The Donner Party
Alexis de Tocqueville (Actor, voice-over): : It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor Americans pursue prosperity.
亚历克西斯·德·托克维尔（演员，画外音）： 看到美国人以如此狂热的热情追求繁荣，真是很奇怪。
Ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.
曾经被一种隐隐的怀疑所折磨，他们可能没有选择最短的路线来获得它。
They cleave to the things of this world as if assured that they will never die, and yet rush to snatch any that comes within their reach as if they expected to stop living before they had relished them.
他们紧紧抓住这个世界上的事物，仿佛确信自己永远不会死，但又急于抢夺任何触手可及的东西，仿佛他们期望在享受它们之前就停止生命。
Death steps in, in the end, and stops them before they have grown tired of this futile pursuit of that complete felicity which always escapes them.
最终，死亡介入了，在他们厌倦这种徒劳地追求永远逃离他们的完全幸福之前阻止了他们。
Narrator: : It began in the 1840s, spurred on by financial panic in the East, by outbreaks of cholera and malaria and by the ceaseless American hankering to move west.
旁白： ：它始于 1840 年代，受到东方金融恐慌、霍乱和疟疾爆发以及美国人不断向西迁移的刺激。
When the pioneer movement began, fewer than 20,000 white Americans lived west of the Mississippi River.
当拓荒者运动开始时，居住在密西西比河以西的美国白人不到 20,000 人。
Ten years later, the immigration had swelled to a flood and before it was over, more than half a million men, women and children had stepped off into the wilderness at places like Independence, Missouri, and headed out over the long road to Oregon and California.
十年后，移民潮如潮水般涌来，在移民潮结束之前，超过五十万的男人、女人和儿童已经走进密苏里州独立城等地的荒野，并沿着漫长的道路前往俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州。
In places, their wagon wheels carved ruts shoulder deep in the rocky road.
在某些地方，马车的车轮在岩石路的肩部深处留下了车辙。
The settlers themselves knew they were making history.
定居者自己知道他们正在创造历史。
“It will be received,” one emigrant wrote, “as a legend on the borderland of myth.”
一位移民写道：“它将被视为神话边缘的传奇。”
But of all the stories to come out of the West, none has cut more deeply into the imagination of the American people than the tale of the Donner Party, high in the Sierra Nevada in the winter of 1846.
但在所有来自西方的故事中，没有一个比 1846 年冬天在内华达山脉高处发生的唐纳派对的故事更能深入美国人民的想象力。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : Human endeavor and failure, blunders, mistakes, ambition, greed: all the elements.
哈罗德·辛德勒（Harold Schindler），作家：：人类的努力和失败、失误、失误、野心、贪婪：所有要素。
And if you call the rescue of the surviving parties a happy ending, it’s a happy ending.
如果你把幸存各方的营救称为幸福结局，那就是幸福结局。
But what about those that didn’t make it, that -- terrible, terrible.
但那些没能成功的人呢，那就太糟糕了。
Joseph King, Historian: : I think we’re curious, you know, about people who’ve experienced hardship, who’ve gone through terrible ordeals, and certainly the Donner Party, you know, 87 people, went through a crisis the like of which few human beings have ever faced.
历史学家约瑟夫·金：我想我们对那些经历过困难、经历过可怕磨难的人感到好奇，当然还有唐纳党，你知道，有 87 个人，经历了一场很少有人遇到过的危机。
And we’re curious about that.
我们对此很好奇。
It can tell us something, I think, about ourselves, about the limits of human experience.
我认为它可以告诉我们一些关于我们自己的事情，关于人类经验的局限性。
Lansford W.
兰斯福德·W.
Hastings (Actor, voice-over): : March 3rd, 1846.
黑斯廷斯（演员，画外音）：1846 年 3 月 3 日。
The tide of emigration is unparalleled in the annals of history.
移民潮在历史上是史无前例的。
The eyes of the American people are now turned westward and thousands are gazing with the most intense interest and anxiety upon the Pacific shores with the full determination to make one more, one last move more, to the far West.
现在，美国人民的目光转向西方，成千上万的人以最强烈的兴趣和焦虑注视着太平洋海岸，决心向遥远的西方再迈出最后一步。
Narrator: : As 1846 began, thousands of Americans were on the move west, eager to bring Oregon, Texas, New Mexico and California into the American sphere.
旁白： 1846 年初，成千上万的美国人向西迁移，渴望将俄勒冈州、德克萨斯州、新墨西哥州和加利福尼亚州纳入美国版图。
No one was keener to possess California than Lansford W.
没有人比 Lansford W. 更渴望拥有加利福尼亚州。
Hastings, an ambitious 27-year-old lawyer from Mount Vernon, Ohio, whose visions of empire would be the Donner Party’s doom.
黑斯廷斯是一位来自俄亥俄州弗农山的 27 岁雄心勃勃的律师，他的帝国愿景将导致唐纳党的灭亡。
In 1842, he wandered west to California.
1842年，他向西流浪到加利福尼亚州。
What he saw there amazed him.
他在那里看到的一切让他感到惊讶。
He dreamed of taking California from Mexico and of establishing an independent republic with himself at its head.
他梦想从墨西哥手中夺取加利福尼亚州，并建立一个以他为首的独立共和国。
Hoping to send a tide of Americans flooding west to occupy the province, he published The Emigrants’ Guide to Oregon and California .
他出版了《俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州移民指南》，希望让大批美国人涌入西部占领该省。
It painted California as a second Eden and advertised a new and faster route across the Great Basin, a shortcut no one had ever seen -- including Hastings himself.
它将加州描绘成第二个伊甸园，并宣传一条穿越大盆地的新的、更快的路线，这是一条没有人见过的捷径——包括黑斯廷斯本人。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : Lansford Hastings was probably ambitious, probably very sure of himself.
哈罗德·辛德勒（Harold Schindler），编剧：兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯可能雄心勃勃，可能对自己非常有信心。
And he says, “Come with me.
他说：“跟我来吧。
I’ll take you.
我带你去。
I’ve been there.” And that is not quite the truth.
我去过那里。”但这并不完全是事实。
It was good enough for him, but it killed people.
这对他来说已经足够了，但却害死了人。
It was a siren call and bad news.
这是一个警报和坏消息。
Bad news.
坏消息。
Wallace Stegner, Writer: : It’s all mixed up with the romance and the so-called “heroism” of the westward migration and the big American dream.
华莱士·斯特格纳（Wallace Stegner），作家：：这一切都与西迁的浪漫和所谓的“英雄主义”以及伟大的美国梦混合在一起。
The American dream has some nightmares attached to it and this is one of the ways the American dream could go.
美国梦伴随着一些噩梦，这是美国梦可能实现的方式之一。
The American dream probably resulted in for most of the people who followed it like a marsh light in disaster.
对于大多数追随它的人来说，美国梦的结果可能就像灾难中的沼泽之光一样。
Narrator: : On April 16th, 1846, nine brand-new covered wagons rattled slowly out of Springfield, Illinois, and headed west.
旁白：1846 年 4 月 16 日，九辆全新的有盖马车缓缓驶出伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德，向西行驶。
The families of George and Jacob Donner and James Frazier Reed were off to make a new life for themselves in the valley of California.
乔治·唐纳和雅各布·唐纳以及詹姆斯·弗雷泽·里德的家人前往加利福尼亚山谷开始新的生活。
George Donner was a 62-year-old farmer who had migrated five times before settling in Springfield, where he and his older brother Jacob had made enough money never to have to move again.
乔治·唐纳 (George Donner) 是一位 62 岁的农民，在定居斯普林菲尔德之前曾移民过五次，他和他的哥哥雅各布 (Jacob) 在那里赚了足够的钱，再也不用搬家了。
Then land fever swept Illinois and kindled the urge to move one last time.
随后，土地热席卷了伊利诺伊州，激起了最后一次搬家的冲动。
The originator of the Springfield party was an intelligent, headstrong businessman named James Frazier Reed, who was proud of the fortune he’d made in Illinois, but convinced he could do even better out west.
斯普林菲尔德党的创始人是一位聪明、任性的商人，名叫詹姆斯·弗雷泽·里德，他为自己在伊利诺伊州赚到的财富感到自豪，但坚信自己可以在西部做得更好。
His wife, Margaret, suffered from terrible sick headaches they hoped would improve in a better climate.
他的妻子玛格丽特患有严重的头痛症，他们希望在更好的气候下会有所改善。
With them were their four children: Virginia, Patty, James and little Thomas.
和他们在一起的还有他们的四个孩子：弗吉尼亚、帕蒂、詹姆斯和小托马斯。
Margaret’s elderly mother, Sarah Keyes, came, too, so sick with consumption she could barely walk, but unwilling to be separated from her only daughter.
玛格丽特年迈的母亲莎拉·凯斯（Sarah Keyes）也来了，她因肺痨病而几乎无法行走，但不愿意与她唯一的女儿分开。
The Donners and the Reeds made a lavish entourage, 32 men, women and children in all, counting the Reeds’ two hired servants and the seven teamsters who had answered George Donner’s ad to drive the big wagons.
唐纳夫妇和里德夫妇的随从人员非常庞大，包括里德夫妇的两名雇工和七名响应乔治唐纳广告驾驶大货车的卡车司机，总共有 32 名男人、女人和儿童。
But the most extravagant luxury was the Reeds’ family wagon, a two-story affair with a built-in iron stove, spring-cushioned seats and bunks for sleeping.
但最奢侈的奢侈品是里德一家的家庭马车，这是一栋两层楼的马车，配有内置铁炉、弹簧垫座椅和睡觉的铺位。
It took eight oxen to pull the mammoth ark that 12-year-old Virginia Reed called “the pioneer palace car.” No one had ever seen anything like it.
需要八头牛才能拉动这艘巨大的方舟，12 岁的维吉尼亚·里德 (Virginia Reed) 称之为“先驱宫车”。没有人见过这样的东西。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : My father, with tears in his eyes, tried to smile as one friend after another grasped his hand in a last farewell.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：：当一位又一位朋友握住我父亲的手做最后的告别时，我的父亲眼里含着泪水，试图微笑。
Mama was overcome with grief.
妈妈悲痛欲绝。
At last we were all in the wagons.
最后我们都上了马车。
The drivers cracked their whips.
司机们挥动着鞭子。
The oxen moved slowly forward and the long journey had begun.
牛慢慢地前行，漫长的旅程开始了。
Narrator: : Their immediate destination was Independence, Missouri, the main jumping-off point for the Oregon and California trails.
旁白：：他们的直接目的地是密苏里州独立城，这是俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州小径的主要起点。
Once beyond Independence, however, they were stepping off into the unknown.
然而，一旦超越独立，他们就开始走向未知。
All they knew was that the long and dangerous journey would take them 2,500 miles across a huge, windswept plain, three great mountain ranges and half a dozen scorching deserts.
他们只知道，这段漫长而危险的旅程将带他们穿越 2,500 英里，穿越一片巨大的、狂风吹拂的平原、三座巨大的山脉和六片灼热的沙漠。
Time was everything.
时间就是一切。
The grueling journey couldn’t begin until the spring rains had subsided and had to be over before snow blocked the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
这段艰苦的旅程要等到春雨消退后才能开始，必须在雪封住内华达山脉之前结束。
That spring, talk was everywhere of a new and faster way.
