowing that the slightest push too hard would backfire.
自 20 世纪 40 年代以来，他一直负责管理利兰的黑人学校，默默地走着一条不可能的钢丝，敦促白人领导人为挤满黑人学生的学校提供更多服务，但他始终知道，稍稍用力就会适得其反。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: My dad was principal at this school and we lived on the school campus.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：我父亲是这所学校的校长，我们住在校园里。
Our house was across the street.
我们的房子在街对面。
So I actually rode my bicycle all around this schoolyard.
所以我实际上骑着自行车绕着这个校园转了一圈。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: The area where I lived was a lot of families.
贝蒂·科尔曼（Betty Coleman），老师：我居住的地区有很多家庭。
Two-parent families, most of them.
大部分都是双亲家庭。
If the single-parent mama took care of business was very supportive of education because, at that time, that was your only way out.
如果单亲妈妈照顾生意，她会非常支持教育，因为在那个时候，这是你唯一的出路。
Your restaurants...
你们的餐厅...
you had to go in through the back door.
你必须从后门进去。
Vernice Sanders, Parent and Activist: I worked at the Leland Cafe for years.
Vernice Sanders，家长兼活动家：我在利兰咖啡馆工作了多年。
Even though I was a cook, I had to come through the back door to cook.
虽然我是厨师，但做饭也得从后门进来。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: Doctors, they had an entrance for Black people, and they had an entrance for white people.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：医生，他们为黑人设有入口，也为白人设有入口。
They had a waiting room for Black people.
他们有一个黑人等候室。
And they had a waiting room for white people.
他们有一个白人等候室。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: The thing that I hated, though, was the fact that I couldn't go to the library downtown, the city library.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：不过，我讨厌的事情是我不能去市中心的图书馆，即市图书馆。
We would pass by and I'd want to look in, you know, but no, you can't stop there.
我们会经过，我想进去看看，但不，你不能停在那里。
They didn't really tell me why.
他们并没有真正告诉我原因。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: We passed by the Leland Hotel down there and it was nice linen and you peep in the window.
贝蒂·科尔曼（Betty Coleman），老师：我们路过那里的利兰酒店（Leland Hotel），那里的亚麻布很漂亮，你可以从窗户里往外看。
But I always felt one of these days I'm going to be able to do that too.
但我总觉得有一天我也能做到这一点。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: The Temple Theater, the black people had to sit in the balcony, and the white people sat on the floor.
杰拉尔德·琼斯·伍尔福克，1977 届：圣殿剧院，黑人必须坐在阳台上，白人坐在地板上。
It just didn't feel right.
只是感觉不太对劲。
Vernice Sanders, Parent And Activist: This lady had hired me to do some housecleaning for her.
维尼斯·桑德斯（Vernice Sanders），家长兼活动家： 这位女士雇用我为她做一些房屋清洁工作。
One time, I was working.
有一次，我正在工作。
She went to bridge club or something and she left me there.
她去了桥牌俱乐部什么的，然后把我留在那里。
The phone rang.
电话响了。
And so I picked up and said hello and she didn't hear me.
于是我接起电话打招呼，但她没有听到我的声音。
And she was talking to someone in the background and she said she had to call to check on this N to see what this N is doing.
她正在和后台的某个人说话，她说她必须打电话来检查这个 N，看看这个 N 在做什么。
It really did something to me.
它确实对我有所帮助。
It really did.
确实如此。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: My family wasn't wealthy, but we had a comfortable life.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：我的家庭并不富裕，但我们过着舒适的生活。
Dad had a good job.
爸爸有一份好工作。
Mom taught algebra at Leland High.
妈妈在利兰高中教代数。
We lived in a little house on Redbud Drive.
我们住在紫荆大道上的一所小房子里。
Birthday parties, camping trips.
生日聚会、露营旅行。
And every year, what seemed like a perfect Christmas.
每年，这似乎都是一个完美的圣诞节。
It was a long time before I realized just how different that was from the lives of so many of my classmates.
过了很长一段时间，我才意识到这与我许多同学的生活有多么不同。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: When I was very young, we were living on Neill's Plantation.
Jessie King，1982 届：当我很小的时候，我们住在尼尔的种植园。
The Black families were sharecroppers.
黑人家庭是佃农。
My dad drove tractors, plowed fields, worked at the barn.
我爸爸开拖拉机、犁地、在谷仓工作。
My mom was the maid for a white family.
我的妈妈是一个白人家庭的女佣。
And they worked all the time.
他们一直在工作。
All the time.
一直以来。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985: I lived on Walker Farm.
Cedric Bush，1985 届：我住在沃克农场。
Mr. Jimmy Walker, he was the owner of the farm, and my dad did dairy farming for him.
吉米·沃克先生，他是农场的主人，我爸爸为他从事奶牛养殖。
You raised hogs, and you had cows; you had goats.
你养猪，你养牛；你有山羊。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: It was a difficult life.
Jessie King，1982 届：生活很艰难。
It was really a difficult life.
这确实是一个艰难的生活。
We had a shotgun house.
我们有一个猎枪屋。
We didn't have heat.
我们没有暖气。
We did not have indoor plumbing.
我们没有室内管道。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985: We had outside toilets, outhouses.
Cedric Bush，1985 届：我们有室外厕所、户外厕所。
We had to go out to the outhouses by yourself at night with creepy crawly things outside.
晚上我们不得不独自去外屋，外面有令人毛骨悚然的爬虫物。
Later, we moved from one community to another.
后来，我们从一个社区搬到了另一个社区。
We had a chance to experience having an inside toilet.
我们有机会体验了内部厕所。
That was in 1977.
那是1977年的事。
I thought it was the greatest thing on earth, the greatest invention on earth.
我认为这是地球上最伟大的事情，地球上最伟大的发明。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: My dad had accepted.
Jessie King，1982 届：我爸爸已经接受了。
This is how it is.
事情就是这样。
This is the way it's going to be.
事情就是这样。
But my mom always thought that there must be a better way.
但妈妈始终认为一定有更好的办法。
I'll never forget this particular evening.
我永远不会忘记这个特别的夜晚。
We were sitting on the porch, waiting on him to get off work.
我们坐在门廊上等他下班。
We did that every day because we didn't eat before he got home.
我们每天都这样做，因为在他回家之前我们没有吃饭。
Back then, there were straw bosses or plantation managers who supervised the laborers.
那时，有稻草老板或种植园经理来监督工人。
My father must have done something that did not gel with the straw boss, and he kicked him.
父亲一定是做了什么与稻草老大不合的事，踢了他一脚。
Once he got out of the truck and...
当他从卡车上下来后...
Sam Pollard (OS): He kicked your father?
萨姆·波拉德（画外音）：他踢了你父亲？
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: He kicked my father in front of my mom and my brothers and sisters.
Jessie King，1982 届：他当着我妈妈和兄弟姐妹的面踢了我父亲。
I was shocked because that was my dad.
我很震惊，因为那是我的父亲。
I was so shocked.
我很震惊。
I didn't know what to say, what to do.
我不知道该说什么，该做什么。
It was like we were frozen; we were hurt because that was our hero.
我们就像被冻结了一样；我们受伤了，因为那是我们的英雄。
My mom, of course, knew that if he had struck back, he would also die.
我妈妈当然知道，如果他反击，他也会死。
She knew that.
她知道这一点。
That was the straw that broke the camel's back for her.
这就是压垮她的最后一根稻草。
She wanted her children not to be trapped on a plantation.
她希望她的孩子们不要被困在种植园里。
She wanted her children to get an education.
她希望她的孩子们能够接受教育。
Where she and he were not granted one.
她和他没有被授予一个。
My mom packed everything, and we moved to Leland.
我妈妈收拾好了所有东西，我们搬到了利兰。
And when Dad got off work he found an empty house.
当爸爸下班时，他发现房子空了。
Next thing we knew, he had shown up.
接下来我们知道，他出现了。
I think he said, "What are you doing here?
我想他是在说：“你在这里做什么？
Who told you to do this?" And her response was, "Your bath water's ready." And next thing I knew he was in there taking a bath, and that was the end of the story.
谁告诉你这样做的？”她的回答是：“你的洗澡水已经准备好了。”接下来我知道他正在里面洗澡，故事就这样结束了。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: When I came to Leland in 1953, the building that the elementary students were in was a wooden building.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：1953 年我来到利兰时，小学生所在的建筑是一座木结构建筑。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: I started first grade there.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：我在那里开始一年级。
I doubt if there were ten rooms in there.
我怀疑那里是否有十个房间。
But it was one long hallway.
但那是一条长长的走廊。
And on each side, there were your classrooms.
两边都是你们的教室。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: The textbooks had been used when they came over.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：他们过来的时候课本已经用过了。
They might have somebody's name in the front of them.
他们的前面可能有某人的名字。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: We didn't have a lot of materials and things like that, but we did worked well with what we had.
埃德娜·斯科特（Edna Scott），小学校长：我们没有很多材料和类似的东西，但我们确实利用我们拥有的东西做得很好。
You had dedicated teachers, people who cared about the students, and saw their needs.
你们有敬业的老师，关心学生并了解他们的需求的人。
And just really helped them.
确实帮助了他们。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: For most people in Mississippi, making the changes ordered by the Supreme Court in 1954 was unimaginable, or even repulsive, so instead of abolishing racially separate schools, Mississippi did exactly the opposite, launching an aggressive campaign to convince the rest of America that white and black people should remain separate forever and begin building and expanding even more segregated schools.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：对于密西西比州的大多数人来说，最高法院在 1954 年下令做出的改变是不可想象的，甚至是令人厌恶的，所以密西西比州没有废除种族隔离的学校，而是反其道而行之，发动了一场积极的运动，说服美国其他地区白人和黑人应该永远分开，并开始建造和扩建更多种族隔离的学校。
MDAH Archival: Since 1956, the state legislature has provided 80 million dollars for school construction.
MDAH 档案：自 1956 年以来，州立法机构已提供 8000 万美元用于学校建设。
70% has been spent on colored schools and 30% on white schools.
70% 用于有色人种学校，30% 用于白人学校。
Each week for the past 3 years, we have completed an average of 3 new buildings or additions to buildings.
过去 3 年，我们平均每周完成 3 座新建筑或扩建建筑。
Contracts have been awarded for over 5 thousand classrooms.
已签订了 5000 多个教室的合同。
About 3500 for colored children.
有色人种儿童大约 3500 名。
And approximately 1500 for white children.
白人儿童大约有 1500 个。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Leland's all-white school board doubled down on segregation too, adding a new classroom wing, gymnasium, cafeteria, and library to the dilapidated school for African American kids.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：利兰的全白人学校董事会也加大了种族隔离力度，为这所破旧的非裔美国孩子学校增加了新的教室翼楼、体育馆、自助餐厅和图书馆。
And they named it, yes, after Abraham Lincoln.
是的，他们以亚伯拉罕·林肯的名字命名了它。
An aerial photograph of Leland's Black campus was added to the Mississippi history textbook used by almost every ninth grader in the state, including me, 25 years later.
25 年后，一张利兰黑人校园的航拍照片被添加到密西西比州历史教科书中，该州几乎所有九年级学生（包括我）都使用该教科书。
The caption described it as a model for the education of Black pupils.
标题将其描述为黑人学生教育的典范。
Nothing else changed for a decade.
十年来没有任何其他改变。
Black and white children still attended completely separate schools.
黑人和白人儿童仍然就读完全不同的学校。
Until 1965, when the federal government finally began pressuring southern schools to obey the law.
直到 1965 年，联邦政府终于开始向南方学校施压，要求其遵守法律。
Leland adopted what was called a Freedom of Choice plan--that supposedly allowed any family, regardless of race, to attend whichever school they chose.
利兰采取了所谓的“选择自由”计划，据称该计划允许任何家庭，无论种族如何，都可以就读他们选择的学校。
Vernice Sanders, Parent And Activist: My daughter, under freedom of choice, she went to the Leland High School in the ninth grade and integrated to school.
Vernice Sanders，家长兼活动家：我的女儿在自由选择的情况下，在九年级就读于利兰高中并融入了学校。
I thought that by having these integrated schools that our kids would have an opportunity to have a better education.
我认为通过拥有这些综合学校，我们的孩子将有机会接受更好的教育。
This is what I thought.
这就是我的想法。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: I was very much aware of freedom of choice and that I could have chosen to go to the white school.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：我非常清楚选择的自由，我本可以选择去白人学校。
As a little girl, you know, I was very fair.
作为一个小女孩，你知道，我很公平。
And I remember talking to my mother and dad about I could go to the white school.
我记得和我的父母谈论我可以去白人学校。
I said I would fit right in.
我说我很适合。
And my mother said, "You are going to Lincoln."
我妈妈说：“你要去林肯。”
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: At the time, I was assistant principal of the Black elementary Black school.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：当时，我是黑人小学的副校长。
Several Black students went over there.
几个黑人学生去了那里。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: And how many white students chose to go to the Black school?
记者布莱克蒙：有多少白人学生选择去黑人学校就读？
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: None.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：没有。
Wasn't Any white students...None.
没有白人学生……没有。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In reality, Freedom of Choice was a ruse, designed to technically comply with federal law, but for all practical intents and purposes, still preserve segregation.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：实际上，选择自由是一种诡计，旨在技术上遵守联邦法律，但出于所有实际意图和目的，仍然保留种族隔离。
No white family was ever going to choose the black school.
没有白人家庭会选择黑人学校。
And Black parents knew there could be serious consequences if they sent their children to the all white schools.
黑人父母知道，如果他们把孩子送到全白人学校，可能会产生严重后果。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: A few Black parents that sent their children to the white school.
维罗妮卡（利维森）理查森，老师：一些将孩子送到白人学校的黑人家长。
Even though you knew that you would have some animosity toward you.
尽管你知道你会对你有一些敌意。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: That threat was real.
记者布莱克蒙（画外音）：这种威胁是真实存在的。
As far back as the 1950s, the state of Mississippi established a Sovereignty commission with private detectives and its own agents to spy on and harass anyone who supported the civil rights movement.
