Freedom Summer

Singing: : Hear that freedom train a-comin.

唱歌：：听到自由列车a-comin。

Hear that freedom train a-comin.

听说自由列车来了。

Well, hear that freedom train a-comin.

好吧，听听自由列车来了。

Karin Kunstler, Volunteer: : Spending a summer in Mississippi taught me a lot about this country.

Karin Kunstler，志愿者：：在密西西比州度过的一个夏天让我学到了很多关于这个国家的知识。

My high school social studies teacher taught me that we all have rights.

我的高中社会研究老师告诉我，我们都有权利。

Mississippi summer taught me that we didn't all have rights.

密西西比州的夏天告诉我，我们并不都有权利。

Singing: : They'll be coming by the thousands.

唱歌：：他们将会有成千上万的人前来。

They'll be coming by the thousands.

他们将会有成千上万的人前来。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : When we began to go to Mississippi, the black people we met there were not interested in lunch counters.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：当我们开始前往密西西比州时，我们在那里遇到的黑人对午餐柜台不感兴趣。

They weren't interested in sitting in the front of the bus.

他们对坐在公共汽车前排不感兴趣。

There were no lunch counters.

没有午餐柜台。

There were no buses.

没有公共汽车。

They wanted to vote.

他们想投票。

Singing: : It'll be carrying registered voters.

唱歌：：它将载有登记选民。

It'll be carrying registered voters...

它将载有登记选民......

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : I just made up my mind that I was going to be a registered voter.

佩吉·简·康纳 (Peggy Jean Connor)，密西西比州居民：我刚刚下定决心要成为一名登记选民。

I never wanted to be a politician.

我从来不想成为一名政治家。

I just wanted the right to vote.

我只是想要投票权。

Dudley Conner, Lawyer (archival): : I don't want the niggra as I have known him and contacted him during my lifetime, to control the making of the law that controls me, to control the government in which I live.

达德利·康纳（Dudley Conner），律师（档案）：：我不想让我认识他并在我有生之年与他接触过的黑鬼来控制控制我的法律的制定，控制我所居住的政府。

Singing: : It'll be growing through Mississippi...

歌唱：：它将在密西西比州蔓延……

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : I don't think people understand how violent Mississippi was.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：我认为人们不理解密西西比州有多暴力。

Terrorism led black people to the obvious conclusion if they try and vote, they're messing with white folks' business, and they can get hurt or killed.

恐怖主义让黑人得出了一个明显的结论：如果他们尝试投票，他们就会扰乱白人的事务，他们可能会受伤或被杀。

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : We hope to send into Mississippi this summer, upwards of 1,000 students from all around the country who will engage in what we're calling Freedom Schools, community center programs, voter registration activity, and, in general, a program designed to open up Mississippi to the country.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：我们希望今年夏天从全国各地派遣超过 1,000 名学生进入密西西比州，他们将参与我们所说的自由学校、社区中心项目、选民登记活动，以及旨在向全国开放密西西比州的总体项目。

Reporter (archival audio): : The burned out station wagon in which the three Civil Rights workers were last seen has been processed by FBI laboratory investigators...

记者（档案音频）：：最后一次见到三名民权工作者的那辆被烧毁的旅行车已由联邦调查局实验室调查员处理……

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer: : I knew it was going to be bad.

组织者 Dorothy Zellner：我知道这会很糟糕。

I didn't dream for a minute that people would be killed.

我没有想到有人会被杀。

But it was always in the back of everybody's mind that something, that things, bad things, were going to happen.

但每个人的内心深处总是有一些事情，一些不好的事情，即将发生。

So it was terrifying.

所以这很可怕。

But if you cared about this country and you cared about democracy, then you had to go down there.

但如果你关心这个国家并且关心民主，那么你就必须去那里。

Singing: : I'm going down to Mississippi.

唱歌：：我要去密西西比州。

I'm going down a Southern road.

我要沿着南边的路走。

And if you never see me again, remember that I had to go.

如果你再也见不到我，请记住我必须离开。

Remember that I had to go.

请记住我必须走。

Reporter (archival audio): : The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, a militant group in the South with support from other major Civil Rights organizations, is readying a massive program called The Mississippi Summer Project, a campaign that may have no parallel since the days of Reconstruction.

记者（档案音频）：学生非暴力协调委员会是南方的一个激进组织，在其他主要民权组织的支持下，正在准备一项名为“密西西比州夏季项目”的大规模计划，这项运动自重建以来可能没有类似的活动。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : I'd heard about Mississippi all of my life growing up, but nonetheless the fact that the people in Mississippi couldn't vote was just a shock even to me there in Memphis.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：我从小就听说过密西西比州，但尽管如此，密西西比州的人民无法投票这一事实即使对孟菲斯的我来说也感到震惊。

I thought that it was very important to go to Mississippi and make a statement about the horrors that confronted black people there.

我认为前往密西西比州并就那里黑人所面临的恐怖发表声明非常重要。

Reporter (archival): : This Ivy League campus is one of the staging bases for an invasion of Mississippi by college students.

记者（档案）：：这个常春藤盟校校园是大学生入侵密西西比州的集结基地之一。

The students are being recruited all over the United States from Harvard to Hawaii.

从哈佛到夏威夷，美国各地正在招募学生。

They will go to live in Mississippi this summer to fight for the Negroes' Civil Rights.

今年夏天他们将前往密西西比州居住，为黑人的民权而战。

Patti Miller, Volunteer: : I first heard about Freedom Summer in the spring of 1964.

帕蒂·米勒（Patti Miller），志愿者：：我第一次听说“自由之夏”是在 1964 年春天。

I saw a brochure on the bulletin board at Drake University where I was a student -- which is in Iowa -- and it just caught my eye immediately.

我在爱荷华州德雷克大学的布告栏上看到了一本小册子，我是该大学的学生，它立即引起了我的注意。

Tracy Sugarman, Volunteer: : I had been making drawings for corporations and colleges, and my wife June felt very deeply about the injustice in the country, as did I, so we decided that I would take my skills as an illustrator and go to Mississippi.

特雷西·休格曼（Tracy Sugarman），志愿者：：我一直在为公司和大学画画，我的妻子琼和我一样对这个国家的不公正感触很深，所以我们决定利用我作为插画家的技能去密西西比州。

I was 20 years older than they were, but I was part of the group.

我比他们大20岁，但我是这个群体的一员。

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer: : My job was recruiting.

Dorothy Zellner，组织者：：我的工作是招聘。

Students heard about the project either through me or the campus newspaper.

学生们通过我或校园报纸听说了这个项目。

Then they contacted us for an interview and for an application.

然后他们联系我们进行面试和申请。

Andrew Goodman, in a letter (Actor, audio): : I am a Junior at Queens College majoring in anthropology.

安德鲁·古德曼（Andrew Goodman）在一封信中（演员，音频）：：我是皇后学院人类学专业的大三学生。

My schooling so far has been oriented toward history, and I have good knowledge of current affairs.

到目前为止，我所接受的教育都是以历史为导向的，而且我对时事有很好的了解。

Finally, I have a good deal of experience with racial and religious prejudices in the north and south.

最后，我对北方和南方的种族和宗教偏见有丰富的经验。

-- Andrew Goodman

——安德鲁·古德曼

Linda Wetmore, in a letter (audio): : I have just returned from a spring project on a voter registration drive in Raleigh, North Carolina, where I was filled with an overwhelming desire to clean the rot out of America.

琳达·韦特莫尔（Linda Wetmore）在一封信（音频）中：：我刚刚从北卡罗来纳州罗利市的选民登记活动春季项目回来，在那里我充满了清除美国腐败的强烈愿望。

All I can say is that its very important to me that I play my role in Civil Rights for the U.S. and most of all for myself.

我只能说，对我来说，在美国民权运动中发挥自己的作用非常重要，尤其是对我自己来说。

-- Linda Wetmore

——琳达·韦特莫尔

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer: : We were looking for people who believed that this was important, who would be respectful to the black community, who were not nutcases, who were not divas, and who were not people who were going down to show the world how great they were.

组织者多萝西·泽尔纳（Dorothy Zellner）：我们正在寻找那些相信这很重要的人，他们会尊重黑人社区，他们不是疯子，不是女主角，也不是那些向世界展示自己有多么伟大的人。

This was a majority black organization.

这是一个以黑人为主的组织。

With black people telling white people what to do.

黑人告诉白人该做什么。

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer (Archival): : Now, so let's say you're in Mississippi and Bob Moses, who's the director of the project comes over to you and says, Phil, will you spend the next four weeks typing index cards or some other task that you might not care for very much.

Dorothy Zellner，组织者（档案）： 现在，假设您在密西西比州，项目总监鲍勃·摩西 (Bob Moses) 过来对您说，菲尔，您是否愿意在接下来的四个星期内打印索引卡或其他一些您可能不太关心的任务。

What would you re-, how would you react to that?

你会重新做什么，你对此有何反应？

Volunteer Applicant (Archival): : I would certainly say yes, but I would hope that, I do hope that I can participate more actively in the movement, if this is where he wants me to be, of course that's what I'll do.

志愿者申请人（档案）：：我当然会说是，但是我希望，我确实希望我能够更积极地参与到运动中，如果这是他想要我去的地方，那我当然会这么做。

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer: : We turned down people.

组织者 Dorothy Zellner：我们拒绝了一些人。

There were many more people who wanted to go, but from the point of view of safety, for the whole project, we had to have people who were as together as you can be when you're 19 or 20.

想去的人还有很多，但是从安全的角度来说，整个项目，我们必须要有像19岁、20岁的时候一样在一起的人。

Larry Rubin, Organizer: : When we sure that Freedom Summer would actually happen, Jim Forman, the executive director of SNCC, sent a number of people who would be paid field staff into Mississippi to help pave the way.

拉里·鲁宾（Larry Rubin），组织者：当我们确信“自由之夏”确实会发生时，SNCC 的执行董事吉姆·福尔曼（Jim Forman）派遣了一些将获得现场工作人员报酬的人员前往密西西比州帮助铺平道路。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : Part of the application process to be considered as part of the field staff was to write a letter of application.

Rita Schwerner Bender，组织者： ：作为现场工作人员的申请流程的一部分是写一封申请信。

And this is part of the letter that I wrote: "I wish to become an active participant rather than a passive onlooker.

这是我写的信的一部分：“我希望成为一个积极的参与者，而不是一个被动的旁观者。

As my husband and I are in close agreement as to our philosophy and involvement in the Civil Rights struggle, I wish to work near him in whatever capacity I may be most useful.

由于我和丈夫在我们的理念和对民权斗争的参与方面非常一致，我希望以我可能最有用的任何身份在他身边工作。

My hope is to someday pass on to the children we may have a world containing more respect for the dignity and worth of all men than that world which was willed to us."

我的希望是有一天我们可以把一个世界传递给孩子们，这个世界比我们所希望的世界更加尊重所有人的尊严和价值。”

Reporter (archival): : For these students it will be a longer, hotter summer than for almost anyone else in this country.

记者（档案）：对于这些学生来说，这将是一个比这个国家几乎任何其他人都更长、更热的夏天。

But they believe their project will be a breakthrough in the Civil Rights battle.

但他们相信他们的项目将成为民权斗争的突破。

Their motto, "Crack Mississippi, and you crack the whole South."

他们的座右铭是：“破解密西西比州，就破解了整个南方。”

Hollis Watkins, Organizer: : From a early age on I was told as a young black boy, "If you see white people walking down the sidewalk, especially if it's a man, you step off to the side and drop your head until he passed by, because if you didn't he might consider that to be disrespectful, and he might hit you, he might kick you, he might beat you."

霍利斯·沃特金斯（Hollis Watkins），组织者：：从很小的时候起，当我还是一个年轻的黑人男孩时，我就被告知，“如果你看到白人走在人行道上，特别是如果是一个男人，你要走到一边并低下头，直到他经过，因为如果你不这样做，他可能会认为这是不尊重的，他可能会打你，他可能会踢你，他可能会打你。”

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : My grandfather, he would take me with him to downtown Hattiesburg to pay bills.

安东尼·哈里斯 (Anthony Harris)，密西西比州居民： ：我的祖父，他会带我去哈蒂斯堡市中心支付账单。

And I remember my grandfather wore a straw hat with this colorful blue band around the hat.

我记得我的祖父戴着一顶草帽，帽子周围有一条彩色的蓝色带子。

And as a white person approached us on the sidewalk or the entry way or the crosswalk, he would tip his hat in what I would call an extra show of deference.

当一个白人在人行道、入口处或人行横道上接近我们时，他会向我们致敬，我称之为额外的尊重。

And by the time my grandfather and I reached back to his house we had bowed so many times to white people.

当我和祖父回到他家时，我们已经向白人鞠了很多次礼。

They taught young kids like myself how to play the role of that second-class citizen.

他们教像我这样的小孩子如何扮演二等公民的角色。

Wally Butterworth, Radio Host: There are a lot of phonies who will stand up and tell you that, "Oh well all are equal in the eyes of God." How silly can you get?

沃利·巴特沃斯（Wally Butterworth），电台主持人：有很多骗子会站起来告诉你，“哦，在上帝眼中，人人平等。”你能傻到什么程度？

Christ himself was the greatest teacher of segregation.

基督本人就是最伟大的种族隔离老师。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Mississippi really stood like an island of resistance.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：密西西比确实像一座抵抗之岛。

There were only 6.7% of blacks were registered to vote prior to Freedom Summer compared to 50, 60, or 70% in other southern states.

在“自由之夏”之前，只有 6.7% 的黑人登记投票，而其他南部各州的这一比例为 50%、60% 或 70%。

Most of the rest of America didn't seem to care, and that's what Freedom Summer was about.

美国其他大多数人似乎并不关心，这就是“自由之夏”的意义所在。

"If we bring white students and black students from all over the country, then everyone will pay attention in Mississippi.

“如果我们把来自全国各地的白人学生和黑人学生带来，那么每个人都会关注密西西比州。

We'll bring America to Mississippi because America is not paying attention to Mississippi."

我们将把美国带到密西西比州，因为美国并没有关注密西西比州。”

William Winter, State Treasurer: : In the '50s and '60s, particularly in the old plantation agricultural areas of the state, African Americans made up at least half and in many, and in some cases 70 or 80 percent of the population.

州财政部长威廉·温特 (William Winter)：在 50 年代和 60 年代，特别是在该州的老种植园农业区，非洲裔美国人至少占人口的一半，在某些情况下占人口的 70% 或 80%。

And in some counties, of course, there was a realistic understanding that if black people voted they probably would be electing black officials.

当然，在一些县，人们有一种现实的认识，即如果黑人投票，他们可能会选举黑人官员。

A lot of white people thought that African Americans in the South would literally take over, and white people would have to move.

许多白人认为南方的非裔美国人实际上会接管，白人必须搬走。

They would have to get out of the state.

他们必须离开该州。

William J.

威廉·J.

Simmons (archival): : I was born in Mississippi and I am the product of the society in which I was raised, and I have a vested interest in that society, and I along with a million other white Mississippians will do everything in our power to protect that vested interest.

西蒙斯（档案）：：我出生在密西西比州，我是我长大的社会的产物，我在那个社会中拥有既得利益，我和其他一百万密西西比白人将尽一切努力保护这一既得利益。

William Scarborough, Citizens' Council Member: : There was no Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi during this early period.

威廉·斯卡伯勒（William Scarborough），公民委员会成员：：早期密西西比州并没有三K党。

There wasn't any need for one.

没有任何必要。

The Citizens' Council was doing everything the Ku Klux Klan would have done.

公民委员会正在做三K党会做的一切。

There were a lot of prominent people who were members: businessmen, bankers, lawyers, politians.

成员中有很多知名人士：商人、银行家、律师、政治家。

I joined it because I believed in what they were doing and I believed in trying to preserve the society in which we lived.

我加入它是因为我相信他们正在做的事情，并且我相信要努力保护我们所生活的社会。

Citizens' Council Announcer (archival audio): : This is the Citizens' Council Forum, the American viewpoint with a southern accent.

公民委员会播音员（档案音频）：：这是公民委员会论坛，带有南方口音的美国观点。

John Dittmer, Historian: : The Citizens' Council was really running the State of Mississippi.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)：：密西西比州实际上是由公民委员会管理的。

It was part of the whole apparatus of a white supremacist society that you had the local police, you had the registrar, you had everyone involved in the Citizens' Council.

这是白人至上主义社会整个机构的一部分，你有当地警察，你有登记员，你有每个人都参与公民委员会。

They succeeded in preventing almost all blacks who attempted to register from registering to vote.

他们成功地阻止了几乎所有试图登记的黑人登记投票。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : Political participation was something reserved for whites, and if blacks sought it they could get hurt in lots of different ways ranging from economic reprisals, loss of jobs, or if you had a business, restrictions are being placed on your business, or if you had a loan, your loan being called in.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：政治参与是白人的专利，如果黑人寻求政治参与，他们可能会以多种不同的方式受到伤害，包括经济报复、失业，或者如果你有生意，你的生意会受到限制，或者如果你有贷款，你的贷款就会被收回。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : The common theory about Mississippi was that you could not attack Mississippi from the inside.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：关于密西西比州的普遍理论是，你无法从内部攻击密西西比州。

It had to be attacked from the outside.

必须从外部对其进行攻击。

You had to stand away and say, "This is an awful place and it ought to fix itself."

你必须站到一边说：“这是一个糟糕的地方，它应该自行修复。”

But Bob Moses and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee said, "That's not true.

但鲍勃·摩西和学生非暴力协调委员会说：“这不是真的。

We can do it ourselves."