那年春天，到处都在谈论一种新的、更快的方式。
In the bottom of Jacob Donner’s saddlebag was a copy of Lansford Hastings’s Emigrant’s Guide , with its tantalizing talk of a faster route to the garden of the earth.
雅各布·唐纳马鞍包的底部放着一本兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯的《移民指南》，其中关于通往地球花园的更快路线的诱人言论。
The same day the Donners and the Reeds rolled west out of Springfield, Lansford Hastings prepared to head east from California, to see what the shortcut he was promoting was really like.
就在唐纳一家和里德一家从斯普林菲尔德向西驶出的同一天，兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯准备从加利福尼亚向东行驶，看看他所提倡的捷径到底是什么样子。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : He’d heard that you could go south of the lake.
哈罗德·辛德勒（Harold Schindler），作家：：他听说你可以去湖的南边。
The idea was to depart just before you got to Fort Bridger, going through the Wasatch, south of the lake, across the salt desert, through the Rubies into California.
我们的想法是在到达布里杰堡之前出发，穿过湖以南的瓦萨奇河，穿过盐沙漠，穿过红宝石山脉进入加利福尼亚州。
The problem was, he had never really done it, had never done it with a wagon, and yet it was his ambition to lead what people thought to be 7,000 wagons heading west that year.
问题是，他从来没有真正做到过，从来没有用马车做过，但那年他的野心是带领人们认为的 7,000 辆马车向西行驶。
And Lansford Hastings was going to try to lead his share back.
兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯将试图夺回他的份额。
James Clyman (Actor, voice-over): : Mr. Hastings, our pilot, is looking for some force from the states with which it is designed to revolutionize California.
詹姆斯·克莱曼（演员，画外音）：我们的飞行员黑斯廷斯先生正在从各州寻找一些力量，旨在彻底改变加州。
He’s anxious to try this route, but my belief is that it is very little nearer and not so good a road as that by Fort Hall.
他很想尝试这条路线，但我相信这条路距离霍尔堡那条路更近，而且也不那么好。
Tamsen Donner (Actress, voice-over): : Independence.
塔姆森·唐纳（女演员，画外音）：：独立。
May 11th, 1846.
1846 年 5 月 11 日。
My dearest only sister: I can give you no idea of the hurry of this place at this time.
我最亲爱的唯一的妹妹：我无法告诉你此时此地的匆忙。
It is supposed there be 7,000 wagons this season.
预计本季有 7,000 辆货车。
We go to California to the Bay of San Francisco, a four months trip.
我们从加利福尼亚州到旧金山湾，为期四个月的旅程。
I am willing to go and have no doubt it will be an advantage to our children and to us.
我愿意去，并且毫无疑问这对我们的孩子和我们来说都会有好处。
Farewell, my sister.
再见，我的妹妹。
You shall hear from me as soon as I have an opportunity.
一旦有机会，您就会收到我的消息。
Narrator: : The Donners and the Reeds reached Independence, Missouri, in the second week of May.
旁白：：唐纳一家和里德一家于五月的第二周抵达密苏里州独立市。
Heavy spring rains had turned the unpaved streets to mud.
春雨倾盆，未铺砌的街道变得泥泞不堪。
Wagons bogged to the hubs, drivers cursed and whipped the straining oxen.
马车陷入困境，车夫咒骂着，鞭打着疲惫不堪的牛。
Emigrants hurried from store to store, purchasing supplies and anxiously inquiring after the latest news.
移民们匆匆从一家商店赶到另一家商店，购买物资，焦急地询问最新消息。
Edwin Bryant (Actor, voice-over): : Singular as it may appear, there is as much electioneering here for the captaincy of this expedition as there is for the presidency of the United States.
埃德温·布莱恩特（演员，画外音）：：虽然看起来很奇怪，但这次探险队队长的竞选活动与美国总统的竞选活动一样多。
Tamsen Donner (Actress, voice-over): : We have some of the best people in our company and some, too, that are not so good.
塔姆森·唐纳（女演员，画外音）：：我们公司有一些最优秀的员工，但也有一些不太优秀的员工。
Narrator: : Day by day, week after week, wagons rolled out of Independence.
旁白：：日复一日，周复一周，马车驶出独立城。
The Donners and the Reeds got started on May 12th.
Donners 和 Reeds 于 5 月 12 日开始演出。
Edwin Bryant (Actor, voice-over): : Not a living or a moving object of any kind appears upon the face of the vast expanse.
埃德温·布莱恩特（演员，画外音）： 广阔无垠的表面上看不到任何有生命或移动的物体。
The white-topped wagons and the men and animals belonging to them are the only relief to the tomb-like stillness of the landscape.
白顶马车以及车上的人和动物是这片坟墓般的寂静中唯一的缓解。
A lovelier scene was never gazed upon, nor one of more profound solitude.
从未见过如此美丽的景色，也从未见过如此深邃的孤独。
Narrator: : A few days out, two riders overtook them.
旁白：：几天后，两名骑手超越了他们。
They brought mail from Independence and news that hostilities had broken out between the United States and Mexico on the Rio Grande.
他们带来了来自独立号的邮件以及美国和墨西哥在格兰德河上爆发敌对行动的消息。
Each night violent thunderstorms broke over the wagon trains, scattering cattle and drenching the encampments.
每天晚上，猛烈的雷暴袭击了车队，牲畜四散，营地被淋湿。
Each morning the skies cleared, but the trail had turned to mud.
每天早晨，天空放晴，但小路却变成了泥泞。
The Reeds’ palace wagon had to be laboriously double-teamed over even moderate inclines, to the immense irritation of those forced to crawl along behind.
里德家的宫廷马车即使是在缓坡上也必须费力地双人包夹，这让那些被迫在后面爬行的人感到非常恼火。
On May 27th, the wagon train came to a standstill on the east bank of the Big Blue River, too swollen by rain to be forded.
5月27日，马车在大蓝河东岸陷入停滞，因雨水过多而无法涉水。
The company went into camp to build a makeshift ferry.
公司进入营地建造临时渡轮。
By then, the journey had become too much for Margaret Reed’s mother.
到那时，这段旅程对于玛格丽特·里德的母亲来说已经变得难以承受。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Grandma became speechless the day before she died.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）： 奶奶在去世前一天说不出话来。
We made a neat coffin and buried her under a tree.
我们做了一个整齐的棺材，把她埋在一棵树下。
We miss her very much.
我们非常想念她。
Every time we come into the wagon, we look at the bed for her.
每次我们进马车时，我们都会看看床，找她。
Narrator: : On May 31st, two days after the burial of Sarah Keyes, the last of the wagons was ferried safely over the Big Blue.
旁白： 5 月 31 日，莎拉·凯斯 (Sarah Keyes) 下葬两天后，最后一辆马车被安全地运送到蓝色大海上。
Tamsen Donner (Actress, voice-over): : June 16th.
Tamsen Donner（演员，配音）：：6 月 16 日。
We are now on the Platte, 200 miles from Fort Laramie.
我们现在位于距拉勒米堡 200 英里的普拉特河上。
I never could have believed we could have traveled so far with so little difficulty.
我从来不敢相信我们可以毫不费力地走这么远。
Indeed, if I do not experience something far worse than I have yet done, I shall say the trouble is all in getting started.
确实，如果我没有经历过比我以前经历过的更糟糕的事情，我会说麻烦全在于开始。
Narrator: : On June 27th, just one week behind schedule, the Donners and the Reeds reached Fort Laramie, an isolated trading post in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
旁白： 6 月 27 日，仅比计划晚了一周，唐纳一家和里德一家就到达了拉勒米堡，这是落基山脉山麓的一个偏僻的贸易站。
There, James Reed found an old friend from Illinois, a 54-year-old mountain man named James Clyman, who had just come east from California using Hastings’s cutoff.
在那里，詹姆斯·里德找到了一位来自伊利诺伊州的老朋友，一位 54 岁的山区男子，名叫詹姆斯·克莱曼 (James Clyman)，他刚刚从加利福尼亚州沿黑斯廷斯分界线向东来到。
“We camped with them,” Clyman remembered, “and continued the conversation until a late hour.” Reed, anxious to make up for lost time, asked Clyman what he thought of Hastings’s new route.
“我们和他们一起露营，”克莱曼回忆道，“谈话一直持续到很晚。”里德急于弥补失去的时间，询问克莱曼对黑斯廷斯的新路线有何看法。
James Clyman (Actor, voice-over): : I told him about the great desert and the roughness of the Sierras and that a straight route might turn out to be impracticable.
詹姆斯·克莱曼（演员，画外音）：我告诉他关于大沙漠和内华达山脉的崎岖不平，以及一条笔直的路线可能是不切实际的。
I told him to take the regular wagon track and never leave it.
我告诉他走普通的马车轨道，永远不要离开它。
It is barely possible to get through if you follow it and it may be impossible if you don’t.
如果你遵循它，几乎不可能通过，如果你不遵循它，则可能根本不可能。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : Clyman, who had just been south of the lake on horseback coming east with Lansford Hastings, says, “Don’t do it.
哈罗德·辛德勒（Harold Schindler），编剧：克莱曼刚刚与兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯一起骑马来到湖以南，向东走，他说：“不要这样做。
Don’t do it because you can’t take wagons that way.
不要这样做，因为你不能那样带马车。
Go the old route.
走老路。
Be safe.
确保安全。
You’ll perish.” And Reed says, “There’s a nigher route and we might as well take it.”
你会灭亡的。”里德说：“还有一条更近的路线，我们不妨走它。”
Donald Buck, Historian: : Why Reed didn’t take the advice he got at Fort Laramie is, I don’t know if there’s an answer to that question.
历史学家唐纳德·巴克：：为什么里德没有采纳他在拉勒米堡得到的建议，我不知道这个问题是否有答案。
He was an intelligent man, decisive.
他是一个聪明人，果断。
I don’t know.
我不知道。
It’s always, I guess, our insatiable desire to take a shortcut in life, thinking it’ll get us there, and invariably it doesn’t.
我想，我们总是贪得无厌地渴望在生活中走捷径，以为这样就能到达目的地，但事实总是如此。
Narrator: : The next day, Clyman bid Reed good-bye and continued east, moving fast down the Platte.
旁白：第二天，克莱曼向里德告别，继续向东，沿着普拉特河快速前进。
On July 15th, he crossed the Big Blue River and came to the grave of Margaret Reed’s mother.
7月15日，他渡过大蓝河，来到了玛格丽特·里德母亲的坟墓。
For a long time he stood looking down at the inscription, wondering what drove his countrymen west.
他低头看着碑文很长一段时间，想知道是什么驱使他的同胞向西。
James Clyman (Actor, voice-over): : This stone shows us that all ages and all sects are found to undertake this long, tedious and even dangerous journey for some unknown object never to be realized, even by those the most fortunate.
詹姆斯·克莱曼（演员，画外音）：这块石头向我们展示了所有年龄段和所有教派都发现为了某些永远无法实现的未知目标而进行这一漫长、乏味甚至危险的旅程，即使是那些最幸运的人也是如此。
And why?
为什么？
Because the human mind can never be satisfied, never at rest, always on the stretch for something new, some strange novelty.
因为人类的头脑永远不会满足，永远不会休息，总是在寻求新的、奇怪的新奇事物。
Narrator: : Sarah Keyes had been a member of what would soon be called the Donner Party.
