Fatal Flood
Billy Payne, Resident: Well, the winter of '27 it started raining early in the year that year.
比利·佩恩（Billy Payne），居民：嗯，27 年的冬天，那年早些时候就开始下雨了。
January, February, it rained it seemed like every day.
一月、二月，好像每天都下雨。
Sarah Percy, Resident: It rained and rained and rained and rained some more.
莎拉·珀西（Sarah Percy），住院医师：雨一直下着，雨下着，下着，又下着。
It just looked like it would never stop.
看起来就像永远不会停止。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: The river kept coming above flood level and it was rumored in all of the papers and things that if this levee would break we'd have a flood that would wash away from Memphis to New Orleans.
米尔德丽德准将，居民：这条河水位一直高于洪水位，所有的报纸和事件都传言说，如果堤坝决口，洪水就会从孟菲斯冲到新奥尔良。
Narrator: On April 15, 1927 -- Good Friday -- as another violent storm battered Greenville, Mississippi, a party held in one of the town's finest homes.
旁白：1927 年 4 月 15 日——耶稣受难日——另一场猛烈风暴袭击密西西比州格林维尔，一场派对在该镇最好的住宅之一举行。
As the rain intensified, guests were drawn to the windows.
随着雨越下越大，客人们都被吸引到窗户边。
Just beyond their view the Mississippi River was rising to unprecedented heights.
就在他们的视线之外，密西西比河正在上涨到前所未有的高度。
A burst of thunder shook the house and the party fell silent.
一阵雷声震动了整个房子，聚会陷入了沉默。
All eyes turned to one man-LeRoy Percy.
所有的目光都转向了一个人——勒罗伊·珀西。
The former senator was one of the most powerful planters in the Mississippi Delta.
这位前参议员是密西西比三角洲最有权势的种植园主之一。
"Senator Percy," one woman asked, "will the levees hold?" Percy gathered a group of men and rushed to the levee protecting Greenville from the river.
“珀西参议员，”一位女士问道，“堤坝能守住吗？”珀西召集了一群人，冲向保护格林维尔免受河水侵袭的堤坝。
The levee was holding, but barely.
堤坝虽然坚守，但勉强坚守。
Staring at the angry water, Percy could see that an epic battle was looming-pitting man against nature.
珀西盯着愤怒的河水，看出一场史诗般的战斗即将来临——人类与自然的对决。
What he couldn't see was that a human storm was also approaching-one that would pit money against honor, black man against white, even father against son.
他没有看到的是，一场人类风暴也正在逼近——一场金钱与荣誉、黑人与白人、甚至父亲与儿子对立的风暴。
The people of the Delta fear God and the Mississippi, a saying goes.
有句话说，三角洲人民敬畏上帝和密西西比河。
The river punishes with great destruction and rewards with great wealth.
河流惩罚以巨大的破坏，并奖励以巨大的财富。
Floodwaters leave behind some of the most lush and fertile soil on earth.
洪水留下了地球上最茂盛、最肥沃的土壤。
For half a century after the civil war, Delta planters had been richly rewarded by the river.
内战结束后的半个世纪里，三角洲种植园主们从这条河中获得了丰厚的回报。
By the early 1900's, they presided over one of the most productive cotton growing regions in the world.
到 1900 年代初期，他们统治着世界上产量最高的棉花种植区之一。
In an age when cotton was king, self-styled planter aristocrats ruled their domains like feudal lords.
在棉花为王的时代，自封的种植园贵族像封建领主一样统治着他们的领地。
The most ambitious of them all-was LeRoy Percy.
其中最有野心的是勒罗伊·珀西。
His empire extended far beyond the cotton fields to the boardrooms of railroads and banks.
他的帝国远远超出了棉田，延伸到了铁路和银行的董事会。
As a prominent lawyer and businessman, he was determined to bring the plantation economy into the 20th century.
作为一位著名的律师和商人，他决心将种植园经济带入20世纪。
John Barry, Historian: LeRoy Percy saw the Delta as this great, bursting, industrial region.
约翰·巴里（John Barry），历史学家：勒罗伊·珀西（LeRoy Percy）将三角洲视为一个伟大的、蓬勃发展的工业地区。
But the industry in the Delta was agriculture.
但三角洲的工业是农业。
That did not mean that it would be any less efficient than a Northern factory.
这并不意味着它的效率会比北方工厂低。
It would operate with every bit as much efficiency.
它将以同样高的效率运行。
And of course the labor was the key to that.
当然，劳动力是其中的关键。
John Tigrett, Resident: It was mighty easy to make a living with cotton.
约翰·蒂格雷特（John Tigrett），居民：靠棉花谋生非常容易。
And you had the benefit of human labor there that was about as inexpensive as you could get.
在那里你可以享受到尽可能便宜的人力的好处。
And these big plantations, they'd have thousands of these blacks that worked on there.
在这些大种植园里，有成千上万的黑人在那里工作。
I mean that you couldn't raise it without the blacks, without human labor there, you couldn't exist -- not only important, it was vital.
我的意思是，如果没有黑人，没有人类劳动，你就无法养活它，你就不可能存在——不仅重要，而且至关重要。
Narrator: The plantation system offered African-Americans work -- but very little else.
旁白：种植园制度为非裔美国人提供了工作——但除此之外几乎没有什么。
Most families scraped out a living from sharecropping.
大多数家庭靠佃农谋生。
The planters provided a small plot of land.
种植园主提供了一小块土地。
Everything else was advanced on credit and deducted from the worker's share of the crop.
其他一切都以信贷形式预付，并从工人的收成份额中扣除。
It was a system ripe for abuse.
这是一个容易被滥用的制度。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: It was known on some plantations that the only thing that the people would gather in life is what you would call three m's-meat, meal and molasses.
米尔德里德准将，居民：众所周知，在一些种植园里，人们在生活中收集的唯一东西就是所谓的“三米”——肉、粗粉和糖蜜。
And they would work from sun up to sun down and when the season was over the only thing they had left was an indebtment of $400-$500 -- something they couldn't afford.
他们从早到晚工作，当赛季结束时，他们唯一剩下的就是 400-500 美元的债务——这是他们无力承担的。
Because the white owners, see, during the time they had worked for the seed that season, they had used up all the meat, meal and molasses.
因为白人主人，看，在那个季节他们为种子工作的时间里，他们用完了所有的肉、粗粉和糖蜜。
But they had nothing, and when I say nothing, I mean nothing.
但他们什么也没有，当我什么也不说时，我就什么也没有了。
Pete Daniel, Historian: The planters looked at black people as workers.
皮特·丹尼尔，历史学家：种植园主将黑人视为工人。
They looked at black people as people who should be willing and eager to work for them to produce their cotton and when they weren't eager they could be coerced.
他们认为黑人应该愿意并渴望为他们生产棉花而工作，而当他们不渴望时，他们可能会被强迫。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: Well, I won't call his name, but there was a plantation owner that carried a bullwhip all the time and he spoke with that whip.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），居民：嗯，我不会叫他的名字，但是有一个种植园主一直拿着一根长鞭，他用那根鞭子说话。
And I seen him beat the blacks on Washington Avenue because they didn't get out of his way.
我看到他在华盛顿大街击败黑人，因为他们没有给他让路。
Narrator: Like his fellow planters, LeRoy Percy feared losing his black labor force.
旁白：和他的种植园主同胞一样，勒罗伊·珀西也担心失去黑人劳动力。
But unlike many, he believed, the best way to keep African-Americans in the Delta was to treat them fairly.
但他认为，与许多人不同的是，让非洲裔美国人留在三角洲的最好办法是公平对待他们。
Decency, Percy insisted, was part of the Southern code of honor.
珀西坚持认为，正派是南方荣誉准则的一部分。
Margaret Washington, Historian: The Percys had a sense of noblesse oblige.
