Freedom Riders

John Lewis, Freedom Rider [reading] : "I wish to apply for acceptance as a participant in CORE's Freedom Ride, 1961." Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider [reading] : "...to travel via bus from Washington D.C. to New Orleans, Louisiana, and to test and challenge segregated..." Mae F.

John Lewis，自由乘车者 [正在阅读]：“我希望申请成为 CORE 1961 年自由乘车活动的参与者。”吉纳维芙·霍顿（Genevieve Houghton），《自由骑士》[正在阅读]：“……乘坐巴士从华盛顿特区前往路易斯安那州新奥尔良，并测试和挑战种族隔离……” Mae F.

Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider [reading] : "facilities en route.

莫尔特里·霍华德，自由骑士 [阅读]：“途中的设施。

I understand that I shall be participating in a non-violent protest..." Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider [reading] : "...against racial discrimination.

我知道我将参加非暴力抗议......”杰里·艾弗·摩尔，自由骑士[阅读]：“......反对种族歧视。

That arrests or personal injury to me might result..." Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The Freedom Rides of 1961 were the simple but daring plan: The Congress of Racial Equality came up with the idea to put blacks and whites in small groups on commercial buses, and they would deliberately violate the segregation laws of the deep South.

逮捕或对我造成人身伤害可能会导致……”历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺（Raymond Arsenault）：1961 年的自由乘车是一个简单但大胆的计划：种族平等大会提出了将黑人和白人分成小组乘坐商业巴士的想法，他们会故意违反南方腹地的种族隔离法。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : We were to go through various parts of the South, gradually going deeper and deeper, six of us on a Trailways bus and six of us on the Greyhound bus, and see whether places were segregated, whether people were being served when they went to get something to eat, or buy a ticket, or use the restrooms.

吉纳维芙·霍顿（Genevieve Houghton），自由骑士：我们要穿越南方的各个地方，逐渐深入，我们六个人乘坐 Trailways 巴士，六个人乘坐灰狗巴士，看看地方是否隔离，人们去吃东西、买票或上厕所时是否得到服务。

Gordon Carey, CORE Staff : One of the major thrusts of the Freedom Rides was to get the Movement into the Deep South.

戈登·凯里（Gordon Carey），核心员工：自由乘车运动的主要目标之一是将运动带入南方腹地。

Most of the action up till this time had been in the upper South or in the North.

到目前为止，大部分行动都发生在上南部或北部。

And one of the ideas here was to go into the deepest South.

这里的想法之一就是进入最南方。

We were hoping that this would start a national movement.

我们希望这能引发一场全国性的运动。

Derek Catsam, Historian : CORE had this set itinerary.

Derek Catsam，历史学家：CORE 有这个固定的行程。

They anticipated that this would be a two-week trip; that it would culminate down in New Orleans with a real celebration on the anniversary of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision.

他们预计这将是一次为期两周的旅行；它将在新奥尔良举行一场真正的庆祝布朗诉教育委员会决定周年纪念日的活动，将其推向高潮。

And there's almost an element of naiveté attached to it, how easily they thought it would go.

他们认为这件事会很容易发生，这几乎带有一种天真的成分。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : "I'm a senior at American Baptist Theological Seminary, and hope to graduate in June.

自由骑士约翰·刘易斯：“我是美国浸信会神学院的大四学生，希望在六月毕业。

I know that an education is important, and I hope to get one.

我知道教育很重要，我希望得到教育。

But at this time, human dignity is the most important thing in my life.

但此时，人的尊严是我生命中最重要的事情。

That justice and freedom might come to the Deep South." Man (archival) : I have no doubt that the negro basically knows that the best friend he's ever had in the world is the Southern white man.

正义和自由可能会来到南方腹地。”男人（档案）：我毫不怀疑黑人基本上知道他在世界上最好的朋友是南方白人。

Man (archival) : We talk about it here as separation of the races.

男人（档案）：我们在这里谈论的是种族的分离。

Customs and traditions that have been built up over the last hundred years that have proved for the best interest of both the colored and the white people.

过去一百年来建立的习俗和传统已被证明符合有色人种和白人的最大利益。

There's not been one single change.

没有任何一处变化。

Man (archival) : The colored man knows where he stands.

男人（档案）：有色人种知道自己的立场。

The white man knows where he stands.

白人知道自己的立场。

We have signs saying colored and white.

我们有写着彩色和白色的标志。

The colored man knows that he is not to enter there.

黑人知道他不能进入那里。

Woman (archival) : Well the nigger's all right in his place.

女人（档案）：好吧，黑鬼在他的位置上一切都很好。

But they've always been behind us and just tell you the truth, I want them always to stay behind me, 'cause I never have loved a nigger, mister.

但他们一直在我们身后，告诉你真相，我希望他们永远在我身后，因为我从来没有爱过一个黑鬼，先生。

Woman (archival) : You cannot change a way of life overnight.

女人（档案）：你不可能在一夜之间改变生活方式。

The more they try to force us into doing something, then the worse the reaction will be.

他们越是试图强迫我们做某事，反应就会越糟糕。

Man (archival) : Our colored people will do exactly as they have done.

男人（档案）：我们的有色人种将会像他们所做的那样做。

Our white people will do exactly as they have done.

我们的白人将会像他们所做的那样做。

Why?

为什么？

Because it's worked out best.

因为效果最好。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : It was all-encompassing; this so-called Southern way of life would and not allow for any breaks.

雷蒙德·阿瑟诺（Raymond Arsenault），历史学家：它包罗万象；这种所谓的南方生活方式不允许有任何中断。

It was a system that was only as strong, the white Southerners thought, as its weakest link.

南方白人认为，这个体系的强大程度取决于其最薄弱的环节。

So you couldn't allow people even to sit together on the front of a bus, something that really shouldn't have threatened anyone.

因此，你甚至不能允许人们坐在公共汽车的前面，这确实不应该威胁到任何人。

But it did.

但它确实做到了。

It threatened their sense of the wholeness, the sanctity of what they saw as an age-old tradition.

它威胁到了他们的整体感和他们所认为的古老传统的神圣性。

Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University : Traveling the segregated South, for black people, was humiliating.

黛安·纳什 (Diane Nash)，菲斯克大学学生：对于黑人来说，在种族隔离的南方旅行是一种耻辱。

The very fact that there were separate facilities was to say to black people and white people that blacks were so subhuman and so inferior that we could not even use public facilities that white people used.

设施分开的事实就是在向黑人和白人表明，黑人是如此的非人性和低等，以至于我们甚至不能使用白人使用的公共设施。

The Supreme Court even said that there was no right that a black person had that white people had to respect.

最高法院甚至表示，黑人没有任何权利需要白人尊重。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider : You didn't know what you were going to encounter.

查尔斯·珀森，自由骑士：你不知道你会遇到什么。

You had night riders.

你有夜骑者。

You had hoodlums.

你们有流氓。

You could be antagonized at any point in your journey.

在你的旅程中，你可能会在任何时候遭到反对。

So most of the time it was very, very difficult to plan a trip, and, you know, you always had someone to meet you there, because you didn't know what to expect.

所以大多数时候计划一次旅行是非常非常困难的，而且你知道，总是有人在那里遇见你，因为你不知道会发生什么。

Bus Driver singing (archival) : We're rolling along the highway....

公交车司机唱歌（档案）：我们沿着高速公路行驶......

Sangernetta Gilbert Bush, Montgomery Resident : My father traveled quite a bit.

桑格内塔·吉尔伯特·布什 (Sangernetta Gilbert Bush)，蒙哥马利居民：我父亲经常出差。

And he just wanted a cup of coffee to make it to Montgomery.

他只是想要一杯咖啡才能到达蒙哥马利。

And he had to go around the back of the café to get a cup of coffee and then they told him-- Woman (archival) : I'm sorry, our management does not allow us to serve Niggers in here.

他不得不绕到咖啡馆后面去喝杯咖啡，然后他们告诉他—— 女人（档案）：对不起，我们的管理层不允许我们在这里为黑人服务。

Sangernetta Gilbert Bush, Montgomery Resident : Pushed 'em all out the door.

桑格内塔·吉尔伯特·布什（Sangernetta Gilbert Bush），蒙哥马利居民：把他们全部赶出了门。

Bus Driver singing (archival) : It's a wonderful happy feeling, going along the broad highway....

公交车司机唱歌（档案）：沿着宽阔的高速公路行驶，真是一种美妙幸福的感觉……

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : I grew up in the South, a child of good and decent parents.

约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，罗伯特·肯尼迪 (RFK) 助理：我在南方长大，父母是善良体面的。

We had women who worked in our household, sometimes surrogate mothers.

我们有在家里工作的女性，有时是代孕母亲。

They were invisible women to me.

她们对我来说是隐形的女人。

I can't believe I couldn't see them.

我不敢相信我看不到他们。

I don't know where my head or heart was, I don't know where my parents' heads and hearts were, or my teachers; I never heard it once from the pulpit.

我不知道我的头和心在哪里，我不知道我的父母的头和心在哪里，也不知道我的老师；我从来没有在讲坛上听到过这样的说法。

We were blind to the reality of racism, and afraid, I guess, of change.

我们对种族主义的现实视而不见，我想，我们害怕改变。

Bus Driver singing (archival) : We're rolling along, America.

公交车司机唱歌（档案）：我们一路前行，美国。

Slate : 1961 John F.

石板：1961 约翰·F.

Kennedy (Archival) : Let the word go forth, from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.

肯尼迪（档案）：从此时此地，让我们向朋友和敌人宣布，火炬已经传递给新一代的美国人。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : When John Kennedy was elected in November 1960, there was great hope and expectation that things would be better on matters of civil rights, that was a contrast between him and Dwight Eisenhower.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：当约翰·肯尼迪于 1960 年 11 月当选时，人们对民权问题抱有很大的希望和期待，认为事情会变得更好，这是他与德怀特·艾森豪威尔之间的对比。

He was young and had ideas and talked about the New Frontier.

他年轻，有想法，谈论新边疆。

But when he gave his inaugural address in January of 1961, he talked about spreading freedom all over the world -- to China, to Latin America, to Africa -- to everywhere but Alabama, and Mississippi, and Georgia.

但当他在 1961 年 1 月发表就职演说时，他谈到将自由传播到全世界——中国、拉丁美洲、非洲——除了阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和乔治亚州以外的任何地方。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : The base of the Democratic Party was the essentially white voting South.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，RFK 传记作者：民主党的基础是白人投票的南方。

The Kennedys had to be careful about antagonizing Southern governors and the whole Southern establishment which was segregationist.

肯尼迪家族必须小心对抗南方州长和整个南方的种族隔离主义机构。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : I was the first governor in the South that publicly endorsed him for president.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我是南方第一位公开支持他竞选总统的州长。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : I think he's a person who's sympathetic to the problems and conditions in the South.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963（档案）：我认为他是一个同情南方问题和状况的人。

I think he's a man who will work with us down here.

我认为他会在这里和我们一起工作。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : I knew that you couldn't run for president on a segregation ticket, you know I knew that.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我知道你不能凭借种族隔离票竞选总统，我知道这一点。

But I felt like, that if we ever got in a situation where we needed some understanding and some help from the federal government in regard to our problems down here, that I'd get a good-- I'd get an audience.

但我觉得，如果我们遇到需要联邦政府对我们这里的问题给予理解和帮助的情况，我会得到很好的——我会得到观众。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : The entire nation will be looking at us on election day and will judge the way we feel about the segregation question by the size of the Democratic vote on November the 4th.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年（档案）：整个国家都将在选举日关注我们，并将根据 11 月 4 日民主党选票的大小来判断我们对种族隔离问题的看法。

Let's turn out the largest Democratic vote in the history of the state and show the people of this nation that we're not going to tolerate integration of the races one minute.

让我们进行该州历史上最大规模的民主党投票，并向这个国家的人民表明，我们一分钟都不会容忍种族融合。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : The Kennedys, when they came into office, were not worried about civil rights.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），肯尼迪传记作者：肯尼迪家族上任时并不担心公民权利。

They were worried about the Soviet Union.

他们担心苏联。

They were worried about the Cold War.

他们担心冷战。

They were worried about the nuclear threat.

他们担心核威胁。

When civil rights did pop up, they regarded it as a bit of a nuisance, as something that was getting in the way of their agenda.

当民权确实出现时，他们认为这有点麻烦，因为它妨碍了他们的议程。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : It became clear that the civil rights leaders had to do something desperate, something dramatic to get the Kennedys' attention.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：很明显，民权领袖必须做一些绝望的、戏剧性的事情才能引起肯尼迪家族的注意。

That was the idea behind the Freedom Rides -- to dare, essentially dare the federal government to do what it was supposed to do, and see if their constitutional rights would be protected by the Kennedy administration.

这就是“自由乘车”背后的想法——敢于，本质上敢于让联邦政府做它应该做的事情，看看他们的宪法权利是否会受到肯尼迪政府的保护。

James Farmer (Archival) : I'm James Farmer, National Director of the Congress of Racial Equality, more often known as CORE.

詹姆斯·法默（档案）：我是詹姆斯·法默，种族平等大会（通常被称为 CORE）全国主任。

Clayborne Carson, Historian : CORE needed to do something to demonstrate that it really deserved to be mentioned in the same sentence with the NAACP or SCLC or Martin Luther King.

历史学家克莱伯恩·卡森 (Clayborne Carson)：CORE 需要做一些事情来证明它确实值得与全国有色人种协进会 (NAACP)、SCLC 或马丁·路德·金 (Martin Luther King) 在同一句话中提及。

For James Farmer this was a way of saying, 'I need to be brought into the discussions at the national level about how the civil rights campaign was going to be conducted.' Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : Farmer thought among the other benefits of the freedom rides would be added elevation for CORE.

对于詹姆斯·法默来说，这是一种表达方式，“我需要参与全国范围内关于如何开展民权运动的讨论。”朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），学生非暴力协调委员会：法默认为自由乘车的其他好处之一是增加核心的提升。

Because elevation for these groups mean everything; it means money, it means support, you get prestige, all that comes with publicity.

因为对于这些群体来说，地位的提升意味着一切。这意味着金钱，意味着支持，你会获得声望，所有这些都伴随着宣传而来。

And I'm sure Farmer was hoping for some publicity.

我确信法默希望得到一些宣传。

James Farmer (Archival) : I do not think we can lose.

詹姆斯·法默（档案）：我认为我们不会输。

We cannot lose unless we allow ourselves to be so divided that we lose a sense of direction and common purpose.

除非我们允许自己如此分裂，以至于失去方向感和共同目标，否则我们不会失败。

Derek Catsam, Historian : The idea of the Freedom Rides is a really radical idea.

德里克·卡萨姆（Derek Catsam），历史学家：自由乘车的想法是一个非常激进的想法。

The idea of going into Mississippi and going into Alabama and challenging segregation so frontally and so aggressively in many ways is something that alarmed not only those who opposed civil rights but those within the civil rights community.

进入密西西比州和阿拉巴马州并在许多方面如此正面和积极地挑战种族隔离的想法不仅让那些反对民权的人感到震惊，而且让民权界人士感到震惊。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : They thought it was too confrontational, that it was going to backfire, it was going to set the movement back.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：他们认为这太过对抗性，会适得其反，会让运动倒退。

It was too risky.

太冒险了。

CORE just didn't have the resources or the skill or really the know-how about the inner workings of Jim Crow and racism and how to fight it in the Deep South.

CORE 只是没有资源、技能或真正了解种族歧视和种族主义的内部运作方式，以及如何在南方腹地与之抗争。

And it was very likely that they would get arrested, they might get beaten up, they might even get killed.

而且很可能会被抓，被殴打，甚至被杀。

Man (archival, training video) : May I have a cup of coffee please?

男士（档案、培训视频）：我可以喝杯咖啡吗？

Woman (archival, training video) : Now look, I don't want any niggers in here, I don't...

女人（档案，培训视频）：现在看，我不想要任何黑鬼在这里，我不......

Man (archival, training video) : Nigger, what are you doing in here?

男人（档案，培训视频）：黑鬼，你在这里做什么？

Don't you know you don't belong here?

你不知道你不属于这里吗？

Gordon Carey, CORE Staff : The training that we did in Washington, D.C. prior to the time the Riders got on the buses was largely devoted to trying to see how the person is gonna react.

戈登·凯里（Gordon Carey），核心员工：在乘客上车之前，我们在华盛顿特区进行的培训主要是为了了解乘客的反应。

Man (archival, training video) : Are you with this fella?

男人（档案，培训视频）：你和这个家伙在一起吗？

Man (archival, training video) : Why yes, we're both interstate bus passengers.

男子（档案，培训视频）：为什么是的，我们都是州际巴士乘客。

Man (archival, training video) : Where you from?

男士（档案、培训视频）：你来自哪里？

Man (archival, training video) : I'm from the United States.

男子（档案，培训视频）：我来自美国。

Rev.

牧师。

James M.

詹姆斯·M。

Lawson, Jr., Freedom Rider : By using nonviolence, people see the contrast between your dignified, disciplined confrontation of the wrong, and then the reaction of violence.

小劳森，《自由骑士》：通过使用非暴力，人们会看到你对错误行为的有尊严、有纪律的对抗与暴力反应之间的对比。

No way of confusing that confrontation.

没有办法混淆这场对抗。

Man (archival, training video) : You move!

男人（档案，培训视频）：你动起来！

Man (archival, training video) : No, I don't move when I'm in the right.

男子（档案，培训视频）：不，当我在右边时我不会移动。

Man (archival, training video) : Well then, we'll....

男人（档案，培训视频）：那么，我们......

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : The Freedom Rides, I think, typified one of the standard contradictions within the Civil Rights Movement.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：我认为，自由乘车代表了民权运动中的标准矛盾之一。

On the one hand, it's nonviolent, doesn't hit back when hit.

一方面，它是非暴力的，被打时不还手。

On the other hand, they're really courting violence in order to attract publicity that will ford the cause.

另一方面，他们实际上是在寻求暴力，以吸引公众的注意，从而推动这一事业。

And so you have these mixed motives: Let's hope nothing happens, nobody's hurt.