旁白：莎拉·凯斯是后来被称为“唐纳党”的成员。
She was the first to die.
她是第一个死的。
Narrator: : On July 17th, as the Reeds and the Donners toiled slowly up towards the Continental Divide, a lone horseman came riding down from South Pass, bearing an open letter from Lansford Hastings addressed to “All emigrants now on the road.” It urged them to press on in one group to Fort Bridger, where Hastings himself would be waiting to escort them over the new trail.
旁白：7 月 17 日，当里德一家和唐纳斯一家慢慢地向大陆分水岭前进时，一名孤独的骑士从南帕斯骑马下来，带着一封兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯写给“所有正在路上的移民”的公开信。它敦促他们组成一组继续前往布里杰堡，黑斯廷斯本人将在那里等待护送他们穿过新的小路。
On July 18th, they crossed the Continental Divide.
7月18日，他们跨越了大陆分水岭。
They were in what the mountain men called “Oregon country” now, 1,000 miles from Independence with more than 1,000 miles still to go.
他们现在所在的地方被山区居民称为“俄勒冈乡村”，距独立城 1,000 英里，还有 1,000 多英里的路要走。
They moved on, spellbound by the altitude and the landscape and the endless sea of sage.
他们继续前行，对海拔、风景和一望无际的鼠尾草海洋着迷。
Donald Buck, Historian: : Once you got beyond Fort Laramie, there was no turning back.
历史学家唐纳德·巴克：：一旦越过了拉勒米堡，就没有回头路了。
A lot of emigrants turned back by the time they got to Fort Laramie, realizing they were into something that they didn’t want.
许多移民在到达拉勒米堡时就回头了，因为他们意识到自己陷入了一些他们不想要的事情。
But after that, you’re pretty much committed all the way.
但在那之后，你就几乎一路投入了。
Even though you might like to be able to, there was hardly a chance or opportunity.
即使你可能希望能够这样做，但几乎没有机会或机会。
It just wouldn’t work.
它就是行不通。
Narrator: : On July 20th, the wagon train reached the Little Sandy River.
旁白： 7月20日，马车到达小桑迪河。
It was the parting of the ways.
这是分道扬镳。
Most of the emigrants heeded James Clyman’s warning and turned right, but 20 wagons, including the nine belonging to the Donners and the Reeds, turned left towards Fort Bridger and the entrance to Hastings’s cutoff.
大多数移民听从了詹姆斯·克莱曼的警告，向右转，但 20 辆马车，其中包括唐纳家族和里德家族的 9 辆马车，左转驶向布里杰堡和黑斯廷斯分界线的入口。
The next day, the new party met to elect a captain.
第二天，新党开会选举队长。
James Reed was the obvious choice, but his aristocratic manner and his wealth had rubbed too many families the wrong way.
詹姆斯·里德是显而易见的选择，但他的贵族举止和财富已经惹恼了太多家庭。
They chose George Donner instead.
他们选择了乔治唐纳。
One week later, the Donner Party rolled into Fort Bridger, two log cabins and a corral run as a trading post by a celebrated mountain man named Jim Bridger.
一周后，唐纳一行人来到了布里杰堡，这里有两间小木屋和一个畜栏，由一位名叫吉姆·布里杰的著名山地人经营作为贸易站。
Lansford Hastings wasn’t there.
兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯不在那里。
The promoter had started west a week earlier at the head of another group of wagons, leaving instructions for any emigrants who wished to follow along behind.
一周前，发起人带领另一组马车向西出发，为任何希望跟在后面的移民留下指示。
They spent four days resting their oxen and making repairs.
他们花了四天时间让牛休息并进行修理。
James Reed (Actor, voice-over): : July 31st, 1846.
詹姆斯·里德（演员，画外音）：1846 年 7 月 31 日。
Hastings’s cutoff is said to be a saving of 350 or 400 miles and a better route.
据说黑斯廷斯的截止路线可以节省 350 或 400 英里，并且是一条更好的路线。
The rest of the Californians went the long route, feeling afraid of Hastings’s cutoff.
其余的加州人则走了很长的路，因为害怕黑斯廷斯的切断。
But Mr. Bridger informs me that it is a fine, level road with plenty of water and grass.
但布里杰先生告诉我，这是一条平坦的好路，水草充足。
It is estimated that 700 miles will take us to Captain Sutter’s fort, which we hope to make in seven weeks from this day.
据估计，我们将行驶 700 英里到达萨特船长的堡垒，我们希望从今天起七周内到达。
Narrator: : On July 31st, the nine families and 16 single men of the Donner Party left Fort Bridger and entered Hastings’s cutoff.
旁白：7月31日，唐纳党的9个家庭和16名单身男子离开布里杰堡，进入黑斯廷斯的禁区。
For a week they made good time, 10 sometimes 12 miles a day, working their way deeper into the rugged mountains, following the track of Hastings’s wagons.
在一周的时间里，他们过得很愉快，每天行驶 10 英里，有时甚至 12 英里，沿着黑斯廷斯马车的轨迹，深入崎岖的山脉。
Then on August 6th, at the bottom of Echo Canyon, the party came to a halt.
然后8月6日，在回声峡谷的底部，聚会停了下来。
Stuck in the top of some sage near the trail was a note.
小路附近的鼠尾草顶上插着一张纸条。
It was from Lansford Hastings.
是兰斯福德黑斯廷斯发来的。
It stated that the road ahead was virtually impassable and advised them to wait until he could show them a better way.
它说前面的路几乎无法通行，并建议他们等待，直到他能向他们展示更好的方法。
It took James Reed five days to find Hastings.
詹姆斯·里德花了五天时间才找到黑斯廷斯。
When he did, the promoter refused to come back to lead the company himself, pointing out what he thought might be a more manageable route from a high peak, instead.
当他这样做时，发起人拒绝亲自回来领导公司，而是指出他认为从高峰开始可能是一条更容易管理的路线。
The next day, with James Reed as their pilot, the party turned off the track into the tangled wilderness.
第二天，詹姆斯·里德（James Reed）担任飞行员，一行人离开赛道，进入了混乱的荒野。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : When they committed themselves to cross the Wasatch, when they decided legitimately to enter the great basin, to tackle Emigration Canyon, as we know it, and Echo Canyon, as we know it, they were eating up days that were vital to them and they had no way of knowing it.
作家哈罗德·辛德勒：当他们决心穿越瓦萨奇河，当他们决定合法地进入大盆地，攻克我们所知的移民峡谷和我们所知的回声峡谷时，他们正在吞噬对他们来说至关重要的日子，而他们却无从得知。
Narrator: : They crawled along, making scarcely two miles a day, fighting their way through a chaos of canyons choked with willow trees, cottonwoods and aspen.
旁白：他们爬行着，每天只走不到两英里，在一片杂乱的峡谷中奋力前行，峡谷中长满了柳树、三叶杨和白杨。
Time and again the hostile terrain brought them to a standstill while the men cursed and toiled and hacked a road through the dense undergrowth.
一次又一次，敌对的地形使他们陷入停滞，而人们则咒骂着，辛苦劳作，在茂密的灌木丛中开辟了一条路。
It took six days alone to chop their way eight miles up Big Mountain.
仅用了六天的时间，他们就爬上了大山八英里。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Finally we reached the end of the canyon, where it looked as though our wagons would have to be abandoned.
维吉尼亚·里德（女演员，画外音）：：我们终于到达了峡谷的尽头，看起来我们的马车似乎不得不被遗弃了。
It seemed impossible for the oxen to pull them up the steep hill and the bluffs beyond, but we double-teamed and the work was at last accomplished.
牛似乎不可能把他们拉上陡峭的山坡和远处的悬崖，但我们包夹，工作终于完成了。
Worn with travel and greatly discouraged, we reached the shore of the Great Salt Lake.
由于旅行的疲惫和沮丧，我们到达了大盐湖岸边。
It had taken an entire month instead of a week.
这花了整整一个月而不是一周。
Narrator: : On August 22nd the 87 members of the Donner Party spilled out of the mountains, exhausted and shaken.
旁白：8月22日，唐纳党的87名成员从山里冲了出来，他们精疲力尽，浑身颤抖。
Some blamed Reed for the delay, but there was little time for recrimination.
一些人指责里德造成了延误，但几乎没有时间互相指责。
Summer was unraveling fast and there were still 600 miles to go.
夏天很快就过去了，还有 600 英里的路要走。
James Reed (Actor, voice-over): : Tuesday, August 25th.
James Reed（演员，画外音）：：8 月 25 日，星期二。
Luke Halloran died of consumption this evening.
卢克·哈洛伦今晚因肺病去世。
We made him a coffin and buried him at the forks of the road in a beautiful place.
我们给他做了一口棺材，把他埋在岔路口一个美丽的地方。
Narrator: : The worried emigrants hurried on, following the track of Hastings’s wagons, west then sharply south for a few miles to a cluster of clear, fresh springs.
旁白：忧心忡忡的移民们沿着黑斯廷斯马车的轨迹匆匆前行，向西然后急转南行了几英里，来到了一片清澈清新的泉水处。
There they found the tattered remnants of another note.
在那里他们发现了另一张纸条的破烂残迹。
Eliza Donner (Actress, voice-over): : Mother knelt down and began thoughtfully fitting the ragged edges of paper together.
伊丽莎·唐纳（女演员，画外音）：：母亲跪下，开始若有所思地将纸张的粗糙边缘拼接在一起。
The process was watched with spellbound interest by the anxious group around her.
她周围焦虑的人群饶有兴趣地注视着这个过程。
The writing was that of Hastings and her patchwork brought out the following words.
这篇文章是黑斯廷斯的，她拼凑出以下文字。
“Two days …two nights …
“两天……两夜……
hard driving …
辛苦驾驶……
across desert …
穿越沙漠……
reach water.”
到达水。”
Narrator: : Taking on as much water and grass as they could, the emigrants climbed through a range of gnarled hills.
旁白： 移民们带着尽可能多的水和草，爬过一系列崎岖不平的山丘。
Beyond them to the west stretched a glittering plain of salt.
越过他们的西边，是一片闪闪发光的盐平原。
On August 30th they started across.
8月30日，他们开始渡河。
Harold Schindler, Writer: : Well, you wouldn’t want to get caught out in the salt desert.
哈罗德·辛德勒（Harold Schindler），编剧：：好吧，你肯定不想被困在盐沙漠里。
Even today it’s a man-killer.
即使在今天，它也是一个人类杀手。
But for people who thought they could go through in two days and equip a wagon with grass and water foolishness.
但对于那些认为自己可以在两天内走完并为马车配备草和水的人来说是愚蠢的。
In the heat of the day, the moisture under the surface bubbles to the top, turns it into a gumbo.
在炎热的天气里，表面下的水分会冒泡到顶部，将其变成浓汤。
If you’re in a wagon, you can count on going down a couple of feet in some of those things.
如果你在一辆马车里，你可以指望在其中一些东西上下降几英尺。
I’m not saying a few inches, but you can go right up to the hubs.
我不是说几英寸，但你可以直接到达轮毂。
Narrator: : On the third day the water ran out.
旁白：：第三天水就用完了。
That night, crazed with thirst, the Reeds’ oxen bolted into the desert and could not be found.