我们可以自己做。”

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Bob Moses was a high school teacher in New York City.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：鲍勃·摩西（Bob Moses）是纽约市的一名高中教师。

He went south in 1960 originally just feeling he had to go, had to get involved.

1960年他南下，最初只是觉得他必须走，必须参与其中。

SNCC sent him to Mississippi.

SNCC把他送到密西西比州。

He started going around on his own in the rural areas where people simply didn't go and challenge the status quo.

他开始独自在农村地区四处走动，那里的人们根本不去挑战现状。

Eleanor Holmes Norton, Organizer: : What made him stand out was not only his sheer courage, but his calm courage.

埃莉诺·霍姆斯·诺顿（Eleanor Holmes Norton），组织者：：让他脱颖而出的不仅是他纯粹的勇气，还有他冷静的勇气。

I can't tell you that Bob Moses was afraid, 'cause he never showed it.

我不能告诉你鲍勃·摩西很害怕，因为他从来没有表现出来。

He just went about his work, and there was this calm sense of mission.

他只是专注于自己的工作，有一种平静的使命感。

Ivanhoe Donaldson, Organizer: : Bob went over there by himself in 1961, and by the end of '61, maybe there were five or six SNCC people in the state.

艾芬豪·唐纳森（Ivanhoe Donaldson），组织者：：鲍勃在 1961 年独自去了那里，到 61 年底，该州可能有五六个 SNCC 人。

In '62, maybe there were 18, 19.

62 年，可能有 18、19 个。

And in '63, maybe there were 23, 24.

63 年，也许有 23、24 个。

And we'd have a staff meeting -- we all could fit in one little room.

我们要召开一次员工会议——我们都可以挤在一个小房间里。

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : Young people working with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC as we call it, are characterized by restless energy.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：在学生非暴力协调委员会（我们称之为 SNCC）工作的年轻人的特点是精力充沛。

They seek radical change in race relations in the United States.

他们寻求彻底改变美国的种族关系。

Their world is upset, and they feel that if they are ever going to get it straight, they must upset it more.

他们的世界被打乱了，他们觉得如果他们想要把事情搞清楚，就必须更加打乱它。

Eleanor Holmes Norton, Organizer: : I don't want anybody to think that we were a bunch of really brave Negroes running around Mississippi!

埃莉诺·霍姆斯·诺顿（Eleanor Holmes Norton），组织者：：我不想让任何人认为我们是一群在密西西比州奔跑的非常勇敢的黑人！

That's not what we were.

我们本来就不是这样的。

The reason that SNCC, as it were, opened up the Delta is we were young and foolish.

SNCC之所以开放三角洲地区，是因为我们年轻而愚蠢。

We didn't have the very complete understanding of what that risk was.

我们对风险是什么没有非常完整的了解。

But what impressed me was that there were black Mississippians who did know, who did know how dangerous it was.

但令我印象深刻的是，密西西比黑人确实知道，他们确实知道这有多危险。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : We met this cadre of older people who had been fighting.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：我们遇到了这群一直在战斗的老年人。

They were eager for our help and glad we were there.

他们渴望我们的帮助，并很高兴我们在那里。

Bob Moses, Organizer: : They knew that the key to unlocking Mississippi revolved around the vote.

鲍勃·摩西（Bob Moses），组织者：：他们知道打开密西西比河的钥匙在于投票。

And the access for black people to power at that time has got to be through the vote.

当时黑人获得权力必须通过投票。

What was useful was that I was open and accustomed to listening.

有用的是我持开放态度并习惯于倾听。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : What we were trying to do was to organize these communities to take possession of their own lives.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：我们试图做的是组织这些社区来掌控自己的生活。

For the last hundred years the ability of black people to control their own destiny had been taken away from them.

在过去的一百年里，黑人掌控自己命运的能力被剥夺了。

Female SNCC Worker (archival): : Alright, I'm Idel Crest and I'm working for the board of registration.

SNCC 女工人（档案）： ：好的，我是 Idel Crest，在登记委员会工作。

Hollis Watkins, Organizer: : When I got hooked up with Bob Moses, it was very simple.

霍利斯·沃特金斯 (Hollis Watkins)，组织者： ：当我与鲍勃·摩西 (Bob Moses) 交往时，事情非常简单。

Go out through the community, you knock on doors, talk to people.

走出社区，敲门，与人们交谈。

Male SNCC Worker (archival): : The only way to better your life, better the lives of your children is to go down and register to vote.

SNCC 男性工人（档案）： ：改善您的生活、改善您的孩子的生活的唯一方法就是下去登记投票。

If you're not a registered voter, you're not a first class citizen.

如果您不是登记选民，那么您就不是一等公民。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : We would tell them that if they registered and voted, they could elect the sheriff, and that the intimidation on the part of the sheriff's office and his deputies, they could change that.

查尔斯·麦克劳林（Charles McLaurin），组织者：：我们会告诉他们，如果他们登记并投票，他们就可以选举治安官，并且治安官办公室及其副手的恐吓，他们可以改变这一点。

One of the things that I always tell them is that we could stop Mr. Charlie from lynching us.

我总是告诉他们的一件事是我们可以阻止查理先生对我们私刑。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : You're sitting on front porches, or you're walking out into a cotton field, or maybe you're at the juke joint having a beer.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：你坐在前廊上，或者你正走向棉花田，或者你可能正在自动唱机酒吧喝啤酒。

What we were doing was embedding ourselves in these communities.

我们所做的就是将自己融入这些社区。

Female SNCC Worker (archival): : You have your certificate showing that you are a registered voter?

SNCC 女工作人员（档案）： ：您有证明您是登记选民的证明吗？

Female SNCC Worker (archival): : Well you aren't a registered voter, mister.

SNCC 女工作人员（档案）： ：先生，您不是登记选民。

We want you to come down to the courthouse tomorrow.

我们希望你明天来法院。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : Immediately, what you found out you were dealing with was fear.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：你立刻发现自己面对的是恐惧。

Female SNCC Worker (archival): : So why not go tomorrow?

SNCC 女工（档案）： ：那为什么不明天就去呢？

We will plenish your transportation.

我们将完善您的交通。

So that's no excuse.

所以这不是借口。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : They would say, "You're right, boy.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：他们会说，“你是对的，孩子。

We should be registered to vote, but I ain't goin' down there to mess with 'em white people."

我们应该登记投票，但我不会去那里扰乱白人。”

Male SNCC Worker (archival): : Would you like to go to both of these poling places?

SNCC 男性工人（档案）： ：您想去这两个警戒点吗？

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : We did not get a large number of people to try and register to vote, and then if within that small group of people who did try and register to vote, very few of them actually got registered to vote.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：我们没有让大量的人尝试登记投票，然后，如果在尝试登记投票的一小群人中，实际上很少有人登记投票。

James Forman, SNCC Executive Secretary (archival): Other people are standing in the courthouse.

SNCC 执行秘书 James Forman（档案）：法院里还站着其他人。

We can't see why we have to stand out here in the rain in order to register to vote.

我们不明白为什么我们必须冒着雨站在这里登记投票。

It's a denial of our constitutional rights.

这是对我们宪法权利的否定。

Town Clerk (archival): : Your section of the constitution that I choose for you is number 48.

镇书记员（档案）：：我为您选择的宪法第 48 条是您的部分。

John Dittmer, Historian: : The registrar had total control over who was accepted and who wasn't.

约翰·迪特默（John Dittmer），历史学家：：登记员完全控制谁被接受，谁不被接受。

The voting form was one of the most complicated you would ever, ever have, and as part of that, each person would have to interpret a section of the state constitution.

投票表格是有史以来最复杂的表格之一，作为其中的一部分，每个人都必须解释州宪法的一部分。

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : We had people who taught in colleges.

Peggy Jean Connor，密西西比州居民：：我们有人在大学教书。

We had people with the Ph.D, Master degrees and all, and they couldn't pass it.

我们有拥有博士学位、硕士学位等等的人，但他们都无法通过考试。

You had to be white.

你必须是白人。

Clerk (archival): : No Jennings, you didn't pass it.

职员（档案）：：不，詹宁斯，你没有通过。

You see there.

你看那儿。

You didn't fill out the-- you just filled out that part, and, look, you didn't write anything in there.

你没有填写——你只是填写了那部分，而且，看，你没有在里面写任何东西。

You didn't pass it.

你没有通过。

Reverend Ed King, Organizer: : Sometimes the sheriff would walk into the room while they were taking the voting test and say, "Annie Mae, don't you work for my mother-in-law?

组织者艾德·金牧师： 有时，当他们参加投票测试时，治安官会走进房间说：“安妮·梅，你不是为我岳母工作吗？

My mother-in-law would be horrified if she knew you were taking this test.

如果我婆婆知道你参加这个测试，她一定会感到震惊。

Now, Annie Mae, I'll tell you, if you'll just put that paper down, I'll tear it up and I won't tell my mother-in-law."

现在，安妮·梅，我告诉你，如果你把那张纸放下，我会把它撕掉，我不会告诉我婆婆。”

John Dittmer, Historian: : In some counties, when people went in to register, why, their names would appear in the newspaper the next day.

约翰·迪特默，历史学家：：在一些县，当人们去登记时，为什么，他们的名字第二天就会出现在报纸上。

That could have recriminations for all members of their family.

这可能会引起他们所有家庭成员的相互指责。

It could mean they would lose their job.

这可能意味着他们将失去工作。

There were real consequences to taking this risk.

冒这个风险会产生真正的后果。

It wasn't simply that you would go down and get turned away.

不仅仅是你会倒下并被拒绝。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : On August 31st, 1962, we had 18 people to register.

Charles McLaurin，组织者： ：1962 年 8 月 31 日，我们有 18 人报名。

Everybody went into the registrar's office, took the literacy test, came out, and as we were leaving the city, the bus was stopped by the police, and the driver was arrested.

每个人都走进登记处，参加了识字测试，然后出来，当我们离开这座城市时，公共汽车被警察拦住了，司机被捕了。

Everybody on the bus was afraid.

公交车上的每个人都很害怕。

And then after a while, there was a little smooth song, you know, "Paul and Silas bound in jail, had no money for to go their bail." And somebody said, "That's Fannie Lou Hamer."

过了一会儿，传来一首流畅的歌曲，你知道，“保罗和西拉斯被关进监狱，没有钱保释。”有人说：“那是范妮·卢·哈默。”

Fannie Lou Hamer, Organizer (archival): : I went down the 31st of August to try to register, and after I had gotten back home, Mr. Marlo told me that I would have to go down and withdraw my registration or leave, because they wasn't ready for that in Mississippi.

Fannie Lou Hamer，组织者（档案）：：我于 8 月 31 日去尝试登记，当我回到家后，马洛先生告诉我，我必须下去并撤回我的登记或离开，因为密西西比州他们还没有准备好。

And I said, "Mr. Marlo I'm trying to register for myself." So I had to leave that same night.

我说：“马洛先生，我正在尝试为自己注册。”所以我必须在当天晚上离开。

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : She has this confrontation then leaves the plantation and comes into Ruleville and eventually becomes someone who is a SNCC Field Secretary.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：她发生了这次冲突，然后离开种植园，来到鲁尔维尔，最终成为 SNCC 现场秘书。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : One of the important things about recruiting Fannie Lou Hamer was her ability to move people.

Charles McLaurin，组织者：：招募 Fannie Lou Hamer 的重要因素之一是她感动人心的能力。

Fannie Lou Hamer brought a new kind of spirit into the movement, and I think she kind of rejuvenated all of us.

范妮·卢·哈默（Fannie Lou Hamer）为这场运动带来了一种新的精神，我认为她让我们所有人都焕发了活力。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Organizer (archival): : I've been tired a long time in the state of Mississippi.

Fannie Lou Hamer，组织者（档案）：：我在密西西比州已经累了很长时间了。

Living in the county with James O.

与 James O. 住在县里。

Eastland, the Senator, Senator Stennis to go to Washington and tell the people that the people of Mississippi, the Negroes, are getting along good and we're satisfied.

伊斯特兰参议员，斯坦尼斯参议员去华盛顿告诉人民，密西西比州的人民，黑人，相处得很好，我们很满意。

But I want him to know this, both of them, we are not satisfied and we haven't been satisfied a long time.

但我想让他知道这一点，他们俩，我们都不满意，而且我们已经很久没有满意了。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : We'd been accustomed to men standing up and challenging the movement, but here is a woman, a black woman.

安东尼·哈里斯（Anthony Harris），密西西比州居民：我们已经习惯了男人站起来挑战运动，但这里有一个女人，一个黑人女人。

And her message to us was, "Don't give up.

她给我们的信息是：“不要放弃。

Freedom is not free.

自由不是免费的。

Keep fighting.

继续战斗。

Keep fighting.

继续战斗。

Keep fighting."

继续战斗。”

Ivanhoe Donaldson, Organizer: : As SNCC became more active in the Delta -- the Mississippi Delta where Greenwood is in the heart of Leflore County.

艾芬豪·唐纳森 (Ivanhoe Donaldson)，组织者： 随着 SNCC 在三角洲（密西西比三角洲）变得更加活跃，格林伍德位于勒弗洛尔县的中心地带。

We started to create visibility around voter registration, and people started going to the courthouse.

我们开始提高选民登记的透明度，人们开始前往法院。

If people tried to vote they would push 'em off the land, so they had no place to live.

如果人们试图投票，他们就会把他们赶出土地，这样他们就没有地方住了。

They took away their homes.

他们夺走了他们的家园。

African American people there who had small businesses, the banks called their notes.

那里的非洲裔美国人有小生意，银行给他们打电话。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : Even though there were very few people being brought down to try and register to vote, the white power engaged in an act of reprisal directed at the entire black community.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：尽管很少有人被打倒去尝试登记投票，但白人权力却对整个黑人社区进行了报复。

What they did was shut down the commodities program.

他们所做的是关闭大宗商品计划。

What it was, was government surplus food that was sent to poor rural areas.

它是政府剩余的食物，被送到贫困的农村地区。

The county official said, "Well, no, we're not gonna have that," which is, essentially, put black people and poor people in a position where they could starve during the winter.

县官员说，“嗯，不，我们不会那样做”，这本质上是让黑人和穷人在冬天可能挨饿。

And this was an especially bad winter.

这是一个特别糟糕的冬天。

Amzie Moore, Organizer (archival): : I just keep wondering how they gonna eat and what they gonna wear.

Amzie Moore，组织者（档案）：：我一直想知道他们会如何吃、穿什么。

Because they have no money, they have no food, and they have no clothing.

因为他们没有钱，没有食物，没有衣服。

They have no way to buy food and clothing.

他们没有办法购买食物和衣服。

We have appealed to people all over the United States to send food and clothing in.

我们呼吁美国各地的人们送来食物和衣服。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : What would happen next would eventually reshape the direction of the movement in Mississippi.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：接下来发生的事情最终将重塑密西西比州运动的方向。

Dick Gregory was then a big-time comedian, flies into Greenwood, MS, in his own chartered airplane full of food to meet the need as a result of this cut-off of commodities.

迪克·格雷戈里（Dick Gregory）当时是一位著名的喜剧演员，他乘坐自己的包机飞往密西西比州格林伍德，满载食物以满足因商品中断而产生的需求。

Reporter (archival): : Dick, how much food did you bring with you on this trip?

记者（档案）：：迪克，您此行带了多少食物？

Dick Gregory, Comedian (archival): : We brought something like 14,000 pounds on this trip here.

迪克·格雷戈里 (Dick Gregory)，喜剧演员（档案）： ：这次旅行我们带了大约 14,000 英镑的东西。

Canned food, milk, baby food, cereal, wheat, flour, sugar, potatoes.

罐头食品、牛奶、婴儿食品、麦片、小麦、面粉、糖、土豆。

John Dittmer, Historian: : You had the news media coming in, and soon these pictures were going out all over the world of what was happening in Greenwood, Mississippi, where several months before it had been a very much of a small operation with little visibility at all.

约翰·迪特默（John Dittmer），历史学家：新闻媒体不断涌入，很快这些照片就传遍了全世界，记录了密西西比州格林伍德发生的事情，几个月前，那里还只是一个非常小的行动，几乎没有知名度。

Bob Clark, ABC News (archival): : City officials deny the winter long cut-off of food allotment was retaliation for the negro voting drive, but the sharecropper who tries to register to vote often faces the threat of losing his job and being put off the plantation.

鲍勃·克拉克（Bob Clark），美国广播公司新闻（档案）：：市政府官员否认冬季长期切断粮食分配是对黑人投票活动的报复，但试图登记投票的佃农经常面临失业和被推迟种植园的威胁。

Bob Clark, ABC, Greenwood, Mississippi.

鲍勃·克拉克 (Bob Clark)，美国广播公司 (ABC)，密西西比州格林伍德。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : It shows us that it's possible to make the country pay attention to Mississippi.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者： ：它向我们表明，让全国关注密西西比州是可能的。

Gregory's action indicates to Mississippians that they didn't have to be alone.

格雷戈里的行动向密西西比人表明，他们不必孤单。

Ivanhoe Donaldson, Organizer: : The American people only see what's on television at night on the Evening News.

艾芬豪·唐纳森（Ivanhoe Donaldson），组织者：：美国人民只在晚上看晚间新闻的电视节目。

So where, Dick Gregory created a lot of drama and the cameras were there and then it went away.

所以，迪克·格雷戈里创造了很多戏剧性的场面，摄像机就在那里，然后就消失了。

We wanted to figure out how to do that for the entire summer to invite the children of America into Mississippi so that they'd pay attention to what was going on in Mississippi.

我们想弄清楚如何在整个夏天邀请美国的孩子们来到密西西比州，以便他们关注密西西比州正在发生的事情。

And from that Mississippi Summer Project evolved.