所以你有这些复杂的动机：希望什么都没有发生，没有人受伤。

On the other hand, suppose something does happen.

另一方面，假设确实发生了某事。

Wouldn't that, in an ironic way, be good for us?

讽刺的是，这对我们来说不是有好处吗？

Man (archival) : Get out!

男人（档案）：滚出去！

Move out!

搬出去吧！

Move out!

搬出去吧！

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : People at CORE thought, "Maybe some bad things will happen," but I don't think they imagined anywhere near the kind of level of violence that they'd meet in Anniston and Birmingham and in Montgomery.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：CORE 的人们认为，“也许会发生一些不好的事情”，但我认为他们没有想象到他们会在安尼斯顿、伯明翰和蒙哥马利遇到的暴力程度。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : It was make believe and it did not scare me perhaps because it was make believe and I wasn't sure I'd really have to use all these techniques.

Genevieve Houghton，自由骑士：这是虚构的，但它并没有吓到我，也许是因为它是虚构的，我不确定我是否真的必须使用所有这些技术。

With our nonviolent behavior and our good will I thought we could do anything.

凭借我们的非暴力行为和良好意愿，我认为我们可以做任何事情。

Reporter (Archival) : Do you expect any trouble?

记者（档案）：您预计会遇到麻烦吗？

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider (Archival) : There is a possibility that we will not be served at some stops.

Genevieve Houghton，自由骑士（档案）：有些站点可能不会为我们提供服务。

There is a possibility that we might be arrested.

我们有可能被捕。

This is the only trouble that I anticipate.

这是我预计的唯一麻烦。

Singing: : I'm taking a trip on the Greyhound bus line.

唱歌：：我要乘坐灰狗巴士线旅行。

I'm riding the front seat to New Orleans this time.

这次我坐前座去新奥尔良。

Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling.

哈利路亚，我正在旅行。

Hallelujah, ain't it fine?

哈利路亚，好吗？

Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling down freedom's main line.

哈利路亚，我正在沿着自由的主线旅行。

Slate : May 4, 1961, Washington, D.C., Day 1 Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider : The first day getting on the bus, it was a good feeling.

时间：1961 年 5 月 4 日，华盛顿特区，第一天 Jerry Ivor Moore，自由骑士：第一天登上巴士，感觉很好。

It was a good feeling.

这是一种很好的感觉。

We were together, it was comradeship, it was a good cause, and we were going for the movement, you know, and we were going for the people.

我们在一起，这是同志情谊，这是一个美好的事业，我们是为了运动，你知道，我们是为了人民。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : Boarding that Greyhound bus to travel through the heart of the Deep South, I felt good.

约翰·刘易斯，自由骑士：登上灰狗巴士穿越南方腹地的中心地带，我感觉很好。

I felt happy.

我感到很高兴。

I felt liberated.

我感到解放了。

I was like a soldier in a nonviolent army.

我就像非暴力军队中的一名士兵。

I was ready.

我已经准备好了。

Singing: : Hallelujah I'm a-traveling, hallelujah ain't it fine?

歌唱：：哈利路亚，我正在旅行，哈利路亚，不是很好吗？

Hallelujah, I'm a traveling down freedom's main line.

哈利路亚，我正在沿着自由的主线旅行。

Derek Catsam, Historian : When the Freedom Riders board those buses in Washington D.C. those are regularly scheduled buses.

历史学家德里克·卡萨姆：当自由乘车者登上华盛顿特区的公共汽车时，这些公共汽车都是定期运行的公共汽车。

They're not chartered, they're not special buses.

它们不是包租的，也不是特殊的巴士。

They have a couple of representatives from the black press but no national media following them and they certainly don't have any protection, whether from the police or from the military or anything, I mean, they are going down on their own, on regular buses and are going to see what happens to them.

他们有几个来自黑人媒体的代表，但没有国家媒体跟踪他们，他们当然没有任何保护，无论是来自警察还是军队或其他什么，我的意思是，他们自己乘坐普通公共汽车下去，看看会发生什么。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : I thought white folks were gonna pull a fast one on us, they were gonna integrate the facilities during the time that we were there, and as soon as we left, they're gonna go back to doing business as usual.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：我以为白人会对我们采取快速行动，他们会在我们在那里期间整合设施，一旦我们离开，他们就会像往常一样继续做生意。

And in a few cities, that did happen.

在一些城市，这种情况确实发生了。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider : The first few days of the ride was uneventful.

查尔斯·珀森（Charles Person），自由乘车者：骑行的最初几天平安无事。

And it basically was a piece of cake.

这基本上是小菜一碟。

James Peck and I, we realized, that, you know, this is not going to be as bad we thought.

詹姆斯·佩克和我意识到，你知道，事情不会像我们想象的那么糟糕。

If we could do this all the way through, then we will have achieved what we had set out to do.

如果我们能一直做到这一点，那么我们就已经实现了我们的初衷。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Almost certainly there wouldn't have been Freedom Rides without Irene Morgan.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：几乎可以肯定，如果没有艾琳·摩根，就不会有自由乘车。

She refused to give up her seat on a bus in Gloucester County, Virginia, in July of 1944.

1944 年 7 月，她在弗吉尼亚州格洛斯特县的一辆公共汽车上拒绝让座。

She took her case all the way to the Supreme Court.

她将案件一路上诉至最高法院。

And in Morgan vs. Virginia , in June of 1946, on paper at least the Supreme Court struck down segregation in interstate travel on buses.

1946 年 6 月，在摩根诉弗吉尼亚案中，最高法院至少在纸面上废除了州际公交车上的种族隔离政策。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : But no state in the South obeyed these decisions, so it was as if they'd never happened.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：但是南方没有一个州遵守这些决定，所以就好像它们从未发生过一样。

The Greyhound Bus Company, the Trailways Bus Company were able to hide behind the refusal of State law to accommodate to Federal law.

灰狗巴士公司和铁路巴士公司能够以拒绝州法律为借口来适应联邦法律。

So despite the fact that you'd had these national rulings, which should have been law everyplace in the country, they weren't in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, across the South -- business as usual.

因此，尽管事实上你已经有了这些全国性的裁决，这些裁决本应该成为全国各地的法律，但它们并没有在阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州、佛罗里达州以及整个南方——一切如常。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : When we got to Atlanta, there was a little reception for us, headed by the Reverend Martin Luther King, and of course it was a great privilege for all of us to meet him.

吉纳维夫·霍顿，自由骑士：当我们到达亚特兰大时，在马丁·路德·金牧师的带领下，我们受到了一个小小的接待，当然，我们所有人都很荣幸能见到他。

He was an icon of the Movement.

他是该运动的偶像。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : They had hopes not only to meet Dr. King, but maybe he would be come a Freedom Rider, that he'd get on those buses with them.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：他们不仅希望见到金博士，而且也许他会成为一名自由骑士，与他们一起登上这些公共汽车。

But he pulled some of the leaders of the Freedom Ride aside and said, 'Look, I hear some pretty disturbing things from my sources in Alabama.

但他把自由乘车运动的一些领导人拉到一边说：‘听着，我从阿拉巴马州的消息来源那里听到了一些相当令人不安的事情。

The Alabama Klan is preparing quite a welcome.

阿拉巴马三K党正在准备一场盛大的欢迎仪式。

And furthermore, many people in the Movement think what you're doing may do more harm than good.' King said, 'I'm not going to get on the buses with you, and if I were you, I probably wouldn't go into Alabama.' Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : Later that night, Jim Farmer's wife called from Washington to tell him that his father had died, which meant that he was gonna have to leave for a few days and leave other people in charge.

此外，运动中的许多人认为你所做的可能弊大于利。金说：“我不会和你一起坐公共汽车，如果我是你，我可能不会去阿拉巴马州。”摩西·纽森，记者，非裔美国人：那天晚上晚些时候，吉姆·法默的妻子从华盛顿打电话告诉他，他的父亲去世了，这意味着他将不得不离开几天，并让其他人负责。

He was the main man, and losing him was quite a sobering thing.

他是主角，失去他是一件非常令人清醒的事情。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : Jim Peck kind of took over, but the leader was not there to lead and we would have to lead ourselves, and we were getting into the most dangerous part of the trip.

吉纳维芙·霍顿（Genevieve Houghton），自由骑士：吉姆·佩克（Jim Peck）接管了一切，但领导者不在场，我们必须自己领导，我们正进入旅程中最危险的部分。

Slate : May 14, 1961, Atlanta, GA, Day 11 Raymond Arsenault, Historian : There were two buses leaving Atlanta for Birmingham that Mother's Day morning -- one Greyhound, one Trailways.

日期：1961 年 5 月 14 日，佐治亚州亚特兰大，第 11 天 雷蒙德·阿瑟诺 (Raymond Arsenault)，历史学家：母亲节那天早上有两辆公共汽车从亚特兰大出发前往伯明翰——一辆是灰狗巴士，一辆是 Trailways。

Two groups of Freedom Riders.

两组自由骑士。

They left an hour apart.

他们分开一个小时。

Only one made it all the way to Birmingham.

只有一个人一路到达伯明翰。

Mae F.

梅·F.

Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider : It was such a beautiful day, it was such a quiet feeling that day at the-- it was bright and sunny.

莫尔特里·霍华德，自由骑士：那是多么美好的一天，那天的感觉是如此安静——阳光明媚。

The sky was blue.

天空很蓝。

And it was just a beautiful scenery.

而这只是一道美丽的风景。

We didn't have a sense of fear.

我们没有恐惧感。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : These people are going from town to town and getting off the bus and seeking, through mixed groups -- negro men and white women -- to force themselves into situations which tend to inflame the local people in such a manner as to incense them and enrage them and to provoke them into acts of violence.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963（档案）：这些人从一个城镇走到另一个城镇，下车后，试图通过混合群体（黑人男性和白人女性）强迫自己陷入激怒当地人的境地，从而激怒他们、激怒他们，并挑起他们采取暴力行为。

That's what they're doing.

这就是他们正在做的事情。

Brandt Ayers, Journalist : It was a very disconcerting period.

Brandt Ayers，记者：那是一段非常令人不安的时期。

It was as if one civilization was just coming unhinged and was free-floating and taking on water.

就好像一个文明刚刚失去了理智，自由漂浮并吸收了水。

That was that feeling.

就是那样的感觉。

People in the South felt, 'I'm being asked to live in a different way, I'm asked to have different attitudes, I'm asked to behave differently.

南方人觉得，‘我被要求以不同的方式生活，我被要求有不同的态度，我被要求有不同的行为。

And as I'm being made to do all of these things, there are people who come on the TV in my own living room and tell me that I'm a redneck, and I'm a racist, and I'm all of these things -- and by God, I'd like to, I'd just like to punch some of those- them damn agitators right in the face!

当我被迫做所有这些事情时，有人在我自己客厅的电视上告诉我，我是一个乡下人，我是一个种族主义者，我就是所有这些人——上帝啊，我愿意，我只想打他们中的一些人——他们是该死的煽动者！

I gotta hate somebody.

我必须恨一个人。

I got to hate somebody.' Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : I lived with my family five miles out of Anniston on the Birmingham highway.

我必须恨一个人。 Janie Forsyth McKinney，安尼斯顿居民：我和家人住在距离安尼斯顿五英里的伯明翰高速公路上。

I was 12 years old at the time.

当时我12岁。

My dad had a grocery store beside the house and the name of it was Forsyth and Son Grocery.

我爸爸在房子旁边有一家杂货店，它的名字是福赛思和儿子杂货店。

One day he said there were some black agitators, nigger agitators, coming down from the North.

有一天，他说有一些黑人煽动者，黑鬼煽动者，从北方过来。

He said, he and some of his friends had a little surprise party planned for 'em, and he kind of laughed.

他说，他和他的一些朋友为他们计划了一个小惊喜派对，他笑了。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : As we entered the city limits of Anniston, we could see the bus station.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：当我们进入安尼斯顿市区时，我们可以看到公交车站。

Looked like at least 200 people were around the bus station.

看起来公交车站周围至少有200人。

All men.

都是男人。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : They were calling us all kind of names: 'nigger, nigger-lovers, communists, come on out and integrate Alabama, we dare you to do this, we dare you to do that.' Mae F.

摩西·纽森，记者，非裔美国人：他们给我们起各种各样的名字：“黑鬼、黑鬼爱好者、共产主义者，出来融入阿拉巴马州，我们敢让你这么做，我们敢让你这么做。”梅·F.

Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider : The men began to come closer and surround the bus completely and they were saying lets kill these niggers on this bus and these nigger lovers.

莫尔特里·霍华德，自由骑士：这些人开始靠近并完全包围公共汽车，他们说让我们杀死这辆公共汽车上的这些黑鬼和这些黑鬼爱好者。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The Anniston Klan had it all worked out.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：安尼斯顿三K党已经解决了一切。

They had one of their members lie down in front of the bus.

他们让一名成员躺在公共汽车前。

They were puncturing tires.

他们正在刺破轮胎。

They were breaking windows.

他们正在打破窗户。

They wanted to make sure that bus couldn't leave before they could surround it and do whatever they wanted to do.

他们想确保巴士无法离开，然后他们才能包围它并做任何他们想做的事。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : The bus may have been there for 10 or 15 minutes; to us it seemed like an hour.

汉克·托马斯（Hank Thomas），自由骑士：公共汽车可能已经在那里呆了 10 或 15 分钟；对我们来说，这似乎是一个小时。

Another bus driver was able to ease the bus through the crowd.

另一名公交车司机设法让公交车轻松穿过人群。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : At first there was a feeling of relief because we were getting away there, we thought.

摩西·纽森（Moses Newson），记者，非裔美国人：起初我们有一种如释重负的感觉，因为我们想，我们要离开那里了。

But this car that was in front of us kept dodging from side to side to keep the bus from getting by.

但前面的这辆车却不断地左右躲闪，不让公交车通过。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : I spoke to a innocent passenger who was sitting there and said, 'I'm sorry I got you into this.' And he said, 'So am I.' Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : Eventually we heard that sickening sound of tires going flat.

吉纳维芙·霍顿，自由骑士：我对坐在那儿的一位无辜乘客说：“很抱歉让你卷入这件事。”他说：“我也是。”摩西·纽森（Moses Newson），记者，非裔美国人：最终我们听到了令人作呕的轮胎漏气的声音。

Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : There was a commotion outside so I walked to the front of the store to see if I could tell what going on.

Janie Forsyth McKinney，安尼斯顿居民：外面发生了骚乱，所以我走到商店前面，看看我是否能知道发生了什么。

The bus driver came out and he went out to look at the tires and when he realized how flat and hopeless they were he just walked away from the bus and just left all the passengers to fend for themselves.

巴士司机出来了，他出去查看轮胎，当他意识到轮胎是多么扁平和绝望时，他只是走开了巴士，让所有乘客自生自灭。

He just walked away.

他就走开了。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : We were now in the hands of this mob.

吉纳维夫·霍顿，自由骑士：我们现在落入了这群暴徒的手中。

It didn't look good for us.

这对我们来说看起来不太好。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : I'm, like everyone else on the bus, I'm pretty afraid.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：我和车上的其他人一样，非常害怕。

Okay.

好的。

That's putting it mildly.

这是温和地说。

Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : I watched as a man raised his arm above the crowd with a crowbar and he broke out one of the back windows of the bus.

安尼斯顿居民珍妮·福赛斯·麦金尼（Janie Forsyth McKinney）：我看到一名男子用撬棍举起手臂，打破了公交车的一扇后窗。

Mae F.

梅·F.

Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider : You could hear him say, 'Throw it in!

莫尔特里·霍华德，自由骑士：你可以听到他说，‘把它扔进去！

Throw it in.' And asking, 'Where is the gas?

把它扔进去。并问：‘煤气在哪里？

Where is the gas?' Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : The hand went down, and when it came back up it had some object in it that he threw into that hole.

煤气在哪里？珍妮·福赛思·麦金尼 (Janie Forsyth McKinney)，安尼斯顿居民：手放下来，当它抬起来时，里面有一些物体被他扔进了那个洞里。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : And there was immediate flash fire on the bus.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：巴士上立即起火。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : Pretty soon the whole back of the bus was black.

吉纳维芙·霍顿（Genevieve Houghton），自由骑士：很快巴士的整个后部就变成了黑色。

You couldn't even see in front of your face.

你甚至看不到你的脸。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : So I ran up to the front of the bus.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：所以我跑到了公共汽车的前面。

And I tried to open the door.

我试图打开门。

The only thing I could hear is, 'Let's burn them niggers, let's burn them niggers alive.' At that moment, the fuel tank exploded.

我唯一能听到的是，“让我们烧死他们黑鬼，让我们活活烧死他们。”就在这时，油箱爆炸了。

I heard somebody say, 'It's going to go!

我听到有人说：‘它要走了！

It's going to go!' And they ran and that was the only way we could get that door open.

它会走的！他们跑了，这是我们打开那扇门的唯一方法。

Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : The door burst open and people just spilled out into the yard.

Janie Forsyth McKinney，安尼斯顿居民：门突然打开，人们涌到院子里。

They were practically tripping over each other because they were so sick and needed to get some air.

他们几乎互相绊倒，因为他们病得很重，需要呼吸空气。

Mae F.

梅·F.

Moultrie Howard, Freedom Rider : I can't tell you if I walked off the bus or if I crawled off or if someone pulled me off.

莫尔特里·霍华德（Moultrie Howard），自由骑士：我无法告诉你我是步行下车还是爬下车还是有人把我拉下车。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : When I got off the bus, a man came up to me and I'm coughing and strangling and he said, 'Boy, you alright?' And I nodded my head, and the next thing I knew I was on the ground.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：当我下车时，一个男人向我走来，我咳嗽着，窒息着，他说，“孩子，你还好吗？”我点点头，接下来我就知道我已经倒在了地上。

He had hit me with a part of a baseball bat.

他用棒球棒的一部分打了我。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : People were gagging and they were crawling around on the ground, they were trying to get the smoke out of their chests.

摩西·纽森（Moses Newson），记者，非裔美国人：人们感到窒息，在地上爬行，试图将胸口的烟雾排出。

It was just an awful, awful, awful, awful scene.

