Custer's Last Stand

Narrator: The news flashed across telegraph wires on July 6th, 1876.

旁白：1876 年 7 月 6 日，这条消息在电报线上传开。

George Armstrong Custer and 261 members of his 7th Cavalry had been massacred by Cheyenne and Lakota warriors, near a river called the Little Bighorn, in Montana Territory.

乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特和他的第 7 骑兵团的 261 名成员在蒙大拿领地一条名为小比格霍恩的河流附近被夏延和拉科塔战士屠杀。

There were no survivors.

无人生还。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : This was a thunderbolt.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：这是一道晴天霹雳。

The West was won, how could this happen?

西方胜利了，怎么会发生这种事？

It's like the sinking of the unsinkable Titanic, you know, it just doesn't compute.

这就像不沉的泰坦尼克号的沉没，你知道，它只是无法计算。

Narrator: All across the nation -- in big cities and small towns, word of Custer's death was greeted with stunned disbelief.

旁白：全国各地——无论是大城市还是小城镇，卡斯特去世的消息都引起了人们的震惊和难以置信。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: It's shocking; it's astonishing.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金：这令人震惊；太令人惊讶了。

It's not the way the script was written.

剧本不是这样写的。

It was not supposed to end that way.

事情不应该就这样结束。

Narrator: In Philadelphia, at the Centennial International Exhibition, an exuberant celebration of America's 100th birthday, was in full swing.

旁白：在费城的百年国际博览会上，美国一百周年华诞的热烈庆祝活动正在如火如荼地进行。

As they marked their first century, Americans were in an expansive and optimistic mood.

当美国人庆祝他们的第一个世纪时，他们的心情是广阔而乐观的。

The nation had survived the Civil War, built a railroad across the continent, and was settling the vast spaces of the interior.

这个国家在内战中幸存下来，修建了一条横贯大陆的铁路，并正在内陆广阔的土地上定居。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: It's two days after the happy birthday of America.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin）：美国生日快乐两天后。

A century of incredible progress and achievement has just been celebrated.

刚刚庆祝了一个世纪令人难以置信的进步和成就。

And then comes news that Custer, this representative of the victorious military of the Civil War, of railroad building, of pushing back the frontier has been wiped out by a bunch of savages.

然后传来消息说，卡斯特，这个内战胜利军队、铁路建设、推进边境的代表，已经被一群野蛮人消灭了。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He embodied so much of America.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：他体现了美国的很多特征。

And, and not just our good impulses, but very many of our worst impulses.

而且，不仅是我们好的冲动，还有很多最糟糕的冲动。

Custer was cut down in his prime, in dramatic fashion.

卡斯特在他的巅峰时期就以戏剧性的方式被砍掉了。

And it all adds up to the making of a myth.

这一切都构成了一个神话。

Louis Warren, Historian: There was a famous poster of Custer's Last Stand produced by Budweiser that was probably hung in every bar in America at one time.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：有一张由百威啤酒制作的著名的卡斯特背水一战的海报，可能曾一度挂在美国的每个酒吧里。

It shows white men surrounded by a dark horde, unwilling to surrender, white men willing to make the last sacrifice as they fend off this enemy.

它展示了白人被黑暗部落包围，不愿投降，白人愿意在抵御这个敌人时做出最后的牺牲。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: This became the way that Americans of a certain generation came to understand the American West and to have an image of what Custer's Last Stand meant.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特：这成为某一代美国人了解美国西部并了解卡斯特最后一战的意义的方式。

Ed Lilenthal, Historian: For those of us who grew up in the 50s playing George Armstrong Custer it was incarnation of American courage and the pathos of a Last Stand.

历史学家埃德·利伦撒尔：对于我们这些在 50 年代长大的扮演乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特的人来说，这是美国勇气和背水一战的悲情的化身。

You have this individual figure on the hill, his men dead around him, because of course we all know Custer died last.

山上有这个人物，他的手下死在他周围，因为我们当然都知道卡斯特是最后死的。

And as with Errol Flynn -- with a bullet in the heart and then falls heroically to the ground.

就像埃罗尔·弗林一样——心脏中弹，然后英勇地倒在地上。

This was the way Americans expressed their courage, the way Americans died in wars.

这就是美国人表达勇气的方式，也是美国人在战争中死亡的方式。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He's the central figure in the last great battle of the Indian wars.

理查德·斯洛特金，历史学家：他是印度战争最后一场伟大战役的核心人物。

He really incarnates one of the fundamental problems in American history.

他确实体现了美国历史上的基本问题之一。

What do we really make of the progress that we made?

我们真正取得了什么进展？

What did it cost for the United States to become the country that it's become?

美国为成为现在这样的国家付出了怎样的代价？

What price was paid and who paid the price?

付出了什么代价以及谁付出了代价？

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: Standing on that battlefield on the highest point looking at that place, you can still feel it.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：站在战场的最高点看那个地方，你仍然能感觉到它。

You can still feel that battle.

你仍然可以感受到那场战斗。

You can still feel the frightened, anger; everything you can feel is still there yet.

你仍然能感受到恐惧、愤怒；你能感觉到的一切都还在那里。

Narrator: On July 3rd, 1863, outside the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the fate of the Union Army, and the course of the Civil War, hung in the balance.

旁白：1863 年 7 月 3 日，在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡小镇外，联邦军的命运以及内战的进程都悬而未决。

On the third day of a climactic battle, confederate cavalry under Jeb Stuart -- the legendary gray horsemen known as "the Invincibles," -- threatened to overrun the Union's vulnerable right flank.

在一场高潮战役的第三天，杰布·斯图尔特（Jeb Stuart）领导的同盟骑兵——被称为“无敌”的传奇灰色骑兵——威胁要占领联邦脆弱的右翼。

As the overwhelmed Union forces began to fall back, only the veteran First Michigan Cavalry remained to counter-attack.

当不堪重负的联邦军开始撤退时，只剩下经验丰富的密歇根第一骑兵队留下来反击。

At that moment, a figure came riding to the front of the Michigan lines, dressed in black velvet, his saber held high, yellow hair streaming in the wind -- it was the 23-year-old Brigadier General -- George Armstrong Custer.

就在这时，密歇根防线的最前线出现了一个人影，他身着黑色天鹅绒，军刀高举，黄色的头发随风飘扬——那是23岁的准将——乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特。

Louis Warren, Historian: Custer, who's at the head of this charge turns around and shouts 'Come on you wolverines!' And it's a full speed charge.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：卡斯特，这次冲锋的带头人，转身大喊“来吧，你们这些狼獾！”而且是全速充电。

The horses are screaming as they slam into each other.

马匹互相撞击时发出尖叫声。

Narrator: "So sudden and violent was the collision," wrote one veteran, "that many of the horses were turned end over end and crushed their riders beneath them.

旁白：“这次碰撞是如此突然和猛烈，”一位老兵写道，“许多马匹被翻了个底朝天，压垮了骑手。

The clashing of sabers, the firing of pistols, the demands for surrender, and cries of combatants, filled the air." When it was over, the Union lines had held, and Custer's wild charge had helped win the most decisive battle of the Civil War.

空气中充满了军刀的交锋、手枪的射击、投降的要求和战斗人员的呼喊声。”当战争结束时，联邦防线已经坚守，卡斯特的疯狂冲锋帮助赢得了内战中最具决定性的战斗。

Louis Warren, Historian: There is a streak of either courage or foolhardiness, and you can take your pick.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：要么勇敢，要么鲁莽，你可以选择。

But there certainly is something there that does lead him to charge headlong into guns blazing.

但肯定有某种东西导致他一头扎进枪林弹雨。

And it's a critical moment in the Union victory at Gettysburg.

这是联邦军在葛底斯堡取得胜利的关键时刻。

It was a giant risk and he took it and it paid off.

这是一个巨大的风险，他冒了这个风险，并得到了回报。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Custer in a battle was, was a thing of beauty.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：卡斯特在战斗中是一件美丽的事情。

He, he could direct people with precision, never get rattled.

他，他指挥人很精准，从来不慌乱。

I mean he just had a sense of physical courage that was inspiring.

我的意思是，他只是有一种鼓舞人心的身体勇气。

And that's a real gift when you're out there in the chaos of war.

当你身处战争的混乱之中时，这是一份真正的礼物。

And Custer had it.

卡斯特拥有它。

Narrator: "Oh, could you but have seen some of the charges that we made!" he wrote to a friend.

