Grand Central
Narrator: On the morning of January 8, 1902, the air around Grand Central Station was choked with smoke, cinders, and noxious fumes.
旁白：1902 年 1 月 8 日早上，中央车站周围的空气充满了烟雾、煤渣和有毒烟雾。
Hundreds of trains converged at the station -- a deluge of steel and steam far too great for the outdated train yard to handle.
数百列火车汇聚在车站——大量的钢铁和蒸汽对于过时的火车站来说已经无法承受。
For decades New Yorkers had complained about the horrid conditions at Grand Central.
几十年来，纽约人一直抱怨大中央车站的恶劣条件。
But a shocking tragedy that January day would change everything.
但一月那一天发生的令人震惊的悲剧改变了一切。
Steam locomotives would be banished from the city and the crowded train yard condemned.
蒸汽机车将被驱逐出城市，拥挤的火车站将受到谴责。
A new Grand Central would arise -- a miracle of design and engineering.
一个新的中央车站将会出现——这是一个设计和工程的奇迹。
Paul Goldberger: Grand Central is both grand and part of everyday life; incredibly practical, incredibly functional, and yet overpoweringly exciting at the same time.
Paul Goldberger：中央车站既宏伟又是日常生活的一部分；非常实用，非常实用，同时又非常令人兴奋。
Grand Central is so much more than just a train station.
中央车站不仅仅是一个火车站。
In many ways, it's the heart of New York.
从很多方面来说，它都是纽约的心脏。
Paul Goldberger: I got to know Grand Central really well when I was in college and would take the train down from New Haven all the time.
Paul Goldberger：我在大学时就非常了解中央车站，并且一直都会从纽黑文坐火车下来。
And you felt as if you were arriving in the place.
你感觉好像你已经到达了那个地方。
This was it.
就是这样。
If you had any doubt when you got off the train and walked into that incredible concourse, you knew it was the center of the world and you knew this was the place you wanted to go to.
当你下了火车，走进那个令人难以置信的大厅时，如果你有任何疑问，你就知道那是世界的中心，你知道这就是你想去的地方。
It encourages movement.
它鼓励运动。
And yet has a sort of stately dignity at the same time.
但同时又具有一种庄严的尊严。
It's sublime.
这是崇高的。
It reminds you of the greatness of human ambition.
它让你想起人类野心的伟大。
When we build so much beyond what we have to and we do it not to glorify a king, say, as in a palace something like that, but to glorify everybody.
当我们建造超出我们必须建造的东西时，我们这样做不是为了荣耀国王，比如说，像在宫殿里那样的东西，而是为了荣耀每个人。
This is a building of extraordinary glory but is public in the deepest sense of the word.
这是一座非凡荣耀的建筑，但从最深层的意义上来说，它是公共的。
And it belongs to everybody.
它属于每个人。
Narrator: In 1869, the railroad tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt bought a five-block parcel of land on Manhattan Island.
旁白：1869年，铁路大亨科尼利厄斯·范德比尔特在曼哈顿岛购买了一块五个街区的土地。
It was in the middle of nowhere -- a forty-five minute journey from the heart of the city -- bounded by slaughterhouses and breweries, and, on the far eastern edge, a squatters-slum known as Dutch Hill.
它位于一个偏僻的地方——距离市中心有四十五分钟的路程——周围是屠宰场和啤酒厂，在远东边缘，有一个被称为“荷兰山”的棚户区。
But it was on this 23-acre site, from 42nd Street to 47th Street, from Madison Avenue to, Fourth Avenue, that Vanderbilt decided to build a great rail station; a testament to the power and glory of his empire.
但范德比尔特决定在这片从 42 街到 47 街、从麦迪逊大道到第四大道的 23 英亩土地上建造一座大型火车站；他的帝国的力量和荣耀的证明。
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Stiles, Writer: There was a connection between Vanderbilt and his corporations that you don't see in other corporations -- this personalization of this great railroad empire.
作家斯泰尔斯：范德比尔特和他的公司之间存在着一种在其他公司中看不到的联系——这个伟大铁路帝国的个性化。
And you see that in Grand Central itself.
你在中央车站就能看到这一点。
Narrator: Vanderbilt who was known as "the Commodore" made his first fortune in steamboats.
旁白：被称为“准将”的范德比尔特靠汽船发家致富。
In the twilight of his life, he acquired three railroads: the Harlem, the Hudson, and the New York Central.
在他晚年，他获得了三条铁路：哈莱姆铁路、哈德逊铁路和纽约中央铁路。
Together these rail lines gave Vanderbilt an empire stretching deep into America's interior, and, even more importantly, a monopoly for all rail service into and out of New York City.
这些铁路线共同为范德比尔特建立了一个深入美国内陆的帝国，更重要的是，它垄断了进出纽约市的所有铁路服务。
The center of that monopoly would be an immense, domed depot called Grand Central.
该垄断的中心将是一个巨大的圆顶仓库，称为中央车站。
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Stiles: If you look at pictures of New York at this time, it's stunning how church steeples tower up over the top of the city.
Stiles：如果你看一下此时纽约的照片，你会发现教堂的尖塔高耸在城市的顶部，真是令人惊叹。
It's dense.
很浓密。
It's crowded with people and yet it is a low-rise city of small structures to the modern eye.
它挤满了人，但以现代人的眼光来看，它是一座低层城市，建筑规模较小。
And here's Grand Central, massively built.
这里是宏伟的中央车站。
It had these enormous domes and it was this huge expanse, stretching north from 42nd Street, crowned with this grand glass-and-steel train shed.
它有巨大的圆顶，面积广阔，从 42 街向北延伸，顶部是宏伟的玻璃钢火车棚。
And it really was a remarkable piece of infrastructure unlike any that existed in the world.
它确实是一个非凡的基础设施，不同于世界上任何现有的基础设施。
Narrator: In what would soon be the heart of the city, iron horses thundered down Park Avenue and came to rest inside a magnificent wrought iron and glass train shed.
旁白：在即将成为城市中心的地方，铁马轰鸣着驶过公园大道，停在一座宏伟的锻铁和玻璃火车棚内。
For a brief moment the Depot held the city in its thrall.
有一瞬间，车站控制了整座城市。
"New York opened its eyes and gasped," one critic wrote.
“纽约睁开了眼睛，喘息着，”一位评论家写道。
But as New York City rushed past 42nd Street, Grand Central's tangled maze of track, all running at street level, became an open wound for the city.
但当纽约市冲过 42 街时，中央车站错综复杂的轨道（全部都在街道上运行）成为了这座城市的一个开放性伤口。
In the words of The New York Times , Vanderbilt's Depot had become "a cruel disgrace to the metropolis and its inhabitants."
用《纽约时报》的话说，范德比尔特仓库已经成为“这座大都市及其居民的残酷耻辱”。
Kurt Schlichting, Historian: Train traffic to the city grows exponentially.