这真是一个可怕、可怕、可怕、可怕的场景。

Janie Forsyth McKinney, Anniston Resident : It was horrible, it was like a scene from hell.

Janie Forsyth McKinney，安尼斯顿居民：太可怕了，就像来自地狱的场景。

It was – it was the worst suffering I'd ever heard.

这是——这是我听过的最严重的痛苦。

Yeah, I heard, 'Water, please get me water, oh God, I need water.' I walked right out into the middle of that crowd.

是的，我听到，‘水，请给我水，天啊，我需要水。’我径直走到人群中间。

I picked me out one person.

我选了一个人。

I washed her face.

我给她洗了脸。

I held her.

我抱着她。

I gave her water to drink, and soon as I thought she was gonna be ok I got up and picked out somebody else.

我给了她水喝，当我以为她会没事的时候，我就起身去找其他人。

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : As I'm getting up off the ground, four or five guys coming at me again.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：当我从地上站起来时，四五个人又向我冲来。

And this is when I see the highway patrol man.

这时我看到了高速公路巡逻员。

He pulls his gun and he fired in the air.

他拔出枪，向空中开了一枪。

He says, 'Okay you've had your fun, lets move back.' And that's what stopped it.

他说：“好吧，你已经玩得很开心了，我们回去吧。”这就是阻止它的原因。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : The people on the Trailways bus going into Birmingham don't know that the Greyhound bus has been burned in Anniston, outside Anniston, and the Riders are sitting on the side of the road, you know, covered in blood.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：前往伯明翰的Trailways巴士上的人不知道灰狗巴士在安尼斯顿郊外的安尼斯顿被烧毁，乘客们坐在路边，你知道，浑身是血。

Now, they're going into a city which is the worst city for race in the whole United States.

现在，他们要进入的城市是全美国种族最差的城市。

It literally is a police state ruled by one of the worst figures in American history, Bull Connor, who must've been some kind of psychopath, just rabid on the issue of race.

从字面上看，它是一个警察国家，由美国历史上最糟糕的人物之一布尔·康纳统治，他一定是某种精神病患者，对种族问题非常狂热。

Bull Connor (Archival) : You can never whip these birds if you don't keep you and them separate.

Bull Connor（档案）：如果你不把你和它们分开，你永远无法鞭打这些鸟。

I found that out in Birmingham.

我在伯明翰发现了这一点。

You've got to keep the whites and the blacks separate.

你必须把白人和黑人分开。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Bull Connor was a real bigot.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：布尔·康纳是个真正的偏执狂。

And he was willing and able to do anything, really, to make sure that the Southern way of life -- of segregation and Jim Crow -- remained intact.

他愿意并且能够做任何事，真的，以确保南方的生活方式——种族隔离和吉姆·克劳——保持完好无损。

He thought that the whole social order, that civilization depended on it.

他认为整个社会秩序、文明都依赖于此。

Howard K.

霍华德·K.

Smith, CBS Evening News (Archival) : Last night a man phoned me, said he was close to the leaders of the Ku Klux Klan, he said he wanted to give me a tip.

史密斯，哥伦比亚广播公司晚间新闻（档案）：昨晚，一个人打电话给我，说他与三K党的领导人关系密切，他说他想给我一个小费。

'Be sure to be at the bus terminal on Sunday,' he said, 'because you're going to see action.' John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : Unbeknownst to any of us, the Birmingham Police Department, headed up by Bull Connor, had made an agreement with the head of the Klan to give them time to beat up the Freedom Riders at the Trailways bus station.

“周日一定要到巴士总站，”他说，“因为你会看到比赛。”约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我们谁都不知道，布尔·康纳领导的伯明翰警察局已与三K党头目达成协议，给他们时间在 Trailways 公交车站殴打自由乘车者。

Gary Thomas Rowe, FBI Informant (Archival) : My instructions were from the Birmingham Police Department that the Klan organization had 15 minutes, quote 'to burn, bomb, kill, maim, I don't give a goddamn.' He said, 'I will guarantee your people that not one soul will ever be arrested in that 15 minutes.' Diane McWhorter, Writer : The FBI, even though they knew that there was gonna be violence and there was gonna be no police protection, they did nothing to protect the Riders.

加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe），联邦调查局线人（档案）：伯明翰警察局给我的指示是，三K党组织有 15 分钟的时间，引用“烧毁、轰炸、杀戮、残害，我根本不在乎”。他说：“我向你们的人民保证，在那 15 分钟内不会有任何人被捕。”黛安·麦克沃特（Diane McWhorter），作家：联邦调查局，尽管他们知道将会发生暴力并且不会有警察保护，但他们没有采取任何措施来保护骑手。

Gary Thomas Rowe, FBI Informant (Archival) : The Klan put out a fiery cross summonses which means people from all over the different states were to come.

加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe），联邦调查局线人（档案）：三K党发出了激烈的十字传票，这意味着来自不同州的人们都会来。

Not hundred, thousands of people would be down there in order to wait on them buses and beat and probably kill those people.

不成百上千的人会在那里等公共汽车并殴打甚至可能杀死那些人。

Diane McWhorter, Writer : What ended up being worse was that their very own informant, Gary Thomas Rowe, was at the center of the violence.

黛安·麦克沃特（Diane McWhorter），编剧：最终更糟糕的是，他们自己的线人加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe）成为了暴力事件的中心人物。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : In theory, the Director of the FBI, J.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，RFK 传记作者：理论上，联邦调查局 (FBI) 局长 J.

Edgar Hoover, reports to the Attorney General.

埃德加·胡佛，向司法部长汇报。

But in fact, Hoover was more powerful than any Attorney General.

但事实上，胡佛比任何一位司法部长都更有权力。

Hoover made no effort to stop the mob, and he never told Kennedy about it.

胡佛没有做出任何努力来阻止暴徒，他也从未告诉肯尼迪这件事。

He never told his boss, the Attorney General, that he was watching the mob be formed and that the FBI was gonna do nothing to stop it.

他从未告诉他的老板、司法部长，他正在看着暴徒的形成，而联邦调查局不会采取任何行动来阻止它。

Ted Gaffney, Photographer, Jet Magazine : When the bus pulled up, there was a mob.

Ted Gaffney，Jet Magazine 摄影师：当公共汽车停下来时，有一群暴徒。

Looked like a thousand people.

看起来有一千人。

They had these iron pipes.

他们有这些铁管。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider : James Peck and I, we were scheduled to test the facilities.

查尔斯·珀森（自由骑士）：詹姆斯·佩克和我，我们计划测试这些设施。

So he looked at me, and I looked at him and we proceeded to go into the terminal.

他看着我，我也看着他，然后我们就走进了航站楼。

Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider : I looked at the reporter.

杰里·艾弗·摩尔，自由骑士：我看着记者。

When our eyes met and he looked away...

当我们四目相对时，他却移开了视线……

it just...

它只是...

oh my guts...

哦，我的胆量……

my very guts shook.

我的胆子都颤抖了。

He must have thought we were doomed.

他一定认为我们注定要失败。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider (Archival) : As we entered, we were met by hoodlums who were standing around the walls.

查尔斯·珀森，自由骑士（档案）：当我们进入时，我们遇到了站在墙边的流氓。

Gary Thomas Rowe, FBI Informant (Archival) : The very first thing that I saw was a white man and he was hollering, 'No people don't do it!

加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe），联邦调查局线人（档案）：我首先看到的是一个白人，他大喊：“没有人不这样做！”

They are my brothers they're your brothers, before I let you kill them you'll have to kill me first.' The Klansmen made a statement, 'well, fink it, that ain't no problem.' At that time all hell broke loose.

他们是我的兄弟，也是你的兄弟，在我让你杀他们之前，你必须先杀了我。三K党成员发表声明说：“好吧，好吧，那没问题。”那时一切都乱了。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider (Archival) : I was thrown forward.

查尔斯·珀森（Charles Person），自由骑士（档案）：我被抛到了前面。

I was hit on the back of the head with something.

我的后脑勺被什么东西击中了。

Gary Thomas Rowe, FBI Informant (Archival) : It was a mass brawl.

加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe），联邦调查局线人（档案）：这是一场大规模斗殴。

Sticks, bats, clubs, guns just swinging away, just swinging away.

棍棒、球棒、棍棒、枪就这样挥舞着，就这样挥舞着。

Charles Person, Freedom Rider : James went down almost immediately.

查尔斯·珀森（Charles Person），自由骑士：詹姆斯几乎立刻就倒下了。

The blood started running.

血液开始流动。

Gary Thomas Rowe, FBI Informant (Archival) : A black woman run up to a city detective and hollered, 'they are killing my husband, for God's sakes help me!' He slapped her down and knocked the hell out of her.

加里·托马斯·罗（Gary Thomas Rowe），联邦调查局线人（档案）：一名黑人妇女跑向一名城市侦探并大喊，“他们正在杀死我的丈夫，看在上帝的份上帮助我！”他一巴掌打倒了她，把她打晕了。

Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider : Then this flashbulb went off, and I believe that flashbulb had saved my life, cause they turned on the reporter.

杰里·艾弗·摩尔，自由骑士：然后这个闪光灯就灭了，我相信闪光灯救了我的命，因为他们把矛头指向了记者。

Howard K.

霍华德·K.

Smith, CBS Evening News (Archival) : They knocked one man, a white man, down at my feet and they beat him and kicked him until his face was a bloody red pulp.

史密斯，哥伦比亚广播公司晚间新闻（档案）：他们把一名白人男子撞倒在我脚边，然后殴打他，踢他，直到他的脸变成血红色的浆。

The police did not arrive at this scene until 10 minutes late when these men had, as if on signal, dispersed and had gone further down the street, where I saw some of them discussing their achievement of the day right under the windows of the Police Commissioner's office.

警察直到晚了十分钟才到达现场，当时这些人就像接到信号一样散开，沿着街道走得更远，我看到他们中的一些人就在警察局长办公室的窗户下讨论他们今天的成就。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Those pictures were about as dramatic as anything I think anyone had ever seen coming out of the civil rights struggle.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺（Raymond Arsenault）：我认为这些照片与我认为任何人在民权斗争中见过的任何照片一样具有戏剧性。

The notion that just for the attempt to sit on the front of a bus, that you could risk your life, that people could try to burn you to death was incredible.

仅仅为了尝试坐在公共汽车的前排，你就可能冒着生命危险，人们可能会试图烧死你，这种想法是令人难以置信的。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : For the Kennedy brothers, domestic affairs were an afterthought for them and the Civil Rights Movement was an afterthought beyond an afterthought.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：对于肯尼迪兄弟来说，国内事务对他们来说是事后才想到的，民权运动也是事后才想到的。

Now all of a sudden, chaos is broken loose.

现在突然间，混乱被打破了。

Attention is riveted.

注意力被牢牢吸引。

People are talking about this.

人们正在谈论这个。

The whole world is watching.

全世界都在关注。

Reporter, Radio Havana, Cuba (Archival) : The recent incidents in Alabama speak eloquently of the problems that the devout and pious Mr. Kennedy has to resolve in his own country, before engaging his country in adventures against peoples where there is no problem of racial segregation.

古巴哈瓦那广播电台记者（档案）：阿拉巴马州最近发生的事件雄辩地说明了虔诚的肯尼迪先生在让他的国家参与针对不存在种族隔离问题的人民的冒险之前必须在他自己的国家解决的问题。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : Both RFK and JFK wanted it just to go away.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），罗伯特·肯尼迪传记作者：罗伯特·肯尼迪和肯尼迪都希望它消失。

JFK was vocal about it.

肯尼迪对此直言不讳。

'Get 'em off those buses!

“让他们离开那些公共汽车！”

Stop it!' Cause he was getting ready for his summit meeting with Khrushchev in Vienna, and he just didn't want the distraction.

停下来！因为他正在为在维也纳与赫鲁晓夫的峰会做准备，他只是不想分心。

Harris Wofford, Assistant to President Kennedy : To have the leading story about the United States be the kind of violence that took place against the Freedom Riders was a matter of embarrassment anywhere.

肯尼迪总统助理哈里斯·沃福德：将针对自由乘车者的暴力事件作为有关美国的头条新闻，这在任何地方都是令人尴尬的事情。

And he was going to Europe.

他要去欧洲。

Our friends and allies were appalled that this was going on in the United States of America.

我们的朋友和盟友对美利坚合众国发生的事情感到震惊。

Rev.

牧师。

Benjamin Cox, Freedom Rider (Archival) : If men like Governor Patterson and Governor Burnett of Mississippi and also Governor Davis of Louisiana would carry out the good oath of their office then a citizen would be able to travel in this country.

本杰明·考克斯，自由骑士（档案）：如果像密西西比州州长帕特森和伯内特州长以及路易斯安那州州长戴维斯这样的人能够履行其就职誓言，那么公民将能够在这个国家旅行。

And people in Tel Aviv and Moscow and London would not pick up their newspapers for breakfast and realize that America is not living up to the dream of liberty and justice for all.

特拉维夫、莫斯科和伦敦的人们不会拿起报纸当早餐，也不会意识到美国没有实现所有人的自由和正义的梦想。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : We can't act as nursemaids to agitators.

约翰·帕特森 (John Patterson)，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年（档案）：我们不能充当煽动者的保姆。

I think when they learn that when they go somewhere to create a riot, that there's not gonna be somebody there to stand between them and the other crowd, they'll stay home.

我认为，当他们得知当他们去某个地方制造骚乱时，不会有人站在他们和其他人群之间，他们就会呆在家里。

And you just can't guarantee the safety of a fool, and that's what these folks are.

你根本无法保证傻瓜的安全，而这些人就是这样。

Just fools.

只是傻瓜。

Slate : May 15th, Birmingham, Alabama, Day 12 Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : After we got out of the hospital we met the next day.

日程：5 月 15 日，阿拉巴马州伯明翰，第 12 天 Genevieve Houghton，自由骑士：出院后，我们第二天见面。

I saw Jim Peck for the first time.

我第一次见到吉姆·佩克。

I felt like crying, but didn't.

我很想哭，但没有。

And he proposed that we should continue with our Freedom Ride.

他建议我们应该继续我们的自由之旅。

After that, there was no longer any debate; if he could be beaten as he was and still say we should go on, we certainly felt we could go on.

此后，不再有任何争论；如果他能像现在这样被打败，但仍然说我们应该继续下去，我们当然觉得我们可以继续下去。

Reporter (Archival) : Why are you planning to keep up this ride?

记者（档案）：您为什么打算继续这样骑行？

James Peck (Archival) : We're planning to keep it up because we feel that we must not surrender to violence.

詹姆斯·佩克（档案）：我们计划继续下去，因为我们觉得我们不能屈服于暴力。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : We gathered at the bus station there in Birmingham.

摩西·纽森，记者，非裔美国人：我们在伯明翰的公交车站集合。

There were mob people around there too.

周围也有暴民。

We had to make our way through them to get into the bus station.

我们必须穿过它们才能进入公交车站。

Jerry Ivor Moore, Freedom Rider : The police are there because a crowd is starting to gather.

自由骑士杰里·艾弗·摩尔：警察来了，因为人群开始聚集。

It was getting tense.

气氛变得紧张起来。

It was getting tense.

气氛变得紧张起来。

I mean anything was possible right then, right there, anything was possible.

我的意思是，就在那时，一切皆有可能。

Ted Gaffney, Photographer, Jet Magazine : The bus driver said, "There're a thousand waiting on you outside of town.

特德·加夫尼 (Ted Gaffney)，Jet 杂志摄影师：巴士司机说：“城外有一千人在等你。

You all are Freedom Riders.

你们都是自由骑士。

I am not.

我不是。

I have a family.

我有一个家庭。

So, I'm not driving this bus." Charles Person, Freedom Rider : We were close to getting to Mississippi and for the rally in New Orleans.

所以，我不会开这辆公共汽车。”查尔斯·珀森（自由骑士）：我们即将前往密西西比州并参加新奥尔良的集会。

And as beaten, as weary as we were, we wanted to continue.

尽管我们被打败了，疲惫不堪，但我们仍想继续下去。

But I think we were pretty much traumatized.

但我认为我们受到了很大的创伤。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : I had very mixed feelings.

吉纳维芙·霍顿，自由骑士：我的心情非常复杂。

I'd learned to be afraid overnight.

一夜之间我学会了害怕。

I was no longer this fearless rider.

我不再是那个无所畏惧的骑手了。

I was no longer so interested in dying for the cause.

我不再对为事业而死感兴趣。

I appreciated being alive.

我很感激还活着。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : They had a vote.

摩西·纽森，记者，非裔美国人：他们有投票权。

They were discussing things.

他们正在讨论事情。

Some wanted to continue.

有些人想继续。

The problem was, they couldn't continue on the buses because we didn't have any drivers.

问题是，他们无法继续乘坐公共汽车，因为我们没有司机。

They finally made the decision that they had come to -- that they had gone about as far as they could.

他们最终做出了他们所做出的决定——他们已尽其所能。

It was over.

一切都结束了。

We got out to the airport.

我们出了机场。

You wouldn't believe it, but those mob people were still there.

你不会相信，但那些暴民仍然在那里。

Genevieve Houghton, Freedom Rider : There was basically the same crowd we had seen the day before.

吉纳维芙·霍顿（Genevieve Houghton），自由骑士：人群与我们前一天看到的基本相同。

And when it reached a critical point, we were gonna get beaten to smithereens.

当事情达到关键点时，我们就会被打得粉身碎骨。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American : Along the edges of the building that we had to walk past to try to get to the plane, they were still out there and they were still fired up and they were still trying to whack us and they were still calling us names.

摩西·纽森（Moses Newson），记者，非裔美国人：沿着我们必须步行才能到达飞机的建筑物的边缘，他们仍然在那里，他们仍然充满激情，他们仍然试图殴打我们，他们仍然辱骂我们。

Eventually we got to the plane and settled in and everybody got a little relaxed.

最终我们到达了飞机并安顿下来，每个人都放松了一些。

Then we get this call saying there was a bomb scare.

然后我们接到电话说发生了炸弹恐慌。

We had to walk back through these people again.

