Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind

On the morning of August 3, 1920, 46 year-old Jacob Mills shined his boots, polished his sword, and headed to Harlem to take part in one of the biggest parades in New York's history.

1920 年 8 月 3 日早上，46 岁的雅各布·米尔斯擦亮了靴子，擦亮了剑，前往哈莱姆区参加纽约历史上规模最大的游行之一。

As a young boy to see my father in the parade was one of the greatest things in the world.

作为一个小男孩，在游行中看到我的父亲是世界上最伟大的事情之一。

I would be right there to see him put on his tunic and I loved to see that sword that he carried.

我会在那里看到他穿上外衣，我喜欢看到他携带的那把剑。

It really made me feel very proud of him.

这确实让我为他感到非常自豪。

Mills was one of a hundred thousand black people marching under the red, black, and green flag of the Universal Negro Improvement Association.

米尔斯是在全球黑人进步协会的红、黑、绿旗帜下游行的十万黑人之一。

The world had had never seen anything like it.

世界上从未见过这样的事情。

It was all the work of one man -- Marcus Garvey.

这一切都是一个人的工作——马库斯·加维。

Every window that you looked at, people's heads were out, to see the Marcus Garvey parade.

你看到的每一扇窗户，人们都伸出头来观看马库斯·加维的游行。

Most of them wanted to see Marcus Garvey and he was very well decorated, his hats, and the feathers, but he drove always in his automobile, sitting back.

他们中的大多数人都想见马库斯·加维，他的装饰非常精美，他的帽子和羽毛，但他总是开着自己的汽车，坐在后面。

At the age of 34, Garvey claimed millions of followers worldwide.

34 岁时，加维在全球拥有数百万粉丝。

His controversial goal to create an independent black nation made him one of the most powerful people in America -- and one of the most hated.

他创建一个独立黑人国家的颇具争议的目标使他成为美国最有权势的人之一，也是最令人憎恨的人之一。

The federal government targeted him as a threat to national security.

联邦政府将他视为对国家安全的威胁。

Rival black leaders denounced him as a lunatic, and a traitor to the race.

竞争对手的黑人领袖谴责他是疯子和种族叛徒。

But Garvey may have been his own worst enemy.

但加维可能是他自己最大的敌人。

He wasn't one to take advice from others kindly.

他不是一个善意听取别人建议的人。

He made his own decisions and he would rise or fall by the decisions that he made, because he was a supreme egotist.

他自己做出决定，他的兴衰也会因他所做的决定而上升或下降，因为他是一个至高无上的利己主义者。

Volatile and secretive, yet charismatic and visionary, Marcus Garvey changed forever the way black Americans looked at themselves and the world.

马库斯·加维反复无常、神秘莫测，但又魅力非凡、富有远见，他永远改变了美国黑人看待自己和世界的方式。

He started something that became bigger than Garvey himself.

他开始了一些比加维本人更伟大的事情。

He, more than any other figure in the twentieth century, symbolizes the turning of the perception of Black people into something positive.

他比二十世纪的任何其他人物都更象征着黑人观念转变为积极的事物。

Garvey's father was a mason, a professional mason, and among the things that he did was to, ah, create tombs for people in the St. Anne's Bay graveyard.

加维的父亲是一名泥瓦匠，一名职业泥瓦匠，他所做的事情之一就是，啊，在圣安妮湾墓地为人们建造坟墓。

He took Garvey with him to the grave yard one day and they were digging this grave and his father had Garvey go down inside the grave, but then he pulled the ladder up and left the child in the bottom of the grave.

有一天，他带着加维去了坟场，他们正在挖这个坟墓，他的父亲让加维下去坟墓里，但随后他把梯子拉了上来，把孩子留在了坟墓的底部。

Garvey said that he cried out and his father wouldn't let him get back up out of the grave.

加维说，他哭了，他的父亲不让他从坟墓里爬起来。

He wanted to teach him a lesson.

他想给他一个教训。

Alone in the grave, young Marcus Garvey learned that he could rely on no one but himself.

年轻的马库斯·加维独自一人躺在坟墓里，他意识到除了自己之外，他不能依靠任何人。

It was a lesson he would carry for the rest of his life.

这是他终生铭记的一课。

Marcus Garvey was born in August of 1887, in St. Ann's Bay, a small town on the northern coast of Jamaica.

马库斯·加维 (Marcus Garvey) 1887 年 8 月出生于牙买加北部海岸的小镇圣安湾。

His father, who had been born a slave, withdrew from the family for days at a time and insisted his wife and two children address him at all times as "Mister Garvey."

他的父亲出身为奴隶，曾一度离开家庭好几天，并坚持要求他的妻子和两个孩子始终称呼他为“加维先生”。

My grandfather was a very stubborn man who had to have his way, who was quite retiring too.

我的祖父是一个非常固执的人，必须按自己的方式行事，他也很退休。

He used to have a strange way about him.

他曾经有一种奇怪的态度。

He used to have his own little apartment off the main house where they lived and he would be by himself there reading a lot.

他过去在他们居住的主楼旁边有自己的小公寓，他会一个人在那里读书。

Now if you look at it the difference between,-- Marcus Garvey was like that himself too.

现在，如果你看看两者之间的区别，-- 马库斯·加维本人也是这样。

He liked to be by himself.

他喜欢一个人呆着。

Garvey's mother raised crops, and, like many women of her time, cooked for a white family to support her own.

加维的母亲种植庄稼，并且像她那个时代的许多女性一样，为一个白人家庭做饭来养活自己。

But Sara Jane Richards wanted more for her only surviving son than a life of common labor in the banana fields.

但萨拉·简·理查兹希望她唯一幸存的儿子能过上香蕉地里普通劳动的生活。

As a boy, Garvey imagined himself delivering speeches to adoring crowds.

作为一个男孩，加维想象自己向崇拜的人群发表演讲。

He spent hours reading, and even bet his friends they couldn't pick a single word from the dictionary that he didn't know.

他花了几个小时阅读，甚至和他的朋友打赌，他们不能从字典中挑出一个他不认识的单词。

The young Garvey had ambition.

年轻的加维有雄心壮志。

He wanted to get out of St. Anne's Bay.

他想离开圣安妮湾。

Later he said he dreamt of becoming the "first gentleman in the world".

后来他说他梦想成为“世界第一绅士”。

And it seemed as if, he early on, developed this interest in a kind of dramatic, ahm, epic story of himself in which he would play a leading part.

看起来，他很早就对自己的一种戏剧性、嗯、史诗般的故事产生了兴趣，他将在其中扮演主角。

But Garvey's grand ambitions were tempered by reality.

但加维的宏伟抱负却被现实所削弱。

As children, blacks and whites mixed easily in his community.

小时候，黑人和白人很容易在他的社区中混在一起。

One of his closest friends was a white neighbor, Joyce Rerrie.

他最亲密的朋友之一是白人邻居乔伊斯·雷里 (Joyce Rerrie)。

But as they became teenagers, her father put an end to the friendship.

但当他们成为青少年时，她的父亲结束了这段友谊。

At the age of 14, she was sent away to England and told never to speak to him because he was a "nigger".

14岁时，她被送往英国，并被告知永远不要与他说话，因为他是一个“黑鬼”。

And he said that's the first time that he heard and became aware of this idea of being black and what it meant.

他说这是他第一次听到并意识到黑人的想法及其含义。

He felt shut out.

他感觉自己被拒之门外。

He felt that he was excluded and made to feel that he was not good enough, and the rest of his life was really an attempt to prove that he was just as good as anyone else in the world.

他觉得自己被排除在外，觉得自己不够好，他的余生实际上是在试图证明自己和世界上其他人一样好。

Under the colonial education system, Garvey was forced to leave school at the age of 14.

在殖民教育制度下，加维14岁时被迫退学。

He became a printer's apprentice, and quickly earned the status of master printer.

他成为印刷工的学徒，并很快获得了印刷大师的地位。

In the printshop, he learned the power of controlling the written word and published his first newspaper, 'Garvey's Watchman'.

在印刷厂，他学会了控制文字的力量，并出版了他的第一份报纸《加维的守望者》。

In 1910, 23 year-old Marcus Garvey set out on a journey through Central America.

1910年，23岁的马库斯·加维踏上了穿越中美洲的旅程。

Supporting himself as a journalist and laborer, Garvey saw black workers harvesting plantations, loading ships, and building the Panama Canal.

加维以记者和工人的身份养活自己，他看到黑人工人收割种植园、装载船只和修建巴拿马运河。

They were the power behind the economy, but in their isolation from each other, black people were powerless.

他们是经济背后的力量，但在彼此孤立的情况下，黑人却无能为力。

In 1914, he came upon the book that would change his life.

1914年，他偶然发现了这本书，这本书改变了他的生活。

Marcus Garvey's reading of Booker T.

马库斯·加维 (Marcus Garvey) 阅读布克·T.

Washington's, 'Up From Slavery', was an eye-opener to him and pointed the way to his conclusion, which remained with him throughout his life, that the situation facing black people was a global one.

华盛顿的《摆脱奴隶制》让他大开眼界，并为他的结论指明了道路，这一结论一直伴随着他一生，即黑人面临的处境是全球性的。

"I was determined that the black man would not continue to be kicked about, as I had seen in Central America, and as I read of it in America.

“我下定决心，黑人不会继续被踢，就像我在中美洲看到的那样，以及我在美国读到的那样。

Where is the black man's government?

黑人政府在哪里？

Where is his King and his kingdom?

他的国王和他的王国在哪里？

Where is his President, his country, his men of big affairs?

他的总统、他的国家、他的大事人物在哪里？

I could not find them, and then I declared, 'I will help to make them.' My brain was afire."

我找不到它们，然后我宣布：“我会帮忙制作它们。”我的大脑着火了。”

As he sailed for home, Garvey's grand vision for himself and for the world clicked into place: he would unify black people scattered across the globe, and he would be their leader.

当他启航回家时，加维对自己和世界的宏伟愿景逐渐实现：他将团结分散在全球各地的黑人，他将成为他们的领袖。

Back in Kingston, he attended a debate and noticed an attractive 17- year old named Amy Ashwood.

回到金斯敦后，他参加了一场辩论，并注意到了一位名叫艾米·阿什伍德 (Amy Ashwood) 的 17 岁女孩。

When Ashwood took to the stage and delivered a powerful political speech, Garvey knew he had found a kindred spirit.

当阿什伍德走上舞台发表强有力的政治演讲时，加维知道他找到了志同道合的人。

He approached her later that evening as they rode home on a trolley.

那天晚上晚些时候，当他们乘电车回家时，他接近了她。

"At last I have met the star of my destiny," Garvey exclaimed.