玛格丽特·华盛顿，历史学家：珀西家族有一种贵族义务感。
They thought of themselves as having more empathy with people of African descent.
他们认为自己对非洲人后裔更有同情心。
They saw themselves as being more understanding, more tolerant of them, more friendly with them, they saw themselves as being noblesse oblige incarnate.
他们认为自己更加理解、更加宽容、更加友好，他们认为自己是贵族义务的化身。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: They were real business people.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），居民：他们是真正的商人。
The Percys were real business people.
珀西一家是真正的商人。
They knew that their livelihood came from the blacks, so why destroy what makes you money?
他们知道他们的生计来自黑人，那么为什么要毁掉那些能让你赚钱的东西呢？
That's how I looked at it.
我就是这么看的。
So it was all business.
所以这都是生意。
Narrator: In 1910 LeRoy Percy took his views on race relations and business to Washington, when he was appointed to a vacant Senate seat.
旁白：1910 年，勒罗伊·珀西 (LeRoy Percy) 向华盛顿表达了他对种族关系和商业的看法，当时他被任命担任空缺的参议院席位。
A year later, Percy ran for reelection against a bitter political enemy.
一年后，珀西与死敌竞选连任。
Former Mississippi Governor, James K.
前密西西比州州长 James K.
Vardaman, was a populist and an unapologetic racist.
瓦尔达曼是一位民粹主义者和毫无歉意的种族主义者。
"If it is necessary," he warned, "every Negro in the state will be lynched to maintain white supremacy." Vardaman defeated Percy in a landslide.
“如果有必要，”他警告说，“该州的每个黑人都将被私刑处死，以维护白人至上。”瓦尔达曼以压倒性优势击败了珀西。
Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Biographer: The effect of the defeat of 1911 on LeRoy Percy was to send him into the deepest gloom he'd probably ever experienced.
伯特伦·怀亚特·布朗 (Bertram Wyatt-Brown)，传记作者：1911 年的失败对勒罗伊·珀西的影响是让他陷入了他可能经历过的最深的忧郁之中。
He felt that he had let down the side so to speak, that his honor had been violated.
他觉得自己辜负了对方，他的名誉受到了侵犯。
Because not only had he lost the election, but he'd come in third.
因为他不仅输掉了选举，而且还获得了第三名。
A sitting senator coming in third.
一位现任参议员排在第三位。
Narrator: Retreating to Washington County, LeRoy resumed his work and consoled himself with the diversions of a country gentleman.
旁白：勒罗伊撤退到华盛顿县后，继续工作，并以乡村绅士的消遣来安慰自己。
John Barry, Historian: LeRoy was a classic man's man.
历史学家约翰·巴里：勒罗伊是一位典型的男人中的男人。
Hunted, fished, played poker and he knew how to operate.
打猎、钓鱼、打扑克，他都知道如何操作。
He was not naive about anything.
他对任何事情都不天真。
And as his son said, no one ever made the mistake of thinking he wasn't dangerous.
正如他儿子所说，没有人会错误地认为他不危险。
Narrator: LeRoy's commanding personality was altogether different from that of his only son and heir, William Alexander Percy.
旁白：勒罗伊的威严性格与他唯一的儿子兼继承人威廉·亚历山大·珀西完全不同。
Soft-spoken and introspective, Will was ill-suited to the stringent code of Southern manhood.
威尔说话轻声细语，性格内向，不适合严格的南方男子气概。
Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Biographer: He felt himself an outsider, almost from the start.
伯特伦·怀亚特·布朗（Bertram Wyatt-Brown），传记作者：他几乎从一开始就觉得自己是个局外人。
He worshiped his father.
他崇拜他的父亲。
He thought he was the grandest man, and the most heroic that one could possibly have.
他认为自己是最伟大的人，也是最有英雄气概的人。
At the same time, he thought I'll never be like him, and I should.
与此同时，他认为我永远不会像他一样，而我应该这样做。
It's my duty as a Percy to be as much like my father as possible, but he couldn't.
作为珀西，我有责任尽可能地像我父亲，但他做不到。
It wasn't in his nature.
这不是他的本性。
John Barry, Historian: He was smaller, physically.
历史学家约翰·巴里：他的体格较小。
He saw no pleasure whatsoever in hunting or fishing.
他看不到打猎或钓鱼有任何乐趣。
Would never go on these trips, even as a young boy he wouldn't go with his father.
永远不会去这些旅行，即使作为一个小男孩，他也不会和他的父亲一起去。
He was a poet, uh, and he was he was gay.
他是一位诗人，呃，而且他是同性恋。
Narrator: Will had tried to live up to his father's expectations.
旁白：威尔试图不辜负父亲的期望。
He went to Harvard, earned a law degree, served with valor in WWI, and joined his father's law practice in Greenville.
他进入哈佛大学，获得了法律学位，在一战中英勇服役，并加入了父亲在格林维尔的律师事务所。
But, in his own mind he never measured up.
但是，在他自己看来，他从未达到标准。
"It was hard having such a dazzling father," Will recalled, "no wonder I longed to be a hermit." Will often walked alone on the levee, his thoughts turning to poetry.
“有一个如此耀眼的父亲真是太难了，”威尔回忆道，“难怪我渴望成为一名隐士。”威尔经常独自走在堤坝上，他的思绪转向诗歌。
"What I wrote," he explained, "seemed more essentially myself than anything I did or said."
“我写的东西，”他解释道，“看起来比我所做或所说的任何事情都更本质上是我自己。”
Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Biographer: Will Percy wrote a piece called "Falling Leaves." And he wrote about how he was walking along the riverbank and he says, "I know it is Fall because I am loneliest now.
伯特伦·怀亚特·布朗，传记作者：威尔·珀西写了一篇名为《落叶》的文章。他写下了自己沿着河岸行走的情景，他说：“我知道现在是秋天，因为我现在最孤独。
I go home to my family and I see my mother pacing up and down, and my father saying hush, don't say those things." It's a very moving piece of writing, but uh, it indicates how he recognized his parents' dissatisfaction with him, and his inability to do anything about it, and even to speak of it was impossible.
我回到家人身边，看到母亲在来回踱步，父亲则说嘘，别说那些话。”这是一篇很感人的文章，但是呃，这表明他如何认识到父母对他的不满，而他却无能为力，甚至说起来都是不可能的。
Narrator: Despite his feelings, Will continued to live in his father's house on Percy Street-placing the family empire above his own happiness.
旁白：尽管有这样的感受，威尔仍然继续住在他父亲位于珀西街的房子里——将家族帝国置于自己的幸福之上。
In the spring of 1922, that empire would come under direct attack.
1922 年春天，这个帝国将受到直接攻击。
The Ku Klux Klan was gaining ground throughout the country.
三K党正在全国各地蔓延。
Klan supporters dominated the state governments of Colorado and Indiana.
三K党支持者主导了科罗拉多州和印第安纳州政府。
They helped elect the governors of a dozen states.
他们帮助选举了十几个州的州长。
By the 1920's, the Klan had swept over the Mississippi hill country and several counties in the Delta.
到 1920 年代，三K党席卷了密西西比山区和三角洲的几个县。
They now challenged LeRoy Percy in his own domain.
他们现在在勒罗伊·珀西自己的领域挑战他。
Percy despised the Klan.
珀西鄙视三K党。
They attacked those closest to him.
他们袭击了他最亲近的人。
His wife was a Catholic.
他的妻子是天主教徒。
His business partner -- a Jew.
他的商业伙伴——一个犹太人。
His empire dependent on black labor.
他的帝国依赖黑人劳动力。
When he learned of a planned Klan rally in Greenville, LeRoy decided to fight back.