旁白：“哦，你能不能看看我们提出的一些指控！”他写信给一位朋友。

"While thinking of them I cannot but exclaim, 'Glorious War!'"

“每当想起他们，我就忍不住感叹，‘光荣的战争！’”

Narrator: George Custer was the first-born son of a blacksmith turned farmer from New Rumley, Ohio.

旁白：乔治·卡斯特是俄亥俄州新拉姆利一位铁匠变身农民的长子。

From an early age it was clear he was a boy determined to transcend his lowly origins, and his self-confidence so impressed his Congressman that, despite his lack of qualifications, he won a coveted spot at West Point in 1857.

从很小的时候起，他就显然是一个决心超越自己卑微出身的男孩，他的自信给他的国会议员留下了深刻的印象，尽管他缺乏资历，但他还是于 1857 年在西点军校赢得了令人垂涎的席位。

Paul Hutton, Historian: West Point offered a marvelous opportunity for a young man like Custer to rise socially.

历史学家保罗·赫顿：西点军校为像卡斯特这样的年轻人提供了一个绝佳的社会晋升机会。

Here was a way to distance himself from the community he had grown up with -- he always wanted to be more.

这是一种让自己远离伴随他长大的社区的方法——他总是想变得更远。

He really always had a sense that he wanted to be great.

他真的总是有一种感觉，他想变得伟大。

He wanted to be famous.

他想出名。

He wanted to make his mark in the world.

他想在世界上留下自己的印记。

West Point is going to provide him with that opportunity.

西点军校将为他提供这个机会。

That is of course if he can manage to get through West Point.

当然，前提是他能通过西点军校。

Narrator: Custer excelled at all the skills necessary for a promising career in the cavalry, but when he was out of his saddle, he was in a state of perpetual rebellion against authority.

旁白：卡斯特精通骑兵职业所需的所有技能，但当他离开马鞍时，他就处于一种永远反抗权威的状态。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: He lives on the edge.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：他生活在边缘。

He has a tremendous desire to fit in, but also to play with the margins.

他非常渴望融入，但也渴望边缘化。

He wants to stand out.

他想脱颖而出。

He's a risk-taker.

他是一个敢于冒险的人。

He's a daredevil.

他是个胆大妄为的人。

Narrator: By the time of his graduation from West Point, in June of 1861, Custer's insubordination had helped him compile a record of infractions never before equaled in the history of the academy.

旁白：1861 年 6 月，卡斯特从西点军校毕业时，他的不服从行为帮助他编制了学院历史上前所未有的违规记录。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Custer would finish last in his class.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：卡斯特在班上名列最后。

But he wasn't stupid by any means.

但他无论如何也不傻。

Whenever he was running into serious trouble he'd hunker down and work his way back.

每当他遇到严重麻烦时，他都会蹲下身子，努力回来。

And so in one sense, he led a chaotic, fun-filled life, but on the other there was a real discipline there.

因此，从某种意义上说，他过着混乱而充满乐趣的生活，但另一方面，他也有真正的纪律。

Narrator: Although Custer was fresh out of West Point when the war began, his exploits on the battlefield proved that he was more than ready for command.

旁白：虽然战争开始时卡斯特刚从西点军校毕业，但他在战场上的战绩证明他已经做好了指挥的准备。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He's a guy who sees his chance to rise during the war.

理查德·斯洛特金，历史学家：他是一个在战争期间看到自己崛起机会的人。

And he recognizes that the only way he, the only capital he has is his life.

他认识到，他唯一的出路，他唯一的资本就是他的生命。

He's got to put himself in a post of danger if he wants to distinguish himself.

如果他想脱颖而出，就必须将自己置于危险的境地。

And so he does.

他也确实这么做了。

He's on the firing line with his troops.

他和他的部队正处于前线。

He gets horses shot out from under him and he dresses so that he's a mark for any sniper on the field.

他的马匹从他身下被射杀，他的穿着让他成为战场上任何狙击手的目标。

He's got a huge sombrero with a feather in the cap.

他有一顶巨大的宽边帽，帽子上插着一根羽毛。

He's got a big scarlet neckerchief.

他有一条猩红色的大围巾。

He's got a velvet jacket with gold braid.

他有一件带金色辫子的天鹅绒夹克。

He's asking for it.

他正在要求它。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Custer didn't just look the part; he acted the part.

保罗·赫顿 (Paul Hutton)，历史学家：卡斯特不仅看起来很符合这个角色，而且他的外表也很符合他的要求。他扮演了这个角色。

He never asked anyone to do anything he wouldn't do himself.

他从不要求任何人做他自己不会做的事情。

In the bloodiest war in all of American history, he's in the thick of the fighting from the first battle to the last battle.

在美国历史上最血腥的战争中，从第一场战斗到最后一场战斗，他都处于最激烈的战斗之中。

And he's barely scratched.

而且他几乎没有被划伤。

It's just absolutely remarkable.

这绝对是非凡的。

'Custer's luck,' he called it and he came to believe in it.

他称之为“卡斯特的运气”，并且开始相信这一点。

Narrator: Cited for bravery in his very first engagement, at the Battle of Bull Run, Custer distinguished himself in a string of brilliant cavalry actions that made the dashing young officer a darling of the nation's press.

旁白：卡斯特在布尔朗战役中的第一次战斗中表现英勇，在一系列出色的骑兵行动中表现出色，使这位潇洒的年轻军官成为全国媒体的宠儿。

The New York Tribune proclaimed, "Future writers of fiction will find in Brigadier General Custer most of the qualities which go to make up a first-class hero." The men of his Michigan Brigade, many of them twice his age, idolized Custer, following him into some of the war's most violent engagements, proudly sporting the bright red neckties that he wore.

《纽约论坛报》宣称：“未来的小说作家会在卡斯特准将身上发现构成一流英雄的大部分品质。”他所在的密歇根旅的士兵们，其中许多人的年龄是他的两倍，他们崇拜卡斯特，跟随他参加了战争中一些最暴力的战斗，自豪地炫耀着他所佩戴的鲜红色领带。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: The Civil War was a time that called for Custer's brand of leadership.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：南北战争时期需要卡斯特式的领导力。

Somebody who was daring and brash and inspiring to the people who fought underneath him.

一个勇敢、傲慢、鼓舞人心的人，激励着他手下的人们。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: Remember, on a Civil War battlefield everything is visual.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：记住，在内战战场上，一切都是视觉的。

He has to be a great actor.

他必须是一个伟大的演员。

He has to get out in front of his men and perform courage.

他必须在他的手下面前表现出勇气。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: And that image of Custer, not at the back, but at the front, with his sword out, that's the Custer that put him on the cover of Harper's Weekly and that everybody came to associate him with.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特：卡斯特的形象不是在后面，而是在前面，手里拿着剑，这就是卡斯特让他登上了《哈珀周刊》的封面，每个人都将他与他联系在一起。

Narrator: Now, with his triumph at the Battle of Gettysburg, Custer had become one of the most famous officers of the war.

旁白：现在，卡斯特在葛底斯堡战役中取得胜利，成为战争中最著名的军官之一。

He was known as 'The Boy General.' He stayed on the front lines until the very last day of the conflict, receiving the flag of truce when General Robert E.

他被称为“童子将军”。他一直坚守在前线，直到冲突的最后一天，当罗伯特·E·肯尼迪将军 (General Robert E.

Lee finally surrendered at Appomattox, on April 9th, 1865.

1865 年 4 月 9 日，李最终在阿波马托克斯投降。

Custer's most admiring commander, Lieutenant General Philip Sheridan, gave him the table upon which the peace terms were signed, along with a note to Custer's wife Libbie.

卡斯特最欣赏的指挥官菲利普·谢里登中将给了他一张签署和平条款的桌子，以及一张写给卡斯特妻子利比的纸条。

"...permit me to say, Madam," it read, "that there is scarcely an individual in our service who has contributed more to bring about this desirable result than your gallant husband."

“……请允许我说，女士，”信上写道，“在我们的服务中，几乎没有人比您英勇的丈夫为实现这一理想结果做出了更多贡献。”

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: One of the things that's remarkable about Custer is the number of photographs that are made of him.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：卡斯特的非凡之处之一是为他拍摄的照片数量。

He understood that there was a new kind of visual imagery at work in society and that it could be manipulated.