“我终于见到了我的命运之星，”加维感叹道。

And she says if you are my Napoleon.

她说如果你是我的拿破仑。

And they make a pledge that they would remain together and forge what would become the Universal Negro Improvement Association and they launch it together in August of 1914.

他们承诺将继续团结在一起，组建后来的“普遍黑人进步协会”，并于 1914 年 8 月共同发起成立。

With the motto 'One God, One Aim, One Destiny', the Universal Negro Improvement Association stressed race pride and sought backers for an industrial training school modeled on Booker T.

世界黑人进步协会的座右铭是“一个上帝，一个目标，一个命运”，强调种族自豪感，并为一所以布克·T·肯尼迪为蓝本的工业培训学校寻求支持。

Washington's 'Tuskegee Institute'.

华盛顿的“塔斯基吉研究所”。

Garvey and Ashwood attracted a small, loyal following.

加维和阿什伍德吸引了一小部分忠实的追随者。

But there was trouble from the beginning: Garvey created enemies by attacking established leaders.

但从一开始就有麻烦：加维通过攻击既定的领导人而树敌。

He wouldn't tolerate the slightest dissent from UNIA members.

他不会容忍UNIA成员有丝毫异议。

And he was a disastrous money manager, using contributions to the school to pay for his own living expenses.

他是一个灾难性的资金管理者，用对学校的捐款来支付自己的生活费用。

When his few supporters clamored for an accounting, 29 year-old Garvey decided to leave town.

当他的少数支持者大声要求会计时，29 岁的加维决定离开这座城市。

He hired himself out on the crew of the S.S.

他受聘加入 S.S. 号船员。

Tallac, and in the spring of 1916, he left Amy Ashwood behind and set sail alone for New York City.

塔拉克，1916 年春天，他抛下艾米·阿什伍德，独自启航前往纽约。

His ideas had failed in Jamaica.

他的想法在牙买加失败了。

But they would find new life in America.

但他们会在美国找到新的生活。

When Garvey comes to the United States, Harlem is a throbbing, bubbling, exciting place.

当加维来到美国时，哈莱姆区是一个令人悸动、沸腾、令人兴奋的地方。

These are fantastic buildings, apartments.

这些都是很棒的建筑、公寓。

The street life is abundant.

街头生活丰富多彩。

This is a fast-moving and a very affluent world, and it's a -- it's a whole new world.

这是一个快速发展且非常富裕的世界，这是一个全新的世界。

Garvey quickly found lodging with a Jamaican family in Harlem and got a job as a printer.

加维很快在哈莱姆区的一个牙买加家庭找到了住处，并找到了一份印刷工的工作。

A.

A.

Philip Randolph, editor of the influential 'Messenger' magazine, heard about the young agitator from Jamaica and arranged for Garvey to deliver his first formal lecture in the United States.

颇具影响力的《信使》杂志编辑菲利普·伦道夫听说了这位来自牙买加的年轻煽动者的事迹，并安排加维在美国进行他的第一次正式演讲。

Garvey printed his own handbills, referring to himself as the "Honorable" Marcus Garvey.

加维印刷了自己的传单，称自己为“尊敬的”马库斯·加维。

He painstakingly rehearsed his speech, just as he had as a boy.

他像小时候一样，煞费苦心地排练演讲。

But when Garvey rose to address the audience, his confidence shattered.

但当加维站起来向观众讲话时，他的信心崩溃了。

He spoke with a tremor and shook like a leaf.

他说话时浑身颤抖，像一片树叶一样颤抖。

It seems that Garvey was anxious, he was nervous, he was heckled.

看来加维很焦虑，他很紧张，他也很质问。

He at one point in his address lost his balance and fell off the stage, fell into the audience.

他在演讲中一度失去平衡，从舞台上摔下来，跌入观众席。

He literally fell on his face.

他真的是脸朝下摔倒了。

What he had hoped would be a - a great sort of coming out turned into this humiliation.

他原本希望的——一种伟大的出柜结果变成了这种耻辱。

Crushed by the failure of his American debut, Garvey wandered into the Tabernacle Church of Reverend Billy Sunday, a white evangelist who attracted massive crowds to revival meetings.

由于在美国首次亮相的失败，加维徘徊在比利·桑迪牧师的会幕教堂，他是一位白人福音传教士，吸引了大量人群参加复兴聚会。

Billy Sunday was the granddaddy, the man who really created the 20th century revival figure, revivalist preacher figure in the United States.

比利·桑迪是祖父，他真正创造了20世纪的复兴派人物，美国的复兴派传教士人物。

Garvey quickly takes on Billy Sunday's speaking style.

加维很快就模仿了比利·周日的说话风格。

Very athletic, very, intense, moving a lot, and Garvey would refashion his oratory in keeping with the model of Billy Sunday.

非常有运动能力，非常非常激烈，非常感人，加维会按照比利·桑迪的模式重塑他的演讲。

With renewed confidence in his power to move an audience, Garvey set out for a year-long tour of thirty-eight states.

加维对自己感动观众的能力重新充满信心，开始了为期一年的三十八个州的巡演。

His mission was still to raise money for a vocational school in Jamaica.

他的任务仍然是为牙买加的一所职业学校筹集资金。

But along the way, Garvey got a first-hand look at the contradiction of race in America: the stunning potential of the most affluent black population in the world, alongside the degradation of Jim Crow and the horrors of lynching.

但一路走来，加维亲眼目睹了美国的种族矛盾：世界上最富裕的黑人人口的惊人潜力，以及吉姆·克劳法的堕落和私刑的恐怖。

When we'd walk along the plank walks -- they didn't have sidewalks here in New Orleans at that time -- but you would walk along the plank walk, but if a white person came along, no matter who it was, a white child, a white man, a white woman -- if they came along, you had to get off the plank walk and stand in the mud until they passed.

当我们沿着木板路行走时——当时新奥尔良没有人行道——但你会沿着木板路行走，但如果有一个白人走过来，不管是谁，一个白人孩子、一个白人男人、一个白人女人——如果他们走过来，你就必须离开木板路，站在泥里直到他们过去。

You was oppressed and depressed and disgusted that you were born in the wrong race of people because of your color.

你因为自己的肤色而出生在错误的种族中，因此感到压抑、沮丧和厌恶。

Whatever was left, that's what you got.

无论剩下什么，这就是你所得到的。

Only what was left.

只剩下什么了。

And we were at the lowest ebb at that time.

而我们当时正处于最低潮。

The black people was.

黑人是。

On July 2, 1917, just months after America's entry into World War I, the city of East St. Louis exploded in the worst racial rioting the country had ever seen.

1917 年 7 月 2 日，就在美国加入第一次世界大战几个月后，东圣路易斯市爆发了该国有史以来最严重的种族骚乱。

Thirty-nine whites and hundreds of African Americans were killed.

三十九名白人和数百名非裔美国人被杀。

So even by American standards, East St. Louis was a horror.

因此，即使按照美国的标准，东圣路易斯也是一个恐怖的地方。

W.E.B.

W.E.B.

DuBois, leader of the NAACP and supporter of integration, led a Silent March in response to the massacre.

全国有色人种协进会领导人和一体化支持者杜波依斯领导了一场无声游行，以回应大屠杀。

But to Garvey, this was no time for silence.

但对加维来说，现在不是沉默的时候。

It was time for black people to get together and fight back.

是时候让黑人团结起来反击了。

He spoke out at an emergency meeting in Harlem.

他在哈莱姆区的一次紧急会议上发表了讲话。

"The whole thing my friends is a bloody farce, that the police and soldiers did nothing to stem the murder thirst of the mob is conclusive proof of conspiracy on the part of the civil authorities to condone the acts of the white mob against Negroes.

“我的朋友们，整件事是一场血腥的闹剧，警察和士兵没有采取任何行动来阻止暴徒的谋杀欲望，这是民政当局纵容白人暴徒针对黑人的行为的阴谋的确凿证据。

White people are taking advantage of black men today because black men all over the world are disunited."

今天白人正在利用黑人，因为世界各地的黑人不团结。”

It is that speech that marks the turning point of Garvey away from Jamaica, away from a preoccupation with matters related to the West Indies and now he's not looking for support for what he is hoping to accomplish in the West Indies, but, rather, he is now sucked into the vortex of American race relations.

正是那次演讲标志着加维的转折点，他离开了牙买加，不再关注与西印度群岛有关的事务，现在他不再为他希望在西印度群岛实现的目标寻求支持，而是陷入了美国种族关系的漩涡。

Garvey opened the first American division of the UNIA in September of 1917.

加维于 1917 年 9 月成立了 UNIA 的第一个美国分部。

Just as he had in Jamaica, Garvey distinguished himself by calling established black leaders weak and self-serving.

正如他在牙买加所做的那样，加维因称知名黑人领袖软弱且自私而出名。

Even though I had a great deal of admiration for W.E.B.

尽管我非常钦佩 W.E.B.

DuBois and A.

杜波依斯和 A.

Philip Randolph and -- and -- and other black leaders of the time, I thought that their approach to our problems was too doggoned tame!

菲利普·伦道夫和——还有——以及当时的其他黑人领导人，我认为他们解决我们问题的方法太顽固了！

And that we -- we needed to -- to -- to have that attitude of Marcus Garvey, that stand up on your feet and be ready to defend your manhood at -- at at all times.

我们——我们需要——拥有马库斯·加维那样的态度，站起来，随时准备捍卫你的男子气概。

And all of a sudden this golden voice from the Caribbean came and stood on the corners in Harlem and began to talk about self-esteem, holding up your back bone, you know, no wish bones.

突然间，这个来自加勒比海的金色声音传来，站在哈莱姆区的角落里，开始谈论自尊，挺起你的脊梁骨，你知道，没有愿望骨头。

And Mr. Garvey gave them hope that there was a dream for black people.

加维先生给了他们希望，黑人有梦想。

Garvey told black Americans that their history did not begin with slavery.

加维告诉美国黑人，他们的历史并非始于奴隶制。

Africa's glorious past was also theirs to claim, he said, and people who had once done great things could do them again.

他说，非洲辉煌的过去也是他们的，曾经做过伟大事情的人们可以再做一次。

Garvey's message was revolutionary because at that time it told black people that they had to unite, they had to come together as one to -- ah, and believe in -- in their roots, that they came from -- from something greater than they were told.

加维的信息是革命性的，因为当时它告诉黑人，他们必须团结起来，他们必须团结起来——啊，相信——他们的根源，他们来自——来自比他们被告知的更伟大的事物。

To begin with, Africa was called the "Dark Continent".

首先，非洲被称为“黑暗大陆”。

And the pictures that, we got of Africa in those days were cannibals running around in the jungles, puttin' people in pots.