当勒罗伊得知三K党计划在格林维尔举行集会时，他决定反击。
On March 1, 1922 a tense crowd packed the Greenville courthouse.
1922 年 3 月 1 日，紧张的人群挤满了格林维尔法院。
The Klansman spoke first.
三K党成员首先发言。
John Barry, Historian: The Klansman starts out with his usual spiel.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：三K党成员以他惯用的长篇大论开始。
He's against the Catholics, the Pope's got this plot here, the Jews are doing that, the blacks are a threat to Southern womanhood -- it was a rousing speech.
他反对天主教徒，教皇在这里搞了这个阴谋，犹太人正在这样做，黑人对南方女性构成威胁——这是一个激动人心的演讲。
It had never been opposed.
从来没有遭到过反对。
Narrator: Will watched his father step up to the podium.
旁白：威尔看着他的父亲走上讲台。
No one knew what to expect.
没有人知道会发生什么。
John Barry, Historian: He starts out with humor.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：他从幽默开始。
He goes on to say that he's got a partner who's a Jew, and he agrees that the Jews need to be held in line because he points out, that his Jewish partner had loaned $150,000 to people who had lived in Washington County at below market interest rates.
他接着说，他有一个犹太人合伙人，他同意犹太人需要遵守规则，因为他指出，他的犹太合伙人以低于市场利率的利率向居住在华盛顿县的人们贷款了 15 万美元。
And Percy had a real problem with that.
珀西对此有一个真正的问题。
Uh, so all of a sudden he's got the audience laughing.
呃，突然间他让观众笑了。
And he starts mocking the Klan.
他开始嘲笑三K党。
In the end however, he gets serious.
然而最终，他变得严肃起来。
Narrator: "I know the terror the Klan embodies for our Negro population" Percy declared, "and I am here to plead against it.
旁白：“我知道三K党对我们的黑人带来的恐惧，”珀西宣称，“我来这里是为了反对它。
We have feasted together at the weddings of our young people.
我们在年轻人的婚礼上一起享用过盛宴。
We have stood together around the graves of our loved ones.
我们一起站在亲人的坟墓周围。
We have stood together and undivided."
我们团结一致，不可分割。”
John Barry, Historian: And he asks even the Klansman, he said, we want you to come home, come back to this community, leave the Klan.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：他甚至问三K党成员，他说，我们希望你回家，回到这个社区，离开三K党。
Uh, it was just a tremendous speech.
呃，这只是一场精彩的演讲。
Narrator: "At the close of Father's speech," Will wrote, "the crowd went wild-shouting and cheering." That evening, they passed a resolution condemning the Klan.
旁白：“父亲演讲结束时，”威尔写道，“人群爆发出疯狂的叫喊和欢呼。”当天晚上，他们通过了一项谴责三K党的决议。
Tony Dunbar, Author: This didn't happen anywhere else in the South.
托尼·邓巴（Tony Dunbar），作者：这种情况在南方其他任何地方都没有发生过。
That the leadership of a rural community would stand up and confront and defeat the Ku Klux Klan at that period is unprecedented.
在那个时期，一个农村社区的领导层能够站出来对抗并击败三K党，这是史无前例的。
Narrator: "Our town was saved," Will wrote, "righteousness had prevailed." LeRoy's victory had brought the Percys closer together -- uniting them with a sense of honor and purpose.
旁白：“我们的城镇得救了，”威尔写道，“正义获胜了。”勒罗伊的胜利拉近了珀西家族的距离，让他们以荣誉感和使命感团结在一起。
But the Mississippi River would soon threaten Greenville and test the bond between father and son.
但密西西比河很快就会威胁到格林维尔并考验父子之间的纽带。
In the autumn of 1926 violent storms pelted the northern United States engorging streams and rivers.
1926 年秋天，猛烈的风暴袭击了美国北部，导致溪流和河流泛滥。
The arteries drained south funneling the waters of a continent into the Mississippi.
动脉向南排水，将大陆的水域注入密西西比河。
By March 1927 huge swells reached the top of the Delta.
1927 年 3 月，巨浪到达三角洲顶部。
Greenville was only a hundred miles down-river.
格林维尔距河下游仅一百英里。
John Barry, Historian: Just imagine a force that's more than a mile wide, maybe a hundred feet deep and it's moving at nine miles an hour.
历史学家约翰·巴里：想象一下有一股超过一英里宽、可能一百英尺深的力量，并且以每小时九英里的速度移动。
Think of what's behind that.
想想这背后是什么。
Clearly, it is something to be feared.
显然，这是令人恐惧的事情。
I mean it's the greatest geological force in the United States.
我的意思是它是美国最强大的地质力量。
Narrator: It was a force the Army Corps of Engineers thought it could control.
旁白：这是一支陆军工程兵团认为可以控制的部队。
The Corps had built levees, some four stories high -- on both banks of the river -- running the 1,100-mile span from Cairo, Illinois, to New Orleans.
军团在河两岸修建了约四层楼高的堤坝，横跨从伊利诺伊州开罗到新奥尔良的 1,100 英里长。
John Barry, Historian: If you looked at these levees at low water, they looked like great, impregnable, fortresses.
历史学家约翰·巴里：如果你在低水位时观察这些堤坝，它们看起来就像是巨大的、坚不可摧的堡垒。
In 1926 for the first time in the official report of the Army Engineers, they say that they are now in a position to prevent the damaging impact of floods on the lower Mississippi Valley.
1926 年，陆军工程兵在官方报告中首次表示，他们现在能够防止洪水对密西西比河谷下游造成破坏性影响。
Classic hubris.
经典的傲慢。
Narrator: April brought record downpours.
旁白：四月带来了创纪录的倾盆大雨。
By the middle of the month, the first government-built levee crumbled in Dorena, Missouri.
到本月中旬，密苏里州多雷纳的第一座政府修建的堤坝垮塌了。
The surge of water pushed south bursting more levees, flooding more than a million acres of land and leaving 50,000 people homeless.
汹涌的洪水向南冲去，冲垮了更多的堤坝，淹没了超过一百万英亩的土地，导致五万人无家可归。
The Delta was next.
三角洲是下一个。
Pete Daniel, Historian: So here comes this crest down the river at such a volume that some rivers are actually backing up because the Mississippi is so full of water that, for example, the Arkansas River, it starts flowing backward because the Mississippi is so high it pushes it back.
历史学家皮特·丹尼尔：这个波峰顺流而下，水量如此之大，以至于一些河流实际上正在倒退，因为密西西比河充满了水，例如阿肯色河，它开始倒流，因为密西西比河的水位太高，将其推回。
So that's the kind of water we're talking about, this enormous amount of water coming down the river.
这就是我们正在谈论的水，大量的水顺流而下。
Irene LeLouis, Resident: When that river gets to the top of the levee is lapping over, it is guarded.
艾琳·勒路易斯（Irene LeLouis），居民：当河流冲到堤坝顶部时，它就会被守卫起来。
Arkansas people guard the levee against Mississippi people; Mississippi people guard the levee against the Arkansas people.
阿肯色州人守卫堤坝，抵御密西西比州人；密西西比人守卫堤坝，抵御阿肯色州人。
Afraid somebody will blow the levee and turn the water loose on the other side.
害怕有人会炸毁堤坝，让对岸的水流散。
If I blow your side of the levee, you're going to get washed off of the face of the Earth and I'm going to stay dry, because the water didn't come my way.
如果我把你这边的堤坝吹掉，你就会从地球表面被冲走，而我会保持干燥，因为水没有流到我的方向。
It went your way.
它如你所愿。
Narrator: The wall of water kept pushing south.
旁白：水墙不断向南推进。
Levees began to collapse along the Arkansas River.
阿肯色河沿岸的堤坝开始崩塌。
It was already the worst flood on record and it was aiming all its force at Greenville.