密西西比夏季项目就是从这个项目演变而来的。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : Most of the organizers in Mississippi were opposed to the idea of the Mississippi Summer Project, which meant essentially bringing down, I think the number we were talking about was roughly 1,000 students.

Charlie Cobb，组织者： 密西西比州的大多数组织者都反对密西西比州夏季项目的想法，这意味着基本上要减少，我认为我们正在谈论的人数大约是 1,000 名学生。

I was one the people who was opposed to Freedom Summer.

我是反对“自由之夏”的人之一。

Reverend Ed King, Organizer: : People in the movement were willing to die, but we didn't want to die in obscurity.

组织者埃德·金牧师：：运动中的人们愿意去死，但我们不想默默无闻地死去。

So if we brought in students, their colleges, their parents would focus on Mississippi.

因此，如果我们引进学生、他们的大学、他们的父母，他们的注意力就会集中在密西西比州。

I supported bringing the volunteers in.

我支持让志愿者进来。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : The experience of people like Mrs. Hamer was that people coming from the outside was a good thing.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者： ：像哈默夫人这样的人的经验是，来自外部的人是一件好事。

Mrs. Hamer backed me up into a corner and said, "Well, Charlie, I'm glad you came.

哈默夫人把我扶到角落里，说道：“好吧，查理，我很高兴你能来。

What's the problem with having more people come?

人多了有什么问题吗？

How can you be opposed?" And eventually we decided to go ahead with Freedom Summer.

你怎么能反对呢？”最终我们决定继续举办“自由之夏”活动。

Once the decision was made to have a summer project, there's a series of meetings and discussions going on then about what the Summer Project is gonna do.

一旦决定开展夏季项目，就会召开一系列会议和讨论，讨论夏季项目将要做什么。

Reporter (archival audio): : The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, a militant group in the South…

记者（档案音频）：：学生非暴力协调委员会，南方的一个激进组织......

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Well there were three components of Freedom Summer.

Bruce Watson，《自由之夏》作者： 自由之夏由三个组成部分组成。

One was voter registration, which would be going door to door, knocking on doors, and asking people if they were willing to go down to the courthouse to register to vote.

其中之一是选民登记，即挨家挨户敲门，询问人们是否愿意去法院登记投票。

The second and very important component of Freedom Summer were the Freedom Schools.

自由之夏的第二个也是非常重要的组成部分是自由学校。

They would teach things that were not taught in black schools in Mississippi.

他们会教授密西西比州黑人学校没有教授的东西。

Black schools in Mississippi couldn't teach about black history.

密西西比州的黑人学校无法教授黑人历史。

They couldn't teach about black literature.

他们无法教授黑人文学。

So, Freedom Schools were set up to do exactly that.

因此，自由学校的成立就是为了做到这一点。

And finally there was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

最后是密西西比自由民主党。

It was a parallel political party, which basically said that, "We will send our own candidates to the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City at the end of August, and we will challenge the all white delegation to see who would represent the state of Mississippi at the convention.

这是一个平行的政党，基本上说，“我们将派自己的候选人参加八月底在大西洋城举行的民主党全国代表大会，我们将挑战全白人代表团，看看谁将代表密西西比州参加大会。

John Dittmer, Historian: : White Mississippians believed that what was going to happen in the summer of '64 was something that not only they had to be psychologically prepared for, they had to be militarily prepared for it as well.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)：密西西比白人相信，64 年夏天将要发生的事情不仅他们必须在心理上做好准备，而且还必须在军事上做好准备。

It shows you the hysteria that was evident in much of white Mississippi.

它向你展示了密西西比州大部分白人的歇斯底里。

Reporter (archival newsreel): : In Jackson, Mississippi, a city of 100,000 whites, 50,000 negroes, the mayor has prepared for this summer's activity by increasing the police forces, by passing new ordinances against demonstrations, and by purchasing a steel-plated vehicle, a riot control car known locally as Thompson's Tank, named for Mayor Allen Thompson.

记者（档案新闻片）：在密西西比州杰克逊市，一座拥有 10 万白人、5 万黑人的城市，市长为今年夏天的活动做好了准备，增加了警察部队，通过了反对示威的新法令，并购买了一辆钢板车，这是一种在当地被称为“汤普森坦克”的防暴车，以市长艾伦·汤普森的名字命名。

Allen Thompson, Mayor, Jackson, Mississippi (archival): : We are prepared to take care of any law violations to keep down violence.

密西西比州杰克逊市市长艾伦·汤普森（档案）：：我们准备处理任何违法行为，以遏制暴力。

Reporter (archival newsreel): : In addition to Thompson's Tank, armor plated and equipped with nine machine gun positions, the arsenal includes cage trucks for transporting masses of arrested violators, search light trucks, each of which can light three city blocks in case of night riots.

记者（档案新闻片）：除了配备9个机枪位的装甲汤普森坦克外，军火库还包括用于运送大量被捕违法者的笼式卡车和探照灯卡车，每辆探照灯卡车可以在夜间骚乱时照亮三个城市街区。

John Dittmer, Historian: : The Citizens' Council had convinced people that the Klan wasn't necessary, that it was bad publicity, and that they could keep schools from being desegregated, they could keep lunch counters from being integrated.

约翰·迪特默（John Dittmer），历史学家：公民委员会让人们相信三K党没有必要，这是不好的宣传，他们可以阻止学校废除种族隔离，他们可以阻止午餐柜台被整合。

But by 1964 when they see the volunteers for Freedom Summer it was clear that they couldn't, and that's when the Klan starts to ride.

但到了 1964 年，当他们看到自由之夏的志愿者时，他们显然做不到，从那时起，三K党就开始行动了。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : The Klan rose up as one in Mississippi.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：三K党在密西西比州崛起。

One night in April of 1964, crosses were burned all over Mississippi.

1964 年 4 月的一天晚上，密西西比州各地的十字架被焚烧。

They claimed that they had 90,000 members, and they were going to resist what the Klan called the Nigger-Communist Invasion of Mississippi.

他们声称自己有 90,000 名成员，他们要抵抗三K党所谓的黑鬼共产主义入侵密西西比州。

So Mississippi, on the eve of Freedom Summer, was on a hair trigger.

因此，在自由之夏前夕，密西西比州正处于一触即发的状态。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : There was very much a recognition and a debate about, is it responsible to bring all those kids into the state, most of whom are probably far too naive to understand what they were getting into in terms of the violent nature of the place.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者：：人们对将所有这些孩子带入该州是否有责任进行了很多认识和辩论，他们中的大多数人可能太天真了，无法理解他们在这个地方的暴力性质方面所面临的情况。

Are you doing this to use people as fodder?

你这样做是为了拿人当饲料吗？

The thought was well, you know, we'll do this orientation at Oxford, Ohio, and we'll try and tell these kids what they're getting into and make it clear that they really don't have to go, but you know, I don't know that that really could begin to prepare people.

这个想法很好，你知道，我们将在俄亥俄州牛津市进行这个培训，我们将尝试告诉这些孩子他们将要做什么，并明确他们实际上不必去，但你知道，我不知道这真的可以让人们做好准备。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : My grandmother said, "We've heard that you're planning on doing something really crazy -- going to Mississippi with those SNCC folk, and I'm never gonna permit it."

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：我祖母说，“我们听说你打算做一件非常疯狂的事情——和 SNCC 的人一起去密西西比州，我永远不会允许这样做。”

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Volunteer: : We went to Oxford.

Linda Wetmore Halpern，志愿者：：我们去了牛津。

A group of us from Massachusetts met in Boston.

我们一群来自马萨诸塞州的人在波士顿见面。

We drove across, sharing driving for different hours.

我们开车过去，在不同的时间共享驾驶。

We drove straight through, people sleeping.

我们直接开车过去，人们都在睡觉。

I know I drove very fast.

我知道我开得很快。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : Several of us drove up to Oxford in the blue station wagon that we used in Meridian.

Rita Schwerner Bender，组织者： ：我们几个人乘坐我们在子午线使用的蓝色旅行车前往牛津。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : With my grandmother, my mom and dad pleading, threatening, I just said, "I'm leaving." A girlfriend drove me to the bus station, and my grandmother's parting words were, "If you leave, don't ever come back."

格温多琳·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：在我的祖母、我的妈妈和爸爸的恳求、威胁下，我只是说：“我要走了。”女朋友开车送我去公交车站，奶奶的临别赠言是：“你走了就别再回来了。”

Susan Brownmiller, Volunteer: : I remember one young woman saying, "We're gonna settle this problem and then it's on to the Indians and we're gonna settle that, too." I mean there was that kind of unbelievable idealism.

志愿者苏珊·布朗米勒：我记得一位年轻女士说：“我们要解决这个问题，然后就轮到印第安人了，我们也会解决这个问题。”我的意思是有那种令人难以置信的理想主义。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : I can remember people saying, "Well, how bad can it be?" You know, because they had no idea.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：我记得人们说，“嗯，情况能有多糟糕呢？”你知道，因为他们不知道。

And even I didn't think that they might be beaten or killed.

甚至我也没想到他们会被打或被杀。

And in fact, that was one of the ways that I sort of calmed my fears.

事实上，这是我平息恐惧的方法之一。

I thought that their presence would be a mediating factor.

我认为他们的存在将成为一个中介因素。

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : The SNCC field secretaries arrive in Ohio and it's, in some senses it's oil and water.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：SNCC 现场秘书抵达俄亥俄州，从某种意义上说，它是石油和水。

So erupts, you know, one-on-one in different kinds of interactions between the students and the field secretaries.

所以，你知道，学生和现场秘书之间的各种互动中爆发了一对一的互动。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : The need for the volunteers and the presence for the volunteers represented our inability, after three years, to make significant inroads into changing Mississippi.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：对志愿者的需求和志愿者的存在表明我们在三年后无法在改变密西西比州方面取得重大进展。

So we had to reach out to this larger group, which was predominantly white, and many of us were still not entirely comfortable with it.

因此，我们必须接触这个以白人为主的更大群体，而我们中的许多人仍然对此不太满意。

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : The tension between the volunteers and the SNCC staff, who was almost entirely black, became evident right away.

克里斯·威廉姆斯（Chris Williams），志愿者：：志愿者和 SNCC 工作人员（几乎全是黑人）之间的紧张关系立刻变得显而易见。

They were like, "We're going to take these greenhorns back to Mississippi and be the tip of the spear of the Civil Rights movement, and these people are like to get us killed because they don't know where they're about to do." And they're saying, "These people look like they're just about beyond hope."

他们就像是，“我们要把这些新手带回密西西比州，成为民权运动的矛尖，这些人很想害死我们，因为他们不知道自己要去哪里。”他们说，“这些人看起来已经快没有希望了。”

SNCC Worker (archival): : The police are going to harass you.

SNCC 工作人员（档案）： ：警察会骚扰你。

They're going to pick you up on the road, they're gonna put trumped up charges on you, and you're gonna wind up in jail.

他们会在路上接你，他们会对你提出莫须有的指控，而你最终会进监狱。

I suggest we be a little more serious about this thing...

我建议我们认真对待这件事......

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : One of the things that was done at the orientation was to instruct the white students particularly that, you're going into a situation where you will have to follow the directions of black people.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：在迎新会上所做的一件事是特别指导白人学生，你将面临一种必须遵循黑人指示的情况。

You will be living in black homes.

你将生活在黑人家庭中。

You will have to live according to the way they live.

你必须按照他们的生活方式生活。

You will-- your life will depend upon you following directions, and of course these white students have never been in a situation like this.

你会——你的生活将取决于你遵循指示，当然，这些白人学生从未遇到过这样的情况。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : In order to orientate the Freedom Summer workers we showed 'em this movie.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：为了引导自由夏季工人，我们向他们展示了这部电影。

It featured Theron Lynd, who is the registrar in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.

它的主角是密西西比州哈蒂斯堡的登记员塞隆·林德 (Theron Lynd)。

"Mississippi and the 15th Amendment," CBS News Report (archival): : Theron C.

“密西西比州和第十五修正案”，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道（档案）：：Theron C.

Lynd, circuit clerk and voting registrar of Forest County Mississippi, is one of the most powerful men in America.

林德是密西西比州森林县的巡回书记官和投票登记员，是美国最有权势的人之一。

He and the 81 other county registrars in Mississippi have the power under state law to decide who can and who cannot vote.

根据州法律，他和密西西比州的其他 81 名县登记官有权决定谁可以投票、谁不能投票。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : Theron Lynd is your stereotypical racist bad guy -- a big, burly, cigar-chomping, tobacco-chewing, aggressively racist white man.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：塞隆·林德（Theron Lynd）是典型的种族主义坏人——一个高大、魁梧、叼着雪茄、嚼烟草、具有侵略性的种族主义白人。

Theron Lynd, Voting Registrar, Forest County, Mississippi (archival): : That's right, that's a section of the Constitution of the State of Mississippi.

Theron Lynd，密西西比州森林县投票登记员（档案）： ：没错，这是密西西比州宪法的一部分。

Then when you get over here and answer the question 19...

然后当你过来回答问题 19 时...

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : And the summer volunteers see him and start to laugh.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：夏季志愿者看到他并开始大笑。

People coming up from Mississippi were tired, exhausted.

从密西西比州过来的人们都疲惫不堪。

Suspicious of the summer project.

对夏季项目持怀疑态度。

So the reaction to that laughter was hostile.

所以人们对那笑声的反应是充满敌意的。

"You're not taking Mississippi seriously.

“你没有认真对待密西西比州。

You think this is something funny, something to be laughed at.

你认为这是一件有趣的事，一件值得嘲笑的事。

No. What you're looking at has costs people their lives."

不。你所看到的东西已经夺去了人们的生命。”

Tracy Sugarman, Volunteer: : When the lights came up the young SNCC leaders said, "We have to know you.

Tracy Sugarman，志愿者：：当灯光亮起时，年轻的 SNCC 领导人说：“我们必须认识你们。

We have to love you, but we don't understand you." They really were furious.

我们必须爱你，但我们不理解你。”他们真的很生气。

And went on at great length to say, "You're coming out of a different place.

然后又用很长的篇幅说道：“你来自不同的地方。

I don't know if you should be going with us." These white kids were unsteady vessels.

我不知道你是否应该和我们一起去。”这些白人孩子是不稳定的船只。

They weren't at all sure that that these were the allies they wanted.

他们根本不确定这些是不是他们想要的盟友。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : They stayed in the auditorium for a few hours talking and arguing, and they really went at it, but I think it really broke the tension.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：：他们在礼堂里呆了几个小时，交谈和争论，他们确实很努力，但我认为这确实打破了紧张气氛。

It brought out these underlying resentments.

它带出了这些潜在的怨恨。

It brought out the differences between the two and it highlighted them.

它揭示了两者之间的差异并突出了它们。

And above all it brought out the fact that they were all in this together.

最重要的是，它揭示了这样一个事实：他们都在一起。

And from then on a lot of the tension was broken, and they realized that they were really one in this and that they were going to go down and do this together.

从那时起，很多紧张的气氛都被打破了，他们意识到他们真的是这件事上的一员，他们将一起下去，一起做这件事。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : At the end of the first week we got a call in Oxford, people at the Mt. Zion Church had been beaten up badly and the church was burned.

Rita Schwerner Bender，组织者： ：第一周结束时，我们接到牛津的电话，锡安山教堂的人们遭到严重殴打，教堂被烧毁。

My husband Mickey and James Chaney decided that they needed to go right away to see how people were and to provide whatever support they could.

我的丈夫米奇和詹姆斯·钱尼决定他们需要立即去看看人们的情况，并提供力所能及的支持。

Andy Goodman was going to be one of the volunteers working in Meridian out of the Meridian office so they decided that all three of them would go.

安迪·古德曼 (Andy Goodman) 将成为 Meridian 办公室外的 Meridian 志愿者之一，因此他们决定他们三个都去。

We were in the dorm room that we had been assigned, and Mickey kissed me goodbye and said, "I'll see you at the end of the week," and left.

我们在分配给我们的宿舍里，米奇吻别我并说：“周末见”，然后就离开了。

And they drove down in the blue station wagon.

他们开着蓝色旅行车下来。

Andrew Goodman (actor, reading letter): : Dear Mom and Dad, I have arrived safely in Meridian, Mississippi.

安德鲁·古德曼（演员，读信）：：亲爱的爸爸妈妈，我已安全抵达密西西比州默里迪恩。

This is a wonderful town and the weather is fine.

这是一个美妙的小镇，天气也很好。

I wish you were here.

我希望你在这儿。

The people in this city are wonderful and our reception was very good.

这个城市的人们都很棒，我们的接待也很好。

All my love, Andy

我所有的爱，安迪

Dave Dennis, Organizer: : It was close around six or seven o'clock, around six or seven o'clock in the evening, and a call came in from the Meridian people.

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者：： 时间接近六七点左右，晚上六七点左右，Meridian 人打来电话。

They had not heard from Mickey and James Chaney.

他们没有收到米奇和詹姆斯·钱尼的消息。

I just knew that something had to be wrong.

我只知道肯定出了什么问题。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : It was early Monday morning around one or two in the morning when someone came to the dorm room that I was using, and woke me to say that the men had not returned, and that was how I first heard of it.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者： ：那是周一清晨，大约凌晨一两点，有人来到我正在使用的宿舍，叫醒我说那些人还没有回来，这就是我第一次听说这件事。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : Everybody was to come into the auditorium for this session.

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons，志愿者： ：每个人都要进入礼堂参加这次会议。

They had this extremely solemn look on their faces, and then they told us that three workers who had been at the orientation and had left early, they had disappeared.