早在 20 世纪 50 年代，密西西比州就成立了一个主权委员会，由私人侦探和自己的特工组成，负责监视和骚扰任何支持民权运动的人。
They even hired a paid informant in Leland.
他们甚至在利兰雇佣了一名付费线人。
And when local police heard that the town plumber, a man named BT Grossly was secretly forming a chapter of the NAACP, they threatened that white customers would refuse to hire him and ruin his business.
当当地警察听说镇上的水管工 BT Grossly 正在秘密组建全国有色人种协进会分会时，他们威胁白人顾客将拒绝雇用他并毁掉他的生意。
But there was one group of African-Americans who had little to fear anymore.
但有一群非裔美国人不再有什么可害怕的了。
The families out at Strike City already had lost everything.
斯特莱克城的家庭已经失去了一切。
They never got their homes or jobs back.
他们再也没有拿回自己的家园或工作。
They'd been harassed and terrorized, but still they managed to build for themselves houses and a meeting hall.
他们受到骚扰和恐吓，但他们仍然设法为自己建造房屋和会议厅。
They received federal war on poverty funds to open up a Head Start program for preschoolers.
他们获得了联邦反贫困基金，为学龄前儿童开设了启蒙计划。
Strike City became a hub of civil rights activism.
斯特莱克城成为民权活动的中心。
The strikers even took their tents to the lawn of the U.S. Capitol.
罢工者甚至把帐篷带到了美国国会大厦的草坪上。
And in 1966, their leader, a former tractor driver named John Henry Sylvester, testified before Congress about the hardships and abuse in Mississippi.
1966 年，他们的领导人、前拖拉机司机约翰·亨利·西尔维斯特 (John Henry Sylvester) 在国会作证，讲述密西西比州的苦难和虐待行为。
When Freedom of Choice finally opened up those first few seats in Leland's white schools.
当“选择自由”最终在利兰的白人学校中开放了最初的几个席位时。
The families at Strike City weren't intimidated.
斯特莱克城的家庭并没有被吓倒。
Sylvester’s Daughter: I was one of the kids that did integrate into the white school.
西尔维斯特的女儿：我是融入白人学校的孩子之一。
Dean school out there.
迪安学校就在那里。
I was 13 years old.
那年我13岁。
In the sixth grade.
六年级的时候。
It was hard when we first moved over there.
我们刚搬到那里的时候很困难。
If you sat at the table with some of the whites, they'd get up and move.
如果你和一些白人坐在桌旁，他们就会站起来走动。
They didn't want to be by you.
他们不想和你在一起。
And another thing.
还有一件事。
We had to go to the bathroom separate from the white kids.
我们必须与白人孩子分开去洗手间。
We had to wait until they go to the bathroom, and then we went.
我们必须等到他们去洗手间，然后我们才去。
Some of the teachers were all right.
有些老师还好。
Some of them wasn't.
其中一些不是。
Some of them, like, they didn't want to help you learn.
他们中的一些人，比如，他们不想帮助你学习。
You know?
你知道？
Like, you'd ask them something, and they'd tell you to sit down.
就像，你问他们一些事情，他们会让你坐下。
Go do like I told you.
照我告诉你的去做吧。
Look in a book if you want to know this here.
如果你想了解这一点，请看书。
The principal over there, that was the meanest white man I ever seen in my life.
那边的校长，是我一生中见过的最卑鄙的白人。
If he caught you in the bathroom with a white, that man, he'd make you sit out in that hallway.
如果他在浴室里发现你和那个白人男人在一起，他会让你坐在走廊上。
He'd make you sit out in that hallway until it was time to go home.
他会让你坐在走廊里直到回家。
He wouldn't let you go back to the classroom.
他不让你回教室。
Then you had to come up there with your parents the next day.
然后你第二天必须和你的父母一起去那里。
Well, I took my dad up there with me.
嗯，我带着我爸爸一起去了那里。
Most folks said my daddy mean, but John Henry Sylvester wasn't mean, he just didn't like nobody picking on his kids for nothing.
大多数人都说我爸爸刻薄，但约翰·亨利·西尔维斯特并不是刻薄，他只是不喜欢有人无缘无故地欺负他的孩子。
He went in the office, they won't let me go in there.
他进了办公室，他们不让我进去。
And from that day on, I didn't have no problems at that school.
从那天起，我在那所学校就没有遇到任何问题。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: After a few years, freedom of choice had turned out the way it was always intended.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：几年后，选择自由变成了它一直想要的样子。
Barely 3% of black children in Mississippi were attending school with white children.
密西西比州只有 3% 的黑人儿童与白人儿童一起上学。
The Leland High graduating class of 1969 had only three African-Americans out of a class of 70.
1969 年利兰高中毕业班的 70 名毕业生中只有 3 名非裔美国人。
White Southerners always insisted that if segregation truly had to be abandoned, it should happen as slowly as possible.
南方白人始终坚持认为，如果确实必须放弃种族隔离，那么它应该尽可能缓慢地发生。
But the time for that kind of gradual change was running out in 1969.
但到 1969 年，这种渐进式变革的时间已经不多了。
In 1969, tensions in Leland boiled over.
1969 年，利兰的紧张局势爆发。
African-Americans launched a boycott of white owned stores.
非裔美国人发起了对白人经营的商店的抵制。
Students at the black high school organized a walkout and tried to march across town to the white high school, but they were teargassed by the town police chief.
黑人高中的学生组织罢课，试图穿过城镇前往白人高中，但遭到镇警察局长的催泪瓦斯袭击。
A melee began.
一场混战开始了。
Windows were broken.
窗户被打破了。
A white man confronted two black teenagers outside a store near the edge of town, pulled out a pistol and shot a 16 year old African-American boy.
一名白人男子在城镇边缘附近的一家商店外与两名黑人青少年对峙，并掏出手枪射杀了一名 16 岁非裔美国男孩。
He survived, but there was no serious investigation.
他活了下来，但没有进行认真的调查。
The white man was never charged.
这名白人从未受到指控。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: There were news stories all of the time about the push for integration in different parts of the South.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：一直有关于南方不同地区推动一体化的新闻报道。
So as the school year of 1969 started, there was a lot more discussion that full integration is getting closer.
因此，随着 1969 学年的开始，关于全面融合越来越近的讨论越来越多。
It's likely that there will be a major change.
很可能会发生重大变化。
I don't know if this is the best time to tell this story, but since we're talking about integration.
我不知道现在是否是讲述这个故事的最佳时机，但既然我们正在谈论集成。
In 1962, I had just graduated from Louisiana Tech, and we moved to North Carolina for your father to go to graduate school.
1962 年，我刚从路易斯安那理工学院毕业，我们搬到了北卡罗来纳州，供你父亲读研究生。
And so I had to have a job.
所以我必须有一份工作。
I took a job teaching in a small rural school.
我在一所乡村小学校找到了一份教书工作。
When I interviewed, the principal said, "Well, you should know that this year we're going to be integrated." And I couldn't even...
当我接受采访时，校长说：“嗯，你应该知道，今年我们要整合了。”而我什至无法...
I didn't have a choice of thinking about whether that was okay with me or not because I had to have a job.
我无法选择考虑这是否适合我，因为我必须有一份工作。
Then he said that the Native American school close by was being closed, so we would have Indian students.
然后他说附近的美洲原住民学校要关闭，所以我们会有印第安学生。
That was the integration he was talking about.
这就是他所说的整合。
And I was--I was totally confused.
我当时——我完全困惑了。
I had no idea that the Indian students had been kept apart.
我不知道印度学生被隔离了。
And I didn't know that I was supposed to be prejudiced against them.
我不知道我应该对他们有偏见。
So I wasn't.
所以我不是。
During that year, I kept trying to figure out why there was this prejudice.
那一年，我一直在思考为什么会有这样的偏见。
And as I began to realize that the prejudice that I saw was, in my opinion, wrong, then my ideas began to change about what was right and what was wrong about race.
当我开始意识到我所看到的偏见在我看来是错误的时，我对种族正确与错误的看法开始发生变化。
I realized that the that that we had to open up society and open up educational opportunities to other groups of people, including Blacks.
我意识到我们必须开放社会，并向包括黑人在内的其他群体开放教育机会。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In October 1969, the Supreme Court finally issued the decision that would change everything.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：1969 年 10 月，最高法院最终发布了改变一切的判决。
The ruling in Alexander V Holmes combined dozens of lawsuits against white school systems in Mississippi and ordered all of them to genuinely integrate every school immediately.
亚历山大五世霍姆斯案的裁决结合了数十起针对密西西比州白人学校系统的诉讼，并命令所有这些诉讼立即真正整合每所学校。
No more take your time, no more.
不再需要你的时间，不再。
With all due speed.
以应有的速度。
The ruling was crystal clear.
判决结果非常清楚。
Close all segregated schools in the middle of the academic year..
在学年中期关闭所有隔离学校。
combine them and then reopen as fully integrated schools.
将它们合并，然后作为完全融合的学校重新开放。
Archival / News/Chet Huntley: In the South.
档案/新闻/切特·亨特利：在南方。
Reaction to the Supreme Court ruling was predictable, angry and swift.
对最高法院裁决的反应是可以预见的、愤怒而迅速的。
Governor Lester Maddox of Georgia called it criminal.
佐治亚州州长莱斯特·马多克斯称其为犯罪行为。
Others characterized it as a disaster for public education.
其他人则将其描述为公共教育的一场灾难。
ARCHIVAL / Sen James Eastland: Now, we're going to have a great number of private schools that will be formed in the state.
档案/参议员詹姆斯·伊斯特兰：现在，我们将在该州建立大量私立学校。
And I have found that neither race desires highly integrated schools.
我发现这两个种族都不需要高度融合的学校。
James Lacey, Newspaper Editor: Ugh, terrible.
报纸编辑詹姆斯·莱西：呃，太糟糕了。
He'd trade any vote for segregation.
他愿意用任何选票来换取种族隔离。
They come along today with this kinda stuff, excusing these kind of activities like senator Eastland's activities: Oh that was just the way it was back then.
他们今天带着这样的东西来，为这些活动辩护，比如伊斯特兰参议员的活动：哦，当时就是这样。
Well that's baloney, that's the way Eastland was back then, it wasn't the way things were back then.
好吧，那是胡说八道，那是伊斯特兰当时的样子，当时的情况不是这样的。
He could have been different if he wanted to be.
如果他愿意的话，他本可以变得不同。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: In the middle of the school year, we had to desegregate.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：在学年中期，我们不得不废除种族隔离。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: The order came down on Thursday.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：该命令是周四下达的。
Monday, they were back in their trucks getting old.
周一，他们又回到了自己的卡车里，但他们已经变老了。
So this desk and things because they had to get the all the little desks at one school and and all the larger desks and another school.
所以这张桌子和其他东西，因为他们必须得到一所学校的所有小桌子和另一所学校的所有大桌子。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: We got this big truck.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：我们有这辆大卡车。
And we started hauling books and things.
我们开始搬运书籍和东西。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: The Superintendent called me in the office and told me, you going to be going to Dean School as principal.
埃德娜·斯科特 (Edna Scott)，小学校长： 学监打电话给我，告诉我，你将担任迪恩学校的校长。
First thing I did, I lost my voice I was so nervous and upset.
我做的第一件事就是失声，我非常紧张和不安。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: White parents were reluctant about Blacks teaching their children.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：白人父母不愿意让黑人教他们的孩子。
My principal told me, you will teach science.
我的校长告诉我，你会教科学。
I guess they said that's not an important subject...
我猜他们说这不是一个重要的话题......
so just let her teach the science.
所以就让她教科学吧。
She's black.
她是黑人。
She can't teach the reading.
她不能教读书。
She's not equipped to teach the math.
她没有能力教数学。
We'll give her something insignificant.
我们会给她一些微不足道的东西。
Well, I don't like science really.
嗯，我真的不喜欢科学。
I said, Okay.
我说，好吧。
If I have to teach science it's going to be the best science class they've ever had.
如果我必须教科学，这将是他们上过的最好的科学课。
Bob Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Father: We quickly learned that many of the of the African-American teachers had degrees from prestigious universities, Ohio State, Michigan State, you know, and and we couldn't quite figure out why.
鲍勃·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的父亲：我们很快了解到，许多非裔美国教师拥有俄亥俄州立大学、密歇根州立大学等著名大学的学位，你知道，我们不太明白为什么。
And then we learned that the state of Mississippi gave people scholarships to go out of state to get their degree, rather than having them integrate places like Ole Miss and Mississippi State.
然后我们了解到，密西西比州为人们提供奖学金，让他们到州外获得学位，而不是让他们融入密西西比州和密西西比州这样的地方。
And that's one of the the teachers on the surface of it, the black teachers seemed more qualified than the white teachers.
还有就是老师，从表面上看，黑人老师似乎比白人老师更有资格。
James Lacey, Newspaper Editor: When the school integration thing came along, there was this effort to support the public school.
James Lacey，报纸编辑：当学校一体化的事情出现时，人们就做出了支持公立学校的努力。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: Your father and I, we were very strong supporters of public school.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：你的父亲和我，我们都是公立学校的坚定支持者。
Now, there are at least two different reasons.
现在，至少有两个不同的原因。
One is financial.
一是金融。
We didn't feel like that we could afford to send our children to a private school.
我们觉得我们没有能力送孩子去私立学校。
But then also philosophically, we believed that public schools were extremely important and that integration was okay.
但从哲学上来说，我们相信公立学校极其重要，整合是可以的。
We were not marching for integration, but we were not as opposed to it as many people that I knew.
我们并不是为了一体化而游行，但我们并不像我认识的很多人那样反对一体化。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: Did you have any reservations?
记者布莱克蒙：您有保留吗？
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: We had many reservations about it.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：我们对此有很多保留。
You have one shot at raising your children.
你有一次抚养孩子的机会。
You don't get do overs.
你不会重来。
And we were very, very concerned that our children get a good education.
我们非常非常关心我们的孩子能否得到良好的教育。
It was something that nobody had done before.
这是以前没有人做过的事情。
We didn't know how it was going to go, but we felt strongly that we had to had to give it a chance.