这已经是有记录以来最严重的洪水，它的全部力量都瞄准了格林维尔。
In desperation, Percy and his fellow planters pulled their workers from the fields to do battle with the river.
无奈之下，珀西和他的种植园主同伴们把他们的工人从田地里拉出来，去与河流搏斗。
They became part of an army of 30,000 men, including convicts, who struggled to raise the height of the levees with rows of sandbags.
他们加入了一支由 30,000 人组成的军队，其中包括囚犯，他们奋力用一排排沙袋抬高堤坝的高度。
Still, the river continued to rise.
尽管如此，河水仍在继续上涨。
When even more men were needed on the levees, Greenville's police resorted to force.
当堤坝上需要更多人员时，格林维尔警察诉诸武力。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: They started going through Greenville and taking all of the black men -- this is another thing that I can remember so plainly -- all of the black people, even kids out of school, to go and protect the levee and almost man for man or boy for boy the whites had guns on and the others had nothing but picks and shovels.
米尔德里德准将，居民：他们开始穿过格林维尔，带走所有的黑人——这是我记得很清楚的另一件事——所有的黑人，甚至是失学的孩子，去保护堤坝，几乎是一个男人一个男人或一个男孩对男孩，白人拿着枪，其他人除了镐和铲子什么也没有。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: Shotguns, they just herded them up and drove them to the levee.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），居民：霰弹枪，他们只是把他们赶到堤坝上。
Right down Nelson Street, that was the Negro drag at the time and they just got them off the streets and just carried them right down to the levee, started them to work.
就在纳尔逊街，那是当时的黑人拖累，他们只是把他们从街道上运下来，然后直接带到堤坝上，开始他们工作。
Narrator: White residents began to panic.
旁白：白人居民开始恐慌。
Those who could afford it boarded trains leaving the region.
那些负担得起的人登上了离开该地区的火车。
Upriver from Greenville, at a great bend in the river -- the Mounds Landing levee was showing signs of trouble.
格林维尔上游，在河流的一个大拐弯处，Mounds Landing 堤坝出现了问题的迹象。
On Good Friday, the Delta was battered by the most savage storm of them all.
耶稣受难日那天，三角洲遭受了最猛烈的风暴袭击。
As much as 15 inches of rain fell in 18 hours.
18 小时内降雨量多达 15 英寸。
One resident recorded in his diary, "Heaven spare us!" The Mounds Landing levee was beginning to crumble.
一位居民在日记中写道：“老天饶了我们吧！” Mounds Landing 堤坝开始崩塌。
Pete Daniel, Historian: It's cold, damp, raining.
历史学家皮特·丹尼尔：天气寒冷、潮湿，还下着雨。
The break is increasing.
休息时间正在增加。
The water's washing over top of the levee and, according to some accounts, the-the levee starts feeling loose.
水冲过堤坝，根据一些说法，堤坝开始松动。
John Barry, Historian: The water started rising an inch an hour.
历史学家约翰·巴里：水位开始以每小时一英寸的速度上升。
That's fast.
那很快。
That's two feet a day.
也就是一天两英尺。
There is a limit to how high you can build sandbags.
沙袋的建造高度是有限制的。
Billy Payne, Resident: They didn't think it was going to hold.
居民比利·佩恩 (Billy Payne)：他们认为这种情况不会持续下去。
In fact, it was getting worse by the minute.
事实上，情况每分钟都在变得更糟。
They throwing all the sandbags in there they could, and it just, but it just kept getting bigger and bigger and they couldn't stop it.
他们把所有能扔的沙袋都扔进去，但沙袋变得越来越大，他们无法阻止。
John Barry, Historian: The men working on the sandbags know full well that there's no way that this thing is going to hold...
约翰·巴里，历史学家：在沙袋上工作的人们非常清楚，这东西不可能固定下来......
and they start to abandon their position, and the national guard officer orders rifles held on them and threatens to shoot them if they leave.
他们开始放弃自己的阵地，国民警卫队军官命令用步枪对着他们，并威胁说如果他们离开就开枪射击他们。
John Tigrett, Resident: And these fellows were filling their sacks with sand.
约翰·蒂格雷特（John Tigrett），居民：这些家伙正在他们的麻袋里装满沙子。
And my stepfather, he noticed that at the bottom of the levee some water started coming out.
我的继父注意到堤坝底部开始有水流出。
And he grabbed my hand.
他抓住了我的手。
Grabbed my arm I guess and he said, run Johnny boy.
我想他抓住了我的手臂，他说，快跑，约翰尼男孩。
Run for your life.
为你的生命而奔跑。
John Barry, Historian: And the levee starts shaking and rumbling.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：堤坝开始震动并隆隆作响。
And men start running and all of a sudden, a big section of the levee, several hundred feet wide, just sort of pushes out, and carries men with it.
人们开始奔跑，突然间，数百英尺宽的大堤被推出来，并带走了人们。
John Tigrett, Resident: You could hear them screaming, yelling, blood curdling levels.
约翰·蒂格雷特（John Tigrett），居民：你可以听到他们尖叫、叫喊，声音达到令人毛骨悚然的程度。
And uh, they were gone.
呃，他们走了。
See, you let the Mississippi out, and uh, you could almost hear it yelling.
看，你把密西西比河放了出来，呃，你几乎可以听到它的叫声。
It's free.
它是免费的。
I'm free again.
我又自由了。
And man it came out with a roar.
伙计，它发出一声吼叫。
Oh.
哦。
My step-father said to me, God damn, now remember Johnny boy, you'll have a lot of close calls in your life, you're not going to have any closer one than this one tonight.
我的继父对我说，该死的，现在记住约翰尼男孩，你的一生中会有很多千钧一发的机会，今晚你不会有比这更接近的机会了。
Narrator: The break at Mounds Landing released more than double the volume of Niagara Falls.
旁白：Mounds Landing 的破裂释放出尼亚加拉大瀑布体积的两倍多。
It flooded an area 50 miles wide and 100 miles long.
洪水淹没了 50 英里宽、100 英里长的地区。
It put water over the tops of houses in Yazoo city -- 75 miles away.
洪水淹没了 75 英里外亚祖市的房屋顶部。
The deluge was cascading south through the cotton fields of Washington County.
洪水正向南流过华盛顿县的棉田。
It was only a matter of hours before the water reached Greenville-inundating the city from the rear.
仅仅几个小时后，洪水就从后方淹没了格林维尔。
LeRoy Percy now faced total disaster.
勒罗伊·珀西现在面临着彻底的灾难。
The river was seizing his empire.
河流正在夺取他的帝国。
Up in his room, LeRoy's son was writing poetry.
勒罗伊的儿子在他的房间里写诗。
Will had been working feverishly through the night.
威尔整个晚上都在狂热地工作。
"I was in a writer's tantrum," he would later confess.
“我像个作家一样发脾气，”他后来承认。
The water rolled towards Greenville, wiping out whole forests and farms.
洪水滚向格林维尔，摧毁了整个森林和农场。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: It was a sight to see, there's no doubt about it.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），居民：这是一个值得一看的景象，毫无疑问。
It's hard to describe.
很难描述。
It's just...it just had a force to it.
只是……它有一股力量。
It was just (MAKES NOISE).
只是（发出噪音）。
Josephine Thomas, Resident: Oh, my Lord.
约瑟芬·托马斯（Josephine Thomas），住院医师：哦，天哪。
It was coming from every which way.
它从四面八方传来。
I was so scared.
我很害怕。
I didn't know what had happened.
我不知道发生了什么事。
I'll tell you the truth.
我会告诉你真相。
Come late that evening, you couldn't see nothing but water, and you had people hollering, you know scared and running every which way, you know.
那天晚上很晚，除了水，你什么也看不见，人们大喊大叫，你知道，他们害怕，四散奔逃，你知道。
And people get in their boats and things and go searching for them.