他们脸上的表情极其凝重，然后他们告诉我们，参加迎新活动并提前离开的三名工人已经消失了。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : I urged people to contact their families and have their families contact their congressional people, to indicate that we believe there certainly was a possibility -- given the fact that so many hours had gone by and that they couldn't be located -- that they might've been killed.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者：：我敦促人们联系他们的家人，并让他们的家人联系他们的国会议员，以表明我们相信肯定有可能——考虑到已经过去了这么多小时而他们无法找到——他们可能已经被杀。

Reporter (archival): : The three Civil Rights workers who disappeared in Mississippi last Sunday night still have not been heard from.

记者（档案）：：上周日晚上在密西西比州失踪的三名民权工作者仍然没有音讯。

A search has produced only one clue a burned out station wagon in which the three were last seen riding in.

经过搜寻，只找到了一条线索：一辆被烧毁的旅行车，三人最后一次见到时乘坐的是这辆旅行车。

Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old college student from New York.

安德鲁·古德曼 (Andrew Goodman)，一名来自纽约的 20 岁大学生。

James Chaney a 21-year-old…

詹姆斯·钱尼 (James Chaney) 21 岁……

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : Learning that three of our members, two of whom were white, had disappeared really blew away all my ideas that possibly we would have protection from the fact that the majority of the summer volunteers were white.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：得知我们的三名成员（其中两名是白人）失踪后，我所有的想法都被打消了，我认为我们可能会受到保护，免受大多数夏季志愿者都是白人的事实的影响。

I knew now that that was not the case: that everybody was in grave danger, and that these Mississippians would kill all of us, white and black.

我现在知道事实并非如此：每个人都处于严重危险之中，这些密西西比人会杀死我们所有人，无论白人还是黑人。

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Volunteer: : Bob said that, "There is no guarantee that you will get out of this summer alive, so just know that.

琳达·韦特莫尔·哈尔彭 (Linda Wetmore Halpern)，志愿者： ：鲍勃说，“无法保证你能活着度过这个夏天，所以你要知道这一点。

It's up to you if you want to continue on." So he left us all to the phones, and we all went.

如果你想继续下去，就看你自己了。”于是他让我们所有人都打电话，然后我们就走了。

We were told to call home.

我们被告知要打电话回家。

Reporter (archival): : Did you talk this over with your parents before you made the decision?

记者（档案）：：您做这个决定之前有和父母商量过吗？

Man, Volunteer (archival): : Yes, I discussed it with them, and they felt of course what I feel, and that is fear of what might happen there.

男志愿者（档案）： ：是的，我和他们讨论过，他们当然也感受到了我的感受，那就是担心那里可能会发生什么。

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Volunteer: : My mother and father did not ask me to come home.

Linda Wetmore Halpern，志愿者： ：我的父母没有让我回家。

They asked me to do what I thought was right.

他们要求我做我认为正确的事情。

So I boarded the buses.

于是我就上了公共汽车。

Singing (audio): : I'm going down to Mississippi.

唱歌（音频）：：我要去密西西比州。

I'm going down a Southern road.

我要沿着南边的路走。

And if you never see me again, remember that I had to go.

如果你再也见不到我，请记住我必须离开。

Remember that I had to go.

请记住我必须走。

It's a long road down to Mississippi, it's a short road back the other way.

通往密西西比州的路很长，从另一条路回来却很短。

If the cops pull you over...

如果警察把你拦下来...

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : We came down the interstate from Memphis into Mississippi.

克里斯·威廉姆斯（Chris Williams），志愿者：：我们从孟菲斯沿着州际公路进入密西西比州。

It must've been about four o'clock in the morning.

时间应该是凌晨四点左右。

There was a billboard right at the state line that said, "Welcome to Mississippi, the Magnolia State," and of course there was a little bit of dread in seeing that.

州界线旁有一块广告牌，上面写着：“欢迎来到密西西比州，木兰州”，当然，看到这一点有点害怕。

But what was more significant was that there were two Mississippi highway patrol cars parked under the sign, and as the buses came by they pulled out and followed us.

但更重要的是，有两辆密西西比州高速公路巡逻车停在标志下，当公共汽车经过时，它们就开出来跟着我们。

So at some level they knew exactly when we were coming.

所以在某种程度上，他们确切地知道我们什么时候来。

Singing (audio): : ...For an out of state car, and he thinks he's fighting for his land...

唱歌（音频）：：……对于一辆州外的汽车，他认为他正在为自己的土地而战……

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : What really is important is that they get down and kind of just melt away into the black population.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：真正重要的是他们要下来并融入黑人群体中。

If we could just get everybody through the entry point and into the community, the black community will house them and also harbor them.

如果我们能让每个人都通过入口进入社区，黑人社区就会容纳他们并庇护他们。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : The, the genius of the Freedom Summer is that these volunteers were spread all over the state.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：自由之夏的天才在于这些志愿者遍布全州。

The Freedom Summer workers are everywhere.

自由夏季工人无处不在。

They are in almost every little big town, almost every place where you can go, they are there.

几乎每一个大城市，几乎每一个你能去的地方，他们都在那里。

Reporter (archival): : Yesterday the first 200 Civil Rights workers arrived in Mississippi and fanned out over the state.

记者（档案）： ：昨天，第一批 200 名民权工作者抵达密西西比州，并在该州上空散开。

Another 800 will follow.

另外 800 名将紧随其后。

The students were assigned living quarters in negro homes from a central office.

中央办公室为学生们分配了黑人之家的宿舍。

Daisy Harris, Mississippi Resident: : When Charles and Doug came by the house and told us that they need some homes for the Civil Rights workers to live I said, "Well I don't have much room but yeah we'll be happy to do it," you know, and then I told my husband about it.

黛西·哈里斯 (Daisy Harris)，密西西比州居民：当查尔斯和道格来到房子旁边，告诉我们他们需要一些房屋供民权工作者居住时，我说，“好吧，我没有太多空间，但我们很乐意这样做，”你知道，然后我告诉了我丈夫这件事。

He said, "yeah they can stay here."

他说：“是的，他们可以留在这里。”

I felt that the time had come to help make a change.

我觉得是时候帮助做出改变了。

I had three sons and I didn't want them to go through what I'd gone through and what I had seen.

我有三个儿子，我不想让他们经历我所经历的和我所看到的。

So I was determined to help make a change.

所以我决心帮助做出改变。

Say, "Well, they'll have to take the twin beds and the boys have to double up." They were happy to know that somebody was coming from-- all we have to do is say, "from the north."

说：“好吧，他们必须要两张单人床，而男孩们必须要双人床。”他们很高兴知道有人来自——我们所要做的就是说“来自北方”。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : We were now going to have a white person living in our house.

安东尼·哈里斯，密西西比州居民：：我们现在将有一个白人住在我们的房子里。

So it was a special time.

所以那是一个特殊的时刻。

It was an exciting time.

这是一个激动人心的时刻。

We weren't sure what they were going to be like because even though we had seen white people on television and in person, but to actually have someone living in our home, to spend time with us, to share meals together that was a much different type of relationship to what we had been accustomed to.

我们不确定他们会是什么样子，因为尽管我们在电视上和亲眼见过白人，但实际上有人住在我们家里，与我们共度时光，一起吃饭，这与我们习惯的关系截然不同。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : They became a part of the black community.

罗斯科·琼斯，密西西比州居民：：他们成为黑人社区的一部分。

I don't know of any place that they could run into a white neighborhood and be accepted because they were outsiders.

我不知道有什么地方可以让他们遇到白人社区并因为他们是外来者而被接受。

They became the closest thing to being a part of the black community as anybody can be because they had no choice.

他们成为最接近黑人社区一部分的人，因为他们别无选择。

Reporter (archival): : Walt Kaufman, you're from California, what's it like to come into a situation such as exists here in Neshoba county, and, as a white man, come to work for the project?

记者（档案）：沃尔特·考夫曼，您来自加利福尼亚州，遇到内肖巴县存在的这种情况，并且作为一名白人来为该项目工作，感觉如何？

Walt Kaufman, Volunteer (archival): : Well what I'm most impressed with is the response of the people here who have been intimidated and terrorized for years and who know that our presence here probably poses some danger for them and yet they've shown tremendous courage and amazing hospitality to us.

沃尔特·考夫曼，志愿者（档案）：：我印象最深的是这里人们的反应，他们多年来一直受到恐吓和恐吓，他们知道我们在这里可能会给他们带来一些危险，但他们却向我们表现出了巨大的勇气和令人惊叹的热情好客。

They've helped to feed us, they've encouraged us, they've warmed us with their friendship and smiles, and I'd say it's an extremely impressive experience to me.

他们帮助我们吃饭，他们鼓励我们，他们用友谊和微笑温暖我们，我想说这对我来说是一次非常令人印象深刻的经历。

Tracy Sugarman, Volunteer: : Everybody knew that we were going home at the end of the summer.

特雷西·休格曼（Tracy Sugarman），志愿者：：每个人都知道我们要在夏末回家。

The people that took us in were gonna stay.

那些接纳我们的人会留下来。

So they were there for the reprisals, for the anger that the white community had all the power to bring to bear on 'em.

所以他们来这里是为了报复，因为白人社区拥有一切力量来对他们施加愤怒。

And they did it because they really believed that we were there to help, and they'd never seen white people who had come to help in their whole lives.

他们这样做是因为他们真的相信我们是来帮忙的，而且他们一生中从未见过白人来帮忙。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : One of the most wonderful things about 1964 Mississippi Summer were the Freedom Schools.

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons，志愿者： 1964 年密西西比州夏季最美妙的事情之一就是自由学校。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : The State of Mississippi deliberately and systematically kept black people uneducated and ignorant, and then turned around and made education a requirement in order to participate in the political process.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：密西西比州故意、系统地让黑人保持未受教育和无知的状态，然后又转而将教育作为参与政治进程的一项要求。

We were able to do the Freedom Schools in the summer of 1964 because we had almost a thousand students coming to the State of Mississippi, thus the human resources to actually, you know, conduct classes.

我们能够在 1964 年夏天开办自由学校，是因为我们有近千名学生来到密西西比州，因此有足够的人力资源来实际授课。

Volunteer (archival): : We hope to find and develop and mold local leadership among the young people.

志愿者（档案）：：我们希望在年轻人中寻找、发展和塑造当地的领导力。

We also hope to promote a better self-image among the local negroes.

我们也希望在当地黑人中提升更好的自我形象。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : We would send out mass flyers and everything to the churches telling people about the freedom school, what the freedom school was going to entail, the courses, the activities.

罗斯科·琼斯 (Roscoe Jones)，密西西比州居民：：我们会向教堂发送大量传单和所有内容，告诉人们有关自由学校的信息、自由学校将要开展的内容、课程和活动。

We got the preachers involved, we got the kids involved.

我们让传教士参与进来，我们让孩子们参与进来。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : Black people couldn't go to the library, it was for whites only, and so here they are, got their own library now.

查尔斯·麦克劳林（Charles McLaurin），组织者：：黑人不能去图书馆，图书馆仅供白人使用，所以他们现在有了自己的图书馆。

They would come excited to be exposed to the teaching and to browse the books.

他们会很兴奋地接触教学并浏览书籍。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : In the public schools where I was in school I had never heard of Dr. Seuss.

安东尼·哈里斯 (Anthony Harris)，密西西比州居民： ：在我就读的公立学校中，我从未听说过苏斯博士。

It was at Freedom School where we actually not only read the story of The Cat In The Hat but we acted it out.

在自由学校，我们实际上不仅读了戴帽子的猫的故事，而且还表演了它。

Having our lives enriched by these activities really made a huge difference in my life.

这些活动丰富了我们的生活，这确实给我的生活带来了巨大的变化。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : We taught African American History, Civics, African Culture, African Dance.

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons，志愿者：我们教授非裔美国人历史、公民学、非洲文化、非洲舞蹈。

They were learning black history that they were reading books that'd been written by blacks that they'd never heard of.

他们正在学习黑人历史，他们正在阅读由他们从未听说过的黑人写的书。

Student (archival): : How was slaves first introduced in America?

学生（档案）：：奴隶是如何首次被引入美国的？

Volunteer (archival): : As we saw back on this world map over here.

志愿者（档案）：：正如我们在这张世界地图上看到的那样。

America started picking up slaves along here and then bringing them back.

美国开始在这里收集奴隶，然后将他们带回来。

Chris Hexter, Volunteer: : What we were trying to do that summer is get people to talk about their own lives, talk about good and bad, and talk about ways in which you could bring about change.

克里斯·赫克斯特（Chris Hexter），志愿者：：那个夏天我们想做的是让人们谈论自己的生活，谈论好的和坏的，并谈论可以带来改变的方法。

I think that was very much the drive of the program.

我认为这很大程度上是该计划的驱动力。

Volunteer (archival): : They had a sense of being needed by something much bigger than themselves and a sense of being able to handle the problems that they were needed for.

志愿者（档案）：：他们有一种被比自己大得多的事物所需要的感觉，并且有一种能够处理需要他们解决的问题的感觉。

They did it by asking questions and by being encouraged to feel free to ask questions.

他们通过提出问题并被鼓励自由提问来做到这一点。

Chris Hexter, Volunteer: : They were rarin' to go.

克里斯·赫克斯特（Chris Hexter），志愿者：：他们迫不及待地想走。

We were just kind of like the catalyst.

我们就像催化剂一样。

We were agents of information, and agents of a different world, so I mean just the very fact that we were talking about a world that they didn't know, or didn't have much experience with, was exciting to them and also to us.

我们是信息的代理人，是另一个世界的代理人，所以我的意思是，我们正在谈论一个他们不知道或没有太多经验的世界，这对他们和我们来说都是令人兴奋的。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : We set them up for the little children to come, and every day we'd have classrooms of adults, people 50, 60, and 70 years of age.

Charles McLaurin，组织者：：我们为小孩子们准备了教室，每天我们都会有成人、50 岁、60 岁和 70 岁的人在教室。

The adults came to the Freedom School to learn just like the little children.

大人们和小孩子一样来到自由学校学习。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : Being in freedom school planted a seed in my mind, that things are going to change.

安东尼·哈里斯 (Anthony Harris)，密西西比州居民：：在自由学校的经历在我的脑海中种下了一颗种子，事情将会改变。

Things are going to be different.

事情将会有所不同。

And freedom summer helped to give us that courage, it helped to give us that hope, it helped to give us the reason to believe that it was going to be different.

自由之夏给了我们勇气，给了我们希望，让我们有理由相信事情会有所不同。

Reporter (archival, audio): : This is backwoods Mississippi, and its 2.5 million acres of swamp.

记者（档案、音频）：：这是密西西比州的边远地区，有250万英亩的沼泽地。

Damp and clammy country, this hostile attitude of its white people to Civil Rights.

潮湿潮湿的国家，白人对民权的敌对态度。

The green slime that sprawls for miles may hide forever what's happened to Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner.

绵延数英里的绿色粘液可能永远掩盖了钱尼、古德曼和施维尔纳的遭遇。

As the search for the men intensifies in the swamps, there are those in Mississippi who do not seem disposed to see this as a personal tragedy.

随着沼泽地里对这些人的搜寻不断加强，密西西比州的一些人似乎并不认为这是一场个人悲剧。

One of them is Mississippi's former governor Ross Barnett.

其中之一是密西西比州前州长罗斯·巴尼特。

Ross Barnett, Mississippi Governor (archival): : We will treat anyone with great respect here in Mississippi anyone who comes here as long as they don't disobey our laws, but we will treat the people who come here, these children, like any other backward children.

密西西比州州长罗斯·巴尼特（档案）：：我们将非常尊重密西西比州的任何人，任何来到这里的人，只要他们不违反我们的法律，但我们将像对待任何其他落后的孩子一样对待来到这里的人，这些孩子。

Singing (archival audio): : Go, Mississippi, keep rolling along.

歌唱（档案音频）：：走吧，密西西比，继续前进。

Go, Mississippi, you cannot be wrong...

去吧，密西西比，你不会错的......

William Scarborough, Citizens' Council Member: : They're outsiders coming in here trying to change the world and there's natural resentment.

威廉·斯卡伯勒（William Scarborough），公民委员会成员：：他们是来到这里试图改变世界的局外人，自然会产生怨恨。

I mean that's common sense.

我的意思是这是常识。

We didn't think those people understood what kind of society we had here.

我们认为那些人不了解我们这里的社会是什么样的。

You know, these college students would sit up there at Oberlin, and there'd be a articulate, well-groomed black person sitting next to 'em, and they assumed all blacks were like that, and they weren't.

你知道，这些大学生会坐在奥柏林的那里，他们旁边坐着一个善于表达、衣着考究的黑人，他们认为所有黑人都是这样，但事实并非如此。

They're coming for the purpose of registering blacks to vote, and since this state had the highest percentage of blacks of any state in the United States that poses a real threat politically.

他们来这里的目的是为黑人登记投票，因为这个州的黑人比例是美国所有州中最高的，在政治上构成了真正的威胁。

There was a siege mentality, us against them, and I hated them.

有一种围攻心态，我们反对他们，我恨他们。

William Winter, State Treasurer: : Let me state as clearly I can what the mindset of the State of Mississippi was, encouraged and embolden by the utterances of its politicians: If the white people of Mississippi will just stay together, will just stick together, there is no force in this country that will cause segregation to be ended.

州财政部长威廉·温特：让我尽可能清楚地说明密西西比州的心态，受到政客言论的鼓励和鼓舞：如果密西西比州的白人愿意团结在一起，团结在一起，这个国家就没有任何力量能够结束种族隔离。

That was the mindset.