他明白社会中有一种新的视觉意象在发挥作用，而且它是可以被操纵的。

Louis Warren, Historian: Custer's costumes and his long cascading hair, right, all that cavalier look.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：卡斯特的服装和他垂落的长发，对吧，所有这些都是骑士的样子。

What's he playing into there?

他在那里玩什么？

Well partly he's drawing on popular literature.

他在一定程度上借鉴了流行文学。

And he's drawing on the legend of the Knight-errant and the cavalier.

他借鉴了游侠和骑士的传说。

And he kind of mixes them all together to come up with this figure.

他将它们混合在一起得出了这个数字。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He grows his hair long and perfumes his hair with cinnamon oil.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：他把头发留得很长，并用肉桂油给头发加香水。

And he takes pride in his girlish good-looks and his fine complexion.

他对自己少女般的美貌和细腻的肤色感到自豪。

And I think one of the things that makes him so prominent as a figure is the success with which he mingles this feminine, masculine, gentleman, roughneck combination and brings it off.

我认为他作为一个人物如此突出的原因之一是他成功地将女性、男性、绅士、粗工的组合融合在一起，并取得了成功。

Louis Warren, Historian: There are men who look at him at the time and think, this guy looks like a circus performer.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：当时有些人看着他并认为，这个人看起来像马戏团演员。

There are people who look at Custer and say, what a freak.

有些人看着卡斯特说，真是个怪胎。

But most of the time it's working for him.

但大多数时候这对他来说是有效的。

Just about every public figure in the late 19th century had to have some kind of theatrical persona, Custer had a profoundly theatrical sensibility.

19 世纪末几乎每个公众人物都必须具有某种戏剧形象，卡斯特就具有深厚的戏剧敏感性。

He had a way of arriving that everyone would see and would pay attention.

他有一种每个人都会看到并关注的到达方式。

Narrator: During the months following the surrender at Appomattox, Custer would find peace more challenging than war.

旁白：在阿波马托克斯投降后的几个月里，卡斯特发现和平比战争更具挑战性。

He had won a battlefield commission to Major General of Volunteers, but was now a lowly Captain in the regular army.

他获得了志愿军少将的战场任命，但现在是正规军中的一名低级上尉。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: In this post-war army it's shrunk from an army of, at the end of the war it was something like a million and a half men under arms to what, 30,000, something like that.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：在这支战后军队中，战争结束时，武装部队的人数从大约一百五十人缩减到了三万人左右。

The officer corps is shrunk way down.

军官队伍大幅缩水。

And nobody's going to get promoted.

而且没有人会得到晋升。

People are going to spend 30 years at whatever rank they happen to be in.

人们将在30年的时间里度过30年，无论他们处于什么级别。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He was not leading men to war for a good cause anymore.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：他不再带领人们为了正义的事业而战。

The military was being downsized dramatically.

军队正在大幅缩编。

During the Civil War there was a battle it seemed every day, I mean a pace of life that just could not be sustained.

内战期间，似乎每天都有一场战斗，我指的是一种无法持续的生活节奏。

And suddenly it was over.

突然一切都结束了。

He was at sea.

他在海上。

Paul Hutton, Historian: He really just doesn't know what to do.

历史学家保罗·赫顿：他真的不知道该怎么办。

And so he turns to the one person that he actually counts on the most, the person that has the most influence over him, the person who really is the bedrock upon which he stands and that is his wife, Elizabeth Bacon Custer.

因此，他转向了他实际上最依赖的一个人，一个对他影响最大的人，一个真正是他站立的基石的人，那就是他的妻子伊丽莎白·培根·卡斯特。

Actor, reading words of Libbie Custer: Oh Autie, we must die together.

演员，朗读莉比·卡斯特的话：噢，奥蒂，我们必须一起死去。

Better the humblest life together than the loftiest, divided.

最卑微的在一起生活比最崇高的分裂生活要好。

Actor, reading words of George Custer: Need I repeat to my darling that while living she is my all, and if Destiny wills me to die, my last prayer will be for her, my last breath will speak her name and that Heaven will not be Heaven till we are joined together.

演员，朗读乔治·卡斯特的话：我需要向我亲爱的重复一遍，在活着的时候，她就是我的全部，如果命运要我死去，我最后的祈祷将为她，我最后的呼吸将说出她的名字，直到我们结合在一起，天堂才算天堂。

Narrator: They had first met in the small town of Monroe, Michigan, where Custer had come as a boy of 14 to live with his half-sister and attend school at the Stebbins Academy.

旁白：他们第一次见面是在密歇根州的门罗小镇，14 岁的卡斯特来到这里与他同父异母的妹妹住在一起，并在斯特宾斯学院 (Stebbins Academy) 上学。

He had returned in the fall of 1862, a dashing 23-year old Captain on the staff of General George McClellan, and one of Monroe's most eligible bachelors.

1862 年秋天，他回来了，23 岁，是乔治·麦克莱伦将军手下的一名风度翩翩的上尉，也是门罗最有资格的单身汉之一。

Three years younger than Custer, she was known as Libbie, the radiant and sophisticated only daughter of Monroe's prominent Judge, Daniel Bacon.

她比卡斯特小三岁，被称为莉比，是梦露著名法官丹尼尔·培根的独生女，容光焕发、世故。

She was also one of the most sought-after girls at the Young Ladies' Seminary.

她也是年轻女士神学院最受欢迎的女孩之一。

Louise Barnett, Historian: Libbie was not immediately impressed by Custer when they first met, but he was so persistent.

路易丝·巴尼特（Louise Barnett），历史学家：当他们第一次见面时，利比并没有立即对卡斯特留下深刻的印象，但他是如此执着。

He told her that he had vowed to marry her from the get-go, and he just kept at it and even though her father disapproved, she ultimately was won over, by the fact that she seemed to be the supreme thing for Custer in his life.

他告诉她，他从一开始就发誓要娶她，而且他一直坚持下去，尽管她父亲不同意，但她最终还是被说服了，因为她似乎是卡斯特生命中最重要的事情。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : She was a catch.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：她是一个陷阱。

And she was pretty too and, and very bright.

她也很漂亮，而且非常聪明。

And I think that would have appealed to Custer.

我认为这会吸引卡斯特。

They had a, a real passionate relationship that both of them idealized.

他们有一种真正充满激情的关系，双方都将其理想化。

Actor, reading words of Libbie Custer: Oh how dear he is.

演员，读着莉比·卡斯特的话：噢，他真是太可爱了。

I love him so.

我是如此爱他。

His words linger in my ears, his kisses on my lips.

他的话在我耳边萦绕，他的吻在我唇上萦绕。

I forget everything sometimes when I think of him...

有时一想起他我就会忘记一切...

If loving with one's whole soul is insanity I am ripe for an insane asylum.

如果全心全意地爱一个人就是疯狂，那么我已经准备好去精神病院了。

Shirley Leckie, Historian: The two of them put forth this image of the cavalier and his lady, which is very pleasing, to Libbie, because she doesn't want a mundane life, she wants a life of excitement.

雪莉·莱基（Shirley Leckie），历史学家：他们两人提出了骑士和他的夫人的形象，这让莉比非常满意，因为她不想要平凡的生活，她想要刺激的生活。

Narrator: Custer's astonishing rise through the ranks swept aside whatever reservations Judge Bacon may have had about the match, and the couple were married on February 9th, 1864.

旁白：卡斯特在职位上的惊人崛起一扫培根法官对这场婚姻的所有保留意见，这对夫妇于 1864 年 2 月 9 日结婚。

After a brief honeymoon, Custer was called back to duty.

短暂的蜜月后，卡斯特被召回岗位。

His new wife headed straight to the front to be with him.

他的新婚妻子直接前往前线陪伴他。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Libbie, contrary to almost all army officers' wives wants to be there.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：与几乎所有军官的妻子相反，莉比想要在那里。

So she is in many instances in a tent or in a house very near where the fighting is occurring.

因此，在很多情况下，她都在距离战斗发生地很近的帐篷或房子里。

And this is a pattern that they would keep to throughout Custer's life.

这是他们在卡斯特一生中一直遵循的模式。

She was in her own way a very charismatic, stalwart figure.

她以自己的方式成为一个非常有魅力、坚定的人物。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: There was a sense that his career was a joint project between the two of them.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：有一种感觉，他的职业生涯是他们两人的共同项目。

I think Libbie saw in Custer a kind of aspiration to greatness and she wanted to be a part of that.