人们钻进他们的船和东西去寻找它们。
David Cober, Resident: When it got light enough for us to see, you could see horses, cows and dogs and everything else, right in that water, drowning.
居民戴维·科伯 (David Cober)：当天色亮到我们能看见的时候，你可以看到马、牛、狗和其他一切东西都在水里淹死了。
I thought we was all going to drown.
我以为我们都会被淹死。
Narrator: The flood finally reached Greenville in the early morning hours of Friday, April 22.
旁白：4 月 22 日星期五凌晨，洪水终于到达格林维尔。
Sarah Percy, Resident: I looked up and said, oh, I see it coming.
莎拉·珀西（Sarah Percy），住院医师：我抬起头说，哦，我看到它来了。
It's coming.
它来了。
And it was creeping into the gutters.
它正在爬进排水沟。
But it was coming fast.
但它来得很快。
Not heavy waves, just seeping in, but I tell you, seeping in a hurry.
不是大浪，只是渗进去，但我告诉你，渗得很匆忙。
Narrator: Ten feet of water inundated downtown.
旁白：十英尺深的水淹没了市中心。
The current at the intersection of Broadway and Main turned deadly.
百老汇和主干道交叉口的水流变得致命。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: You could just see the livestock floating dead in the waters.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），居民：你可以看到牲畜死在水中。
You know young children at that time knew everybody's horse and everybody's cow, you'd say, there goes Mr. Fowler's cow, there goes Mr. Williams' horse, you know just bloated and floating.
你知道当时的小孩子知道每个人的马和每个人的牛，你会说，福勒先生的牛去了，威廉姆斯先生的马去了，你知道只是臃肿和漂浮。
Narrator: Some residents found safety in the upper floors of stores and churches.
旁白：一些居民在商店和教堂的上层找到了安全感。
Others clung to rooftops.
其他人则紧贴屋顶。
Anyone with a boat was pressed into service.
任何有船的人都被迫服役。
John Tigrett, Resident: I had a sea sled at that time with about a 25 or 30 horse power motor and I became a rescue captain.
约翰·蒂格雷特（John Tigrett），居民：当时我有一个海上雪橇，配有大约 25 或 30 马力的发动机，我成为了一名救援队长。
Which was a great event for me at that time, fourteen.
这对于当时十四岁的我来说是一件伟大的事情。
And so every day we had assigned certain routes, and we'd go out, pick these people up and bring them back to the high grounds and keep going on my route.
所以每天我们都会指定一定的路线，然后我们出去接这些人，把他们带回高地，然后继续沿着我的路线走。
Well I saw these three people.
嗯，我看到了这三个人。
Two kids and what I thought was a very fat black woman on top of a cotton house.
两个孩子，我以为是一个很胖的黑人女人，住在棉花房的顶上。
She got in.
她进去了。
She said, fore god that child my baby's coming.
她说，天哪，我的孩子就要来了。
And I said what did you say?
我说你说什么？
She said, I said fore god my baby's coming.
她说，我说老天爷我的孩子就要来了。
Well I said, can you just wait.
好吧，我说，你能等一下吗？
It'll only take forty minutes to get to get you to the high ground and they'll look after you.
只要四十分钟就能把你送到高地，他们会照顾你的。
She said no. She said he's coming now.
她说不。她说他现在就来。
And I thought what in the world.
我想这到底是怎么回事。
What I do?
我做什么？
And she said don't worry, said just be real gentle with it.
她说别担心，说要温柔地对待它。
Said just take his head and pull him slowly, and said he'll come on out.
说只要握住他的头，慢慢地拉他，然后说他会出来。
I'll push.
我会推。
And she pushed, and I pulled, and here was a little baby boy.
她推，我拉，这就是一个小男孩。
I then dipped him in the Mississippi River floodwater and uh, hit him a couple times, and he started crying.
然后我把他浸入密西西比河的洪水中，呃，打了他几次，他开始哭了。
And she says give him to me, I'll take him on my breast, and she lay down, she's still in the dirty water, and she took this baby and put him on her breast.
她说把他给我，我把他抱在胸前，然后她躺了下来，她还在脏水里，她抱起这个婴儿，把他放在她的胸前。
Well, I think I cried.
嗯，我想我哭了。
That's all I remember.
我只记得这些。
Uh, my first experience at being a midwife.
呃，我第一次当助产士的经历。
Anyway, I untied the boat and when we got close to the high ground I hollered I said look I've got a new baby, just born, got the mother up, and as she stepped out of the boat, she turned to me and said what's your name son?
不管怎样，我解开了船，当我们接近高地时，我喊道，我说看，我有一个刚出生的婴儿，把母亲扶起来，当她走出船时，她转向我说儿子你叫什么名字？
I said John.
我说约翰。
She said, I'm going to name this baby John.
她说，我要给这个孩子起名叫约翰。
That's the last I saw of her.
那是我最后一次见到她。
An amazing woman.
一个了不起的女人。
Bless her.
祝福她。
Amazing woman
了不起的女人
Narrator: "For 36 hours the Delta was in turmoil, in movement, in terror," Will wrote.
旁白：“长达 36 个小时的时间里，三角洲地区一直处于混乱、动乱和恐怖之中，”威尔写道。
"Then the water covered everything, and a great quiet settled down."
“然后水淹没了一切，一片寂静。”
"Father looked somberly over the drowning town," Will noted.
“父亲忧郁地看着这座即将被淹没的小镇，”威尔说道。
"He was tired."
“他累了。”
But there was work to do.
但还有工作要做。
LeRoy immediately began raising money for his devastated community, and appointed his son head of the flood relief committee.
勒罗伊立即开始为受灾社区筹集资金，并任命他的儿子为洪水救灾委员会主席。
The task before Will was enormous.
威尔面前的任务十分艰巨。
Up until now, Will was known only for being his father's son.
到目前为止，人们只知道威尔是他父亲的儿子。
Now at age forty-two, he would have the chance to prove himself worthy of the Percy name.
现在四十二岁的他将有机会证明自己配得上珀西这个名字。
Within days, the deluge had covered 27,000 square miles, an area the size of four New England states.
几天之内，洪水覆盖了 27,000 平方英里，相当于新英格兰四个州的面积。
"The flood," one preacher said, "had spread as wide as God's arms." More than a thousand people were dead.
“洪水，”一位传教士说，“蔓延得像上帝的手臂一样宽。”超过千人死亡。
Washington County was hardest hit.
华盛顿县受灾最严重。
The water washed away 7,200 buildings; damaged or destroyed thousands more.
洪水冲毁了 7,200 座建筑物；损坏或毁坏的还有数千人。
It displaced tens of thousands of people.
它导致数万人流离失所。
Josephine Thomas, Resident: We lose a few clothes and furniture.
约瑟芬·托马斯（Josephine Thomas），居民：我们丢失了一些衣服和家具。
We lost everything we had.
我们失去了我们拥有的一切。
What little we had.
我们所拥有的实在是太少了。
Ain't nobody had too much, but you know whatever it mean a whole lot to you because you ain't had nothing else.
不是没有人拥有太多，但你知道这对你来说意义重大，因为你没有其他任何东西。
Narrator: As the rescue efforts expanded, rowboats and skiffs followed power lines to farms and houses.
旁白：随着救援工作的扩大，划艇和小船沿着电线前往农场和房屋。
Many whites were evacuated from the region.
许多白人从该地区撤离。
Blacks were rounded up from the countryside and deposited on Greenville's levee -- a narrow island of high ground with the river on one side, and flooded land on the other.
黑人从乡村被围捕起来，并被安置在格林维尔的堤坝上——一座狭窄的高地岛屿，一侧是河流，另一侧是洪水泛滥的土地。
Two days after the Mounds Landing break, more than 10,000 refugees crammed the eight-foot-wide crown of the levee- in a line that stretched over five miles.