这就是心态。

Ross Barnett, Mississippi Governor (archival): : We face absolute extinction of all we hold dear unless we are victorious!

密西西比州州长罗斯·巴尼特（Ross Barnett）（档案）：：除非我们取得胜利，否则我们所珍视的一切都将面临绝对灭绝！

We can win, my friends, if we are organized in every community in Mississippi and all over this nation of ours!

我的朋友们，如果我们在密西西比州和整个国家的每个社区都组织起来，我们就能获胜！

We must be stronger than the enemy!

我们一定比敌人更强！

We must be strong enough to crush the enemy!

我们必须足够强大才能粉碎敌人！

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : They're caught in a circle, which, if there are people who want to break out they don't know how.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：他们被困在一个圈子里，如果有人想突破，他们不知道如何突破。

They don't have a chance.

他们没有机会。

They just, white people are probably more oppressed or, in terms of their ability to speak, than Negros.

他们只是，白人可能比黑人更受压迫，或者就他们的言论能力而言。

Barbara Jan Nave, Miss Mississippi: : In the South you were expected to live a certain way.

Barbara Jan Nave，密西西比小姐：在南方，人们期望你以某种方式生活。

You just didn't step outside the bubble.

你只是没有走出泡沫。

In August of 1963 I was crowned Miss Mississippi, and would spend the next year representing Mississippi all over.

1963 年 8 月，我加冕为密西西比小姐，并在接下来的一年里代表密西西比州各地参赛。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Red Heffner and his wife were loyal Mississippians.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：雷德·赫夫纳（Red Heffner）和他的妻子是忠诚的密西西比人。

Their daughter was Miss Mississippi.

他们的女儿是密西西比小姐。

And they really believed that if they just invited a couple of white volunteers over to their house in McComb, just for dinner, just to find out what was going on, nothing, nothing would happen, nobody would object, but they miscalculated badly.

他们真的相信，如果他们只是邀请几个白人志愿者到他们在麦库姆的家，只是吃晚饭，只是为了了解发生了什么事，什么都不会发生，没有人会反对，但他们严重失算了。

Barbara Jan Nave, Miss Mississippi: : The whole purpose was just to keep the peace, to try not to have any more bombings, try not to have any more killings.

密西西比小姐芭芭拉·简·纳夫：整个目的只是为了维护和平，尽量不要再发生爆炸，尽量不要再发生杀戮。

They came over just to have tea or whatever, or coffee.

他们过来只是为了喝茶或其他什么，或者咖啡。

Malva Heffner, Mother Of Miss Mississippi (archival): : Then shortly after that a man called a neighbor that we didn't know very well, and lives a good distance from us.

马尔瓦·赫夫纳，密西西比小姐的母亲（档案）： ：不久之后，一个男人打电话给一个我们不太熟悉的邻居，他住在离我们很远的地方。

And said that the neighbors were upset about this car that was in front of our house and who did it belong to?

还说邻居们对我们家门前的这辆车感到不安，它是谁的？

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : And about 10 minutes later, Red Heffner opened his front door and there were all these headlights glaring at him, like something out of a bad movie, and people started shouting things, and they just barely got the people out of there, and from then on the Heffner's life in Mississippi was pure hell.

布鲁斯·沃森，《自由之夏》作者： 大约十分钟后，瑞德·赫夫纳打开了他的前门，所有的车头灯都在盯着他，就像一部烂电影里的东西，人们开始大喊大叫，他们只是勉强把人们从那里救出来，从那时起，赫夫纳在密西西比州的生活就是纯粹的地狱。

Malva Heffner (archival): : I went downtown one day, and friends that I had known for 10 years would turn and walk away from me, or hang their heads.

Malva Heffner（档案）： 有一天，我去了市中心，我认识了 10 年的朋友要么转身离开我，要么低下头。

Some would speak and walk on as if I had leprosy or something.

有些人会说话、走路，好像我得了麻风病什么的。

Barbara Jan Nave, Miss Mississippi: : My father was asked to move out of his office.

Barbara Jan Nave，密西西比州小姐：：我父亲被要求搬出他的办公室。

So he lost his business.

于是他失去了生意。

Our, you know, our little dog was killed.

我们的，你知道，我们的小狗被杀了。

I came home to visit because I was still traveling as Miss Mississippi and the FBI wouldn't let me go home.

我回家探望是因为我仍在以密西西比小姐的身份旅行，而联邦调查局不让我回家。

I had to stay in the Holiday Inn because they had heard that the house was gonna be bombed.

我不得不住在假日酒店，因为他们听说房子要被炸了。

Malva Heffner (archival): : It's just gotten too low.

Malva Heffner（档案）：：它变得太低了。

The point that we couldn't take it any longer.

关键是我们不能再忍受了。

William Winter, State Treasurer: : It's a mark of the obsession that so many white people had in this state at that time with maintaining segregation that made them turn on their neighbors, on their friends.

州财政部长威廉·温特：这是当时该州许多白人痴迷于维持种族隔离的标志，这使他们背叛了邻居和朋友。

The Heffner's were ostracized socially and finally had to leave the state.

赫夫纳一家受到社会排斥，最终不得不离开该州。

Barbara Jan Nave, Miss Mississippi: : They left everything they'd ever had behind.

芭芭拉·简·纳夫（Barbara Jan Nave），密西西比小姐：他们抛弃了曾经拥有的一切。

When all your roots are in one place it breaks your heart.

当你所有的根都集中在一处时，你的心就会碎。

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Volunteer: : I saw in Mississippi a white population that I had never even imagined existed.

Linda Wetmore Halpern，志愿者：：我在密西西比州看到了我从未想象过的白人人口的存在。

The vile, the absolute hatred that was in their eyes when they saw us coming, was-- it scared me.

当他们看到我们到来时，他们眼中流露出的卑鄙、绝对的仇恨，让我感到害怕。

Volunteer woman, in a letter (audio): : It's night, it's hot, violence hangs overhead like dead air.

女志愿者在一封信中（音频）： ：现在是晚上，天气很热，暴力像死气沉沉的空气一样悬在头顶。

It hangs there, and maybe it will fall.

它挂在那里，也许它会掉下来。

Volunteer woman, in a letter (audio): : Last night it was a long time before sleeping, although I was extremely tired.

女志愿者来信（音频）： ：昨晚虽然很累，但还是过了好久才睡觉。

Every shadow, every noise, the bark of a dog, the sound of a car, in my fear and exhaustion I turned into a terrorist approach, and I believe...

每一个阴影，每一个噪音，狗的叫声，汽车的声音，在我的恐惧和疲惫中我变成了恐怖的接近，我相信......

Volunteer man, in a letter (audio): : I wake up in the morning sighing with relief that I was not bombed, because I know that they know where I live, and I think, "Well, I got through that night, and I have to get through this day, and it goes on, and on."

志愿者在一封信中（音频）：：我早上醒来，松了口气，因为我没有被轰炸，因为我知道他们知道我住在哪里，我想，“好吧，我熬过了那天晚上，我也必须熬过这一天，而且这种情况会一直持续下去。”

Patti Miller, Volunteer: : There were always moments when I just wondered if I could make it through that day to the next one, and then to the next one.

帕蒂·米勒（Patti Miller），志愿者： ：有时候我只是想知道我是否能熬过这一天到下一天，然后再到下一天。

Just always questioning, always wondering.

只是总是质疑，总是好奇。

Every time I walked out on the street I, in my mind, I expected a bullet to hit me.

每次我走在街上，我心里都预感到一颗子弹会击中我。

Volunteer (archival): : They threw a stick of dynamite where, now?

志愿者（档案）： ：他们现在把一根炸药扔到哪里了？

Now what damage did it do?

现在它造成了什么损害？

John Dittmer, Historian: : Freedom Summer was one of the most violent periods in Mississippi history since the end of Reconstruction.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)：：自由之夏是自重建结束以来密西西比历史上最暴力的时期之一。

There were over a thousand arrests made.

逾千人被捕。

Reporter (archival): : The explosive, nobody knows what kind or how much, was apparently placed up against the house or rolled up against the house.

记者（档案）：：没有人知道爆炸物的种类或数量，显然是靠着房子放置或卷起来的。

John Dittmer, Historian: : Sixty five buildings were either bombed or burned, including 35 churches.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)： 65 座建筑物被轰炸或烧毁，其中包括 35 座教堂。

There were 100 or so beatings.

大约有100人遭到殴打。

I mean this was going on all over the state.

我的意思是，这种情况在全州都在发生。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : And then there was the whole issue of white women.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：然后就是白人女性的整个问题。

Living in black homes.

住在黑人家庭。

I mean that just infuriated them.

我的意思是这激怒了他们。

Mississippi man (archival): : Take a, take these white, ah white women that've been imported in here.

密西西比男人（档案）：：拿一个，拿这些白人，啊，白人妇女，这些妇女是被进口到这里的。

They, they call 'em white white women, I could call 'em a light colored rat.

他们，他们称他们为白人妇女，我可以称他们为浅色老鼠。

They stay and sleep in the same damn house that did a, that did a nig-,niggra do.

他们呆在同一个该死的房子里睡觉，那个房子曾经做过一个黑鬼，黑鬼做过的事。

And then tellin, tellin, tellin me that they, that they're not sex, sexual re-, re-, relations at.

然后告诉我，告诉我，他们，他们不是性，性的重新，重新，关系。

What that is, that is, for da, for da birds.

那是什么，即，为大，为大鸟。

Karin Kunstler Goldman, Volunteer: : Even walking down the street in an interracial group was kind of a no-no. I remember being arrested and being asked a lot of questions.

Karin Kunstler Goldman，志愿者：：即使是与跨种族群体一起走在街上也是一种禁忌。我记得被逮捕并被问了很多问题。

And the question that sits in my mind is the sheriff wanted me to describe the size of black men's penises.

我脑海中浮现的问题是警长要我描述黑人阴茎的大小。

They were obsessed with sex.

他们沉迷于性。

I don't think we were obsessed with sex.

我不认为我们沉迷于性。

But it was a clear message that's all they thought we were doing.

但这是一个明确的信息，这就是他们认为我们所做的一切。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : If you got in any kind of trouble at all, or if anybody was threatening to you, there was nobody you could go to and say "help me." You couldn't go to the police, you couldn't go to the sheriff, you couldn't go to the state officials.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：如果你遇到任何麻烦，或者有人威胁你，你没有人可以向任何人说“帮助我”。你不能去找警察，你不能去找治安官，你不能去找州官员。

All of these people were hostile and probably the people who were threatening you, themselves.

所有这些人都充满敌意，而且很可能是那些威胁你的人。

So there was nobody you could appeal to.

所以没有人可以向你求助。

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Volunteer: : I was walking along a road.

Linda Wetmore Halpern，志愿者： ：我沿着一条路走。

We were told never to leave the place we were staying, by ourselves.

我们被告知永远不要独自离开我们住的地方。

They jumped out of the car.

他们跳下车。

They started calling me "Hey, nigger lover!

他们开始叫我“嘿，黑鬼情人！

We got you.

我们找到你了。

We finally got you.

我们终于找到你了。

We ain't killed ourselves a-a white girl yet.

我们还没有自杀——一个白人女孩。

You're going to be the first." They get this lynch rope.

你将成为第一个。”他们得到了这条私刑绳。

It really was a noose like you see like I had seen in the pictures of the hangings, right?

这确实是一个绞索，就像你看到的那样，就像我在绞刑架的照片中看到的那样，对吗？

They put this noose over my head.

他们把这个绞索套在我头上。

And this is attached to a long rope.

这是附在一根长绳子上的。

They jump back into the car, and I just saw myself being dragged to death.

他们跳回车里，我就看到自己被拖死了。

I'm walking like this.

我就这样走路。

And they're laughing and calling me all kinds of names.

他们一边笑着一边用各种各样的名字称呼我。

And then they moved along, slowly, a little bit faster.

然后他们继续前进，缓慢地，更快一点。

I'm walking faster.

我走得更快了。

And it was like, "Okay, this is it." And then they dropped the rope.

就像，“好吧，就是这样。”然后他们丢下了绳子。

And I just stood there.

我就站在那里。

Because we had to wear skirts.

因为我们必须穿裙子。

We weren't allowed to wear pants in those days, so we all had our little shifts on and everything.

那时我们不被允许穿裤子，所以我们都穿着短裙什么的。

I peed all over myself.

我尿了一身。

Just stood on the, and just peed.

只是站在上面，然后撒尿。

Larry Rubin, Organizer: : The day-to-day work was canvassing.

拉里·鲁宾（Larry Rubin），组织者： ：日常工作是拉票。

The work itself is as simple as it is tedious.

工作本身既简单又乏味。

We walk down these dusty red country roads in the negro sections, go from tumbledown house to tumbledown house, and if they come out to the porch or let us in, we talk to the people.

我们沿着黑人区尘土飞扬的红色乡村道路行走，从一间破旧的房子走到另一间破旧的房子，如果他们走到门廊或让我们进去，我们就会和人们交谈。

That's it.

就是这样。

That's what we do.

这就是我们所做的。

That's what the segregationists are trying to stop.

这就是种族隔离主义者试图阻止的事情。

Tracy Sugarman, Volunteer: : My motivation for drawing was I wanted to make sure that I was capturing the flavor of a moment, the intensity of a moment.

特雷西·休格曼（Tracy Sugarman），志愿者：：我绘画的动机是我想确保我捕捉到了某个时刻的味道，某个时刻的强度。

And you are in that situation.

而你正处于这种情况。

Everything becomes memorable.

一切都变得令人难忘。

The intensity of those situations become indelible.

这些情况的严重性变得不可磨灭。

That happened to me twice in my life.

我一生中发生过两次这种事。

One was on D-Day.

其中一次是在诺曼底登陆日。

And the other time was in Mississippi.

另一次是在密西西比州。

Karin Kunstler Goldman, Volunteer: : The work was frustrating.

Karin Kunstler Goldman，志愿者： ：这项工作令人沮丧。

There was a very small return for the number of doors we knocked on.

我们敲过的门的数量所得到的回报非常小。

You could see in people's faces the struggle they were going through.

你可以从人们的脸上看到他们正在经历的挣扎。

Many really wanted to register but were fearful.

许多人确实想注册，但又害怕。

"I'm not going to register to vote because I work for a white family, and I think they might fire me." Or "I've heard that houses get burned down when people go to register to vote." Or "I'm worried about my kids."

“我不会登记投票，因为我为一个白人家庭工作，我认为他们可能会解雇我。”或者“我听说人们去登记投票时房屋会被烧毁。”或者“我担心我的孩子”。

We were doing something very positive but also in the backs of our minds was the negative that could befall someone we were talking to.

我们正在做一些非常积极的事情，但在我们的内心深处，也有可能发生在与我们交谈的人身上的消极事情。

Cause the danger was real.

因为危险是真实存在的。

It was absolutely real.

这绝对是真实的。

Reporter (archival audio): : Late this afternoon the search for Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner shifted to the Pearl River near Philadelphia, Mississippi.

记者（档案音频）： 今天下午晚些时候，对钱尼、古德曼和施维尔纳的搜寻转移到密西西比州费城附近的珠江。

Boats carrying Game Wardens and FBI Agents are now dragging the river.

载有狩猎管理员和联邦调查局特工的船只正在河上拖行。

Mississippi man (archival): : I believe them jokers planned it and their sittin there in New York, laughing at us Mississippians.

密西西比人（档案）：：我相信那些爱开玩笑的人策划了这件事，他们坐在纽约，嘲笑我们密西西比人。

Reporter (archival): : Can you tell me what you think of this whole thing?

记者（档案）：：您能告诉我您对整个事件的看法吗？

Mississippi woman (archival): : Well I think it's a big publicity hoax, but if they're dead I feel like they asked for it.

密西西比州妇女（档案）：：嗯，我认为这是一个很大的宣传骗局，但如果他们死了，我觉得他们是自找的。

Karin Kunstler Goldman, Volunteer: : It was always on our minds, and we were constantly aware that they had not been found.

Karin Kunstler Goldman，志愿者：：我们一直在想这个问题，而且我们一直意识到他们还没有被发现。

There was a pall over the whole project because of that.

因此整个项目蒙上了一层阴影。

Reporter (archival audio): : In Meridian, the wife of missing Mickey Schwerner, Rita Schwerner, flew from Oxford.

记者（档案音频）： ：在子午线，失踪的米基·施维尔纳的妻子丽塔·施维尔纳从牛津飞来。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : Rita Schwerner plays an important role here.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：丽塔·施维尔纳（Rita Schwerner）在这里发挥着重要作用。

This is her husband after all who is the leader of the three missing men, and she puts a face on them, and she plays an enormous role in making this seem like these are real people and we need to pay attention to these real people who something terrible has happened to.

这毕竟是她的丈夫，是三名失踪男子的领导者，她给他们穿上了一张脸，她在让这些人看起来像是真实的人方面发挥了巨大的作用，我们需要关注这些发生了可怕事情的真实的人。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer (archival): : They're being held somewhere, or something happened, and I am going to find the answer.

Rita Schwerner Bender，组织者（档案）：：他们被关押在某个地方，或者发生了一些事情，我会找到答案。

If this means driving every back road, every dirt road, every alley in the county of Neshoba, I will do it.

如果这意味着驾驶内肖巴县的每条小路、每条土路、每条小巷，我都会这么做。

Dorothy Zellner, Organizer: : The press swarmed all over her, and I think they wanted her to cry, and they wanted her to be a new widow, that they would catch her at the moment of her widow-hood, and she wouldn't play.