历史学家库尔特·施利希廷 (Kurt Schlichting)：前往城市的火车交通量呈指数级增长。
And more and more people are using the Depot.
并且越来越多的人正在使用 Depot。
There just aren't enough tracks in the train shed to ...
火车棚里没有足够的铁轨...
for passengers to depart.
供乘客出发。
And, it's really reaching the saturation point.
而且，它确实已经达到了饱和点。
It's clearly not working.
这显然不起作用。
Jill Jonnes, Writer: You now have hundreds of huge trains coming back and forth through the northern part of the island, and remember these are coal locomotives, spewing great amounts of smoke and cinders and noise.
吉尔·琼斯（Jill Jonnes），作家：现在有数百辆巨大的火车在该岛北部来回穿梭，请记住这些是煤炭机车，喷出大量的烟雾、煤渣和噪音。
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Stiles: You have trains coming and going at all hours.
Stiles：火车随时进进出出。
They are racing back and forth, up and down Fourth Avenue and there are accidents and there are fears of accidents and there are what we can only call urban myths about how many people are being killed on Fourth Avenue.
他们在第四大道上来回奔跑，发生事故，人们担心发生事故，关于第四大道上有多少人丧生，我们只能称之为都市神话。
The New York Times launches a campaign talking about the slaughters that are taking place as people are run down by Vanderbilt's ruthless railroads that are crushing the individual.
《纽约时报》发起了一场活动，谈论范德比尔特无情的铁路压垮人们时所发生的屠杀。
And you can see that the tensions of the age, the fear of the railroad as a corporation and as a force in society are being manifested in a very literal form of trains running down the helpless individual.
你可以看到，时代的紧张、对铁路作为一个公司和社会力量的恐惧，都以一种非常字面的形式表现出来：火车碾压无助的个人。
Narrator: Vanderbilt's reluctant response was to sink the railroad tracks just below street level.
旁白：范德比尔特不情愿的回应是将铁轨下沉到街道水平以下。
From 45th to 56th Street the New York Central built footbridges across the exposed tracks so that pedestrians could now cross the rail yard without risking life and limb.
从第 45 街到第 56 街，纽约中央车站在裸露的铁轨上修建了人行桥，以便行人现在可以在不冒生命危险的情况下穿过铁路站场。
North of 56th Street tracks were covered, creating the Park Avenue tunnel.
56 街以北的轨道被覆盖，形成了公园大道隧道。
Vents were placed periodically along the tunnel to allow steam that the locomotives still belched to vent on to Fourth Avenue.
沿着隧道定期设置通风口，以便机车仍然喷出的蒸汽能够排放到第四大道。
It was no solution.
这没有解决办法。
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Stiles: Someone said that it was like a volcano going off every two minutes as the trains come through.
Stiles：有人说，当火车经过时，就像一座火山每两分钟就会喷发一次。
And that is something that the technology simply doesn't allow them to fix.
而这是技术根本不允许他们解决的问题。
Susan Eddy, Writer: Once the trains were in what was essentially a tunnel, the steam that they generated was far too much to allow for visibility.
作家苏珊·艾迪：一旦火车进入本质上是隧道的地方，它们产生的蒸汽就太多了，以至于无法看到。
The tunnel is dark.
隧道里一片漆黑。
The tunnel is smoky.
隧道里烟雾缭绕。
Kurt Schlichting: It's filled with steam.
Kurt Schlichting：里面充满了蒸汽。
People like sardines in a can, there's no relief from the heat.
人们就像罐头里的沙丁鱼一样，无法解暑。
And we have to endure it because the railroad has this monopoly.
我们必须忍受它，因为铁路具有这种垄断地位。
Narrator: By the turn of the century Vanderbilt's descendants made up the richest family in America; the New York Central Railroad the wellspring of their great fortune.
旁白：到了世纪之交，范德比尔特的后裔组成了美国最富有的家族。纽约中央铁路是他们巨大财富的源泉。
That Grand Central Station, the centerpiece of that empire, was a death trap -- considered by many to be the worst train station anywhere in the world seemed to concern them not at all.
中央车站是那个帝国的中心，是一个死亡陷阱——被许多人认为是世界上最糟糕的火车站，但他们却对此毫不关心。
Prima Soemijantoro Wilson: The first time I saw Grand Central was when I was seventeen with my mother.
Prima Soemijantoro Wilson：我第一次看到中央车站是在我十七岁的时候，和我的母亲在一起。
And coming from and growing up in the plantation in East Java, it was just incredible.
来自东爪哇的种植园并在那里长大，这真是令人难以置信。
It was rush hour and people, streamings of people, were just coming out from various directions and we just got stuck in the middle of that.
当时正是高峰时间，人们从各个方向涌来，我们就被困在中间。
They were in suits, had briefcases and faces full of purpose.
他们穿着西装，提着公文包，脸上充满了使命感。
My mom was holding onto my hand and she leaned over and said to me, she whispered, "someday you will be one of these people, someday you will live here and you will be one of them."
我妈妈握着我的手，她靠过来对我说，她低声说：“有一天你会成为这些人中的一员，有一天你会住在这里，你会成为他们中的一员。”
Every morning I pass by that corner and I feel I can be anybody I want.
每天早上我经过那个角落时，我觉得我可以成为任何我想成为的人。
Narrator: A light snow was predicted for New York City on the morning of January 8, 1902.
旁白：1902 年 1 月 8 日早上，预计纽约市将有小雪。
It was cold and the skies clear at 7:48 when train 223, bound for Grand Central Station, arrived at the platform in New Rochelle, New York.
7点48分，天气寒冷，天空晴朗，开往中央车站的223次列车抵达纽约新罗谢尔站台。
The dozens of commuters that morning easily found a seat, as the railroad always reserved the last two cars for New Rochelle residents.
那天早上，数十名通勤者很容易就找到了座位，因为铁路总是为新罗谢尔居民保留最后两节车厢。
At Grand Central trains from Bedford, Scarsdale, Yonkers sat idle, belching steam, waiting to enter the once-great train shed.
在从贝德福德、斯卡斯代尔出发的中央车站列车上，扬克斯闲置着，喷着蒸汽，等待进入曾经伟大的火车棚。
As locomotives backed up, the passengers from New Rochelle found themselves stuck deep inside the Park Avenue Tunnel.
当机车倒车时，来自新罗谢尔的乘客发现自己被困在公园大道隧道深处。
Susan Eddy: It's rush hour.
苏珊·艾迪：现在是高峰时间。
The trains are packed like cattle.
火车上挤得像牛一样。
And because there aren't enough tracks to handle the number of trains, the number of suburban commuters that are now entering the city in the morning, there are regularly backups in the tunnel.
由于没有足够的轨道来容纳现在早上进入城市的火车数量和郊区通勤者的数量，因此隧道中定期有备份。
Narrator: A few blocks north an express train from White Plains thundered towards Grand Central.