我们不得不再次从这些人中间走回去。

You had this nightmarish feeling that they would never go away.

你有一种噩梦般的感觉，他们永远不会消失。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : The Attorney General and the President talked together and I talked then with them.

约翰·西根塔勒（John Seigenthaler），肯尼迪总统助理：司法部长和总统一起谈话，然后我也和他们谈话。

And our strategy was simply: go to Alabama, go to Birmingham, get those Freedom Riders to New Orleans.

我们的策略很简单：去阿拉巴马州，去伯明翰，把那些自由乘车者带到新奥尔良。

It's a long flight, but by the time I get there, they're still trapped in that airport.

这是一次长途飞行，但当我到达那里时，他们仍然被困在那个机场。

They were in limbo.

他们陷入了困境。

They were in a frightened state of limbo.

他们处于一种惊恐不安的状态。

I think the people who were not glad to see somebody from the Federal government were the airlines.

我认为不高兴看到联邦政府人员的人是航空公司。

I got with the manager and they got on the telephone, and if you represent the President of the United States and you're talking to the officials of a regulated airline, we were outta there on the first flight.

我和经理取得了联系，他们通了电话，如果你代表美国总统并且正在与一家受监管航空公司的官员交谈，那么我们就乘坐第一趟航班离开那里。

Ted Gaffney, Photographer, Jet Magazine : I'd never flown before, but it felt good when that plane got off that runway.

Ted Gaffney，Jet Magazine 摄影师：我以前从未飞过，但当飞机冲出跑道时感觉很好。

I'd rather take a chance on getting killed in a plane crash than to get beat to death by hoodlums with iron pipes.

我宁愿碰碰运气，死于飞机失事，也不愿被流氓用铁管打死。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : When we arrived in New Orleans, the State Police formed a corridor from the steps of the bottom of the plane to the terminal, and I will say, they were cursed and condemned with racial slurs from the bottom of that ladder 'til we walked into that terminal.

罗伯特·肯尼迪助理约翰·西根塔勒：当我们抵达新奥尔良时，州警察在飞机底部的台阶到航站楼之间形成了一条走廊，我想说的是，他们从梯子底部开始受到种族歧视的咒骂和谴责，直到我们走进航站楼。

You wouldn't believe it from state police officers, just spewing filth and venom and hatred.

你不会相信州警察会说出这样的话，他们只是在喷吐污秽、恶毒和仇恨。

Moses Newson, Journalist, Afro-American (reading) : "The courageous Freedom Riders won't ever be the same.

摩西·纽森 (Moses Newson)，非裔美国人记者（正在阅读）：“勇敢的自由骑士将永远不再一样。

They left Washington, D.C. in good spirits with high hopes in their country and fellow men.

他们带着良好的心情离开华盛顿特区，对自己的国家和同胞寄予厚望。

But the beatings, the tensions, the shocks, the depth of the hating, the open lawlessness took its toll.

但殴打、紧张、震惊、仇恨的深度和公开的违法行为造成了损失。

It will be a miracle if all their physical and psychological wounds ever heal.

如果他们身体和心理上的创伤都能痊愈，那将是一个奇迹。

The Deep South was that tough." John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : I went to a motel to spend the night.

南方腹地就是这么艰难。” John Seigenthaler，RFK 助理：我去了一家汽车旅馆过夜。

And you know, I thought, 'What a great hero I am, you know?

你知道，我想，‘我是多么伟大的英雄，你知道吗？

How easy this was, you know?

这有多容易，你知道吗？

I just took care of everything the President and the Attorney General wanted done.

我只是处理总统和司法部长想要做的一切。

Mission Accomplished.' My phone in the hotel room rings and it's the Attorney General.

任务完成。”我酒店房间的电话响了，是司法部长打来的。

He has received word from the FBI in Nashville that another wave of Freedom Riders is coming down to Birmingham from Nashville to continue the Freedom Rides.

他从纳什维尔联邦调查局收到消息称，另一波自由乘车者将从纳什维尔来到伯明翰继续自由乘车活动。

And he opened the conversation, 'Who the hell is Diane Nash?' Slate : May 16th, Nashville, Tennessee, Day 13 Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University : It was clear to me that if we allowed the Freedom Ride to stop at that point, just after so much violence had been inflicted, the message would have been sent that all you have to do to stop a nonviolent campaign is inflict massive violence.

他开始了谈话，“黛安·纳什到底是谁？”日程：5 月 16 日，田纳西州纳什维尔，第 13 天 黛安·纳什 (Diane Nash)，菲斯克大学学生：我很清楚，如果我们在发生了如此多的暴力事件之后让自由乘车在此时停止，那么就会传达出这样的信息：要阻止非暴力运动，你所要做的就是施加大规模暴力。

It was critical that the Freedom Ride not stop, and that it be continued immediately.

至关重要的是，自由乘车不能停止，并且必须立即继续。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : Students from the Movement in Nashville had been through violence.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：纳什维尔运动的学生遭受了暴力。

We had been arrested, we'd all had our lives threatened.

我们被捕了，我们的生命都受到了威胁。

We were ones that had not broken.

我们是那些没有破碎的人。

And we were the logical ones to continue the ride.

我们是继续旅程的合乎逻辑的人。

Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University : We had had a successful movement the year before, and had desegregated lunch counters.

黛安·纳什（Diane Nash），菲斯克大学学生：我们前一年进行了一次成功的运动，取消了午餐柜台的种族隔离。

We had been watching the progress of the Freedom Ride.

我们一直在关注自由乘车的进展。

We were fresh troops.

我们是生力军。

Frederick Leonard, Student, Tennessee State University : CORE, I think, they didn't understand.

Frederick Leonard，田纳西州立大学学生：核心，我认为，他们不明白。

We dealt with violence every day in the South.

我们在南方每天都在应对暴力。

They didn't treat us like we were human, they treated us like vicious animals, like they were always on guard, thinking we were gonna do something to them, while they were doing it to us.

他们没有像对待人类一样对待我们，而是像对待凶恶的动物一样对待我们，就像他们总是保持警惕，以为我们会对他们做什么，而他们却在对我们做事。

And CORE, I think, they felt, 'We'll go down there, and you know, they'll let us ride the front of the bus and go into the white station, the white waiting room, and everything will be all right.

我想，核心，他们觉得，‘我们会去那里，你知道，他们会让我们乘坐公共汽车的前面，进入白色的车站，白色的候车室，一切都会好起来的。

And we'll just all the way to New Orleans doing this and then come back to New York and-- see we did it!' It wasn't like that.

我们将一路去新奥尔良这样做，然后回到纽约——看看我们做到了！事情不是那样的。

You're saying that you're gonna start a movement, you're gonna do something to change this, and then you quit.

你说你要发起一场运动，你要做一些事情来改变这一点，然后你就退出了。

Your parents tell you, 'Don't start something that you can't finish.

你的父母告诉你，‘不要开始你无法完成的事情。

Finish it.' Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University (Archival) : The groups will be dispatched...

完成它。黛安·纳什，菲斯克大学学生（档案）：这些小组将被派遣......

Rev.

牧师。

C.T.

CT

Vivian, Freedom Rider : The meeting was called and Diane led it.

薇薇安，自由骑士：会议召开，黛安主持。

And I remember Diane saying something was very important.

我记得黛安说过一些非常重要的事情。

She took a break and said, 'Go out and let's think about it for about 10 minutes and come back, and we'll make the decision.' Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : It was not an easy decision because what it meant was dropping out of school in the midst of our final exams.

她休息了一下，说道：“出去，我们考虑一下大约 10 分钟，然后回来，我们就会做出决定。”小伯纳德·拉斐特（Bernard Lafayette, Jr.），《自由骑士》：这不是一个容易的决定，因为这意味着我们在期末考试期间退学。

And for some of us, we were the first generation to go to college.

对于我们中的一些人来说，我们是第一代上大学的人。

Our parents had really made sacrifices.

我们的父母确实做出了牺牲。

And we were making a decision to drop out.

我们正在做出退出的决定。

Rev.

牧师。

C.T.

CT

Vivian, Freedom Rider : Time was up, everybody came back in.

薇薇安，自由骑士：时间到了，大家都回来了。

The decision was made to leave that night.

当晚就做出了离开的决定。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : My parents had provided me a wonderful childhood and a tremendous amount of love and support in everything that I had done.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：我的父母为我提供了美好的童年，并为我所做的一切提供了巨大的爱和支持。

But as a white person, I was the primary focus of most of the violence that took place, because I was a disgrace to the white race.

但作为一名白人，我是大多数暴力事件的主要焦点，因为我是白人的耻辱。

I was the traitor.

我是叛徒。

So I knew, if anybody was probably going to get pretty well beaten or killed, it would be me.

所以我知道，如果有人可能会被殴打或杀死，那就是我。

And I wanted to tell my folks how much I loved them and how much I appreciated what they'd done.

我想告诉我的家人我有多么爱他们，我有多么感激他们所做的一切。

Singing : Oh freedom....

歌唱：哦自由……

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University (reading) : Tuesday, May 16, 1961.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生（读）：1961 年 5 月 16 日，星期二。

We held two meetings today.

今天我们举行了两次会议。

The first was at six this morning.

第一次是今天早上六点。

The second from seven to one tonight.

今晚七比一的第二场。

After much discussion, we decided to continue the Freedom Ride.

经过多次讨论，我们决定继续自由之旅。

Of the 18 who volunteered, 10 were chosen.

在 18 名志愿者中，有 10 名被选中。

Three females and seven males.

三女七男。

We will leave on the Greyhound bus tomorrow morning at either 5:15 or 6:45.

我们将于明天早上 5:15 或 6:45 乘坐灰狗巴士出发。

We were all again made aware of what we can expect to face: jail, extreme violence, or death.

我们再次意识到我们可能会面临什么：监狱、极端暴力或死亡。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : We thought we would divide the group in half.

小伯纳德·拉斐特 (Bernard Lafayette, Jr.)，自由骑士：我们认为应该将小组分成两半。

If that group had been arrested, beaten, unable to continue, or even killed, we had a second group that was ready to go.

如果那群人被逮捕、殴打、无法继续，甚至被杀，我们还有第二群人准备出发。

And they knew that no matter what happened -- okay -- I would bring a second group.

他们知道，无论发生什么——好吧——我都会带第二组。

Diane Nash, Student, Fisk University : The people who were going on the Freedom Ride from Nashville elected me to be the coordinator.

黛安·纳什 (Diane Nash)，菲斯克大学学生：从纳什维尔出发参加自由之旅的人们选举我为协调员。

That was a really heavy responsibility because the lives and safety of people whom I loved and cared about deeply, and who were some of my closest friends, depended on my doing a good job at that.

这是一项非常重大的责任，因为我深爱和关心的人以及我最亲密的朋友的生命和安全取决于我在这方面的出色表现。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : My phone in the hotel room rings and it's the Attorney General.

约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，肯尼迪总统助理：我在酒店房间的电话响了，是司法部长打来的。

And he opens the conversation, 'Who the hell is Diane Nash?

他开始谈话，‘黛安·纳什到底是谁？

Call her and let her know what is waiting for the Freedom Riders.' So I called her.

给她打电话，让她知道自由乘车者正在等待什么。”所以我打电话给她。

I said, 'I understand that there are more Freedom Riders coming down from Nashville.

我说，‘我知道有更多的自由骑士从纳什维尔过来。

You must stop them if you can.' Her response was, 'They're not gonna turn back.

如果可以的话，你必须阻止他们。她的回答是，‘他们不会回头。

They're on their way to Birmingham and they'll be there, shortly.' You know that spiritual -- 'Like a tree standing by the water, I will not be moved'?

他们正在前往伯明翰的路上，很快就会到达那里。”你知道那句灵性的话吗——“就像一棵树立在水边，我不会动摇”？

She would not be moved.

她不会为之动容。

And, and I felt my voice go up another decibel and another and soon I was shouting, 'Young woman, do you understand what you're doing?

而且，我感觉我的声音又提高了一个分贝，很快我就喊道：‘年轻女人，你明白你在做什么吗？

You're gonna get somebody...

你会找人...

Do you understand you're gonna get somebody killed?' And, there's a pause, and she said, 'Sir, you should know, we all signed our last wills and testaments last night before they left.

你知道你会害死一个人吗？然后，停顿了一下，她说，‘先生，你应该知道，昨晚他们离开之前，我们都签署了最后的遗嘱和遗嘱。

We know someone will be killed.

我们知道有人会被杀。

But we cannot let violence overcome non-violence.' That's virtually a direct quote of the words that came out of that child's mouth.

但我们不能让暴力战胜非暴力。”这实际上是直接引用那个孩子嘴里的话。

Here I am, an official of the United States government, representing the President and the Attorney General, talking to a student at Fisk University.

我是一名美国政府官员，代表总统和司法部长，正在与菲斯克大学的一名学生交谈。

And she in a very quiet but strong way gave me a lecture.

她以一种非常安静但有力的方式给我讲课。

Singing : We shall not be moved....

歌唱：我们不会被感动......

Slate : Title: May 17th, Birmingham, AL, Day 14 Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : One young man -- white fella -- sitting kind of over there, leaned over and said, 'Where are you guys going?' And I said, 'To New Orleans.' And he kinda had a smirk on his face and said, 'You'll never make it.' John Lewis, Freedom Rider : When we arrived at the city limit of Birmingham, Bull Connor let the regular passenger get off the bus.

板岩：标题：5 月 17 日，阿拉巴马州伯明翰，第 14 天 Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：一名年轻人——白人小伙子——坐在那边，倾身说道，“你们要去哪里？”我说：“去新奥尔良。”他脸上带着一丝坏笑，说道：“你永远不会成功。”约翰·刘易斯，自由骑士：当我们到达伯明翰市区时，布尔·康纳让普通乘客下车。

He kept us on the bus.

他让我们留在公共汽车上。

Then he ordered the local police officials to place newspaper, cardboards, to cover all of the windows.

然后他命令当地警察用报纸、纸板遮住所有窗户。

They wanted to make it difficult for the media to get word out.

他们想让媒体难以传播消息。

William Harbour, Freedom Rider : We sat on that bus for two hours or more.

威廉·哈伯，自由骑士：我们在那辆公共汽车上坐了两个小时或更长时间。

It was getting hot.

天越来越热了。

There was no air condition, in the summertime.

夏天的时候，没有空调。

When they let us out, we immediately went in the white only side of the bus station.

当他们让我们出去时，我们立即走进公交车站唯一的白色一侧。

Bull Connor came in and arrested us, and put us in jail, he said, for our own protection.

布尔·康纳进来逮捕了我们，并把我们关进监狱，他说，是为了保护我们自己。

Radio News Report (Archival) : Birmingham's Police Chief has taken a group of negroes into custody.

广播新闻报道（档案）：伯明翰警察局长拘留了一群黑人。

Thus ended a potentially explosive situation, which had been growing increasingly more tense since about noon today.

一场潜在的爆炸性局势就此结束，自今天中午左右以来，局势变得越来越紧张。

The college students came down from Nashville with the avowed purposed of testing Birmingham's segregation laws.

这些大学生从纳什维尔过来，公开宣称要测试伯明翰的种族隔离法。

They wanted to continue the Freedom Ride aborted by a group of CORE members here after mob violence earlier this week.

他们希望继续自由之旅，而自由之旅在本周早些时候的暴民暴力事件后被一群核心成员中止。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : The Attorney General says, 'You better get up there as quickly as you can.' And of course by the time I get there, they're all incarcerated.

约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，肯尼迪总统助理：司法部长说，“你最好尽快赶到那里。”当然，当我到达那里时，他们都被监禁了。

Now the Attorney General is trying to reach the governor, I'm trying to reach the governor.

现在总检察长正在努力联系州长，我也在努力联系州长。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : The governor has nothing to do with the daily operations of the police department of the city of Birmingham.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：州长与伯明翰市警察局的日常运作无关。

Bull Connor never supported me for governor.

布尔·康纳从未支持我竞选州长。

I never liked the man.

我从来不喜欢这个男人。

In fact, I was a little bit afraid of him.

事实上，我有点怕他。

He was so unpredictable.

他是如此难以预测。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The situation is really dangerous.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：情况确实很危险。

Bobby Kennedy convinces his brother that maybe you need to talk to Patterson yourself.

鲍比·肯尼迪说服他的兄弟，也许你需要亲自和帕特森谈谈。

Maybe we have to assert Presidential authority.

也许我们必须维护总统的权威。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : I had figured that I might get that call from the President.

约翰·帕特森 (John Patterson)，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我本以为我可能会接到总统的电话。

I told the operator to tell the President that I was not there.

我让接线员告诉总统我不在场。

And they pressed, from the White House Office, and they said, 'Well, he can't be reached.' They said, 'Well where is he?

他们从白宫办公室施压，他们说：“好吧，联系不上他。”他们说，‘那么他在哪里？

Get him on the phone.' 'He can't be reached; he's out in the Gulf fishing.' I lied.

让他接电话。 “联系不上他；他正在海湾钓鱼。”我撒谎了。

I just lied.

我只是撒谎了。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : I think the Kennedy brothers were shocked that despite the assertion of Presidential authority, that their former political ally wouldn't even talk to them on the phone.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：我认为肯尼迪兄弟感到震惊的是，尽管有总统的权威，但他们的前政治盟友甚至不与他们通电话。

I think that really gave them a sense of how dangerous things were in Birmingham; that anything could happen in Bull Connor's city when the governor won't even talk to the President of the United States.

我认为这确实让他们意识到伯明翰的事情有多么危险；当州长甚至不与美国总统交谈时，布尔康纳的城市任何事情都可能发生。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : I guess maybe around 10:00 one of the guards came in and told us to get our clothes on, that we were leaving.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯（Catherine Burks-Brooks），自由骑士：我想大概在 10:00 左右，一名警卫进来并告诉我们穿上衣服，我们要离开。

We walked out of the cell.

我们走出牢房。

Saw Bull Connor.

看到了布尔康纳。

William Harbour, Freedom Rider : We got on the outside, they had two police cruisers and a limousine, loaded us up, and start driving, 1:00 in the morning.