我认为莉比在卡斯特身上看到了一种对伟大的渴望，她想成为其中的一部分。

Narrator: When the fighting forced them apart, they wrote to one another incessantly , in letters that sometimes ran 20 pages or more.

旁白：当战斗迫使他们分开时，他们不断地给彼此写信，有时信件长达20页甚至更多。

He called her "My Rosebud," or "My Darling Sunbeam," or sometimes "My Little Durl." She called him "Autie," a childhood rendering of his middle name, Armstrong, or "Dear Old Standby," or sometimes just "Beau" and from the onset, they saw their lives as inseparable from one another.

他称她为“我的玫瑰花蕾”，或“我亲爱的阳光”，有时也称“我的小杜尔”。她称他为“Autie”，这是他的中间名阿姆斯特朗的童年翻译，或者“亲爱的老待机”，有时只是“Beau”，从一开始，他们就认为自己的生活是彼此密不可分的。

Actor, reading words of George Custer: When I think of how successful I have been of late and how much has been said of my conduct and gallantry I think, "She will hear of it, and will be proud of her Boy!"

演员，读乔治·卡斯特的话：当我想到我最近取得的成功以及人们对我的行为和英勇的评价时，我想，“她会听到的，并会为她的儿子感到骄傲！”

Actor, reading words of Libbie Custer: Remember, I cannot love as I do without my life blending with yours.

演员，读莉比·卡斯特的话：记住，如果我的生活不与你的生活融为一体，我就无法像现在这样去爱。

I would not lose my individuality, but would be, as a wife should be, part of her husband, a life within a life.

我不会失去自己的个性，而是会像妻子应有的那样，成为丈夫的一部分，成为生命中的生命。

I was never an admirer of a submissive wife, but I wish to look to my husband as superior in judgment and experience and to be guided by him in all things.

我从来都不是顺从的妻子的崇拜者，但我希望我的丈夫在判断力和经验上都比我优越，并在所有事情上都受到他的指导。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : They had a true partnership.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：他们有着真正的伙伴关系。

She did everything she could to, to promote her husband because she really felt that he had something to offer and, and you know that he was making history.

她竭尽全力提升她的丈夫，因为她真的觉得他可以提供一些东西，而且你知道他正在创造历史。

Narrator: Finally, in the fall of 1866, Custer received an offer to join the 7th Cavalry, a new regiment being mustered out to the Southern Plains of Kansas and Oklahoma.

旁白：最终，1866 年秋天，卡斯特收到了加入第七骑兵团的邀请，这是一个正在向堪萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州南部平原集结的新团。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: He gets promoted to lieutenant colonel within the regular army.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：他在正规军中晋升为中校。

And he's able to really act as a major force in shaping this regiment.

他能够真正成为塑造这个团的主要力量。

And that becomes his salvation.

这成为他的救赎。

Narrator: In mid-October, 1866, George and Libbie, their cook Eliza, and Custer's pack of staghounds, arrived at Fort Riley, in northeastern Kansas.

旁白：1866 年 10 月中旬，乔治和莉比、他们的厨师伊丽莎以及卡斯特的一群鹿猎犬抵达堪萨斯州东北部的赖利堡。

By then, the western frontier was awash in conflict.

那时，西部边境已陷入冲突。

As railroads continued to push further west, and new waves of settlers followed in their wake, the clashes with Indians on the Northern and Southern Plains had intensified.

随着铁路继续向西推进，新一波的定居者紧随其后，北部和南部平原与印第安人的冲突愈演愈烈。

Eastern reformers in the Indian Bureau promoted a policy of tolerance and accommodation towards the tribes, while westerners demanded their subjugation, if not outright extermination.

印度局中的东方改革者推行对部落的宽容和迁就政策，而西方人则要求征服他们，甚至彻底消灭他们。

Like most army officers, Custer had to operate under this contradictory policy, and now he and the 7th Cavalry, serving under Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, were charged with chasing down Cheyenne and Lakota bands that had been raiding the new settlements along the Kansas frontier.

和大多数军官一样，卡斯特必须在这种矛盾的政策下行动，现在他和在温菲尔德·斯科特·汉考克少将麾下服役的第七骑兵团负责追击袭击堪萨斯边境沿线新定居点的夏延和拉科塔部落。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: Custer goes out to the Indian frontier.

理查德·斯洛特金，历史学家：卡斯特前往印度边境。

It's really the only active theater of operations.

它确实是唯一活跃的战区。

The struggle he gets involved with has been called Hancock's war.

他参与的斗争被称为汉考克战争。

And it's botched from the start.

而且从一开始就搞砸了。

Louis Warren, Historian: This isn't like the Confederates.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：这不像南方联盟。

The Sioux and the Cheyenne and the Arapaho, they don't know the histories of say, Napoleon Bonaparte's armies and they don't care.

苏族、夏安族和阿拉帕霍族，他们不知道拿破仑·波拿巴军队的历史，他们也不在乎。

Custer camps on top of hills so that he has a view of the countryside.

卡斯特在山顶露营，这样他就可以看到乡村的景色。

Builds big fires.

产生大火。

Well the first thing that happens is the enemy sees him and goes away.

首先发生的事情是敌人看到他并走开。

What he doesn't realize is he's fighting what we have come to know as a guerrilla war.

他没有意识到他正在打一场我们所知的游击战。

It's not that he doesn't have courage to show, it's that he doesn't have a place to show it in, because he can't find the enemy and display the courage the way he's used to.

不是他没有勇气展现，而是他没有地方展现，因为他无法像以前那样找到敌人，展现勇气。

Narrator: Hancock's campaign dragged on for an entire summer, and an increasingly restless Custer endured a series of fruitless skirmishes, inconclusive negotiations, and miserable rain that mired his troops in thick mud.

旁白：汉考克的战役拖了整整一个夏天，越来越焦躁的卡斯特经历了一系列毫无结果的小冲突、没有结果的谈判，以及让他的部队陷入泥泞的悲惨大雨。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: Custer is frustrated; it's a wild goose chase.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金：卡斯特很沮丧；这是一场徒劳的追逐。

It's a mismanaged campaign.

这是一场管理不善的活动。

He's getting nowhere; he misses his wife.

他一事无成；他想念他的妻子。

He's not very happy.

他不太高兴。

Louise Barnett, Historian: The conditions are just so different for him.

历史学家路易丝·巴尼特（Louise Barnett）：对他来说，情况实在是太不同了。

The soldiers are not of the caliber that he's used to, it's a much smaller field of endeavor; he's distracted by having been apart from Libbie for a long period of time.

士兵们的素质不符合他以前的习惯，这是一个小得多的领域；他因与莉比分开很长一段时间而心烦意乱。

And I think all of these things together cause him to go off the rails.

我认为所有这些事情加在一起导致他脱轨。

Narrator: While a depressed Libbie waited for their return to Fort Riley, Custer's mood darkened , and morale amongst his men plummeted.

旁白：当郁闷的利比等待他们返回赖利堡时，卡斯特的情绪变得阴郁，他的部下士气一落千丈。

During one particularly brutal march along the Republican River, desertion from his regiment became so brazen that one group of men left camp in broad daylight.

在沿着共和河进行的一次特别残酷的行军中，他的团里的逃兵变得如此肆无忌惮，以至于一群人在光天化日之下离开了营地。

Enraged, Custer ordered the soldiers tracked down and told Major Joel Elliott he wanted him to "bring none in alive." Several of the deserters were killed, and others badly wounded.

愤怒的卡斯特下令追查这些士兵，并告诉乔尔·埃利奥特少校，他希望他“不要生擒任何人”。几名逃兵被杀，其他人受重伤。

On July 13th, 1867, Custer's column limped into camp near Fort Wallace.

1867 年 7 月 13 日，卡斯特的纵队一瘸一拐地进入华莱士堡附近的营地。

Before his exhausted troops had time to recover, Custer suddenly ordered four officers, and 72 men to accompany him on a punishing 150-mile march to Fort Riley, lasting 55 straight hours.

在疲惫不堪的部队有时间恢复之前，卡斯特突然命令四名军官和 72 名士兵陪同他进行 150 英里的艰苦行军，持续 55 个小时，前往赖利堡。

Louis Warren, Historian: He gets word that Libbie has arrived at a fort, which is quite some distance away, and force marches his men at an incredible rate in order to get back to her.

