Golden Gate Bridge
Narrator : In June 1921, a 51-year old bridge builder from Chicago arrived in San Francisco to deliver plans for the project of his dreams.
旁白：1921 年 6 月，一位来自芝加哥的 51 岁桥梁建造者抵达旧金山，交付他梦想中的工程计划。
Joseph Strauss made His living building ordinary draw bridges, but he was a relentless dreamer - a man determined to be remembered for something much bigger.
约瑟夫·施特劳斯以建造普通的吊桥为生，但他是一个坚持不懈的梦想家——一个决心因更伟大的事情而被人们铭记的人。
Now, Strauss had conceived plans for what he considered the most daring bridge ever.
现在，施特劳斯已经为他认为有史以来最大胆的桥梁构思了计划。
His chosen site fronted the turbulent waters of the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of one of the world's great harbors.
他选择的地点面向世界上最大港口之一的太平洋汹涌的海水。
San Francisco's Golden Gate was a treacherous spot the likes of which no bridge builder had ever attempted to span.
旧金山的金门是一个危险的地方，没有桥梁建造者尝试过跨越这样的地方。
Little did San Francisco's City Engineer realize, he was dealing with a man who had once proposed bridging the Bering Strait.
旧金山的城市工程师几乎没有意识到，他正在与一个曾经提议修建白令海峡的人打交道。
Kevin Starr, Historian of California : There was an archetypal American kind of personality, who comes to fruition mythically in the Wizard of Oz behind the curtain.
加利福尼亚州历史学家凯文·斯塔尔：有一种典型的美国人性格，在《绿野仙踪》的幕后神话般地得以实现。
And that's the promoter, the P.T.
这就是发起人 P.T.
Barnum, the visionary, the man who is constantly dreaming dreams and promoting big projects.
巴纳姆，一个有远见的人，一个不断梦想和推动大项目的人。
And Joseph Strauss was that kind of person.
约瑟夫·施特劳斯就是这样的人。
Narrator : Strauss arrived at an opportune moment.
旁白：施特劳斯来得正是时候。
Though his plans would languish in the city bureaucracy for another 18 months, San Franciscans would soon understand they held the key to the city's future.
尽管他的计划将在城市官僚机构中再搁置 18 个月，但旧金山人很快就会明白他们掌握着这座城市未来的关键。
Sitting at the tip of a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by water, San Francisco was bottled up, its expansion stunted by geography.
旧金山坐落在半岛的顶端，三面环水，被封闭起来，其扩张因地理因素而受到阻碍。
By 1920, the federal census revealed the city's growth had dipped below the national average.
到 1920 年，联邦人口普查显示该市的增长已低于全国平均水平。
Even worse, San Francisco had fallen behind its rival to the south.
更糟糕的是，旧金山已经落后于其南部的竞争对手。
With plenty of land, Los Angeles was booming.
洛杉矶拥有充足的土地，正在蓬勃发展。
San Francisco's future would depend on its ability to link with the underpopulated counties of northern California which stretched more than 300 miles to the Oregon border.
旧金山的未来将取决于其与北加州人口稀少的县的联系能力，这些县一直延伸到俄勒冈州边境 300 多英里。
Kevin Starr : San Franciscans were beginning to realize that there was a vast northern and interior empire that had to be integrated into the San Francisco economy and transportation and travel network, for San Francisco truly to survive.
凯文·斯塔尔：旧金山人开始意识到，有一个巨大的北部和内陆帝国，必须融入旧金山的经济、交通和旅游网络，旧金山才能真正生存。
It had already exploited as much of this bay hinterland as it could.
它已经尽可能多地开发了这个海湾腹地。
Narrator : San Francisco Bay separated two worlds, one urban and congested; the other rural and wide open.
旁白：旧金山湾分隔了两个世界，一个是城市，一个是拥挤；一个是城市，一个是拥挤。另一个乡村又开阔。
Richard Dillon, Author, High Steel : Sausalito and Marin County was a rural and pastoral country.....dairy ranches, chicken ranches, that kind of thing, all the way extending up the coast...
理查德·狄龙，《高钢》作者：索萨利托和马林县是一个乡村和牧区……奶牛场、养鸡场之类的东西，一直延伸到海岸……
Kevin Starr : It was also the area that you went for amusement...
凯文斯塔尔：这也是你去娱乐的地方......
So you'd go over there on the weekends to-to go to the outdoors, to the park, to amusement centers, to enjoy the beaches; it was the playground of San Francisco.....
所以你会在周末去那里——去户外活动，去公园，去娱乐中心，去享受海滩；那是旧金山的游乐场......
And coming back on Sunday night could be quite a long line of cars waiting to come back to San Francisco.
周日晚上回来时，可能会排起长队等待返回旧金山。
Richard Dillon : My brother Bill, Bill Dillon, was a traffic cop for the Golden Gate Ferries.
理查德·狄龙：我的兄弟比尔·比尔·狄龙是金门渡轮的一名交通警察。
And his job was, with other officers, to keep the traffic from jamming the little town.
他的工作是和其他警察一起防止小镇的交通堵塞。
They piled themselves up on that one main street, Water Street, all the way to the north edge of town and beyond.
他们聚集在水街这一条主要街道上，一直延伸到城镇的北边甚至更远的地方。
Narrator : Over time, the weekend crush became a daily one.
旁白：随着时间的推移，周末的迷恋变成了日常的迷恋。
By the 1920's, 50,000 commuters a week surged through San Francisco's ferry building .
到 1920 年代，每周有 50,000 名通勤者涌入旧金山的渡轮大楼。
Many came from the east bay, but increasingly from the counties to the north.
许多人来自东湾，但越来越多的人来自北部的县。
It would take more than ferries to accommodate the growing traffic between San Francisco, and its outlying counties.
要满足旧金山及其边远县之间不断增长的交通量，需要的不仅仅是渡轮。
Kevin Starr : The 1920's is the decade of the automobile.
Kevin Starr：20 年代是汽车的十年。
San Francisco knew that it had to push forward, via the automobile, to its hinterlands.
旧金山知道它必须通过汽车向其腹地推进。
And that meant a bridge.
这意味着一座桥梁。
Narrator : In 1922 Joseph Strauss crossed the Gate by ferry and set out on a road trip north.
旁白：1922年，约瑟夫·施特劳斯乘渡轮越过大门，开始了北上的公路旅行。
The first stop on his self-orchestrated campaign was Sausalito's city council.
他自行策划的竞选活动的第一站是索萨利托市议会。
A bridge would boost property values, he told a curious audience, encourage development and invite tourism.
他告诉好奇的观众，一座桥梁将提升房地产价值，鼓励开发并吸引旅游业。
In short, the day a bridge opened, anyone who owned property in Marin County would automatically be wealthy.
简而言之，大桥开通之日，任何在马林县拥有房产的人都会自动变得富有。
It was a performance Strauss would repeat before countless civic organizations and public meetings from communities throughout Northern California.
这是施特劳斯在北加州无数的公民组织和社区公开会议上重复的表演。
Mark Ketchum, Civil Engineer : This bridge needed a promoter.
马克·凯彻姆，土木工程师：这座桥需要一个发起人。
It needed a champion, someone willing to work half their life, almost, probably to his own financial detriment-promoting this bridge and making it happen.
它需要一个冠军，一个愿意工作半生的人，几乎可能会损害他自己的经济利益，以促进这座桥梁并使之成为现实。
Narrator : "If the people of San Francisco and other communities are willing to spend the money," Strauss told the San Francisco Chronicle, "the Golden Gate could be bridged by 1927."
旁白：“如果旧金山和其他社区的人民愿意花钱，”施特劳斯告诉《旧金山纪事报》，“金门大桥可以在 1927 年建成。”
To build his bridge, Strauss would have to overcome a formidable environment.
为了建造他的桥梁，施特劳斯必须克服恶劣的环境。
Northern California's rivers, fed by the heavy snows of the Sierras, have only one outlet.
北加州的河流由内华达山脉的大雪补给，只有一个出口。
The mountain water flows into San Francisco Bay, and then toward the mile-wide gap called the Golden Gate.
山水流入旧金山湾，然后流向一英里宽的缺口，称为金门。
At the Gate, it collides head-on with the incoming force of the Pacific Ocean.
在大门处，它与太平洋来袭的力量正面碰撞。
Stephen Cassady, Author, Spanning the Gate : What you see is the collision of natural forces: fresh water and salt.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪，《跨越大门》作者：你所看到的是自然力量的碰撞：淡水和盐。
All of the Pacific Ocean that hits the California coast is looking for a place to go.
到达加利福尼亚海岸的整个太平洋都在寻找一个可以去的地方。
It has one place.