那天晚上，芦苇家的牛渴得发疯，冲进沙漠，再也找不到了。
The family took what belongings they could carry and started out.
一家人带着能携带的东西出发了。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Papa carried Thomas and all the rest of us walked.
维吉尼亚·里德（女演员，画外音）：：爸爸抱着托马斯，我们其他人都走着。
We got to the Donners’ wagon and they were all asleep, so we laid down on the ground.
我们到了唐纳一家的马车旁，他们都睡着了，所以我们躺在地上。
We spread one shawl down and spread another over us and then put the dogs on top.
我们铺下一条围巾，再铺上另一条围巾，然后把狗放在上面。
The wind blew very hard and if it had not been for the dogs, we would have frozen.
风刮得很大，如果没有狗，我们早就冻僵了。
Narrator: : The next day the shattered emigrants stumbled out of the salt desert.
旁白： 第二天，心碎的移民跌跌撞撞地走出了盐漠。
It had been a disaster.
这是一场灾难。
It had taken them five days to cross the 80-mile desert Hastings had assured them was only half as wide.
他们花了五天时间才穿越了 80 英里的沙漠，黑斯廷斯向他们保证，沙漠的宽度只有一半。
Several emigrants had almost died of thirst.
几个移民几乎被渴死了。
Thirty-six oxen were lost.
损失了三十六头牛。
Wagons would have to be abandoned, the Reeds’ “pioneer palace car” among them.
马车必须被废弃，里德家族的“先锋宫车”就是其中之一。
Eliza Donner (Actress, voice-over): : Anguish and dismay now filled all hearts.
伊丽莎·唐纳（女演员，画外音）： 痛苦和沮丧现在充满了所有人的心。
Husbands bowed their heads, appalled at the situation of their families.
丈夫们低下头，对家人的处境感到震惊。
Some cursed Hastings for the false statements in his open letter and for his broken pledge at Fort Bridger.
一些人咒骂黑斯廷斯在公开信中的虚假陈述以及他在布里杰堡违背的承诺。
They cursed him also for his misrepresentation of the distance across this cruel desert.
他们还因为他错误地描述了穿越这片残酷沙漠的距离而咒骂他。
Mothers in tearless agony clasped their children to their bosoms with the old, old cry, “Father, Thy will, not mine, be done.” It was plain that try as we might, we could not get back to Fort Bridger.
母亲们在痛苦中流泪，将孩子抱在怀里，用古老而古老的呼喊：“父亲，愿您的旨意成就，而不是我的旨意。”很明显，无论我们如何努力，我们都无法回到布里杰堡。
We must proceed, regardless of the fearful outlook.
无论前景多么可怕，我们都必须继续前进。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : An inventory of provisions was taken and it was found that the supply was not sufficient to last us through to California.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：：我们对物资进行了清点，结果发现供应量不足以支撑我们到达加利福尼亚州。
As if to render the situation more terrible, a storm came on during the night and the hilltops became white with snow.
似乎让情况变得更加糟糕的是，夜里刮起了一场暴风雨，山顶被雪覆盖了。
Narrator: : Someone would have to ride ahead to California and bring back relief.
旁白：：必须有人骑马前往加利福尼亚并带回救援物资。
A big Missouri farmer named William McCutcheon and Charles Stanton, a bachelor from New York, volunteered.
一位名叫威廉·麦卡琴（William McCutcheon）的密苏里州大农民和来自纽约的单身汉查尔斯·斯坦顿（Charles Stanton）自愿参加。
Finally, on September 26th, the Donner Party reached the Humboldt River where the shortcut rejoined the old trail.
最终，9月26日，唐纳一行人到达了洪堡河，在那里，捷径与旧路重新汇合。
Hastings’s cutoff had proved not only more treacherous than the older route, it was 125 miles longer, as well.
事实证明，黑斯廷斯的中断路线不仅比原来的路线更加危险，而且还长了 125 英里。
Wallace Stegner, Writer: : They did seem to be doomed.
华莱士·斯特格纳（Wallace Stegner），编剧：：他们似乎注定要失败。
Everything went wrong for them and then they had started so blithely, with such big expectations and such loads of possessions and everything.
对他们来说，一切都出了问题，然后他们就如此愉快地开始了，带着如此大的期望和如此多的财产和一切。
They were going into the new country and win it by storm.
他们即将进入新的国家，并以猛烈的攻势赢得它。
But they made the great mistake of listening to Lansford Hastings.
但他们犯了一个巨大的错误，那就是听从了兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯的意见。
He was the one who caused all their trouble because they lost their way in the Wasatch and they lost half of their animals and a lot of their hope, crossing the desert south of Great Salt Lake.
他是给他们带来所有麻烦的人，因为他们在瓦萨奇河迷了路，在穿越大盐湖以南的沙漠时失去了一半的动物和很多希望。
Narrator: : In early September, Lansford Hastings rode into Sutter’s Fort at the head of a battered train of 80 wagons.
旁白： 9 月初，兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯 (Lansford Hastings) 率领一列由 80 节车厢组成的破旧火车驶入萨特堡。
Except for the Donner Party, all the emigrants of 1846 had made it safely through to California.
除唐纳党外，1846 年的所有移民均已安全抵达加利福尼亚州。
Donald Buck, Historian: : By the time they get certainly onto the Humboldt River, tempers are pretty frayed, very easy to trigger off, and there’s a lot of incidents, anger.
历史学家唐纳德·巴克：当他们确实到达洪堡河时，脾气已经非常暴躁，很容易触发，并且有很多事件，愤怒。
Again, I think that’s a human condition.
再说一次，我认为这是人类的状况。
When we’re under an enormous amount of stress, very often that can bring out the most heroic in us and it can also bring out, you know, the worst in us.
当我们承受巨大的压力时，往往会激发我们最勇敢的一面，也可能会激发我们最坏的一面。
Narrator: : On October 5th, the emigrants were doubling their teams up a steep, sandy hill when the Graves family wagon became entangled with the Reed wagon.
旁白：10 月 5 日，移民们正以双倍的队伍爬上一座陡峭的沙山时，格雷夫斯家族的马车与里德的马车纠缠在一起。
Tempers flared and the Graves driver, John Snyder, began beating the oxen with the butt of his bullwhip.
格雷夫斯的司机约翰·斯奈德（John Snyder）脾气暴躁，开始用他的牛鞭打牛。
James Reed hurried over to stop it, but only enraged Snyder further, who struck him savagely on the head with his whip.
詹姆斯·里德急忙上前阻止，却更加激怒了斯奈德，后者用鞭子狠狠地抽打了他的头部。
Reed drew his hunting knife and, as Snyder raised his arm to strike again, drove it into the teamster’s chest just below the collarbone.
里德抽出了猎刀，当斯奈德举起手臂再次出击时，里德将它刺入了卡车司机锁骨下方的胸部。
Snyder staggered a few yards up the hill and died.
斯奈德摇摇晃晃地爬上山几码后就死了。
Tamsen Donner (Actress, voice-over): : Mr. Reed and family were taken to their tent and guarded by their friends.
塔姆森·唐纳（演员，画外音）： 里德先生和家人被带到他们的帐篷，由他们的朋友看守。
An assembly was convened to decide what should be done.
召开了一次会议来决定应该做什么。
The majority declared the deed murder and demanded retribution.
大多数人宣布这起行为是谋杀，并要求报复。
Narrator: : A German emigrant named Lewis Keseberg propped his wagon tongue on end and demanded that Reed be hanged from it.
旁白：一位名叫刘易斯·凯塞伯格的德国移民将马车的舌头竖起来，要求将里德吊死。
When Margaret Reed begged for mercy, the company chose banishment instead.
当玛格丽特·里德求饶时，公司选择了驱逐。
At first Reed refused to go, but there was no choice.
起初里德拒绝去，但别无选择。
The next day he helped bury John Snyder, then rode west out of camp.
第二天，他帮助埋葬了约翰·斯奈德，然后骑马离开营地向西。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : We traveled on, but the hours dragged slowly along.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：我们继续前行，但时间过得很慢。
Every day we would search for some sign of Papa, who would leave a letter by the wayside.
每天我们都会寻找爸爸的踪迹，他会在路边留下一封信。
But a time came when we found no letter and no trace of him.
但有一天我们没有找到他的信，也没有找到他的踪迹。
Narrator: : The Donner Party limped down the Humboldt as fast as it could go.
旁白：：唐纳党以最快的速度一瘸一拐地走下洪堡河。
Everyone who still could walked beside the wagons now to spare the exhausted oxen.
现在，每个还能走得动的人都走在马车旁边，以拯救疲惫的牛。
They were racing against time and the weather, desperate to get over the mountains and into California before snow blocked the heights.
他们与时间和天气赛跑，不顾一切地想在大雪封住高地之前越过山脉，进入加利福尼亚州。
There was no sign of Stanton or McCutcheon or of the relief they promised to bring from Sutter’s Fort.
没有任何斯坦顿或麦卡琴的迹象，也没有他们承诺从萨特堡带来救援的迹象。
With the death of Snyder and the banishment of James Reed, the Donner Party was coming apart.
随着斯奈德的去世和詹姆斯·里德的流放，唐纳党正在分崩离析。
On October 7th, Lewis Keseberg turned an aging Belgian emigrant named Hardkoop out of his wagon.
10 月 7 日，刘易斯·凯塞伯格 (Lewis Keseberg) 将一位名叫哈德科普 (Hardkoop) 的上了年纪的比利时移民从马车上救了出来。
No one else would take him in.
没有其他人愿意收留他。
The old man fell farther and father behind and was last seen sitting by the road, unable to walk.
老人摔得更远，父亲落在后面，最后一次见到他时，他坐在路边，无法行走。
On the night of October 12th, Paiute Indians killed 21 oxen with poisoned arrows.
10月12日晚，派尤特印第安人用毒箭射杀了21头牛。
The company had now lost more than 100 head of cattle.
该公司现已损失100多头牛。
From the bluffs above the river, they could hear the Paiutes laughing at their plight.
从河上的悬崖上，他们可以听到派尤特人嘲笑他们的困境。
On October 16th, the battered party finally reached the Truckee, the narrow, rushing river that served as gateway to the Sierra.
10 月 16 日，饱受摧残的队伍终于到达了特拉基河，这条狭窄而湍急的河流是通往内华达山脉的门户。
John Breen (Actor, voice-over): : The weather was already very cold and the heavy clouds hanging over the mountains to the west were strong indications of an approaching winter.
约翰·布林（演员，画外音）： 天气已经非常寒冷，西边山上笼罩着厚厚的云层，强烈预示着冬天即将来临。
Some wanted to stop and rest their cattle.
有些人想停下来休息一下他们的牛。
Others, in fear of the snow, were in favor of pushing ahead as fast as possible.
其他人则担心下雪，赞成尽快前进。
Narrator: : On October 19th, their food was nearly all gone when Charles Stanton finally returned from Sutter’s Fort with seven mules loaded with food, two Indian guides and news that the high pass of the Sierra wouldn’t be blocked by snow for another month.
旁白：10 月 19 日，当查尔斯·斯坦顿终于从萨特堡回来时，他们的食物几乎吃光了，他带着七头骡子满载着食物、两名印第安向导，还有消息说，山脉的高山口将在一个月内不会被雪封锁。
The emigrants’ hopes rose.