那时我们看到的非洲照片是食人者在丛林里跑来跑去，把人放进锅里。

Garvey changed all of that.

加维改变了这一切。

"I am the equal of any white man.

“我与任何白人平等。

I want you to feel the same way.

我希望你也有同样的感觉。

We have come now to the turning point of the Negro where we have changed from the old cringing weakling and transformed into full grown men demanding our portion as men."

我们现在已经到了黑人的转折点，我们已经从过去畏缩的弱者转变为成熟的男人，要求我们作为男人的一份子。”

He left the impression, ah, that, ahm, the only way there could be a difference in -- in the way black people, people of African descent, could be treated would be for them to have a powerful nation of their own.

他留下的印象是，啊，嗯，对待黑人、非洲人后裔的唯一方式是让他们拥有一个强大的自己的国家。

Garvey toured the country again, this time initiating UNIA branches in big cities and small towns.

加维再次巡演全国，这一次在大城市和小城镇设立了 UNIA 分支机构。

Sunday meetings of the UNIA soon attracted thousands.

UNIA 的周日会议很快就吸引了数千人。

A Garvey meeting was a day-long family affair; half political rally and half religious revival.

加维会议是为期一天的家庭事务。一半是政治集会，一半是宗教复兴。

The first time I went to, ah, a Garvey meeting was a Sunday afternoon in November of 1900-and-ah-19.

我第一次参加加维会议是在 1900 年 11 月和 19 年的一个周日下午。

-- That was the first time I had heard the message of the UNIA.

——那是我第一次听到UNIA的消息。

The day I met Marcus Garvey was one of the most exciting days of my life.

我遇见马库斯·加维的那天是我一生中最激动人心的日子之一。

It was filled with anticipation from the early earliest part of the day because I knew that I was going with my father to meet Marcus Garvey.

从一早起我就充满了期待，因为我知道我要和父亲一起去见马库斯·加维。

And when Garvey came in the door, everybody stood up in one accord and said, "Speak, Garvey, speak!" And it was just like a hush on the room.

当加维进门时，大家齐声站起来，说道：“说吧，加维，说吧！”房间里一片寂静。

He said that the pen is mightier than the sword but the tongue is mightier than them both put together.

他说，笔比剑更强大，但舌头比两者加起来更强大。

Before addressing the crowd, Garvey would inhale through a perfumed handkerchief to focus his concentration.

在向人群发表讲话之前，加维会用一块喷过香水的手帕吸气，以集中注意力。

The man who once shook like a leaf on-stage could now hold an audience spellbound.

曾经在舞台上像树叶一样颤抖的男人现在可以让观众着迷。

When he spoke, it was as if you were speaking yourself.

当他说话时，就好像你在说话一样。

It was not like somebody speaking to you, but like he was you, or you was he.and it just was a connected link and it was somethin' like fire, like lightnin', like something that went through everybody at the same time.

这不像有人对你说话，而是就像他就是你，或者你就是他。这只是一个连接的链接，就像火，就像闪电，就像同时穿过每个人的东西。

"Be as proud of your race today as our fathers were in the days of yore.

“就像我们的父辈在过去的日子一样，为今天的种族感到自豪。

We have a beautiful history.

我们有一段美好的历史。

And we shall create another in the future that will astonish the world.

未来我们将创造另一个让世界震惊的事物。

I can advise no better step toward racial salvation than organization among us.

我无法建议比我们之间的组织更好的种族拯救步骤。

We have been harassed, trampled upon, and made little of because of our unfortunate condition of disorganization.

由于我们不幸的组织混乱的状况，我们受到骚扰、践踏和轻视。

Our racial program of today is a united, emancipated and improved people".

我们今天的种族纲领是团结、解放和进步的人民”。

Garvey took black folk who were, ah, assaulted by a variety of very unfortunately negative images of themselves and made them believe in themselves, made them see physical beauty in themselves.

加维让黑人，啊，受到各种非常不幸的负面形象的攻击，让他们相信自己，让他们看到自己的身体美。

Made them see the need to interpret and write their own history.

让他们看到有必要解释和书写自己的历史。

In that sense, Garvey sold the Negro to himself.

从这个意义上说，加维把黑人卖给了自己。

With 35 cents, a photograph, and a pledge to support Garvey's nation-building program, any person of African descent could join the Universal Negro Improvement Association.

只需 35 美分、一张照片并承诺支持加维的国家建设计划，任何非洲人后裔都可以加入普遍黑人进步协会。

Garvey's genius was to transform cooks, maids, and workmen with the pride that comes with a title and a uniform.

加维的天才在于让厨师、女佣和工人获得头衔和制服带来的自豪感。

"Always think yourself a perfect being," he wrote, "and be satisfied with yourself."

“永远认为自己是一个完美的人，”他写道，“并对自己感到满意。”

You would almost see them -- metamorph into something else.

你几乎会看到它们——变形为其他东西。

You would see it.

你会看到的。

They'd suddenly get very tall because the smallest man in the uniform still looked like a giant.

他们会突然变得很高，因为穿着制服的最小的人仍然看起来像一个巨人。

I can tell you that from experience.

我可以根据经验告诉你这一点。

They were gorgeous.

他们很漂亮。

The black men were gorgeous.

黑人很漂亮。

Jacob Samuel Mills, a master carpenter from St. Kitts, had come to Harlem in 1910.

雅各布·塞缪尔·米尔斯 (Jacob Samuel Mills) 是一位来自圣基茨的木匠大师，于 1910 年来到哈莱姆区。

But barred from the all-white carpenters' union, he could only find work as a janitor.

但由于被禁止加入全白人木匠工会，他只能找到一份看门人的工作。

My father joined the Garvey movement because he thought it was something for the advancement of black people.

我父亲加入加维运动是因为他认为这是为了黑人进步而做的事情。

And every Sunday afternoon when he was through with his work, he would put his uniform on.

每个周日下午，当他完成工作后，他都会穿上制服。

He felt very proud when he wore that uniform.

当他穿上那件制服时，他感到非常自豪。

He would wear it on the trolley car and -- let everybody look at it and talk, if they wanted to talk.

他会把它戴在有轨电车上——让每个人都看着它并说话，如果他们想说话的话。

But that was Captain Mills.

但那是米尔斯船长。

The effect of the uniform on everyone who saw it was electrifying, but especially on white people.

制服对每个看到它的人来说都是令人震惊的，尤其是对白人来说。

(Laughs) I heard white women fainted.

（笑）我听说白人女性晕倒了。

(Laughs) -- When we had the big parades going down Fifth Avenue, they would just fall out.

（笑）——当我们沿着第五大道举行大型游行时，他们就会摔倒。

The UNIA had something for everyone.

UNIA 适合每个人。

For men, there was the African Legion.

对于男性来说，有非洲军团。

For young people, the Juvenile division.

对于青少年来说，少年组。

And in the Black Cross Nurses and the Universal Motor Corps, the Garvey movement offered black women a place of their own.

在黑人十字护士和环球汽车军团中，加维运动为黑人女性提供了自己的一席之地。

We wore this uniform everywhere.

我们到处都穿着这套制服。

-- That was a physical statement that these uniforms and plumage made to the rest of the world that we are Garveyites and proud of it!

——这些制服和羽毛向世界其他地方表明，我们是加维人，并为此感到自豪！

My father -- at one point said that the organization would have been able to develop farther -- and faster if he had more women in the organization, in comparison to some of the wimpy men that he had.

我的父亲曾经说过，如果他的组织中有更多的女性，而不是他所拥有的一些懦弱的男性，那么该组织将能够发展得更远、更快。

With its elaborate rituals and official songs, Garvey's UNIA was a separate world.

凭借其精心设计的仪式和官方歌曲，加维的 UNIA 是一个独立的世界。

Members pledged allegiance to the red, black and green flag, which Garvey himself designed as a symbol of a black nation in the making.

成员们宣誓效忠红、黑、绿三色旗帜，这是加维亲自设计的，作为正在形成的黑人国家的象征。

"Show me the race or the nation without a flag, and I will show you a race of people without any pride.

“向我展示一个没有国旗的种族或国家，我就会向你展示一个没有任何骄傲的民族。

But that was said of us four years ago.

但这是四年前对我们说的。

They can't say it now."

他们现在不能说。”

(Singing) "Ethiopia, the land of our fathers, thou land where the gods love to be.

（唱）“埃塞俄比亚，我们祖先的土地，你是诸神喜爱的土地。

-- As storm clouds suddenly gather, our armies come rushing to thee." And then the chorus went something like, that, (Singing), "Advance, advance to meet the foe.

——当暴风云突然聚集时，我们的军队会向你冲来。”然后副歌部分是这样的，（唱歌），“前进，前进去迎接敌人。

Let Africa be free." The women would sing that and the men would reply, (Singing) "Advance," women, "Advance to victory." Men, "Advance," "Advance to meet the foe," "Advance," and everybody, "With the might of the red, the black and the green," "Advance," "With the might of the red, the black and the green."

让非洲自由。”女人们唱着这首歌，男人们回答：“前进，”女人们，“走向胜利。”男人，“前进，”“前进，迎接敌人，”“前进，”每个人，“带着红、黑、绿的力量”，“前进，”“带着红、黑、绿的力量。”

In the summer of 1918, Garvey set out to create a separate economy of black owned businesses.

1918 年夏天，加维着手创建黑人企业的独立经济。

First, he purchased a half-finished church building for use as UNIA headquarters, and christened it "Liberty Hall."

首先，他购买了一座半完工的教堂建筑作为UNIA总部，并将其命名为“自由厅”。

Relying on the printing skills he'd learned as a boy, Garvey started the Negro World newspaper with a cover price of 5 cents.

加维依靠小时候学到的印刷技术，创办了《黑人世界》报纸，封面价格为 5 美分。

The paper carried essays, poetry, and articles on Black history and world events.

该报纸刊登了有关黑人历史和世界事件的散文、诗歌和文章。

On the front page of every issue was a long editorial penned by Garvey himself.

每期的头版都有加维本人撰写的长篇社论。

He distributed the paper with the help of Amy Ashwood, who had made her way to New York a year earlier.

他在艾米·阿什伍德的帮助下分发了这份报纸，艾米·阿什伍德一年前来到了纽约。

Then, to attract the dollars that flowed through black hands, Garvey created the first of many investment funds.

然后，为了吸引通过黑手流入的美元，加维创建了众多投资基金中的第一个。

Garvey was aware that blacks had contributed to the war effort by purchasing over 220 million dollars worth of liberty bonds.

加维意识到黑人通过购买价值超过 2.2 亿美元的自由债券为战争做出了贡献。

And this contribution to the war effort indicated that there was some wealth within the black community in the United States.