它有一个地方。
And that's the mile-and-a-quarter aperture between Fort Point and Lime Point, between Marin and San Francisco.
这就是福特角和莱姆角之间、马林和旧金山之间的四分之一英里的差距。
Mark Ketchum : If you go out to the bridge site, you can see the waves crashing over the south shore.
马克·凯彻姆：如果你走到桥边，你可以看到海浪拍打着南岸。
And those waves are only the surface manifestation of a big energy pump underneath the water.
而那些波浪只是水下一个巨大能量泵的表面表现。
Stephen Cassady : On top of that, you have really terrible weather: cold wind, it's slick.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：除此之外，天气真的很糟糕：风冷、湿滑。
If you say, "Well, what an ideal site for building a bridge," it isn't.
如果你说，“嗯，这是建造桥梁的理想地点”，但事实并非如此。
Narrator : But Strauss saw only a magnificent challenge.
旁白：但施特劳斯只看到了一个巨大的挑战。
Kevin Starr : Well, Strauss is a, by temperament, a dreamer, a mystic, a visionary.
凯文·斯塔尔：嗯，从气质上来说，施特劳斯是一个梦想家、神秘主义者、有远见的人。
When he was at the University of Cincinnati and he tried out for the football team, and he was hurt, and he had to recover, he could watch from his infirmary window the construction of the Covington Bridge across the Ohio River into Kentucky.
当他在辛辛那提大学参加橄榄球队选拔时，他受伤了，必须康复，他可以从医务室的窗户看到横跨俄亥俄河通往肯塔基州的卡温顿大桥的建设。
And as he watched that bridge under construction, the dream of great bridges possessed him as-as-as his life's work.
当他看着那座正在建设中的桥梁时，伟大桥梁的梦想就如同他一生的事业一样占据了他的心。
Narrator : Despite his great ambitions, Strauss had built his career stamping out mundane, functional bridges.
旁白：尽管施特劳斯雄心勃勃，但他的职业生涯是通过消除世俗的、功能性的桥梁来建立的。
Mark Ketchum : Strauss was a remarkably prolific designer of movable bridges that were built across inland rivers all over the Americas.
马克·凯彻姆：施特劳斯是一位非常多产的可移动桥梁设计师，这些桥梁横跨美洲内陆河流。
These bridges are bascule bridges.
这些桥梁是开合桥。
Bascule is really a short name for a bridge that opens like this, or like this.
Bascule实际上是像这样打开的桥梁的简称。
John van der Zee, Author, The Gate : He was the drawbridge king.
约翰·范德泽，《大门》作者：他是吊桥之王。
He was the guy who built these bridges, these pattern bridges all over the world.
他是在世界各地建造这些桥梁的人。
Of the 400 bridges that the Strauss firm built during its existence, 390 of them at least were these little pattern drawbridges.
在施特劳斯公司成立期间建造的 400 座桥梁中，至少有 390 座是这种小型吊桥。
Narrator : Strauss found inventive ways to draw attention to his work.
旁白：施特劳斯找到了创造性的方法来吸引人们对他的作品的关注。
For San Francisco's 1915 exposition, he converted a bascule design into an amusement ride that offered a spinning view of the city's skyline.
在 1915 年旧金山博览会上，他将一个开合设计改造成一个游乐设施，可以旋转地欣赏城市天际线的景色。
It was fun, but hardly a feat of engineering.
这很有趣，但算不上工程壮举。
The plans Strauss delivered for a bridge at the Golden Gate similarly called for a bascule design of huge proportions.
施特劳斯为金门大桥提出的计划同样要求采用巨大比例的开启设计。
It was functional, affordable, and looked, to one critic, like "an upside down rat trap."
它实用、价格实惠，而且在一位评论家看来，它看起来就像“一个颠倒的捕鼠器”。
Mark Ketchum : This bridge really looks like a bascule bridge on steroids, with the lift span in the middle replaced with a cable-supported span.
马克·凯彻姆（Mark Ketchum）：这座桥看起来确实像一座增强版的开合桥，中间的升力跨度被缆索支撑的跨度取代。
Most people (myself included) think that it was very ugly, to the point of hideous.
大多数人（包括我自己）都认为它非常丑陋，甚至达到了丑陋的程度。
Kevin Starr : Joseph Strauss was not much of an engineer.
凯文·斯塔尔：约瑟夫·施特劳斯算不上是一名工程师。
He was a great visionary.
他是一位伟大的梦想家。
And his initial draft of the Golden Gate Bridge was awkward and clumsy, and if by any impossible chance it had been built, it would have been a catastrophe today.
他最初设计的金门大桥草图既笨拙又笨拙，如果万一它建成的话，今天将是一场灾难。
There'd be a movement to tear it down.
将会有一场运动将其拆除。
Narrator : Four years after delivering his plans, Joseph Strauss moved from Chicago to San Francisco's Palace Hotel.
旁白：在实现他的计划四年后，约瑟夫·施特劳斯从芝加哥搬到了旧金山的皇宫酒店。
He had come to pursue his dream full-time.
他全职追求自己的梦想。
And that meant convincing Californians to pay for it...Strauss lobbied the northern California counties to join a bridge district that would issue bonds to raise the thirty-five million dollars a bridge would cost.
这意味着说服加州人为此买单……施特劳斯游说北加州各县加入桥梁区，该区将发行债券以筹集一座桥梁的三千五百万美元成本。
With little state or federal interest in the project, local citizens would have to put up their own homes and businesses as collateral.
由于州或联邦对该项目兴趣不大，当地公民将不得不以自己的房屋和企业作为抵押。
In the end, five northern counties agreed to join the bridge district.
最终，北方五县同意加入桥区。
Richard Dillon : I don't really know exactly how Strauss did pull it off, how in the world he got the support of our little counties over here?
理查德·狄龙：我真的不知道施特劳斯是如何做到这一点的，他到底是如何得到我们这里小县的支持的？
Marin County was lightly populated and Sonoma and Napa and Mendocino had very few people.
马林县人口稀少，索诺玛、纳帕和门多西诺人口很少。
And Del Norte County had no people, you might say.
你可能会说，德尔诺特县没有人。
And yet these rather impoverished counties got together to hock their homes and their ranches for a bond issue in 1930.
然而，这些相当贫困的县却在 1930 年联合起来，将他们的家园和牧场打包用于发行债券。
Narrator : In San Francisco itself, Strauss encountered unexpected resistance.
旁白：在旧金山，施特劳斯遇到了意想不到的阻力。
John Van Der Zee : When the idea returned to the Board of Supervisors it got stalled.
John Van Der Zee：当这个想法返回监事会时，它就被搁置了。
So Strauss hired a man named Doc Meyers who was a political fixer and bribed one of the members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors named Warren Shannon.
因此，施特劳斯聘请了一位名叫迈耶斯医生（Doc Meyers）的政治操纵者，并贿赂了旧金山监事会的一位名叫沃伦·香农（Warren Shannon）的成员。
Shannon became the bagman.
香农成了推销员。
He would, come to the Strauss offices and be given a sealed envelope with a $100 bill inside, which he either kept for himself or distributed to the necessary supervisors to bring them on board.
他会来到施特劳斯的办公室，收到一个密封的信封，里面有一张 100 美元的钞票，他要么自己保留，要么分发给必要的主管，让他们加入。
Charles Kring : His secretary told me that every month someone would show up, pick up a paper sack with $400 in it.
Charles Kring：他的秘书告诉我，每个月都会有人出现，捡起一个装有 400 美元的纸袋。
Well, $400 in those days was the equivalent of about $2,000 today.
那时候的 400 美元大约相当于今天的 2,000 美元。
Narrator : Magically, San Francisco's resistance evaporated, and Strauss looked forward to being named Chief Engineer.
旁白：神奇的是，旧金山的阻力消失了，施特劳斯期待着被任命为总工程师。
But the newly appointed bridge board questioned his design and started considering other candidates with far more experience.
但新任命的桥接委员会对他的设计提出了质疑，并开始考虑其他经验丰富的候选人。
Determined not to let the job slip away, Strauss agreed to retain his 2 chief rivals as consultants, cut his own fee nearly in half, and even scrap his own bridge design.
施特劳斯决心不让这份工作溜走，他同意保留他的两个主要竞争对手作为顾问，将自己的费用削减近一半，甚至放弃自己的桥梁设计。
Strauss did insist on one thing: that he be credited as the engineer who designed and built the Golden Gate Bridge.
施特劳斯确实坚持一件事：他被认为是设计和建造金门大桥的工程师。
The man most pleased with the need to start over was Strauss' deputy, Charles Ellis, whose job it would be to calculate and draw up the new plans.
对重新开始感到最满意的是施特劳斯的副手查尔斯·埃利斯，他的工作是计算和制定新计划。
A meticulous intellectual, Ellis was in every way Strauss' opposite.