旁白：在以北几个街区的地方，一列特快列车从怀特普莱恩斯出发，轰鸣着驶向中央车站。
At its helm was John Wiskar, a newly promoted engineer who would later be described in the New York papers as ambitious and impatient.
该公司的掌舵人是约翰·威斯卡 (John Wiskar)，他是一位新晋升的工程师，后来被《纽约报纸》描述为雄心勃勃且缺乏耐心。
At 63rd street, Wiskar rushed past the first signal telling him to slow down.
在第 63 街，威斯卡冲过了第一个让他减速的信号灯。
Susan Eddy: He missed two sets of signals; he missed a flare.
苏珊·艾迪：他错过了两组信号；他错过了一次闪光。
He missed a gong.
他错过了一个锣。
And the train never slowed down.
火车从未减慢速度。
Narrator: At exactly 8:20 in the morning John Wiskar's locomotive barreled into the last car of train 223, instantly killing 15 people, dozens more were bloodied and burned.
旁白：早上 8 点 20 分整，约翰·威斯卡的机车撞上 223 号列车的最后一节车厢，立即造成 15 人死亡，数十人流血并被烧伤。
It was the worst train accident in New York City history.
这是纽约市历史上最严重的火车事故。
In New Rochelle word of the tragedy quickly spread by telegraph, as a desperate crowd gathered at the station for news.
在新罗谢尔，悲剧的消息很快通过电报传开，绝望的人群聚集在车站寻求消息。
The unfortunate were directed to the 17th police precinct in Manhattan.
不幸的人被送往曼哈顿第十七警察分局。
There the bodies of the victims were tagged and numbered, their clothing searched to identify the dead.
在那里，受害者的尸体被贴上标签和编号，他们的衣服被搜查以确定死者的身份。
In one pocket, the police found a curl of golden hair tied to a blue ribbon a keepsake of a child's first haircut.
警方在一个口袋里发现了一卷金色的头发，系着一条蓝色丝带，这是孩子第一次理发的纪念品。
By six o'clock, all the bodies had been identified.
到六点钟，所有尸体的身份都已被确认。
Outside, three inches of snow blanketed New York City.
外面，三英寸厚的积雪覆盖了纽约市。
Susan Eddy: The 1902 crash really brought to a head, all of the fears and frustrations and anger that New Yorkers had had with this center city train situation.
苏珊·艾迪（Susan Eddy）：1902 年的事故确实让纽约人对市中心的火车事故产生了所有的恐惧、沮丧和愤怒。
It was noisy, it was dirty, it was dangerous.
那里很吵、很脏、很危险。
And now people were dying.
现在人们正在死去。
Narrator: In the weeks following the 1902 accident, New York was consumed with stories about the tragedy.
旁白：1902 年事故发生后的几周内，纽约充斥着有关这场悲剧的故事。
It seemed as if the whole city was enraged; its patience finally worn out.
整个城市似乎都被激怒了；它的耐心终于耗尽了。
For a generation it had suffered an inadequate and poorly designed Grand Central, even as the Vanderbilts and their railroad recorded staggering profits year after year.
尽管范德比尔特家族和他们的铁路年复一年地创造了惊人的利润，但在一代人的时间里，它一直遭受着大中央车站不完善和设计糟糕的困扰。
But this accident could not be ignored.
但这起事故却不容忽视。
As the Attorney General considered indicting the railroad's board of directors, the state of New York moved to ban all steam locomotives in Manhattan.
当总检察长考虑起诉铁路董事会时，纽约州采取行动禁止曼哈顿的所有蒸汽机车。
There would be no more iron horses running up and down Park Avenue, no more smoke-filled tunnels beneath the heart of the city.
公园大道上不会再有铁马奔跑，市中心下也不会再有烟雾缭绕的隧道。
To stay in midtown, the New York Central would be forced to be a pioneer in a new technology, one that had never been used on such an enormous scale before, electricity.
为了留在市中心，纽约中央车站将被迫成为一项新技术的先驱，这项新技术以前从未大规模使用过，那就是电力。
Kurt Schlichting: A deadline is created.
Kurt Schlichting：设定了最后期限。
Do something, or you can't operate your steam engines on Manhattan Island.
做点什么，否则你就无法在曼哈顿岛操作你的蒸汽机。
And that was really a Draconian response to not just the particular accident in 1902, but to really the deplorable conditions at the Grand Central Depot.
这确实是一种严厉的反应，不仅是针对 1902 年发生的那起特定事故，也是针对大中央车站的恶劣状况。
Mike Wallace, Historian: This is the progressive era, so called.
历史学家迈克·华莱士：这是所谓的进步时代。
This is when, in fact, there are many people who are promoting far more radical schemes.
事实上，此时有许多人正在推行更为激进的计划。
The socialists are, in fact, very powerful, particularly in New York City.
事实上，社会主义者非常强大，特别是在纽约市。
And their argument is, let's bloody nationalize the railroads.
他们的论点是，让我们将铁路国有化吧。
Let's, in fact, take them away from their owners altogether.
事实上，让我们把它们从主人身边夺走。
So in the context of the array of solutions that are out on the political table, this is chicken feed.
因此，在政治桌上摆上一系列解决方案的背景下，这就是鸡饲料。
Narrator: The New York Central did not fight the mandate to electrify.
旁白：纽约中央车站并没有违背电气化的使命。
They couldn't.
他们不能。
Any resistance would have been futile.
任何反抗都是徒劳的。
For not only was Grand Central beyond redemption, but the Pennsylvania Railroad had just announced a new glorious, electric rail station in Manhattan.
因为不仅大中央车站已经无可救药，宾夕法尼亚铁路公司也刚刚宣布在曼哈顿建立一个新的辉煌的电动火车站。
Jill Jonnes: The Vanderbilts biggest rival is the Pennsylvania Railroad.
吉尔·琼斯：范德比尔特最大的竞争对手是宾夕法尼亚铁路。
And it's a very ongoing rivalry.
这是一场持续不断的竞争。
And for 30 years, the Pennsylvania Railroad had been racking its collective brains to figure out how to get into Manhattan.
30 年来，宾夕法尼亚铁路公司一直在绞尽脑汁地想办法进入曼哈顿。
It has a huge terminal on the Hudson River in Jersey City.
它在泽西市的哈德逊河上有一个巨大的码头。
Mike Wallace: All of those iron horses kind of chugged into the New Jersey Shore, and they kind of pawed impotently at the waterfront, you know, and they kind of looked longingly over the small stretch of water.
迈克·华莱士：所有这些铁马都猛冲进了新泽西海岸，它们在海滨无力地用爪子抓着，你知道，它们有点渴望地看着那一小片水域。
And there had been endless efforts to sort of solve this problem.
为了解决这个问题，人们付出了无数的努力。
Jill Jonnes: And finally, technology, the advance of electricity means that they now can come under the Hudson River and build tunnels and bring their trains in using electric locomotives.