移民们的希望燃起。
They were going to make it, after all.
毕竟，他们会成功的。
They camped for five days 50 miles from the summit, resting their oxen for the final push.
他们在距峰顶 50 英里的地方露营了五天，让牛休息以进行最后的冲刺。
The party started up the river again.
一行人再次沿河而上。
On October 31st, the front axle of George Donner’s family wagon broke.
10 月 31 日，乔治·唐纳的家庭旅行车前轴断裂。
Cutting timber for a new one, George gashed his hand and the family fell further behind.
乔治在砍伐木材准备新木材时，割伤了手，一家人进一步落后。
The rest of the party hurried on towards the summit.
一行人其余的人都急忙向山顶走去。
John Breen (Actor, voice-over): : We pushed on as fast as our failing cattle could haul our almost empty wagons.
约翰·布林（演员，画外音）：：我们以衰竭的牛群拖着几乎空了的马车的最快速度前进。
At last we reached the foot of the main ridge near Truckee Lake.
最后我们到达了特拉基湖附近的主山脊脚下。
It was sundown.
日落时分。
The weather was clear, but a large circle around the moon indicated an approaching storm.
天气晴朗，但月亮周围的一个大圆圈表明风暴即将来临。
Narrator: : That night they camped 1,000 feet beneath the dark, granite summit, waiting anxiously for the Donner wagons to catch up, praying that the weather would hold.
旁白： 那天晚上，他们在黑暗的花岗岩山顶下 1,000 英尺处扎营，焦急地等待唐纳的马车追上来，祈祷天气能好。
The Donners didn’t come and up on the summit during the night, it began to snow.
唐纳一家没有在夜间登上山顶，天开始下雪。
The next morning the party made a frantic dash for the pass, but five feet had already fallen higher up and the wagons began to slip on the steep, rocky ascent.
第二天早上，一行人疯狂地冲向山口，但海拔已经下降了五英尺，马车在陡峭的岩石上坡上开始打滑。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Despair drove many nearly frantic.
弗吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）： 绝望让许多人近乎疯狂。
The farther we went up, the deeper the snow got.
越往上走，雪就越深。
The wagons could not go.
马车无法行驶。
The mules kept falling down in the snow head foremost and the Indian said he could not find the road.
骡子不断地倒在最前面的雪地上，印第安人说他找不到路。
The women were so tired carrying their children that they could not go over that night.
妇女们带着孩子太累了，那天晚上她们无法过去。
Narrator: : Stanton and one of the Indians made it as far as the summit, then turned back.
旁白：斯坦顿和一名印第安人到达了山顶，然后折返。
The exhausted emigrants they were guiding could go no farther.
他们所带领的疲惫不堪的移民无法再前行。
As darkness came, they sat or lay huddled against the side of the mountain.
夜幕降临，他们或坐或卧，靠在山边。
The wind picked up.
风刮起来了。
The temperature dropped and the snow and sleet came lashing down.
气温下降，雪和雨夹雪倾盆而下。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : We made a fire and got something to eat.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：我们生了火，吃了点东西。
Ma spread down a buffalo robe and sat up by the fire.
妈妈铺下一件水牛长袍，在火边坐了起来。
The Indians knew we were doomed and one of them wrapped his blanket about him and stood all night under a tree.
印第安人知道我们注定要失败，其中一个人用毯子裹住自己，在树下站了一整夜。
Narrator: : When they awoke next morning, the pass was completely blocked.
旁白：：第二天早上他们醒来时，山口完全被堵住了。
They had come 2,500 miles in seven months to lose their race with the weather by one day, only 150 miles from safety at Sutter’s Fort in California.
他们在七个月内行驶了 2,500 英里，最终因天气原因而输掉了比赛，距离安全的加利福尼亚州萨特堡仅 150 英里。
They retraced their steps to the lake and started building a winter camp.
他们原路返回湖边，开始搭建冬令营。
Down by the lake and up on the dark summit above them it snowed and it snowed and it snowed.
湖边一直下着雪，上到他们上方黑暗的山顶，雪下着，下着雪，下着雪。
George McKinstry (Actor, voice-over): : November 6th, Sutter’s Fort.
乔治·麦金斯特里（演员，画外音）：11 月 6 日，萨特堡。
All things remain quiet here.
这里一切都保持安静。
The weather is bad.
天气不好。
I am fearful the snow is too deep for the last company of emigrants to cross the mountains.
我担心积雪太深，最后一批移民无法翻山越岭。
Narrator: : For weeks, the Americans at Sutter’s Fort had waited anxiously for the Donner Party to come in.
旁白：几个星期以来，萨特堡的美国人一直在焦急地等待唐纳党的到来。
They were shocked when, in late October, James Reed stumbled out of the mountains more dead than alive.
十月下旬，当詹姆斯·里德跌跌撞撞地走出山时，他生不如死，他们感到非常震惊。
Desperate to save his family, Reed pressed John Sutter for horses and supplies and rushed back up into the mountains.
为了拯救家人，里德向约翰·萨特施压，要求提供马匹和补给品，然后又冲回山里。
Two days out it started to rain.
两天后开始下雨。
Higher up the rain turned to snow.
更高处，雨变成了雪。
Twelve miles from the summit Reed could go no further and turned back again to Sutter’s Fort for help.
距离山顶十二英里，里德无法再继续前行，于是再次返回萨特堡寻求帮助。
This time, Sutter had none to give.
这一次，萨特没有什么可以给予的。
Every able-bodied man in the valley had gone south to fight the Mexicans.
山谷里所有身体健全的人都南下与墨西哥人作战。
The relief effort would have to wait.
救援工作必须等待。
Narrator: : On November 20th, 1846, an Irish emigrant named Patrick Breen began to keep a diary.
旁白： 1846 年 11 月 20 日，一位名叫帕特里克·布林 (Patrick Breen) 的爱尔兰移民开始写日记。
Patrick Breen (Actor, voice-over): : Friday, November the 20th, 1846.
帕特里克·布林（演员，画外音）：1846 年 11 月 20 日，星期五。
Came to this place on the 31st of last month that it snowed.
上个月31号来到这个地方，下雪了。
We went out to the pass, the snow so deep we were unable to find the road, then turned back to the shanty on the lake.
我们出去到山口，雪太深了，我们找不到路，然后又折回到湖边的棚屋。
We now have killed most of our cattle, having to stay here until next spring.
我们现在已经杀死了大部分牛，不得不留在这里直到明年春天。
It snowed during the space of eight days with little intermission.
这场雪持续了八天，几乎没有间歇。
Narrator: : The 81 members of the Donner Party -- 25 men, 15 women and 41 children, including six nursing infants -- were now huddled miserably in two makeshift winter camps.
旁白：唐纳党的 81 名成员——25 名男性、15 名女性和 41 名儿童，其中包括 6 名哺乳婴儿——现在悲惨地挤在两个临时搭建的冬令营中。
The Breens and their seven children took over an abandoned shack not far from Truckee Lake.
布林一家和他们的七个孩子接管了距离特拉基湖不远的一个废弃的小屋。
Peggy Breen did what she could to calm the younger children.
佩吉·布林尽力安抚年幼的孩子们。
Lewis Keseberg built a rough lean-to for his family against one side of the Breen shack.
刘易斯·凯斯伯格 (Lewis Keseberg) 在布林小屋的一侧为家人建造了一座简陋的斜屋。
Nearby, the Eddys crowded into a hastily constructed log cabin with the Murphys, the Fosters and the Pikes.
附近，艾迪一家与墨菲一家、福斯特一家和派克一家挤进了一间仓促建造的小木屋。
A second drafty cabin housed the family of Franklin Graves at one end and Margaret Reed and her four children at the other.
第二间通风良好的小屋一端住着富兰克林·格雷夫斯一家，另一端住着玛格丽特·里德和她的四个孩子。
Six miles away, on Alder Creek, the two Donner families huddled in tents where the storm had caught them.
六英里外，在奥尔德溪，唐纳两家人挤在暴风雨袭击的帐篷里。
Tamsen Donner (Actress, voice-over): : We had not the first thing to eat.
塔姆森·唐纳（演员，画外音）：：我们没有吃第一顿饭。
We seldom thought of bread, for we had not any since I remember.
我们很少想到面包，因为从我记事起我们就没有面包了。
Ma made arrangements for some cattle and the cattle was so poor they could not get up when they laid down.
妈妈安排了几头牛，牛太可怜了，躺下就起不来。
Narrator: : During breaks in the storm, they scanned the summit, hoping to see a relief party inching its way down.
旁白：：在暴风雨间歇期间，他们扫视了山顶，希望看到一支救援队正在慢慢下山。
No one came.
没有人来。
Two more attempts to get over the pass ended in failure, the emigrants floundering in the 20-foot drifts.
移民们又两次尝试翻越山口，但均以失败告终，移民们在 20 英尺深的泥沼中挣扎。
Thin and pale with hunger, three-year-old Eliza Donner whiled away the short winter days.
三岁的伊丽莎·唐纳（Eliza Donner）消磨着短暂的冬日，她因饥饿而瘦弱而苍白。
Eliza Donner (Actress, voice-over): : After the first storm, a little sunbeam stole down the steps and made a bright spot upon our floor.
伊丽莎·唐纳（女演员，画外音）： ：第一场暴风雨过后，一丝阳光偷偷溜下台阶，在我们的地板上留下了一个亮点。
I sat down under it, held it on my lap, passed my hand up and down in its brightness.
我坐在它下面，把它放在腿上，用手在它的光亮中上下抚摸。
I gathered up a piece of it in my apron and ran to my mother.
我把一块放在围裙里，跑到妈妈身边。
Great was my surprise when I carefully opened the folds and found that I had nothing to show.
当我小心翼翼地打开折痕，发现没有什么可展示的时候，我大吃一惊。
Narrator: : On Thanksgiving, it began snowing again.
旁白：：感恩节那天，又开始下雪了。
Patrick Breen (Actor, voice-over): : Sunday, November the 29th.
帕特里克·布林（演员，画外音）：：11 月 29 日，星期日。
Still snowing, now about three feet deep.
雪还在下，现在大约有三英尺深。
Killed my last oxen today.
今天杀了我最后一头牛。
Monday, November the 30th.
11 月 30 日星期一。
Snowing fast, about four or five feet deep.
雪下得很快，大约有四五英尺深。
Looks as likely to continue as when it commenced.
看起来很可能会像开始时一样继续下去。
No living thing without wings can get about.
没有翅膀的生物都无法行走。
December the 1st, Tuesday.
12 月 1 日，星期二。
Our cattle all killed but three or four of them.
我们的牛都死了，只有三四只。
The horses and Stanton’s mules gone, supposed lost in the snow.
马和斯坦顿的骡子不见了，应该是在雪地里迷路了。
No hopes of finding them alive.
没有希望找到他们活着。
Narrator: : They began to mix what little meat remained with anything they could chew and swallow -- boiled hides, charred bones, twigs, bark, leaves.
旁白：：他们开始将剩下的少量肉与任何可以咀嚼和吞咽的东西混合在一起——煮熟的兽皮、烧焦的骨头、树枝、树皮、树叶。
On December 15th one of the Reeds’ hired men, Balis Williams, died of malnutrition.