这种对战争的贡献表明美国黑人社区内部也有一定的财富。

And his idea was that this black wealth should be converted into businesses that would benefit blacks and projects that would benefit black people.

而他的想法是，这些黑人财富应该转化为有利于黑人的企业和有利于黑人的项目。

Garvey's idea of the UNIA was that it would teach success.

加维对 UNIA 的想法是它会教导成功。

It was going to be a vehicle to communicate and demonstrate that black people could be successful.

它将成为沟通和证明黑人可以成功的工具。

This idea of success was now translated into a whole series of commercial ventures, laundries, restaurants, newspapers

这种成功理念现已转化为一系列商业企业、洗衣店、餐馆、报纸

Garvey financed UNIA enterprises through the Negro Factories Corporation, which was capitalized with small contributions from his followers.

加维通过黑人工厂公司为 UNIA 企业提供资金，该公司的资本来自他的追随者的小额捐款。

At their peak, UNIA businesses employed as many as a thousand people in Harlem.

在鼎盛时期，UNIA 企业在哈莱姆区雇佣了多达 1000 名员工。

But UNIA companies quickly began to flounder.

但 UNIA 公司很快就开始陷入困境。

Garvey hired managers with little or no experience.

加维聘请了经验很少或没有经验的经理。

He shifted funds from one company to cover mounting losses in another.

他从一家公司转移资金来弥补另一家公司不断增加的亏损。

And he insisted that his followers play by his rules.

他坚持要求他的追随者遵守他的规则。

When an early member of the Harlem branch challenged his leadership, Garvey physically assaulted him.

当哈莱姆分部的一名早期成员挑战他的领导地位时，加维对他进行了人身攻击。

Garvey was very authoritarian and very anti-democratic in the way he ran his organization, his primary concern was in loyalty, not in competence, because he does not attract around him people who are particularly competent.

加维在管理组织的方式上非常独裁和反民主，他最关心的是忠诚，而不是能力，因为他周围不会吸引特别有能力的人。

And they, therefore, would not tell him or try to stop him from using those monies to finance other endeavors in the UNIA.

因此，他们不会告诉他或试图阻止他使用这些钱来资助 UNIA 的其他活动。

In October 1919, resentment against Garvey boiled over.

1919 年 10 月，人们对加维的不满情绪爆发。

A disgruntled investor named George Tyler pushed his way into UNIA headquarters, where Amy Ashwood was now working.

一位名叫乔治·泰勒 (George Tyler) 心怀不满的投资者闯入 UNIA 总部，艾米·阿什伍德 (Amy Ashwood) 现在在那里工作。

Amy Ashwood didn't really want to let him in.

艾米·阿什伍德其实并不想让他进来。

He seemed, ah, disturbed.

他看起来，啊，很不安。

Garvey came forward, said, "What do you want," whereupon George Tyler pulled out a gun and began shooting.

加维走上前来，说道：“你想要什么？”乔治·泰勒随即掏出枪开始射击。

Amy Ashwood threw her body between the shooter and Garvey to protect her lover, -- George Tyler said, "I don't want to shoot you," trying to aim around her.

艾米·阿什伍德（Amy Ashwood）将自己的身体扔到枪手和加维之间以保护她的爱人，乔治·泰勒（George Tyler）说，“我不想开枪射杀你”，试图瞄准她。

-- She tackled Tyler and they tumbled down the stairs to the first floor.

——她抓住了泰勒，他们从楼梯上滚下到一楼。

As soon as the shots were fired, the people on the first floor had called the police.

枪声一响，一楼的人就报了警。

The police came, they apprehended Tyler and took him to jail in Harlem.

警察来了，逮捕了泰勒，并将他关进哈莱姆区的监狱。

And the news reports were that Garvey had been shot in the head and it -- it made a huge news splash.

新闻报道说加维头部中弹，这引起了巨大的新闻轰动。

And that moment becomes "the" turning point, because Garvey survives three shots.

那一刻成为“转折点”，因为加维在三枪中幸存下来。

The next day he had a big, ah, speaking engagement in Philadelphia and he goes to Philadelphia, in spite of the fact that he's been shot -- ah he's bandaged, but he goes and makes his speaking engagement and he now has this extraordinary sort of, ahm, quasi-religious, ah, significance.

第二天，他在费城有一个大型的，啊，演讲活动，他去了费城，尽管事实上他被枪杀了——啊，他缠着绷带，但他还是去参加了演讲，现在他有了这种非凡的，嗯，准宗教的，啊，意义。

He survived.

他活了下来。

He's invincible.

他是无敌的。

By the end of 1919, Garvey claimed over three-quarters of a million followers and 'The Negro World' was the most popular black newspaper in the United States.

到 1919 年底，加维拥有超过四分之三的粉丝，《黑人世界》是美国最受欢迎的黑人报纸。

But his rising influence would soon make him a target of the federal government and a growing number of black critics who called the UNIA, 'A House of Cards'.

但他日益增长的影响力很快使他成为联邦政府和越来越多黑人批评者的目标，他们称 UNIA 为“纸牌屋”。

At the end of World War I, the war powers descended on Versailles to make peace and re-divide colonial territories.

第一次世界大战结束时，战争列强降临凡尔赛，缔结和平并重新瓜分殖民地领土。

From the seat of his self-styled empire in Harlem, Marcus Garvey argued that it was time to give Africa back to black people.

马库斯·加维（Marcus Garvey）在哈莱姆区自诩为帝国的所在地，他认为是时候将非洲归还给黑人了。

Some said it was a ridiculous fantasy.

有人说这是一个可笑的幻想。

But Garvey's slogan,"Africa for the Africans" reverberated around the world as his movement spread through the colonies.

但随着加维的运动在殖民地蔓延，他的口号“非洲属于非洲人”在全世界引起反响。

In Europe, Garvey began to be seen as a threat.

在欧洲，加维开始被视为威胁。

"I say this plainly.

“我说得很直白。

And for everybody to hear.

并让每个人都听到。

We are organizing to drive every paleface out of Africa.

我们正在组织起来，将所有白人赶出非洲。

Do you know why?

你知道为什么吗？

Because Africa is mine.

因为非洲是我的。

Africa is the land of my fathers.

非洲是我祖先的土地。

We who make up this organization know no turning back.

我们组成这个组织的人知道没有回头路。

We have pledged ourselves even onto the last drop of our sacred blood that Africa must be free."

我们甚至用我们最后一滴神圣的血来保证非洲必须自由。”

Garvey's 'Negro World', now published in Spanish, French and English, carried news of rebellion around the world.

加维的《黑人世界》现已出版西班牙语、法语和英语版本，在世界各地传播叛乱的消息。

In Africa and the Caribbean, colonial authorities banned the newspaper.

在非洲和加勒比地区，殖民当局查禁了这份报纸。

But with over 500 divisions of the UNIA in twenty-two countries, Garvey's message could not be stopped.

但由于 UNIA 在 22 个国家设有 500 多个分部，加维的信息无法被阻止。

'The Negro World' was being smuggled into Kenya by seamen, black seamen -- and then it would be read aloud to groups of people around this reader, plus young children, young boys, in particular, who were charged with memorizing Garvey's editorial in 'The Negro World'.

《黑人世界》被海员、黑人海员偷运到肯尼亚——然后它会被大声朗读给读者周围的一群人，还有小孩子，特别是小男孩，他们负责记住加维在《黑人世界》中的社论。

So it was read out and then these young boys would run off having memorized it, run off to the villages and spread Garvey's word, ahm, in that way.

所以它被读出了，然后这些小男孩背下来后就会跑开，跑到村庄里，传播加维的话，嗯，就这样。

In the United States, black troops returned from World War I with high expectations for change.

在美国，黑人军队从第一次世界大战中归来，对变革抱有很高的期望。

But they returned to a country that was not ready for equality; a country increasingly suspicious of radical political movements.

但他们回到了一个还没有准备好实现平等的国家；一个对激进政治运动越来越怀疑的国家。

In this unsettled climate, Garvey's appeal to disgruntled African Americans with military training sounded an alarm.

在这种不稳定的气氛下，加维向心怀不满的非裔美国人发出的军事训练呼吁敲响了警钟。

Attorney General Palmer decided that there needed to be a special division of the Justice Department.

司法部长帕尔默决定司法部需要设立一个专门部门。

He called it the General Intelligence Division.

他称之为通用情报部门。

And he picked a young Justice Department attorney, he was really unknown at that time, but, ah, must have been -- must have been known enough for his diligence -- and his name was J.

他挑选了一位年轻的司法部律师，他当时确实默默无闻，但是，啊，一定是——一定因为他的勤奋而足够出名——他的名字叫 J.

Edgar Hoover.

埃德加·胡佛.

Garvey really gets pinpointed.

加维确实被精确定位了。

Hoover and the Justice Department were clearly hooked on a fixation on Garvey which would before long become a vendetta.

胡佛和司法部显然对加维很着迷，这很快就会变成一场仇杀。

J.

J。

Edgar Hoover wrote to a colleague, "Garvey is a notorious negro agitator, affectionately referred to by his own race as the 'negro Moses.'"

埃德加·胡佛在给同事的信中写道：“加维是一位臭名昭著的黑人煽动者，被他自己的种族亲切地称为‘黑人摩西’。”

Hoover's agents were in the audience at Carnegie Hall when Garvey bragged that the UNIA would soon be strong enough to exact its own form of justice.

当加维吹嘘 UNIA 很快就会强大到足以实施自己的正义形式时，胡佛的特工就在卡内基音乐厅的观众席上。

"When those crackers lynch a Negro below the Mason-Dixon line, since it is not safe to lynch a white man in any part of America, we shall press the button and lynch him in Africa."

“当那些骗子对梅森-迪克森线以下的黑人实施私刑时，由于在美国任何地方对白人实施私刑都不安全，我们将按下按钮，在非洲对他实施私刑。”

The agent reported that Garvey's address was met with "great applause and much excitement."

据该特工报道，加维的演讲赢得了“热烈的掌声和兴奋”。

J.

J。

Edgar Hoover had long relied on casual informants.

埃德加·胡佛长期以来一直依赖非正式的线人。

But now, in his determination to go after Garvey, Hoover hired the first full-time black agent in the Bureau's history.

但现在，胡佛决心追捕加维，聘请了该局历史上第一位全职黑人特工。

He was known by a code number.

人们通过一个代号认识他。

All his reports were signed, ah, "800".

他所有的报告都签了字啊,800。

That was his code.

那是他的密码。

And his job was to go into Harlem and to infiltrate the Garvey Movement to try and find evidence that could be used to build the legal case for ultimately getting rid of Garvey.

他的工作是进入哈莱姆区并渗透到加维运动中，试图找到可用于建立法律案件以最终除掉加维的证据。

Garvey rejected America.