吉尔·琼斯：最后，技术，电力的进步意味着他们现在可以在哈德逊河下建造隧道并使用电力机车来运送火车。
Kurt Schlichting: They were going to' build a rail station, on Manhattan Island.
Kurt Schlichting：他们打算在曼哈顿岛建造一个火车站。
And in a stroke, the Vanderbilt monopoly was at risk.
一时之间，范德比尔特的垄断地位岌岌可危。
Narrator: Twenty-three acres of condemned track, an outdated, inadequate terminal building, invasion by a fierce competitor.
旁白：二十三英亩的废跑道，过时且不完善的航站楼，激烈的竞争对手的入侵。
It would be hard to exaggerate the scope of the problems facing the New York Central in the spring of 1902, or the brilliance of the man who confronted them.
1902 年春天纽约中央银行所面临的问题的严重性，或者面对这些问题的人的才华，无论怎么夸大都不过分。
William Wilgus did not command a great fortune like Cornelius Vanderbilt.
威廉·威尔格斯并没有像科尼利厄斯·范德比尔特那样拥有巨额财富。
He was simply the railroad's chief engineer.
他只是铁路的总工程师。
And yet, like Vanderbilt, Wilgus would have an outsized impact on America's preeminent city.
然而，就像范德比尔特一样，威尔格斯将对美国这座卓越的城市产生巨大的影响。
Susan Eddy: William Wilgus was not a highly educated man.
苏珊·艾迪：威廉·威尔格斯并不是一个受过高等教育的人。
He never went to college.
他从未上过大学。
Graduated from high school.
高中毕业。
He went to work for a mentor engineer for a couple years.
他为一名导师工程师工作了几年。
And that was his resume.
这就是他的简历。
But he was a man of vision.
但他是一个有远见的人。
Wilgus was able to see down the road to where the problems would be and think of solutions that made sense before the problems ever arose and perhaps that's what makes a wonderful civil engineer.
威尔格斯能够预见问题所在，并在问题出现之前就想出有意义的解决方案，也许这就是成为一名出色的土木工程师的原因。
Kurt Schlichting: He's also a risk taker.
Kurt Schlichting：他也是一个敢于冒险的人。
In other words, he ...
换句话说，他...
he thinks of solutions that are ...
他想到的解决方案是......
are imaginative ones, that are a leap forward.
是富有想象力的，是一个飞跃。
And he's confident in his own abilities to solve problems.
而且他对自己解决问题的能力充满信心。
Narrator: Wilgus confronted the 1902 crisis and saw within it opportunity.
旁白：威尔格斯面对 1902 年的危机，并在其中看到了机遇。
He understood, where others did not, that steam locomotives were only one of the problems that vexed Grand Central.
他明白，其他人不明白的是，蒸汽机车只是困扰中央车站的问题之一。
The other was capacity.
另一个是容量。
Far too many trains ran every day into the outdated train yard.
每天有太多的火车驶入过时的火车站。
But where to expand?
但往哪里拓展呢？
Wilgus proposed a radical solution: build down sixty feet into the Manhattan bedrock.
威尔格斯提出了一个激进的解决方案：在曼哈顿基岩下建造六十英尺。
He imagined a new Grand Central where electric trains would still run through the Park Avenue tunnel, but, at 53rd Street, the tracks would separate.
他设想了一个新的大中央车站，其中电动火车仍将穿过公园大道隧道，但在 53 街，轨道将分开。
The upper level would be for long-distance travel.
上层将用于长途旅行。
Trains from Buffalo, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis would enter the new Grand Central on these electrified tracks.
来自布法罗、波士顿、芝加哥、圣路易斯的火车将通过这些电气化轨道进入新的中央车站。
Below them suburban commuters effortlessly would glide into the terminal.
在它们下面，郊区的通勤者可以毫不费力地滑进航站楼。
It was an elegant solution that not only rid New York City of the hated train yard, it increased Grand Central's capacity three fold.
这是一个优雅的解决方案，不仅使纽约市摆脱了令人讨厌的火车站，还将中央车站的容量增加了三倍。
Mike Wallace: Wilgus certainly sees that it is a one big whopping solution to the big problem, which is this train shed.
迈克·华莱士：威尔格斯当然认为这是解决火车棚这个大问题的一个重大解决方案。
And it may have been glorious in the old days, but it's a nuisance now.
在过去可能是光荣的，但现在却是令人讨厌的。
So, electrifying allows you -- plus you have to electrify -- it allows you to get rid of the shed, it allows you to cover over the yards, it allows you to, you know, have an underground station.
因此，电气化可以让你——而且你必须电气化——它可以让你摆脱棚子，它可以让你覆盖院子，它可以让你，你知道，拥有一个地铁站。
Your waiting shed is tucked away out of sight, subsurface.
您的等候棚隐藏在看不见的地下。
Brilliant.
杰出的。
Simple, brilliant.
简单，精彩。
Wildly expensive.
非常昂贵。
Narrator: The initial estimates of Wilgus' plan were staggering.
旁白：威尔格斯计划的初步估计是令人震惊的。
At a time when the total yearly revenue for the New York Central was $80 million, Wilgus projected a cost to complete of 40 million.
当时纽约中央车站的年总收入为 8000 万美元，威尔格斯预计完成成本为 4000 万美元。
Within a year that estimate jumped to 60, then 70 million.
一年之内，这一数字跃升至 60 万人，然后是 7000 万人。
And even though the city and the state had mandated the project by banning steam in Manhattan, not a single dollar of public money went into Grand Central's reconstruction.
尽管市政府和州政府通过在曼哈顿禁止蒸汽来强制实施该项目，但没有一美元的公共资金用于中央车站的重建。
But William Wilgus was undaunted.
但威廉·威尔格斯毫不畏惧。
Rather than scale back, and design a lesser Grand Central, he devised a revolutionary way for the railroad to self-finance the entire project.
他没有缩减规模并设计一个较小的中央车站，而是为铁路设计了一种革命性的方式来为整个项目自筹资金。
Frank Prial, Architect: Now Wilgus recognizes his audience.
Frank Prial，建筑师：现在 Wilgus 认出了他的观众。
He realizes he's dealing with businessmen.
他意识到自己正在和商人打交道。
He suggests that the railroad take advantage of one of its primary assets: real estate.
他建议铁路利用其主要资产之一：房地产。
Because it can convert what is essentially a lost expanse of open scar on the city's topography, this vast field of train tracks and equipment, and turn that into one of the greatest single real estate residential developments in American history.
因为它可以将城市地形上本质上消失的一片开放疤痕、这片广阔的火车轨道和设备转变为美国历史上最伟大的单一房地产住宅开发项目之一。
Narrator: Wilgus called his idea: "taking wealth from the air." At Grand Central there was no land to build on just train yard.