芒兹登陆溃决两天后，超过 10,000 名难民挤满了八英尺宽的堤坝，排成一条绵延五英里的队伍。
Pete Daniel, Historian: There were no tents to start with.
历史学家皮特·丹尼尔：一开始就没有帐篷。
It was just a few blankets to start with.
一开始只是几条毯子。
You can see them stretching across a little frame to try to make a tent-like place to stay out of the weather, which was really bad.
你可以看到它们伸展在一个小框架上，试图搭建一个类似帐篷的地方来躲避天气，这真的很糟糕。
It was April.
那是四月。
It was rainy.
下雨了。
It was cold.
天气很冷。
These people had been out in rescue boats.
这些人当时乘坐救援船出海。
It was miserable.
真是惨不忍睹。
The city's water supply was contaminated -- its food supply destroyed.
该市的水供应受到污染，食品供应遭到破坏。
With no sanitation facilities, the refugees were at risk for typhoid and cholera.
由于没有卫生设施，难民面临着伤寒和霍乱的危险。
For Will Percy, there was only one honorable course to take.
对于威尔·珀西来说，只有一门光荣的课程可供选择。
Evacuate the black refugees to safer havens down-river.
将黑人难民疏散到下游更安全的避难所。
Will immediately called a meeting of the town's relief committee.
威尔立即召集镇救济委员会召开会议。
Convinced that he spoke for his father, the committee agreed to Will's call for an evacuation order.
委员会确信他是代表他父亲发言，因此同意威尔发出疏散令的呼吁。
When a group of planters learned of the plan, they were furious.
当一群种植园主得知这个计划后，他们非常愤怒。
Afraid that they would lose their workers, they demanded that Will rescind the order.
由于担心失去工人，他们要求威尔撤销该命令。
The planters reasoned that if these people ever got away, they may never come back.
种植园主推断，如果这些人逃走，他们可能永远不会回来。
They wanted to ensure that they had laborers to try to finish out their cotton crop if the water went down that year.
他们希望确保，如果当年水位下降，他们有劳动力来完成棉花作物的收成。
This was a perfect example of that mentality that Mississippi planters had.
这是密西西比州种植园主这种心态的完美例子。
It didn't really matter if these people were uncomfortable.
这些人是否感到不舒服并不重要。
It didn't really matter if they were starving.
他们是否挨饿并不重要。
It probably wouldn't have really mattered a whole lot if a lot of 'em had died for one reason or another.
如果他们中的很多人因为这样或那样的原因而死亡，那可能也没什么大不了的。
They were gonna keep their laborers and that's just ruthless contempt for human beings.
他们要保留他们的劳工，这只是对人类的无情蔑视。
Narrator: Will was appalled by the planter's demands, and refused to budge.
旁白：威尔对种植园主的要求感到震惊，拒绝让步。
Undaunted, they took their case directly to his father.
他们毫不畏惧，直接将案子交给了他的父亲。
The next morning, LeRoy Percy went searching for his son.
第二天早上，勒罗伊·珀西去寻找他的儿子。
John Barry, Historian: LeRoy finds Will on the levee.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：勒罗伊在堤坝上发现了威尔。
It's a war scene.
这是战争场面。
There are refugees everywhere.
到处都有难民。
They begin to take a walk.
他们开始散步。
LeRoy is suggesting gently that perhaps evacuation was not the best decision to make.
勒罗伊温和地暗示，也许撤离并不是最好的决定。
Will is saying it's the only decision.
威尔说这是唯一的决定。
LeRoy disagrees.
勒罗伊不同意。
Will is stubborn, insists, there is no way he could do anything else.
威尔坚持认为，他很固执，他没有办法做任何其他事情。
Narrator: While they are talking, 500 white women and children are loaded on one of the barges and the loading of the blacks has begun.
旁白：正当他们说话的时候，一艘驳船上装载着 500 名白人妇女和儿童，黑人的装载工作也开始了。
Steamers and barges had come from all over the river.
汽船和驳船从河的四面八方赶来。
There are enough steamers essentially to evacuate the entire city in a day.
轮船的数量基本上可以在一天内疏散整个城市。
The captains are told to stand by.
船长们被告知待命。
Finally LeRoy gets out of Will one concession, that he will meet with that committee once again to discuss the decision before everyone is loaded.
最后，勒罗伊向威尔做出了一项让步，即他将在每个人都上岗之前再次与该委员会会面，讨论这一决定。
Then, without Will's knowledge, LeRoy approached each member of the relief committee.
然后，在威尔不知情的情况下，勒罗伊接触了救援委员会的每一位成员。
He too, feared that an exodus of blacks would prove disastrous.
他也担心黑人的外流会带来灾难性的后果。
His son, he said, had spoken only for himself.
他说，他的儿子只代表他自己说话。
When the committee reconvened a few hours later, they dealt Will a stunning blow.
几个小时后，当委员会再次召开会议时，他们给了威尔一个惊人的打击。
To a man -- the members now opposed the evacuation.
对于一个人来说——成员们现在反对撤离。
John Barry, Historian: Although he does not admit it he had to know right then at that moment that the only way this committee reversed himself, was because his father had betrayed him.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：尽管他不承认这一点，但他当时必须知道，这个委员会推翻自己的唯一方法是因为他的父亲背叛了他。
Had betrayed him personally.
背叛了他个人。
Had chosen Washington County and the empire he had built over his son.
选择了华盛顿县和他在儿子身上建立的帝国。
The evacuation is canceled; the steamboats that are standing by leave empty.
疏散被取消；待命的汽船空空如也。
Every captain absolutely infuriated, over the waste of time and resources.
每个船长都对浪费时间和资源感到非常愤怒。
Narrator: For Will, it was a wrenching moment.
旁白：对于威尔来说，这是一个痛苦的时刻。
Ever since he was a young boy, he had tried to live up to his father's ideals of honor and decency.
从他还是个小男孩的时候起，他就努力实现父亲关于荣誉和正派的理想。
Now those principles seemed to have lost their meaning.
现在这些原则似乎失去了意义。
The next day, April 26, an emissary from the federal government was on his way to Greenville.
第二天，即 4 月 26 日，联邦政府的一名特使正在前往格林维尔的途中。
Secretary of Commerce -- Herbert Hoover.
商务部长——赫伯特·胡佛。
He was in charge of coordinating what had become the largest rescue and relief operation in the nation's history.
他负责协调美国历史上最大规模的救援行动。
There were 600,000 refugees in the flood region.
洪灾地区有60万难民。
Food, supplies, and medical care would come from the Red Cross, which was setting up tent cities on high ground.
食品、物资和医疗服务将来自红十字会，红十字会正在高地搭建帐篷城市。
By the time Hoover arrived in Greenville, he was expecting to see an evacuation underway.
当胡佛抵达格林维尔时，他预计会看到疏散正在进行。
But when he met the younger Percy on the levee, Will proposed a completely different plan: Greenville would become a Red Cross distribution hub.
但当他在堤坝上遇到年轻的珀西时，威尔提出了一个完全不同的计划：格林维尔将成为红十字会的配送中心。
The blacks on the levee would provide the labor.
堤坝上的黑人将提供劳动力。
Hoover approved the new plan, then left town.
胡佛批准了新计划，然后离开了城镇。
For the whites who remained in Greenville, daily life was settling into a dreary routine.
对于留在格林维尔的白人来说，日常生活陷入了沉闷的日常生活。
A boardwalk was built throughout the downtown area.
整个市中心地区修建了一条木板路。
Some merchants opened up their doors for business.
一些商人开门营业。
For African-Americans, life was very different.