多萝西·泽尔纳（Dorothy Zellner），组织者：：媒体蜂拥而至，我认为他们希望她哭泣，他们希望她成为一个新的寡妇，他们会在她守寡的那一刻抓住她，而她不会参加比赛。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer (archival): : I personally suspect that if Mr. Chaney who is a native Mississippian negro had been alone at the time of the disappearance, that this case, like so many others who have come before, would have gone completely unnoticed.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者（档案）：我个人怀疑，如果密西西比本地黑人钱尼先生在失踪时独自一人，那么这个案件，就像之前发生的许多其他案件一样，会完全被忽视。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : I did have some sense that if the story was allowed to deteriorate into, "Oh, this poor little white girl," that it would, it would be offensive to everyone concerned.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者：：我确实有某种感觉，如果这个故事被允许恶化为“哦，这个可怜的白人小女孩”，那么，这将会冒犯所有相关人员。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Rita went on to the White House and she met Lyndon Johnson and he welcomed her to the White House and she said very bluntly, she said, "Mr. President, this is not a social call.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：：丽塔继续前往白宫，她遇到了林登·约翰逊（Lyndon Johnson），林登·约翰逊欢迎她来到白宫，她非常直言不讳地说：“总统先生，这不是社交电话。

I've come to find out where my husband is." And she got chewed out by the press secretary, who said, "You don't talk to the President of the United States like that." Rita simply said, "We do."

我是来看看我丈夫在哪里的。”她遭到了新闻秘书的斥责，说：“你不能这样跟美国总统说话。”丽塔只是说：“我们愿意。”

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : I saw this Ms. Schwertner this evening.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）： ：今天晚上我看到了施韦特纳女士。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : Yeah she was awfully mean, and very ugly.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：是的，她非常刻薄，而且非常丑陋。

She came in this afternoon and she wants thousands of extra people put down there and said I'm the only one that has the authority to do it.

她今天下午来了，她希望在那里再安置数千名人员，并说我是唯一有权这样做的人。

I told her I'd put all that we could efficiently handle and I was going to let you determine how many we could efficiently handle.

我告诉她我会把我们能有效处理的所有东西都放进去，我会让你决定我们能有效处理多少。

Reporter (archival audio): : On Thursday, President Johnson ordered sailors from Meridian naval air station to augment state and federal law officers who were conducting the search.

记者（档案音频）：周四，约翰逊总统命令默里迪恩海军航空站的水手增援正在进行搜索的州和联邦执法人员。

There have been reports that they were seen in other states.

有报道称在其他州也有人看到他们。

None of these reports proved out, and so far neither has the search.

这些报道都没有得到证实，到目前为止，搜索也没有得到证实。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : On August 4th, 1964 at the Mt. Olive Missionary Baptist Church in Meridian, Mississippi Pete Seeger gave a concert.

罗斯科·琼斯 (Roscoe Jones)，密西西比州居民： 1964 年 8 月 4 日，皮特·西格 (Pete Seeger) 在密西西比州默里迪恩的橄榄山传教浸信会教堂举办了一场音乐会。

You know, we were all into James Brown and all that, and here, you know, we got a guy who's a folk legend that comes to Meridian, and we were told that he's gonna do this concert.

你知道，我们都喜欢詹姆斯·布朗之类的人，在这里，你知道，我们有一个来到子午线的民间传奇人物，我们被告知他将举办这场音乐会。

Pete Seeger, Folk Singer: : It was a small church but everybody was standing so there were about 200 people there, and I had been singing to them I guess on a slight raised platform probably near the pulpit, and I had gotten them singing with me.

Pete Seeger，民谣歌手：：那是一座小教堂，但每个人都站着，所以那里大约有 200 人，我一直在给他们唱歌，我想可能是在讲坛附近的一个稍高的平台上，我让他们和我一起唱歌。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : And, all of a sudden in the middle of a song that he was singing someone came over and whispered into his ear.

罗斯科·琼斯 (Roscoe Jones)，密西西比州居民： ：突然，在他唱到一半的时候，有人走过来在他耳边低语。

He stopped, and he got up and made an announcement.

他停了下来，站起来宣布了一个消息。

Pete Seeger, Folk Singer: : "The bodies of Schwerner, Goodman and Chaney have just been discovered.

民谣歌手皮特·西格 (Pete Seeger)：“施维尔纳、古德曼和钱尼的尸体刚刚被发现。

They were buried deep in the earth." There wasn't any shouting.

他们被深深地埋在地下。”没有任何叫喊声。

There's just silence.

只有沉默。

I saw people's lips moving as though they were in prayer.

我看到人们的嘴唇在动，好像在祈祷。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : He asked us to join hands and sing, "We shall overcome, my Lord.

罗斯科·琼斯（Roscoe Jones），密西西比州居民：他要求我们携起手来唱道：“我们一定会胜利，我的主。

We shall overcome someday.

总有一天我们会克服的。

We shall overcome someday..."

总有一天我们会克服的……”

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : I got a call late in the evening.

Rita Schwerner Bender，组织者： ：我在深夜接到电话。

At least this nightmare of unknowing, or at least not officially knowing, was over.

至少这场不知道、或者至少不正式知道的噩梦结束了。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : The bodies of Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner were flown to New York.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：安德鲁·古德曼（Andrew Goodman）和迈克尔·施维尔纳（Michael Schwerner）的尸体被空运到纽约。

They had a separate funeral there.

他们在那里举行了单独的葬礼。

Fannie Lee Chaney flew to New York to be at that funeral.

房利美·李·钱尼飞往纽约参加葬礼。

The families by then were so together, even though they had never met before.

那时，尽管他们从未见过面，但一家人却如此团聚。

The mothers locked arms and walked out of the church together In Mississippi, a memorial service was held for James Chaney.

母亲们挽着手一起走出教堂。密西西比州为詹姆斯·钱尼举行了追悼会。

Dave Dennis, Organizer: : The decision had been made by family members and local leaders and others that they wanted to keep this very quiet and then low key, rather.

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者：：这个决定是由家庭成员、当地领导人和其他人做出的，他们希望保持安静，然后低调。

I did the eulogy.

我做了悼词。

Dave Dennis, Organizer (archival): : I want to talk about is really what I really grieve about.

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者（档案）：：我想谈论的是我真正悲伤的事情。

I don't grieve for Chaney because of the fact that I feel that he lived a fuller life than many of us will ever live.

我并不为钱尼感到悲伤，因为我觉得他的生活比我们许多人都过得更充实。

I feel that, he's got his freedom, and we're still fighting for it.

我觉得，他已经获得了自由，而我们仍在为之奋斗。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Dave Dennis's speech was a turning point in the summer because everybody wanted him to say the usual things that you would say at a funeral.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由夏天》作者：戴夫·丹尼斯的演讲是夏天的一个转折点，因为每个人都希望他说一些在葬礼上会说的平常话。

And Dave Dennis just couldn't do it.

而戴夫·丹尼斯就是做不到。

He challenged the people at the memorial, and he challenged the whole movement.

他向纪念馆里的人们发起挑战，向整个运动发起挑战。

Dave Dennis, Organizer (archival): : You see we are tired.

戴夫·丹尼斯，组织者（档案）：：你看我们很累。

You see I know what's gonna happen, I feel it deep in my heart when they find the people that killed those guys in Neshoba County…

你看，我知道会发生什么，当他们找到在内肖巴县杀害这些人的人时，我内心深处感受到了……

Dave Dennis, Organizer: : All the different emotions and things that had been going through, leading up to this particular moment.

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者：：所有不同的情感和事情都经历过，导致了这个特殊的时刻。

Began to come out, boil up in me, I call this.

开始出来，在我体内沸腾，我称之为。

And then looking out and then looking up and seeing Ben Chaney.

然后向外望去，然后抬头看到了本·钱尼。

James Chaney's little brother.

詹姆斯·钱尼的弟弟。

I lost it.

我把它弄丢了。

I totally just lost it.

我完全失去了它。

Dave Dennis, Organizer: : Don't bow down any more!

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者：：不要再低头了！

Hold your heads up!

抬起头来！

We want our freedom now!

我们现在就想要自由！

I don't want to have to go to another memorial.

我不想再去另一个纪念馆了。

I'm tired of funerals.

我厌倦了葬礼。

Tired of it!

厌倦了！

We've got to stand up!

我们必须站起来！

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : I think a lot of people in Mississippi, white people, thought, "If we could just repel them with the violence, they'll go away."

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：我认为密西西比州的很多白人，即白人，都认为，“如果我们能够用暴力击退他们，他们就会消失。”

But, the beauty of Freedom Summer was the tenacity shown by local people and the volunteers by staying on and on despite the violence, despite the threats, despite the three bodies.

但是，自由之夏的美妙之处在于当地人和志愿者所表现出的坚韧，尽管有暴力，尽管有威胁，尽管有三具尸体，他们仍然坚持不懈。

That created a momentum that as it went on into July and on into August, you did begin to see more people showing up at mass meetings, more people showing up at the church.

这创造了一种势头，随着它进入七月和八月，你确实开始看到更多的人出现在群众聚会上，更多的人出现在教堂里。

Churches that had originally had maybe 10 or 12 people for an evening meeting, and there were evening meetings almost every night.

本来晚上聚会大概有10、12个人的教会，几乎每天晚上都有晚会。

Now you got 20, 30, 40, 50 people showing up.

现在有 20、30、40、50 人出现。

The churches are filled in the evening.

晚上教堂里挤满了人。

Just being there in Mississippi is making a difference.

来到密西西比州就已经有所作为。

Daisy Harris, Mississippi Resident: : The mass meeting was called by the community.

黛西·哈里斯 (Daisy Harris)，密西西比州居民： ：群众大会是由社区召集的。

That was the purpose of the mass meeting, to bring people up to date, don't have any fear.

这就是群众大会的目的，让人们了解最新情况，不要有任何恐惧。

Try to stick to your grounds and you are eligible to become a registered voter, don't have any fear.

尝试坚持你的立场，你就有资格成为登记选民，不要有任何恐惧。

It made us stronger.

它让我们变得更坚强。

As the time grew then the crowds started getting larger.

随着时间的推移，人群开始变得越来越多。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : My friends and I, my brothers, we would sit on the front pew at a meeting, and our role as young people was to stand up in front of the congregation and begin singing Freedom songs, all a cappella, clapping our hands.

安东尼·哈里斯（Anthony Harris），密西西比州居民：：我和我的朋友们，我的兄弟们，在会议上我们会坐在前排，我们作为年轻人的角色就是站在会众面前，开始唱自由歌曲，无伴奏合唱，拍手。

And the congregation would be on its feet and they're swaying from side to side.

会众会站起来，左右摇摆。

And we're singing these songs like "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round," "Oh Freedom."

我们唱的歌曲包括“Ain't Gonna Let Anybody Turn Me 'Round”、“Oh Freedom”。

Roscoe Jones, Mississippi Resident: : They would break out and sing, "This little light of mine, I'm gonna let it shine..."

罗斯科·琼斯 (Roscoe Jones)，密西西比州居民：：他们会爆发并唱道：“我的这盏小灯，我要让它闪耀……”

Hollis Watkins, Organizer: : On my project the volunteers, all of them had to go to the mass meetings.

霍利斯·沃特金斯（Hollis Watkins），组织者：：在我的项目中，志愿者们都必须参加群众集会。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : It played for them I think the same role that it played for black people.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者：：我认为它为他们发挥了与黑人相同的作用。

Because it was infectious.

因为它具有传染性。

It galvanized you.

它激励了你。

It fortified you.

它强化了你。

It enabled you to go on.

它使你能够继续下去。

Patti Miller, Volunteer: : When you're in a situation with that much fear and every day not knowing what's going to happen, when you're in a mass meeting you feel there's a feeling of safety, there's a feeling of strength.

帕蒂·米勒（Patti Miller），志愿者：：当你处于一种非常恐惧的境地，每天都不知道会发生什么时，当你参加群众集会时，你会感到有一种安全感，有一种力量感。

Everyone was there to change things.

每个人都在那里改变事情。

And so when you're in those mass meetings, you really believe you can.

所以当你参加那些大型会议时，你真的相信你可以。

Virginia Grey, Volunteer (archival): : We've organized into the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

弗吉尼亚·格雷，志愿者（档案）：：我们已经组建了密西西比自由民主党。

We're holding a Freedom Registration drive throughout the state; encouraging every negro and white who wants a stake in their political future to prove it by getting his name on a Freedom Registration book.

我们正在全州范围内举办自由登记活动；鼓励每一个希望在自己的政治未来中占有一席之地的黑人和白人通过在自由登记簿上登记自己的名字来证明这一点。

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : The word came down from the office in Jackson that, "All right.

克里斯·威廉姆斯（Chris Williams），志愿者：：杰克逊的办公室传来消息：“好吧。

This has gotta be the priority." Bob Moses said, "We gotta really concentrate on this, we've got to sign people up for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

这必须是首要任务。”鲍勃·摩西说：“我们必须真正集中精力于此，我们必须让人们加入密西西比自由民主党。

We were going to go to Atlantic City with a delegation of black Mississippians to challenge the white delegation at the Democratic National Convention.

我们打算与密西西比黑人代表团一起前往大西洋城，在民主党全国代表大会上挑战白人代表团。

Eleanor Holmes Norton, Organizer: : Our case was pure and unadulterated exclusion and discrimination.

埃莉诺·霍姆斯·诺顿（Eleanor Holmes Norton），组织者：：我们的案件纯粹是纯粹的排斥和歧视。

We regarded the delegation sent from Mississippi, an all-white delegation, as illegitimate under the rules of the Democratic Party, and we argued that our integrated delegation from all of the counties in the state should be seated instead.

我们认为密西西比州派出的代表团，一个全白人代表团，根据民主党的规则是非法的，我们认为应该由我们来自该州所有县的综合代表团来代替。

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : Those students helped us get people registered.

Peggy Jean Connor，密西西比州居民：：这些学生帮助我们进行了登记。

We registered thousands of 'em.

我们登记了数千个。

I guess people were just fed up.

我猜人们只是厌倦了。

People were hunting you to register to vote.

人们正在寻找你来登记投票。

You didn't have to just go to their houses.

你不必只是去他们的家。

They wanted to put their name on 'em.

他们想把自己的名字写在上面。

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : Any place people congregated we're there with our forms.

克里斯·威廉姆斯（Chris Williams），志愿者：：任何人们聚集的地方，我们都会带着表格。

It wasn't complicated like the official registration form, and it was confidential.

它并不像正式的注册表那么复杂，而且是保密的。

It wasn't going to pass through the hands of the white people down at the courthouse.

它不会经过法院的白人之手。

Virginia Grey Volunteer (archival): We have scheduled precinct meetings and district caucuses, and on August 6th, here in Jackson, we will hold our state convention.

弗吉尼亚格雷志愿者（档案）：我们已经安排了选区会议和选区党团会议，8 月 6 日，我们将在杰克逊这里举行州大会。

At that time, we will elect a slate of delegates for the national convention in Atlantic City.

届时，我们将选出在大西洋城举行的全国代表大会的代表名单。

Reverend Ed King, Organizer: : The delegates came from all over the state.

组织者埃德·金牧师： ：代表们来自全州各地。

Most of the delegates had never taken part in anything like this in their lifetime.

大多数代表一生中从未参加过这样的活动。

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : I was happy really, really, cause I did not think I would be a delegate.

Peggy Jean Connor，密西西比州居民：：我真的非常高兴，因为我不认为我会成为一名代表。

I didn't.

我没有。

And I was one of the first ones that they selected.

我是他们最先选择的人之一。

Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Volunteer: : It was a wonderful experience to see these people who had been oppressed and killed for trying to register to vote taking over their own destiny.

格温多林·佐哈拉·西蒙斯（Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons），志愿者： ：看到这些因试图登记投票而受到压迫和杀害的人们接管自己的命运，真是一次美妙的经历。

For the first time, doing something that I think they'd never imagined being able to do.

这是第一次，做一些我认为他们从未想象过能够做到的事情。

Aaron Henry, President of Mississippi branch of the NAACP (archival): : Will the delegates please be seated.

亚伦·亨利，全国有色人种协进会密西西比分会主席（档案）： 请代表们就座。

The state convention for the Freedom Democratic Party is now in session.

自由民主党的州代表大会现在正在开会。

Reverend Ed King, Organizer: : Out of 68 people in the delegation, four were white.

组织者艾德·金牧师： ：代表团 68 人中，有 4 人是白人。

The regular delegation was all white, had no blacks.

常规代表团全是白人，没有黑人。

So we are integrated at that point and they are not.

所以我们在这一点上是一体化的，而他们却不是。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Joseph Rauh agrees to be the chief counsel for the Mississippi Democratic Party.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：约瑟夫·劳（Joseph Rauh）同意担任密西西比州民主党的首席顾问。

Rauh is a Washington insider from way back in the 40s and he had worked with all sorts of liberal causes and politicians.

劳赫是 40 年代的华盛顿内部人士，曾与各种自由主义事业和政客合作过。

He was a lawyer for the United Auto Workers.

他是美国汽车工人联合会的律师。

He was very powerful, and that's a great person to have on your side.

他非常强大，有他在你身边真是太好了。

Reporter (archival audio): : Mr. Rauh what is your dispute with the regular Mississippi delegation?

记者（档案音频）：劳先生，您与密西西比州常驻代表团有何争议？

Joseph Rauh, Chief Counsel for Mississippi Democratic Party (archival): : It's very simple.

Joseph Rauh，密西西比民主党首席法律顾问（档案）：：非常简单。

They are disloyal to the national party.

他们对国家党不忠诚。

They exclude negroes who would help the national party from their roles.

他们将帮助国家党的黑人排除在外。

They have engaged in then terroristic activities in Mississippi.