路易斯·沃伦，历史学家：他得到消息说莉比已经到达了一个距离很远的堡垒，于是他以令人难以置信的速度派出部队，以便回到她身边。

And some of the men who can't keep up, whose horses become lame, are left behind.

一些无法跟上的人，他们的马变得跛了，被抛在了后面。

At least one is killed by Indians, others are wounded.

至少一人被印第安人杀害，其他人受伤。

Narrator: The couple spent only 24 hours together, before Custer returned to his command, but an outraged General Hancock saw to it that Custer was court-martialed for abandoning his regiment and ordering deserters shot without trial.

旁白：这对夫妇只在一起度过了 24 小时，卡斯特就回到了指挥部，但愤怒的汉考克将军将卡斯特因抛弃他的团并未经审判下令枪杀逃兵而送上了军事法庭。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: It's a very strange moment in Custer's career.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：这是卡斯特职业生涯中一个非常奇怪的时刻。

Custer was impulsive; he was a risk-taker.

卡斯特很冲动。他是一个敢于冒险的人。

But he was also ambitious and this was probably the most dangerous thing he ever did to his career.

但他也雄心勃勃，这可能是他对自己的职业生涯做过的最危险的事情。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He seems to have lost control.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金：他似乎失去了控制。

And to have just bolted from a situation that for all kinds of reasons he found intolerable.

出于各种原因，他刚刚摆脱了一种无法忍受的境地。

Narrator: At Fort Leavenworth, Custer vigorously defended his actions, charge by charge.

旁白：在莱文沃斯堡，卡斯特逐项有力地为自己的行为辩护。

He was found guilty on all counts, suspended from his rank and command, and denied pay for a year.

他被判所有罪名有罪，被停职和停职，并被扣发一年工资。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : For Libbie, the circumstances of this court-martial were truly romantic.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：对于莉比来说，这次军事法庭的情况确实很浪漫。

It was Armstrong coming back to her and she, she said that you know, after this long march to her, they would have that one perfect day.

是阿姆斯特朗回到了她身边，她，她说，你知道，在她的长途跋涉之后，他们将会度过完美的一天。

Paul Hutton, Historian: I believe that she embraced that moment so much because it proved to her that she was more important than the army.

历史学家保罗·赫顿：我相信她非常拥抱那一刻，因为这向她证明了她比军队更重要。

He's throwing away his entire career, and he has to know it, to be with her.

他正在放弃自己的整个事业，他必须知道这一点，才能和她在一起。

And so on a personal level Custer's ride is an affirmation of their love.

因此，在个人层面上，卡斯特的骑行是对他们爱情的肯定。

On a professional level it's catastrophic.

从专业角度来看，这是灾难性的。

Narrator: Custer's first Indian campaign had ended in almost total failure -- he had been unable to find, let alone fight, most of the Indian troublemakers, his discipline problems had left his regiment deeply divided, and his own career now lay in ruins.

旁白：卡斯特的第一次印第安战役几乎以彻底失败告终——他无法找到大多数印第安麻烦制造者，更不用说与之战斗了，他的纪律问题使他的团陷入了深深的分裂，而他自己的事业现在也陷入了废墟。

Libbie vigorously defended her husband.

莉比极力为她的丈夫辩护。

"When he ran the risk of a court-martial...

“当他冒着被送上军事法庭的风险时......

he did it expecting the consequences," she wrote to a friend back home, "and we are quite determined not to live apart again, even if he leaves the army otherwise so delightful to us." General Sheridan hosted the couple at Fort Leavenworth for several months, but eventually they returned to a long, hot summer back in Monroe.

他这么做是预料到了后果，”她写信给家乡的一位朋友，“我们决心不再分开，即使他离开军队，否则对我们来说是那么愉快。”谢里登将军在莱文沃斯堡接待了这对夫妇几个月，但最终他们回到了门罗，度过了漫长而炎热的夏天。

George and Libbie still had each other, but it seemed as though the vaunted run of 'Custer's Luck' had finally run out.

乔治和莉比仍然在一起，但似乎吹嘘的“卡斯特的运气”终于结束了。

Narrator: In July of 1868, after a dispute with a corrupt Indian agent, Cheyenne warriors attacked the white settlements along the Kansas frontier, killing 15 men and raping five women.

旁白：1868 年 7 月，在与腐败的印第安特工发生争执后，夏延武士袭击了堪萨斯边境沿线的白人定居点，杀死了 15 名男子并强奸了 5 名妇女。

Within weeks the entire region was once again engulfed in violence.

几周之内，整个地区再次陷入暴力之中。

Determined to bring the Indians to heel, Generals Sherman and Sheridan resolved to use the tactics that had defeated the Confederacy against the Indians of the West.

谢尔曼将军和谢里登将军决心让印第安人就范，决定使用击败南方邦联的战术来对付西部印第安人。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : The thought was that if we went in the winter, when the Cheyenne were forced to stay in their winter camps, we could capture them.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：我们的想法是，如果我们在冬天去，当夏安人被迫留在他们的冬营里时，我们可以捕获他们。

What Sheridan is doing is bringing the war to the Cheyenne in a way that had never been done before.

谢里登正在做的是以一种前所未有的方式将战争带到夏延。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Indians raided in the spring and the summer.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：印第安人在春季和夏季进行袭击。

When the grass was high, their ponies were fat.

当草长得很高时，他们的小马就很肥。

During the winter, they hunkered down in secluded camps, usually on rivers or streams.

冬天，他们蹲在僻静的营地里，通常是在河边或小溪边。

They had always been protected by the enormous distance of the West from their foes.

他们一直受到西方与敌人的巨大距离的保护。

But now Sheridan felt that his well-supplied troopers could hunt the Indians down in their winter camps.

但现在谢里登觉得他的部队补给充足，可以在印第安人的冬季营地里追捕他们。

This is ruthless war.

这是残酷的战争。

You destroy the will of the people.

你摧毁了人民的意志。

You impoverish them, you bring pestilence upon them, and break them.

你使他们陷入贫困，你给他们带来瘟疫，并摧毁他们。

Narrator: While Sheridan got ready to put his bold new plan into action, George and Libbie were still stuck in Monroe, and Custer's career was at a standstill.

旁白：当谢里登准备将他大胆的新计划付诸实施时，乔治和莉比仍然被困在门罗，而卡斯特的职业生涯也陷入了停滞。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He's in serious difficulty, financially speaking.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：从经济上来说，他陷入了严重的困难。

He's earning a little bit of money by writing for hunting magazines, outdoor kind of magazines.

他通过为狩猎杂志和户外杂志撰稿来赚点钱。

The pay is pretty much all he has to live on.

工资几乎是他生活的全部。

He's gone from being major general of volunteers, now he's not only lieutenant colonel of his regiment, he's a suspended lieutenant colonel of his regiment.

他不再是志愿军少将，现在不仅是团里的中校，还是团里停职的中校。

Whatever glory is being won, is being won by other people.

无论赢得什么荣耀，都是由其他人赢得的。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Libbie and George are, are languishing in Monroe, Michigan.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战：莉比和乔治》的作者，正在密歇根州门罗苦苦挣扎。

There's still several months left on the, the year unpaid leave when Custer gets a telegram from Sheridan, who is leading a new kind of campaign against the Cheyenne.

当卡斯特收到谢里登的电报时，今年的无薪假期还剩几个月，谢里登正在领导一场针对夏安族的新运动。

Custer is called back and thus begins the new chapter of his, his career in the West.

卡斯特被召回，从而开始了他在西部职业生涯的新篇章。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Sheridan knows that he can count on Custer to do the nasty, dirty, really unpleasant business that is Indian warfare.

保罗·赫顿（Paul Hutton），历史学家：谢里登知道他可以指望卡斯特去做肮脏、肮脏、令人不愉快的事情，那就是印度战争。

He knew Custer had the vigor, the energy and the ambition to accomplish what was needed.

他知道卡斯特有活力、精力和雄心来完成所需的任务。

Narrator: On November 23rd, 1868, Custer and his 7th Cavalry left their base called Camp Supply in western Oklahoma, and marching through heavy snow and bitter cold, set out in search of Indians.

旁白：1868年11月23日，卡斯特和他的第七骑兵团离开位于俄克拉荷马州西部的补给营基地，冒着大雪和严寒出发，出发寻找印第安人。

Three days later they struck the trail of a war party heading south and followed it until it led to a Cheyenne village along the banks of the Washita River.