我们不知道事情会如何发展，但我们强烈地感到我们必须给它一个机会。
James Lacey, Newspaper Editor: We had Bert Tuggle, a young preacher.
詹姆斯·莱西（James Lacey），报纸编辑：我们有伯特·塔格尔（Bert Tuggle），一位年轻的传教士。
There, in the Presbyterian Church.
在那里，长老会教堂里。
Got up and said the unthinkable: "Segregation is unchristian." Now, that was a bold, bold statement for that time.
站起来说出了令人难以置信的话：“种族隔离是不基督教的。”这对于当时来说是一个非常大胆的声明。
And I never heard a preacher say it and nobody else around ever heard a preacher say it.
我从来没有听过传教士说过这句话，周围也没有人听过传教士说过这句话。
Maybe in private, but not from the pulpit.
也许是在私下里，但不是在讲坛上。
The reaction was upset.
反应很不安。
Indignation.
愤慨。
Rage.
愤怒。
People left the church.
人们离开了教堂。
My personal reaction: I was proud of him.
我个人的反应：我为他感到骄傲。
Bob Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Father: He spoke bravely from the pulpit that this was the right thing to do.
鲍勃·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的父亲：他在讲坛上勇敢地说这是正确的做法。
His position essentially divided the church.
他的立场基本上分裂了教会。
There was about a third of the congregation that didn't like what he was saying, and they left the church.
大约有三分之一的会众不喜欢他所说的话，于是他们离开了教堂。
But guess what?
但你猜怎么着？
The church was better off without them.
没有他们，教会会过得更好。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: A group of black and white parents began meeting privately every Thursday night, mostly at black churches, and usually led by Mr. Grossly, the African-American plumber who refused to back down when the state of Mississippi threatened to ruin his business.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：一群黑人和白人家长开始每周四晚上私下聚会，主要是在黑人教堂，通常由非裔美国水管工格罗斯利先生领导，当密西西比州威胁要毁掉他的生意时，他拒绝让步。
Mrs. Scott, the uncompromising black principal at our elementary school, also joined in.
我们小学毫不妥协的黑人校长斯科特夫人也加入了进来。
Those sessions led to even larger public gatherings.
这些会议导致了更大规模的公众集会。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: There were several community meetings, as I recall, in the school auditorium where these issues were discussed.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：据我记得，在学校礼堂举行了几次社区会议，讨论了这些问题。
There were little placards passed out that said, "Think positive." Keep a positive attitude about this.
分发了一些小标语牌，上面写着“积极思考”。对此保持积极的态度。
Don't assume that it's going to all be negative.
不要假设这一切都会是负面的。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: One man I never forget, he had a patch with a you know, over his eye.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：有一个人我永远不会忘记，他的眼睛上戴着一个你知道的眼罩。
He got up in the meeting and asked this question, how come they how come they want to come over to our school?
他在会上站起来问了这样一个问题，他们为什么要来我们学校呢？
He said, let them stay in their own school.
他说，让他们留在自己的学校吧。
Some of the white people really didn't think it was going to happen.
一些白人确实认为这不会发生。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon's Mother: A group of people began to say publicly, We're going to keep our children in public school.
莎拉·布莱克蒙（Sarah Blackmon），道格拉斯·布莱克蒙（Douglas Blackmon）的母亲：一群人开始公开表示，我们要把我们的孩子留在公立学校。
We decided to buy an ad in the local newspaper, The Leland Progress, and put our name on the line that we are committed to public education.
我们决定在当地报纸《利兰进步报》上买一则广告，并在上面写上我们致力于公共教育的广告。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO : My parents names were near the top of the list.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：我父母的名字排在名单的顶部。
Then a few days later, the Ku Klux Klan dropped threatening fliers on the front yard of our home and every other house on our street.
几天后，三K党向我们家的前院和街上的所有其他房子投掷威胁传单。
But the newspaper ad kept appearing again every week for a month, each time with more names.
但报纸广告在一个月内每周都会再次出现，每次都有更多的名字。
First day of first grade to graduation Elementary school
小学一年级第一天到毕业
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Finally, it was time for me and my classmates to begin first grade.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：终于，我和我的同学们开始一年级了。
Our class arrived on September 4th, 1970, under a still blistering hot Mississippi Delta sky.
我们班于 1970 年 9 月 4 日抵达，密西西比三角洲的天空依然炎热。
When that day came, more than half of Leland's white children didn't show up, but the other half did.
当那一天到来时，利兰一半以上的白人孩子没有出现，但另一半却出现了。
First day of school for me, I don't know.
开学第一天，我不知道。
I guess it just felt like anybody else's first day of school.
我想这就像其他人第一天上学一样。
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: First day of school for me.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：我上学的第一天。
I don't know.
我不知道。
I guess it just felt like anybody else's first day of school.
我想这就像其他人第一天上学一样。
A little scary.
有点吓人。
That was the one day that my mother went to school with me to get you all registered and hand her baby boy off to Miss Scott, who was principal.
那天，我母亲和我一起去学校给你们登记，并将她的男婴交给校长斯科特小姐。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985: You had the plantation owner's children going to school with us.
Cedric Bush，1985 届：你们让种植园主的孩子和我们一起上学。
You go to school together.
你们一起上学。
You would think that they would treat you differently, and it didn't really happen like that.
你可能会认为他们会以不同的方式对待你，但事实并非如此。
We did playground recess, ate lunch together.
我们在操场休息，一起吃午餐。
We just didn't ride the bus together because their parents were fortunate enough to drive them to school.
我们只是没有一起坐公共汽车，因为他们的父母很幸运地开车送他们去学校。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: The only explicit, racially specific memory that I have from those very early days was being out on the playground one day and another little white boy comes along and clearly he's repeating something he heard from his parents.
布莱克蒙，记者：我从很早开始就拥有的唯一明确的、种族特定的记忆是有一天在操场上，另一个白人小男孩走过来，显然他正在重复从父母那里听到的事情。
But he says, "I think all of the I think all the Blacks should go back to Africa." And I remember my amazement at the idea that they were from Africa, because in my limited imagination, I could only hear that as to mean that these kids I knew were born in Africa and had come to Leland, Mississippi, to go to school.
但他说，“我认为所有的黑人都应该回到非洲。”我记得我对他们来自非洲的想法感到惊讶，因为在我有限的想象力中，我只能听到这意味着我认识的这些孩子出生在非洲，来到密西西比州的利兰上学。
And I said, I remember saying, "Anthony and Craig and Donald, they're from Africa?" And he said, "Yeah, they're all from Africa." And that to me is to me.
我说，我记得我说过，“安东尼、克雷格和唐纳德，他们来自非洲？”他说：“是的，他们都来自非洲。”这对我来说就是对我来说。
I thought, Wow, that's incredible.
我想，哇，这太不可思议了。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: You may have been taught things at home, but, you know, it wasn't taught in school.
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：您可能在家里学到了一些东西，但是，您知道，学校里没有教过这些东西。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: Some of my Black friends pulled me to the side, as a matter of fact, one on each side and said, "You coming to play with us today.
唐纳德·理查森 (Donald Richardson)，1982 届：事实上，我的一些黑人朋友把我拉到一边，每边一个，说：“你今天来和我们一起玩。
You going to play with the Black boys today.
你今天要和黑人男孩一起玩。
You know, you're not supposed to be over there with the white boys.
你知道，你不应该和白人男孩在一起。
You're supposed to be with the-- you're supposed to be with the Black boys." And I mean, they kind of pressured me and they were serious and they were they seemed to be upset to a degree.
你应该和黑人男孩在一起。”我的意思是，他们有点向我施加压力，他们很严肃，他们似乎在某种程度上感到不安。
And I told them, I said, "Hey, let's go all play together." They won't mind you playing with them.
我告诉他们，我说，“嘿，我们一起去玩吧。”他们不会介意你和他们一起玩。
I'm going over there.
我要去那里。
But they still kind of adamant about it and I didn't go with them.
但他们还是很固执，我没有跟他们一起去。
I went with my friend Jimmy because that's what I play with every day.
我和我的朋友吉米一起去，因为那是我每天都玩的东西。
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: It was great.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：太棒了。
I don't think you could have, especially the elementary years.
我认为你不可能，尤其是小学阶段。
I don't know that you could have had a better experience or better teachers or better supervision.
我不知道你本可以有更好的经历、更好的老师或更好的监督。
I just don't remember ever, ever, having a problem with anything.
我只是不记得曾经、曾经有过任何问题。
John McCandlish, Class Of 1983: We always got along at the school.
John McCandlish，1983 届：我们在学校总是相处得很好。
I'm sure there were things that maybe I'm forgetting that we didn't get along from a racial perspective, but it seemed to me when you removed the school and you went outside and into the community and I hate to say it, but to the adults that there wasn't the embrace of the integration.
我确信有些事情也许我忘记了，我们从种族角度来看并不相处，但在我看来，当你搬走学校，走出去进入社区时，我不想这么说，但对成年人来说，没有融合的拥抱。
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: I do remember there were several people I was friends with, and I remember my mother having to tell me, well, they're not going to go to school with you.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：我确实记得有几个人是我的朋友，我记得我妈妈不得不告诉我，好吧，他们不会和你一起上学。
They're going to go somewhere else.
他们要去别的地方。
And I thought it was a little weird.
我觉得这有点奇怪。
How come they're not going to school with us?
他们怎么不和我们一起上学？
James Lacey, Newspaper Editor: The group of people who could not stand integration, got together and created Leland academy, and that threw a lot of children out of the public school.
詹姆斯·莱西，报纸编辑：一群无法忍受融合的人聚集在一起创建了利兰学院，这使得很多孩子被赶出了公立学校。
Bob Neill, Class Of 1960: I was on the original board to start the Leland Academy.
鲍勃·尼尔 (Bob Neill)，1960 届毕业生：我是创办利兰学院的最初董事会成员。
I don't know how deep you want to get into the mind set, but I don't think it was so much a racial thing as it was a social, cultural, moral, economic thing.
我不知道你想深入了解这种心态，但我认为这与其说是种族问题，不如说是社会、文化、道德、经济问题。
And educational.
和教育性的。
Uh, there was a, I think those figured into it more than race, although.
呃，不过，我认为这些因素比种族更重要。
There was a racial factor involved.
其中涉及种族因素。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: All over Mississippi and soon all across the South, white people opposed to racial integration were doing something the Supreme Court would never have believed possible.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：在整个密西西比州，很快在整个南方，反对种族融合的白人正在做一些最高法院永远认为不可能的事情。
All white private schools like the one in Leland popped up almost overnight in dozens of towns.
像利兰的一所这样的所有白人私立学校几乎一夜之间在数十个城镇中涌现。
Archival/News Reporter: In the Canton, Mississippi School district, parents and their children have been working around the clock to convert this former tent manufacturing plant into an academy for grades one through 12.
档案/新闻记者：在密西西比州坎顿学区，家长和孩子们夜以继日地工作，将这家前帐篷制造厂改造成一至十二年级的学院。
Most of the 1400 white students in the district are now enrolled.
该学区 1400 名白人学生中的大多数现已入学。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Soon, there were more than 100 of those schools across Mississippi and nearby states, attended by more than 30,000 white students.
记者布莱克蒙（画外音）：很快，密西西比州和附近各州就有了 100 多所这样的学校，有超过 30,000 名白人学生就读。
Most of the new schools, including Leland Academy, claimed not to exclude African - American children, but in fact, they were part of an association, the private schools that for years secretly required them to refuse admission to any black child and never to hire a black teacher.
包括利兰学院在内的大多数新学校都声称不排除非洲裔美国儿童，但事实上，它们是一个协会的一部分，该私立学校多年来秘密要求它们拒绝招收任何黑人儿童，并且永远不要聘请黑人教师。
Leland Academy opened in 1969 in the education building of a Baptist church, while organizers rapidly constructed a new school on vacant land right next to the Leland High School football Field .
利兰学院于 1969 年在浸信会教堂的教育大楼内开业，组织者迅速在利兰高中足球场旁边的空地上建造了一所新学校。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: At the time of integration, my expectations of what white families would do would be to leave.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：在融入社会时，我对白人家庭的期望是离开。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: I wasn't surprised.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：我并不感到惊讶。
I wasn't surprised at all.
我一点也不感到惊讶。
I knew the reason they were doing that.
我知道他们这样做的原因。
They just didn't want to be with the Black people.
他们只是不想和黑人在一起。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: And see, a lot of that, I think, had to do with ignorance.
贝蒂·科尔曼，老师：我认为，这很大程度上与无知有关。
I'm sorry.
对不起。
I mean I mean I mean, not knowing if you don't know something, you're fearful of it.
我的意思是，我的意思是，不知道如果你不知道某件事，你就会害怕它。
And so many of the white families had only known their maids.
而很多白人家庭只认识他们的女仆。
And for some of them just they were people, but not people.
对于他们中的一些人来说，他们只是人，但又不是人。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: Before I moved to Leland, I really had never had a conversation with a black person as equals until my children started school in Leland.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：在我搬到利兰之前，我真的从未与黑人进行过平等的对话，直到我的孩子在利兰开始上学。
And Veronica Richardson was one of my oldest son, Glenn's teachers.
维罗妮卡·理查森是我的大儿子之一，格伦的老师。
And I, you know, I always met all of my teachers and she would have been the first person that I can remember where I and a black person had a conversation as absolute equals.
我，你知道，我总是遇到我所有的老师，她是我记忆中第一个我和黑人进行绝对平等对话的人。
You know, it's I just had never had that experience before.
你知道，我以前从未有过这样的经历。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: I always wondered how could all the whites go to the private school?
维罗妮卡（利维森）理查森，老师：我一直想知道怎么所有的白人都能上私立学校？
How they could afford to go?
他们怎么负担得起去的费用？
And what was there that was so different.
那里有什么如此不同。
Because we catered to the whites a good bit when they were in the school system.
因为当白人在学校系统中时，我们很好地迎合了他们的需求。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: I started school at Leland Academy.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：我在 Leland Academy 开始上学。
It was an all white school.