他们当时在密西西比州从事恐怖活动。

John Dittmer, Historian: : The people in Mississippi didn't know how national politics work.

历史学家约翰·迪特默：密西西比州的人们不知道国家政治是如何运作的。

They didn't know how conventions work.

他们不知道公约是如何运作的。

Rauh did and he was the one who said that, "I think we can do this."

劳赫做到了，他就是那个说“我认为我们可以做到这一点”的人。

Sherwin Markman, Convention Delegate: : I can't overstate how seriously Johnson took this whole thing.

大会代表舍温·马克曼（Sherwin Markman）：我无法夸大约翰逊对整件事的重视程度。

He believed that Bobby Kennedy, who was then Attorney General, was going to use any disruption at the convention as a vehicle to displace him as the nominee.

他相信时任司法部长的鲍比·肯尼迪将利用大会上的任何干扰作为取代他提名人的工具。

The second thing he was concerned about is, he wanted to keep the regular southern wing in the party.

他担心的第二件事是，他想保留党内的常规南翼。

That the whole battle would cause a split within the party, which would drive out the regular southern states.

整个战斗将导致党内分裂，从而驱逐普通的南方各州。

And he believed that without the South's support he would lose the election.

他相信，如果没有南方的支持，他就会输掉选举。

So, I was designated to go to the convention as a delegate to make sure that did not happen.

因此，我被指定作为代表参加大会，以确保这种情况不会发生。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : We had Democratic Congressmen from Illinois and from other states.

查尔斯·麦克劳林（Charles McLaurin），组织者：：我们有来自伊利诺伊州和其他州的民主党国会议员。

The Democratic Party was the party of Adam Clayton Powell, so we, we felt we had an inroad there.

民主党是亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔的政党，所以我们，我们觉得我们在那里取得了进展。

If they let us state our case, we would be seated.

如果他们让我们陈述我们的情况，我们就会坐下。

I think that trip must've taken I guess 20 hours.

我想那趟旅程肯定花了 20 个小时。

I'm not sure.

我不确定。

It was a long trip.

这是一次长途旅行。

But the mood on the bus was upbeat.

但公交车上的气氛却很乐观。

Here we are going to Atlantic City to unseat the people who had denied us the right to vote.

我们将前往大西洋城推翻那些剥夺我们投票权的人。

So it was really a jubilant time to me.

所以这对我来说确实是一个欢欣鼓舞的时刻。

We stepped out into a new world.

我们走进了一个新世界。

Reporter (archival): : On Monday, the 1964 Democratic National Convention will open here in Atlantic City, a resort a hundred miles south New York.

记者（档案）：周一，1964 年民主党全国代表大会将在纽约以南 100 英里的度假胜地大西洋城开幕。

The job will be to nominate President Lyndon B.

这项工作将是提名总统林登·B.

Johnson as the man to take on Senator Barry Goldwater in the Presidential election battle in November.

约翰逊将在 11 月份的总统选举中与参议员巴里·戈德华特 (Barry Goldwater) 较量。

Known as Convention City and home of the Miss America contest, Atlantic City can now claim the honor of a national political convention.

大西洋城被誉为会议之城和美国小姐大赛的举办地，现在可以获得全国政治大会的荣誉。

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : These people were beauticians and farmers and mechanics, and they had kind of baggy, worn suits and funny looking dresses in some cases, and they weren't slick like the rest of the delegates were, so people weren't quite sure what to make of these people.

志愿者克里斯·威廉姆斯：这些人是美容师、农民和机械师，他们穿着宽松、破旧的西装，有时还穿着看起来滑稽的裙子，而且他们不像其他代表那样圆滑，所以人们不太确定如何看待这些人。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : We believe that we will be seated in this convention because it is right.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）：：我们相信我们将参加这次大会，因为这是正确的。

When you tell the truth you don't have anything to hide...

当你说实话的时候，你就没有什么可隐瞒的了……

Reverend Ed King, Organizer: : Outside the convention hall we had a vigil went on 24 hours, every day that the convention was in session.

组织者埃德·金牧师：：在大会召开期间，我们每天都会在会议厅外进行 24 小时守夜活动。

Karin Kunstler Goldman, Volunteer: : It was, you know, great for us who had spent time in Mississippi to see not only people from Mississippi there, and not only volunteers there, but larger groups of people who came from all over to support the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

卡琳·昆斯特勒·戈德曼（Karin Kunstler Goldman），志愿者：：你知道，这对我们来说很棒，我们在密西西比州度过了一段时间，不仅看到了那里的密西西比州人民，不仅看到了那里的志愿者，还看到了来自各地支持密西西比州自由民主党的更多人。

I know the Boardwalk was covered with people.

我知道木板路上挤满了人。

I think it was hard to walk down the Boardwalk because there was so many of us.

我认为沿着木板路走很困难，因为我们人太多了。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer, singing (archival): : Go tell it on the mountain.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者，歌唱（档案）：：去山上讲述吧。

Over the hills and everywhere.

越过山丘，无处不在。

Go tell it on the mountain to let my people go.

去山上告诉它，让我的人走。

Rita Schwerner Bender, Organizer: : The whole notion of the demonstration out on the boardwalk and the MFDP challenge was all by way of trying to use the attention that would be focused on the convention to say to the country, "look at Mississippi, look at what is going on there.

丽塔·施维尔纳·本德（Rita Schwerner Bender），组织者：：木板路示威和 MFDP 挑战的整个概念都是试图利用大会上的注意力向全国说：“看看密西西比州，看看那里正在发生什么。

You cannot allow this to continue."

你不能允许这种情况继续下去。”

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer, singing (archival): : Go tell it on the mountain to let my people go.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者，歌唱（档案）：：去山上告诉它，让我的人民走。

Eleanor Holmes Norton, Organizer: : We had to go to the delegations from the various states to make a case that had never been made before that an official delegation that came from a state should not be recognized, and an entire challenge delegation should be recognized in its place.

埃莉诺·霍姆斯·诺顿（Eleanor Holmes Norton），组织者：：我们必须向各个州的代表团提出前所未有的理由，即来自一个州的官方代表团不应得到承认，而应该承认整个挑战代表团。

Sherwin Markman, Convention Delegate: : They were very confident coming to the convention.

大会代表舍温·马克曼 (Sherwin Markman)：：他们对参加大会非常有信心。

They had every reason to be confident.

他们完全有理由充满信心。

The Mississippi Freedom Party had morality on their side, which is a powerful force in politics.

密西西比自由党有道德支持，这是政治上的强大力量。

So this was a revolution that they were starting within the Democratic Party.

所以这是他们在民主党内部发起的一场革命。

Reporter (archival): : Mr. Rauh when will the fight come and how?

记者（档案）：：Rauh先生，战斗什么时候发生、如何发生？

Joseph Rauh, Chief Counsel for Mississippi Democratic Party (archival): : Well the fight comes this way.

约瑟夫·劳 (Joseph Rauh)，密西西比州民主党首席法律顾问（档案）：好吧，斗争就是这样进行的。

On Saturday afternoon there will be a hearing before the credentials committee, and we will present our case.

周六下午，资格证书委员会将举行听证会，我们将陈述我们的案子。

John Dittmer, Historian: : This was before the convention actually formally met.

历史学家约翰·迪特默：：这是在大会真正正式召开之前。

These 108 people would listen to the Freedom Democrats, then if 11, only 11 members of that committee would file a minority report, that would mean that it would go to the convention floor.

这 108 人会听取自由民主党的意见，那么如果有 11 人，该委员会中只有 11 名成员会提交少数派报告，这意味着它将进入大会堂。

In front of a national television audience, why, the Freedom Democrats would win because their case, of course, was so strong.

在全国电视观众面前，自由民主党会获胜，因为他们的论点当然非常有力。

Reporter (archival): : Are you hoping that President Johnson will come out on the side of your party?

记者（档案）：您是否希望约翰逊总统站在您的政党一边？

Joseph Rauh, Chief Counsel for Mississippi Democratic Party (archival): : No, I think that'd be a mistake.

约瑟夫·劳 (Joseph Rauh)，密西西比民主党首席法律顾问（档案）： ：不，我认为这是一个错误。

I think it would be a mistake for the President to take sides, even our side.

我认为总统选边站队，甚至是我们这边，都是错误的。

All we ask for is benevolent neutrality, by which I mean real, honest to goodness neutrality.

我们所要求的只是仁慈的中立，我的意思是真正的、诚实的中立。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : I don't know how anybody can stop what they're doing in the Freedom Party.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：我不知道如何才能阻止他们在自由党所做的事情。

I think it's very bad, and I wish I could stop it.

我认为这非常糟糕，我希望我能阻止它。

I tried, but I haven't been able to.

我尝试过，但我没能做到。

Last night I couldn't sleep.

昨晚我无法入睡。

' 'Bout 2:30 I waked up…

” “大约 2 点 30 分我醒了……

Taylor Branch, Historian: : Lyndon Johnson literally was so fearful that the convention was gonna blow up that he essentially went to bed for two or three days and had what amounted to a nervous breakdown.

历史学家泰勒·布兰奇 (Taylor Branch)：林登·约翰逊 (Lyndon Johnson) 确实非常害怕大会会爆发，以至于他基本上睡了两三天，精神崩溃了。

He told his closest advisors and his closest friends that he was gonna quit, that he couldn't take the pressure.

他告诉他最亲密的顾问和最亲密的朋友，他要辞职，他无法承受压力。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : I do not believe I can physically and mentally carry the responsibilities of the world and the niggras and the South.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：我不相信我在身体上和精神上能够承担起世界、黑人和南方的责任。

And I thought about it a good deal this morning.

今天早上我想了很多。

John Dittmer, Historian: : The testimony before the Credentials Committee, the FDP had a line up of very different people.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)：：在证书委员会面前的证词中，自民党有一群截然不同的人。

They had Rita Schwerner, the widow of Mickey, who had been killed in Neshoba County.

他们有米奇的遗孀丽塔·施维尔纳，她在内肖巴县被杀。

They had Martin Luther King.

他们有马丁·路德·金。

Everybody knew King.

每个人都认识金。

Martin Luther King, Jr. (archival): : The seating of the delegation from the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, has political and moral significance far beyond the borders of Mississippi, of the halls of this convention.

马丁·路德·金（档案）：密西西比州自由民主党代表团的就座具有远远超出密西西比州边界和本次大会大厅的政治和道德意义。

John Dittmer, Historian: : But the highlight of that testimony was that of Fannie Lou Hamer.

历史学家约翰·迪特默 (John Dittmer)：但该证词的亮点是范妮·卢·哈默 (Fannie Lou Hamer) 的证词。

The sharecropper who had been evicted from her plantation had come to symbolize the Mississippi movement.

被逐出种植园的佃农已成为密西西比运动的象征。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : Mr. Chairmen and to the credentials committee.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）：：主席先生，全权证书委员会。

It was the 31st of August in 1962 that 18 of us travelled 26 miles to the county courthouse in Indianola to try to register to become first class citizens.

1962 年 8 月 31 日，我们 18 个人长途跋涉 26 英里来到印第安诺拉县法院，试图登记成为一等公民。

We was met in Indianola with, by policemen...

我们在印第安诺拉遇到了警察……

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : The President, Lyndon Johnson, he's not afraid of Martin Luther King's testimony.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：林登·约翰逊总统，他并不害怕马丁·路德·金的证词。

He's afraid of Fannie Lou Hamer's testimony.

他害怕范妮·卢·哈默的证词。

And so he decides that the country should not see her testify live.

因此他决定国家不应该看到她现场作证。

Taylor Branch, Historian: : Johnson is in the White House and he convened an impromptu press conference.

历史学家泰勒·布兰奇：约翰逊在白宫，他召开了一场临时新闻发布会。

Reporter, NBC News (archival): : We will return to this scene in Atlantic City.

NBC新闻记者（档案）：：我们将回到大西洋城的这一场景。

But now we switch to the White House and NBC's Robert Garosky.

但现在我们转向白宫和 NBC 的罗伯特·加罗斯基。

Reporter, NBC News (archival): : Now ladies and gentleman, the President of the United States.

NBC 新闻记者（档案）： 女士们、先生们，现在是美国总统。

Taylor Branch, Historian: : He did it knowing that they would break away thinking he might announce who his choice of Vice President was gonna be.

历史学家泰勒·布兰奇（Taylor Branch）：他这样做时知道他们会认为他可能会宣布他选择的副总统是谁。

Instead he gets up there and he announces -- get this -- he announces that it's nine months to the day since Governor Connolly, who was there, was shot along with President Kennedy.

相反，他站到那里宣布——听着——他宣布距离当时在场的康诺利州长和肯尼迪总统一起被枪杀已经过去九个月了。

So he announced a nine-month anniversary, everybody's scratching their heads.

所以他宣布了九个月周年纪念日，每个人都摸不着头脑。

Taylor Branch, Historian: : And then he leaves.

历史学家泰勒·布兰奇：：然后他就离开了。

By that time Fannie Lou Hamer's testimony was over.

那时范妮·卢·哈默的证词已经结束。

However, it backfired on Johnson because it became a story that she had been taken off television, and in the news that night and for days afterwards they replayed her testimony.

然而，这对约翰逊来说适得其反，因为这成为了她被从电视上撤下的故事，并且在那天晚上和之后的几天里，他们在新闻中重播了她的证词。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : I was carried to the county jail and put in the booking room.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）： ：我被带到县监狱并被关在预订室。

They left some of the people in the booking room and began to place us in cells.

他们把一些人留在了预订室，开始把我们安置在牢房里。

Bob Moses, Organizer (archival): : She had Mississippi in her bones.

鲍勃·摩西，组织者（档案）：：她骨子里有密西西比州。

Martin Luther King, or the SNCC field secretaries they couldn't do what Fannie Lou Hamer did.

马丁·路德·金，或者 SNCC 的现场秘书，他们无法做范妮·卢·哈默所做的事情。

They couldn't be a sharecropper and express what it meant, right, and that's what Fannie Lou Hamer did.

他们不可能成为佃农并表达其含义，对吧，这就是房利美·卢·哈默所做的。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : And it wasn't too long before three white men came to my cell.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）： ：没过多久，三个白人就来到了我的牢房。

One of these men was state a highway patrolman.

其中一名男子是一名高速公路巡警。

He said we going to make you wish you was dead.

他说我们会让你生不如死。

I was carried out…

我被抬了……

Larry Rubin, Organizer: : I was in Mississippi watching it on television with local people.

拉里·鲁宾（Larry Rubin），组织者：：我在密西西比州和当地人一起在电视上观看了比赛。

This was a transformative moment for the folks in that room.

对于那个房间里的人来说，这是一个变革的时刻。

This was the first time that they ever had seen one of their own, a black Mississippian who they all knew, first of all, on television, secondly standing up for their rights.

这是他们第一次见到自己的人，一个他们都认识的密西西比黑人，首先是在电视上，其次是捍卫自己的权利。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : I began to scream and one white man got up and began to beat me in my head and tell me to hush.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）：：我开始尖叫，一名白人站起来，开始敲打我的头，让我安静。

One white man…

一名白人...

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : You listen to Mrs. Hamer and you're absolutely convinced that there's absolutely no justification for seating this all-white delegation.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：你听了哈默夫人的话，你绝对相信没有理由让这个全白人代表团就座。

Fannie Lou Hamer, Volunteer (archival): : And if the Freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question America.

Fannie Lou Hamer，志愿者（档案）：：如果自由民主党现在没有就座，我会质疑美国。

Is this America?

这是美国吗？

The land of the free and the home of the brave?

自由的土地和勇敢者的家园？

Where we have to sleep with our telephones off of da hook.

我们睡觉时必须把电话拔掉。

Because our lives be threatened daily.

因为我们的生命每天都受到威胁。

Because we want to live as decent human beings in America.

因为我们想在美国作为体面的人生活。

Thank you.

谢谢你。

Reporter (archival): : That testimony, offered in public session last Saturday, we are told had the greatest impact on the women members of the credentials committee and it is among them that a sufficient number has been found to make a minority report possible.

记者（档案）：：我们被告知，上周六在公开会议上提供的证词对全权证书委员会的女性成员影响最大，其中有足够的人数可以使少数派报告成为可能。

Representative Edith Green (archival): : The Freedom Democratic Party has done everything in its power, as I listen to the testimony to abide by the laws and rules of Mississippi.

众议员伊迪丝·格林（档案）：：自由民主党已尽其所能，正如我听取的证词一样，遵守密西西比州的法律和规则。

Senator Baker Motely (archival): : I think they ought to be seated in this convention.

参议员贝克·莫泰利（档案）：我认为他们应该参加这次大会。

I think they represent about 50% of the population of Mississippi, all the negroes in Mississippi who are excluded from voting and participation in the regular Democratic Party.

我认为他们代表了密西西比州约 50% 的人口，即密西西比州所有被排除在投票权和参加常规民主党之外的黑人。

And I think certainly they're entitled to representation.

我认为他们当然有权获得代表权。

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : There was a lot of sympathy for seating this Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：密西西比自由民主党的席位得到了很多人的同情。

But once you see that Lyndon Johnson has shut down Mrs. Hamer during her live testimony you can't help but wonder, what else is he gonna do?

但一旦你看到林登·约翰逊在哈默夫人的现场证词中让她闭嘴，你就会不禁想知道，他还能做什么？

And how are these delegates gonna respond when there's real pressure placed on them?

当这些代表面临真正的压力时，他们将如何应对？

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : Hell the northerners are more upset about this.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：：北方人对此更加不满。

They say, they call me right and say that the negroes have taken over the country.

他们说，他们认为我是对的，并说黑人已经接管了这个国家。

They're running the White House.