埃利斯是一位一丝不苟的知识分子，在各方面都与施特劳斯相反。
He'd studied Greek classics and was a distinguished professor of engineering before joining Strauss' Chicago office at age 54.
在 54 岁加入施特劳斯芝加哥办事处之前，他曾研究过希腊古典文学，并且是一位杰出的工程学教授。
Fred Apsey, Student of Charles Ellis : Charles Ellis always wore his black suit.
Fred Apsey，查尔斯·埃利斯的学生：查尔斯·埃利斯总是穿着他的黑色西装。
He had on this white shirt, starched collar, and his little tie, and when you looked at him, he just looked precise with the way he dressed.
他穿着这件白衬衫，衣领浆过，打着小领带，当你看着他时，你会发现他的着装看起来很精确。
That was the whole image that he presented.
这就是他所呈现的整个形象。
Narrator : Unlike Strauss, Ellis's ambition lay not in the glory of fame, but in the pure challenge of calculating every engineering detail.
旁白：与施特劳斯不同，埃利斯的野心不在于名声的荣耀，而在于计算每个工程细节的纯粹挑战。
John van der Zee : The bridge is like a gigantic math problem.
John van der Zee：这座桥就像一个巨大的数学问题。
And he had the mathematical skills to implement it.
而且他拥有实现它的数学技能。
This was, in effect, 10 and a half volumes of pre-computer higher mathematics, done by one man, using a circular slide rule and a hand-cranked adding machine.
实际上，这是 10 卷半的前计算机高等数学，由一个人使用圆形计算尺和手摇加法机完成。
Fred Apsey : He was coming up with some calculations that there were 35 unknown units in it.
Fred Apsey：他进行了一些计算，其中有 35 个未知单位。
And the only way you can do it is to solve all these equations together, to try to find out what some of these unknowns are, and then eventually you'll get down to where you got one more unknown to solve for, and you find that, and so then you're home Scott free.
你能做到的唯一方法就是一起求解所有这些方程，尝试找出其中一些未知数是什么，然后最终你会找到另一个需要解的未知数，然后你找到了，然后斯科特就可以回家了。
Narrator : Ellis's calculations worked out the practical details of a radical design for a suspension bridge that had been broadly conceived by Leon Moisseiff.
旁白：埃利斯的计算得出了莱昂·莫伊塞夫 (Leon Moisseiff) 广泛构想的悬索桥激进设计的实际细节。
Moisseiff, a leading bridge designer, had developed a revolutionary theory that allowed for an unusually graceful main span.
Moisseiff 是一位领先的桥梁设计师，他开发了一种革命性的理论，可以实现异常优雅的主跨。
It would stretch 4,200 feet, longer than any yet built.
它将延伸 4,200 英尺，比迄今为止建造的任何一座都长。
Unlike the famous Brooklyn Bridge, with its stout towers and rigid elements, the Golden Gate would be so flexible as to bow out sideways 27 feet in a strong wind.
与拥有坚固塔楼和刚性构件的著名布鲁克林大桥不同，金门大桥非常灵活，可以在强风中向侧面弯曲 27 英尺。
Alan Temko, Architectural Critic : Moisseiff was an artist and he approached this the way a poet approaches language.
Alan Temko，建筑评论家：Moisseiff 是一位艺术家，他以诗人对待语言的方式对待这一问题。
Much of it is intuitive.
其中大部分都是直观的。
It came as what the French call a coup de foudre, a lightning flash.
法国人称之为“coup de foudre”，即一道闪电。
John van der Zee : Moisseiff believed that up to half the stress caused by winds could be absorbed in a suspension bridge by the bridge cables and suspender ropes, and transmitted to the bridge towers and abutments.
John van der Zee：Moisseiff 认为，悬索桥中多达一半的风引起的应力可以被桥缆和吊索吸收，并传递到桥塔和桥台。
So if a bridge were designed to bend and sway with the winds, and flex, the suspended structure (the roadbed) would act as a counterweight and restore the bridge to equilibrium.
因此，如果一座桥梁被设计成能随风弯曲、摇摆和弯曲，那么悬挂结构（路基）将充当配重并使桥梁恢复平衡。
Narrator : Moissieff and Ellis struggled to see how far they could push the limits of theory and still end up with a bridge that would stand.
旁白：莫瓦西夫和埃利斯努力想看看他们能将理论的极限推到多远，但最终仍能建造一座能够屹立不倒的桥梁。
With Ellis in Chicago and Moissieff in New York, the telegram traffic between them was thick.
埃利斯在芝加哥，莫瓦西夫在纽约，他们之间的电报流量非常多。
"What do you consider maximum allowable deflection side span?" Chicago would ask.
“您认为最大允许偏转侧跨是多少？”芝加哥会问。
"Deflection side span six thousand," New York would answer.
“偏转边跨度六千，”纽约会回答。
Strauss was growing impatient.
施特劳斯越来越不耐烦了。
The bridge board still hadn't seen plans for its bridge, and Strauss put pressure on Ellis to deliver by June 1930.
桥梁委员会仍然没有看到桥梁的计划，施特劳斯向埃利斯施加压力，要求其在 1930 年 6 月之前交付。
Fred Apsey : Strauss did not understand the complexity of what Ellis was doing and how long it took.
Fred Apsey：施特劳斯不理解埃利斯所做的事情的复杂性以及需要多长时间。
Strauss even accused him of spending too much money.
施特劳斯甚至指责他花钱太多。
Well, when you're talking about a structure that has never been built in the world, something that is earthshaking in the engineering field, you don't hurry.
好吧，当你谈论世界上从未建造过的结构、工程领域惊天动地的东西时，你不必着急。
You do it right.
你做对了。
There's only one way.
只有一种方法。
Narrator : The light and color of San Francisco Bay and the Marin Headlands had long fascinated an obscure local architect named Irving Foster Morrow.
旁白：旧金山湾和马林岬的光线和色彩长期以来一直让当地一位默默无闻的建筑师欧文·福斯特·莫罗着迷。
Morrow, who usually designed houses, had never before worked on anything approaching the scale of the bridge.
莫罗通常设计房屋，但之前从未设计过接近这座桥规模的东西。
Alan Temko : Irving Morrow was scarcely known.
艾伦·特姆科：欧文·莫罗鲜为人知。
And Strauss hired him, I think, because he thought he could master him.
我认为施特劳斯雇用了他，因为他认为他可以掌握他。
Narrator : Morrow's imaginings of bridge towers with stunning art deco detail first began to take form in charcoal on paper.
旁白：莫罗对具有令人惊叹的装饰艺术细节的桥塔的想象首先开始在木炭纸上成形。
His architectural instincts were matched by an uncanny ability to handle the prickly Chief Engineer.
他的建筑本能与应对易怒的总工程师的不可思议的能力相匹配。
Alan Temko : Morrow, through just the most deft resistance to Strauss's ideas, gradually persuaded him to see the drama of the bridge.
艾伦·特姆科：莫罗通过对施特劳斯思想的最巧妙的抵制，逐渐说服他去看桥上的戏剧。
Strauss himself had the stupidest ideas of what a bridge could look like.
施特劳斯本人对桥梁的外观有着最愚蠢的想法。
And you know, he thought you'd paint them black too, so they wouldn't show dirt.
你知道，他认为你也应该把它们漆成黑色，这样它们就不会显出污垢。
Well, this isn't Chicago.
嗯，这不是芝加哥。
John van der Zee : The open spaces that again were in the original architectural treatment were turned by Morrow into these giant portals framing the sky.
John van der Zee：莫罗将原来的建筑处理中的开放空间变成了这些巨大的门户，框架了天空。
And he had this signature vertical fluting that he used in some of his residential architecture that he incorporated into the bridge...
他在他的一些住宅建筑中使用了这种标志性的垂直凹槽，并将其融入到桥梁中......
So that the bridge catches the light and changes with the sun as the sun moves throughout the day and around the year.
这样桥就能捕捉到光线，并随着太阳在一天中和一年中的移动而变化。
By incorporating light into the bridge, Morrow had turned it into a sculpture.
通过将光线融入桥梁，莫罗将其变成了一座雕塑。
Narrator : Later, Morrow would turn his attention to the bridge's color.
旁白：后来，莫罗将注意力转向了桥的颜色。
He tested different paint formulas, exposing metal panels to the salty weather of the gate.
他测试了不同的油漆配方，将金属板暴露在大门的咸味天气中。
The choices came down to carbon black, steel gray and morrow's personal favorite, a mixture he called international orange.
选择归结为炭黑、钢灰色和莫罗个人最喜欢的，他称之为国际橙色的混合物。
John van der Zee : There were differences of opinion.