旁白：威尔格斯称他的想法为：“从空气中获取财富”。在中央车站，只有火车站场没有土地可以建造。
But, once the tracks were electrified and buried below street level, the space above, the air itself, could now be leased to developers to pay for the entire enterprise.
但是，一旦轨道电气化并埋在街道以下，上面的空间，即空气本身，现在就可以租给开发商，以支付整个企业的费用。
It was the first ever application of what would eventually be called "air rights," and it forever changed the American landscape.
这是最终被称为“航空权”的首次应用，它永远改变了美国的面貌。
Kurt Schlichting: Few New Yorkers who walk north on Park Avenue realize that below them are train tracks; that they're still over Grand Central, that you have these buildings that don't have any cellars.
Kurt Schlichting：沿着公园大道向北走的纽约人很少意识到他们下面是火车轨道；他们还在中央车站上空，这些建筑物没有地窖。
They're the fruit of Wilgus' vision.
它们是威尔格斯愿景的成果。
Narrator: In August 1903, a year and a half after the crash, teams of Irish day laborers dynamited the first section of Vanderbilt's old train yard.
旁白：1903 年 8 月，即事故发生一年半后，爱尔兰临时工队炸毁了范德比尔特旧火车站的第一部分。
Rail cars hauled away millions of cubic yards of debri, and then brought in massive steel girders needed for the new, underground Grand Central.
轨道车运走了数百万立方码的碎片，然后运来了新的地下中央车站所需的巨大钢梁。
Twenty-five miles of water and sewer lines were removed and relocated; three million cubic yards of dirt and rock were excavated; and all of this was done without any disruption to the daily commuter service.
25 英里的供水和污水管道被拆除并重新安置；挖掘了三百万立方码的泥土和岩石；所有这一切都是在不影响日常通勤服务的情况下完成的。
Kurt Schlichting: At Grand Central, the trains had to continue to run day in, day out, 365 days a year, while this, the most complicated construction project in New York history was about to unfold.
Kurt Schlichting：在中央车站，火车必须一年 365 天、日复一日地继续运行，而纽约历史上最复杂的建设项目即将展开。
Narrator: Wilgus broke the massive construction project into 12 separate sections, or "bites" as he called them, and attacked each independently.
旁白：维尔格斯将这个庞大的建筑工程分成了 12 个独立的部分，或者用他的话说，“咬”，并分别对每个部分进行攻击。
Moving from east to west, the old track was removed, bedrock and dirt excavated, concrete poured, steel girders erected, and then finally, the new electrified rail lines laid down.
从东向西，拆除旧轨道，挖掘基岩和泥土，浇筑混凝土，架起钢梁，最后铺设新的电气化铁路线。
Only after years of construction, when all sections were complete, were they joined together into a seamless, underground terminal: one free of the soot, noise, and congestion that had plagued Grand Central for decades.
经过多年的建设，所有部分都完工后，它们才连接在一起，形成一个无缝的地下航站楼：一个没有困扰中央车站数十年的烟尘、噪音和拥堵的航站楼。
On September 30, 1906, the first electric train made its inaugural run into Grand Central.
1906 年 9 月 30 日，第一列电动火车首次驶入中央车站。
At the controls was William Wilgus.
驾驶的是威廉·威尔格斯。
Passenger service for the new electrified lines was still months away.
新电气化线路的客运服务还有几个月的时间。
At 56th Street, there was a 1000-foot gap in the third rail.
在 56 街，第三根铁轨上有 1000 英尺的间隙。
But Wilgus simply accelerated as he emerged from the Park Avenue tunnel, and glided into the station.
但威尔格斯从公园大道隧道出来时只是加速，滑进车站。
He could be forgiven if he thought that the rest of the project was to continue just as smoothly.
如果他认为项目的其余部分会同样顺利地继续下去，那也是情有可原的。
Charlie Pappas: I grew up in Astoria.
查理·帕帕斯：我在阿斯托里亚长大。
Pete lived in the same apartment building.
皮特住在同一栋公寓楼里。
We were a team.
我们是一个团队。
Pete got drafted in '42.
皮特在 42 年被选中。
And I got drafted in '43.
我在 43 年被征召入伍。
He was one of my best friends.
他是我最好的朋友之一。
So I figured when he was leaving, I was going to go see him off.
所以我想，等他走的时候，我就去送他。
They used to bring them all to Grand Central Station and put them on the train to take off.
他们过去常常把它们全部带到中央车站，然后放在火车上起飞。
I walked in there.
我走进那里。
I'd never seen some anything so big in my life with thousands of people in it, mostly GIs going off to war.
我一生中从来没有见过这么大的东西，里面有成千上万的人，其中大部分是去打仗的美国士兵。
I never put this in my mind that something will happen to him and we'll never meet again.
我从来没有想过他会发生什么事，我们再也不会见面了。
This was the last thing in my mind.
这是我脑海中最后一件事。
Pete got shot down and they never found a trace of his plane or the crew or nothing.
皮特被击落，他们没有找到他的飞机或机组人员的踪迹，什么也没有。
When I visit Grand Central, I think about the last time I seen Pete alive and when he was leaving and how I hugged him and he hugged me and I said "I'll be seeing you", you know.
当我参观中央车站时，我会想起我最后一次见到活着的皮特，当他离开时，我如何拥抱他，他也拥抱我，我说“我会再见到你”，你知道。
Terrible feeling, when you lose a friend like that.
当你失去这样的朋友时，感觉很糟糕。
Narrator: In 1907, just five months after William Wilgus' triumphant ride into Grand Central Station, electrified service began to the Westchester suburb of White Plains.
旁白：1907 年，威廉·威尔格斯 (William Wilgus) 成功搭乘大中央车站仅五个月后，怀特普莱恩斯 (White Plains) 的威彻斯特郊区开始提供电气化服务。
Papers reported the commuters' delight with the new electric train although a few complained that it traveled at too great a speed.
报纸报道了通勤者对新电动火车的喜爱，尽管也有一些人抱怨它的行驶速度太快。
The following evening, the Brewster Express left Grand Central Station on that same track.
第二天晚上，布鲁斯特快车沿着同一条轨道离开中央车站。
At Woodlawn, in the Bronx, as the train rounded a curve, it flew off the tracks.
在布朗克斯区的伍德劳恩，当火车转弯时，它飞出了铁轨。
In an instant 20 people were killed and 150 injured.
瞬间造成20人死亡、150人受伤。
The wreckage stretched for over a mile.
残骸绵延一英里多。
Kurt Schlichting: The press exploded.
Kurt Schlichting：媒体爆炸了。
They hadn't forgotten the other accident.
他们没有忘记另一起事故。
And the first newspaper accounts claimed that the passengers who died had been electrocuted.
第一份报纸报道称，死亡的乘客是触电身亡。
They had come in contact with the third rail.
他们接触到了第三根铁轨。
A bitter, bitter battle ensues within the railroad.