他们正在管理白宫。

They're running the Democratic Party.

他们正在管理民主党。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : And they don't understand it!

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：：他们不明白！

They're there before that television, they don't understand that nearly every white man in this country would be frightened if he thought negroes wanted to take him over.

他们在那台电视之前就在那里，他们不明白，如果这个国家的几乎每个白人都认为黑人想要接管他，他会感到害怕。

John Dittmer, Historian: : People who were on the Credentials Committee who were listed as being supportive of the challenge found that -- one case a woman was said, "Well, your husband isn't going to get that judgeship." There was other pressure applied throughout.

约翰·迪特默（John Dittmer），历史学家：：证书委员会中被列为支持这一挑战的人发现，在一个案例中，一名女性被告知，“好吧，你的丈夫不会获得法官职位。”整个过程中还施加了其他压力。

So, what had appeared to be a certainty became less and less certain.

于是，原本看似确定的事情变得越来越不确定。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Johnson was using everything he possibly could to keep this challenge at bay.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：约翰逊正在尽其所能来应对这一挑战。

Hubert Humphrey, he was slated to be the Vice Presidential nominee, and yet Johnson told him, "You will not be the Vice Presidential nominee if you can't fix this Mississippi problem."

休伯特·汉弗莱（Hubert Humphrey）原定成为副总统候选人，但约翰逊告诉他：“如果你不能解决密西西比州的问题，你就不会成为副总统候选人。”

He called Walter Reuther, his old friend with the United Auto Workers, and Joe Rauh's old friend, sent him to Atlantic City on a red eye flight to work, and they began to manipulate and pull strings.

他给他在美国汽车工人联合会的老朋友沃尔特·鲁瑟和乔·劳的老朋友打电话，送他乘坐红眼航班去大西洋城上班，他们开始操纵和幕后操纵。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival audio): : I don't think neither one of you ought to let anyone know, just go on and act independently.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案音频）：我认为你们都不应该让任何人知道，只需继续独立行动即可。

Don't be actin for Johnson or anybody else.

不要为约翰逊或其他任何人行事。

You just act on Reuther and you act on Humphrey.

你只需按照鲁瑟（Reuther）行事，然后按照汉弗莱（Humphrey）行事。

Don't have people saying that I'm making you do this.

别让别人说是我逼你这么做的。

I've never heard of it.

我从来没有听说过。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : Walter Reuther was the chairman of the United Auto Workers, at that time certainly one of the most powerful unions in America.

布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），《自由之夏》作者：沃尔特·鲁瑟（Walter Reuther）是美国汽车工人联合会的主席，该工会当时无疑是美国最强大的工会之一。

And he was Joe Rauh's boss -- Joe Rauh was the counsel for the United Auto Workers.

他是乔·劳的老板——乔·劳是美国汽车工人联合会的顾问。

Sherwin Markman, Convention Delegate: : Reuther came to Rauh and made that threat, "You either buy this compromise or you're no longer counsel of the UAW." And it worked.

大会代表舍温·马克曼 (Sherwin Markman)：鲁瑟来到劳赫并发出威胁，“你要么接受这个妥协方案，要么就不再是 UAW 的顾问。”它奏效了。

Walter Reuther, Chairman of the United Auto Workers (archival audio): : I talked to Joe Rauh and I says, "Look Joe, we've been friends for years, you're our lawyer, and by God if you don't work this thing out on a sensible, reasonable bases, then you and I are gonna part company, because I'm in the President's corner on this thing all the way."

美国汽车工人联合会主席沃尔特·鲁瑟（档案音频）：我和乔·劳谈过，我说，“听着，乔，我们已经是好几年的朋友了，你是我们的律师，上帝啊，如果你不能在明智、合理的基础上解决这件事，那么你和我就会分道扬镳，因为在这件事上我一直站在总统一边。”

Reporter (archival): : Late this afternoon a compromise offer came or the compromise announcement came in a special meeting of the Credentials Committee here in the auditorium.

记者（档案）：：今天下午晚些时候，在礼堂举行的证书委员会特别会议上提出了一项折衷方案或折衷公告。

Walter Mondale who's Chairman of the sub-committee, that drew it up, gave the details.

起草该草案的小组委员会主席沃尔特·蒙代尔 (Walter Mondale) 提供了详细信息。

Walter Mondale, Sub-Committee Chairman (archival): : We recommend that the convention instruct the Democratic National Committee...

沃尔特·蒙代尔（Walter Mondale），小组委员会主席（档案）：：我们建议大会指示民主党全国委员会......

Sherwin Markman, Convention Delegate: : The compromise that was ultimately reached was we would give them two seats and the official Mississippi Delegation would keep its 68 seats.

大会代表舍温·马克曼 (Sherwin Markman)：最终达成的妥协是我们给他们两个席位，而密西西比州官方代表团将保留其 68 个席位。

Hollis Watkins, Organizer: : Someone came in and said, "They have offered us a compromise, and this is what the compromise is." And, at that point some of us that was there jumped up and said, "Oh, hell no."

霍利斯·沃特金斯（Hollis Watkins），组织者：：有人进来说：“他们向我们提出了妥协方案，这就是妥协方案。”就在那时，我们中的一些人跳起来说：“哦，天哪，不。”

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : We didn't come all the way here to Atlantic City for two seats.

Charles McLaurin，组织者： ：我们千里迢迢来到大西洋城并不是为了两个座位。

We came to unseat them, to come back to Mississippi representing the Democratic Party.

我们来是为了推翻他们，代表民主党回到密西西比州。

Mike Wallace, CBS News (archival): : Last night, Congressman Adam Clayton Powell of New York City came by our CBS News studios.

迈克·华莱士 (Mike Wallace)，CBS 新闻（档案）： 昨晚，纽约市国会议员亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔 (Adam Clayton Powell) 来到我们的 CBS 新闻演播室。

And I talked with him.

我和他谈过。

You would recommend that they accept that compromise...

你会建议他们接受这种妥协......

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : Adam Clayton Powell, he came and telling us that, "You all got to do this.

Peggy Jean Connor，密西西比州居民：：亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔，他来告诉我们，“你们都必须这样做。

This is politics.

这就是政治。

You give and you take.

你给予，你索取。

And you compromise."

而你妥协了。”

Charlie Cobb, Organizer: : The black establishment just couldn't comprehend that this group of people; these sharecroppers, these maids, these small farmers, these people from Mississippi back country would walk away from what these generous white people had offered.

查理·科布（Charlie Cobb），组织者：：黑人当权者无法理解这群人；这些佃农、这些女佣、这些小农、这些来自密西西比偏远地区的人将放弃这些慷慨的白人提供的东西。

They couldn't understand that.

他们无法理解这一点。

Peggy Jean Connor, Mississippi Resident: : Adam Clayton Powell didn't know Fannie Lou.

佩吉·简·康纳 (Peggy Jean Connor)，密西西比州居民：亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔 (Adam Clayton Powell) 并不认识房利美 (Fannie Lou)。

And he walked up to her he said, "You don't know who I am, do you?" And she just reared back in her seat and said, "Yeah, I know who you are.

他走到她面前，说道：“你不知道我是谁，是吗？”她只是从座位上站了起来，说道：“是的，我知道你是谁。

You are Adam Clayton Powell." She said, "But how many bales of cotton have you picked?

你是亚当·克莱顿·鲍威尔。”她说：“但是你摘了多少包棉花？

How many beatings have you taken?" He couldn't say nothing.

你挨了多少打了？”他什么也说不出来。

David Brinkley, NBC News (archival): : Well here's a piece of tape made a minute or two ago at the Union Baptist Temple in Atlantic City.

David Brinkley，NBC 新闻（档案）： ：这是一两分钟前在大西洋城的联合浸信会圣殿录制的一段磁带。

A meeting of the Freedom Democrat Party to consider this compromise.

自由民主党召开会议审议这一妥协方案。

Aaron Henry, President of Mississippi branch of the NAACP: : The delegates of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party has just voted unanimously to reject the proposal that has been offered by the Credentials Committee.

亚伦·亨利，全国有色人种协进会密西西比州分会主席：密西西比州自由民主党代表刚刚一致投票否决了全权证书委员会提出的提案。

Dave Dennis, Organizer: : We missed a golden opportunity, this country did, to say, to come out and show the world what a democracy really should look like and how this country would stand for and protect people who were fighting for the Constitution of the United States of America.

戴夫·丹尼斯（Dave Dennis），组织者：：我们错过了一个黄金机会，这个国家确实站出来向世界展示民主的真正面貌，以及这个国家将如何支持和保护为美利坚合众国宪法而战的人民。

They walked us right up to the doorsteps and then slammed the door.

他们送我们一直走到门口，然后关上了门。

John W.

约翰·W.

McCormack, D-MA (archival): : The Honorable Lyndon B.

麦科马克，D-MA（档案）：：林登·B.

Johnson is nominated by acclimation as our candidate as the President of the United States.

约翰逊被一致提名为我们的美国总统候选人。

Sherwin Markman, Convention Delegate: : The convention went as Johnson wanted.

大会代表舍温·马克曼 (Sherwin Markman)：大会按照约翰逊的意愿进行。

He appeared in great cheers, and hurrahs and standing ovations, and he was a happy President of the United States.

他出现在热烈的欢呼声、欢呼声和起立鼓掌中，他是一位快乐的美国总统。

Hubert Humphrey got rewarded.

休伯特·汉弗莱获得了奖励。

He was selected as Vice President, and that was that.

他被选为副总统，仅此而已。

Charles McLaurin, Organizer: : I felt bad that we had not unseated the Mississippi delegation, but Fannie Lou and I came home with the feeling that our mission had not ended.

查尔斯·麦克劳林（Charles McLaurin），组织者：：我对我们没有取代密西西比代表团感到遗憾，但房利美和我回到家时感觉我们的使命还没有结束。

We were coming home to continue to fight for the right to vote.

我们回家是为了继续争取投票权。

We were charged cause we had stuff back here to do.

我们被指控是因为我们有事情要回来做。

Lyndon Johnson, President (archival): : Under this act, if any county anywhere in this nation does not want federal intervention, it need only open its polling places to all of its people.

林登·约翰逊总统（档案）：：根据该法案，如果这个国家任何地方的任何县不希望联邦干预，它只需向所有人民开放其投票站即可。

Bruce Watson, Author "Freedom Summer": : The Voting Rights Act of 1965 actually got its birth during Freedom Summer.

Bruce Watson，《自由之夏》作者： 1965 年投票权法案实际上是在自由之夏期间诞生的。

It was signed in August of 1965, and one of the most important things it did was it abolished literacy tests, and it put voting in seven southern states under federal supervision.

它于 1965 年 8 月签署，它所做的最重要的事情之一就是废除了识字测试，并将南部七个州的投票置于联邦监督之下。

And that above all else, the legacy of Freedom Summer, really, really changed American politics.

最重要的是，“自由之夏”的遗产确实改变了美国政治。

By the end of 1965, 60% of blacks in Mississippi were registered to vote.

到 1965 年底，密西西比州 60% 的黑人登记投票。

Julian Bond, Organizer: : There's this great pressure within the movement, people saying, "Well, we did our best.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），组织者：：运动内部存在着巨大的压力，人们说：“好吧，我们已经尽力了。

We did the right thing and it didn't work out.

我们做了正确的事，但没有成功。

You know, when we were organizers, that was okay, but when we tried to have power, the power rose up and, and knocked us down."

你知道，当我们是组织者时，这没关系，但当我们试图获得权力时，权力就会崛起，然后把我们击倒。”

After the convention, the movement changes.

大会结束后，运动发生了变化。

There's this movement toward Black Nationalism which grows in SNCC.

黑人民族主义运动在 SNCC 中日益盛行。

There is just an idea of thinking about what we've been doing and doing something else, something different.

只是一个想法，思考我们一直在做的事情，然后做一些其他的、不同的事情。

Patti Miller, Volunteer: : When I was leaving Mississippi, I did not wanna go.

帕蒂·米勒（Patti Miller），志愿者：：当我离开密西西比州时，我不想走。

You know, you fall in love with the people.

你知道，你爱上了人们。

You fall in love with that community, that wholeness that you have when you're working as a part of something that's meaningful.

你会爱上这个社区，爱上你作为有意义的事情的一部分而工作时所拥有的整体性。

To know that you're just going back to a pretty staid life was very, very hard.

知道自己即将回归平静的生活是非常非常困难的。

Chris Williams, Volunteer: : I hope, sincerely hope that I made some small difference in moving the movement forward in rural Mississippi, of lifting the oppression off the necks of people who lived there, but I don't have any doubt all these years later that the person who benefitted the most from my being in Mississippi was me.

克里斯·威廉姆斯（Chris Williams），志愿者：：我希望，真诚地希望我能在推动密西西比州农村地区的运动向前发展方面做出一些小小的改变，解除居住在那里的人们的压迫，但多年来我毫不怀疑，从我在密西西比州的生活中受益最多的人就是我自己。

I have an experience that's unique among white Americans of an understanding of race that is impossible to get hardly any other way.

我有一种在美国白人中独一无二的经历，那就是对种族的理解几乎不可能通过任何其他方式获得。

Anthony Harris, Mississippi Resident: : The system, the Jim Crow system, had told me to stay in my place.

安东尼·哈里斯 (Anthony Harris)，密西西比州居民： ：这个制度，吉姆·克劳制度，告诉我留在我的地方。

It had told me that, "you have a role to play in Jim Crow society, play it well." And I had played it well, so did many other black people, but now Freedom Summer was telling us, "You don't have to play that role anymore, folks.

它告诉我，“你在种族隔离社会中要扮演一个角色，要扮演好角色。”我和其他许多黑人都表现得很好，但现在自由之夏告诉我们，“你们不必再扮演这个角色了，伙计们。

You are now on the path, it's gonna be a tough struggle, for children, for adults, for everybody involved in the movement it's gonna be tough." But that train has left the station, y'all.

你们现在正走在这条路上，这将是一场艰苦的斗争，对儿童、成人、每个参与运动的人来说都将是艰难的。”但是那趟火车已经离开车站了，你们大家。

Slate: : Today, Mississippi has more African American elected officials than any other state in the country.

Slate：：如今，密西西比州的非裔美国民选官员比该国任何其他州都多。

A new telling of the story of the 1964 murders of three civil rights workers in Neshoba County, Mississippi—carried out by the Klan and enabled by police collusion and a Mississippi state spy agency.

全新讲述了 1964 年密西西比州内肖巴县三名民权工作者被谋杀的故事，该事件由三K党实施，警方与密西西比州间谍机构勾结。

Five decades of calling for justice for James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman.

五年来一直呼吁为詹姆斯·钱尼、迈克尔·施维尔纳和安德鲁·古德曼伸张正义。

Filmmaker Stanley Nelson and American Experience Executive Producer Cameo George discuss three of Nelson's Civil Rights films, how these stories shaped and advanced the ongoing civil rights movement, and how public media can help elevate filmmakers of color in telling diverse stories.

电影制片人斯坦利·尼尔森和《美国体验》执行制片人卡梅奥·乔治讨论了尼尔森的三部民权电影，这些故事如何塑造和推动了正在进行的民权运动，以及公共媒体如何帮助提升有色人种电影制片人讲述多样化的故事。

On June 21, 1964, three young men disappeared near the town of Philadelphia, Mississippi.

1964 年 6 月 21 日，三名年轻人在密西西比州费城镇附近失踪。

Fannie Lou Hamer was born in 1917, the 20th child of Lou Ella and James Lee Townsend, sharecroppers east of the Mississippi Delta.

范妮·卢·哈默 (Fannie Lou Hamer) 出生于 1917 年，是密西西比三角洲东部佃农卢·艾拉 (Lou Ella) 和詹姆斯·李·汤森 (James Lee Townsend) 的第 20 个孩子。

Tracy Sugarman was an American illustrator known for chronicling momentous events in American History, from D-Day to the Civil Rights struggle.

特雷西·休格曼 (Tracy Sugarman) 是一位美国插画家，以记录美国历史上的重大事件而闻名，从诺曼底登陆到民权斗争。

In 1964, over 700 volunteers joined organizers and local African Americans in Mississippi to participate in The Mississippi Summer Project.

1964 年，700 多名志愿者与组织者和密西西比州当地非裔美国人一起参加了密西西比州夏季项目。

Explore the photos.

探索照片。

They called it "a campaign that may have no parallel since the days of Reconstruction." In 1964, more than 700 civil rights workers focused their efforts on Mississippi.

他们称其为“自重建时期以来可能没有可比的一场运动”。 1964 年，700 多名民权工作者将他们的努力集中在密西西比州。

When Mickey Schwerner was killed in Mississippi in the summer of 1964, much attention was trained on his wife, Rita.

1964 年夏天，米基·施维尔纳 (Mickey Schwerner) 在密西西比州被杀后，他的妻子丽塔 (Rita) 成为了人们关注的焦点。

During training before Freedom Summer in 1964, tension between the mostly-white volunteers and the mostly-black SNCC staff became evident immediately.

在 1964 年“自由之夏”之前的训练中，以白人为主的志愿者和以黑人为主的 SNCC 工作人员之间的紧张关系立即显现出来。

Not everyone agreed that bringing students volunteers from across the country into Mississippi in 1964 was a good idea.

并不是所有人都同意 1964 年将全国各地的学生志愿者带到密西西比州是一个好主意。

Folk singer Pete Seeger gave concerts in Mississippi in the summer of 1964.

1964 年夏天，民谣歌手皮特·西格 (Pete Seeger) 在密西西比州举办了音乐会。

On stage one night, he made a grave announcement.

一天晚上，他在舞台上宣布了一项严肃的决定。