John van der Zee：存在意见分歧。
The Navy felt it should be painted with yellow and black stripes, for visibility.
海军认为它应该涂上黄色和黑色条纹，以提高可见度。
They were still thinking of ordinary bridges.
他们还想着普通的桥梁。
Narrator : Morrow pursued the issue with Strauss until the Chief Engineer finally gave in.
旁白：莫罗向施特劳斯追问这个问题，直到总工程师最终让步。
Like Charles Ellis, he succeeded by quietly working around Strauss.
和查尔斯·埃利斯一样，他通过默默地围绕施特劳斯工作而取得了成功。
Kevin Starr : For Charles Ellis and Irving Morrow to have worked for Joseph Strauss was probably bad news and good news.
凯文·斯塔尔：对于查尔斯·埃利斯和欧文·莫罗来说，为约瑟夫·施特劳斯工作可能是坏消息也是好消息。
The bad news were-was, they worked for a commanding ego who wanted the credit.
坏消息是，他们为一个想要获得荣誉的居高临下的自我工作。
The good news was that they somehow worked for a commanding ego who saw in them, neither of whom had national reputations, the ability to achieve something spectacular, and who empowered them to that achievement.
好消息是，他们在某种程度上为一个居高临下的自我工作，这个自我在他们身上看到了，尽管他们俩都没有国家声誉，但他们有能力取得惊人的成就，并且赋予他们实现这一成就的能力。
Narrator : On August 27th, 1930, two months behind schedule, Joseph Strauss delivered his much anticipated report to the board of directors.
旁白：1930 年 8 月 27 日，比计划晚了两个月，约瑟夫·施特劳斯向董事会提交了他万众期待的报告。
At 285 pages, it was intended to answer the board's every question.
该文件长达 285 页，旨在回答董事会的每一个问题。
As a finishing touch, Strauss had added to his own credentials a "C.E.," or graduate certificate of engineering, a degree he never received.
作为画龙点睛之笔，施特劳斯在自己的证书中添加了“C.E”（工程学研究生证书），这是他从未获得过的学位。
Charles Ellis, who had done most of the design work, was listed merely as Strauss's chief assistant on the project, despite his signature as the preparer of every drawing.
完成了大部分设计工作的查尔斯·埃利斯（Charles Ellis）仅被列为施特劳斯在该项目中的首席助理，尽管他署名是每幅图纸的准备者。
Yet, it was soon clear to members of the bridge board who had done the work.
然而，桥接委员会的成员很快就清楚了是谁完成了这项工作。
Fred Apsey : While he was in San Francisco, people of the bridge commission, the engineers kept talking to Ellis directly.
Fred Apsey：当他在旧金山时，桥梁委员会的工程师们一直在直接与埃利斯交谈。
They would ask him questions on technical things.
他们会问他一些技术问题。
That started the distance between Ellis and Strauss.
埃利斯和施特劳斯之间的距离由此开始。
Narrator : Strauss ordered Ellis back to Chicago to finish his work.
旁白：施特劳斯命令埃利斯返回芝加哥完成他的工作。
But Ellis continued to obsess over the towers.
但埃利斯仍然对双塔着迷。
John van der Zee : Strauss kept urging Ellis to get on and finish the job, turn it over to someone else, get on with something else.
约翰·范德泽：施特劳斯不断敦促埃利斯继续完成工作，将其移交给其他人，继续做其他事情。
Ellis felt he couldn't do that since his signature was on the plans-that they had to be precisely accurate and guaranteed.
埃利斯觉得他不能这样做，因为他的签名在计划上——计划必须精确且有保证。
Narrator : Believing more labor spent on the towers was a waste of time and money, Strauss decided to replace Ellis.
旁白：施特劳斯认为在塔楼上花费更多的劳动力是浪费时间和金钱，因此决定取代埃利斯。
First, he ordered Ellis to take a vacation.
首先，他命令埃利斯休假。
Three days before his scheduled return, Strauss told him not to bother coming back.
在他预定返回的前三天，施特劳斯告诉他不必费心回来。
John van der Zee : Strauss fired Ellis, I believe, because there was a certain deep insecurity in Mr. Strauss's makeup.
约翰·范德泽：我相信施特劳斯解雇了埃利斯，因为施特劳斯先生的性格中存在某种深深的不安全感。
Work that Charles Ellis did was attributed to Strauss.
查尔斯·埃利斯所做的工作被认为是施特劳斯的。
Charles Ellis' role as the designing engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge disappeared from general view.
查尔斯·埃利斯作为金门大桥设计工程师的角色从公众的视野中消失了。
Narrator : In November 1930, San Francisco, like the rest of the nation, was sliding into the Great Depression.
旁白：1930 年 11 月，旧金山和美国其他地区一样，陷入了大萧条。
It was a difficult moment to ask voters to underwrite a major construction project, but that's exactly what the bridge board was proposing.
要求选民资助一项重大建设项目是一个困难的时刻，但这正是桥梁委员会的提议。
With the financial risks evident, the opposition came out in full force.
随着金融风险的凸显，反对派纷纷出动。
Kevin Starr : Shippers were opposed to the idea of the bridge.
凯文·斯塔尔：托运人反对修建这座桥的想法。
They thought it would get in the way of shipping.
他们认为这会妨碍运输。
The War Department was opposed to the bridge.
陆军部反对修建这座桥。
It thought that the bridge could collapse in wartime and block the San Francisco harbor.
它认为这座桥可能会在战时倒塌并堵塞旧金山港口。
The Sierra Club was opposed to the bridge on the- on environmental basis.
塞拉俱乐部出于环境原因反对修建这座桥。
And of course the Southern Pacific, a rather successful ferry system, was opposed to the bridge because it was going to cut into its business.
当然，南太平洋这个相当成功的渡轮系统也反对这座桥，因为它会削减其业务。
Narrator : Naysayers were quickly dubbed the "Old Guard," intent on tearing down the Bay Area's future.
旁白：反对者很快被称为“老卫士”，他们意图破坏湾区的未来。
With the promise of new jobs, voters approved the bonds by a 3-1 margin.
凭借新就业机会的承诺，选民以 3 比 1 的优势批准了该债券。
But the victory would be hollow if the bonds couldn't be sold.
但如果债券无法出售，那么胜利将是空洞的。
John van der Zee : No bond house, no bank would-would take the bridge bonds.
John van der Zee：没有债券公司、没有银行愿意接受过桥债券。
By the fall of 1932, they were desperate once again.
1932年秋，他们再次陷入绝望。
Narrator : By 1932, few civic leaders were projecting confidence, except for one.
旁白：到 1932 年，除了一位之外，很少有公民领袖表现出信心。
A.P.
美联社
Giannini, a first generation Italian-American, had graduated from his family's produce business to start a bank that grew to become the Bank of America.
贾尼尼是第一代意大利裔美国人，他从家族的农产品生意毕业后创办了一家银行，后来发展成为美国银行。
Giannini tackled the Great Depression head on, with slogans like "Back to Good Times," and "California can lead the nation." Desperate to find a buyer for the bridge bonds, Joseph Strauss decided to pay the banker a personal visit.
贾尼尼正面应对大萧条，提出了“回到美好时光”和“加州可以领导国家”等口号。约瑟夫·施特劳斯迫切希望为过渡债券找到买家，他决定亲自拜访这位银行家。
John van der Zee : Strauss and the directors went to the offices of A.P.
约翰·范德泽：施特劳斯和董事们去了 A.P. 的办公室。
Giannini.
贾尼尼.
They told him, "Nobody will lend us money.
他们告诉他：“没有人会借钱给我们。
If we can't get a loan to start construction, we're out of business." Giannini thought for a moment and then he said, "We need the bridge.
如果我们无法获得贷款来开始建设，我们就会破产。”贾尼尼想了一会儿，然后说：“我们需要这座桥。
We'll take the bonds."
我们将接受债券。”
Narrator : Giannini asked how long the bridge might last.
旁白：贾尼尼问这座桥能持续多久。
Without hesitation, Strauss replied, "Forever."
施特劳斯毫不犹豫地回答：“永远。”
Construction began in January 1933, with the excavation of three and a quarter million cubic feet of dirt to accommodate the bridge's massive anchorages, one on each side of the Gate.
施工于 1933 年 1 月开始，挖掘了三二十五万立方英尺的泥土，以容纳大桥的巨大锚地（大门两侧各一个）。
Twelve stories high, the anchorages had to be strong enough to secure 63 million pounds -- twice the pull of the bridges main cables.
十二层楼高的锚地必须足够坚固，能够承受 6300 万磅的重量——是桥梁主缆拉力的两倍。
By the hundred, men were hired on to do the dirty, back-breaking labor of working cement by hand.