那是一所全白人学校。
It was, I think, a combination of kids whose parents actively did not want them to go to the public school and kids whose parents were maybe interested in the public school, but worried that this was a new experiment thing.
我认为，这是父母积极不希望他们去公立学校的孩子和父母可能对公立学校感兴趣但担心这是一个新实验的孩子的结合。
And nobody knew quite where it was headed.
没有人确切知道它的去向。
So there was a combination of my child will never go to a public school, and I'd like my child to go to public school.
因此，我的孩子永远不会去公立学校，而我希望我的孩子去公立学校。
But I don't know how this is all going to go.
但我不知道这一切将如何发展。
It felt like a makeshift, which I suppose it was.
这感觉就像是一个权宜之计，我想确实如此。
It was kind of out on the highway and a building that looked sort like a school building.
它位于高速公路上，有一栋看起来有点像校舍的建筑。
It was very small, weren't a whole lot of kids there, and it was very barren.
那里很小，孩子不多，而且很贫瘠。
There were no trees or anything.
没有树或任何东西。
I mean it look like it had just gone up.
我的意思是看起来它刚刚上涨。
My memory of it is, well, this is a temporary installation, sort of.
我的记忆是，嗯，这是一个临时安装。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In the year before full integration, Leland's public schools had barely changed from a decade earlier.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：在全面一体化的前一年，利兰的公立学校与十年前相比几乎没有变化。
The African-American school remained 100% black.
非裔美国人学校仍然是 100% 黑人。
Leland's previously all white schools were still more than 90% white.
利兰以前的全白人学校仍然有90%以上是白人。
Only 81 black kids had shared classrooms with more than 1000 white children.
只有 81 名黑人孩子与 1000 多名白人孩子共用教室。
After it all became one system, Leland schools were 80% black and 20% white.
一切成为一个系统后，利兰学校的学生比例为 80% 黑人和 20% 白人。
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: That school year, I started back teaching full time.
莎拉·布莱克蒙（Sarah Blackmon），道格拉斯·布莱克蒙（Douglas Blackmon）的母亲：那学年，我开始全职教学。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blacmon, Journalist: How did you react to being around all these Black people?
记者布拉克蒙：你对周围这么多黑人有何反应？
Sarah Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Mother: I had to do some fast learning.
莎拉·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的母亲：我必须快速学习。
There were things that I had said all of my life, like calling my students boys and girls.
有些话我一生都说过，比如称我的学生为男孩和女孩。
But I began to realize that to my Blacks students, being called a boy, always being called a boy was very offensive.
但我开始意识到，对于我的黑人学生来说，被称为男孩，总是被称为男孩是非常无礼的。
I didn't want to offend my students.
我不想冒犯我的学生。
So I began to work at never calling them boys.
所以我开始努力不再称他们为男孩。
I worked at not doing things that I knew were offensive.
我努力不做那些我知道会冒犯的事情。
I am a teacher.
我是一名老师。
I wanted my students to learn, and if my behavior kept them from learning, then I needed to do something about my behavior.
我希望我的学生能够学习，如果我的行为阻碍了他们学习，那么我需要对我的行为采取一些措施。
Edna Scott, Elementary School Principal: At first, I went through some challenges there with teachers, with teachers.
埃德娜·斯科特，小学校长：起初，我和老师们一起经历了一些挑战。
There were some teachers pulling out, you know, going to the school because they refused to work under me or with me.
你知道，有些老师退出学校，因为他们拒绝在我手下或与我一起工作。
One in particular was something to deal with, let me tell you.
让我告诉你，其中一件特别需要处理的事情。
I hated to see the school where one shade is up and one's half down.
我讨厌看到一帘朝上、一半朝下的学校。
This up and down, you know, like that.
你知道，这样上下。
So I made an announcement.
所以我发布了一个公告。
I said, "Please adjust your shades before leaving." She said she had been at that school, don't know how many years.
我说：“离开前请调整好窗帘。”她说她在那所学校上过学，不知道多少年了。
I don't know how many years, she said.
我不知道多少年了，她说。
But she said nobody told her to adjust to shades.
但她说没有人告诉她要适应色调。
I said, "Okay." I just said okay.
我说：“好吧。”我只是说好吧。
So in the evening when school was out, I'd walk down the hall, walk in her room.
所以晚上放学的时候，我会穿过走廊，走进她的房间。
I'd go, "Hey, how you doing?" I'd go to her window, adjust the shades, and walk out.
我会说：“嘿，你好吗？”我会走到她的窗前，调整窗帘，然后走出去。
I did that for three evenings straight.
我连续三个晚上都这样做。
The fourth evening I walked in there, I never will forget.
我走进那里的第四个晚上，我永远不会忘记。
She said, "You don't have to come in here and adjust my shades." And I said, "I don't mind it.
她说：“你不必来这里调整我的窗帘。”我说：“我不介意。
I don't mind it at all." But since then, when I would get down there, her shades was adjusted and she was gone.
我一点也不介意。”但从那以后，当我到那里时，她的墨镜调好了，她就走了。
So I didn't have that problem anymore.
所以我不再有这个问题了。
I worked it out.
我解决了。
Me and the good Lord.
我和仁慈的主。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: The faculty actually got along pretty well, the whites and the Blacks.
维罗妮卡（利维森）理查森，老师：事实上，白人和黑人的教员相处得很好。
Some of us became friends on down through the years.
我们中的一些人多年来成为了朋友。
Teaching strategies how do you do this and how do you teach this.
教学策略 你如何做到这一点以及你如何教授这个。
And shared the ways that we could handle children.
并分享了我们可以处理孩子的方法。
We didn't talk race too much.
我们没有过多谈论种族。
We just more or less talked people.
我们只是或多或少交谈过的人。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: The way we were set up in school was, they had A, B, C, D, all the way, I think all the way down to G and H as far as grouping children into classes.
Van Poindexter，1982 级：我们在学校的设置方式是，他们有 A、B、C、D，一直到 G 和 H，就将孩子分组而言。
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: Early in elementary school, we had to take a test and people were grouped afterwards.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：小学初期，我们必须参加考试，然后将人们分组。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: The whole A, B, C group and the whole the connotation behind it?
Donald Richardson，1982 届：整个 A、B、C 组以及其背后的整个内涵？
You know, I think about George Orwell.
你知道，我想到了乔治·奥威尔。
I mean, you know, I think about 1984 and, you know, these are the alphas and the betas.
我的意思是，你知道，我想到 1984 年，你知道，这些是阿尔法和贝塔。
Paul Chambers, and I'm trying to think, Craig Rainey and that's it.
保罗·钱伯斯，我正在努力思考，克雷格·雷尼，就是这样。
Only about three African-American males in the A group, you know, in a town that is to say the least, chock full of African-American males.
你知道，在一个至少可以说充满了非裔美国男性的小镇上，A 组中只有大约三名非裔美国男性。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: The A section was mostly going to be your white students.
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：A 组大部分是白人学生。
But I was in the B section.
但我在B区。
The B section were mostly Blacks, some white kids.
B 区大部分是黑人，也有一些白人孩子。
You kinda remember that, right?
你还记得吧？
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: Later in elementary, elementary career, some of the African-American students got a real sense of that ABC group.
唐纳德·理查森 (Donald Richardson)，1982 届：在小学生涯的后期，一些非裔美国学生对 ABC 小组有了真正的认识。
And I left Leland as a sixth grader and went to Greenville because we had moved.
当我六年级时，我离开了利兰，去了格林维尔，因为我们搬家了。
And so I'm talking about fourth graders and third graders who understood, oh, we are ability grouped, but this may not be fair.
所以我说的是四年级和三年级的学生，他们明白，哦，我们是按能力分组的，但这可能不公平。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: I started out fourth grade in C.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：我从四年级开始学习 C。
You knew that if you were in C, you're not as smart as the kids in 4B or 4A, you're not as good as the kids in 4B or 4A, you know, you were kind of...
你知道，如果你在 C 中，你就不像 4B 或 4A 中的孩子那么聪明，你也不如 4B 或 4A 中的孩子那么好，你知道，你有点......
What's a C?
什么是C？
A C is average.
A C 是平均水平。
You knew that you were average and it was kind of taken that way.
你知道自己很普通，而且人们也这么认为。
Veronica (Levison) Richardson, Teacher: What we did at that time was to sort of group by ability.
Veronica (Levison) Richardson，老师：我们当时所做的是按能力进行分组。
You know after a test?
经过测试你知道吗？
The white parents who who stayed with the school systems were kind of forward thinking people, you know.
你知道，那些留在学校系统的白人家长都是有远见的人。
And so naturally their children were in pretty...in pretty good shape.
所以很自然地，他们的孩子的身体状况非常……非常好。
And so when they took those tests, we ended up with a lot of whites together.
因此，当他们进行这些测试时，我们最终得到了很多白人。
And so you still had, in a way, a sort of a segregation.
因此，在某种程度上，仍然存在某种隔离。
We don't do that sort of thing now.
我们现在不做那种事了。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: I decided that I'm not going to stay in for C.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：我决定不再留在 C 班。
I think I belong in A, and I'm going to work to make sure I do.
我认为我属于 A 类，我将努力确保我属于 A 类。
In the fifth grade I moved to five B and there were a few more white children, but still mostly Black.
五年级时，我升到了五 B，那里有更多的白人孩子，但仍然主要是黑人。
But then I moved to six A.
但后来我升到了六A。
That's where you and I met.
那是你和我相遇的地方。
Six A almost flipped.
六A差点翻车。
It was mostly white, and mostly middle class and upper middle class children that were in those classes.
这些班级里的学生大部分是白人，而且大部分是中产阶级和中上层阶级的孩子。
I'm a new guy just coming in, so I was an interloper.
我是一个刚进来的新人，所以我是一个闯入者。
They were looking at me like, How did you get in here?
他们看着我，好像在问，你怎么进来的？
Where did you come from?
你从哪里来？
Not just the white students, but more so the Black students.
不仅是白人学生，黑人学生更是如此。
And so I had issues, had bullying issues with several of the folks.
所以我遇到了问题，与几个人有欺凌问题。
I won't mention names.
我不会提及名字。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: Leland Academy only went through the sixth grade.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：利兰学院只完成了六年级。
And so my parents had a choice and that was either put me on a bus to another town or go to the public school.
所以我的父母有一个选择，要么让我乘公共汽车去另一个城镇，要么去公立学校。
And by that time the public school had been 6 years, and the world hadn't collapsed and the sky hadn't fallen.
而那时公立学校已经6年了，世界还没有崩溃，天还没有塌下来。
And my dad was teaching, I think, at Leland High School at that time.
我想，我父亲当时正在利兰高中教书。
And my mom had gotten to know a lot of the teachers.
我妈妈认识了很多老师。
And I think she started to feel the teaching was in many ways better at public school than at some private schools.
我认为她开始觉得公立学校的教学在很多方面都比一些私立学校更好。
And so they just made the decision that they were going to send me to the public school, which turned out to be one of the best things that ever happened to me.
所以他们决定送我去公立学校，事实证明这是我经历过的最好的事情之一。
So.
所以。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Leland's public schools were not perfect, but it meant something when families like Pam Pepper's came back.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：利兰的公立学校并不完美，但当像帕姆·佩珀这样的家庭回来时，这意味着一些事情。
Things were changing.
事情正在发生变化。
In 1976, Leland geared up for a classic small-town celebration of the 200th anniversary of the founding of America.
1976 年，利兰准备举办一场经典的小镇庆祝活动，庆祝美国建国 200 周年。
The town renovated the old train station.
镇上翻新了旧火车站。
Our congressman came to speak.
我们的国会议员上台发言。
There were two parades with wagon rides, ROTC units, a float celebrating Leland High's integrated championship football team, and the Cub Scouts marching down Main Street with my mother...were both white and Black.
有两场游行，有马车、后备军官训练队、庆祝利兰高中综合冠军橄榄球队的花车，还有童子军和我母亲一起沿着大街行进……有白人和黑人。
I marched in the Junior High School band.
我参加了初中乐队的游行。
We proudly wore blue and gold.
我们自豪地穿着蓝色和金色的衣服。
The old colors of Breisch High.
布莱施高中的旧颜色。
Bob Blackmon, Douglas Blackmon’s Father: We thought that this is going to ultimately work out.
鲍勃·布莱克蒙，道格拉斯·布莱克蒙的父亲：我们认为这最终会成功。
We believe that we had done something good.
我们相信我们做了一些好事。
We were going to change things and maybe begin to create Martin Luther King's beloved community.
我们要改变一些事情，也许会开始创建马丁·路德·金喜爱的社区。
We were optimistic.
我们很乐观。
I mean, you know, that that many years after desegregation, we were we were pretty optimistic that it was going to work out.
我的意思是，你知道，废除种族隔离多年后，我们非常乐观地认为它会成功。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: One white child that had gone to the private school all his life.
唐纳德·理查森 (Donald Richardson)，1982 届：一名一生都在私立学校上学的白人孩子。
And then he came to our school.
然后他就来到了我们学校。
He seemed to be okay on the front end, but but I could tell, all the Blacks classmates could tell, and my white classmates could tell that he hadn't been around Blacks kids.
他在前端看起来还不错，但我看得出来，所有黑人同学都看得出来，我的白人同学也看得出来，他没有和黑人孩子在一起。
We were in line and I tripped over a rock and I bumped into him and he told the teacher that I pushed him in the back.
我们排队时，我被一块石头绊倒，撞到了他，他告诉老师我把他推到了后面。
And my teacher took me outside, my white teacher took me outside.
我的老师带我出去，我的白人老师带我出去。
She went across the hall and she called another teacher who was Black, and she punished me.
她穿过大厅，打电话给另一位黑人老师，她惩罚了我。
I got..
我得到了..
I got three licks for that.
我为此被舔了三下。
And I remember being very upset, remember crying.
我记得我非常沮丧，记得哭过。
I remember being very confused about why the Black teacher had to come punish me.
我记得我很困惑为什么黑人老师要来惩罚我。
But even more so, why did the white teacher just take what he said as law?