12 月 15 日，里德家族的一名雇工巴利斯·威廉姆斯 (Balis Williams) 因营养不良去世。
Narrator: : In mid-December, 15 of the strongest emigrants -- five women, nine men and a boy of 12 -- resolved to make another attempt to break out.
旁白： 12 月中旬，15 名最强大的移民——五名女性、九名男性和一名 12 岁男孩——决定再次尝试越狱。
An old Vermont farmer, Franklin Graves, fashioned crude snowshoes from oxbows and rawhide.
佛蒙特州的一位老农民富兰克林·格雷夫斯 (Franklin Graves) 用牛弓和生皮制作了粗糙的雪鞋。
On December 16th, with William Eddy and the Indians Lewis and Salvadore in the lead, they started out for the summit.
12月16日，在威廉·艾迪（William Eddy）和印第安人刘易斯（Lewis）和萨尔瓦多（Salvadore）的带领下，他们出发前往顶峰。
They took six days’ starvation rations apiece.
他们每人拿走了六天的口粮。
They called themselves “the forlorn hope.” With each step, they sank a few inches into the 20-foot drifts, but the crude snowshoes buoyed them up.
他们称自己为“绝望的希望”。每走一步，他们就会陷入 20 英尺深的雪堆里几英寸，但简陋的雪鞋却把他们浮了起来。
It took two grueling days to scale the summit.
花了两天的时间才登上顶峰。
Once over the pass, the sun began to blind them.
越过山口后，阳光开始刺瞎他们的视线。
On the sixth day their food ran out.
第六天，他们的食物就吃完了。
Charles Stanton, too blind and weak to carry on, urged his exhausted friends to go on without him.
查尔斯·斯坦顿（Charles Stanton）盲目且虚弱，无法继续前进，他敦促疲惫不堪的朋友们在没有他的情况下继续前进。
He was last seen sitting in the snow, calmly smoking his pipe.
他最后一次被发现坐在雪地里，平静地抽着烟斗。
By the ninth day out, they were hopelessly lost high in the California mountains.
到了第九天，他们在加州高山上绝望地迷路了。
On Christmas Eve, it began to snow again.
平安夜，又开始下雪了。
Mary Graves (Actress, voice-over): : What to do we did not know.
玛丽·格雷夫斯（演员，画外音）：：我们不知道该怎么办。
Some of those who had children and families wished to go back, but the two Indians said they would go on.
一些有孩子和家人的人希望回去，但两名印度人说他们会继续前进。
I told them I would go, too, for to go back and hear the cries of hunger from my brothers and sisters was more than I could stand.
我告诉他们我也要去，因为回去听到兄弟姐妹们饥饿的呼喊声让我无法忍受。
I would go as far as I could, let the consequences be what they might.
我会尽我所能，不管后果如何。
Narrator: : Darkness came and somehow they managed to light a fire.
旁白：：天黑了，他们设法点起了火。
They had been three days without food of any kind and most of them were far gone.
他们已经三天没有吃任何食物了，大部分人都已经吃光了。
Even in their delirium they knew they were dying.
即使在精神错乱中，他们也知道自己快要死了。
Eliza Donner (Actress, voice-over): : Even the wind seemed to hold its breath as the suggestion was made that were one to die, the rest might live.
伊丽莎·唐纳（女演员，画外音）：：当有人建议，一个人死了，其余的人可能活下来时，连风也似乎屏住了呼吸。
Then the suggestion was made that lots be cast and whoever drew the longest slip should be the sacrifice.
然后有人建议抽签，抽到最长的那张就是牺牲品。
The slips of paper were prepared and Patrick Dolan drew the fatal slip.
纸条已经准备好了，帕特里克·多兰画出了致命的纸条。
Jesse Quinn Thornton (Actor, voice-over): : About 11:00, the storm increased to a perfect tornado and in an instant blew away every spark of fire.
Jesse Quinn Thornton（演员，画外音）： ：大约 11:00，风暴增强为完美的龙卷风，瞬间吹散了所有的火苗。
The company were now engaged in imploring God for mercy and relief.
该公司现在正忙于祈求上帝的怜悯和救济。
That night’s bitter cries, anguish and despair never can be forgotten.
那天晚上的痛苦哭泣、痛苦和绝望永远不会被忘记。
Narrator: : Somehow William Eddy got his dying companions to sit together in a ring and pulled blankets over them.
旁白：威廉·艾迪不知怎么地让他垂死的同伴围成一圈，并给他们盖上毯子。
A canopy of snow quickly covered the starving group.
一场大雪很快就覆盖了这群饥饿的人。
Antonio, a Mexican teamster, died.
墨西哥卡车司机安东尼奥去世。
Franklin Graves was next.
富兰克林·格雷夫斯是下一个。
He died in the arms of his daughters Mary and Sarah.
他死在女儿玛丽和莎拉的怀里。
Patrick Dolan went insane and had to be held down by his companions.
帕特里克·多兰疯了，不得不被同伴按住。
At last he slipped into a coma and died.
最后他陷入昏迷而死。
12-year-old Lem Murphy lay shuddering, all but dead.
12 岁的莱姆·墨菲 (Lem Murphy) 浑身颤抖地躺着，几乎已经死了。
It stopped snowing.
雪停了。
William Eddy crawled out of the white tomb where the dead and dying emigrants lay and managed to relight the fire.
威廉·艾迪从躺着死去和垂死的移民的白色坟墓里爬出来，并设法重新点燃了火。
Someone cut the flesh from the arms and legs of Patrick Dolan.
有人割下了帕特里克·多兰手臂和腿上的肉。
They roasted the meat and ate it, averting their faces from each other and weeping.
他们把肉烤了吃，互相别过脸去哭泣。
Only the two Indians, Lewis and Salvadore, refused to eat.
只有刘易斯和萨尔瓦多这两个印第安人拒绝吃饭。
The hideous food revived them.
可怕的食物让他们恢复了活力。
The 10 surviving members of the “forlorn hope” butchered what remained of their four dead friends, wrapped and carefully labeled the pieces so that no one had to eat their kin, and staggered on through the wilderness, cursing Lansford Hastings.
“绝望的希望”的 10 名幸存成员屠杀了四名死去朋友的残骸，将这些碎片包裹起来并仔细贴上标签，以免有人吃掉他们的亲人，然后摇摇晃晃地穿过荒野，咒骂着兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯。
Three days later there was again nothing left to eat.
三天后，又没有东西吃了。
William Foster proposed murdering the Indians for food.
威廉·福斯特提议为了食物而谋杀印第安人。
William Eddy tried to talk him out of it, then told Lewis and Salvadore of the white man’s plan.
威廉·艾迪试图说服他不要这样做，然后告诉刘易斯和萨尔瓦多白人的计划。
The Indians stood disbelieving for a moment, then silently disappeared into the snowy woods.
印第安人难以置信地站了一会儿，然后默默地消失在白雪皑皑的树林里。
Patrick Breen (Actor, voice-over): : Monday, December the 21st.
帕特里克·布林（演员，画外音）：：12 月 21 日，星期一。
Milt got back last night from the Donner’s camp.
米尔特昨晚从唐纳的营地回来。
Sad news.
悲伤的消息。
Jacob Donner, Sam Shoemaker, Joseph Rhinehart and James Smith are dead.
雅各布·唐纳、山姆·舒梅克、约瑟夫·莱因哈特和詹姆斯·史密斯均已去世。
The rest of them in a low situation.
其余人的处境都比较低。
Snowed all night.
下了整整一夜的雪。
Thursday, December 31st.
12 月 31 日，星期四。
Last of the year.
今年最后一次。
May we, with God’s help, spend the coming year better than the past, which we propose to do if almighty God will deliver us from our present dreadful situation.
如果全能的上帝将我们从目前可怕的处境中拯救出来，愿我们在上帝的帮助下度过比过去更好的一年。
It is our prayer, if the will of God sees it fitting for us.
如果神的旨意认为它适合我们的话，这就是我们的祷告。
Amen.
阿门。
Freezing hard every night.
每晚都冻得很厉害。
Looks like another storm.
看起来又是一场风暴。
Snow storms are dreadful to us.
暴风雪对我们来说是可怕的。
Narrator: : On January 10th, 1847, the United States Marines took Los Angeles from the Mexicans.
旁白： 1847 年 1 月 10 日，美国海军陆战队从墨西哥人手中夺取了洛杉矶。
In all but name, California now belonged to the United States.
除了名义上，加利福尼亚现在属于美国。
With the fighting over, James Reed rushed to San Francisco to raise money and men for the relief of his family and friends.
战斗结束后，詹姆斯·里德赶到旧金山筹集资金和人员来救济他的家人和朋友。
At sunset on January 17th in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, Harriet Ritchie heard a knock on the door of her family’s cabin.
1 月 17 日日落时分，在内华达山脉山麓，哈丽特·里奇听到有人敲她家小屋的门。
In the doorway stood a bleeding skeleton of a man.
门口站着一具血淋淋的男人骨架。
In a faint voice he asked if he could have some bread.
他用微弱的声音问他是否可以吃点面包。
Harriet burst into tears and helped William Eddy into bed.
哈丽特泪流满面，扶着威廉·艾迪上床睡觉。
The six other survivors of the “forlorn hope” lay a short way up the trail.
“绝望的希望”的另外六名幸存者就在不远处的小路上。
Only two of the 10 men had made it through.
十个人中只有两人成功通过。
All five women had survived.
所有五名妇女均幸存。
When he was well enough to speak, William Eddy told a hellish story.
当威廉·艾迪康复到可以说话的时候，他讲述了一个地狱般的故事。
He spoke of the camp of death and of wandering 18 days more, lost in the deep mountain snows; of Sarah Fosdick, who had to watch her husband die, then see his heart roasting on a stick; of the bloody footprints that led them to where the Indians Lewis and Salvadore, who had fled as far as they could, were lying side by side in the snow, too weak to move; how William Foster, insane, shot each of the men through the head and how the starving survivors used the murdered men for food.
他谈到了死亡营地以及在深山积雪中迷失的十八天的流浪；莎拉·福斯迪克（Sarah Fosdick）不得不看着自己的丈夫死去，然后又看到他的心在棍子上烤；血淋淋的脚印将他们引向了印第安人刘易斯和萨尔瓦多，他们已经逃到了最远的地方，他们并排躺在雪地里，虚弱得无法动弹；疯狂的威廉·福斯特如何射穿每个人的头部，以及饥饿的幸存者如何利用被谋杀的人作为食物。
The alarm went out.
警报响了。
Daniel Rhoads (Actor, voice-over): : February 3rd.
丹尼尔·罗兹（演员，配音）：：2 月 3 日。
They gave the alarm that the people would all die without assistance.
他们发出警报，如果没有援助，人们都会死去。
It was two weeks before any person would consent to go.
两周后才有人同意去。
Finally, we concluded we would go or die trying, for not to make any attempt to save them would be a disgrace to us and California as long as time lasted.
最后，我们得出的结论是，我们要么去尝试，要么死去，因为只要时间持续，不做出任何努力来拯救他们将是我们和加利福尼亚的耻辱。
Narrator: : On February 5th, the first small relief party left Johnson’s ranch and struggled slowly up into the snowy mountains.
旁白： 2月5日，第一支小型救援队离开约翰逊的牧场，艰难地向雪山进发。
A second party, led by James Reed, was two days behind them.