到了数百人，人们被雇佣来手工从事肮脏、费力的水泥工作。
Word spread fast that there were jobs to be had building a bridge in San Francisco.
旧金山有建桥工作机会的消息很快传开。
Walter Vestnys, Iron Worker, Local 377 : Obviously there's not that many ironworker bridgemen that live in downtown San Francisco, so a lot of these people were boomers from Chicago and New York and, you know, other places.
Walter Vestnys，钢铁工人，本地 377：显然，居住在旧金山市中心的钢铁工人桥工并不多，所以其中很多人都是来自芝加哥和纽约以及其他地方的婴儿潮一代。
It was all handled through the ironworkers' local, 377.
这一切都是通过当地的钢铁工人电话 377 处理的。
No matter where you came from, you had to clear through the local, so in order to be a local person, you bought addresses and Social Security numbers from people that were local.
无论你来自哪里，你都必须通过当地人的通关，所以为了成为当地人，你从当地人那里购买了地址和社会安全号码。
Narrator : The bridge became a magnet for young men kicking around the west looking for work, like 25-year old Slim Lambert.
旁白：这座桥吸引了很多在西部寻找工作的年轻人，比如 25 岁的斯利姆·兰伯特 (Slim Lambert)。
Skip Lambert, Son of Slim Lambert : My dad had been a cowboy, stevedore, worked in a brick factory, done some lumberjacking....One day they're walking down the Embarcadero, trying to figure out their next move, and a fellow comes out of a construction office along the side of the road, and says, "Are you boys iron workers?
斯基普·兰伯特，斯利姆·兰伯特的儿子：我的父亲曾是一名牛仔、装卸工，在一家砖厂工作，干过一些伐木工作……有一天，他们沿着内河码头走，试图弄清楚他们的下一步行动，一个人从路边的建筑办公室里出来，说：“你们是钢铁工人吗？
Walter Vestnys : There was a lot of people wanted to get on that-that job.
Walter Vestnys：有很多人想从事那个工作。
And when they were asked, "Listen, have you ever been an ironworker?" "Yeah, I was born an ironworker.
当他们被问到：“听着，你曾经当过钢铁工人吗？” “是的，我生来就是一名钢铁工人。
I been an ironworker all my life."
我一生都是一名钢铁工人。”
Charles Kring : There were very few jobs in those days, and the best were the ones that got the jobs.
查尔斯·克林（Charles Kring）：那个时候工作机会很少，最好的就是那些找到工作的人。
And there was always somebody waiting at the base of the tower for someone to fall off so they'd get a job.
总有人在塔底等待有人掉下来，这样他们就能找到工作。
Richard Dillon : They were farm boys and clerks and taxicab drivers and things like that, who became high steel men.
理查德·狄龙：他们是农场男孩、职员、出租车司机之类的人，后来成为了钢铁侠。
So they were my heroes en masse, these guys that I see from the ferry boat, teetering along on a girder up there in the space.
所以他们是我的英雄，我在渡船上看到的这些人，在太空的大梁上摇摇欲坠。
Narrator : The towers would each be supported by a concrete foundation.
旁白：每座塔楼都由混凝土基础支撑。
Built at shore's edge, the Marin foundation was finished ahead of schedule.
马林地基建在海岸边，提前完工。
The San Francisco side was another story.
旧金山方面则是另一回事。
Mark Ketchum : The south tower of the Golden Gate Bridge, near San Francisco, is built over a thousand feet out into open ocean.
马克·凯彻姆：旧金山附近的金门大桥南塔建在距公海一千多英尺的地方。
And it was a tremendous construction challenge.
这是一个巨大的建设挑战。
Narrator : An eleven-hundred foot trestle was built out from the south shore into open water.
旁白：一座 1100 英尺高的栈桥从南岸延伸到开阔水域。
From there, divers set bombs to blast away rock for setting the piles.
从那里，潜水员放置炸弹炸掉岩石，以便打桩。
But the treacherous currents at the Gate afforded them very narrow windows of opportunity.
但大门处的险流给他们提供了非常狭窄的机会之窗。
Stephen Cassady, Author, Spanning the Gate : If you're going to send your divers down either to excavate or to do any underwater construction, you'll have an hour and 15 minutes a time, and you want to get the maximum out of them.
Stephen Cassady，《跨越大门》作者：如果您要派潜水员下去挖掘或进行任何水下施工，您每次将有 1 小时 15 分钟的时间，并且您希望充分利用他们。
Sometimes you're pulling them up before they're ready, and-and decompression could set in.
有时你在它们准备好之前就把它们拉起来，然后减压就开始了。
Narrator : Between the wind and the fog, the weather was relentless.
旁白：风和雾之间，天气无情。
The trestle was lost, first after it was rammed by a ship in the fog, then taken out by a storm.
栈桥先是在雾中被一艘船撞毁，后来又被暴风雨冲走，因此丢失了。
The result was a five-month delay.
结果延误了五个月。
To complicate matters, the Chief Engineer had gone missing.
使事情变得更加复杂的是，总工程师失踪了。
The bridge directors accused Strauss of shirking his duties, and said as much in the local papers.
桥梁负责人指责施特劳斯逃避职责，并在当地报纸上发表了同样的言论。
The decade-long fight to begin construction had drained the engineer, pyschologically and emotionally.
长达十年的开工斗争让工程师在心理和情感上都精疲力竭。
He had cleared every hurdle, but at a cost to his own health.
他清除了所有障碍，但代价是他自己的健康。
Stephen Cassady : Strauss disappeared for a period of 6 months.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：施特劳斯失踪了六个月。
Rumor put him in the Adirondacks, recovering from a nervous breakdown.
有传言称他在阿迪朗达克山脉，从精神崩溃中恢复过来。
Narrator : Strauss's office announced he was recuperating on a cruise through the panama canal.
旁白：施特劳斯的办公室宣布他正在穿越巴拿马运河的游轮上康复。
Strauss finally wired from New York, to say he was "beginning to feel like his old self," and would "return to San Francisco by leisurely stages." He neglected to mention he had left his long-time wife to marry a budding singer, nearly 20 years his junior.
施特劳斯最终从纽约发来电报，表示他“开始感觉回到了以前的自己”，并将“悠闲地返回旧金山”。他没有提及自己已经离开了相恋多年的妻子，嫁给了一位比他小近 20 岁的新晋歌手。
John van der Zee : He pretty much withdrew then to his apartment on Nob Hill, and oversaw the construction at a distance.
约翰·范德泽（John van der Zee）：然后他几乎撤退到他位于诺布山的公寓，并在远处监督施工。
Narrator : For most of the next two years, the Chief Engineer made only sporadic appearances at the construction site.
旁白：接下来两年的大部分时间里，总工程师只是零星地出现在施工现场。
Back home in Illinois, Charles Ellis, was consumed by the idea that there might be a flaw in the calculations for the bridge towers.
回到伊利诺伊州的家乡后，查尔斯·埃利斯 (Charles Ellis) 满脑子都是桥塔计算可能存在缺陷的想法。
Fred Apsey : Ellis sat down in his office, and he started to do the calculations again.
Fred Apsey：埃利斯坐在他的办公室里，他又开始计算。
And he went all through them.
他把这些都经历了。
And he found out that there were some of the areas that had been assumed, were not exactly right.
他发现有些假设的领域并不完全正确。
He did 5 months of work unpaid, because he felt so obligated to that project.
他做了 5 个月的无薪工作，因为他觉得自己对这个项目负有很大的责任。
Narrator : Ellis wrote a flurry of letters to Moissieff and the other consulting engineers, urging further study.
旁白：埃利斯给莫瓦西夫和其他咨询工程师写了一系列信，敦促进一步研究。
John van der Zee : He became obsessed with the towers.
约翰·范德泽：他对塔楼着迷。
He felt that the structure of the towers was unsafe, and finally a test of a model tower, while the bridge was being constructed, was undertaken at Princeton, largely under Moisseiff, to sort of assuage these feelings when it was decided that the tower design was satisfactory and safe.
他认为塔的结构不安全，最终在桥梁建造过程中，在普林斯顿大学进行了模型塔的测试，主要是在莫伊塞夫的领导下进行的，以在确定塔的设计令人满意且安全时缓解这些情绪。
Narrator : Moissieff would later lament that Ellis "Started on an incline plane and accelerates himself accordingly."
旁白：莫瓦西夫后来感叹埃利斯“从一个倾斜的平面开始，并相应地加速自己”。
Satisfied the towers would stand, the bridge's consulting engineers gave the go-ahead for work on the towers to begin.
大桥的咨询工程师对塔楼能够矗立感到满意，于是批准开始修建塔楼。
Two dramatic sculptures began to rise 745 feet in the air.