但更何况，白老师为何偏偏把他的话当作了法律？
Lincoln Coggins, Class Of 1982: I started my first year in the Leland School system was the sixth grade.
Lincoln Coggins，1982 届：我在利兰学校系统的第一年是六年级。
So one of the very first days, we're out on the playground, I ran into a Black boy that was in the same grade as me.
所以第一天，我们在操场上，我遇到了一个和我同年级的黑人男孩。
It was purely accidental, but his friends were like, "You're going to let this guy do this to you?" It became very adversarial very quickly.
这纯粹是偶然的，但他的朋友们说，“你会让这个家伙这样对你吗？”它很快就变得非常敌对。
So we got into a fight.
于是我们就吵架了。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: There was tension between.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：之间存在紧张关系。
Some of the white students and some of the Black students and...
一些白人学生和一些黑人学生......
Gosh, it wasn't too far around the time when Roots was on television for eight nights.
天哪，距离《Roots》在电视上连续八晚播出的时间已经不远了。
That stoked even more of the kind of racial fervor.
这更加激起了种族热情。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: There seemed to be some tension or animosity at school, even though it wasn't really clear what this was about or where it started.
布莱克蒙，记者：学校里似乎存在一些紧张或敌意，尽管目前还不清楚这是关于什么或从哪里开始的。
Was it the white kids who had animosity first towards the Black kids...
是白人孩子首先对黑人孩子产生敌意吗？
I didn't know, probably didn't matter, probably wasn't a first, but there was just this unexplained tension between the Black kids and the white kids that built on itself.
我不知道，可能并不重要，可能不是第一次，但黑人孩子和白人孩子之间存在着这种无法解释的紧张关系。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: Your parents talk to you about, well, you know, you need to speak to white people a certain way.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：你的父母告诉你，嗯，你知道，你需要以某种方式与白人交谈。
It was ingrained in them and they were kind of giving us the talk, if you will, to say, you know, you need to kind of conduct yourself a certain way around white folks or you're going to get in trouble.
这是他们根深蒂固的，他们给我们讲了话，如果你愿意的话，你知道，你需要在白人面前以某种方式行事，否则你会遇到麻烦。
We've had the talk.
我们已经谈过了。
We don't like the fact that we've had the talk.
我们不喜欢我们已经进行了谈话。
And now I'm in with the guy who's basically my peer that I have to walk around on eggshells with.
现在我和一个基本上是我的同事的人在一起，我必须和他如履薄冰地走来走去。
And that's where a lot of tension was.
这就是非常紧张的地方。
I'm not going to walk around on eggshells.
我不会如履薄冰。
And there were fights.
还有打架。
Lincoln Coggins, Class Of 1982: The guy that I had the wrestling match with, it was more a wrestling match and a fight, was BILLY BARBER.
林肯·科金斯 (Lincoln Coggins)，1982 届：与我进行摔跤比赛的那个人是比利·巴伯 (BILLY BARBER)，这更像是一场摔跤比赛和一场战斗。
And I gave him a bloody nose.
我还给了他一个流血的鼻子。
I know that for a fact, because I can still see it in my mind.
我确实知道这一点，因为我仍然可以在脑海中看到它。
So by that time, the teachers come and separate us and we got out of the principal's office and...
所以到那时，老师们过来把我们分开，我们走出了校长办公室……
We didn't even know each other.
我们甚至都不认识。
How could we be angry with each other?
我们怎么能互相生气呢？
We didn't even know each other.
我们甚至都不认识。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: Don, I've got this memory and I'm trying to remember if it's right.
记者布莱克蒙：唐，我有这样的记忆，我正在努力回忆它是否正确。
I was really into GI Joes; you were really into GI Joes.
我真的很喜欢《特种部队》。你真的很喜欢《特种部队》。
GI Joe Commercial Announcer: And here's Super Joe's Rocket Command center.
特种部队商业播音员：这里是超级乔的火箭指挥中心。
Assembly required, You can imagine all the adventures you'll have with Super Joe's Rocket Command center.
需要组装，您可以想象在超级乔的火箭指挥中心将经历的所有冒险。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: Do you remember that?
记者布莱克蒙：你还记得吗？
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: Very well.
Donald Richardson，1982 届： 很好。
We were into G.I.
我们很喜欢《特种兵》（G.I.）。
Joe big time.
乔大好时光。
I don't think they developed the Kung Fu grip yet, but...
我认为他们还没有开发出功夫握把，但是......
We wanted to play at home as opposed to school.
我们想在家里打球，而不是在学校。
So we both made mention to our parents, "Hey, I want to go over to Doug's house.
所以我们都向父母提到：“嘿，我想去道格家。
Hey Doug wants to come over to my house." I remember doing that with my Black friends all the time.
嘿，道格想来我家。”我记得我一直和我的黑人朋友这样做。
I remember a discussion in my home.
我记得我家里有一次讨论。
I don't remember what was said exactly, but I could understand: "Oh, that might be tricky." They didn't say bad.
我不记得具体说了什么，但我能理解：“哦，这可能很棘手。”他们没有说不好。
They said...
他们说...
or they implied, okay, that that might be a controversial.
或者他们暗示，好吧，这可能会引起争议。
Without using the word controversial, without using the word tricky.
不使用“有争议”这个词，也不使用“棘手”这个词。
I don't even remember the word Black or white.
我什至不记得“黑”或“白”这个词。
Or Black boy or white boy.
或者黑人男孩或白人男孩。
Okay?
好吧？
I just remember them sort of glossing over it a bit, and saying, "Well, we'll see." You know, of course, my son always reminds me: "Dad, whenever you say we'll see or maybe, that means no."
我只记得他们稍微掩饰了一下，然后说：“好吧，我们拭目以待。”当然，你知道，我儿子总是提醒我：“爸爸，每当你说我们会看到或也许，那就意味着不。”
Do: uglas A.
做：乌格拉斯A.
Blackmon, Journalist: I can't remember even now.
记者布莱克蒙：我现在也不记得了。
Anyone ever saying, "No, you can't do that." But somehow we got the message.
任何人都会说：“不，你不能那样做。”但不知何故我们收到了消息。
Those kinds of experiences did begin to stack up.
这些经历确实开始累积起来。
And by Middle school, I began to think about, oh, it's very strange that school is Black and white and combined, but church is all white.
到了中学，我开始思考，哦，很奇怪，学校是黑白相间的，但教堂却是全白色的。
Little League baseball in the summer is all white.
夏天的少年棒球联盟是全白色的。
My Boy Scout troop is all white.
我的童子军全是白人。
The swimming pool I go to never has a Black person in it.
我去的游泳池里从来没有黑人。
Every other dimension of life is as harshly segregated as it ever was.
生活的所有其他方面都像以前一样被严格隔离。
But here in this one place, for a few hours, every day, it's Black and white.
但在这个地方，每天有几个小时，都是黑白的。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: I don't recall having even the remotest consciousness that something was significant about going to an integrated school.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：我不记得自己有过哪怕是最轻微的意识，认为去一所综合学校有什么重要意义。
I don't remember having a consciousness of the fact that there was a civil rights movement, quite frankly, at that age, which is horrifying and embarrassing to say.
坦率地说，我不记得在那个年纪有过民权运动的意识，这说起来令人恐惧和尴尬。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: Leland was one of the best districts that you could go to school in.
Billy Barber，1983 届：利兰是最适合上学的地区之一。
We had a tough grading system in Leland.
我们在利兰有一个严格的评分系统。
Anything below a 75 was an F.
任何低于 75 的都是 F。
And I think it helped us.
我认为这对我们有帮助。
It helped us a lot, and it helped us to value things and to want more and to do more.
它对我们帮助很大，它帮助我们珍视事物、想要更多、做得更多。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: We had great English teachers, math teachers, home economics teachers right here in this small community.
Jessie King，1982 届：在这个小社区里，我们有很棒的英语老师、数学老师、家政老师。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: I was able to do a term paper because we had teachers like Ms..
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：我能够写学期论文，因为我们有像 Ms.. 这样的老师。
Quimby, for example.
以昆比为例。
She made certain that we knew how to do an essay.
她确保我们知道如何写论文。
When I got to college, I knew how to do it.
当我进入大学时，我知道该怎么做。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: There was every kind of club and every kind of activity and that's how we formed our friendships mostly.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：有各种各样的俱乐部和各种各样的活动，这就是我们主要建立友谊的方式。
Van Poindexter, he and I were in the school play together.
范·波因德克斯特，他和我在学校一起踢球。
The friendships came from common interests because of school was small.
由于学校规模小，友谊来自共同的兴趣。
There were a lot of overlapping common interests.
有很多重叠的共同利益。
So you might be on the school newspaper with somebody and be a cheerleader with somebody.
所以你可能会和某人一起登上校报，并和某人一起成为啦啦队长。
And so you kind of have crossover friendships.
所以你们之间有交叉的友谊。
Bryan Blackmon, Class Of 1979: I was fairly athletic.
Bryan Blackmon，1979 届：我的运动能力相当不错。
I played football.
我踢足球。
You developed the same sorts of relationships really with the Black kids as you did the white kids.
你与黑人孩子建立的关系与与白人孩子建立的关系是一样的。
Probably had had a lot to do with...
大概和……有很大关系。
we were a team and we had to work together.
我们是一个团队，我们必须共同努力。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: I was not the greatest athlete in the world, but I played basketball all the time.
记者布莱克蒙：我不是世界上最伟大的运动员，但我一直打篮球。
In my junior high school years, I'd been afraid to try out, because in fact, the team was overwhelmingly Black.
在我初中的时候，我一直不敢尝试，因为事实上，球队中绝大多数都是黑人。
They were clearly better athletes than I believed myself to be at the time.
他们显然是比我当时认为自己更好的运动员。
And so I get to high school and I've decided I'm not going to let that happen again.
所以我进入了高中，我决定不再让这种情况发生。
I'm going to try out for the high school team.
我要参加高中队的选拔。
So I was the only white kid on the team.
所以我是团队中唯一的白人孩子。
We were an overwhelmingly Black team from a majority Black school playing in a league made up of other schools that were pretty much all 100% Black.
我们是一支以黑人为主的球队，来自一所以黑人为主的学校，在一个由其他学校组成的联盟中打球，而这些学校几乎都是 100% 黑人。
That experience of being the one white kid on that team was a singular one in my life.
作为那支球队中唯一的白人孩子的经历是我一生中独一无二的经历。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: I was focused.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：我很专注。
You know, as far as being a good student athlete as well.
你知道，就成为一名优秀的学生运动员而言。
My senior year, we went 21 and 5.
我高四那年，我们分别是21岁和5岁。
We won some big tournaments.
我们赢得了一些大型比赛。
We were serious about what we were doing, you know?
我们对我们所做的事情是认真的，你知道吗？
Kevin Magee, Class Of 1983: Brandon Taylor was one of the best basketball players that any of us had seen.
Kevin Magee，1983 届：Brandon Taylor 是我们见过的最好的篮球运动员之一。
He could slam it in the hoop any time he wanted to, and nobody could really stop him.
他可以随时将球投进篮筐，没有人能真正阻止他。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: I mean, they had us sharp.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：我的意思是，他们让我们很敏锐。
We ran, you know, the sprints, jump rope, long distance as well, because as a big guy, you know, being 6'7'' when I was jumping that rope, man, my quickness was, I mean, it was phenomenal.
我们跑，你知道，短跑、跳绳、长距离，因为作为一个大个子，你知道，当我跳绳时，我有 6 英尺 7 英寸，我的意思是，我的速度是惊人的。
You know, little guards blow by you; they think they're going get a layup.
你知道，小卫兵从你身边吹过；他们认为他们会上篮。
You pin them up against the board.
你把它们钉在木板上。
And he's like, 'Hey, where did you come from?' That was fun.
他说，“嘿，你从哪里来？”那很有趣。
We represented ourselves, our families and the city of Leland.
我们代表我们自己、我们的家人和利兰市。
And we wanted to, you know, come out on top.
你知道，我们想脱颖而出。
Every night we wanted to win.
每天晚上我们都想赢。
I think as a unit, we cared about each other.
我认为作为一个整体，我们互相关心。
Lincoln Coggins, Class Of 1982: The neat thing about that story of the bloody nose with BILLY BARBER is that in high school we were on one of the best baseball teams in the state.
林肯·科金斯 (Lincoln Coggins)，1982 届：与比利·巴伯 (BILLY BARBER) 流鼻血的故事的巧妙之处在于，在高中时，我们是该州最好的棒球队之一。
He was a catcher.
他是一名捕手。
I played shortstop.
我打游击手。
He was such a great leader.
他是一位伟大的领导者。
He was such a great leader.
他是一位伟大的领导者。
And I just, when I think of him, I can't help but smile because I think about how it started and how it ended.
我只是，当我想到他时，我情不自禁地微笑，因为我想到它是如何开始和如何结束的。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: I recall wonderful experiences in high school.
Jessie King，1982 届：我记得高中时的美好经历。
One is when I was a part of the Future Farmers of America, the FFA, we had two sponsors, Terry James and Alan Clark.
一是当我还是美国未来农民 (FFA) 的一员时，我们有两个赞助商，特里·詹姆斯 (Terry James) 和艾伦·克拉克 (Alan Clark)。
They took me in like I was their son.
他们收留了我，就像我是他们的儿子一样。
They made me parliamentarian, barely knew the word parliamentarian.
他们让我成为议员，但我几乎不知道议员这个词。
Certainly didn't know what it meant, but they gave me an opportunity.
当然不知道这意味着什么，但他们给了我机会。
And there was a young guy that was the president, last name was Smyly.
有一个年轻人是总统，姓斯迈利。
I was a freshman.
我当时是一年级新生。
He was a senior.
他是一名高年级学生。
But Smyly took me under his wings and told me I could do it.
但斯迈利将我置于他的保护之下，并告诉我我能做到。
And we had drilled and drilled over the parliamentary procedures.
我们对议会程序进行了反复演练。
We had Robert's Rules of Order contest.
我们举行了罗伯特议事规则竞赛。
We had to learn how to distinguish between the Jersey cows and the Brahman cows.