铁路内部展开了一场惨烈的战斗。
There's a lot of nervousness and there's a question about who's to blame.
人们非常紧张，并且存在一个问题：该责怪谁。
Who's to blame in the corporate hierarchy.
公司等级制度中谁应该受到指责。
Narrator: That question would consume William Wilgus, and force him out of his job.
旁白：这个问题会让威廉·威尔格斯心烦意乱，并迫使他失业。
Three years earlier, on a crisp fall day in Schenectady, New York, the New York Central had put its new electric engine to the test.
三年前，在纽约斯克内克塔迪一个秋高气爽的日子，纽约中央车站测试了其新型电动发动机。
Seven train cars, filled with guests, were pulled at speeds that exceeded seventy miles an hour.
七节车厢满载着客人，以超过每小时七十英里的速度行驶。
"The question of electric traction for high-speed trains," Wilgus boasted to the press "has been solved for all time."
威尔格斯向媒体吹嘘道：“高速列车的电力牵引问题已经永远解决了。”
For the next six months the new engine was tested on miles of dedicated track.
在接下来的六个月里，新发动机在数英里的专用赛道上进行了测试。
Even in the worst weather it exceeded expectations.
即使在最恶劣的天气下，它也超出了预期。
But there was one problem that kept reoccurring.
但有一个问题不断重复出现。
Kurt Schlichting: When the electric engine was being tested, the engineers reported a problem called nosing, and that was the tendency of a very heavy locomotive to push the rails apart.
Kurt Schlichting：在测试电动发动机时，工程师们报告了一个称为“前缘”的问题，即非常重的机车容易将铁轨推开。
The train literally goes off the tracks because the tracks are being destroyed by the weight of the engine.
火车确实脱离了轨道，因为轨道被发动机的重量破坏了。
General Electric and the railroad felt that they had solved the problem.
通用电气和铁路公司认为他们已经解决了这个问题。
Narrator: Within days of the Woodlawn accident, the New York district attorney called for the indictment of high-ranking officials at the New York Central chief among them, William Wilgus.
旁白：伍德劳恩事故发生几天后，纽约地区检察官要求起诉纽约中央车站的高级官员，其中包括威廉·威尔格斯。
Wilgus was stunned, personally wounded by the attacks.
威尔格斯惊呆了，他本人也因袭击而受伤。
He and his team had known about the nosing problem, but in Wilgus' mind it had been solved.
他和他的团队已经知道机头问题，但在威尔格斯看来，问题已经解决了。
How could anyone blame him for the Woodlawn accident?
怎么会有人把伍德劳恩事故归咎于他呢？
Angry, Wilgus wrote a ten-page defense of his actions, and sent it to the New York Central's senior vice-president.
愤怒的威尔格斯为自己的行为写了一份长达十页的辩护书，并发送给纽约中央电视台的高级副总裁。
Kurt Schlichting: The problem is the District Attorney is investigating this rail accident.
Kurt Schlichting：问题是地方检察官正在调查这起铁路事故。
Documents will be subpoenaed, and if this particular memo gets out in the public, it's going to cause an uproar.
文件将被传唤，如果这份特殊的备忘录被公开，将会引起轩然大波。
And so, Wilgus gets a visit from the chief legal counsel of the railroad and the legal counsel says to Wilgus, you have to destroy this memo.
因此，铁路首席法律顾问拜访了威尔格斯，法律顾问对威尔格斯说，你必须销毁这份备忘录。
This is too dangerous.
这太危险了。
This is the smoking gun.
这是确凿无疑的证据。
Narrator: Under pressure from the railroad, Wilgus reluctantly destroyed his memo.
旁白：在铁路的压力下，威尔格斯无奈地销毁了他的备忘录。
But it was too late; he had lost the confidence of the New York Central.
但为时已晚。他已经失去了纽约中央电视台的信任。
Wilgus was now seen by the board of directors as a dangerous liability, one that had to be shut out from major corporate decisions.
威尔格斯现在被董事会视为一种危险的责任，必须将其排除在重大公司决策之外。
When the railroad modified their electric engine, putting four-wheel trucks on the front and rear to evenly distribute weight, they didn't even bother to tell their chief engineer.
当铁路公司修改他们的电动发动机，在前后放置四轮卡车以均匀分配重量时，他们甚至懒得告诉他们的总工程师。
Kurt Schlichting: The redesign is an admission that the original design of the electric engine, with all the weight on the driving wheels was the cause of the Woodlawn Wreck.
Kurt Schlichting：重新设计是承认电动发动机的原始设计以及驱动轮上的所有重量是造成伍德劳恩沉船事故的原因。
Wilgus takes that personally.
威尔格斯认为这是针对个人的。
And in retaliation, what Wilgus does is he goes back and he reconstructs all of his notes and files about all of this controversy surrounding the design of the electric engines.
作为报复，威尔格斯所做的就是回去重建所有关于电动发动机设计争议的笔记和文件。
It's his guarantee that the Central won't go after his reputation.
这是他保证中央不会追究他的声誉。
And the Central knows that he has those materials.
中央知道他有这些材料。
Narrator: In July 1907, with his reconstituted defense placed safely among his personal papers, William Wilgus resigned from the New York Central.
旁白：1907 年 7 月，威廉·威尔格斯（William Wilgus）从《纽约中央报》辞职，将他重新构建的辩护安全地放在他的个人文件中。
For the rest of his life Wilgus would seek recognition for his design and engineering work on Grand Central Terminal.
在他的余生中，威尔格斯将寻求对他在中央车站的设计和工程工作的认可。
But the accolades would go elsewhere to the great Beaux Arts building that for the next five years would rise on 42nd Street.
但这些荣誉将流向其他地方，流向未来五年将在第 42 街拔地而起的宏伟的布杂艺术风格建筑。
Boris Klapwald: I loved just walking around with this huge camera and taking pictures.
Boris Klapwald：我喜欢拿着这个巨大的相机四处走动并拍照。
I would take the subway into Grand Central and then from Grand Central to Peekskill, where I lived with my parents.
我会乘坐地铁到中央车站，然后从中央车站到皮克斯基尔，我和父母住在那里。
And I always promised myself that I would take pictures at Grand Central Terminal.
我总是向自己保证，我会在中央车站拍照。
It had a different feel to it than it does now.
那时的感觉与现在不同。
It had a much more, an almost Cathedral-like atmosphere.
它有一种更像大教堂的气氛。
There was one photograph almost showing isolation where there was a minister or a priest, I'm not sure, and a young girl and they were sitting separated on this bench.
有一张照片几乎显示出与世隔绝的感觉，我不确定那里有一位牧师或一位牧师，还有一个年轻女孩和他们分开坐在这张长凳上。
The characteristics of these two people were just amazing to me.
这两个人的特点让我很惊讶。
I made contact sheets and they were stowed away in boxes.