William Harbour，自由骑士：我们到了外面，他们有两辆警车和一辆豪华轿车，把我们装上车，凌晨 1:00 开始开车。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : The FBI called me at the motel and woke me up and said, 'The Freedom Riders have all been taken out of jail.' I said, 'Kidnapped?' And I thought, 'My God, they're gonna kill 'em.' I didn't think Bull Connor was above that.

约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，罗伯特·肯尼迪 (RFK) 助理：联邦调查局 (FBI) 在汽车旅馆打电话给我，叫醒我说：“自由乘车者都已被带出监狱。”我说：“被绑架了？”我想，‘天哪，他们会杀了他们的。’我不认为布尔·康纳高于此。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : We got to the state line -- the Tennessee -- the state line of Alabama.

约翰·刘易斯，自由骑士：我们到达了州界线——田纳西州——阿拉巴马州的州界线。

He said, 'I'm letting you off here.' We didn't know what was gonna happen.

他说：“我让你在这儿下车。”我们不知道会发生什么。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : They throw the luggage out and he says that, 'You all can go over there, there's a train station, and get a train back to Nashville.' Of course, I couldn't let Bull have the last word.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：他们把行李扔出去，他说，“你们都可以去那里，那里有一个火车站，然后坐火车返回纳什维尔。”当然，我不能让布尔说了算。

During that time we watched a lot of cowboy movies.

那段时间我们看了很多牛仔电影。

So I told him we would see him back in Birmingham by high noon.

所以我告诉他我们会在正午时分回到伯明翰见到他。

William Harbour, Freedom Rider : We didn't know if the Ku Klux Klan was following us.

威廉·哈伯，自由骑士：我们不知道三K党是否在跟踪我们。

We didn't know where we was located.

我们不知道我们在哪里。

We saw no telephone to make any calls.

我们没有看到可以打电话的电话。

We had to find a place to hide.

我们必须找个地方躲起来。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : We came upon a old house that was fallen, knocked on the door, said, 'We are the Freedom Riders.

约翰·刘易斯，自由乘车者：我们来到一座倒塌的老房子前，敲了敲门，说道：“我们是自由乘车者。”

Please let us in.' William Harbour, Freedom Rider : Older gentlemen came to the door.

请让我们进去。威廉·哈伯，自由骑士：年长的绅士们来到了门口。

He said, 'Mm-nh, mm-nh, ya'll can't come in here.' Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : My mother had always told me that you need some help, then you try to talk to the lady of the house.

他说，“嗯，嗯，嗯，你们不能进来。”凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：我母亲总是告诉我，你需要一些帮助，然后你尝试与房子的女主人交谈。

And I said, 'Let's talk loud and wake up his wife.' William Harbour, Freedom Rider : Few minutes later, we knocked on the door again, and his wife came to the door with him.

我说，‘我们大声说话，吵醒他的妻子吧。’自由骑士威廉·哈伯：几分钟后，我们再次敲门，他的妻子和他一起来到门口。

And she-- we told her we were the Freedom Riders, she said, 'Ya'll chil'en, come on in.' Singing : I'm on my way and I won't turn back....

她——我们告诉她我们是自由骑士，她说，“孩子们，进来吧。”歌唱：我正在路上，我不会回头......

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : We didn't get back by high noon, but we made our way back.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯（Catherine Burks-Brooks），自由骑士：我们没有在正午时回来，但我们还是走了回来。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The first group of Nashville riders make it back to Birmingham from the Tennessee border.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：第一批纳什维尔车手从田纳西州边境返回伯明翰。

There's a second wave of riders from Nashville already there.

来自纳什维尔的第二波乘客已经在那里。

They've got a terrible problem.

他们遇到了一个可怕的问题。

Jimmy Hoffa, the leader of the Teamsters Union, says, 'None of my drivers are going to get on any of those buses.' Greyhound Corporation can't find any drivers willing to get on the bus.

卡车司机工会领袖吉米·霍法说：“我的司机都不会乘坐这些公交车。”灰狗公司找不到任何愿意上车的司机。

So the riders are stuck there, and it's not clear how they're ever going to get out of Birmingham.

所以车手们被困在那里，不清楚他们如何离开伯明翰。

News Radio Reporter (Archiva) : A menacingly quiet mob grew into the several hundreds outside the terminal.

新闻广播记者（Archiva）：航站楼外聚集了数百名极其安静的暴民。

Dozens of police patrolled the area and police dogs helped keep the streets clear and the mob back from the terminal.

数十名警察在该地区巡逻，警犬帮助保持街道畅通，并帮助暴徒远离航站楼。

The Negroes went to board the bus finally and the driver stomped off saying he would not make the trip.

黑人终于上车了，司机跺脚下车说他不会去。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : We were sitting in the white designated waiting room.

小伯纳德·拉斐特 (Bernard Lafayette, Jr.)，自由骑士：我们坐在白色的指定等候室里。

This was my first encounter, face to face, with the Ku Klux Klan.

这是我第一次与三K党面对面。

They had on white sheets and their hoods were thrown back.

他们穿着白色床单，兜帽被掀到后面。

And they walked around in the bus station while we were there, and they stepped on our feet.

当我们在那里的时候，他们在公交车站走来走去，他们踩了我们的脚。

They threw cold water on our faces.

他们把冷水泼到我们脸上。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Bobby Kennedy was getting frustrated.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：鲍比·肯尼迪感到沮丧。

He gets word to John Patterson that if the state of Alabama won't protect the Freedom Riders, won't end this crisis, then the Federal government would have to do it.

他告诉约翰帕特森，如果阿拉巴马州不保护自由乘车者，不结束这场危机，那么联邦政府将不得不这样做。

They'd have to step in in some way.

他们必须以某种方式介入。

Patterson realizes that he's gotta do something.

帕特森意识到他必须做点什么。

He says, 'Can't you send somebody down to Montgomery to talk to my staff to figure this out?' And that opens the way for John Seigenthaler going down to Montgomery to talk with John Patterson.

他说，“你不能派人去蒙哥马利和我的员工谈谈来解决这个问题吗？”这为约翰·席根塔勒前往蒙哥马利与约翰·帕特森交谈开辟了道路。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : I said, 'Look Governor, it's just this simple: if you can't provide them protection and you say you can't, you don't leave us any option.

约翰·席根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，肯尼迪总统助理：我说，‘听着，州长，事情就这么简单：如果你不能为他们提供保护，而且你说你不能，那么你就不给我们任何选择。

We'll have to provide protection for them.

我们必须为他们提供保护。

And it will have to be the U.S. Marshals or troops.' He turned immediately to a man seated across the table and said, 'That's Floyd Mann, my Commissioner of Safety.

而且必须是美国法警或军队。他立即转向坐在桌子对面的一名男子说：“那是弗洛伊德·曼，我的安全专员。”

Floyd, tell this man these rabble rousers are asking for trouble and we can't protect them.' He said, 'Governor, I've been in law enforcement all my life.

弗洛伊德，告诉这个人，这些乌合之众煽动者是在自找麻烦，我们无法保护他们。”他说，‘州长，我一生都在执法。

If you tell me to protect them, I'll protect them.' It sucked the air out of the room.

如果你让我保护他们，我就会保护他们。”它把房间里的空气都吸走了。

Derek Catsam, Historian : Patterson's hands are tied.

历史学家德里克·卡萨姆：帕特森的双手被束缚了。

Because his chief law enforcement official has essentially said, 'I can protect the Freedom Riders' in front of the Kennedy administration's representative.

因为他的首席执法官员基本上在肯尼迪政府代表面前说过，“我可以保护自由乘车者”。

And so Paterson's in a position where he has to act.

因此帕特森必须采取行动。

Robert F.

罗伯特·F.

Kennedy (Archival) : Around 11:00, I talked to Mr. Seigenthaler, and the Governor at that time assured Mr. Seigenthaler that we have the means, the ability, and the will to protect these people.

肯尼迪（档案）：11:00左右，我和席根塔勒先生进行了交谈，当时的州长向席根塔勒先生保证，我们有手段、有能力、有意愿保护这些人。

We'll make sure that people traveling in interstate commerce and traveling across our highways are not molested.

我们将确保在州际商业中旅行和穿越我们的高速公路的人们不会受到骚扰。

And traveling through our cities are not harmed.

在我们的城市中旅行也不会受到伤害。

That's all I asked for.

这就是我所要求的。

He said that that's -- he gave us his flat word and assurance that that would happen.

他说那是——他向我们做出了明确的承诺并保证这将会发生。

Singing : Hallelujah I'm a traveling....

歌唱：哈利路亚我是一个旅行......

Slate : May 20, 1961, Montgomery, Alabama, Day 17 Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : When we saw all the protection that we had, you know, we got relaxed then.

记事板：1961 年 5 月 20 日，阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利，第 17 天 凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：当我们看到我们拥有的所有保护时，你知道，我们就放松了。

We sang a few freedom songs and as a matter of fact, I dozed off.

我们唱了几首自由歌曲，事实上，我打瞌睡了。

That's right.

这是正确的。

Felt safe.

感觉很安全。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : Floyd Mann had state troopers leading them and following them.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：弗洛伊德·曼让州警带领他们并跟随他们。

And we had a state trooper helicopter overhead, protecting them from overhead, and escorted them to the city limits of Montgomery, where we turned them over to the city authorities of Montgomery, who guaranteed to us that they would protect them and maintain order themselves at the bus station.

我们的头顶上有一架州警直升机，保护他们免受头顶的伤害，并护送他们到蒙哥马利市区，在那里我们将他们移交给蒙哥马利市当局，他们向我们保证他们会保护他们并自己维持公交车站的秩序。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : I was looking out the window.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：我当时看着窗外。

And I could see the policemens taking off in different direction.

我可以看到警察朝不同的方向出发。

And so would the helicopter.

直升机也是如此。

And we were thinking that some Montgomery policemans was going to come in then.

我们以为蒙哥马利的一些警察会进来。

But then we didn't see anyone.

但后来我们没有看到任何人。

William Harbour, Freedom Rider : We pulled into the bus station, there was a eerie feeling; we didn't see anybody.

William Harbour，自由骑士：我们把车开进公交车站，有一种怪异的感觉；我们没有看到任何人。

We saw a couple taxicabs.

我们看到了几辆出租车。

Herb Kaplow, NBC News (Archival) : Cameraman Maurice Levy, soundman Wee Risser and I jumped out of our car to photograph the debarking from the bus itself.

Herb Kaplow，NBC 新闻（档案）：摄影师 Maurice Levy、音响师 Wee Risser 和我跳下车来拍摄巴士下车的画面。

There was no large crowd around.

周围没有一大群人。

I asked some of the Riders what they intended to do.

我问了一些车手他们打算做什么。

They said they did not yet know.

他们说他们还不知道。

Then a heavyset man asked me whether I was one of the group, I said I was not.

然后一个身材魁梧的男人问我是否是这群人中的一员，我说不是。

I noticed then that he was holding in his right hand an open penknife.

然后我注意到他右手拿着一把打开的小刀。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : John was getting ready to go to the microphone and just as he was about to do this, this fella went at one of the fellas that was holding one of the parabolic mics.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：约翰正准备走向麦克风，正当他准备这样做时，这个家伙冲向了其中一个拿着抛物线麦克风的家伙。

And he grabbed it out his hands and he threw it to the ground, stomped on it, and turned and approached one of the photographers and grabbed his camera, and yanked on it and in doing so, the cameraman fell to the ground, he started kicking and beating him.

他用手抓住它，把它扔到地上，用脚踩它，然后转身走近其中一名摄影师，抓住他的相机，猛拉相机，这样做时，摄影师摔倒在地，他开始踢打他。

And that seemed to be the cue.

这似乎就是暗示。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : The mob came out and went straight to the reporters, and started beating them and kicking them and throwing their cameras down, smashing them on the ground.

小伯纳德·拉斐特（Bernard Lafayette, Jr.），《自由骑士》：暴徒出来，径直走向记者，开始殴打、踢他们，把他们的相机扔下来，砸在地上。

Reporter (Archival) : After we were forced away, that's when the attack on the Riders themselves started.

记者（档案）：在我们被迫离开之后，对骑士本身的攻击就开始了。

Frederick Leonard, Student, Tennessee State University : It just seemed like, just suddenly they were -- we were like, the bus was like surrounded.

弗雷德里克·伦纳德 (Frederick Leonard)，田纳西州立大学学生：似乎突然之间，我们感觉巴士被包围了。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : You could see baseball bats and pieces of pipe and hammers and chains.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：你可以看到棒球棒、管子、锤子和链条。

And one fella had a pitchfork.

其中一个家伙拿着一把干草叉。

Frederick Leonard, Tennessee State University : They were like on a feeding frenzy.

弗雷德里克·伦纳德（Frederick Leonard），田纳西州立大学：他们就像在疯狂进食。

Like, you know how like sharks are just-- they were just crazy.

就像，你知道鲨鱼是多么的疯狂。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : And what really sticks with me were the women.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：真正让我印象深刻的是女性。

They were screaming, 'Kill them niggers!' And they had babies in their arms.

他们尖叫着，“杀了他们黑鬼！”他们怀里还抱着孩子。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : You could see baggage being thrown into the air, you could hear screams.

John Seigenthaler，RFK 助理：你可以看到行李被抛向空中，你可以听到尖叫声。

My heart was in my throat.

我的心提到了嗓子眼。

I knew suddenly -- betrayal, disaster.

我突然知道——背叛，灾难。

I hope not death.

我希望不是死亡。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : Bobby is getting this in real time, as it's happening, from his own lieutenants.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，RFK 传记作者：鲍比正在从他自己的副手那里实时了解正在发生的情况。

Saying something to the effect, "It's terrible.

说了一些大意的话：“太可怕了。

It's terrible." He's watching it happen.

太可怕了。”他正在看着这一切发生。

"There are no police.

“没有警察。

They're just beating them." John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : This was war.

他们只是在打败他们。”约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，肯尼迪总统助理：这是战争。

On the Greyhound Bus terminal parking lot.

在灰狗巴士总站停车场。

This was absolute war.

这是绝对的战争。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : I asked God to be with me, to give me the strength I would need to remain nonviolent, and to forgive them.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：我请求上帝与我同在，赐予我保持非暴力所需的力量，并原谅他们。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : The last thing I recall standing with Jim Zwerg.

约翰·刘易斯，《自由骑士》：我记得与吉姆·茨沃格站在一起的最后一件事。

I was hit in the head with a wooden crate.

我的头部被木箱击中。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University : I heard a crack and fell forward.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生：我听到一声爆裂声，然后向前摔倒。

Rolled over on my back, and a foot came down on my face, and that was it.

我翻了个身，仰面躺着，一只脚踩在了我的脸上，仅此而已。

I was out.

我出去了。

Frederick Leonard, Tennessee State University : William Barbee was knocked down.

弗雷德里克·伦纳德，田纳西州立大学：威廉·巴比被击倒。

A big, 250-pound white guy had his foot on his neck while another one was trying to drive a steel rod through his ear.

一名 250 磅重的白人大汉将脚放在他的脖子上，而另一名男子则试图用一根钢棒穿过他的耳朵。

Sangernetta Gilbert Bush, Montgomery Resident : The police were standing there, in their uniforms, just looking.

桑格内塔·吉尔伯特·布什，蒙哥马利居民：警察穿着制服站在那里，只是看着。

They provided no protection for those students.

他们没有为这些学生提供保护。

John Seigenthaler, Assistant to RFK : There was a skinny, young kid and he was sort of dancing in front of this young woman, punching her, and I could see, as she turned her head, blood from the nose and mouth.

约翰·西根塔勒 (John Seigenthaler)，罗伯特·肯尼迪助理：有一个瘦弱的小孩子，他在这个年轻女子面前跳舞，打她，当她转过头时，我可以看到鼻子和嘴里流着血。

I grabbed her by the wrist over the hood of the car, had her right at the door and she put her hands up on the doorjamb and said, 'Mister, I don't want you to get hurt.

我抓住她的手腕，越过汽车引擎盖，让她站在门口，她把手放在门框上说：‘先生，我不想让你受伤。

I'm non-violent, I'm trained to take this.

我是非暴力的，我受过训练来接受这个。

Please, don't get hurt.

请不要受伤。

We'll be fine.' And I said, 'Get your ass in the car, sister.' And at that moment, they wheeled me around and they hit me with a pipe.

我们会没事的。我说，‘赶紧上车吧，姐姐。’就在那时，他们把我推过来，用管子打我。

They kicked me under the car and left me there.

他们把我踢到车底下，然后把我留在那里。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : There were some 300 to a thousand whites in the area of the bus depot before police finally broke up the crowd with tear gas.

广播新闻记者（档案）：在警察最终用催泪瓦斯驱散人群之前，公交车站附近有大约 300 到 1000 名白人。

They beat and injured at least 20 persons of both races and both sexes.

他们殴打并伤害了至少 20 名不同种族和性别的人。

Derek Catsam, Historian : After the Montgomery riots the Kennedys are feeling betrayed.

德里克·卡萨姆，历史学家：蒙哥马利骚乱之后，肯尼迪家族感到被背叛了。

There's John Seigenthaler lying in a pool of his own blood.

约翰·席根塔勒躺在自己的血泊中。

They realized that they can't work with Patterson, and they're gonna to have to bring in Federal Marshals.

他们意识到他们无法与帕特森合作，他们将不得不聘请联邦法警。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : The Justice Department says 400 United States Marshals will be in Montgomery tomorrow.

广播新闻记者（档案）：司法部称 400 名美国法警明天将前往蒙哥马利。

They're being assembled from other southern states now and court orders are being prepared to enable them to keep armed order if necessary.

他们现在正在从南部其他州聚集，并正在准备法院命令，以使他们能够在必要时维持武装秩序。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : We don't need the Federal Marshals here in this city.

约翰·帕特森 (John Patterson)，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年（档案）：我们这个城市不需要联邦法警。

The situation here is well in hand and if the outside agitators who came here and deliberately stirred up this controversy would go home and the Marshals go home, it will be best for everybody and the situation would return to normal very quickly.