加维拒绝了美国。

They could no more agree to and accept a militant rejection of America by blacks than they could accept a militant demand for full inclusion by blacks.

他们无法同意并接受黑人对美国的激进拒绝，就像他们无法接受黑人全面融入的激进要求一样。

Just as the government campaign against him escalated, Marcus Garvey unveiled a new business enterprise.

就在政府针对他的行动升级之际，马库斯·加维推出了一家新的企业。

It was his most ambitious venture, but would prove to be the most fateful.

这是他最雄心勃勃的冒险，但后来被证明是最致命的。

The idea comes to Garvey that black people need a shipping line, and he bases his idea on the fact that the Cunard family has the White Star Line and the Irish have the Green Star Line, and he says, "Why shouldn't blacks have the Black Star Line?" So it is a vision of grandeur.

加维想到了黑人需要一条航运公司，他的想法是基于丘纳德家族拥有白星航运公司而爱尔兰人拥有绿星航运公司这一事实，他说：“为什么黑人不应该拥有黑星航运公司？”所以这是一个宏伟的愿景。

Black people were routinely Jim Crowed on ocean-going liners.

黑人经常在远洋客轮上被吉姆克劳德（Jim Crowed）对待。

-- Black folk paying, say, for first class accommodations, often had to travel in third class accommodation.

——比如说，支付头等舱住宿费用的黑人通常不得不乘坐三等舱住宿。

Black people on ships had to eat after the white people had finished eating.

船上的黑人必须在白人吃完后才吃饭。

So all of these problems Garvey was trying to address through a shipping corporation.

因此，加维试图通过一家航运公司来解决所有这些问题。

His ships would carry more than passengers.

他的船承载的不仅仅是乘客。

Garvey envisioned commercial trade among Black communities around the world, with produce, raw materials, and manufactured goods transported on UNIA vessels.

加维设想了世界各地黑人社区之间的商业贸易，通过 UNIA 船只运输农产品、原材料和制成品。

The Black Star Line was in some ways Garvey's Empire State Building.

黑星航运公司在某种程度上就是加维的帝国大厦。

It was this monument to black commerce in the same way that the Empire State Building was this citadel of white capitalism.

它是黑人商业的纪念碑，就像帝国大厦是白人资本主义的堡垒一样。

And it represented the ability of black people to seize the day and to have their own economy.

它代表了黑人抓住机遇、拥有自己经济的能力。

Garvey offered Black Star Line stock for sale in 1919, promising his investors liberation and large profits as they slept.

1919 年，加维出售黑星航运公司的股票，并承诺在投资者睡梦中解放他们并带来巨额利润。

My parents spent a small fortune (Laughs) in Garvey shares.

我父母在加维股票上花了一小笔钱（笑）。

They were five dollars apiece in those days, which was a lot of money.

在当时，每张五美元，这是一笔很大的钱。

And my mother had to remind my father that there was food and things to be bought, because he was buying shares and Daddy had those on his dresser.

我母亲不得不提醒我父亲有食物和东西要买，因为他正在买股票，而爸爸的梳妆台上有这些。

And I remember reaching out to touch them and Daddy said, "Touch them and feel the power that the black man will someday know."

我记得伸手去触摸它们，爸爸说：“触摸它们，感受黑人有一天会知道的力量。”

Just months after his first stock offering, Garvey stunned the world with the purchase of the Black Star Line's first ship.

在首次股票发行几个月后，加维购买了黑星航运公司的第一艘船，震惊了世界。

"Let our steamship sail the high seas, not one, not two, but hundreds of them.

“让我们的轮船在公海上航行，不是一艘，不是两艘，而是数百艘。

The stronger we become upon land and sea, the more will be the respect shown to us and the greater will be the glory."

我们在陆地和海上变得越强大，我们就会受到越多的尊重，荣耀就会越大。”

The S.S.

S.S.

Yarmouth, a 33 year-old wartime coal boat that Garvey planned to re-name the Frederick Douglass, would set sail with an all-black crew under the command of Joshua Cockburn, a black captain.

雅茅斯号是一艘已有 33 年历史的战时运煤船，加维计划将其重新命名为弗雷德里克·道格拉斯号，该船将在黑人船长约书亚·科伯恩 (Joshua Cockburn) 的指挥下与全黑人船员一起起航。

One bright November morning in 1919, Garveyites assembled on the pier at 135th Street in Harlem to witness the launching of the Yarmouth.

1919 年 11 月一个阳光明媚的早晨，加维派聚集在哈莱姆区 135 街的码头上，见证雅茅斯号下水。

A spectator said, "We watched people jump up and down, throw up their hats and handkerchiefs and cheer while the Yarmouth backed from the wharf and slowly glided down the North River." The ship appeared to embark on a spectacular ocean voyage.

一位观众说：“我们看到人们上蹿下跳，抛起帽子和手帕，欢呼雀跃，而雅茅斯号则从码头退了回来，慢慢地顺着北河顺流而下。”这艘船似乎开始了一次壮观的远洋航行。

But because Garvey had not finished paying for it, the Yarmouth went only as far as the 23rd street pier.

但由于加维还没有付完钱，雅茅斯号只开到了23街码头。

But when the Yarmouth finally made its maiden voyage, it was cause for an international celebration.

但当雅茅斯号最终完成首航时，引起了国际性的庆祝。

The President of Cuba threw a banquet in honor of the crew, and members of his cabinet purchased shares in the Black Star Line.

古巴总统为船员举办了宴会，内阁成员购买了黑星航运公司的股份。

In Costa Rica, workers descended on the docks to shower the Yarmouth with fruits and flowers.

在哥斯达黎加，工人们来到码头，向雅茅斯河洒满水果和鲜花。

It was announced that one of the ships of the Black Star Line would be coming to Panama and going through the canal.

据消息称，黑星航运公司的一艘船只将前往巴拿马并途经运河。

I was a very small boy at the time and my brother and I were given packed lunches, sandwiches and drinks, and were packed off to a place called Christ Church by the Sea, waiting to see this Garvey ship arrive.

当时我还是个很小的男孩，我和哥哥得到了盒装午餐、三明治和饮料，然后被送往一个叫海边基督教堂的地方，等待这艘加维船的到来。

-- We got there at about nine-ten in the morning, midday no ship, three o'clock in the afternoon no ship, but we were still there waiting.

——我们早上九点十分左右到的，中午没有船，下午三点也没有船，但我们还在那儿等着。

-- Nine o'clock, no ship.

——九点了，没有船。

At about nine-thirty-ten, my brother put me on his back and we were on the way home -- but the ship never actually came.

大约九点三十分，我哥哥把我背在背上，我们就踏上了回家的路——但船却从未真正来过。

There's no denying the fact that Garvey's Black Star Steamship Line was a wonderful symbol.

不可否认，加维的黑星轮船公司是一个美妙的象征。

It was a powerful symbol.

这是一个强大的象征。

-- But it was nothing more than that, I think, a symbol.

——但我认为，这只不过是一个象征。

The fact that people would come down to the docks waiting for these ships -- in some ways is metaphoric for the wishful thinking that was largely at the heart of the Garvey Movement.

事实上，人们会来到码头等待这些船只——在某种程度上，这是加维运动核心的一厢情愿的隐喻。

Garvey was betrayed by the few people he trusted to get the Black Star Line afloat.

加维被他信任的少数人背叛了，以让黑星航运继续前进。

The man he asked to inspect the Yarmouth turned out to be an informant for J.

他要求检查雅茅斯的那个人原来是 J. 的线人。

Edgar Hoover.

埃德加·胡佛.

And his hand-picked Captain, Joshua Cockburn, convinced Garvey to pay six times what the ship was worth -- and then took a kickback from the purchase price.

他亲自挑选的船长约书亚·科伯恩说服加维支付了该船价值六倍的价格，然后从购买价格中收取了回扣。

Yet Garvey quickly raised and spent two-hundred thousand dollars on two more ships.

然而加维很快又筹集并花费了二十万美元购买了另外两艘船。

And making a purchase of those liners without, ah, being led by experts, he was deceived about the condition of those -- of those ships and overpaid for -- for what their value should have been.

在没有，啊，由专家指导的情况下购买这些班轮时，他在这些船只的状况上受到了欺骗，并且为它们应有的价值支付了过高的价格。

It was a disaster for the movement and turned out to be a disaster for Mr. Garvey.

这对这场运动来说是一场灾难，对加维先生来说也是一场灾难。

At the end of 1919, Marcus Garvey married Amy Ashwood, the woman who just months earlier had thrown herself in the line of fire to save his life.

1919 年底，马库斯·加维 (Marcus Garvey) 与艾米·阿什伍德 (Amy Ashwood) 结婚，几个月前，她为了救他的命而投身火线。

They had a very rocky relationship, a lot of off-again/on-again, a lot of quarreling.

他们的关系非常不稳定，经常分分合合，经常争吵。

And finally they married in a spectacular Liberty Hall marriage on Christmas day.

最后他们在圣诞节那天在自由厅举行了一场盛大的婚礼。

Their extravagant wedding was the talk of Harlem.

他们奢华的婚礼成为哈莱姆区的热门话题。

Five different ministers performed the ceremony before three thousand guests.

五位不同的部长在三千名宾客面前主持了仪式。

Just four months later, the couple separated.

仅仅四个月后，这对夫妇就分居了。

"Having a wife was an impediment to my work and peace of mind," Garvey would later say.

“拥有妻子是我工作和内心平静的障碍，”加维后来说。

"I can't pay her personal attention as the average husband.

“作为普通丈夫，我无法个人关注她。

In fact I have no time to look after myself."

事实上我没有时间照顾自己。”

My father was committed totally to the struggle and that's why he -- he never seemed to -- he never seemed to relax.

我父亲全身心地投入到斗争中，这就是为什么他——他似乎从来没有——他似乎从来没有放松过。

He never seemed to take a day off.

他似乎从来没有休息过一天。

He was always committed to the struggle.

他始终致力于斗争。

He was always appeared to be dressed ready to work, -- And he was working at home, he was working at the office.

他看起来总是穿戴整齐准备上班，——他在家工作，在办公室工作。

He kept tremendous hours.

他花了很多时间。

So it was a total commitment to the struggle and the cause.

因此，这是对斗争和事业的全身心投入。

The UNIA was taking in thousands of dollars a day, but Garvey lived modestly on the 6th floor of a Harlem apartment building.

UNIA 每天收入数千美元，但加维却住在哈林区一栋公寓楼的六楼。

He didn't drink or smoke, and preferred to eat the same food night after night.

他不喝酒也不抽烟，并且喜欢夜复一夜地吃同样的食物。

Garvey spent his few idle hours arranging and re-arranging a collection of Egyptian vases and African ornaments, making his home into an orderly private world.