我制作了联系表，并将它们存放在盒子里。
And it was only until my daughter saw these particular photographs and said, what are these.
直到我女儿看到这些特别的照片并说，这些是什么。
I said well these are Grand Central Terminal.
我说得好，这些是中央车站。
And she took them and went to the MTA and they're now at Grand Central Terminal, in the lower level.
她带着他们去了 MTA，他们现在在中央车站的下层。
They make me remember an easier time.
它们让我记住一段更轻松的时光。
You know, everyone says it about the past, it was a simpler time.
你知道，每个人都说过去，那是一个更简单的时代。
It probably wasn't.
可能不是。
But it seemed to be.
但似乎确实如此。
Narrator: The main concourse stood silent as an eager crowd waited for the doors to open.
旁白：主广场一片寂静，一群热切的人群等待着大门打开。
Finally, at precisely midnight, on February 2nd, 1913, three thousand people rushed into Grand Central Terminal for the first time.
最后，1913 年 2 月 2 日午夜，三千人第一次涌入中央车站。
By days end, over 150,000 New Yorkers, from every corner of the city, had come to gaze at their newest monument.
截至当天结束，已有超过 15 万纽约人从城市各个角落前来观看他们最新的纪念碑。
Maxinne Leighton, Writer: People lined up.
马克辛·莱顿（Maxinne Leighton），作家：人们排队。
They wanted to get inside this building.
他们想进入这座大楼。
And they wanted to see the first train leave and the first train arrive.
他们希望看到第一趟火车出发和第一趟火车到达。
John Belle, Architect: You walked into Grand Central and you didn't see the great shed.
约翰·贝尔，建筑师：你走进中央车站，却没有看到那个大棚子。
You didn't see the beast of steam.
你没有看到蒸汽之兽。
The train was hidden.
火车被隐藏了。
This wonderful, graceful, proportioned, beautifully detailed building, which reflected human history, celebrated man.
这座美妙、优雅、比例匀称、细节精美的建筑反映了人类历史，颂扬了人类。
Narrator: For five years, on the very spot where Cornelius Vanderbilt's Grand Central Depot once stood, a new Terminal building had slowly risen.
旁白：五年来，在科尼利厄斯·范德比尔特中央车站曾经矗立的地方，一座新的航站楼慢慢拔地而起。
To the casual passerby its construction seemed without conflict: No one died; there were no delays; everything built according to plan.
对于路人来说，它的结构似乎没有冲突：没有人死亡；没有人死亡；没有人死亡。没有延误；一切都按计划建造。
In truth, the building was a deeply contentious project.
事实上，这座建筑是一个颇具争议的项目。
The completed Grand Central Terminal was very much the realization of William Wilgus' vision for mid-town Manhattan; but he got none of the credit.
竣工的中央车站在很大程度上实现了威廉·威尔格斯 (William Wilgus) 对曼哈顿中城的愿景；但他没有得到任何功劳。
Instead, it all went to the Terminal's chief architect, Whitney Warren.
相反，这一切都落到了航站楼的首席建筑师惠特尼·沃伦的手中。
Whitney Warren was a classicist, an aesthete, someone who traveled within the highest rungs of New York society.
惠特尼·沃伦 (Whitney Warren) 是一位古典主义者、唯美主义者，曾游历纽约社会的最高层。
He was also the kind of man that had no problem pushing aside the architects originally hired to design Grand Central.
他也是那种毫不犹豫地将最初聘请来设计中央车站的建筑师推到一边的人。
John Belle: Reed and Stem were a very experienced firm of architects knowledgeable about the functioning and operating of railroads.
约翰·贝尔：里德和斯坦姆是一家经验丰富的建筑师公司，了解铁路的运作和运营。
They understood that one of the major problems of Grand Central's growth and expansion was how you dealt with the connection between the individual parts of the railroad system.
他们明白，中央车站发展和扩张的主要问题之一是如何处理铁路系统各个部分之间的连接。
They saw clearly that the success of the new terminal would be greatest if they could connect those individual parts in a seamless way.
他们清楚地看到，如果能够以无缝方式连接这些单独的部分，新航站楼将取得最大的成功。
Frank Prial: What they created was an architectural representation of an engineering idea.
Frank Prial：他们创造的是工程理念的建筑表现。
But, it was heavy handed in terms of its expression; clearly that what you saw was really just a covering, an enclosure for a very sophisticated system of circulation and of movement from train to street.
但是，它的表达方式却很严厉；显然，你所看到的实际上只是一个覆盖物，一个非常复杂的流通系统和从火车到街道的运动系统的外壳。
Narrator: The New York architectural community was outraged.
旁白：纽约建筑界感到愤怒。
They felt Reed and Stem's design was insipid, crass -- one that stood in stark contrast to the majestic new Pennsylvania Station just seven blocks south.
他们觉得里德和斯特姆的设计平淡、粗俗——与以南七个街区处雄伟的新宾夕法尼亚车站形成鲜明对比。
Whitney Warren took the complaints directly to the Vanderbilt family.
惠特尼·沃伦 (Whitney Warren) 直接向范德比尔特家族提出投诉。
Jill Jonnes: One of the things that happens is that when the Pennsylvania Railroad announce what their train station is going to look like there is this tremendous admiration "look at the Pennsylvania Railroad, what good citizens they are, they're creating this temple to transportation."
吉尔·琼斯：发生的事情之一是，当宾夕法尼亚铁路宣布他们的火车站将是什么样子时，人们会产生巨大的钦佩“看看宾夕法尼亚铁路，他们是多么好的公民，他们正在创造这座交通圣殿。”
And the Vanderbilt's want to equal the Pennsylvania Railroad in what they're going to deliver in terms of magnificence when they build Grand Central.
范德比尔特家族希望在建造大中央车站时能够与宾夕法尼亚铁路媲美，实现宏伟目标。
Kurt Schlichting: It had everything to do with the Vanderbilt sense of themselves.
Kurt Schlichting：这与范德比尔特的自我意识密切相关。
It was William K.
这是威廉·K.
Vanderbilt, the grandson of the Commodore, who looked at this and said, no this isn't what we had in mind.
范德比尔特，准将的孙子，看着这个说，不，这不是我们想要的。
And while he had been withdrawing from the railroad business, he was still on the board of directors, and he began to criticize the selection of the Reed and Stem building.
尽管他已经退出铁路业务，但他仍然是董事会成员，他开始批评里德和斯特姆大楼的选择。
And the railroad forces Reed and Stem and Warren and his partner to form a combined architectural firm.
铁路迫使里德和斯特姆以及沃伦和他的合伙人组建了一家联合建筑公司。
But really, it's to bring Whitney Warren into the design process.
但实际上，这是让惠特尼·沃伦 (Whitney Warren) 参与设计过程。
Frank Prial: Warren is an aristocratic, rather arrogant and forthright gentleman who was trained at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he saw this as the door opening for him to take over.