这里的局势已经掌握得很好，如果那些来这里故意煽动这场争议的外部煽动者回家，元帅们也回家，这对每个人来说都是最好的，局势很快就会恢复正常。

Jim Zwerg, Exchange Student, Fisk University (Archival) : We're dedicated to this.

Jim Zwerg，菲斯克大学交换生（档案）：我们致力于此。

We'll take hitting, we'll take beating.

我们会挨打，我们会挨打。

We're willing to accept death.

我们愿意接受死亡。

But we're going to keep coming until we can ride from anywhere in the South to anyplace else in the South.

但我们将继续前进，直到我们可以从南方的任何地方骑行到南方的任何其他地方。

Singing : Don't you think its about time Lord that we all be free....

歌唱：主啊，你不觉得我们都自由了吗……

Slate : May 21, 1961, Montgomery, Alabama, Day 18 Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The next day after the Montgomery riot, it was clear that the riot required a response from the Movement.

石板：1961 年 5 月 21 日，阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利，第 18 天 历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：蒙哥马利骚乱发生后的第二天，很明显，这场骚乱需要运动做出回应。

That the Movement couldn't let this pass.

运动不能让这件事过去。

So they called a mass meeting -- support for the Freedom Riders at the First Baptist Church, Ralph Abernathy's church.

因此，他们在拉尔夫·阿伯内西的第一浸信会教堂召开了一次群众大会，支持自由乘车者。

Jim Farmer flew in.

吉姆·法默飞了进来。

Revered Fred Shuttlesworth came down from Birmingham.

受人尊敬的弗雷德·沙特尔斯沃思从伯明翰下来。

Dr. King flew in.

金博士飞了进来。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 (Archival) : He is the worst of all the agitators in this country.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年（档案）：他是这个国家所有煽动者中最糟糕的。

Now the best thing for King and all of the so-called Freedom Riders is to return to their homes go back to their books and mind their own business.

现在，对于金和所有所谓的自由骑士来说，最好的事情就是回到家中，继续读书，专注于自己的事情。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : Well, I wasn't happy when I found out he was coming to town.

约翰·帕特森 (John Patterson)，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：嗯，当我发现他要来城里时，我很不高兴。

He was a spellbinder in those days and he could get a crowd riled up quick.

在那些日子里，他是一个令人着迷的人，他可以很快激怒人群。

This would exacerbate the overall problem of the interest in the thing, and it would draw more attention to it, and it would bring out more of the crazies.

这会加剧对事物的兴趣的整体问题，会引起更多的关注，也会带来更多的疯狂。

Singing : Don't you think its about time Lord that we all be free....

歌唱：主啊，你不觉得我们都自由了吗……

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : They filled that church -- 1,500 people.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺 (Raymond Arsenault)：教堂里挤满了 1,500 人。

And they were making a statement that the movement was behind the Freedom Rides.

他们发表声明称该运动是自由乘车运动的幕后黑手。

There had been disagreements before -- many people thought it had been a mistake, that they were squandering the resources of the movement, that they were gonna get themselves killed -- but now they had to close ranks.

之前曾有过分歧——许多人认为这是一个错误，他们浪费了运动的资源，他们会自杀——但现在他们不得不团结一致。

They had to say that we're in this together, that the Freedom Rides are here to stay, that we're not gonna get pushed out of Alabama by violence.

他们不得不说，我们在一起，自由乘车运动将继续下去，我们不会被暴力赶出阿拉巴马州。

Delores Boyd, Montgomery Resident : In 1961 I was 11 years old.

Delores Boyd，蒙哥马利居民：1961 年，我 11 岁。

It was important that I go that night.

那天晚上我去很重要。

The busload of Freedom Riders had been attacked, had been beaten.

整车的自由乘车者遭到袭击、殴打。

Many of them were still hospitalized at St. Jude.

他们中的许多人仍在圣裘德医院住院。

We were told that those who were able would actually be there.

我们被告知那些有能力的人实际上会在那里。

I'd heard Dr. King before, I'd heard Reverend Abernathy, so the excitement wasn't just seeing the leaders.

我以前听过金博士的讲话，也听过阿伯内西牧师的讲话，所以兴奋不只是看到领导人。

We were all wanting to see who are these courageous Freedom Riders.

我们都想看看这些勇敢的自由骑士是谁。

And probably we'd been there at least an hour, hour and a half, when we realized that this would be different.

当我们意识到这会有所不同时，我们可能已经在那里呆了至少一个小时、一个半小时了。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : When I first realized that something was happening -- I think when I heard a rock hit the window.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯，自由骑士：当我第一次意识到发生了什么事时，我想是当我听到一块石头撞击窗户时。

And then some of us went to look out the window, and then got some more rocks.

然后我们中的一些人去看窗外，然后又拿了一些石头。

And so then that's when, you know, a little fear came and we didn't know what was about to go down.

就在那时，你知道，有点恐惧来了，我们不知道接下来会发生什么。

Diane McWhorter, Writer : There's a crowd of white people outside that just keeps growing and growing as the evening progresses.

黛安·麦克沃特（Diane McWhorter），作家：随着夜幕降临，外面有一群白人，人数不断增加。

And finally, there's a full-scale mob.

最后，有一个全面的暴民。

Delores Boyd, Montgomery Resident : We could hear outside, noise.

蒙哥马利居民 Delores Boyd：我们可以听到外面的噪音。

We could hear the jeering, the taunting.

我们可以听到嘲笑声、嘲讽声。

And they were all throwing things at the church.

他们都向教堂扔东西。

William Harbour, Freedom Rider : You could see the flare up of fire on the outside.

威廉·哈伯，自由骑士：你可以看到外面熊熊燃烧的火焰。

And you could hear the hollering from the groups on the outside.

你可以听到外面人群的叫喊声。

We just knew that the church gonna be set on fire and we couldn't get out.

我们只知道教堂会着火，而我们却无法逃脱。

Tommy Giles, Aide to Governor Patterson : They sent the Marshals to the church to protect the Freedom Riders.

帕特森州长的助手汤米·吉尔斯：他们派法警到教堂保护自由乘车者。

They showed up down there in a bunch of mail trucks.

他们乘坐一群邮车出现在那里。

U.S. mail vehicles carried them down there.

美国邮车将他们运到那里。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : In fact, it was a motley crew, a kind of a posse rounded up of the last second, of Federal workers.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，RFK 传记作者：事实上，这是一群形形色色的联邦工作人员，是在最后一刻被围捕的一群人。

Postal workers.

邮政工作人员。

Some customs officials.

一些海关官员。

Maybe some border guards.

也许是一些边防警卫。

And a lot of these guys were rednecks -- I mean, the joking up in Washington, I think one of the Kennedy's aides said, 'I'm not too sure which side they're gonna be on.' Tommy Giles, Aide to Governor Patterson : The crowd started moving towards the church and the Marshals decided, 'We're gonna put out tear gas.' Throwing the tear gas, not realizing the wind was blowing back on the Marshals.

其中很多人都是乡巴佬——我的意思是，在华盛顿开玩笑，我想肯尼迪的一位助手说，“我不太确定他们会站在哪一​​边。”帕特森州长的助手汤米·吉尔斯：人群开始向教堂移动，法警决定，“我们要施放催泪瓦斯。”扔催泪弹，却没有意识到风正吹向法警们。

And they got disbanded, and they went in all kinds of directions.

他们解散了，他们走向了各个方向。

Martin Luther King (Archival) : The first thing that we must do here tonight is decide that we're gonna be calm, and that we are going to continue to stand up for what we know is right.

马丁·路德·金（档案）：今晚我们必须在这里做的第一件事就是决定我们要保持冷静，并且我们将继续坚持我们所知道的正确的事情。

Catherine Burks-Brooks, Freedom Rider : We were told that we couldn't leave the church, and to stay on the inside.

凯瑟琳·伯克斯-布鲁克斯（Catherine Burks-Brooks），自由骑士：我们被告知不能离开教堂，只能留在里面。

The singing had kind of stopped, and we were tired at that time.

歌声已经停止了，那时我们很累。

We were about fit to leave the church.

我们快要离开教堂了。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : Well, here you have this church that's got 1,500 black folks in it, and they're surrounded by a screaming, raving mob of 3,000 whites who want to burn 'em, who want to kill 'em.

埃文·托马斯 (Evan Thomas)，RFK 传记作者：嗯，这座教堂里有 1,500 名黑人，而他们周围是 3,000 名尖叫、胡言乱语的暴徒，他们想要烧死他们，想要杀死他们。

And Martin Luther King is in there and he's scared, and he should be scared.

马丁·路德·金就在那里，他很害怕，他也应该害怕。

And he's on the phone with the Attorney General and he's asking for federal help.

他正在与司法部长通电话，请求联邦帮助。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Dr. King was saying, 'The situation here is desperate, you have got to do something.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：金博士说，‘这里的情况非常危急，你必须做点什么。

You've gotta figure out some way to uphold the rule of law.' Martin Luther King (Archival) : We are not giving in for what we are standing for.

你必须想出一些方法来维护法治。”马丁·路德·金（档案）：我们不会为我们所代表的东西屈服。

And maybe it takes something like this for the Federal government to see that Alabama is not going to place any limit upon itself; it must be imposed from without.

也许联邦政府需要这样的事情才能看到阿拉巴马州不会对自己施加任何限制；它必须从外部强加。

Derek Catsam, Historian : At the same time as the Kennedys are communicating with the folks in the church, they are talking to Patterson saying, 'You need to do something.

历史学家德里克·卡萨姆：在肯尼迪家族与教堂里的人们沟通的同时，他们正在对帕特森说，‘你需要做点什么。

You need to act and you need to act now!' What they really want to see happen ultimately is a peaceful solution in which Patterson is the one who protects the Riders, Patterson is the one who takes the responsibility.

你需要采取行动，而且现在就需要采取行动！”他们真正希望看到最终发生的是一个和平的解决方案，其中帕特森是保护骑士的人，帕特森是承担责任的人。

They don't want to appear to be imposing the will of the federal government.

他们不想显得强加联邦政府的意志。

Rev.

牧师。

Fred Shuttlesworth (Archival) : It's a sin and shame before God on a day like this, that these people who govern us would let things come to such a sad estate.

Fred Shuttlesworth（档案）：在这样的一天，这些统治我们的人让事情发展到如此悲惨的地步，这在上帝面前是一种罪恶和耻辱。

But God is not dead.

但神并没有死。

The most guilty man in this State tonight is Governor John Patterson.

今晚这个州最有罪的人是州长约翰·帕特森。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : I had my window up, and I could hear the din going on down there.

约翰·帕特森 (John Patterson)，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我把窗户打开，可以听到下面传来的喧闹声。

I had a Colonel there from the National Guard assigned to me as a liaison officer, just in case I had to declare Martial Law.

那里有一位国民警卫队上校指派给我作为联络官，以防万一我不得不宣布戒严令。

Tommy Giles, Aide to Governor Patterson : I was driving back and forth and I was keeping Governor Patterson abreast of what was happening at the church.

汤米·贾尔斯 (Tommy Giles)，帕特森州长的助手：我开车来回，让帕特森州长了解教堂里发生的事情。

I told him, I said, 'Governor things have gotten real outta hand down there and we gone need to do a lot more with the situation.' John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : He said, 'Governor, you better call them out, you better call them out, this thing is gonna get out of hand.' And I signed the proclamation and I handed it to Colonel Shepherd and I said, 'Here, call 'em out.' Martin Luther King (Archival) : I want to make this announcement that the City is now under Marshal Law and troops are on the way into Montgomery.

我告诉他，‘州长的事情已经完全失控了，我们需要针对这种情况做更多的事情。’约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：他说，“州长，你最好把他们叫出来，你最好把他们叫出来，事情会失控的。”我签署了公告并将其交给谢泼德上校，然后我说：“来吧，把他们叫出来。”马丁·路德·金（档案）：我想宣布这个消息，该市现在处于元帅法之下，军队正在前往蒙哥马利的路上。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : People rejoice.

约翰·刘易斯，自由骑士：人们欢欣鼓舞。

People express a sense of relief and happiness because they knew that the federal government has spoken from Washington.

人们感到如释重负和幸福，因为他们知道联邦政府已经从华盛顿发声了。

They knew that for the first time, the Kennedy administration, President Kennedy, his brother Robert Kennedy, had identified with their side, at the side of Civil Rights.

他们第一次知道，肯尼迪政府、肯尼迪总统和他的兄弟罗伯特·肯尼迪都站在了他们一边，站在了民权一边。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The back and forth between King and Bobby Kennedy was one of the remarkable dramas of the Civil Rights Movement.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：金和鲍比·肯尼迪之间的来回是民权运动中引人注目的戏剧之一。

It gave Dr. King a stature that Civil Rights leaders had not had before.

它使金博士获得了民权领袖以前从未有过的地位。

It was a kind of personal contact that becomes one of the hallmarks of the Movement later, but in 1961 it was a real affirmation of the Movement's power.

这是一种个人接触，后来成为运动的标志之一，但在 1961 年，这是对运动力量的真正肯定。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : The capital city of Alabama remains under Martial Law in the wake of racial strife.

广播新闻记者（档案）：由于种族冲突，阿拉巴马州首府仍处于戒严状态。

Eight hundred National Guardsmen and 700 U.S. Marshals aided by state and local police are keeping the watch here to prevent a reoccurrence of the interracial violence which has swept the city over the weekend.

800 名国民警卫队士兵和 700 名美国法警在州和地方警察的协助下在此进行警戒，以防止周末席卷该市的种族暴力事件再次发生。

Montgomery now hopes for the best but braces for the racial worst.

蒙哥马利现在抱有最好的希望，但也做好了种族最坏的准备。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : This was as good a time than any to point out to the rest of the world that we are not barbaric.

广播新闻记者（档案）：这是向世界其他地方指出我们并不野蛮的最佳时机。

The man who did the pointing for the United States today was Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who, using the microphones of Voice of America, told the people of more than 60 countries, 'That the Montgomery mob did not represent the people of the South, it actually represented only a small minority of Americans.' Robert F.

今天为美国指点迷津的是司法部长罗伯特·肯尼迪，他通过美国之音的麦克风对60多个国家的人民说，“蒙哥马利暴徒并不代表南方人民，他们实际上只代表了一小部分美国人。”罗伯特·F.

Kennedy (Archival) : In many areas of the United States, where there's no prejudice whatsoever, Negroes are continuously making progress here in this country.

肯尼迪（档案）：在美国的许多地区，没有任何偏见，黑人在这个国家不断取得进步。

The progress in many areas is not as fast as it should be, but they are making progress and we will continue to make progress.

很多领域的进展没有应有的那么快，但他们正在进步，我们也会继续进步。

There is prejudice now, there's no reason that in the near, in the foreseeable future that a Negro could also be President of the United States.

现在存在偏见，没有理由认为在不久的将来，在可预见的将来黑人也可以成为美国总统。

Slate : May 23, 1961, Montgomery, Alabama, Day 20 Radio News Reporter (Archival) : The 17 freedom riders who were at last night's church service have disappeared within the city of Montgomery or in the surrounding countryside.

时间：1961 年 5 月 23 日，阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利，第 20 天 广播新闻记者（档案）：昨晚参加教堂礼拜的 17 名自由骑士在蒙哥马利市或周边乡村失踪。

There is no sign of them, no one who will admit that he has any knowledge of their whereabouts.

没有他们的踪迹，没有人承认他知道他们的行踪。

They were expected to surrender to local authorities today to face charges of having violated an injunction against integrating buses operating on Alabama highways.

预计他们今天将向地方当局自首，面临违反阿拉巴马州高速公路上运营的公交车整合禁令的指控。

They have not surrendered.

他们没有投降。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : After the siege, the Freedom Riders gathered at Dr. Harris' house.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：围困结束后，自由乘车者聚集在哈里斯博士的家中。

This was one of the largest houses in the black community in Montgomery, and it's an amazing scene.

这是蒙哥马利黑人社区最大的房屋之一，景色令人惊叹。

Nothing like it had ever quite happened in the history of the Movement before, where you have young and old leaders, sort of sequestered in this house, talking about the philosophy of the Movement, the strategy, what to do next.

在运动历史上从来没有发生过这样的事情，年轻和年长的领导人都被隔离在这所房子里，谈论运动的哲学、战略、下一步该做什么。

And part of this involves the relationship between the Riders, between the Freedom Rides and Dr. King.

其中一部分涉及骑士之间、自由乘车组织和金博士之间的关系。

Martin Luther King (Archival) : We met with the students, some four hours last evening, and discussed many matters concerning the whole Freedom Ride and the goals ahead, and it was a unanimous feeling of all of the students present that the Freedom Rides should and must continue.

马丁·路德·金（档案）：昨晚我们与学生会面了大约四个小时，讨论了有关整个自由乘车和未来目标的许多问题，在场的所有学生一致认为自由乘车应该而且必须继续下去。

Rev.

牧师。

James M.

詹姆斯·M。

Lawson, Jr., Freedom Rider : There were a number of students and Riders who wanted Martin King to go on the ride with them.

小劳森，自由乘车者：有许多学生和自由乘车者希望马丁·金与他们一起骑行。

So there were major discussions and a lot of heat, I think, even anger at Dr. Harris' house during the night and the next day.

因此，我认为，当晚和第二天，哈里斯博士家里发生了重大讨论和激烈争吵，甚至引发了愤怒。

The folk who were pushing him to go were wanting to use him because he was the spokesperson and symbol of the struggle and they wanted that to give them some kind of media edge.

那些推动他下台的人想要利用他，因为他是斗争的代言人和象征，他们希望这能给他们带来某种媒体优势。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : He refuses, and he claims that he can't go because he's on probation and many of these young people are on probation three or four times over, you know, they've been arrested many more times than he has and they can't understand this reluctance.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：他拒绝了，他声称自己不能去，因为他正在缓刑期间，而这些年轻人中的许多人已经缓刑了三四次，你知道，他们被逮捕的次数比他多得多，他们无法理解这种不情愿。

Diane McWhorter, Writer : The SNCC kids fully expected that King was gonna be on the bus with them to Jackson, Mississippi, and were really crestfallen that he wouldn't and that's when they started calling him, mockingly, 'De Lawd.' John Lewis, Freedom Rider : To refer to Dr. King, as some people did, 'The Lord' was being facetious, sarcastic, that he was bigger than any of us.