两座戏剧性的雕塑开始升到 745 英尺高的空中。
Each was composed of a collection of cells, 42 inches square and 35 feet high.
每个单元都由一组 42 英寸见方、35 英尺高的单元组成。
The first went up at the base of the Marin headlands, followed by a second that rose from a concrete foundation in the middle of the bay.
第一个建在马林岬角的底部，第二个建在海湾中部的混凝土地基上。
Workers marveled at the precision of the fit, which stood in place without a single rivet, if only temporarily.
工人们对装配的精确度感到惊讶，即使只是暂时的，也没有使用任何铆钉就可以固定到位。
Walter Vestnys : Rivet gangs normally speaking are organized.
Walter Vestnys：铆钉帮通常来说是有组织的。
Four men and the heater is usually the boss.
四个男人，而暖气通常是老板。
He had a small forge, and he had to heat those rivets and keep them just right.
他有一个小锻造厂，他必须加热这些铆钉并保持它们恰到好处。
They couldn't be too hot, they couldn't be too cold.
他们不能太热，也不能太冷。
And he had to have 2-inch ones and 2 and a half and 3-inch and when the catcher said, "I want a 3-inch rivet," and banged a can, look out, because that rivet- And they went "Zing!" just like a bullet.
他必须有 2 英寸、2 英寸半和 3 英寸的铆钉，当捕手说：“我想要一个 3 英寸的铆钉”，然后敲打罐子时，请注意，因为那个铆钉 - 然后他们发出“Zing！”的声音。就像子弹一样。
Boy, they- Scare hell out of you when that rivet is coming up there.
天哪，他们——当那颗铆钉升到那里时，吓死你了。
And you best catch it, and take it out, and you had to put it in fast.
你最好抓住它，把它拿出来，然后你必须快速把它放进去。
When the inspector comes along and he goes "ding-ding-ding," and he gets a "dong," that's a cutout.
当检查员出现时，他会发出“叮叮叮”的声音，然后听到“咚”的一声，这就被切断了。
And if there's too many cutouts, you're going down the road.
如果切口太多，你就会走下坡路。
Narrator : As concerned as Strauss was with speed and efficiency, he seemed determined not to build at the cost of human life.
旁白：尽管施特劳斯关心速度和效率，但他似乎决心不以牺牲人类生命为代价进行建设。
The bridge exposed workers to wind gusts up to 60 miles per hour.
这座桥使工人们暴露在时速高达 60 英里的阵风中。
There had been injuries and close calls, but in nearly forty-six months of construction, only a single worker had died.
虽然曾有人受伤，也曾有过千钧一发的情况，但在近四十六个月的施工过程中，只有一名工人死亡。
Walter Vestnys : The fog would come in and go out all day long.
Walter Vestnys：雾整天会时隐时现。
And the fog oftentimes is just like rain.
雾常常就像雨一样。
When it's wet, the iron is just like ice, it's ah pretty chancy when you have to walk around so much.
当它湿的时候，熨斗就像冰一样，当你不得不走来走去时，这真是太冒险了。
Skip Lambert : You had to be extremely careful when you were up high, because a gust could come along and literally blow you right off.
Skip Lambert：当你在高处时，你必须非常小心，因为一阵风可能会吹来，直接把你吹下来。
Narrator : Across the bay, the Oakland Bay Bridge had already seen 22 workers fall to their deaths.
旁白：海湾对面的奥克兰海湾大桥已经有22名工人坠落身亡。
Richard Dillon : And the old tradition was that you lose one life for every million dollars on a bridge project.
理查德·狄龙：古老的传统是，桥梁工程每投入一百万美元就会失去一个人的生命。
And this was a $35 million bridge, more or less.
这座桥梁或多或少耗资 3500 万美元。
So we should have lost 35 guys during the building.
所以我们应该在建造过程中损失 35 名人员。
Narrator : Whether out of genuine concern or concern for his image, Strauss proudly imposed one safety rule after another.
旁白：无论是出于真正的担忧还是出于对自己形象的担忧，施特劳斯自豪地制定了一项又一项安全规则。
Richard Dillon : He was probably the first of the hard hats to be used.
理查德·狄龙：他可能是第一个使用安全帽的人。
And they were leather: half football helmet, half hard hat in that day.
而且它们是皮革的：当时一半是橄榄球头盔，一半是安全帽。
He was probably the first to use the hard hats...
他可能是第一个使用安全帽的人......
Stephen Cassady : They had to wear safety lines.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：他们必须系上安全绳。
They always had been safety lines, but a lot of guys wouldn't wear them.
它们一直是安全绳，但很多人不会戴它们。
Well, in the Golden Gate Bridge, if you didn't wear one, you were fired.
好吧，在金门大桥，如果你不戴，你就会被解雇。
Walter Vestnys : I worked with a guy named Ed Walker, and he was a rotten, no-good S.O.B.
Walter Vestnys：我和一个叫 Ed Walker 的人一起工作，他是一个腐烂的、不怎么样的混蛋。
And his spit bounced.
他的口水弹了起来。
And he would fight anybody, and he was a tremendous ironworker.
他愿意与任何人战斗，而且他是一位出色的钢铁工人。
He stopped all the time.
他一直停了下来。
And Strauss fired him, because he wouldn't use a safety belt.
施特劳斯解雇了他，因为他不肯使用安全带。
Strauss told him, "Tie off there," and he told him go screw himself, and so Strauss had him fired right then.
施特劳斯告诉他，“系在那里，”他告诉他滚蛋，所以施特劳斯立即解雇了他。
Narrator : In the fall of 1935, the Roebling company was brought in to spin the bridge's cables.
旁白：1935 年秋天，罗布林公司被聘请来旋转桥梁的电缆。
Since the company's founders built the Brooklyn Bridge 52 years earlier, Roebling had greatly advanced cable spinning technology.
自公司创始人 52 年前建造布鲁克林大桥以来，罗布林就拥有非常先进的缆绳纺纱技术。
80,000 miles of wire had been delivered to the bridge site.
80,000 英里的电线已运抵桥址。
From narrow catwalks suspended between the towers, workers would weave and compress thousands of strands into two 36-inch main cables.
工人们从悬挂在塔楼之间的狭窄过道上将数千根线编织并压缩成两根 36 英寸的主缆。
Roebling had agreed to a tight schedule: finish the job within a year or lose money for each day it was over schedule.
罗布林同意严格的时间表：在一年内完成这项工作，否则每天都会因超出计划而损失金钱。
Mark Ketchum : The cable system is really the lifeline of a suspension bridge.
Mark Ketchum：缆索系统确实是吊桥的生命线。
It's responsible for carrying all of the load across that massive span, from the deck to the towers.
它负责承载从甲板到塔楼的巨大跨度的所有负载。
And that big cable that looks so solid when we see it today, was spun in place from individual wires that are each about the size of a pencil.
我们今天看到的那根大电缆看起来非常坚固，它是由每根铅笔大小的单根电线旋转而成。
A loop of wire is pulled out of this spool and taken across the top of the top-first tower, down over, across the top of the second tower, all the way to the second anchorage.
从该线轴中拉出一圈电线，穿过第一座塔的顶部，向下穿过第二座塔的顶部，一直到第二个锚地。
Then that spinning wheel picks up another wire from that end, and goes back and does the same thing all over again.
然后那个纺车从那一端拿起另一根电线，然后返回并再次做同样的事情。
Narrator : The spinning had to be precise, with fine adjustments constantly made so the cable would transfer the weight of the bridge to the anchorages as Ellis had specified.
旁白：旋转必须精确，不断进行微调，以便电缆能够按照埃利斯的指定将桥梁的重量转移到锚地。
Charles Kring : I was the inspecting engineer, supervising the spinning of the cables in the main span.
Charles Kring：我是检查工程师，负责监督主跨内电缆的旋转。
Had a little office right in the center of the bridge.
在桥的中心有一个小办公室。
My job was to see that they were ...
我的工作是看到他们...
spun to the proper lengths.
纺成适当的长度。
Their profit depended on spinning it as fast as possible.
他们的利润取决于尽可能快地旋转。
So the faster they could spin it, the more money they made.
因此，他们旋转得越快，赚的钱就越多。
Narrator : To beat the deadline, Roebling had to innovate.
旁白：为了赶在最后期限之前，罗布林必须进行创新。
Mark Ketchum : They speeded up the spinning process by working from both ends.
Mark Ketchum：他们通过从两端工作来加快纺纱过程。
So instead of just having one spinning wheel going from one end to the other and back again, they had two spinning wheels, meeting in the middle.
因此，他们不是只有一个纺车从一端到另一端然后再返回，而是有两个纺车在中间相遇。
This speeded up the process tremendously.