由詹姆斯·里德率领的第二支队伍比他们晚了两天。
Patrick Breen (Actor, voice-over): : Friday, February the 5th.
帕特里克·布林（演员，画外音）：：2 月 5 日，星期五。
Peggy very uneasy for fear we shall all perish with hunger.
佩吉非常不安，生怕我们都会饿死。
We have but a little meat left and only part of three hides.
我们只剩下一点肉和三张兽皮的一部分了。
Mrs. Reed has nothing left but one hide and it is on Graves’ shanty.
里德太太只剩下一张兽皮，它就在格雷夫斯的棚屋里。
Eddy’s child, Margaret, died last night.
艾迪的孩子玛格丽特昨晚去世了。
Monday, the 8th.
星期一，八号。
Spitzer died last night about 3:00 o’clock.
斯皮策于昨晚 3:00 左右去世。
We will bury him in the snow.
我们将把他埋在雪里。
Mrs. Eddy died on the night of the 7th.
艾迪夫人于七日晚上去世。
Wednesday, the 10th.
星期三，十号。
Milt Elliot died last night at Murphy’s shanty.
米尔特·埃利奥特昨晚在墨菲的棚屋里去世。
Mrs. Reed went there this morning to see after his effects.
里德夫人今天早上去那里查看他的遗物。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Everyone had gone to bed, but I could not sleep.
弗吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：：每个人都上床睡觉了，但我却睡不着。
Looking up through the darkness with my hands clasped, I made a vow that if God would send us relief and let me see my father again, I would be a Catholic.
我双手合十，抬头望着黑暗，发誓如果上帝能给我们解脱，让我再次见到父亲，我就会成为一名天主教徒。
Narrator: : One afternoon Peggy Breen motioned Margaret Reed outside to tell her that her daughter, Virginia, was dying.
旁白： 一天下午，佩吉·布林示意玛格丽特·里德出去告诉她，她的女儿弗吉尼亚快要死了。
They were all dying.
他们都快死了。
On February 19th, 1847, seven freezing, exhausted men of the first relief party struggled over the summit and came within sight of the lake.
1847 年 2 月 19 日，第一支救援队的 7 名冻得浑身冰冷、精疲力竭的男子奋力翻过山顶，来到了湖边。
Daniel Rhoads (Actor, voice-over): : At sunset, we crossed Truckee Lake on the ice and came to the spot where we had been told we should find the emigrants.
丹尼尔·罗兹（演员，画外音）： 日落时分，我们在冰面上穿过特拉基湖，来到了我们被告知要找到移民的地方。
We looked all around, but no living thing except ourselves was in sight.
我们环顾四周，除了我们自己之外，没有看到任何生物。
We raised a loud hello.
我们大声打招呼。
And then we saw a woman emerge from a hole in the snow.
然后我们看到一个女人从雪洞里钻了出来。
As we approached her, several others made their appearance, in like manner coming out of the snow.
当我们走近她时，其他几个人也出现了，同样是从雪中走出来。
They were gaunt with famine and I never can forget the horrible, ghastly sight they presented.
他们因饥荒而憔悴不堪，我永远无法忘记他们所呈现的可怕景象。
The first woman spoke in a hollow voice, very much agitated, and said, “Are you men from California or do you come from heaven?”
第一个女人用空洞的声音说话，非常激动，说道：“你们是来自加利福尼亚的人，还是来自天堂的人？”
Narrator: : The rescuers were shocked by what they found.
旁白：：救援人员对他们的发现感到震惊。
12 emigrants had died and bodies lay everywhere on top of the snow, covered with quilts.
12名移民已经死亡，尸体躺在雪地上，身上盖着被子。
48 still clung to life, but some had gone mad and others were too far gone to be revived.
48人还活着，但有些人已经疯了，有些人已经无法复活了。
Somehow, Margaret Reed had managed to keep all her children alive.
不知何故，玛格丽特·里德设法让她所有的孩子都活了下来。
So had Peggy Breen and Tamsen Donner.
佩吉·布林和塔姆森·唐纳也是如此。
So far, none of the survivors at the lake had been forced to eat human flesh.
到目前为止，湖边的幸存者还没有被迫吃人肉。
There was no time to waste.
没有时间可以浪费了。
The rescuers could take only 24 of the starving emigrants out with them.
救援人员只能带走 24 名饥饿的移民。
The Breens agreed to wait for the next relief party.
布林一家同意等待下一次救援。
So did the Donners.
唐纳一家也是如此。
George was too sick to move and Tamsen would not leave his side.
乔治病得太重，无法动弹，塔姆森也不愿离开他的身边。
On February 22nd, the first relief party started back.
2月22日，第一支救援队伍出发返航。
There was almost no food to spare for the 31 desperate people left behind.
剩下的31名绝望的人几乎没有多余的食物。
Patrick Breen (Actor, voice-over): : Friday, February the 26th.
帕特里克·布林（演员，画外音）：：2 月 26 日，星期五。
Hungry times in camp.
营地里饥饿的时候。
Mrs. Murphy said she thought she would commence on Milt and eat him.
墨菲夫人说她认为她会开始攻击米尔特并吃掉他。
I don’t think she has done so yet.
我认为她还没有这样做。
It is distressing.
这是令人痛苦的。
Narrator: : The ordeal of the Donner Party was far from over.
旁白：：唐纳党的磨难还远没有结束。
For two more months four relief parties battled the terrible snow and cold of the Sierra Nevada to try to save the starving emigrants.
在接下来的两个月里，四支救援队与内华达山脉的可怕冰雪和寒冷作斗争，试图拯救饥饿的移民。
The scenes enacted in the mountains during those two months would never be forgotten.
那两个月在山里发生的一幕幕永远不会忘记。
When the first relief party left the lake, eight-year-old Patty Reed volunteered to stay behind to care for her three-year-old brother Thomas, who was too small to walk through the huge drifts.
当第一批救援人员离开湖时，八岁的帕蒂·里德自愿留下来照顾她三岁的弟弟托马斯，因为托马斯太小了，无法走过巨大的漂流。
“Well, Ma,” she told her anguished mother, “if you never see me again, do the best that you can.”
“好吧，妈妈，”她告诉她痛苦的母亲，“如果你再也见不到我了，就尽力而为吧。”
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : We went over a great, high mountain, as steep as stair steps, in snow up to our knees.
维吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：我们翻越了一座高大的山，山势陡峭如楼梯，雪深及膝盖。
Little James walked the whole way over in snow up to his waist.
小詹姆斯在齐腰的积雪中一路走来。
He said every step he took he was getting nigher Pa and something to eat.
他说，他每迈出一步，就离爸爸越来越近，也越来越能吃到东西了。
Narrator: : Two children had died and more were failing fast when the first relief party caught sight of something moving towards them through the trees.
旁白：：当第一支救援队看到有东西穿过树林向他们走来时，两个孩子已经死亡，更多的孩子也快要崩溃了。
It was the second relief party.
这是第二次救援队。
James Reed was leading it.
詹姆斯·里德（James Reed）领衔。
James Reed (Actor, voice-over): : Here I met my own wife and two of my little children.
詹姆斯·里德（演员，画外音）：：在这里我遇到了我自己的妻子和我的两个小孩。
Two still in the mountains.
两个还在山里。
I cannot describe the death-like look of them.
我无法形容他们那死一般的表情。
“Bread, bread, bread” was the begging of every child and grown person.
“面包，面包，面包”是每个孩子和成年人的乞求。
Narrator: : When she heard her husband’s voice, Margaret Reed stumbled in the snow and almost fainted.
旁白：：当玛格丽特·里德听到丈夫的声音时，她在雪地里绊了一跤，差点晕过去。
They had been separated for five months.
他们已经分居五个月了。
Reed was certain his family had perished.
里德确信他的家人已经灭亡。
When James Reed and the second relief party reached the lake, Patty and Thomas were still alive.
当詹姆斯·里德和第二支救援队到达湖边时，帕蒂和托马斯还活着。
The rest of the camp was a shambles.
营地的其余部分一片狼藉。
10 more emigrants had died and the survivors had begun to eat the dead.
又有十名移民死亡，幸存者开始吃死者。
James Reed (Actor, voice-over): : Among the cabins lay the fleshless bones and half-eaten bodies of the victims of the famine.
詹姆斯·里德（演员，画外音）：小屋里躺着饥荒受害者的无肉骨头和被吃掉一半的尸体。
There lay the limbs, the skulls and the hair of the poor beings who had died from want and whose flesh preserved the lives of their surviving comrades who, shivering beneath their filthy rags and surrounded by the remains of their unholy feast, looked more like demons than human beings.
那里躺着那些因匮乏而死去的可怜人的四肢、头骨和头发，他们的肉保存了幸存同伴的生命，这些同伴在肮脏的破布下瑟瑟发抖，周围是邪恶盛宴的残骸，看上去更像是恶魔而不是人类。
They had fallen from their high estate, though compelled by the fell hand of dire necessity.
尽管迫于迫不得已的困境，他们还是从崇高的地位跌落下来。
Narrator: : The fiercest storm of the winter broke over the second relief party as they struggled to cross the mountains.
旁白：：冬天最猛烈的暴风雨袭击了第二支救援队，他们艰难地翻越了山脉。
For two days the emigrants and rescuers huddled around a fire that sank slowly into the snow.
两天来，移民和救援人员挤在篝火周围，火慢慢地融入雪中。
It was there that the third relief party found them, 10 days later.
十天后，第三支救援队在那里找到了他们。
Relief Party member (Actor, voice-over): : The picture of distress was shocking indeed.
救援队员（演员、画外音）：：遇难的画面确实令人震惊。
They had consumed two children of Jacob Donner.
他们吃掉了雅各布·唐纳的两个孩子。
Mrs. Graves’s body was lying there with almost all the flesh cut away from her arms and limbs.
格雷夫斯夫人的尸体躺在那里，手臂和四肢几乎所有的肉都被切除了。
Her breasts were cut off, her heart and liver taken out.
她的乳房被切掉，心脏和肝脏被取出。
Her little child, about 13 months old, sat at her side, one arm upon the body of its mangled mother, sobbing bitterly, crying, “Ma!
她的小孩子大约13个月大，坐在她身边，一只手臂搭在受伤母亲的尸体上，痛苦地抽泣着，哭喊着：“妈妈！
Ma!
妈！
Ma!”
妈！”
Narrator: : When the third relief party reached the lake, only seven emigrants remained alive.
旁白： ：当第三支救援队到达湖边时，只剩下七名移民还活着。
Tamsen Donner was among them, still remarkably strong for all she’d been through.
塔姆森·唐纳（Tamsen Donner）就是其中之一，尽管经历了这一切，但她仍然非常坚强。
George, who was dying, begged her to leave.
濒临死亡的乔治恳求她离开。
Tamsen refused.
塔姆森拒绝了。
She would not let her husband die alone.
她不会让自己的丈夫独自死去。
The fourth relief party was delayed one full month by the ninth and final blizzard of what was the worst winter ever recorded in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
第四次救援队因内华达山脉有史以来最严重冬季的第九场也是最后一场暴风雪而推迟了整整一个月。
They found Lewis Keseberg in his cabin, delirious, surrounded by the half-eaten dead.
他们在刘易斯·凯斯伯格的小屋里发现了他，他精神错乱，周围都是被吃掉一半的死者。
No one else was alive.