我们必须学习如何区分泽西牛和婆罗门牛。
Everywhere they would go, I found myself going and there were times I didn't have money, but they did not let me go without.
无论他们去哪里，我都会去，有时我没有钱，但他们不会让我没有钱就去。
And if Smyly and Alan and James had the money, Jesse did too.
如果斯迈利、艾伦和詹姆斯有钱，杰西也有。
It increased my confidence.
这增加了我的信心。
And when I became a junior, nobody had asked me, 'Will you run for junior class officer?' I was ready.
当我成为初级军官时，没有人问我，“你会竞选初级军官吗？”我已经准备好了。
I did it without second guessing myself.
我自己就这么做了，没有再犹豫。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: It wasn't all delightful and perfect and wonderful.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：这并不都是令人愉快、完美和精彩的。
One time a bunch of us went to cheerleader camp at Ole Miss, and I remember ordering frozen yogurt because I had always heard about it and heard about it, and it sounded so cool.
有一次我们一群人去密西西比大学啦啦队训练营，我记得点了冷冻酸奶，因为我一直听说过它，而且听起来很酷。
And I wanted to try frozen yogurt.
我想尝试冷冻酸奶。
And one of the Black cheerleaders said, "Well, what does it taste like?" And I said, "Well, taste it." And gave it to her.
一位黑人啦啦队队员说：“嗯，味道怎么样？”我说：“好吧，尝尝吧。”并把它给了她。
And one of the white cheerleaders said, "Are you going to use a spoon after her?" I remember thinking, 'What did you just say?' And I don't remember how the Black cheerleader reacted.
一名白人拉拉队员说：“你会用勺子追她吗？”我记得我当时想：“你刚才说什么？”我不记得黑人啦啦队长的反应。
I, I, I remember going, "Give me my yogurt back.
我，我，我记得我说过，“把我的酸奶还给我。
I'm going to keep eating it." Looking back, I have sadness now that I didn't have then about the fact that there were wonderful social relationships between 8:15 and 3:30 and at football games and working on homecoming floats and whatever else.
我要继续吃它。”回想起来，我现在感到悲伤，因为我当时没有这样的事实：在 8:15 到 3:30 之间、在足球比赛中、在返校花车上工作以及其他任何事情上，都存在着美妙的社交关系。
But they didn't extend beyond that between Blacks kids and white kids.
但他们并没有超出黑人孩子和白人孩子之间的范围。
Evelyn Gordon-Murray, Class Of 1982: Outside going to each others' house, didn't do that often.
Evelyn Gordon-Murray，1982 届：在外面去对方家时，不经常这样做。
Once you got out of school in May, you know, you may see each other at a store and pass and you'd speak.
一旦你五月放学，你知道，你可能会在商店里见面并经过并交谈。
But really, you may not see your white friends until August or September.
但实际上，您可能要到八月或九月才能见到您的白人朋友。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: In hindsight, you look at it and think, Well, why?
Pam Pepper，1982 届：事后看来，你会想，嗯，为什么？
That didn't make sense.
那没有道理。
It's not the way you live your life now.
这不是你现在的生活方式。
It was just the way it was.
事情就是这样。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: The fact that we didn't have any events together, Black and white was noticeable.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：事实上，我们没有一起参加任何活动，黑白的，这一点很明显。
The one thing I do remember was prom.
我记得的一件事是舞会。
That was it.
就是这样。
And it was..it was kind of tenuous then.
那时……有点脆弱。
You know, the whites were together and the Blacks were together.
你知道，白人团结在一起，黑人也团结在一起。
And even though we were dancing with our significant others, at the time, it was still a division.
尽管我们正在和重要的其他人一起跳舞，但当时，这仍然是一个分歧。
And you could see it whites on one side, Blacks kind of on another side.
你可以看到它的一侧是白人，另一侧是黑人。
That was...
那是...
that was weird.
这很奇怪。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: We had Blacks kids and white kids on the homecoming court, but no joint homecoming dance.
帕姆·佩珀 (Pam Pepper)，1982 届：我们在返校节操场上有黑人孩子和白人孩子，但没有联合返校舞会。
After homecoming was over, all the white kids went to the garden or wherever we went.
返校节结束后，所有的白人孩子都去了花园或我们去的任何地方。
And the Blacks kids went to wherever they went.
黑人孩子们也去他们想去的地方。
And we had separate homecoming dances, even though everybody had sat right there on the homecoming court together.
我们有单独的返校舞，尽管每个人都一起坐在返校场上。
After the senior play, my mom and dad wanted to do a cast party at our house.
高级戏剧结束后，我的妈妈和爸爸想在我们家举办一个演员聚会。
Van said something about he didn't think he was going to come.
范说了一些他认为他不会来的事情。
And I remember sort of having my feelings hurt.
我记得我的感情受到了伤害。
And he said, you know, "I don't know if my parents will let me, because if I'm over in the white neighborhood, my mother would be worried that I could be stopped or I could get in some sort of trouble."
他说，你知道，“我不知道我的父母是否会让我这样做，因为如果我在白人社区，我的母亲会担心我会被阻止，或者我会遇到某种麻烦。”
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: It was just the way we thought.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：这正是我们的想法。
You can't go to white people's houses like that.
你不能那样去白人的房子。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: He said it and I thought, well no!
Pam Pepper，1982 届：他这么说，我想，不！
You know, how could that be?
你知道，怎么会这样呢？
It's just our neighborhood.
这只是我们的邻居。
It's just our house.
这只是我们的房子。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: I'll be honest with you, we were just frightened of the trouble you could get into by going to a white person's house.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：老实说，我们只是害怕去白人家里可能会遇到麻烦。
You just...
你只是...
we just didn't do it.
我们只是没有这么做。
And I've heard stories, and you probably have too, that if you're around a white girl, you know, make sure you know your bearings, because if she cries anything untoward towards you, you're in trouble.
我听说过这样的故事，你可能也听说过，如果你周围有一个白人女孩，你知道，一定要了解自己的方位，因为如果她对你大喊大叫，你就有麻烦了。
She's right, you're wrong, you're in trouble.
她是对的，你错了，你有麻烦了。
A Black guy and a white girl, just didn't happen here.
一个黑人和一个白人女孩，只是没有发生在这里。
It was not gonna happen.
这不会发生。
We learned to talk to each other in our safe school environment, but we never really took it to the next level...
我们学会了在安全的学校环境中互相交谈，但我们从未真正将其提升到一个新的水平......
the next step, which was learning to deal with each other socially.
下一步是学习如何在社交中与他人打交道。
It was still, the creek and the railroad track, dividing us.
寂静无声，小溪和铁轨将我们分开。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, Vo: Those 12 years of school hadn't turned out exactly the way anyone predicted at the beginning, but the segregationists who said it would never work to put Black and white kids in the same school were proven wrong.
记者布莱克蒙（Vo）：这 12 年的学校生活并没有像人们一开始预测的那样完全一样，但那些认为将黑人和白人孩子放在同一所学校永远行不通的种族隔离主义者被证明是错误的。
The first harvest of all that effort, the Class of 1982, crossed the stage on commencement night and stepped out into the world black and white together.
所有这些努力的第一个收获是 1982 届毕业生，他们在毕业典礼之夜走上舞台，一起走进黑白的世界。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: That was a milestone.
Billy Barber，1983 届：那是一个里程碑。
Because we wanted equality.
因为我们想要平等。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: Brown was supposed to get rid of the separate in separate but equal.
帕姆·佩珀 (Pam Pepper)，1982 届：布朗应该以“分离但平等”的方式摆脱分离。
And to an extent it did.
在某种程度上确实如此。
We went to school together.
我们一起去学校。
For a long time, a lot of us went to school together.
很长一段时间，我们很多人一起上学。
Some of us really liked it.
我们中的一些人真的很喜欢它。
I hope a lot of us really liked it.
我希望我们很多人真的喜欢它。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: 1982, integration was a reality.
Jessie King，1982 届：1982 年，融合成为现实。
And then here come the children of integration who had to be taught about racial biases, had to be told about.
然后，融合的孩子们来到了这里，他们必须被教导有关种族偏见的知识，必须被告知。
We didn't know it.
我们不知道。
And thank God nobody really just drove it in.
感谢上帝，没有人真的直接把它开进去。
And you had a few, but you had more who were saying, "In Leland, it's time.
有一些人，但更多人说：“在利兰，是时候了。
It's time." And it really was time.
时间到了。”确实是时候了。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO : As it turned out, I didn't get to be one of those graduates.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：事实证明，我没有成为那些毕业生中的一员。
My dad got a new job in another town, and my family moved there while I was still in high school.
我父亲在另一个城镇找到了一份新工作，当我还在读高中时，我的家人就搬到了那里。
I went to college, became a journalist, even won a Pulitzer Prize.
我上了大学，成为了一名记者，甚至获得了普利策奖。
And for a long lost touch with most of my childhood friends.
以及与我大部分儿时朋友长期失去联系的情况。
I imagined that progress in Leland would just keep going.
我想象利兰的进步会继续下去。
It seemed like we in the town had done the hardest work.
看起来我们在镇上做了最辛苦的工作。
Three decades later, I decided to go back and watch another Leland High School graduation.
三十年后，我决定回去观看另一场利兰高中的毕业典礼。
The stage, the auditorium, and the excitement of the graduates all seemed the same as back in 1982.
舞台、礼堂、毕业生们的兴奋，一切都与1982年一模一样。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: But the classes looked very different than the one I'd been part of.
Blackmon，记者，画外音：但是这些课程看起来与我参加的课程非常不同。
And almost all the white kids were gone.
几乎所有的白人孩子都走了。
2014 Leland High Graduation MC: You may now turn your tassels.
2014 年 Leland 高中毕业 主持人：现在你可以转动你的流苏了。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: It was almost as if everything from those remarkable years together earlier had never happened.
记者布莱克蒙（画外音）：就好像之前那些非凡的岁月里的一切都从未发生过。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: Back when Doug and I were in school, we had a good mix.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：当我和 Doug 上学时，我们的配合很好。
Now it's 90% Blacks.
现在90%是黑人。
You know, maybe a little higher.
你知道，也许会高一点。
There have been changes.
已经发生了变化。
A lot of people have, sent their, you know, kids to private schools.
很多人把他们的孩子送到私立学校。
Evelyn Gordon Murray, Class Of 1982: You don't have that many whites in Leland Public School District.
Evelyn Gordon Murray，1982 届学生：利兰公立学区没有那么多白人。
A lot of the whites have moved out.
很多白人已经搬走了。
If they come to the Leland Public School, they take their kids in the elementary part, and once they get past elementary, by the time they make it to junior high, they're gone to the private school.
如果他们来到利兰公立学校，他们会把孩子带到小学，一旦他们过了小学，到了初中，他们就去私立学校。
Betty Coleman, Teacher: Some of the families are not pleased with what public schools are doing.
Betty Coleman，教师：一些家庭对公立学校的做法并不满意。
Blacks and whites who want their children to be educated will seek other means.
希望孩子接受教育的黑人和白人会寻求其他途径。
That's why you have Black academies.
这就是为什么有黑人学院。
That's why you have Black students that are now going to what was previously all white academies.
这就是为什么黑人学生现在要去以前都是白人的学院。
Even Blacks churches.
甚至黑人教堂。
Unity Church has its own school because of faith based money that's out there.
团结教会拥有自己的学校，因为那里有基于信仰的金钱。
And it's a sad statement.
这是一个悲伤的声明。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In the decade after my class graduated, Leland's public schools performed well academically, a steady trickle of white students returned.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：在我的班级毕业后的十年里，利兰的公立学校在学业上表现良好，一批白人学生源源不断地回归。
And Leland Academy, the white private school, closed its doors.
白人私立学校利兰学院也关门了。
But that was an illusion.
但那是一种幻觉。
Most white families were gone forever.
大多数白人家庭永远消失了。
They still lived in Leland, but the hundreds of white students who left during integration and the brothers and sisters who came after almost all were sent to other private schools in nearby towns.
他们仍然住在利兰，但在融入过程中离开的数百名白人学生以及几乎所有后来而来的兄弟姐妹都被送往附近城镇的其他私立学校。
Those schools eventually began accepting a few students who were not white.
这些学校最终开始接受一些非白人学生。
But the schools set up to preserve a segregated Mississippi had accomplished that mission.
但为维护种族隔离的密西西比州而设立的学校已经完成了这一使命。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: Integration didn't stick the way we thought it was going to stick.
Van Poindexter，1982 届：整合并没有像我们想象的那样坚持下去。
We're segregated again.
我们又被隔离了
The thing that we have been fighting for years and years, we're there again.
我们多年来一直在奋斗的事情，我们又来了。
Now it's back to almost the way it was.
现在几乎又恢复到原来的样子了。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: The failure to genuinely integrate public schools affected more than just what happened in kids classrooms.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：公立学校未能真正整合，影响的不仅仅是孩子们教室里发生的事情。
The dream had been to build a community of different kinds of people who could trust each other enough to work through the troubles that eventually hit every town.
我们的梦想是建立一个由不同类型的人组成的社区，他们可以相互信任，共同解决最终袭击每个城镇的麻烦。
But that never really happened.
但这从未真正发生过。
And places like Leland had a lot of trouble to work through in the 1990s.
像 Leland 这样的地方在 20 世纪 90 年代遇到了很多麻烦。
Technology eliminated massive numbers of farm jobs, dramatic cuts to public education, the war on drugs.
技术消除了大量农业工作，公共教育大幅削减，禁毒战争。
One store after another closing down in the center of town.
市中心一家又一家商店倒闭。
It all took a terrible toll.
这一切都造成了可怕的损失。
Then in 1996, Leland was tested when a black TV repairman named Aaron White crashed his truck on Deer Creek Drive and tried to flee the scene.
1996 年，一名名叫亚伦·怀特 (Aaron White) 的黑人电视修理工在鹿溪大道 (Deer Creek Drive) 驾驶卡车相撞，并试图逃离现场，利兰受到了考验。
He exchanged gunfire with a white policeman named, Jackie Blaylock, a former Leland High School quarterback.