这极大地加快了这一过程。
Narrator : Roebling increased the pace again.
旁白：罗布林再次加快了步伐。
Soon, 25,000 wires were being bundled and compressed with hydraulic jacks to complete the main cables.
很快，25,000 根电线被用液压千斤顶捆绑和压缩，以完成主电缆。
On may 20, 1936, workers adorned the spinning wheel with flags and sent it across the gate one last time, pulling the very last wire behind it.
1936 年 5 月 20 日，工人们用旗帜装饰了纺车，最后一次将其送过大门，拉动了车后的最后一根电线。
The cables had been finished ahead of schedule, at a rate four times faster than had been considered possible.
电缆已提前完工，速度比原计划快四倍。
The following month, Joseph Strauss made a rare public pronouncement.
接下来的一个月，约瑟夫·施特劳斯罕见地发表了公开声明。
He revealed that he had ordered the most expensive, elaborate safety device ever conceived for a major construction site.
他透露，他已经为大型建筑工地订购了有史以来最昂贵、最精密的安全装置。
He was spending over $130,000 on a safety net, to be installed as work began on the bridge's roadbed.
他花费了超过 13 万美元购买安全网，该安全网将在大桥路基施工开始时安装。
Richard Dillon : What he did was to put this wonderful safety net under the entire bridge, so that people who fell would be saved.
理查德·狄龙：他所做的就是把这张奇妙的安全网放在整座桥的下面，这样跌倒的人就可以得救。
And he cantilevered it out.
他把它伸出来。
10 feet out on each side from the work space, so that he protected everybody.
距离工作空间两侧各 10 英尺，以便他保护每个人。
Skip Lambert : No matter how high up you were, and how hard you might have been blown off, you would still fall into the net.
Skip Lambert：无论你飞得有多高，无论被吹得多么猛烈，你仍然会掉进网里。
Narrator : Nineteen men tumbled into the net, each cheating death.
旁白：十九个人跌入网中，每人都骗死了。
They called themselves the halfway- to-hell-club.
他们称自己为半途而废的俱乐部。
The net became a morale - booster -- so much that workers had to be ordered not to jump into it on purpose.
这张网成为了士气的助推器，以至于不得不命令工人们不要故意跳进去。
For Strauss, the investment paid dividends.
对于施特劳斯来说，这项投资带来了红利。
Stephen Cassady : But the loss of life, the delays that would occur from men working slower because they had to be a bit more careful so they wouldn't fall, probably made the $130,000 a very economic innovation.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：但是，生命的损失，以及由于工作速度较慢的人因为必须更加小心才不会摔倒而导致的延误，可能使 130,000 美元成为一项非常经济的创新。
Strauss was smart that way.
施特劳斯在这方面很聪明。
Narrator : Strauss had to be smart.
旁白：施特劳斯必须很聪明。
he was determined to finish job before running out of money and the project was headed into its most dangerous phase-extending the roadway outward from the towers.
他决心在资金用完之前完成工作，该项目正进入最危险的阶段——将道路从塔楼向外延伸。
After two years, Slim Lambert looked forward to finishing the job.
两年后，斯利姆·兰伯特期待着完成这项工作。
He was foreman of a gang stripping away the wooden forms from the underside of the concrete roadway.
他是一个负责从混凝土道路底部拆除木模板的团伙的工头。
Skip Lambert : They were on an 11-ton platform that was kind of like an inverted railroad flat-car with these arms, called hangers, attached to rollers on a track above them.
Skip Lambert：他们位于一个 11 吨重的平台上，该平台有点像倒置的铁路平车，带有这些称为吊架的臂，连接到其上方轨道上的滚轮上。
Narrator : As it happened, that morning a team of safety inspectors had been brought in to look over the flat cars.
旁白：碰巧的是，那天早上，一队安全检查员被派来检查平板车。
Richard Dillon : And he didn't know it at the time, but there was an opposite one at the other- the San Francisco side, which had been condemned.
理查德·狄龙：当时他并不知道，另一边还有相反的一面——旧金山方面，受到了谴责。
One of the state inspectors had said, "This thing is not safe."
一位国家检查员说：“这东西不安全。”
Narrator : But word hadn't reached Lambert.
旁白：但是兰伯特还没有得到消息。
Richard Dillon : These guys heard this horrible sound of the ripping of metal.
理查德·狄龙：这些家伙听到了金属撕裂的可怕声音。
And you can't imagine what went through their- You can imagine, I guess, but...horrible.
你无法想象他们经历了什么——我想你可以想象，但是……太可怕了。
Skip Lambert : And then the entire staging let go, a number of bodies fell into the net and then the staging fell on top of them.
斯基普·兰伯特：然后整个舞台松开了，一些尸体落入网中，然后舞台落在他们身上。
My dad fell into the net backwards, head first.
我爸爸向后掉进网里，头先着地。
Stephen Cassady : You had noise, you had yelling, you had screaming, you had people hanging from girders.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：你有噪音，你有叫喊，你有尖叫，你有人挂在大梁上。
Yeah, all hell broke loose.
是的，一切都崩溃了。
Skip Lambert : The net's going down and he's hanging on, going down head first.
斯基普·兰伯特：球网正在下降，而他坚持住，头朝下。
And he realized that he had to reverse his position and land feet first to have any chance of surviving.
他意识到他必须改变位置并先落地才能有生存的机会。
When he landed in the water, he was feet first, perfectly vertical but he landed in the corner of the net.
当他落入水中时，他的脚先着地，完全垂直，但他落在了网的一角。
And the weight of the staging almost immediately took the net down.
舞台的重量几乎立刻就把网压垮了。
He thinks he went way, way down, and wiggling the whole time, and was able to break loose.
他认为自己已经往下坠了很远，一直在扭动，最后才得以挣脱。
When he got to the surface, one of his best friends, Fred Dümmatzen, surfaced.
当他到达地面时，他最好的朋友之一弗雷德·杜马岑（Fred Dümmatzen）浮出水面。
He was alive but unconscious.
他还活着，但失去知觉。
My dad with one arm was able to get some lumber under him, give him a little flotation, and then get his arm around him and hang onto him.
我的父亲只有一只手臂，可以在他身下垫一些木料，让他稍微漂浮一下，然后用手臂搂住他并抓住他。
Well, this was February.
嗯，这是二月。
And the water in the bay had to be maybe 50-52 degrees, just- At the outside, a fit person is supposed to last 20 minutes.
海湾里的水温大概是 50-52 度，只是——在外面，一个健康的人应该能坚持 20 分钟。
My dad was in the water for 30 to 40 minutes.
我爸爸在水里呆了30到40分钟。
Just as my dad was going to succumb to hypothermia, a crab boat came along.
正当我父亲因体温过低而快要死去时，一艘捕蟹船来了。
The man stopped and was able somehow, using extraordinary effort, to pull them onto the boat.
那人停了下来，用了非凡的力气，终于把他们拉上了船。
My dad had suffered a broken shoulder, broken collar bone, broken ribs, broken neck, broken back, and two horribly twisted ankles.
我父亲肩膀骨折，锁骨骨折，肋骨骨折，脖子骨折，背部骨折，两个脚踝严重扭伤。
So he was really busted up.
所以他真的是彻底崩溃了。
When they got to the hospital, he slowly thawed to the point where they could straighten his limbs out and x-ray him.
当他们到达医院时，他慢慢解冻，他们可以伸直他的四肢并给他拍X光片。
And then they-they found out how badly injured he was.
然后他们——他们发现他伤得有多严重。
When he got out of the hospital, he was an inch and a quarter shorter than before the accident.
当他出院时，他比事故发生前矮了一英寸又四分之一英寸。
So it had taken its toll.
所以它已经造成了损失。
My dad was haunted by the fact that they weren't picked up earlier.
我爸爸因为他们没有早点被接走而感到困扰。
He felt that if the Coast Guard had seen them and got to them, that Fred Dümmatzen might have lived.
他觉得如果海岸警卫队看到他们并找到他们，弗雷德·杜马岑可能就活了下来。
It always bothered him that he was regarded as a hero because he said, "I did nothing heroic.
他总是对自己被视为英雄感到困扰，因为他说：“我没有做任何英雄事。
I wanted to save my best friend's life, and I did the best that I could."
我想拯救我最好朋友的生命，我已尽力而为。”
Narrator : Slim Lambert was one of two men who survived the fall that day.
旁白：斯利姆·兰伯特是那天坠落的两名幸存者之一。
In all, ten bridgemen died.
总共有十名桥工死亡。
A tangle of net was hauled out from the waters, but most of the bodies were never found.
人们从水中打捞出了一团网，但大多数尸体都没有被发现。
The accident shattered Strauss's great safety record.