黛安·麦克沃特（Diane McWhorter），编剧：SNCC 的孩子们满心期待金会和他们一起坐公共汽车去密西西比州的杰克逊，但他们真的很沮丧，因为他没有这么做，就在那时，他们开始嘲笑他，称他为“De Lawd”。约翰·刘易斯，《自由骑士》：像有些人那样称呼金博士，“主”是在开玩笑、讽刺，说他比我们任何人都伟大。

Clayborne Carson, Historian : When he was explaining why he wouldn't go on the Freedom Rides, he kind of compared himself to Jesus in the sense of seeing himself as a person facing crucifixion.

历史学家克莱伯恩·卡森：当他解释为什么他不会参加自由乘车时，他将自己与耶稣进行了比较，因为他将自己视为一个面临十字架的人。

I think he lost a certain amount of stature among some of the students.

我认为他在一些学生中失去了一定的地位。

I think it fed into some of the splits that would come.

我认为这会导致一些即将发生的分裂。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : That didn't mean that they turned their backs on him by any means; he's still a revered and beloved figure, but he was revealed to have feet, well maybe of clay.

朱利安·邦德（Julian Bond），学生非暴力协调委员会：这并不意味着他们以任何方式背弃他；他们只是在说：他仍然是一个受人尊敬和喜爱的人物，但他被发现有脚，很可能是粘土的。

Slate : May 24, 1961, Jackson, Mississippi, Day 21 Clayborne Carson, Historian : At a certain point the Kennedy administration and the state officials in Alabama make a decision that this is a crisis that has to end and that they need to diffuse it.

石板：1961 年 5 月 24 日，密西西比州杰克逊，第 21 天 克莱伯恩·卡森，历史学家：在某个时刻，肯尼迪政府和阿拉巴马州官员做出决定，这是一场必须结束的危机，他们需要化解危机。

They decide to do what they could have done in the first place and that is to provide the protection necessary to make sure that the Freedom Riders get from Montgomery to the border of Alabama and Mississippi safely.

他们决定首先做他们本可以做的事情，那就是提供必要的保护，以确保自由乘车者安全地从蒙哥马利到达阿拉巴马州和密西西比州的边境。

Tommy Giles, Aide to Governor Patterson : We had over 120 people to guard the Freedom Riders as they left Montgomery cause we gone be assured that there wouldn't be any problems.

汤米·贾尔斯 (Tommy Giles)，帕特森州长的助手：当自由乘车者离开蒙哥马利时，我们有超过 120 名人员来保护他们，因为我们可以放心，不会有任何问题。

And the guardsmen had their rifles with fixed bayonets.

卫兵们的步枪都带有刺刀。

Everybody was well prepared to get the Freedom Riders on out of Alabama and onto Mississippi.

每个人都做好了充分准备，让自由乘车者离开阿拉巴马州前往密西西比州。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : The scheduled departure: seven this morning.

广播新闻记者（档案）：预定出发时间：今天早上七点。

National Guardsmen and Highway Patrolmen dominated the scene.

国民警卫队和公路巡警占据了现场。

A half-dozen guardsmen boarded the bus, then the 12 Freedom Riders -- nine Negro men, one white man, two Negro women.

六名警卫登上了巴士，然后是 12 名自由乘车者——九名黑人男子、一名白人男子、两名黑人妇女。

At 11 minutes after seven, the convoy started to move.

七点十分十一点，车队开始行驶。

The bus was preceded by a half-dozen highway patrol cars.

巴士前面有六辆高速公路巡逻车。

Rev.

牧师。

James M.

詹姆斯·M。

Lawson, Jr., Freedom Rider : We did not ask for all of the state police and the helicopters overhead.

小劳森，自由骑士：我们并没有要求所有的州警察和头顶上的直升机。

It was shameful that we could not travel peacefully without that apparatus of protection.

没有那个保护装置，我们就无法平静地旅行，这是可耻的。

Rev.

牧师。

C.T.

CT

Vivian, Freedom Rider : We take off across country.

维维安，自由骑士：我们跨越全国起飞。

We can see people on porches and black people on their porches -- when we're going through the black part of a town -- they're just waving, you know, and we're waving back.

我们可以看到门廊上的人们和门廊上的黑人——当我们穿过城镇的黑人部分时——他们只是在挥手，你知道，我们也在向他们挥手。

It was really tremendous, and old folks sitting out on the porch like they normally do; and it was really a wonderful thing.

这真是太棒了，老人们像平常一样坐在门廊上；这真是一件美妙的事情。

Their hopes were on us, you know, and we were supposed to in fact do what we're doing, and to make it so that one day their children wouldn't have to put up with what they put up with.

他们的希望寄托在我们身上，你知道，我们实际上应该做我们正在做的事情，并做到这一点，以便有一天他们的孩子不必忍受他们所忍受的一切。

John Patterson, Governor of Alabama, 1959-1963 : We escorted them all the way with State Troopers and National Guardsmen, all the way to the Mississippi line.

约翰·帕特森，阿拉巴马州州长，1959-1963 年：我们与州警和国民警卫队一路护送他们，一直到密西西比防线。

Then the thing was over.

然后事情就结束了。

And then we began to lick our wounds.

然后我们开始舔伤口。

Radio News Reporter (Archival) : At 11:50 am, Central Standard Time, the bus hit the Mississippi line, the Alabama authorities pulling back.

广播新闻记者（档案）：中部标准时间上午 11 点 50 分，巴士撞上密西西比线，阿拉巴马州当局撤回。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : We felt a very strange feeling when the changing of the guard at the Alabama-Mississippi state line; it was very eerie.

小伯纳德·拉斐特（Bernard Lafayette, Jr.），自由骑士：当阿拉巴马州和密西西比州交界处的卫兵换岗时，我们有一种非常奇怪的感觉；这非常令人毛骨悚然。

In spite of all the Alabama had done, the fear of Mississippi in the minds of many people was far greater.

尽管阿拉巴马州做了一切，但许多人心中对密西西比州的恐惧要大得多。

There was a huge billboard and that billboard said, 'Welcome to Mississippi.

有一个巨大的广告牌，上面写着：“欢迎来到密西西比州。”

The Magnolia State.' And when we continued to ride on, the next large sign we saw said, 'Prepare to meet thy God.' Ross Barnett, Governor of Mississippi, 1960-1964 (Archival) : There are seven or eight of these what they call Freedom Riders on the way from Montgomery, Alabama, coming into the state of Mississippi, and I believe you asked me if we'd made any preparation for them, is that right?

木兰州。当我们继续前行时，我们看到的下一个大标牌上写着：“准备好迎接你的上帝。”罗斯·巴尼特，密西西比州州长，1960-1964 年（档案）：有七八个他们所谓的自由骑士从阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利进入密西西比州，我相信你问我我们是否为他们做了任何准备，是吗？

(background: 'Yes') Well, we expect them to obey the laws of Mississippi just as you or any other citizen we would expect to do.

（背景：“是”）好吧，我们希望他们遵守密西西比州的法律，就像我们希望您或任何其他公民一样。

Frederick Leonard, Student, Tennessee State University : What we didn't know at the time was that Ross Barnett, the Governor of Mississippi, had told all the white people in Mississippi, 'stay home.' He said there would be no violence in Mississippi and there was no violence in Mississippi, even though that was the state most known for hanging, you know.

弗雷德里克·伦纳德 (Frederick Leonard)，田纳西州立大学学生：当时我们不知道的是，密西西比州州长罗斯·巴尼特 (Ross Barnett) 告诉密西西比州的所有白人“呆在家里”。他说密西西比州不会发生暴力事件，密西西比州也不会发生暴力事件，尽管密西西比州是最以绞刑闻名的州，你知道。

That was the most violent state, but Ross Barnett said, 'Let us handle this.' And that's what they did.

那是最暴力的状态，但罗斯·巴尼特说，“让我们来处理这个问题。”他们就是这么做的。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : We walked into the white waiting room and there was this police Captain, we learned his name was Captain Ray and he said, 'Move on.

小伯纳德·拉斐特，自由骑士：我们走进白色的候诊室，看到一位警察队长，我们得知他的名字叫雷队长，他说，“继续前进。”

Move on.

继续前行。

Move on.' Police Officer (Archival) : You are under arrest for refusing to obey my orders.

继续前行。'警官（档案）：你因拒绝服从我的命令而被捕。

Rev.

牧师。

C.T.

CT

Vivian, Freedom Rider : By the time I came out of the bus station, everybody was in the paddy wagon, and he was telling his men to close the door.

维维安，自由骑士：当我从公共汽车站出来时，每个人都在稻草车上，他告诉他的手下关上门。

So I sorta tapped him on the shoulder and I said, 'I'm with them.' He looks and then he turns his face around because he's smiling.

所以我拍了拍他的肩膀说：“我和他们在一起。”他看了看，然后转过脸来，因为他在微笑。

First time he have anybody tell him to open the paddy wagon so they could go to jail.

他第一次有人告诉他打开稻车，这样他们就可以进监狱。

And then when he got his face together, he turned back around and he said, 'Get in there!' Frederick Leonard, Student, Tennessee State University : They took us right to the paddy wagon, to the jail, to court, and to the state penitentiary.

然后当他把脸集中起来时，他转过身来，说道：“进去吧！”弗雷德里克·伦纳德 (Frederick Leonard)，田纳西州立大学学生：他们直接把我们带到了稻田车、监狱、法庭和州立监狱。

Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee : The arrangement is made between the Federal Government, Robert Kennedy, and the most powerful man in Mississippi, James O.

朱利安·邦德，学生非暴力协调委员会：这项安排是联邦政府罗伯特·肯尼迪和密西西比州最有权势的人詹姆斯·O·肯尼迪之间做出的。

Eastland, the Senator.

伊斯特兰，参议员。

In exchange for providing safety for the Freedom Riders, their civil rights can be violated and they can be arrested in Jackson, peacefully and calmly, under laws which have twice been invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court.

作为为自由乘车者提供安全的交换条件，他们的公民权利可能会受到侵犯，并且根据已两次被美国最高法院宣告无效的法律，他们可以在杰克逊和平、平静地被捕。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : The authorities in Mississippi arrest them for breach of peace.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：密西西比当局以破坏和平为由逮捕了他们。

This was the implicit deal worked out.

这就是达成的隐性交易。

I think the Kennedy administration was not totally averse to this.

我认为肯尼迪政府并不完全反对这一点。

I think they thought that the Freedom Riders would learn a lesson, and that this would quiet down the whole movement.

我认为他们认为自由乘车者会吸取教训，这会让整个运动平静下来。

Ross Barnett, Governor of Mississippi, 1960-1964 (Archival) : In the face of an attempt to violate the laws of Mississippi by agitators, our law enforcement officers did in fact enforce these laws as they have always enforced them.

罗斯·巴尼特 (Ross Barnett)，密西西比州州长，1960-1964 年（档案）：面对煽动者企图违反密西西比州法律的行为，我们的执法人员实际上确实执行了这些法律，就像他们一直以来执行的那样。

And they will continue, Ladies and Gentlemen, to enforce all of the laws of the State of Mississippi when efforts are made by anyone or any group of people to violate those laws.

女士们先生们，当任何人或任何团体试图违反密西西比州的所有法律时，他们将继续执行这些法律。

Derek Catsam, Historian : This is a major national story.

德里克·卡萨姆（Derek Catsam），历史学家：这是一个重大的全国性故事。

It's drawing headline coverage in newspapers.

它引起了报纸的头条报道。

It's on the nightly news every single night, and it is also drawing international coverage.

它每晚都会出现在晚间新闻中，并且也引起了国际报道。

Czech Reporter (Archival, Subtitled) : In the land of Ernest Hemingway, some people still fight for basic human rights.

捷克记者（档案，副标题）：在海明威的土地上，仍有一些人为基本人权而奋斗。

The police have the authority to preventing black citizens from entering areas of the bus stop reserved for whites.

警察有权阻止黑人公民进入为白人保留的公交车站区域。

Derek Catsam, Historian : It's a story that really resonates with people who are seeing on the one hand the American ideals that they know about, and on the other hand the way the Freedom Rides and the response to them confronts their image of American ideals.

德里克·卡萨姆，历史学家：这个故事确实引起了人们的共鸣，他们一方面看到了他们所了解的美国理想，另一方面看到了自由乘车的方式以及对他们的反应与他们的美国理想形象的对抗。

Czech Reporter (Archival, Subtitled) : For those who refuse to submit to unjust racial laws in this "paradise of freedom," prison awaits.

捷克记者（档案，副标题）：对于那些在这个“自由天堂”拒绝服从不公正种族法律的人来说，监狱正在等待着他们。

Singing : Let you free....

歌声：让你自由......

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : After the arrests in Jackson, Ross Barnett decided to send them to Parchman Prison.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：杰克逊被捕后，罗斯·巴尼特决定将他们送往帕奇曼监狱。

Parchman was the most dreaded prison in the South.

帕奇曼监狱是南方最可怕的监狱。

William Faulkner, in one of his novels, called it "destination doom." Clayborne Carson, Historian : Ross Barnett wants to teach them a lesson, and the lesson is, 'I'm going to send you to a real prison, to Parchman Penitentiary.

威廉·福克纳在他的一本小说中将其称为“目的地厄运”。克莱伯恩·卡森（Clayborne Carson），历史学家：罗斯·巴尼特（Ross Barnett）想给他们一个教训，教训是，‘我要把你们送到真正的监狱，送到帕奇曼监狱。

So you're gonna do hard time in Mississippi.

所以你在密西西比州会过得很艰难。

You're not -- this is not gonna be a city jail.

你不是——这不会是一座城市监狱。

This is going to be like the reputation of the old South where people did work gangs.' Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Ross Barnett thought that he could intimidate them; that just the thought of Parchman would scare people to death, and that this would break the back of the Freedom Rider movement.

这就像老南方的名声一样，那里的人们成群结队地工作。雷蒙德·阿瑟诺（Raymond Arsenault），历史学家：罗斯·巴尼特（Ross Barnett）认为他可以恐吓他们；只要想到帕奇曼就会把人吓死，而这会击垮自由乘车运动的后盾。

Joan Mulholland, Freedom Rider : We were taken into this dark building.

琼·穆赫兰，自由骑士：我们被带进这座黑暗的建筑。

We had striped and get examined, a vaginal exam had-- matrons had on rubber gloves and would dip them into what smelled sort of like Lysol or some concoction like that, and then they'd gouge up us and back into the Lysol, or whatever it was, and on to the next one.

我们穿了条纹衣服，接受检查，进行了阴道检查——护士长们戴着橡胶手套，把它们浸入闻起来有点像来苏水或类似混合物的东西里，然后他们把我们挖出来，放回来苏水或其他什么东西里，然后进行下一个。

And that was really intimidating.

这真的很吓人。

Showed they could do anything they wanted to us, and probably would.

表明他们可以对我们做任何他们想做的事，而且很可能会这么做。

Rev.

牧师。

C.T.

CT

Vivian, Freedom Rider : Suddenly he asked me, 'Do you have syphilis?' I said no and kind of laughed, quite like I'm doing now.

维维安，自由骑士：突然他问我，“你有梅毒吗？”我说不，然后笑了，就像我现在所做的那样。

Boy, that was the key.

男孩，这就是关键。

They jumped on me.

他们跳到我身上。

But as they attacked blood spouted.

但当他们攻击时，鲜血喷涌而出。

And when the blood spouted, they all jumped back, because they weren't supposed to do that.

当鲜血喷出时，他们都向后跳了一步，因为他们不应该这样做。

The idea was to bruise, not to bleed.

我们的想法是瘀伤，而不是流血。

Derek Catsam, Historian : Ross Barnett thinks that he has the ultimate move on the chessboard by sending them to Parchman farm.

德里克·卡萨姆（Derek Catsam），历史学家：罗斯·巴尼特（Ross Barnett）认为他在棋盘上有最终的一步，将他们送到帕奇曼农场。

The Freedom Riders take the pretty brave stand of saying, 'Fine, we'll go to Parchman, and we'll fill Parchman up, and we'll make Parchman the next site of the Civil Rights Movement.' Freedom Rider (Archival) : We must now fill the jail and be willing to remain for at least a minimum of 60 days or more.

自由乘车者采取了非常勇敢的立场，他们说：“好吧，我们去帕奇曼，我们会把帕奇曼填满，我们会让帕奇曼成为民权运动的下一个地点。”自由骑士（档案）：我们现在必须填满监狱，并愿意至少待 60 天或更长时间。

Derek Catsam, Historian : It became a continuation of the Freedom Ride, Parchman becomes every much the location in the Freedom rides as the bus depots themselves.

德里克·卡萨姆 (Derek Catsam)，历史学家：它成为自由乘车的延续，帕奇曼成为自由乘车中的每个地点，就像公交车站一样。

Man (archival) : I would like to see the show of hands of those you who will be willing to continue the Freedom Ride in the near future.

男子（档案）：我希望看到那些愿意在不久的将来继续自由之旅的人举手。

Put 'em up high please.

请把它们举高。

Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : We made up a song sayin' that buses are coming.

小伯纳德·拉斐特 (Bernard Lafayette, Jr.)，《自由骑士》：我们创作了一首歌，说巴士即将到来。

And we sang it to the jailers to tell them, and warn them to get ready, to be prepared that we were not the only ones coming.

我们把这首歌唱给狱卒听，告诉他们，警告他们做好准备，做好准备，我们不是唯一来的人。

So we started singing: 'Buses are a-comin', oh yes.

于是我们开始唱：“公共汽车来了”，哦，是的。

Buses are a-comin', oh yes.

巴士来了，哦，是的。

Buses are a-comin', buses are a-comin', buses are a-comin', oh yes.' We say to the jailers, 'better get you ready, oh yes.' The jailers say, 'All right, shut up all that singing and hollering in here.

公共汽车来了，公共汽车来了，公共汽车来了，哦，是的。我们对狱卒说，“最好让你们做好准备，哦，是的。”狱卒说：‘好吧，让这里停止所有的唱歌和叫喊。

This is not no playhouse, this is the jailhouse.' So, we said to ourselves, 'What are you gonna do?