他与一名名叫杰基·布莱洛克（Jackie Blaylock）的白人警察发生了枪战，他是前利兰高中四分卫。
White died from a gunshot wound to the head.
怀特因头部枪伤身亡。
Black residents erupted in days of angry protests.
黑人居民连续几天爆发了愤怒的抗议活动。
Hundreds of state troopers were called in to enforce a nightly curfew.
数百名州警被召集来执行夜间宵禁。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985 (Archival): We stood for something we believe in...
塞德里克·布什 (Cedric Bush)，1985 届毕业生（档案）：我们代表着我们所信仰的东西......
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Cedric Bush one of my former schoolmates was one of the leaders of those protests.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：塞德里克·布什是我以前的一位同学，也是这些抗议活动的领导人之一。
He was arrested for refusing to comply with the curfew.
他因拒绝遵守宵禁而被捕。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985: There were a lot of questions behind the death of the young man, and the community thought we should have some more answers, or someone in leadership should come forth and tell us something.
塞德里克·布什 (Cedric Bush)，1985 届：这个年轻人的死亡背后有很多问题，社区认为我们应该有更多答案，或者领导层应该站出来告诉我们一些事情。
Tried to keep it hush hush.
试图保持安静。
Lot of people were upset behind how that particular thing went down, and the only thing they were asking for, what was...was the investigation ongoing.
很多人对这件事的发生感到不安，他们唯一要求的就是……调查正在进行中。
Just tell us something.
请告诉我们一些事情。
Vernice Sanders, Parent And Activist: You know we just thought that this this man had been killed in cold blood.
维尼斯·桑德斯（Vernice Sanders），家长兼活动家：你知道我们只是认为这个人是被冷血杀害的。
Leland has not been the same since.
从那以后，利兰就不一样了。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: In the end, an FBI investigation concluded that the bullet that killed Aaron White came from his own gun.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：最终，联邦调查局的调查得出结论，杀死亚伦·怀特的子弹来自他自己的枪。
Publicly, they said it was a tragic accident, but the possibility that a black man in Mississippi would kill himself rather than face a white policeman still haunts me.
他们公开表示这是一场悲惨的事故，但密西西比州的一名黑人宁愿自杀也不愿面对白人警察的可能性仍然困扰着我。
Leland was supposed to have been a town that had exorcised its racial demons.
利兰本应是一个驱除种族恶魔的小镇。
Or at least a lot of them.
或者至少是很多。
I began to wonder if failed school integration was as much a cornerstone of my hometown as segregation had been 50 years before.
我开始怀疑失败的学校融合是否像 50 年前的种族隔离一样成为我家乡的基石。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: For us to still be fractured along racial lines, is heartbreaking.
Van Poindexter，1982 届毕业生：对于我们来说，我们仍然因种族问题而分裂，这是令人心碎的。
Brabdon Taylor, Class Of 1982: A lot of very important people put their lives on the line to make sure that we would have and would see better days.
Brabdon Taylor，1982 届：许多非常重要的人冒着生命危险，以确保我们拥有并且会看到更好的日子。
And I don't think people think about that part of our history now.
我认为人们现在不会思考我们历史的那一部分。
You know?
你知道？
That's something that should be near and dear to everybody's heart, you know, regardless of what color you are.
你知道，无论你是什么肤色，这都应该是每个人内心深处最珍视的东西。
I mean, because, that was a struggle, and it's a struggle now.
我的意思是，因为那是一场斗争，现在也是一场斗争。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: I don't know why resegregation is happening, but I can anticipate, or I can imagine, that part of it might be, that there are experiences that Black people have had that they feel like they can't really talk to white people about because there won't be any comprehension of a similar experience.
帕姆·佩珀（Pam Pepper），1982 届：我不知道为什么会发生重新种族隔离，但我可以预见，或者我可以想象，其中的一部分可能是，黑人有过一些经历，但他们觉得自己无法真正与白人谈论，因为他们不会理解类似的经历。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: I think it's difficult for people to remember, because then they have to talk about it.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：我认为人们很难记住，因为这样他们就必须谈论它。
You know?
你知道？
And that's a difficult conversation that...
这是一次艰难的谈话……
to have with each other and to have with a Black person.
彼此之间以及与黑人之间。
But..
但是..
and then perhaps..
然后也许..
as children they were shielded from some of that.
当他们还是孩子的时候，他们就受到了一些保护。
I..
我..
I have no idea.
我不知道。
But..
但是..
But, I have talked with classmates who say...
但是我跟同学聊过，他们说...
my classmates will say, "Oh!
我的同学会说：“哦！
I'm so sorry that happened to you.
我很抱歉发生在你身上的事。
I didn't know that was going on.
我不知道发生了什么事。
So you didn't know why I was sitting up in the balcony?
所以你不知道我为什么坐在阳台上？
You know?
你知道吗？
You didn't know why we had to go through the side door, and we had...
你不知道为什么我们必须从侧门走，而我们...
you didn't know any of that?
这些你都不知道吗？
Surely...
当然...
you just..."
你刚刚……”
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: We work hard to forget things.
记者布莱克蒙：我们努力忘记事情。
We..
我们..
it is a human instinct.
这是人类的本能。
And there are things that we don't want to remember that we end up not remembering.
有些事情我们不想记住，但最终却忘记了。
Or at least are able to pretend we don't remember for a really long time.
或者至少能够假装我们已经很长时间不记得了。
And as hard as we work to forget, we have to work just as hard to remember.
正如我们努力忘记一样，我们也必须同样努力记住。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: It's a difficult conversation.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：这是一次艰难的谈话。
But until we start having that...
但直到我们开始这样做......
those difficult conversations, we're always going to be, you know, divided in some way.
那些困难的对话，你知道，我们总是会以某种方式分裂。
Because it has to be reconciled.
因为必须要调和。
My truth has to be reconciled with your truth.
我的真相必须与你的真相相一致。
Bryan Blackmon, Class Of 1979: It's hard to believe that things wouldn't be better if there were certainly people with a more openness to accept people for who they are.
布莱恩·布莱克蒙 (Bryan Blackmon)，1979 届：很难相信，如果确实有人以更开放的态度接受人们本来的样子，事情会不会更好。
And I do think that much of that in me came from the time I was in public schools.
我确实认为我身上的这些大部分来自于我在公立学校的时光。
Lincoln Coggins, Class Of 1982: Maybe I didn't see that bigger picture that I see now.
Lincoln Coggins，1982 届：也许我没有看到现在所看到的更大的图景。
Maybe I didn't see that.
也许我没有看到这一点。
But I do think that I saw a glimpse of it.
但我确实认为我看到了它的一瞥。
And so what if some of us...
那么如果我们中的一些人...
more of us had stayed around.
我们中更多的人留下来了。
Would it be the same?
会一样吗？
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: Was it a reasonable expectation to believe putting innocent little kids of one race and innocent little kids of another in school together, and everything would be fine?
Pam Pepper，1982 届：相信将一个种族的无辜小孩子和另一个种族的无辜小孩子放在一起上学，一切都会好起来，这是合理的期望吗？
The everything would be fine part I think is unreasonable.
一切都会好的部分我认为是不合理的。
But I still think...
但我仍然认为...
I still believe...
我依然相信...
that...
那...
it's really hard to hate somebody who you know.
恨一个你认识的人真的很难。
It's really hard to hate somebody who is smarter than you in math and they're willing to sit with you for fifteen minutes and help you with it.
真的很难讨厌那些在数学上比你聪明的人，他们愿意和你坐在一起十五分钟并帮助你。
So...
所以...
was it perfect?
完美吗？
Did it solve the world's problems?
它解决了世界问题吗？
Was it reasonable to expect that that was the only piece?
预期这是唯一的作品是否合理？
No. But was there some...some kernel of reason to the thought of, look if you could just sit down next to each other and see.
不。但是有没有一些……一些核心的理由来思考，看看你们是否可以坐在彼此旁边看看。
I think that was reasonable.
我认为这是合理的。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: Integration in its purest form, it dispels stereotype and it helps with prejudice.
唐纳德·理查森 (Donald Richardson)，1982 届：最纯粹的融合形式可以消除刻板印象，有助于消除偏见。
We are all prejudiced.
我们都有偏见。
We just have to figure out a way to move forward together.
我们只需要找到一种共同前进的方法。
And to make sure that everyone has a piece of the pie.
并确保每个人都能分得一杯羹。
And a level playing field to set our tables on, to eat our pie.
以及一个公平的竞争环境来摆设我们的桌子，吃我们的馅饼。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: After I started returning to Leland, I discovered that many of my former classmates started coming home to Leland.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：在我开始返回利兰后，我发现我以前的许多同学开始回到利兰的家。
Billy Barber came back to Leland to be chief of police.
比利·巴伯回到利兰担任警察局长。
Roy Meeks: Doug said he went to school with everybody.
罗伊·米克斯：道格说他和大家一起上学。
Jessie King, you...
杰西·金，你...
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: That's right we all went to school together.
Billy Barber，1983 届：是的，我们都一起上学。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: After college, I left Leland.
Billy Barber，1983 届：大学毕业后，我离开了 Leland。
I really felt like I was going to do ten years, in law enforcement, and get out.
我真的觉得我要在执法部门工作十年，然后离开。
But it kept tugging at me that Leland needed some leadership in law enforcement.
但利兰需要在执法方面发挥一些领导作用，这一点一直困扰着我。
Not to say that I was -- that I am the best.
并不是说我是——我是最好的。
But I know the Lord telling me to go back home, to help home out.
但我知道主告诉我要回家，帮助我摆脱困境。
Brandon and Cedric and Evelyn Gordon told me, said come on back, come home.
布兰登、塞德里克和伊芙琳·戈登告诉我，说回来吧，回家吧。
I'm still here.
我还在这里。
And I just think this is where the Lord wanted me to be.
我只是认为这就是主想要我去的地方。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: And I found out that on his weekends, Billy Barber has another calling.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：我发现比利·巴伯在周末还有另一个任务。
Billy Barber, Class Of 1983: Being a police chief is actually not much different from being a pastor.
比利·巴伯 (Billy Barber)，1983 届： 警察局长实际上与牧师没有太大区别。
You have the same love.
你们也有同样的爱。
And my love is for the citizens to keep them safe, and as a pastor, always just having the love of god, and to love people, and to treat people right and treat people with respect and to try to make the community better.
我的爱是为了公民，保证他们的安全，作为一名牧师，永远要有神的爱，爱人，正确对待人，尊重人，努力让社区变得更好。
Cedric Bush, Class of 1985 (At Game): This is where it counts to play 4 quarters of football, and I guarantee we'll do what we need to do to play next week!
塞德里克·布什 (Cedric Bush)，1985 届（比赛中）：这是踢 4 节足球的关键所在，我保证我们会做下周比赛所需做的事情！
Play your hearts out!
发挥你的心！
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Cedric Bush had been a football superstar in high school, the kind of young athlete who actually had a shot at playing professional football.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：塞德里克·布什在高中时曾是一名橄榄球巨星，是那种真正有机会踢职业橄榄球的年轻运动员。
Cedric Bush, Class Of 1985: You know, I thought about a conversation with one of my professors.
塞德里克·布什 (Cedric Bush)，1985 届：你知道，我想到了与我的一位教授的一次谈话。
And...
还有...
and he had asked the question...
他问了这个问题...
He said, "What do you plan to do once your done with college?" And I said, "Oh man I'm going to the pros, I'm gonna do this I'm gonna do that, and buy my dad a truck, buy my momma house..." He said, "Yeah, but what if that doesn't work out." I said, "What do you mean if it doesn't work out?
他说：“大学毕业后你打算做什么？”我说，“哦，伙计，我要成为职业选手，我要做这个，做那个，给我爸爸买一辆卡车，给我妈妈买房子……”他说，“是的，但如果这行不通怎么办。”我说：“如果没有成功的话，那是什么意思呢？
You know I'm good, I'm gonna make it." He said, "Listen, your parents sent you to school to get an education.
你知道我很好，我会成功的。”他说：“听着，你的父母送你去学校接受教育。
When you get the education, you're supposed to get the knowledge and take it back home to help build your community." Now I never heard that before in my life.
当你接受教育时，你应该获得知识并将其带回家帮助建设你的社区。”我一生中从未听说过这个。
He gave me the greatest tool that I could ever hear as a young man.
他给了我作为一个年轻人所能听到的最伟大的工具。
I end up coming home.
我最终还是回家了。
I went to the school system to coach and teach.
我去学校系统担任教练和教学。
CEDRIC BUSH, CLASS OF 1985: And then I began my political career.
塞德里克·布什，1985 届：然后我开始了我的政治生涯。
And ran for the city council.
并竞选市议会议员。
I served one term.
我任职一届。
Now, serving as a justice court judge, you do more help to people than harm to people.
现在，作为一名法院法官，你对人们的帮助多于对人们的伤害。
Some people just need a second chance.
有些人只是需要第二次机会。
And that's who I am and that's the role I play in coming back home to help my community.
这就是我，这就是我回家帮助我的社区所扮演的角色。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Cedric and his wife also went into business taking over the old Leland Cafe.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：塞德里克和他的妻子也接管了老利兰咖啡馆，开始做生意。
They now run the restaurant that wouldn't have let their parents enter through the front door.
他们现在经营着一家不让父母从前门进入的餐厅。
They also started a funeral home at the center of Leland's downtown.
他们还在利兰市中心开设了一家殡仪馆。
And in the same building were the segregated Rex Theater had once operated.
同一栋大楼里还有曾经运营过的隔离雷克斯剧院。
Cedric Bush, Class Of Class Of 1985 (At Funeral Home): To be proud owners of this particular building, knowing the history behind it, you can't beat it...
塞德里克·布什 (Cedric Bush)，1985 届毕业生（在殡仪馆）：作为这座特殊建筑的自豪拥有者，了解其背后的历史，你无法击败它......
you can't beat it.
你无法击败它。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: Brandon Taylor and Evelyn Gordon Murry were elected to the school board.