弗兰克·普里亚尔：沃伦是一位贵族式的、相当傲慢且直率的绅士，曾在巴黎美术学院受训，他认为这是为他打开接班之门的机会。
But Reed and Stem did not have that same idea.
但里德和斯特姆却没有同样的想法。
So it was never a very happy marriage; extremely contentious from the very beginning.
所以这从来都不是一段幸福的婚姻。从一开始就极具争议性。
What resulted however, we like to say, is far superior than either of the firms could have done on their own
然而，我们想说的是，结果远远优于任何一家公司自己所能做到的
Narrator: Every detail of the new station's design was fought over, with the New York Central Railroad acting as final arbiter.
旁白：新车站设计的每一个细节都经过了争论，纽约中央铁路担任最终仲裁者。
Some of Reed and Stem's original design survived the process: ramps still moved suburban commuters from train to street, Park Avenue was elevated to allow traffic to flow around the Terminal building, but, in the end, it was Whitney Warren's vision that came to define Grand Central.
里德和斯特姆的一些原始设计在这一过程中幸存下来：坡道仍然将郊区通勤者从火车转移到街道上，公园大道被抬高，以允许交通在航站楼周围流动，但最终，惠特尼·沃伦的愿景定义了中央车站。
John Belle: It is imposing.
约翰·贝尔：太气势了。
But it's not imposing in a threatening way.
但这并不是以威胁的方式强加。
It doesn't overwhelm you.
它不会让你不知所措。
It's not something abstract.
这不是什么抽象的东西。
If you examine the space people actually enter the Main Concourse on each of the four corners.
如果你检查一下空间，人们实际上是从四个角进入主广场的。
As they walk under the low ceiling space suddenly the space opens up, and they realize they're in this great hall, which has a totally different character, totally different from the passages, totally different from the sidewalks that they walked on, totally different from the railroad platforms.
当他们走在低矮的天花板空间下时，空间突然开阔了，他们意识到自己身处这个大厅，它具有完全不同的特征，与通道完全不同，与他们走过的人行道完全不同，与铁路站台完全不同。
Suddenly there's this great space -- color, ornament, scale, detail -- all working together to make anyone there feel very comfortable, very safe, and wanting to experience it for its own sake.
突然间，这个伟大的空间出现了——颜色、装饰、规模、细节——所有这些共同作用，让那里的任何人都感到非常舒适、非常安全，并且想要为了它本身而体验它。
Maxinne Leighton: It is a place that's perfect balance, a kind of dance of space, a dance of structure.
Maxinne Leighton：这是一个完美平衡的地方，一种空间之舞，一种结构之舞。
Architecture reflects a level of intuition.
建筑反映了一定程度的直觉。
It reflects a level of culture and grace and stamina and beauty and confidence.
它反映了一定程度的文化、优雅、耐力、美丽和自信。
That's quite a remarkable thing to have a building accomplish.
一座建筑的完成是一件了不起的事情。
Narrator: In 1899 The New York Times had called Grand Central "a cruel disgrace." Just a decade later, its image had changed dramatically.
旁白：1899 年，《纽约时报》称大中央车站为“残酷的耻辱”。仅仅十年后，它的形象就发生了巨大的变化。
"The Grand Central Terminal is not only a station," The Times now declared, "it is a monument, a civic center, or, if one will, a city.
“中央车站不仅仅是一个车站，”《泰晤士报》现在宣称，“它还是一座纪念碑、一个市政中心，或者，如果有人愿意的话，也是一座城市。
Without exception, it is not only the greatest station in the United States, but the greatest station, of any type, in the world."
无一例外，它不仅是美国最伟大的车站，而且是世界上任何类型的最伟大的车站。”
Though railroads no longer dominate the American landscape as they once did in Commodore Vanderbilt's time, Grand Central endures.
尽管铁路不再像范德比尔特准将时代那样在美国景观中占据主导地位，但中央车站仍然存在。
Every day, hundreds of thousands of people ride the vast underground track laid out by William Wilgus.
每天，都有数十万人乘坐威廉·威尔格斯 (William Wilgus) 铺设的广阔地下轨道。
And within Whitney Warren's great Beaux Arts building, one can still hear the immense and distant sound of time.
在惠特尼·沃伦 (Whitney Warren) 这座宏伟的美术风格建筑内，人们仍然可以听到浩瀚而遥远的时间之声。
Rita Gabis: There's something about Grand Central.
丽塔·加比斯：中央车站有一些东西。
There's such an echo of the past there of journey there.
那里有过去的旅程的回声。
It's amazes me still every time I come into the station.
每次走进车站，我都会感到惊讶。
There's the faces of people who are waiting, of people who are hurrying, who are looking forward to where they're going or maybe resigned or tired; strangers to the city or so used to the city they're blind to what's around them.
人们的面孔在等待，人们在匆忙，人们期待着他们要去的地方，或者也许是辞职或疲倦；对于这座城市陌生的人或者已经习惯了这座城市的人，他们对周围的事物视而不见。
It's such a beautiful metaphor for all the arrivals and departures that really make up the moments of our lives.
这是一个非常美丽的比喻，代表了我们生命中所有的到来和离开。
A deadly accident at the old Grand Central Depot in 1902 led the busy terminal to be redesigned.
1902 年，老中央车站发生了一起致命事故，导致繁忙的航站楼需要重新设计。
Explore the evolution in photos.
探索照片的演变。
After almost ten years of renovation and reengineering, the new Grand Central Terminal opened to the public precisely at midnight on February 2, 1913.
经过近十年的翻新和重新设计，新的中央车站于 1913 年 2 月 2 日午夜向公众开放。
In June 1938, the New York Central introduced new locomotives and Pullman cars.
1938年6月，纽约中央车站引进了新的机车和普尔曼车厢。
Grand Central Terminal's builders pioneered the concept of air rights.
大中央航站楼的建设者率先提出了航空权的概念。
The Park Avenue tunnel, built to remove trains from Manhattan's surface and boost public safety, was itself dangerous: dark, smoky, with poor visibility.
公园大道隧道的目的是让火车远离曼哈顿地表并提高公共安全，但它本身就很危险：黑暗、烟雾弥漫、能见度很低。
At Woodlawn, in the Bronx, as the train rounded a curve, it flew off the tracks.
在布朗克斯区的伍德劳恩，当火车转弯时，它飞出了铁轨。
In an instant 20 people were killed and 150 injured.
瞬间造成20人死亡、150人受伤。
Grand Central offers insights into social studies topics.
Grand Central 提供对社会研究主题的见解。
Use part or all of the program, or delve into the rich resources available on this website to learn more.
使用部分或全部程序，或深入研究本网站上提供的丰富资源以了解更多信息。
On February 1, 1913, New Yorkers rushed to see the opening of Grand Central Terminal.
1913 年 2 月 1 日，纽约人争相观看中央车站的启用。