三天后，他们发现了一支向南前进的战队的踪迹，并跟踪它，直到到达瓦西塔河畔的一个夏延村庄。

Custer had no idea how many Indians were in the camp, or whether they were in fact the hostile warriors he was seeking, but he was determined to attack.

卡斯特不知道营地里有多少印第安人，也不知道他们是否真的是他要寻找的敌对战士，但他决心攻击。

In the darkness, he divided his regiment into four detachments, and had them quietly surround the village.

黑暗中，他将自己的团分成四个小队，悄悄地包围了村庄。

Then, Custer ordered his men to wait in the freezing cold for dawn.

然后，卡斯特命令他的部下在严寒中等待黎明。

Louis Warren, Historian: The tracks lead straight into the village of Chief Black Kettle who was renowned as a peace chief among the Cheyenne.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：这些小径直接通向黑水壶酋长的村庄，他在夏延族中被誉为和平领袖。

And Custer, following the tracks, decides to attack the village.

卡斯特沿着踪迹决定攻击村庄。

Narrator: At first light, with temperatures so cold the instruments froze to the musicians' lips, Custer instructed his band to strike up his favorite song, Garry Owen .

旁白：天一亮，气温如此寒冷，乐器都冻在音乐家的嘴唇上，卡斯特指示他的乐队演奏他最喜欢的歌曲《加里·欧文》。

"At last the inspiring strains of this rollicking tune broke forth," one Lieutenant remembered, "On rushed these surging cavalcades from all directions, a mass of Uncle Sam's cavalry thirsty for glory..."

一位中尉回忆道：“这首欢快曲调的鼓舞人心的曲调终于爆发了，这些汹涌的骑兵队伍从四面八方冲来，山姆大叔的骑兵渴望荣耀……”

Richard Slotkin, Historian: You ride into the village in the snow, you're shooting anything that moves.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：你在雪地里骑马进入村庄，拍摄任何移动的东西。

You're shooting women, you're shooting children.

你在射杀妇女，你在射杀儿童。

You're shooting old people.

你在向老人开枪。

You're shooting people who are shooting at you.

你正在向向你开枪的人开枪。

You're shooting people who are running away.

你正在向逃跑的人开枪。

You're shooting people who are trying to surrender.

你正在射杀那些试图投降的人。

It's a madhouse.

这是一个疯人院。

And a lot people in Black Kettle's village are killed, including Black Kettle himself.

黑壶村里很多人都被杀了，包括黑壶本人。

Narrator: The battle was over in minutes.

旁白：战斗几分钟后就结束了。

One hundred three Indians lay dead, a handful were warriors, but many more were old men, women and children.

一百三名印第安人死去，其中少数是战士，但更多的是老人、妇女和儿童。

Phil Deloria, Historian: To attack at dawn, to attack a village that's full of a few warriors, a lot of women, a lot of children, and to kill indiscriminately, as often happens in these battles, right.

Phil Deloria，历史学家：在黎明时发动攻击，攻击一个充满了几个战士、很多妇女、很多儿童的村庄，并且不分青红皂白地杀戮，就像这些战斗中经常发生的那样，对吧。

I mean this is a new kind of warfare and, and it reflects contempt for Indian people as human beings.

我的意思是，这是一种新型战争，它反映了对印度人民作为人类的蔑视。

And Custer's right there at the heart of it.

卡斯特就处于这一切的核心。

Narrator: Five of Custer's men were killed, and a dozen wounded in the mayhem.

旁白：卡斯特的五名手下在混乱中丧生，十几人受伤。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: What Custer doesn't realize is that this village is actually an outlier and that just down the river are a series of villages holding many more Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians than he expected.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：卡斯特没有意识到，这个村庄实际上是一个异常值，就在河下游，有一系列村庄，居住着比他预期更多的夏延和阿拉帕霍印第安人。

By the end of the day, those Indians are starting to come up river and see where the 7th Cavalry is.

到了一天结束时，那些印第安人开始逆流而上，看看​​第七骑兵团在哪里。

Custer then has to get out of the Washita safely and quickly.

然后卡斯特必须安全快速地离开瓦西塔号。

So he marshals his men and they start to ride off toward those other villages.

于是他召集了他的部下，开始骑马前往其他村庄。

It's a feint and a fake and it works.

这是一个佯攻和假动作，但它确实有效。

The warriors who've been surrounding them go back to protect their villages.

包围他们的战士们回去保护他们的村庄。

Under cover of darkness, Custer then doubles back his men and they start heading back north, toward Fort Supply.

在黑暗的掩护下，卡斯特随后将他的人马折返，他们开始向北返回补给堡。

It's actually probably one of Custer's most brilliant military maneuvers.

这实际上可能是卡斯特最出色的军事演习之一。

Narrator: As they approached the fort, Custer arranged his column as if in a parade, his Osage scouts in the lead, singing their war songs, followed by 53 captive Cheyenne women and children, escorted by the 7th Cavalry, in formation, their rifles and sabers glinting in the sun.

旁白：当他们接近堡垒时，卡斯特把他的纵队排列得好像在游行一样，他的奥塞奇侦察兵走在前面，唱着战歌，后面跟着 53 名被俘的夏安妇女和儿童，由第七骑兵队护送，排成队形，他们的步枪和军刀在阳光下闪闪发光。

But the celebration was dampened by the news that not all of the members of the regiment had returned safely.

但由于并非所有团员都安全返回的消息，庆祝活动受到了影响。

Major Joel Elliott and his company were missing and presumed dead.

乔尔·埃利奥特少校和他的连队失踪并被推定死亡。

In the midst of the battle, Elliott and his men had set off in pursuit of some Cheyenne warriors, and disappeared.

在战斗中，埃利奥特和他的部下出发去追击一些夏延战士，然后消失了。

In danger of being surrounded, and with darkness approaching, Custer had refused to search for them.

面临被包围的危险，并且随着黑暗的临近，卡斯特拒绝寻找他们。

Their mutilated bodies were discovered several weeks later.

几周后，人们发现了他们残缺不全的尸体。

Some members of the 7th believed Custer had deserted Elliott and his men, and never forgave him.

第七军团的一些成员认为卡斯特已经抛弃了埃利奥特和他的部下，并且从未原谅他。

Foremost amongst Custer's detractors was the regimen's senior captain, Frederick Benteen.

卡斯特最重要的批评者是军团的高级上尉弗雷德里克·本廷。

Louis Warren, Historian: He feels that Elliott and his men were abandoned in the field and that this is unforgivable.

路易斯·沃伦，历史学家：他认为埃利奥特和他的部下被遗弃在战场上，这是不可原谅的。

He feels that Custer is mostly about theatrics and that he will stop at nothing to advance his own career, even getting his own men killed.

他觉得卡斯特主要是在做戏，他会不惜一切代价推进自己的事业，甚至杀死自己的手下。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He thought Custer was pushing the envelope way too hard.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：他认为卡斯特太过于挑战极限。

And this really got stuck in Benteen's craw.

这确实让本廷感到困惑。

Paul Hutton, Historian: He felt Custer had deserted Elliott at the Washita.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：他觉得卡斯特在瓦西塔抛弃了埃利奥特。

And Benteen was totally embittered by this.

本廷对此感到非常愤怒。

This caused a rift not only between Benteen and Custer but really a rift in the entire regiment.

这不仅在本廷和卡斯特之间造成了裂痕，而且在整个团中也造成了裂痕。

The desertion of Elliott at the Washita would haunt the regiment all the way to Little Bighorn.

埃利奥特在瓦什塔河的逃兵事件一直困扰着整个团，一直到小比格霍恩。

Narrator: Some newspapers back east claimed Custer was responsible for an Indian massacre, but his triumphant version of events would rule the day.

旁白：东部的一些报纸声称卡斯特对印第安人大屠杀负有责任，但他对事件的胜利版本将统治这一天。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Custer is hailed as the greatest Indian fighter on the plains.

历史学家保罗·赫顿：卡斯特被誉为平原上最伟大的印第安战士。

Here is the first successful blow against the Plains tribes by the United States Army.

这是美国陆军对平原部落的第一次成功打击。

And Custer and the 7th Cavalry are praised throughout the East.

卡斯特和第七骑兵团在整个东方都受到赞誉。

Ed Lilenthal, Historian: In many ways, the Washita establishes Custer as an Indian fighter, and this is his, his next incarnation as a warrior from, from the Civil War general.