这次事故打破了施特劳斯的伟大安全记录。
Fingers pointed in many directions, including Strauss's, but nobody was ever found liable for the accident.
包括施特劳斯在内的许多人都将矛头指向了这起事故，但没有人被发现对这起事故负责。
Before long, building resumed.
不久，建筑又恢复了。
The bridge was finished on budget, sixteen years after Joseph Strauss first imagined it and seven years after Moissieff and Ellis proposed a graceful leap across an unprecedented space.
这座桥在预算内竣工，距约瑟夫·施特劳斯首次构想这座桥已经十六年，距莫瓦西夫和埃利斯提出跨越前所未有的空间的优雅飞跃七年之后。
Narrator : May 27, 1937, opening day.
旁白：1937 年 5 月 27 日，开幕日。
At dawn a crowd of people clustered at both ends of the Golden Gate Bridge.
黎明时分，金门大桥两端聚集了一群人。
The bay area came out en masse to inspect and celebrate its new icon.
湾区纷纷前来视察并庆祝其新地标。
Richard Dillon : My dad, on this May day, surprised me, with our very tight budget, with this beautiful black stetson felt cowboy hat and a gorgeous purple cowboy shirt, the kind of thing I saw on Saturdays at the movie house.
理查德·狄龙：在这个五一的日子里，我爸爸给了我一个惊喜，因为我们的预算非常紧张，他买了一顶漂亮的黑色斯泰森毛毡牛仔帽和一件华丽的紫色牛仔衬衫，就像我周六在电影院看到的那样。
Wedging our way through that crowd, we hiked the bridge.
我们挤过人群，登上了桥。
It was 200,002 people (my dad and myself) crowded onto this bridge.
这座桥上挤满了 200,002 个人（我爸爸和我自己）。
Stephen Cassady : It was a national event, an international event, airplanes flying over.
斯蒂芬·卡萨迪：这是一个全国性的事件，一个国际性的事件，飞机飞过。
Chaos.
混乱。
And as many people as could get to the site, seemed to get to the site and get themselves across.- the impossible accomplished, in such an efficient and glorious manner, was a legitimate cause for celebration.
尽可能多的人能够到达现场，似乎到达了现场并让自己明白了。——以如此高效和光荣的方式完成了不可能的任务，这是值得庆祝的正当理由。
Narrator : The day's highlight was to be a speech from the Chief Engineer himself.
旁白：今天的重头戏是总工程师本人的演讲。
But Joesph Strauss could hardly speak.
但乔斯夫·施特劳斯几乎说不出话来。
"This bridge needs neither praise nor eulogy," Strauss said.
“这座桥既不需要赞扬，也不需要悼词，”施特劳斯说。
"It speaks for itself."
“它不言自明。”
Mark Ketchum : He was honored as the creator of the bridge.
马克·凯彻姆：他被誉为这座桥的创造者。
But he was exhausted.
但他已经筋疲力尽了。
He only lived for a short time after the bridge was completed, and he wasn't that old.
桥建成后他只活了很短一段时间，年纪也不大了。
I think that one could argue that he probably shortened his life with this project.
我认为有人可能会说他可能因为这个项目而缩短了自己的寿命。
Narrator : Joseph Strauss went to Arizona to rest, but within a year of achieving his dream, he died of a stroke.
旁白：约瑟夫·施特劳斯前往亚利桑那州休养，但在实现梦想的一年内，他因中风去世。
Charles Ellis, who had poured his heart into the bridge, apparently never got to see his achievement in person.
查尔斯·埃利斯（Charles Ellis）为这座桥倾注了全部心血，但显然从未亲眼目睹过他的成就。
John van der Zee : He kept on the wall behind his desk a small framed photograph of the Golden Gate Bridge.
约翰·范德泽（John van der Zee）：他在办公桌后面的墙上挂了一张镶框的金门大桥小照片。
He told his students, "I designed every stick of steel in that bridge." He was quite firm about what he had done.
他告诉他的学生，“那座桥上的每一根钢棒都是我设计的。”他对自己所做的事情非常坚定。
He had the respect of people he respected, the people in the engineering community....
他得到了他所尊敬的人们的尊重，工程界的人们......
To my knowledge, he never came out and saw the bridge.
据我所知，他从未出来看到过这座桥。
He also believed his name was on it.
他还相信上面有他的名字。
He told his students, "My name is on the plaque." He believed that, or he needed to convince himself.
他告诉他的学生：“牌匾上有我的名字。”他相信这一点，或者说他需要说服自己。
Alan Temko : I think ordinary people feel the strength, the power, and ...
Alan Temko：我认为普通人感受到了力量、权力，并且......
the decisiveness of this great span.
这个伟大跨度的决定性。
It lifts up people's hearts.
它使人们的心振奋起来。
I've never failed to take people from elsewhere over the bridge without them just going, "Wow!"
我从来没有失败过带来自其他地方的人过桥，他们不会只是说“哇！”
Kevin Starr : Great works of art encode within themselves messages that are at once transcendent and enigmatic, mysterious.
凯文·斯塔尔：伟大的艺术作品在其内部编码了既超然又神秘的信息。
What does the Parthenon mean?
帕特农神庙是什么意思？
What does Beethoven's Ninth mean?
贝多芬第九交响曲的意义是什么？
What does Hamlet mean?
哈姆雷特的意思是什么？
The Golden Gate Bridge means many things.
金门大桥具有很多意义。
It means the victory of San Francisco over its environment.
这意味着旧金山对其环境的胜利。
It means San Francisco remains competitive.
这意味着旧金山仍然具有竞争力。
It means that people can cross the channel more easily.
这意味着人们可以更轻松地跨越海峡。
But it also means something else.
但它也意味着别的东西。
It celebrates in a mysterious way man's creativity and the joy and wonder of being on this planet.
它以一种神秘的方式庆祝人类的创造力以及存在于这个星球上的快乐和奇迹。
An interview with Prof. Andrew J.
安德鲁·J.教授专访
Dunar, who teaches history at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.
杜纳尔在亨茨维尔的阿拉巴马大学教授历史。
Joseph Strauss hoped to pursue a career in the arts, but he helped create one of the most famous bridges in the world.
约瑟夫·施特劳斯希望从事艺术事业，但他帮助建造了世界上最著名的桥梁之一。
Irving Morrow romanticized the Golden Gate long before he became a consulting architect on the bridge that would span it.
早在欧文·莫罗成为横跨金门大桥的咨询建筑师之前，他就已经将金门浪漫化了。
Charles Ellis would undertake the complex design calculations for the Golden Gate Bridge without an engineering degree.
查尔斯·埃利斯（Charles Ellis）无需工程学位即可承担金门大桥的复杂设计计算。
Latvian native Leon Moisseiff was so happy about living in America that he named one of his daughters Liberty.
拉脱维亚人莱昂·莫伊塞夫 (Leon Moisseiff) 对在美国的生活感到非常高兴，他给自己的一个女儿取名为“自由”(Liberty)。
A native of San Jose, California, Amadeo Peter Giannini became a true booster of the San Francisco region — and the financial guarantor of the Golden Gate Bridge.
阿马迪奥·彼得·贾尼尼 (Amadeo Peter Giannini) 出生于加利福尼亚州圣何塞，成为旧金山地区真正的推动者，也是金门大桥的财务担保人。
Despite the city's obvious need to expand, a number of San Franciscans opposed Joseph Strauss quest to build the Golden Gate Bridge.
尽管这座城市显然需要扩张，但许多旧金山人反对约瑟夫·施特劳斯建造金门大桥的要求。
The bridge effort enlisted men by the hundreds to do the filthy, back-breaking, and routinely dangerous labor.
这座桥梁的建设需要数百名工人从事肮脏、费力且通常很危险的工作。
None of the early designs were feasible, either from an engineering or economic standpoint.
无论从工程还是经济的角度来看，早期的设计都不可行。
but when Strauss presented his plans to city officials, however, San Francisco was ready.
但当施特劳斯向市政府官员提出他的计划时，旧金山已经准备好了。
The Golden Gate Bridge's builders introduced many innovations, but perhaps the most impressive was the precise and efficient technique they used to construct the massive cables.
金门大桥的建造者引入了许多创新，但也许最令人印象深刻的是他们用于建造巨型电缆的精确而高效的技术。
On Thursday, May 27, 1937, San Franciscans threw a "Fiesta" for their new bridge.
1937 年 5 月 27 日星期四，旧金山人为他们的新桥举行了一场“嘉年华”活动。
In 1848, San Francisco's population swells after a carpenter named John Marshall discovers gold in northern California.
1848 年，一位名叫约翰·马歇尔 (John Marshall) 的木匠在北加州发现金矿后，旧金山的人口激增。