加维利用空闲时间整理、重新整理一系列埃及花瓶和非洲装饰品，将他的家打造成一个井然有序的私人世界。

Unless it was about UNIA business, Garvey rarely spoke to even his closest associates.

除非是关于 UNIA 的事务，否则加维很少与他最亲密的同事交谈。

I never saw him laugh.

我从来没有见过他笑。

I never saw him laugh.

我从来没有见过他笑。

At the office he was serious when we went to visit him there and at home.

当我们去办公室和家里拜访他时，他在办公室很严肃。

Well, he was very kind.

嗯，他很友善。

My father was very kind.

我的父亲非常善良。

He was always bringing things for us children, but I nev-- I never saw him -- he just always looked serious.

他总是给我们这些孩子带来东西，但我从来没有——我从来没有见过他——他总是看起来很严肃。

On August first, 1920, thousands of UNIA delegates from twenty-five countries assembled at Liberty Hall and Madison Square Garden.

1920 年 8 月 1 日，来自 25 个国家的数千名 UNIA 代表聚集在自由厅和麦迪逊广场花园。

Garvey called it the International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World.

加维将其称为世界黑人国际大会。

He hoped to move a step closer to his dream of a black nation in Africa -- with himself at the helm.

他希望在自己掌舵的情况下，离非洲黑人国家的梦想更近一步。

The whole convention is this extraordinary public event of -- pomp and -- and ceremony and magnificence and grandiloquence.

整个大会是一场非同寻常的公共活动，盛况空前，仪式隆重，气势磅礴。

Garvey, he would now establish a stage, a world stage for his movement and effectively what he gave the black world was a government in exile, a government in waiting.

加维，他现在将为他的运动建立一个舞台，一个世界舞台，而他实际上给黑人世界带来的是一个流亡政府，一个等待中的政府。

"We have met in this historic building tonight for the purpose of enlightening the world respecting the attitude of the 'New Negro'.

“我们今晚在这座历史建筑中聚会，目的是启发世界尊重‘新黑人’的态度。

If you believe that the Negro should have a place in the sun; if you believe that Africa should be one vast empire, controlled by the Negro, then arise, and sing the National Anthem of the Universal Negro Improvement Association."

如果你相信黑人应该在阳光下占有一席之地；如果你相信非洲应该成为一个由黑人控制的庞大帝国，那么就站起来，唱全球黑人进步协会的国歌。”

The month-long convention combined substance with overblown symbolism.

为期一个月的大会将实质内容与夸张的象征意义结合在一起。

Garvey installed officials with outlandish titles like "Supreme Potentate", "Leader of the American Negroes", and "Lady Commander of the Supreme Order of the Nile".

加维任命的官员拥有诸如“最高统治者”、“美国黑人领袖”和“尼罗河最高勋章女指挥官”等稀奇古怪的头衔。

After insisting that no African was qualified for the post, Garvey named himself "Provisional President of Africa".

在坚称没有非洲人有资格担任这一职位后，加维将自己命名为“非洲临时总统”。

But behind closed doors, convention delegates produced a groundbreaking document.

但闭门会议代表们制定了一份开创性的文件。

They developed a program which was based on assessment of what was the black experience in--up to 1920 and how do we go forward?

他们制定了一项计划，该计划基于对 1920 年之前黑人经历的评估以及我们如何前进？

-- which led to the development of the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World.

——这导致了《世界黑人人民权利宣言》的制定。

They were thinking that there needed to be a black declaration of rights.

他们认为需要有一份黑人权利宣言。

This was a important document that called upon the nations of Europe and America to respect the rights of black people throughout the world.

这是一份重要文件，呼吁欧美国家尊重全世界黑人的权利。

This was the moment at which Garvey, I think, was, ah, both the most powerful in the sense of his articulation of ideas of justice along racial lines, and at the same time his most grandiose and meglomaniacal, because there was really nothing behind any of this.

我认为，在这个时刻，加维是，啊，从他按照种族界限阐明正义观念的意义上来说，他是最强大的，同时也是他最浮夸和狂妄的，因为这一切背后实际上什么都没有。

Garvey's reply to his critics was simple.

加维对批评者的回应很简单。

"I am accused of creating Dukes, Barons, and knights," he said.

“我被指控创造了公爵、男爵和骑士，”他说。

"But who gave the white man a monopoly on creating social order?"

“但是谁赋予了白人创造社会秩序的垄断权呢？”

Garvey's government in exile conducted its own foreign policy, appointing ambassadors and sending a telegram of support to the Irish Republican Army.

加维流亡政府实行自己的外交政策，任命大使并向爱尔兰共和军发出支持电报。

He dispatched a team of engineers to Liberia to begin construction of a black homeland, and chartered a delegation to the League of Nations to argue for the transfer of African colonies to UNIA rule.

他派遣了一支工程师团队前往利比里亚，开始建设黑人家园，并派出一个代表团前往国际联盟，主张将非洲殖民地移交给国际联盟统治。

When he finally took to the stage, it was Garvey's moment of greatest triumph.

当他最终登上舞台时，这是加维最伟大的胜利时刻。

Twenty-five thousand people, black people, packed Madison Square Garden and Garvey delivers this magnificent speech in which he tells the Europeans to give Africa a wide berth because "We are coming home."

两万五千名黑人挤满了麦迪逊广场花园，加维发表了这篇精彩的演讲，他在演讲中告诉欧洲人对非洲敬而远之，因为“我们正在回家”。

The day after Garvey's speech, a massive UNIA parade stretched through Harlem.

加维演讲后的第二天，一场盛大的UNIA游行穿过哈莱姆区。

If you didn't live in Harlem, you tried to find someone that lived in a front apartment where you could get in the window and view everything, Everybody seemed to be out there to see the Garvey parade.

如果你不住在哈莱姆区，你会试着找一个住在前面公寓的人，在那里你可以从窗户看到一切，每个人似乎都在外面看加维游行。

To be a part of the Marcus Garvey movement it made me feel that I owned one half of the world, and I didn't own the other half because I didn't want it.

成为马库斯·加维运动的一员，让我觉得我拥有世界的一半，而我不拥有世界的另一半，因为我不想要它。

One Irish woman observing the parade remarked, "and to think, the Negro will get his liberty before the Irish."

一位观看游行的爱尔兰妇女说道：“想想看，黑人将比爱尔兰人先获得自由。”

And of course we were looking for my father, who would be in the group of officers marching proudly down the avenue with his sword at his side.

当然，我们正在寻找我的父亲，他会和一群军官一起自豪地沿着大道行进，身边佩剑。

It was an exciting thing to see.

这是一件令人兴奋的事情。

Marcus Garvey now stood at the head of the largest black movement in history.

马库斯·加维现在站在历史上最大的黑人运动的领导地位。

He claimed millions of followers stretching around the world.

他声称拥有数百万追随者，遍布世界各地。

But with the Black Star Line hemorrhaging money and his black critics and the US government on the attack, Garvey's fast-rising star would soon begin to fall.

但随着黑星航运公司的资金流失以及他的黑人批评者和美国政府的攻击，加维这颗快速崛起的明星很快就会开始陨落。

Not all African Americans were thrilled by the splendor of the Garvey movement.

并非所有非裔美国人都对加维运动的辉煌感到兴奋。

Many were embarrassed by the pompous spectacle of Garvey in cap and gown.

许多人对加维戴着帽子、穿着长袍的浮夸场面感到尴尬。

A.

A.

Philip Randolph, who had introduced him to his first Harlem audience, said Garvey had "succeeded in making the Negro the laughing stock of the world."

菲利普·伦道夫（Philip Randolph）将加维介绍给了哈莱姆区的第一批观众，他说加维“成功地让黑人成为了世界的笑柄”。

W.E.B.

W.E.B.

DuBois and A.

杜波依斯和 A.

Philip Randolph saw Garvey as a person who was engaged in a grand distraction.

菲利普·伦道夫认为加维是一个忙于消遣的人。

Garvey's emphasis on a program of African redemption, his pretensions to some kind of imperial posture as the provisional president of Africa, they thought of as either charlatantry or just pure buffoonery.

加维对非洲救赎计划的强调，以及他作为非洲临时总统的某种帝国姿态的自命不凡，他们认为要么是骗人的，要么就是纯粹的小丑。

Their complaints about him provide a legitimation for the government to move against Garvey, because you can always say, "You see, his own people don't even want him.

他们对他的抱怨为政府针对加维采取行动提供了合法性，因为你总是可以说，“你看，他自己的人民甚至不想要他。

And if they don't want him, then there must be something wrong."

如果他们不想要他，那么一定是出了什么问题。”

Encouraged by growing black opposition, the U.S. government stepped up surveillance of Garvey.

在黑人反对声音日益高涨的鼓舞下，美国政府加强了对加维的监视。

Eight federal agencies were directed to report on his activities.

八个联邦机构奉命报告他的活动。

And J.

和 J。

Edgar Hoover resolved to deal with Garvey once and for all.

埃德加·胡佛决心一劳永逸地对付加维。

They placed spies in the UNIA.

他们在 UNIA 安置了间谍。

They sabotage, ah, the Black Star Line.

他们破坏啊黑星航线。

The engines sometimes of the ships were actually damaged by foreign matter being thrown into the fuel and so on.

有时船舶的发动机实际上是由于异物被扔进燃料等而损坏的。

And there was every effort made to destroy the movement, however, that wasn't the only thing that actually destroyed Garvey.

人们尽了一切努力来摧毁这场运动，然而，这并不是真正摧毁加维的唯一事情。

There were internal problems to the movement as well as these external forces.

运动存在内部问题，也存在外部力量。

Garvey's own crews took the Black Star Line to the brink of disaster.

加维自己的船员将黑星航运公司推向了灾难的边缘。

One captain steered his vessel off course to visit his wife.

一位船长驾驶船只偏离航线去探望他的妻子。

Another had a nervous breakdown and tried to sink his own ship.

另一个人精神崩溃，试图击沉自己的船。

Enraged at the chaos onboard one ship, Garvey got into a fistfight with the captain and fired half the crew.

加维对一艘船上的混乱感到愤怒，与船长发生了肢体冲突，并解雇了一半的船员。

But when it came to mismanagement, he had only himself to blame.

但说到管理不善，他只能怪自己。

Garvey looked for people who would be personally loyal to him.

加维寻找对他个人忠诚的人。

I think this is the only way we can explain the mismanagement, incompetence of the Black Star Steamship Line.

我想，只有这样才能解释黑星轮船公司的管理不善、无能。

The first treasurer of that line was a railroad clerk who had no experience in bookkeeping.