埃德·利伦塔尔（Ed Lilenthal），历史学家：在很多方面，瓦西塔人都将卡斯特塑造为一名印度战士，而这是他的下一个化身，他是内战将军的战士。

And is a very important weigh station on his way to celebrity status in the culture.

这是他在文化中走向名人地位的一个非常重要的衡量站。

Narrator: It was "the hardest fought and bloodiest Indian battle which has taken place on the continent during many a year," proclaimed the New York Times , "one or two repetitions of Custer's victory will give us peace on the Plains." Despite the loss of Elliott and his men, Custer's exploits at what had become known as the "Battle of the Washita" had made him famous once more, this time as a hero of the American frontier.

旁白：《纽约时报》宣称，这是“多年来在这片大陆上发生的最艰苦、最血腥的印第安人战斗”，“卡斯特胜利的一两次重复将为我们带来平原上的和平。”尽管埃利奥特和他的部下阵亡，但卡斯特在后来被称为“瓦希塔河之战”的战事中的功绩使他再次声名大噪，这次是作为美国边境的英雄。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Custer's salvation would be the West.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：卡斯特的拯救将是西方。

It would be the Plains where he could ride his horse as fast as he had ever done in a cavalry charge during the Civil War.

在平原上，他可以像内战期间骑兵冲锋时那样快地骑马。

It was a new land of exoticism, of discovery, of danger.

这是一片充满异国情调、充满发现、充满危险的新土地。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: One of the reasons the frontier is such a powerful myth is it's about possibility and self-making.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：边疆之所以成为如此强大的神话，原因之一是它关乎可能性和自我创造。

The West was a story that everybody who belonged to the United States proper could agree upon.

西方是一个每个属于美国本土的人都会同意的故事。

It was a story about nation-building and national expansion.

这是一个关于国家建设和国家扩张的故事。

Custer understood the West was where the next big drama was.

卡斯特明白西方是下一场大戏的发生地。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He clearly thought he was destined for greatness.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：他显然认为自己注定会成就伟大。

He, he truly felt that all he wanted to be was great, to be remembered for all time.

他他真心觉得自己只想成为伟大的人，想要被永远铭记。

Custer had emerged from the ashes of a court-martial, created a stunning victory, at least in his own telling, and now the future was his.

卡斯特从军事法庭的废墟中走出来，创造了一场惊人的胜利，至少在他自己的讲述中是这样，现在，未来是他的。

Narrator: The story was quickly passed from band to band throughout the Northern Plains.

旁白：这个故事很快就在整个北部平原从一个乐队传到另一个乐队。

Along the banks of the Yellowstone River in Montana, a group of warriors had reached a standoff with a surveying party for the Northern Pacific railroad.

沿着蒙大拿州的黄石河沿岸，一群战士与北太平洋铁路的勘测队发生了对峙。

Suddenly a chief named Sitting Bull called out, "Whoever wishes to smoke with me, come," and began walking towards the enemy's lines.

突然，一个名叫坐牛的酋长喊道：“谁愿意和我一起抽烟，就来吧。”然后开始向敌军阵地走去。

Four of his men joined him, and sat down to smoke, with bullets whizzing all around them.

他的四个手下加入了他，坐下来抽烟，子弹在他们周围呼啸而过。

"He just sat and looked around and smoked peacefully," his nephew White Bull remembered, while others puffed furiously on the pipe, "their hearts beating fast." When it was done, with bullets kicking up dust by his feet, Sitting Bull methodically cleaned out his pipe with a stick, then walked slowly back to his people.

“他只是坐着，环顾四周，平静地抽烟，”他的侄子白牛回忆道，而其他人则猛烈地吸着烟斗，“他们的心跳得很快。”完成后，子弹在他的脚边踢起灰尘，坐牛有条不紊地用一根棍子清理了他的烟斗，然后慢慢地走回他的人民身边。

White Bull called it "the bravest deed possible."

白牛称其为“最勇敢的行为”。

Narrator: He was the leader of the Hunkpapa band of the Teton Sioux, or Lakota, and he was renowned as a warrior and for visions that had the power of prophecy.

旁白：他是提顿苏族（即拉科塔族）汉克帕帕部落的首领，他以战士和具有预言能力的幻象而闻名。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: Sitting Bull's power, his rise to power comes from spirituality.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：坐牛的权力，他的权力崛起来自于灵性。

And he had tremendous visions.

他有远大的愿景。

And I really believe looking at Sitting Bull, looking into his eyes, I think you can see it.

我真的相信看着坐牛，看着他的眼睛，我想你可以看到这一点。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Sitting Bull led by example.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战：以身作则的坐牛》作者。

He had a history of bravery.

他有勇敢的历史。

He had the charisma and he had a spirituality.

他有魅力，也有灵性。

He embodied for the Lakota the kind of person they needed at a point when they were facing cataclysmic change in their lives, when presented with the challenge of white civilization.

他代表了拉科塔人在生活中面临灾难性变化、面临白人文明挑战时所需要的那种人。

Narrator: A few months before Custer's battle at the Washita, in 1868, the Fort Laramie Treaty had created the Great Sioux Reservation, which encompassed most of the modern-day state of South Dakota, as well as millions of acres of hunting grounds to the west and north, including the Black Hills.

旁白：1868 年卡斯特在瓦什塔河战役前几个月，《拉勒米堡条约》创建了大苏族保留地，涵盖了现代南达科他州的大部分地区，以及西部和北部数百万英亩的狩猎场，包括布莱克山。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: The Black Hills was a breath of life for the Lakota.

杰拉德·贝克 (Gerard Baker)，国家公园管理局：布莱克山 (Black Hills) 为拉科塔人带来了生机。

Not only was it a place to get food, it was a place of extreme holiness...

这里不仅是一个获取食物的地方，更是一个极其神圣的地方……

it was a place where they would be born, a place where they would live, they would die, that they much respected.

这是他们出生、生活、死亡的地方，是他们非常尊敬的地方。

A whole lot of sacred areas in the Black Hills.

布莱克山有很多神圣的地方。

It was their backbone, it was a place that was their creation.

这是他们的支柱，这是他们创造的地方。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Sitting Bull coined the phrase, the "food pack," to think about the Black Hills, something you carry with you on a journey where you hold some kind of reserves for yourself.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：坐牛创造了“食物包”这个词来思考布莱克山，这是你在旅途中随身携带的东西，为自己保留某种储备。

The Black Hills were those reserves for them.

布莱克山是他们的保护区。

Narrator: By the terms of the treaty, these lands had been granted to the Sioux forever, and in return, they were supposed to cease their hostilities against the Americans, and live peacefully, accepting rations from the government at offices known as agencies on the reservation.

旁白：根据条约的条款，这些土地被永远授予苏族人，作为回报，他们应该停止对美国人的敌对行动，和平地生活，在保留地的机构中接受政府的口粮。

The majority of the tribe had followed this course, but Sitting Bull had remained defiant, refusing to even acknowledge the treaty, let alone sign it.

部落的大多数人都遵循了这一方针，但坐牛仍然目中无人，甚至拒绝承认该条约，更不用说签署了。

He and his followers, whom General Philip Sheridan branded as "hostiles," traveled with the buffalo herds as they always had, frequently clashing with railroad workers and white settlers, stirring up trouble on the reservations, and luring Indians away from the agencies every summer to hunt buffalo.

他和他的追随者被菲利普·谢里登将军称为“敌对者”，他们一如既往地与水牛群一起旅行，经常与铁路工人和白人定居者发生冲突，在保留地煽动骚乱，并每年夏天引诱印第安人离开机构去猎杀水牛。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Sitting Bull and his people simply refused to come into the agencies.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：坐牛和他的人民根本拒绝进入这些机构。

They were conservatives.

他们是保守派。

Conservatives, socially.

社会上的保守派。

Conservatives, spiritually.

精神上的保守派。

They were determined to adhere to an old way of life.

他们决心坚持古老的生活方式。

Narrator: Sitting Bull had nothing but scorn for the Sioux who had chosen life on the reservations.

旁白：坐牛对选择保留地生活的苏族人只有蔑视。

"You are fools to make yourself slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hard tack and a little sugar and coffee," he said.

“你让自己成为一块肥肉、一些硬饼干、一点糖和咖啡的奴隶，真是傻瓜，”他说。

"The whites may get me at last...