对于非裔美国人来说，生活非常不同。
The lucky few found shelter in towns.
少数幸运者在城镇找到了庇护所。
Most others were herded into tent cities patrolled by the National Guard.
大多数人被赶进由国民警卫队巡逻的帐篷城。
David Cober, Resident: You were on the levee and you stayed on the levee unless you got a pass to be able to go in to town.
David Cober，居民：你当时在堤坝上，并且一直留在堤坝上，除非你有通行证可以进城。
You had to have a tag on you.
你身上必须有一个标签。
You was tagged.
你被标记了。
When you got ready to give you a shot, you had to get another tag.
当你准备好尝试时，你必须获得另一个标签。
Your chest was full of tags.
你的胸口装满了标签。
You don't go nowhere unless you got permission to go.
除非得到许可，否则你哪儿也不能去。
You had to have a tag on you.
你身上必须有一个标签。
And it was just...it was really slavery.
这只是……这真的是奴隶制。
Narrator: Some guardsmen began to abuse their power.
旁白：一些警卫开始滥用权力。
Reports spread of beatings and rapes in the tent cities.
据报道，帐篷城内殴打和强奸事件蔓延。
Blacks outside the camps were infuriated, but powerless to help.
营地外的黑人被激怒了，但却无能为力。
David Cober, Resident: My own brother come down there to see about us, but he couldn't come in the camp.
大卫·科伯（David Cober），住院医师：我自己的兄弟过来看看我们，但他不能进入营地。
So I went down in the bushes to see him.
于是我就到灌木丛里去看他。
While I was down there.
当我在下面的时候。
One of them soldiers walked up on me, get up.
其中一名士兵向我走来，站起来。
Put the pistol on me.
把手枪放在我身上。
And my brother had a pistol too.
我哥哥也有一把手枪。
Now my brother wasn't a refugee, but my brother put the pistol on him and made him leave me alone.
现在我的兄弟不是难民了，但我的兄弟用手枪指着他，让他别管我。
And of course my brother hit the road, went on, came on back to Greenville.
当然，我哥哥上路了，继续前行，回到了格林维尔。
But it was some awful times.
但那是一些糟糕的时刻。
Narrator: A week into the flood, life in the camp was becoming unbearable.
旁白：洪水发生一周后，营地里的生活变得难以忍受。
Beyond the lines of tents, thousands of starving livestock shared the narrow stretch of levee.
帐篷外，数以千计的饥饿牲畜共享着狭窄的堤坝。
Dead animals were thrown into the foul water.
死去的动物被扔进污水里。
The stench was overwhelming.
恶臭令人难以忍受。
When the first Red Cross supplies arrived in Greenville, they were not distributed on the basis of need.
当第一批红十字会物资抵达格林维尔时，它们并未根据需要进行分配。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: The whites would take it, take what they wanted or give it to who they want, and naturally the whites had better means of getting it.
米尔德丽德准将，居民：白人会拿走它，拿走他们想要的东西，或者把它送给他们想要的人，自然地，白人有更好的手段来得到它。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: First come first serve with the whites.
Maurice Sisson，居民：白人先到先得。
Blacks, they were at the end of the line.
黑人，他们处于队伍的最后。
They got whatever was left.
他们得到了剩下的一切。
Sometime there was nothing left.
有时什么也没有留下。
Narrator: The National Red Cross grew concerned about Will's leadership and launched a secret investigation into profiteering and theft in Washington County.
旁白：国家红十字会越来越担心威尔的领导能力，并对华盛顿县的暴利和盗窃行为展开了秘密调查。
John Barry, Historian: Will lost control of the situation.
约翰·巴里，历史学家：威尔失去了对局势的控制。
There were ultimately 154 refugee camps run by the Red Cross.
最终共有 154 个难民营由红十字会管理。
Greenville, Mississippi became the single worst refugee camp of 154.
密西西比州格林维尔成为 154 个难民营中最差的一个。
Narrator: LeRoy Percy was not there to help his son.
旁白：勒罗伊·珀西没有去帮助他的儿子。
He was crisscrossing the country trying to rebuild the Delta's finances.
他在全国各地穿梭，试图重建三角洲地区的财政状况。
"To falter or fail now, he warned, "would mean the abandonment of an empire."
他警告说：“现在动摇或失败，“就意味着放弃一个帝国。”
In June, two months after the Mounds Landing break, the flood finally started to recede.
六月，即芒兹登陆溃决两个月后，洪水终于开始退去。
Some residents began returning to their homes.
一些居民开始返回家园。
More and more boatloads of Red Cross supplies were now arriving on the levee.
越来越多的红十字会物资抵达堤坝。
Will desperately needed laborers to unload the cargo.
威尔急需劳工来卸货。
Once again, city blacks were pressed into work gangs.
城市黑人再次被迫加入工作帮。
Maurice Sisson, Resident: They forced them into service and I think they could have gotten enough without it.
莫里斯·西森（Maurice Sisson），住院医师：他们强迫他们服役，我认为即使没有他们，他们也能得到足够的帮助。
But that was the only way they knew, and that was the quick way to do it, by force.
但这是他们知道的唯一方法，也是最快的方法，那就是使用武力。
"I became a dictator," Will recalled.
“我成了一个独裁者，”威尔回忆道。
"But the consciousness that my judgements were often wrong was a continuing nightmare."
“但意识到我的判断常常是错误的，这就是一场持续的噩梦。”
John Barry, Historian: There's all this internal hostility.
历史学家约翰·巴里：内部充满敌意。
He could not take this frustration out on his father.
他无法将这种挫败感发泄在父亲身上。
Will had been humiliated, and in his humiliation he began to humiliate uh, the black men and women and children on the levee and there was no place else for this frustration to go.
威尔受到了羞辱，在羞辱中，他开始羞辱呃，堤坝上的黑人男女和儿童，这种挫败感没有其他地方可以去。
Narrator: An influential black newspaper proclaimed that Will Percy's prejudice against blacks "is as bitter as gall."
旁白：一家有影响力的黑人报纸宣称威尔·珀西对黑人的偏见“如同胆汁一样痛苦”。
Two-and-a-half months into the flood, racial tensions came to a boil.
洪水发生两个半月后，种族紧张局势达到白热化。
John Barry, Historian: There was one black gentleman who actually had just gotten off the levee after working all night.
约翰·巴里（John Barry），历史学家：有一位黑人绅士实际上在工作了一整夜后刚刚离开堤坝。
He had gone back to his house to sleep.
他已经回屋睡觉了。
The police were going through the black neighborhoods, going looking for men to bring back to the levee.
警察正在穿过黑人社区，寻找男子并将其带回堤坝。
A police officer went up to this gentleman on his porch and told him to get into the truck.
一名警察在这位先生的门廊上走到他面前，让他上卡车。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: He told him, "You get up and go to work." And the answer was, "No. I've been to work." So he says, "You're supposed to work.
米尔德里德准将，住院医师：他告诉他，“你起床去上班。”答案是：“不。我去工作了。”所以他说：“你应该工作。
Go when I tell you." And the man got up to go in the house and he shot him down on his front porch.
当我告诉你的时候就去吧。”那人起身要进屋，然后在前廊上开枪射杀了他。
And I don't think it was a black person with dry eyes in that town.
而且我不认为那个镇上有一个眼睛干涩的黑人。
John Barry, Historian: All of a sudden in Greenville the whole city is electrified, incredibly tense over all this.
约翰·巴里（John Barry），历史学家：突然之间，在格林维尔，整个城市都变得紧张起来，这一切都令人难以置信。
Uh, there is real fear in the white community that, who are vastly outnumbered, that there is going to be a race war.
呃，白人社区确实担心，他们的人数远远落后于白人，他们担心将会发生种族战争。
Narrator: Will Percy marched into the center of the storm.