该线路的第一任财务主管是一位没有簿记经验的铁路职员。

What was important here, I think, was not an intellectual competence, but a loyalty to this charismatic leader.

我认为，这里重要的不是智力，而是对这位魅力领袖的忠诚。

As things spun out of control, Garvey confided in Herbert Bowlin, the owner of the Berry & Ross Doll Company.

随着事情的发展失去控制，加维向贝瑞罗斯娃娃公司的老板赫伯特·鲍林吐露了心声。

To Garvey, Bowlin was one of a few real friends.

对于加维来说，鲍林是为数不多的几个真正的朋友之一。

To J.

致 J。

Edgar Hoover, he was Agent P-138.

埃德加·胡佛，他是特工 P-138。

He got closer to Garvey than anyone else, ah, working for the government -- and, ah,-- Garvey was really isolated.

他比任何人都更接近加维，啊，为政府工作——而且，啊——加维真的很孤立。

Things weren't going well with the organization.

该组织的进展并不顺利。

The Black Star Line was losing money.

黑星航运公司正在亏损。

And so, -- remarkably, he confesses to this informant, ah, that he'd tried suicide, that he was thinking of suicide again.

所以，值得注意的是，他向这位线人承认，啊，他曾尝试过自杀，他又在考虑自杀。

-- It shows the loneliness Garvey must have had at the top.

——这表明了加维在巅峰时所感受到的孤独。

You know, he couldn't reveal those sorts of things to the key people around him.

要知道，这种事他是不能告诉身边的关键人物的。

By 1921, the Black Star Line was on the verge of bankruptcy, but Garvey mailed brochures to his supporters advertising stock in yet another ship.

1921 年，黑星航运公司濒临破产，但加维向他的支持者邮寄了小册子，宣传另一艘船的库存。

It would prove to be a major blunder.

这将被证明是一个重大错误。

In the brochure is a picture of a ship which purports to have been the SS Phyllis Wheatley.

宣传册中有一张据称是 SS Phyllis Wheatley 号船的照片。

It was -- a ship that Garvey was negotiating for and did not own.

这是——一艘加维正在谈判购买但并不拥有的船。

And it seems that someone etched into the bow of the ship the words "The SS Phyllis Wheatley." In other words it was a misrepresentation.

似乎有人在船头刻下了“SS Phyllis Wheatley”字样。换句话说，这是一种误传。

It gave the impression that Garvey and the Black Star Line owned the ship when in fact there was no such ship.

给人的印象是加维和黑星航运公司拥有这艘船，但事实上并没有这样的船。

In January 1922, Garvey and three UNIA officers were arrested for federal mail fraud.

1922 年 1 月，加维和三名 UNIA 官员因联邦邮件欺诈被捕。

The man Hoover once called a "notorious Negro agitator" was finally in his grasp.

胡佛曾经称之为“臭名昭著的黑人煽动者”的这个人终于落入了他的掌握之中。

The mail fraud was the most convenient and ultimately the only, ah, means that they could find to prosecute him.

邮件诈骗是最方便的，也是最终唯一的啊，可以找到起诉他的方式。

Ah, prosecution was not the end.

啊，起诉还没有结束。

-- Deportation was the government's real aim.

——驱逐出境才是政府的真正目的。

In July 1922, while he was out on bail, Garvey made a move that would lead his black critics to question his sanity.

1922 年 7 月，加维在保释期间做出的举动导致黑人批评者质疑他的理智。

He held a meeting with Edward Young Clarke, the Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

他与三K党大巫师爱德华·杨·克拉克进行了会面。

Garvey felt that the Ku Klux Klan represented -- the invisible government of the United States.

加维认为三K党代表的是美国的隐形政府。

That's the real source of, ahm, power in America, Garvey believed.

加维相信，这就是美国权力的真正源泉。

And Garvey felt that, as Provisional President of Africa, he was entitled to meet with the counterpart of white American power.

加维认为，作为非洲临时总统，他有权会见美国白人权力的对应者。

And so Garvey didn't feel that he had done anything wrong.

所以加维并不觉得自己做错了什么。

In fact, Garvey's thought that what he had done was a diplomatic stroke of genius.

事实上，加维认为他的所作所为是外交上的天才之举。

After he met with the Klan leaders and had them speak at his rallies, he was viewed as an enemy of black people.

在他会见三K党领导人并让他们在集会上发言后，他被视为黑人的敌人。

-- For a so called "responsible" black spokesman to be having anything to do with these people was viewed as a complete and utter betrayal.

——对于一个所谓的“负责任的”黑人发言人来说，与这些人有任何关系都被视为彻底的背叛。

-- This was too much.

——这太过分了。

In a letter to the Attorney General, eight of Garvey's black critics said the UNIA "was composed of the most primitive and ignorant element...Negro sharks and Negro fanatics." They called for Garvey's deportation.

加维的八位黑人批评者在给总检察长的一封信中表示，UNIA“是由最原始、最无知的分子组成的……黑人鲨鱼和黑人狂热分子”。他们呼吁将加维驱逐出境。

But Garvey fought back.

但加维反击了。

When W.E.B DuBois called him the most dangerous enemy of the negro race, Garvey said DuBois was a "rabid Mulatto" who "needed a horsewhipping." A.

当 W.E.B 杜波依斯称他为黑人种族最危险的敌人时，加维说杜波依斯是一个“疯狂的黑白混血儿”，“需要鞭打”。 A.

Philip Randolph, who had once befriended Garvey, called the UNIA leader a "half-wit, low grade moron."

曾与加维成为朋友的菲利普·伦道夫称这位 UNIA 领导人为“愚笨、低级的白痴”。

In the midst of that A.

在那A中间。

Philip Randolph received a package in the mail and thinking it was a bomb, he called the police.

菲利普·伦道夫 (Philip Randolph) 收到一个邮寄包裹，认为这是一枚炸弹，于是报了警。

-- They opened it up and they found that it was the severed human hand of a white man, signed -- with a note signed by the KKK.

——他们打开它，发现这是一名白人的断手，上面有一张三K党签名的字条。

Randolph believed that it was really the Garvey Movement that had sent it.

伦道夫相信，确实是加维运动送来的。

Garvey, now frequently accompanied by eight bodyguards, denied involvement and said he was the target of violence.

加维现在经常有八名保镖陪同，他否认参与其中，并表示他是暴力的目标。

But then Reverend James Eason, once Garvey's hand-picked second-in-command and now expected to be a key prosecution witness, was shot and killed.

但随后，曾经是加维亲手挑选的第二把手、现在有望成为关键检方证人的詹姆斯·伊森牧师被枪杀。

Before he died, Eason identified his assailants as Garveyites.

伊森死前确认袭击他的人是加维派。

As Garvey's trial began on May 18, 1923, a police bomb squad stood on alert and UNIA members packed the courtroom.

1923 年 5 月 18 日，加维的审判开始时，警察拆弹小组严阵以待，UNIA 成员挤满了法庭。

On the first day of the trial, Garvey fired his attorney and announced that he would defend himself.

审判的第一天，加维解雇了他的律师，并宣布他将为自己辩护。

I think Garvey believed that his powers of rhetoric and oratory -- would ultimately sway the court in his favor.

我认为加维相信他的修辞和演讲能力最终会让法庭对他有利。

He would have ruled the court, in other words, by his superior oratorical gifts and I think Garvey came, in the end, to rue that decision because it was a disaster.

换句话说，他本可以通过他卓越的演讲天赋来统治法庭，我认为加维最终会后悔这个决定，因为这是一场灾难。

Garvey paced up and down before the jury box as a parade of former UNIA officials took the stand to testify against him.

加维在陪审团席前来回踱步，一群前世界黑人协会官员出庭作证指控他。

Defiant, Garvey blamed subordinates and evaded responsibility for his errors.

加维目中无人，指责下属并逃避对自己错误的责任。

He also took a lot of time badgering witnesses, alienating, I think, in the process a lot of jurors, ah, by his courtroom manner.

他还花了很多时间纠缠证人，疏远我想，在这个过程中，很多陪审员，啊，被他在法庭上的态度所影响。

He seemed to be intimidating of witnesses, even his own witnesses.

他似乎在恐吓目击者，甚至是他自己的目击者。

It was not a -- not a good performance by Garvey.

加维的表现并不好。

In his closing statement, Garvey's voice carried clear through the corridors and out to the street.

在闭幕词中，加维的声音清晰地穿过走廊，传到街上。

"I want no mercy, only justice -- justice-- justice.

“我不需要怜悯，只想要正义——正义——正义。

I would not betray my struggling race.

我不会背叛我奋斗的种族。

If I did I should be thrown into the nethermost parts of hell."

如果我这样做了，我就会被扔进地狱的最深处。”

After a four week trial, his three co-defendants were acquitted.

经过四个星期的审判后，他的三名同案被告被无罪释放。

But Garvey was convicted and given the maximum sentence of five years in prison.

但加维被定罪，最高判处五年监禁。

Hoover's agents had the UNIA under surveillance for years in search of damaging evidence, but in the end, Garvey's conviction hung on using the mails to defraud one man, Benny Dancy, of twenty-five dollars.

胡佛的特工对 UNIA 进行了多年的监视，以寻找具有破坏性的证据，但最终，加维的定罪仍然是利用邮件诈骗一名名叫本尼·丹西 (Benny Dancy) 的男子 25 美元。

He took no advice.

他没有采纳任何建议。

He did not heed advice.

他没有听取建议。

-- He felt that anything contrary to his view of things was an attempt to derail him or to deflect him from his goals.

——他觉得任何与他对事物的看法相反的事情都是企图使他脱轨或偏离他的目标。

He had just an overweening confidence in his own ability in areas where he had no expertise, such as in the case of ships, in the case of trying a legal case, ahm, in his investment priorities.

在他没有专业知识的领域，他只是对自己的能力过度自信，比如在船舶方面，在审理法律案件的情况下，嗯，在他的投资优先事项中。

He -- he just would not take advice.

他——他只是不接受建议。

In February 1925, after nearly two years of appeals, Marcus Garvey was escorted to the Atlanta federal penitentiary as prisoner number 1-9-3-5-9.

1925 年 2 月，经过近两年的上诉，马库斯·加维被押送到亚特兰大联邦监狱，囚犯编号为 1-9-3-5-9。

His only personal assets were forty dollars and a few hundred shares of his own worthless stock.

他唯一的个人资产是四十美元和几百股他自己的毫无价值的股票。

: UNIA members believed their leader had been railroaded.

：UNIA 成员相信他们的领导人已被铁路束缚。

To dampen their frustration, Garvey wrote a song.

为了减轻他们的挫败感，加维写了一首歌。

Garvey's personal secretary, Amy Jacques, had become his second wife in 1922.