这不是剧场，这是监狱。”所以，我们对自己说，‘你要做什么？

Put us in jail.' (Singing) 'Better get you ready, oh yes.

把我们关进监狱。 （唱）“最好让你做好准备，哦，是的。”

Better get you ready, oh yes.' And they said, 'Wait a minute, hold it.

最好让你做好准备，哦，是的。他们说，‘等一下，坚持一下。

If we hear one more peek outta you guys, we gonna take your mattress.' Ernest "Rip" Patton, Jr., Freedom Rider (singing) : 'You can take our mattress, oh yes.

如果我们再听到你们偷看，我们就会拿走你们的床垫。自由骑士小欧内斯特·“瑞普”·巴顿（演唱）：“你可以拿走我们的床垫，哦，是的。”

You can take our mattress, oh yes.

您可以带走我们的床垫，哦，是的。

You can take our mattress, you can take our mattress, you can take our mattress, oh yes.' Bernard Lafayette, Jr., Freedom Rider : And then, they said that they were going to take our toothbrushes.

你可以拿走我们的床垫，你可以拿走我们的床垫，你可以拿走我们的床垫，哦，是的。小伯纳德·拉斐特，自由骑士：然后，他们说要拿走我们的牙刷。

And someone struck out, (singing) 'You can take our tooth...' and we said, 'wait a minute, hold up.

有人出局了，（唱着）“你可以拿走我们的牙齿……”我们说，“等一下，等一下。”

This is time for Quaker consensus.

现在是贵格会共识的时候了。

We all got to agree on this together.' Cause here we were, eight of us in a cell built for two and that means you had-- we're close quarters.

我们都必须在这一点上达成一致。因为我们在这里，我们八个人住在一个​​为两人建造的牢房里，这意味着我们——我们的住处很近。

And so we learned to sing with our mouths closed so we wouldn't breathe on each other, and we sang, (singing) 'You can take our toothbrush, oh yes.

所以我们学会了闭上嘴唱歌，这样我们就不会互相呼吸，我们唱道，（唱）“你可以拿走我们的牙刷，哦，是的。”

You can take our toothbrush, oh yes.

您可以拿走我们的牙刷，哦，是的。

You can take our toothbrush, you can take our toothbrush, you can take our toothbrush, oh yes.' Singing : Buses are a comin', oh yes....

你可以拿走我们的牙刷，你可以拿走我们的牙刷，你可以拿走我们的牙刷，哦，是的。唱歌：公共汽车来了，哦，是的......

Pauline Knight-Ofoso, Freedom Rider : I got up one morning in May, and I said to my folks at home, 'I won't be back today because I'm a Freedom Rider.' It was like a wave or a wind that you didn't know where it was coming from or where it was going, but you knew you were supposed to be there.

Pauline Knight-Ofoso，自由骑士：五月的一天早上，我起床后对家里的家人说：“我今天不会回来，因为我是自由骑士。”就像一阵波浪或一阵风，你不知道它从哪里来，也不知道它要去哪里，但你知道你应该在那里。

Nobody asked me.

没有人问我。

Nobody told me.

没有人告诉我。

It was like putting yeast in bread; it was a leavening effect.

这就像将酵母放入面包中一样；这是一种发酵作用。

Joan Mulholland, Freedom Rider : What are you gonna do this summer?

琼·穆赫兰《自由骑士》：今年夏天你打算做什么？

Well, you can go do some, you know, menial, low-paying job, or you can go on the Freedom Rides.

好吧，你可以去做一些，你知道的，卑微的，低薪的工作，或者你可以去自由之旅。

I think a lot of us, we were past fear.

我想我们很多人都已经摆脱了恐惧。

We can't stop.

我们不能停下来。

If one person falls, others take their place.

如果一个人倒下了，其他人就会接替他的位置。

Rabbi Israel Dresner, Freedom Rider : They wanted to have people of different religions.

以色列·德雷斯纳拉比，自由骑士：他们希望拥有不同宗教信仰的人。

We started out with 14 Protestant ministers -- eight white and six black -- and four Reform rabbis, and we wound up with 10 of us getting arrested.

我们一开始有 14 名新教牧师——八名白人和六名黑人——和四名改革派拉比，最后我们有 10 人被捕。

Priest, Freedom Rider (Archival) : We cannot submit to immoral laws which demand that we separate racially.

自由骑士神父（档案）：我们不能遵守要求种族隔离的不道德法律。

Nor can we conscientiously avoid entirely the situation of which these segregationist laws operate contrary to the laws of the land.

我们也不能认真地完全避免这些种族隔离法律与国家法律相悖的情况。

Singing : Rolling into Jackson, oh yes....

唱歌：滚进杰克逊，哦，是的......

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : As the Freedom Rider leaders called for more Freedom Rides going into Mississippi, Bobby Kennedy decided to go formally to the Interstate Commerce Commission -- the ICC -- and to ask them for a sweeping desegregation order.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：当“自由乘车者”领导人呼吁更多的“自由乘车”进入密西西比州时，鲍比·肯尼迪决定正式向州际商业委员会（即国际刑事法院）寻求全面废除种族隔离的命令。

As Attorney General, Bobby Kennedy did not have the power to take down the Jim Crow signs, only the ICC did.

作为司法部长，鲍比·肯尼迪无权拆除种族隔离标志，只有国际刑事法院有权力。

Robert F.

罗伯特·F.

Kennedy (Archival) : Now the matter is before the ICC.

肯尼迪（档案）：现在此事已提交国际刑事法院。

We have taken action in the government to try to end segregation in all of these facilities.

我们已在政府中采取行动，试图结束所有这些设施中的隔离。

It seems to me that that's the proper place for it to be.

在我看来，这就是它应该存在的地方。

I don't see that the Freedom Riders now, who are so-called Freedom Riders, who are making these trips, accomplish a great deal.

我不认为现在进行这些旅行的自由乘车者，即所谓的自由乘车者，取得了很大的成就。

I question their wisdom, I don't question their legal right to travel, but I question their wisdom.

我质疑他们的智慧，我不质疑他们旅行的合法权利，但我质疑他们的智慧。

I think that some people can get hurt, innocent people that don't have anything to do with this.

我认为有些人和这件事无关的无辜者可能会受到伤害。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Bobby Kennedy hoped that he could go to the Freedom Rider leaders and say, 'Look, I've made this move.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：鲍比·肯尼迪希望他能够去找自由乘车者领导人并说，‘看，我已经采取了这一行动。

Those signs are going to come down eventually.

这些迹象最终将会消失。

Why don't you call off the Freedom Rides?' Derek Catsam, Historian : Robert Kennedy calls for this cooling off process and the Freedom Riders say 'no,' and in fact, they pick up the Freedom Rides.

你为什么不取消自由乘车活动呢？历史学家德里克·卡萨姆：罗伯特·肯尼迪呼吁进行这种冷静过程，而自由乘车者说“不”，事实上，他们接受了自由乘车运动。

They intensify the whole project and they have people coming in from all across the country to participate.

他们加强了整个项目，并吸引了来自全国各地的人们参与。

And they are coming in by plane, and they are coming in by bus, and they are coming in by train.

他们乘飞机进来，他们乘公共汽车进来，他们乘火车进来。

Reporter (Archival) : Well as this train rolls on toward Jackson, Mississippi, do you have any second thoughts with regard to this effort you're taking?

记者（档案）：当这列火车驶向密西西比州杰克逊市时，您对您所做的努力有什么想法吗？

Glenda Gaither Davis, Freedom Rider (Archival) : No. Not at all.

格伦达·盖瑟·戴维斯，自由骑士（档案）：不，一点也不。

Glenda Gaither Davis, Freedom Rider : Even though we came from many different places and we had many different cultures and many different home environments, in some ways we were very much unified because we had a common cause and we were all moving in that direction.

格伦达·盖瑟·戴维斯，自由骑士：尽管我们来自许多不同的地方，有许多不同的文化和许多不同的家庭环境，但在某些方面我们非常团结，因为我们有一个共同的事业，而且我们都在朝着那个方向前进。

And we did believe in what we were doing.

我们确实相信我们正在做的事情。

We knew that we had taken a stand and that it was going to be better.

我们知道我们已经表明立场，而且事情会变得更好。

There was something better out there for us.

对我们来说有更好的东西。

Reporter (Archival) : What made you want to take part in this?

记者（档案）：是什么让您想参与其中？

Glenda Gaither Davis, Freedom Rider (Archival) : I want to break, help break down these barriers of segregation.

格伦达·盖瑟·戴维斯，自由骑士（档案）：我想打破、帮助打破这些隔离障碍。

Reporter (Archival) : How about you?

记者（档案）：你呢？

Can you give me any of your feelings on why you want to take part in this?

你能告诉我你为什么想参加这个活动吗？

Male Freedom Rider (Archival) : Well, I want to help establish the right of all Americans to eat together, and to travel together.

男性自由骑士（档案）：嗯，我想帮助建立所有美国人一起吃饭、一起旅行的权利。

Reporter (Archival) : Why do you think it's your responsibility?

记者（档案）：为什么你认为这是你的责任？

Male Freedom Rider (Archival) : I think it's every American's responsibility, and I only think that some are more conscious of their responsibilities than others.

男性自由骑士（档案）：我认为这是每个美国人的责任，而且我只是认为有些人比其他人更意识到自己的责任。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Eventually there were over 430 Freedom Riders, 300 of whom ended up in Parchman.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺 (Raymond Arsenault)：最终有超过 430 名自由乘车者，其中 300 人最终来到了帕奇曼。

At Parchman they began to see the movement in a new way.

在帕奇曼，他们开始以新的方式看待这场运动。

It became almost a University of non-violence.

它几乎成为一所非暴力大学。

They became not just an individual groups of Freedom Riders, but they had a shared experience.

他们不仅成为自由骑士的个体团体，而且拥有共同的经历。

And they were from different parts of the country, they were different races, different religions, in some cases different political philosophies, and it all got blended together.

他们来自这个国家的不同地区，他们是不同的种族，不同的宗教，在某些情况下有不同的政治哲学，所有这些都混合在一起。

They became tougher.

他们变得更强硬。

They became even more committed.

他们变得更加坚定。

They became the shock troops of the movement.

他们成为运动的突击部队。

John Lewis, Freedom Rider : The people that took a seat on these buses, that went to jail in Jackson, that went to Parchman, they were never the same.

约翰·刘易斯，自由骑士：那些坐在这些公共汽车上的人，那些进过杰克逊监狱的人，那些去了帕奇曼的人，他们从来都不是一样的。

We had moments there to learn, to teach each other the way of nonviolence, the way of love, the way of peace.

我们在那里学习、教导彼此非暴力之道、爱之道、和平之道。

The Freedom Ride created an unbelievable sense: Yes, we will make it.

自由之旅创造了一种难以置信的感觉：是的，我们会成功。

Yes, we will survive.

是的，我们会生存下去。

And that nothing, but nothing, was going to stop this movement.

没有什么可以阻止这一运动。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : Finally, on September 22nd after hundreds of arrests, the ICC issued its order.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：在逮捕了数百人之后，国际刑事法院终于在 9 月 22 日发布了命令。

It gave the Freedom Riders what they'd been asking for.

它满足了自由乘车者们一直想要的东西。

The "colored only," the "whites only" signs that had been in the bus and rail stations for generations, they finally came down.

公交车和火车站几代人以来“仅限有色人种”、“仅限白人”的标志终于被拆除了。

This was the first unambiguous victory in the long history of the civil rights movement.

这是民权运动漫长历史中第一次明确的胜利。

It finally said that, you know, "We can do this." And it raised expectations across the board for greater victories in the future.

它最后说，你知道，“我们能做到。”它提高了人们对未来取得更大胜利的全面期望。

Singing : I'm taking a trip on the Greyhound Bus line.

唱歌：我要乘坐灰狗巴士线旅行。

I'm riding the front seat to New Orleans this time.

这次我坐前座去新奥尔良。

Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling....

哈利路亚，我正在旅行......

Hank Thomas, Freedom Rider : Black folks always lived in fear of white folks.

汉克·托马斯，自由骑士：黑人总是生活在对白人的恐惧之中。

And now they are seeing the young people, defying white people.

现在他们看到年轻人反抗白人。

And so we helped to get rid of that myth of impotence.

因此，我们帮助消除了阳痿的神话。

Singing : I walked in Montgomery, I sat in Tennessee.

唱歌：我走在蒙哥马利，我坐在田纳西。

Now I'm riding for equality.

现在我为平等而奋斗。

Hallelujah I'm a-traveling.

哈利路亚，我正在旅行。

Hallelujah ain't it fine.

哈利路亚，这不是很好吗？

Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling down freedom's main line.

哈利路亚，我正在沿着自由的主线旅行。

Rabbi Israel Dresner, Freedom Rider : They understood that the only way it could be done in America is through peaceful methods.

自由骑士拉比以色列·德雷斯纳：他们明白，在美国实现这一目标的唯一途径是通过和平方式。

And the Freedom Rides illustrated that.

自由乘车运动就说明了这一点。

The people who got beaten did not strike back.

被打的人没有还手。

The people who got beaten did not have weapons with them.

被殴打的人身上没有携带武器。

It was just a stroke of genius.

这简直就是天才之举。

Delores Boyd, Montgomery Resident : The Freedom Riders introduced the notion that there were fair-minded white persons who were willing to sacrifice themselves, their bodies and their lives, because they too believed that the country had an obligation to uphold its constitutional mandate of liberty and justice for all.

蒙哥马利居民德洛丽丝·博伊德：自由乘车者提出了这样一种观念，即有公正的白人愿意牺牲自己、身体和生命，因为他们也相信国家有义务维护其宪法赋予所有人的自由和正义。

And I think it opened our eyes so that we didn't paint all white people with the same broad brush.

我认为这让我们大开眼界，这样我们就不会用同样的大画笔来描绘所有白人。

Robert F.

罗伯特·F.

Kennedy (Archival) : A great change is at hand, and our task, our obligation is to make that revolution, that change, peaceful and constructive for all.

肯尼迪（档案）：一场伟大的变革即将到来，我们的任务、我们的义务是让这场革命、这场变革对所有人来说是和平的、建设性的。

Those who do nothing are inviting shame as well as violence.

那些无所作为的人不仅会招致耻辱，还会招致暴力。

Those who act boldly are recognizing right as well as reality.

那些大胆行动的人既认识到了正确，也认识到了现实。

Evan Thomas, RFK Biographer : There's no question that Kennedy was changed by the Freedom Riders.

埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），肯尼迪传记作者：毫无疑问，自由乘车者改变了肯尼迪。

There's a direct line from the Freedom Riders to the speech that President Kennedy gave in June of 1963, calling on Congress to pass legislation to get rid of Jim Crow and to give civil rights protection to all citizens.

自由乘车者运动与肯尼迪总统 1963 年 6 月发表的演讲有着直接的联系，他呼吁国会通过立法废除吉姆·克劳法并为所有公民提供民权保护。

Raymond Arsenault, Historian : It was America.

历史学家雷蒙德·阿瑟诺：那是美国。

It was interracial.

这是跨种族的。

It was inter-regional.

这是跨区域的。

It was secular and religious.

这是世俗的和宗教的。

It brought together people of different political philosophies.

它汇集了不同政治理念的人们。

There was a sense of unity and purpose that I'm not sure that the movement ever had before.

我不确定这场运动以前是否有过这样的团结感和目标感。

It was a shining moment.

那是一个辉煌的时刻。

Singing : Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling.

歌唱：哈利路亚，我正在旅行。

Hallelujah, ain't it fine.

哈利路亚，这不是很好吗？

Hallelujah, I'm a-traveling down freedom's main line.

哈利路亚，我正在沿着自由的主线旅行。

Historian and biographer of the Freedom Riders remembers the civil rights icon.

自由乘车者的历史学家和传记作家还记得这位民权偶像。

Meet the movement leaders featured in Freedom Riders .

认识《自由乘车者》中的运动领袖。

Meet the key members of the US government featured in Freedom Riders .

认识《自由乘车者》中的美国政府主要成员。

Meet some of the key figures of Freedom Riders .

认识一些自由乘车者的关键人物。

The Freedom Rides brought together people of different races, religions, cultures, and economic backgrounds from across the United States.

自由乘车运动将美国各地不同种族、宗教、文化和经济背景的人们聚集在一起。

Filmmaker Stanley Nelson and American Experience Executive Producer Cameo George discuss three of Nelson's Civil Rights films, how these stories shaped and advanced the ongoing civil rights movement, and how public media can help elevate filmmakers of color in telling diverse stories.

电影制片人斯坦利·尼尔森和《美国体验》执行制片人卡梅奥·乔治讨论了尼尔森的三部民权电影，这些故事如何塑造和推动了正在进行的民权运动，以及公共媒体如何帮助提升有色人种电影制片人讲述多样化的故事。

The Freedom Rides were one of the earliest demonstrations that Gandhian principles of nonviolence could be effective in the civil rights movement.

自由乘车运动是甘地非暴力原则在民权运动中发挥作用的最早示威活动之一。

Midway between the 1954 Brown school desegregation decision and the 1968 assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, the Freedom Rides captured the zeitgeist of the decade to come.

在 1954 年布朗学校废除种族隔离决定和 1968 年马丁·路德·金博士被暗杀之间，自由乘车运动抓住了未来十年的时代精神。

The Freedom Rides represented a major evolution in the tactics and strategy of the Civil Rights Movement and marked an unprecedented level of engagement with the federal government.

自由乘车代表了民权运动策略和战略的重大演变，标志着与联邦政府的接触达到了前所未有的水平。

The victory won by the Freedom Riders was decisive and unambiguous, expanding the freedom of African-Americans to travel through the United States.

自由乘车者赢得的胜利是决定性的、毫不含糊的，扩大了非洲裔美国人在美国旅行的自由。

The Freedom Rides were successful in large part because they were able to engage the media and gain a sympathetic national audience.

自由乘车运动之所以成功，很大程度上是因为它们能够吸引媒体并赢得全国观众的同情。