旁白：威尔·珀西走进了风暴的中心。
He called a meeting of the black community at a local church.
他在当地教堂召集了一次黑人社区会议。
When he arrived, the church was empty.
当他到达时，教堂里空无一人。
One at a time, the black leaders began to enter.
黑人领袖们开始陆续入场。
Amid an uneasy silence, Will rose to the pulpit.
在令人不安的沉默中，威尔站上讲坛。
The quiet poet suddenly transformed himself into an angry preacher.
安静的诗人突然变成了愤怒的传教士。
"You sit before me sour and full of hatred," Will declared.
“你坐在我面前，心情酸楚，充满仇恨，”威尔宣称。
"You think I am the murderer.
“你认为我是凶手。
I am not the murderer.
我不是凶手。
That foolish young policeman is not the murderer.
那个愚蠢的年轻警察不是凶手。
The murderer is you!
凶手就是你！
Your hands are dripping with blood."
你的双手沾满了鲜血。”
Margaret Washington, Historian: It was the most amazing speech that he could have made to the African American community.
玛格丽特·华盛顿，历史学家：这是他本可以向非裔美国人社区发表的最令人惊叹的演讲。
After all they had endured, after all the work they had done.
毕竟他们已经忍受了一切，在他们完成了所有的工作之后。
He told them that the city of Greenville had done them a great service.
他告诉他们，格林维尔市为他们提供了巨大的服务。
The city of Greenville had saved them, and how did they pay people back?
格林维尔市拯救了他们，他们如何回报人们？
They paid them back by being lazy, being indolent, and refusing to work.
他们以懒惰、懒惰和拒绝工作作为回报。
Narrator: He demanded that they all get on their knees and pray to God to forgive them for the murder of that poor black man.
旁白：他要求他们都跪下，祈求上帝原谅他们谋杀了那个可怜的黑人。
If you're going to keep your heel on the neck of thousands and thousands of people, and keep them as downtrodden laborers, ultimately you can't be nice about it.
如果你要把你的脚跟踩在成千上万的人的脖子上，让他们成为受压迫的劳动者，最终你就不会友善地对待它。
And that's what LeRoy Percy knew when it came down to it.
归根结底，这就是勒罗伊·珀西所知道的。
And that's what Will Percy was finding out, and going along with.
这就是威尔·珀西所发现并认同的。
The fragile bond between the Percys and Delta Blacks was broken.
珀西一家和三角洲布莱克一家之间脆弱的纽带被打破了。
"Our people have the most troubling road to travel," LeRoy Percy wrote to a friend.
勒罗伊·珀西在给朋友的信中写道：“我们的人民正在经历最艰难的道路。”
"Some will be able to make it.
“有些人能够成功。
Many, broken and discouraged, will fail." In a year and-a half Leroy was dead-his dream of empire swept away with the torrent of water.
许多人，破碎和灰心丧气，将会失败。”一年半后，勒罗伊去世了——他的帝国梦想被洪流冲走了。
Shortly after his speech at the church, Will Percy resigned as head of the Greenville Relief Committee.
在教堂演讲后不久，威尔·珀西辞去了格林维尔救济委员会主席的职务。
The following day, he left the Delta for an extended trip to Japan.
第二天，他离开三角洲前往日本进行长途旅行。
He would return to Greenville to rebuild his father's plantation.
他将返回格林维尔重建他父亲的种植园。
There, Will would live and die in the house where he was born.
在那里，威尔将在他出生的房子里生活和死去。
He would never write poetry again.
他再也不会写诗了。
For many African-Americans, the flood of 1927 marked the end of an era and the start of a journey.
对于许多非裔美国人来说，1927 年的洪水标志着一个时代的结束和一段旅程的开始。
As the Mississippi River finally retreated to its banks, they began heading north.
当密西西比河最终退到河岸时，他们开始向北行驶。
Mildred Commodore, Resident: When you go North, there were chances of work, you know, getting something.
米尔德里德准将，居民：当你去北方时，你知道，有机会工作，得到一些东西。
If they had remained there with cotton 50 cents a pound and meat, meal, and molasses, how long could they have existed?
如果他们留在那里，手里拿着每磅 50 美分的棉花、肉、粗粉和糖蜜，他们还能存在多久？
Maurice Sisson, Resident: So many people wanted to leave here to go to Chicago.
Maurice Sisson，居民：很多人想离开这里去芝加哥。
I believe some of them rode free so many got on the trains.
我相信他们中的一些人是免费乘坐的，所以很多人都上了火车。
In Greenville you had the train was at ground level, and they were pushing to get on the train.
在格林维尔，火车停在地面，他们正在努力上车。
I surely wanted to go to Chicago.
我当然想去芝加哥。
Everybody was going but me.
除了我之外，每个人都要去。
They just knew they were going to the promised land.
他们只知道他们要去应许之地。
Narrator: A great river of humanity was flowing out of the Delta.
旁白：一条人类的大河从三角洲流出。
Within a year of the flood, tens of thousands of sharecroppers would turn their backs on the planters of the Delta.
洪水发生一年之内，数以万计的佃农将背弃三角洲的种植园主。
The exodus LeRoy Percy had feared so long could not be stopped.
勒罗伊·珀西长期以来一直担心的人口外流无法阻止。
Footage from the 1927 flood, including shots of workers and aerial views of the flooding.
1927 年洪水的镜头，包括工人的镜头和洪水的鸟瞰图。
What was it like for the residents of the Mississippi Delta in spring 1927, as torrential rains fell and the river rose steadily to flood stage?
1927 年春天，暴雨倾盆，河水不断上涨，洪水泛滥，密西西比三角洲的居民经历了什么？
Percy ran both his law practice and plantations with a vengeance, and by the early 1900s he controlled plantations exceeding 20,000 acres.
珀西以复仇的态度经营他的律师事务所和种植园，到 1900 年代初，他控制了超过 20,000 英亩的种植园。
Will Percy attended Harvard Law School and returned home to practice law in the family's firm in Greenville, Mississippi as was expected of him.
威尔·珀西 (Will Percy) 就读于哈佛法学院，回到家乡后，按照人们对他的期望，在位于密西西比州格林维尔的家族律师事务所执业。
Elected Governor of Mississippi in 1903, James K.
1903 年，James K. 当选为密西西比州州长。
Vardaman rode to power on a wave of white populism and racist politics.
瓦尔达曼在白人民粹主义和种族主义政治浪潮中上台。
The Colored Advisory Commission's second report revealed that the government relief effort had made little progress in helping African Americans in the flooded areas.
有色人种咨询委员会的第二份报告显示，政府的救援工作在帮助洪水地区的非裔美国人方面几乎没有取得任何进展。
Mississippi was a hostile place for African Americans in the first part of the 20th century.
20 世纪上半叶，密西西比州对非裔美国人来说是一个充满敌意的地方。
In 1879 Congress created the Mississippi River Commission to oversee federal funds for flood control.
1879 年，国会成立了密西西比河委员会来监督联邦防洪资金。
At its inception, sharecropping in the Delta held the promise of a decent standard of living and independence.
从一开始，三角洲地区的佃农就有望带来体面的生活水平和独立。
Herbert Hoover appointed Robert Moton to investigate allegations of abuse in the flood area.
赫伯特·胡佛任命罗伯特·莫顿调查洪水地区的虐待指控。
As the flood waters rose, many blues artists were inspired to write songs about the disaster and describe the experience of being in a flood.
随着洪水上涨，许多布鲁斯艺术家受到启发，创作了有关这场灾难的歌曲并描述了洪水中的经历。
In 1927, the Mississippi River flooded from New Orleans to Illinois, leaving a million people homeless.
1927年，密西西比河从新奥尔良洪水泛滥到伊利诺伊州，导致一百万人无家可归。