没有其他人活着。
Tamsen Donner’s body was never found.
塔姆森·唐纳的尸体从未被发现。
Keseberg confessed to eating her remains.
凯塞伯格承认吃掉了她的遗体。
On April 21st, the last relief party left the lake.
4月21日，最后一批救援队离开湖区。
On April 25th, they reached Bear Valley.
4月25日，他们到达熊谷。
All of the survivors of the Donner Party had now come out of the mountains.
唐纳党的幸存者现在已经全部从山里出来了。
It had been one year almost to the day since the Donners and the Reeds had left their homes in Springfield, Illinois.
唐纳一家和里德一家离开伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德的家已经快一年了。
John Breen (Actor, voice-over): : It was long after dark when we got to Johnson’s ranch, so the first time I saw it was early in the morning.
约翰·布林（演员，画外音）：：当我们到达约翰逊的牧场时，天已经黑了很久，所以我第一次看到它是在清晨。
The weather was fine.
天气很好。
The ground was covered with green grass.
地面上长满了绿草。
The birds were singing from the tops of the trees and the journey was over.
鸟儿在树顶歌唱，旅程结束了。
I could scarcely believe that I was alive.
我简直不敢相信我还活着。
The scene that I saw that morning seems to be photographed on my mind.
那天早上看到的一幕幕，仿佛都被记录在了我的脑海里。
Most of the incidents are gone from memory, but I can always see the camp near Johnson’s ranch.
大多数事件都已从记忆中消失，但我总能看到约翰逊牧场附近的营地。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : California, May 16th, 1847.
弗吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：1847 年 5 月 16 日，加利福尼亚州。
My dear cousin: I take this opportunity to write to you to let you know that we are all well at present.
亲爱的表弟：我借此机会给您写信，让您知道我们目前一切都很好。
I am going to write to you about our troubles in getting to California.
我要写信告诉你我们在前往加利福尼亚州时遇到的麻烦。
We had good luck till we come to Big Sandy.
在我们来到大桑迪之前我们运气很好。
We had to stay in the California mountains all winter without Pa.
爸爸不在身边，我们整个冬天都必须待在加州山区。
We had not the first thing to eat.
我们没有先吃东西。
Narrator: : Of the 87 men, women and children in the Donner Party, 46 survived, 41 died: 5 women, 14 children and 22 men, counting John Sutter’s Indians, Lewis and Salvadore, who had risked their lives to save the emigrants.
旁白：唐纳党的 87 名男女和儿童中，46 人幸存，41 人死亡：5 名妇女、14 名儿童和 22 名男子，这还算上约翰·萨特笔下冒着生命危险拯救移民的印第安人、刘易斯和萨尔瓦多。
Two thirds of the women and children made it through.
三分之二的妇女和儿童都安然度过了难关。
Two thirds of the men perished.
三分之二的人死亡。
Of all the families, the Donners suffered the most.
在所有家庭中，唐纳一家受苦最深。
All four adults and four of the children died.
四名成人和四名儿童全部死亡。
All of the Reeds survived.
所有芦苇都幸存下来。
So did all of the Breens.
所有布林人也是如此。
The story of the Donner disaster quickly spread across the country.
唐纳灾难的故事很快传遍了全国。
Newspapers printed every word of all the letters and diaries, along with wild tales of men and women who had gotten to enjoy eating human flesh.
报纸刊登了所有信件和日记的每一个字，以及那些喜欢吃人肉的男人和女人的疯狂故事。
Emigration to California fell off sharply and Hastings’s cutoff was all but abandoned.
移民到加州的人数急剧下降，黑斯廷斯的限制几乎被放弃。
Then, in January, 1848, gold was discovered in John Sutter’s creek.
然后，1848 年 1 月，约翰·萨特 (John Sutter) 的小溪中发现了黄金。
By late 1849, more than 100,000 people had rushed to California to dig and sift near the streams and canyons where the Donner Party had suffered so much.
到 1849 年底，已有超过 10 万人涌入加利福尼亚州，在唐纳党曾遭受苦难的溪流和峡谷附近挖掘和筛选。
In 1850, California entered the union as the 31st state.
1850 年，加利福尼亚州作为第 31 个州加入联邦。
Year by year, traffic over what was now called Donner Pass increased.
年复一年，现在被称为唐纳山口的交通量不断增加。
The lake became a tourist attraction and a favorite vacation spot year-round.
该湖成为旅游景点和全年最受欢迎的度假胜地。
The terrible ordeals of the Donner Party passed into history and legend.
唐纳党的可怕磨难已成为历史和传奇。
Relics from the camps, bits of china, buttons and nails, wood shavings from the cabins became popular souvenirs.
营地里的遗物、瓷器碎片、纽扣和钉子、小屋里的木屑都成了受欢迎的纪念品。
Almost a century later, trees the emigrants had shorn off at snow level still stood as a vivid reminder of the fierce winter of 1846.
近一个世纪后，移民们因积雪而被砍伐的树木仍然矗立着，生动地提醒着人们 1846 年的严冬。
Wallace Stegner, Writer: : Oh, it’s got everything.
华莱士·斯特格纳（Wallace Stegner），作家：哦，它什么都有。
It’s a Greek tragedy.
这是一场希腊悲剧。
It’s a great test of human character.
这是对人性的极大考验。
Some people came through it heroically and some of the people in that party were far from heroes and they got worse as the conditions got worse, so that it was as if the sheep and the goats, the blessed and the unblessed, sorted themselves out against a background of terrible hardship and tragedy.
有些人英勇地度过了难关，有些人远非英雄，而且随着情况的恶化，情况也越来越糟，就好像绵羊和山羊，有福的和不幸的，在可怕的苦难和悲剧的背景下整理自己。
Narrator: : Most of the men, women and children of the Donner Party were rapidly absorbed into the population of California.
旁白：：唐纳党的大多数男人、女人和儿童很快就融入了加利福尼亚州的人口中。
Mary Graves, survivor of the “forlorn hope,” was married in May, before the snows had even melted.
玛丽·格雷夫斯（Mary Graves）是“绝望的希望”的幸存者，她于五月结婚，当时雪还没有融化。
The Breens settled in San Juan Bautista, where Patrick became a prominent rancher.
布林一家定居在圣胡安包蒂斯塔，帕特里克在那里成为了一位著名的牧场主。
Alone among the survivors, Lewis Keseberg spoke openly of eating human flesh and was reviled as a man-eater and ghoul.
刘易斯·凯塞伯格是幸存者中唯一一个公开谈论吃人肉的人，并被辱骂为食人者和食尸鬼。
During the Gold Rush, he made his fortune and in 1851 opened a restaurant in Sacramento.
在淘金热期间，他发了财，并于 1851 年在萨克拉门托开设了一家餐馆。
George and Tamsen Donner’s orphaned children were soon split up.
乔治·唐纳和塔姆森·唐纳的孤儿很快就被分开了。
Eliza and Georgia were adopted by a Swiss couple who lived near Sutter’s Fort.
伊丽莎和乔治娅被一对住在萨特堡附近的瑞士夫妇收养。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : My dear cousin: We are all very well pleased with California.
弗吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：：我亲爱的表弟：我们对加州都非常满意。
It is a beautiful country.
这是一个美丽的国家。
It ought to be a beautiful country to pay us for our trouble getting there.
它应该是一个美丽的国家，为我们为到达那里的麻烦付出代价。
Tell Henrietta if she wants to get married to come to California.
告诉亨利埃塔她是否想来加利福尼亚结婚。
She can get a Spaniard anytime.
她随时可以找个西班牙人。
Narrator: : To her father’s dismay, Virginia Reed kept the vow she’d made in the cabin by the lake and converted to Catholicism.
旁白：：令她父亲沮丧的是，弗吉尼亚·里德遵守了她在湖边小屋里许下的誓言，皈依了天主教。
When eight-year-old Patty Reed arrived in California, she pulled from her ragged dress a little bundle.
当八岁的帕蒂·里德到达加利福尼亚州时，她从破烂的衣服里拿出一个小包裹。
In it was a lock of her grandmother’s hair and a tiny doll she had carried with her all the way from Springfield.
里面有她祖母的一绺头发和她从斯普林菲尔德一路带着的小洋娃娃。
She died in 1931 at the age of 93.
她于 1931 年去世，享年 93 岁。
James Reed never spoke in public of the killing of John Snyder.
詹姆斯·里德从未公开谈论过约翰·斯奈德被杀一事。
He settled his family in San Jose, made money in real estate and gold and became one of the town’s leading citizens.
他在圣何塞定居，通过房地产和黄金赚了钱，并成为该镇的主要公民之一。
Margaret Reed’s sick headaches disappeared and never returned.
玛格丽特·里德的头痛症状消失了，而且再也没有出现过。
Lansford Hastings moved to San Francisco and went back into law, but was too restless to make a go of it.
兰斯福德·黑斯廷斯搬到旧金山并重新从事法律工作，但他太焦躁不安，无法采取行动。
During the Civil War he proposed leading an army west to seize Arizona for the Confederacy.
内战期间，他提议率领一支军队向西为联邦夺取亚利桑那州。
After the war he published The Emigrants’ Guide to Brazil and died in 1870 trying to establish a colony of ex-Confederates in South America.
战后，他出版了《巴西移民指南》，并于 1870 年去世，当时他试图在南美洲建立一个前南方邦联殖民地。
Virginia Reed (Actress, voice-over): : Oh, Mary.
弗吉尼亚·里德（演员，画外音）：哦，玛丽。
I have not wrote you half of the trouble we’ve had, but I have wrote you enough to let you know what trouble is.
我没有写给你我们所遇到的一半麻烦，但我已经写了足够多的信给你，让你知道什么是麻烦。
But thank God, we are the only family that did not eat human flesh.
但感谢上帝，我们是唯一不吃人肉的家庭。
We have left everything, but I don’t care for that.
我们已经离开了一切，但我不在乎。
We have got through with our lives.
我们已经度过了我们的生活。
Don’t let this letter dishearten anybody.
不要让这封信让任何人感到沮丧。
Remember, never take no cutoffs and hurry along as fast as you can.
请记住，切勿不加任何限制，并尽可能快地前进。
This map charts the Donner Party’s route from Independence, Missouri to Sutter’s Fort, California.
这张地图描绘了唐纳党从密苏里州独立城到加利福尼亚州萨特堡的路线。
For legions of Americans in the mid-19th century, the call of the West could not be ignored.
对于19世纪中叶的大批美国人来说，西方的呼唤不容忽视。
From November 20, 1846 to March 1, 1847, Irish immigrant Patrick Breen, a Donner party member, kept a diary of his ordeal in the mountains.
1846年11月20日至1847年3月1日，爱尔兰移民、唐纳党成员帕特里克·布林（Patrick Breen）用日记记录了他在山里的磨难。
Ric Burns wrote, directed and co-produced the film The Donner Party .
里克·伯恩斯 (Ric Burns) 担任电影《唐纳派对》的编剧、导演和联合制片人。
He describes why the story of the Donner party has had such a lasting resonance.
他描述了为什么唐纳派对的故事能引起如此持久的共鸣。
Students will examine how for many, the Donner Party’s story struck down the myth of frontier idealism.
学生们将研究对许多人来说，唐纳党的故事如何打破边疆理想主义的神话。