加维的私人秘书艾米·雅克 (Amy Jacques) 于 1922 年成为他的第二任妻子。

While he was in prison, she and Garvey's followers struggled to keep the movement alive, and raised tens of thousands of dollars for Garvey's defense.

当他入狱时，她和加维的追随者努力维持这场运动，并为加维的辩护筹集了数万美元。

There's one group -- in rural Louisiana -- that gave an average five cents.

在路易斯安那州的农村地区，有一个团体平均捐出 5 美分。

They actually gave eight dollars, but when you actually counted the number of people involved, it actually amounted to something like five cents each.

他们实际上给了八块钱，但是如果你真正数一下参与的人数，实际上相当于每人五毛钱左右。

And it actually showed the level of loyalty that ordinary -- the little people had towards Garvey and the movement.

这实际上显示了普通小人物对加维和运动的忠诚程度。

People around the world began to send in petitions and letters and so on.

世界各地的人们开始寄出请愿书、信件等。

There were literally millions, literally millions of signatures that were appended to petitions that were taken to various government agencies in Washington, D.C. In South Africa, people would have Marcus Garvey Sundays and pray for Garvey and so on.

请愿书上附有数以百万计的签名，这些签名被送到华盛顿特区的各个政府机构。在南非，人们会过马库斯·加维星期日并为加维祈祷等等。

But the government had its own reasons for wanting to release Garvey.

但政府有自己的理由想要释放加维。

Garvey had very weak lungs and he also suffered from heart disease.

加维的肺部非常虚弱，而且还患有心脏病。

He suffered from bronchitis and a series of asthma attacks, was often put in the prison hospital.

他患有支气管炎和一系列哮喘发作，经常被送进监狱医院。

They feared that he could die or become severely ill and it would just add to the martyrdom aspect of the Garvey Movement and increase his following.

他们担心他可能会死亡或患重病，这只会增加加维运动的殉难程度并增加他的追随者。

And there was an election year coming up in the US and the Republican administration felt that black folk, who were largely Republicans in those days, might vote for the other party if Garvey was not released.

美国大选年即将到来，共和党政府认为，如果加维不被释放，当时主要是共和党人的黑人可能会投票给另一党。

On November 18, 1927, after serving two years and nine months, Garvey was pardoned by President Calvin Coolidge.

1927 年 11 月 18 日，在服刑两年零九个月后，加维被卡尔文·柯立芝总统赦免。

But he was ordered immediately deported.

但他被命令立即驱逐出境。

He was put onboard the S.

他被送上了S号。

S.

S。

Saramacca, a ship owned by United Fruit, the same company on whose Costa Rican plantation he had worked as a young man.

萨拉马卡号是联合水果公司拥有的一艘船，他年轻时曾在这家公司的哥斯达黎加种植园工作过。

It was announced that Garvey would sail back to Jamaica from the port of New Orleans.

据宣布，加维将从新奥尔良港启航返回牙买加。

It was a Monday morning in November, -- a cold, drizzly, damp November New Orleans morning.

那是十一月的一个星期一早晨，新奥尔良一个寒冷、毛毛细雨、潮湿的十一月早晨。

- It was more like Mardi Gras Day in New Orleans on that particular day.

- 那天更像是新奥尔良的狂欢节。

Went out to see Marcus Garvey on this ship.

去这艘船上见马库斯·加维。

I imagine the conductors got tired of askin' for fares, -- so some people rode for nothing.

我想售票员厌倦了索要车费，所以有些人免费乘坐。

And the fare was only seven cents.

而且票价才七美分。

They was just packed on top of each other on the street car goin' out to the river front.

他们挤在开往河边的有轨电车上。

And everybody went out with their children, everybody, just to get that glimpse of him as the ship would leave.

每个人都带着他们的孩子出去，每个人，只是为了在船离开时看他一眼。

And the people could stand on the levee and stand close to the river and, you know, they were for miles and miles, a lot of people.

人们可以站在堤坝上，靠近河流，你知道，他们有很多英里。

Mr. Garvey was not allowed to land.

加维先生不被允许着陆。

He had to stay on board ship.

他必须留在船上。

He did not put his foot on land.

他没有把脚踩在陆地上。

-- And he spoke to the people, biddin' them farewell and wishing them well and asking them to hold on, keep the fort.

——他向人民讲话，向他们告别，祝愿他们一切顺利，并要求他们坚持下去，守住堡垒。

As the, ah, ship was moving out from the docks, the people on shore were singin' the President General's Hymn.

当啊，船从码头驶出时，岸上的人们正在唱着总统的赞美诗。

(SINGING) One God our firm endeavor, one aim most glorious sent, one destiny forever, God bless our President.

（唱）一位上帝，我们坚定的努力，一个最光荣的目标，一个永远的命运，上帝保佑我们的总统。

We saw him wavin.

我们看到他在挥手。

We saw him do that with a handkerchief or something.

我们看到他用手帕之类的东西这样做。

But the people in general they just was wavin, wavin, wavin, wavin, and cryin, and wavin, Cryin and wavin.

但一般人他们只是在挥手，挥手，挥手，挥手，哭泣，挥手，哭泣，挥手。

And the waves appeared to have been in harmony with the song as --as the people were singing and the boat was moving out to sea.

当人们在唱歌、船驶向大海时，波浪似乎与这首歌很和谐。

They felt they was losing their father.

他们觉得自己正在失去父亲。

Somebody so close to em or losing themselves.

有人离他们如此之近，或者迷失了自己。

What are we gonna do.

我们要做什么。

And my mother said until the day she died, she would not forget the sight of Garvey wavin' that white handkerchief as far as she could see the boat.

我母亲说，直到她去世的那一天，她都不会忘记加维挥舞着白手帕的景象，只要她能看到船。

Back in Jamaica, Garvey received a hero's welcome.

回到牙买加，加维受到了英雄般的欢迎。

He and Amy Jacques Garvey settled in Kingston and had two sons.

他和艾米·雅克·加维定居在金斯敦，并育有两个儿子。

He tried his hand at elective office, real estate, an amusement park, a collection agency, and a newspaper.

他尝试过选任办公室、房地产、游乐园、催收机构和报纸。

But when an American court took title to his personal assets and all UNIA property from New York to Kingston, Garvey was forced to declare bankruptcy.

但当美国法院取得了他的个人资产以及从纽约到金斯顿的所有 UNIA 财产的所有权时，加维被迫宣布破产。

Garvey was now a person who had come down in the world.

加维现在已经是一个落魄的人了。

-- And Garvey would be followed by children on the street and they would heckle him.

——加维会在街上被孩子们跟踪，他们会质问他。

And Garvey felt very humiliated by this.

加维对此感到非常羞辱。

Garvey relocated to London in 1935.

1935 年，加维搬到伦敦。

For a time, he had regular speaking engagements and managed to publish a newspaper.

有一段时间，他定期发表演讲，并成功出版了一份报纸。

A handful of UNIA members, including Jacob Mills, migrated to Liberia on their own.

包括雅各布·米尔斯在内的少数 UNIA 成员自行移居利比里亚。

But without Garvey's strong hand, his hundreds of thousands of followers in the United States dwindled to a small band of the faithful.

但如果没有加维的强硬手段，他在美国的数十万追随者就只剩下一小部分忠实信徒。

The men folk, if they had you name and everything and you were a member of the UNIA, you'd lose your job.

男人们，如果他们知道你的名字和一切，而你是 UNIA 的成员，你就会丢掉工作。

So you had to meet in disguise.

所以你们必须乔装相见。

That was one of the reasons why the Garvey Movement was so thorough in being broke up.

这也是加维运动被彻底瓦解的原因之一。

You couldn't say, "I'm a (Unintell.) UNIA member." Or -- "Marcus Garvey." You whispered it, (Whispers) "Marcus Garvey." You could not speak his name.

你不能说：“我是（不知情的）UNIA 成员。”或者——“马库斯·加维”。你低声说道，（低声）“马库斯·加维。”你不能说出他的名字。

Garvey was alone in London.

加维独自一人在伦敦。

The asthma and heart disease that had plagued him in prison began to worsen.

在狱中困扰他的哮喘和心脏病开始恶化。

Garvey had a stroke in January of 1940, and he becomes incapacitated.

1940 年 1 月，加维中风，从此丧失了行动能力。

George Padmore, who was a columnist for The Chicago Defender, had heard a rumor that Garvey had died and instead of confirming this, he published a premature obituary.

《芝加哥捍卫者报》专栏作家乔治·帕德莫尔听到加维去世的传闻后，他没有证实这一消息，而是过早地发布了讣告。

The obituary described Garvey as a man whose followers had deserted him; a man who died "broke, alone and unpopular".

讣告将加维描述为一个被追随者抛弃的人。一个“身无分文、孤独且不受欢迎”而死的人。

When Garvey reads it, he lets out a loud moan and he collapses.

当加维读到它时，他大声呻吟了一声，然后倒下了。

He suffers a second stroke and next morning he dies.

他第二次中风，第二天早上就去世了。

The date was June 10, 1940.

日期是 1940 年 6 月 10 日。

Marcus Garvey died a forgotten man.

马库斯·加维在一个被遗忘的人中死去。

But his vision of Africa would influence future generations of what he called ,"the beloved and scattered millions of the Negro race." When Garvey's passionate ideas about black pride and independence finally took hold, he would be revered by many as a prophet and a saint.

但他对非洲的愿景将影响他所称的“数以百万计的心爱而分散的黑人种族”的后代。当加维关于黑人骄傲和独立的热情想法最终站稳脚跟时，他将被许多人尊为先知和圣人。

"In death I shall be a terror to the foes of Negro liberty.

“死后，我将成为黑人自由的敌人的恐惧。

Look for me in the whirlwind or the song of the storm; look for me all around you."

在旋风或风暴之歌中寻找我；在你周围找我。”

In his fifty-three years, Marcus Garvey never set foot in Africa.

马库斯·加维五十三岁了，从未踏足过非洲。

I dreamed a dream that he came and I saw him.

我梦见他来了，我看见了他。

And he said to me, "Barnes, do not be worried for everything is working according to plan.

他对我说：“巴恩斯，别担心，一切都按计划进行。

I am not dead.

我没有死。

I am only sleeping."

我只是在睡觉。”

The organization left a legacy of "I am," simply, "I am", with no apology.

该组织留下了“我是”的遗产，简单地说，“我是”，没有道歉。

"I am." We had never had that up to that time.

“我是。”直到那时我们还从未有过这样的经历。

We belonged to churches where we sang, but Garvey made you stand tall and quiet, looking into the future.

我们属于我们唱歌的教堂，但加维让你昂首挺胸，安静地展望未来。

And that's a great legacy.

这是一项伟大的遗产。