布莱克蒙，记者，旁白：布兰登·泰勒和伊芙琳·戈登·穆里当选为学校董事会成员。
She has served more than ten years.
她已经服役十多年了。
Brandon is the president of the board.
布兰登是董事会主席。
Brandon Taylor, Class Of 1982: I played basketball in Baylor and then I went across seas to Germany.
Brandon Taylor，1982 届：我在贝勒打篮球，然后漂洋过海来到德国。
I could've stayed across seas and played in other countries, but I love, you know, small town feel, small town atmosphere.
我本可以漂洋过海去其他国家打球，但我喜欢，你知道，小镇的感觉，小镇的氛围。
There's nothing like being at home.
没有什么比在家更舒服的了。
What made me decide to run for the school board?
是什么让我决定竞选学校董事会成员？
My love for the kids.
我对孩子们的爱。
I want to make sure the children have someone fighting for them every day.
我想确保孩子们每天都有人为他们奋斗。
Evelyn Gordon - Murray, School Board Member: I would like to see our school back like it used to be.
Evelyn Gordon - Murray，学校董事会成员：我希望看到我们的学校恢复到原来的样子。
If we had more whites in our school, you would have the backing of the community.
如果我们学校有更多的白人，你就会得到社区的支持。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: A few years later, after an unexpected drop in the performance of Leland schools and a succession of superintendents who struggled to turn the system around...
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：几年后，在利兰学校的表现意外下降以及一系列校长努力扭转该系统之后......
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (at meeting): And all great ideas we welcome...
Jessie King，1982 届（在会议上）：我们欢迎所有伟大的想法......
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: The board hired another of our classmates, Jesse King, to be school superintendent.
布莱克蒙，记者，旁白：董事会聘请了我们的另一位同学杰西·金 (Jesse King) 担任学校校长。
In the years since then, student scores in Leland have improved dramatically.
从那时起，利兰的学生成绩有了显着提高。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (Interview): When I was a teacher, a former superintendent said, "Jessie what do you want to do, in life?
杰西·金 (Jessie King)，1982 届（采访）：当我还是一名教师时，一位前任校长说：“杰西，你一生想做什么？
What would be your dream job?" I said to the superintendent, "To have your job." And, the Superintendent smiled and he said, "You can have it someday." And someday came.
你梦想的工作是什么？”我对主管说：“为了保住你的工作。”院长微笑着说：“总有一天你可以得到它。”有一天到来了。
I've been the superintendent of the Leland School District since February of 2016.
我自 2016 年 2 月起担任利兰学区的学监。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (At Leland Elementary): Good morning.
Jessie King，1982 届（利兰小学）：早上好。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: I just wanted to stop in and see how learning is progressing.
Jessie King，1982 届：我只是想停下来看看学习进展如何。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: That first year, I walked into some situations that, I just did not know existed in the school district.
Jessie King，1982 届：第一年，我遇到了一些我不知道学区存在的情况。
The technology was not here.
技术不在这里。
The libraries did not have current books.
图书馆没有现有书籍。
And so we had a lot of challenges.
所以我们遇到了很多挑战。
And our kids deserve better, our kids should have better, and our community, I hope, will help us to make it better.
我们的孩子应该得到更好的生活，我们的孩子应该拥有更好的生活，我希望我们的社区能够帮助我们让它变得更好。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (in hallway): Hello, how are you?
Jessie King，1982 届（在走廊）： 你好，你好吗？
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: For reasons I've never entirely understood, giving that little speech about Strike City to the Lions Club long ago seemed to connect me to that place forever.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：由于我从未完全理解的原因，很久以前向狮子俱乐部发表关于斯特里克城的简短演讲似乎将我与那个地方永远联系在一起。
I remained fascinated with the people there even decades after I no longer lived in Mississippi.
即使我不再住在密西西比州几十年后，我仍然对那里的人们着迷。
I visited more than once over the years.
这些年来我不止一次访问过。
And in the 1990s, I took a cameraman along and did one of the last interviews with John Henry Sylvester, the leader of the walkout, a few years before he passed away.
20 世纪 90 年代，我带着一名摄影师对罢工领袖约翰·亨利·西尔维斯特 (John Henry Sylvester) 进行了最后一次采访，那是在他去世前几年。
John Henry Sylvester, Strike City Leader: And then we went on strike with him that day, he put us all off the place....
约翰·亨利·西尔维斯特，罢工城市领袖：然后那天我们和他一起罢工，他让我们所有人都离开了......
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: I was struck by their determination and bravery, basically still on strike 30 years after the day they walked off that farm.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：他们的决心和勇气令我震惊，在他们离开农场的 30 年后，他们基本上仍在罢工。
But Strike City was also crumbling by then.
但此时斯特莱克城也已经摇摇欲坠。
Some of the houses had burned or been abandoned.
一些房屋已被烧毁或被遗弃。
The painted sign with Black and white hands clasped in unity, had fallen long ago.
黑白双手合十的彩绘牌子，早已倒下。
The original plans to make bricks--to create an economy separate from white control--were all abandoned.
最初的制砖计划——创建一个独立于白人控制的经济——全部被放弃了。
I wasn't sure what to make of it all.
我不知道该怎么办。
Minnie Bell (archival): No matter how long it takes...
米妮·贝尔（档案）：无论需要多长时间......
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: That's your voice isn't it?
记者布莱克蒙：那是你的声音，不是吗？
Minnie Bell: Yeah that's it...
米妮·贝尔：是的，就是这样……
Say he may not come when you want him but he's right on time...You can't hurry God...
假设你想要他的时候他可能不会来，但他准时出现……你不能催促上帝……
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist, VO: I also realized among the many things I never knew about my Black classmates when we were kids, was that Jesse King and Billy Barber both had deep connections to Strike City.
布莱克蒙，记者，画外音：我还意识到，当我们还是孩子的时候，我对黑人同学的许多事情一无所知，那就是杰西·金和比利·巴伯都与斯特莱克城有着深厚的联系。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (in Car To Strike City): This is the place that I went to Headstart, which was very popular for low income children going into public schools.
Jessie King，1982 届（《Car To Strike City》）：这是我去 Headstart 的地方，对于进入公立学校的低收入儿童来说非常受欢迎。
This is Strike City here.
这里是攻击城。
It used to be very vibrant.
曾经是非常有活力的。
A lot of the buildings are gone now, but a few are still standing.
现在很多建筑物都已不复存在，但仍有一些建筑物矗立着。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982 (At Strike City): It was a classroom space, it was a dining hall, lunchroom...
Jessie King，1982 届（Strike City）：这是一个教室空间，它是一个餐厅，午餐室......
It was a huge playground here for us where we did not have the luxry on the plantations.
这里对我们来说是一个巨大的游乐场，但我们没有种植园那样的奢华。
I remember very vividly, you would only have standing room.
我记得很清楚，你只能站着。
Kids were everywhere.
孩子们到处都是。
Teachers were everywhere.
老师无处不在。
Once you became a teacher at Headstart, it was like you had really struck oil.
一旦你成为 Headstart 的一名教师，就好像你真的发现了石油一样。
I think about the people who actually came from the plantations.
我想到了那些真正来自种植园的人。
Sharecropping no longer existed.
佃农不再存在。
So we had the gardens up there with greens and vegetables and crops.
所以我们在那里建了花园，种满了蔬菜和农作物。
If you pitched in, you'd get an opportunity to get some of the vegetables.
如果您参与其中，您将有机会获得一些蔬菜。
Even when you didn't pitch in, the kindness of the spirit would be, pitch in next time.
即使你没有参与，精神的仁慈也会下次参与。
Strike City symbolized a step up for African-Americans.
罢工城市象征着非裔美国人的进步。
And it gave motivation and encouragement, that this may be the first step, but it was a huge step in the right direction.
它给予了动力和鼓励，这可能是第一步，但这是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步。
Jessie & Doug Walking through Strike City
杰西和道格穿过斯特莱克城
Doug Blackmon, Journalist (Walking At Strike City): You know, I have I have...
道格·布莱克蒙（Doug Blackmon），记者（走在斯特莱克城）：你知道，我有……
I'm not exaggerating this...
我并没有夸大这一点...
In just the last few minutes of listening to you, I've had a little epiphany.
在听你讲话的最后几分钟里，我有了一点顿悟。
Jessie King, Class of 1982 (Walking At Strike City): Mm hmm.
Jessie King，1982 届毕业生（行走在 Strike City）：嗯嗯。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: You could look at Strike City and say, well, you know, it was a good thing to go on strike, and they were right, but it didn't work.
布莱克蒙，记者：你可以看看罢工城并说，好吧，你知道，罢工是一件好事，他们是对的，但它没有奏效。
You know, you can say that.
你知道，你可以这么说。
But the truth is it did work.
但事实是它确实有效。
And the story you're telling is because it just worked in this different way, the store and the and the women who had been working in houses becoming teachers and, you know, all the things that you're talking about.You're going to get you be emotional.
你讲的故事是因为它以不同的方式运作，商店和那些在房子里工作的妇女变成了老师，你知道，你正在谈论的所有事情。你会让你变得情绪化。
I have I've always known in my heart that this was a story of a great success, but I couldn't quite put it together until I was listening to you just now.
我心里一直知道这是一个非常成功的故事，但直到刚才听了你的演讲我才把它拼凑起来。
Jessie King, Class Of 1982: Yeah, it really is.
Jessie King，1982 届：是的，确实如此。
If this had not existed, living where we lived, we only saw what we saw.
如果这不存在，生活在我们居住的地方，我们就只能看到我们所看到的。
And just getting out of that gave us another target to improve, to advance, and to move forward.
摆脱这个困境给了我们另一个改进、进步和前进的目标。
I think about my mom, who made the bold assertion, enough is enough and we're leaving.
我想起我的妈妈，她做出了大胆的断言：“够了，我们要走了。”
We're leaving.
我们要走了。
If she never decided to do that, we would not have had choice.
如果她从未决定这样做，我们就没有选择。
I never would have made it to superintendent.
我永远不可能成为总监。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: Yeah no!
记者布莱克蒙：是的，不！
You would not be here.
你不会在这里。
You would not...
你不会...
You would not be doing the good things you're doing now, which are a version of the same thing.
你不会做你现在正在做的好事，它们是同一件事的一个版本。
Of looking out for each other.
互相照顾。
J essie King, Class Of 1982: It planted the seed.
Jessie King，1982 届：它播下了种子。
Not just in education, but law enforcement with Billy Barber and all of those who may have come this way.
不仅是在教育领域，还有比利·巴伯（Billy Barber）和所有可能走过这条路的人的执法领域。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: That's exactly right.
记者布莱克蒙：完全正确。
Van Poindexter, Class Of 1982: I spent all total 20 years and 10 months in the air force.
Van Poindexter，1982 届毕业生：我在空军度过了总共 20 年零 10 个月的时光。
I retired in 2007 as a lieutenant colonel.
2007年，我以中校身份退役。
Now I'm a professor at Defense Acquisition University.
现在我是国防采办大学的教授。
Pam Pepper, Class Of 1982: I am a United States District Court judge for the Eastern District of Wisconsin which is in Milwaukee.
Pam Pepper，1982 届：我是位于密尔沃基的威斯康星州东区的美国地方法院法官。
Donald Richardson, Class Of 1982: I live in Little Rock Arkansas, I'm an assistant principal, at the famous and historic Little Rock Central High School.
Donald Richardson，1982 届：我住在阿肯色州小石城，是著名且历史悠久的小石城中央高中的副校长。
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: I am the president of Lincoln University in Jefferson City, MO.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届毕业生：我是密苏里州杰斐逊市林肯大学的校长。
Douglas A.
道格拉斯·A.
Blackmon, Journalist: Doesn't that sound cool to say?
记者布莱克蒙：这听起来不是很酷吗？
Jerald Jones Woolfolk, Class Of 1977: Yeah that sounds pretty cool.
Jerald Jones Woolfolk，1977 届：是的，听起来很酷。
Not bad for a little girl from Leland...
对于一个来自利兰的小女孩来说，这还不错……
Though slavery was abolished in 1865, sharecropping would keep most Black Southerners impoverished and immobile for decades to come.
尽管奴隶制于 1865 年被废除，但佃农制将使大多数南方黑人在未来几十年内陷入贫困和无法流动。
Watch a preview of The Harvest: Integrating Mississippi's Schools.
观看《收获：整合密西西比州学校》的预览。
Twenty years after the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v.
具有里程碑意义的最高法院案件“布朗诉”案二十年后
Board of Education, most schools across the country hadn’t integrated.
教育委员会称，全国大多数学校尚未整合。
Then the courts stepped in, again.
然后法院再次介入。
The story of a Mississippi town’s effort to integrate its public schools in 1970.
1970 年密西西比州小镇努力整合公立学校的故事。
Strike City was born after one small community left the plantation to live on their own terms.
在一个小社区离开种植园按照自己的方式生活后，斯特莱克城诞生了。
Photos capture the experience of Leland, Mississippi’s first integrated high school class
照片捕捉了密西西比州第一个综合高中班级利兰的经历
Learn why it took decades to integrate public schools even after the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v.
了解为什么即使在最高法院 1954 年布朗诉纽约州案之后，公立学校仍需要数十年的时间才得以整合。
Board of Education decision and how local communities and school boards delayed and obstructed compliance with court integration orders.
教育委员会的决定以及当地社区和学校董事会如何延迟和阻碍遵守法院融合令。
Find Classroom Resource at PBS LearningMedia
在 PBS LearningMedia 查找课堂资源
National director of Education Innovation and Research for the NAACP Dr. Ivory Toldson and executive director of the Education and Civil Rights Initiative Dr. Adrienne Dixson speak with professor of education leadership at Teachers College, Columbia University, Sonya Douglass about the state of educational equity in America nearly seventy years after Brown vs Board of Education .
全国有色人种协进会国家教育创新与研究主任 Ivory Toldson 博士和教育与民权倡议执行主任 Adrienne Dixson 博士与哥伦比亚大学师范学院教育领导学教授索尼娅·道格拉斯 (Sonya Douglass) 谈论了布朗诉教育委员会案近七十年后美国教育公平的状况。