“白人可能最终会抓住我......

but I will have good times till then." For the moment Sitting Bull remained defiant -- a symbol of resistance for his people -- but in the mind of General Sheridan, a day of reckoning was fast approaching.

但在那之前我会度过愉快的时光。”目前，坐牛仍然挑衅——这是他的人民抵抗的象征——但在谢里登将军的心中，清算的一天很快就要到来。

Narrator: During the years of Sitting Bull's ascent, Custer was doing everything he could to keep himself in the public eye.

旁白：在《坐牛》崛起的这些年里，卡斯特竭尽全力让自己留在公众的视线中。

He organized celebrity buffalo hunts on the Kansas plains, led a railroad surveying expedition deep into Lakota territory, and wrote a series of articles about his exploits for The Galaxy magazine.

他在堪萨斯平原组织了名人水牛狩猎活动，领导了一次深入拉科塔地区的铁路测量探险，并为《银河》杂志撰写了一系列有关他的事迹的文章。

Then, on a wintry evening in November of 1873, the Custers' arrived at their new post -- Fort Abraham Lincoln, in Dakota Territory.

然后，在 1873 年 11 月的一个寒冷的夜晚，卡斯特夫妇抵达了他们的新据点——位于达科他领地的亚伯拉罕·林肯堡。

After being broken up and assigned to peacekeeping duties all across the South, the 7th Cavalry was at last being reunited to project American power onto the Northern Plains.

在被解散并被分配到整个南方执行维和任务后，第七骑兵团最终重新集结，将美国的力量投射到北部平原。

Fort Lincoln was to serve as the regiment's, and the Custers', first real home.

林肯堡将成为该团和卡斯特家族的第一个真正的家园。

Perched on high ground, on the western shore of the Missouri River, just south of the town of Bismarck, the fort was built to help protect the crews on the Northern Pacific railroad.

这座堡垒坐落在密苏里河西岸的高地上，位于俾斯麦镇的南部，是为了帮助保护北太平洋铁路的工作人员而建造的。

Actor, reading words of Libbie Custer: In the dim light I could see the great post of Fort Lincoln, where only a few months before we had left a barren plain.

演员，读莉比·卡斯特的话：在昏暗的灯光下，我可以看到林肯堡的伟大哨所，就在几个月前，我们刚刚离开了一片贫瘠的平原。

Our quarters were lighted, and as we approached, the regimental band played "Home, Sweet Home," followed by the general's favorite, Garry Owen .

我们的宿舍亮了起来，当我们走近时，团乐队演奏了《家，甜蜜的家》，随后是将军最喜欢的加里·欧文。

The general had completely settled the house...

将军已经把房子彻底安顿好了……

but he had kept this fact a secret, as a surprise.

但他却保守了这个秘密，令人惊讶。

Our friends had lighted it all, and built fires in the fireplaces...

我们的朋友已经把所有的东西都点燃了，并在壁炉里生了火……

It seemed too good to believe that the 7th Cavalry had a post of its own."

第七骑兵团拥有自己的哨所，这似乎太令人难以置信了。”

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He and Libbie have a nice headquarters.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：他和利比有一个很好的总部。

They entertain.

他们娱乐。

They have musical evenings.

他们有音乐之夜。

They have theatrical evenings.

他们有戏剧之夜。

They provide amusement and a social life for, for the officers who were serving under them at the fort.

他们为在堡垒中服役的军官提供娱乐和社交生活。

They're glamorous and they're sociable.

他们很有魅力，而且善于交际。

They're celebrities.

他们是名人。

It's a very happy time.

这是一段非常快乐的时光。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Part of the beauty of this little utopia was that it was a family utopia.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：这个小乌托邦的美丽之处在于它是一个家庭乌托邦。

He had reinvented in many ways the circumstances under which he grew up.

他在很多方面重塑了他的成长环境。

His younger brother, Tom, was there, and then his sister, Maggie, married Lieutenant Calhoun.

他的弟弟汤姆也在场，然后他的妹妹玛吉嫁给了卡尔霍恩中尉。

Boston Custer, the youngest of the Custer brothers would join them.

卡斯特兄弟中最小的波士顿卡斯特将加入他们。

And so this truly became a, a Custer enclave in the Northern Plains of North Dakota.

因此，这真正成为北达科他州北部平原的卡斯特飞地。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer liked being surrounded by people who loved him.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：卡斯特喜欢被爱他的人包围。

It was like a little microcosm of society and Custer was at the center of it.

这就像社会的一个小缩影，而卡斯特是它的中心。

Narrator: Not everyone in the 7th Cavalry was welcomed into Custer's charmed circle -- what one new lieutenant dismissed as the "Royal Family." Officers with little tolerance for Custer's narcissism -- like Frederick Benteen, and the senior officer of the regiment, Major Marcus Reno -- were banished to more distant outposts in the territory.

旁白：并不是第七骑兵团的每个人都受到卡斯特迷人圈子的欢迎——一位新中尉将其视为“皇室成员”。弗雷德里克·本廷（Frederick Benteen）和该团的高级军官马库斯·雷诺少校（Major Marcus Reno）等对卡斯特的自恋几乎无法容忍的军官被驱逐到该地区更遥远的前哨基地。

But if the divisions within the 7th bothered Custer, he didn't let it show.

但即使第七师内部的分歧让卡斯特感到困扰，他也没有表现出来。

"One was permitted to receive the courtesies of the happiest home I ever saw," one visitor enthused, "where perfect love and confidence reigned."

一位来访者兴奋地说：“人们被允许接受我所见过的最幸福的家庭的礼遇，那里充满了完美的爱和信心。”

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Libbie's ambition was equal to Custer's.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：莉比的野心与卡斯特的野心不相上下。

But you had to be a little more indirect if you were a woman in the 19th century.

但如果你是 19 世纪的女性，你就必须更加间接一点。

And so she saw her project as her husband.

所以她把自己的项目视为她的丈夫。

Libbie was more politically astute.

莉比在政治上更加精明。

Had a better social IQ.

有更好的社交智商。

Could read people.

能读懂人。

Custer was Custer.

卡斯特就是卡斯特。

He could read things in the middle of battle, but when it came to every day encounters he could really miss it.

他在战斗中能够读懂一些东西，但是当涉及到日常的遭遇时，他就真的无法理解了。

And so Libbie was there often saying, now wait a minute George, now you sure you want to say that; they were truly the power couple of their day.

所以莉比经常在那里说，等一下乔治，现在你确定要这么说；他们确实是当时最有权势的夫妇。

Louis Warren, Historian: George and Libbie Custer, they were young, they were beautiful.

路易斯·沃伦，历史学家：乔治·卡斯特和莉比·卡斯特，他们很年轻，也很漂亮。

They were childless.

他们没有孩子。

And I think the assumption was there would be children.

我认为假设是会有孩子。

And that was not to be.

但事实并非如此。

Narrator: Although Libbie in particular yearned for a large family, both she and George eventually tried to make a virtue out of their circumstances.

旁白：虽然莉比特别渴望一个大家庭，但她和乔治最终都试图从自己的处境中获得美德。

"How troublesome and embarrassing babies would be to us," George comforted Libbie, "Our pleasure would be continually marred and circumscribed."

“婴儿对我们来说是多么麻烦和尴尬，”乔治安慰莉比，“我们的快乐将不断受到损害和限制。”

Louis Warren, Historian: They seemed to have this kind of domestic aura about them.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：他们身上似乎有一种家庭氛围。

In reality, behind the scenes there are plenty of indications there was trouble in that marriage.

事实上，在幕后有很多迹象表明这段婚姻存在问题。

He loved playing cards and gambling.

他喜欢打牌和赌博。

He loved risk.

他喜欢冒险。

And one can speculate that it wasn't all that easy a marriage, some of the time at least.

人们可以推测，婚姻并不那么容易，至少在某些时候是这样。

Narrator: During his frequent trips to New York and Washington, Custer made no secret of his nights on the town, often in the company of socialites and opera stars.

旁白：在频繁前往纽约和华盛顿期间，卡斯特毫不掩饰他在镇上的夜晚，经常与社交名流和歌剧明星为伴。

Louise Barnett, Historian: He is always writing in his letters from New York about other women that he spent time with.

路易丝·巴尼特（Louise Barnett），历史学家：他总是在来自纽约的信中写到与他共度时光的其他女性。

He seems to have, I would call, a childish need, to show that other women admire him, and to parade this before his wife.

我认为，他似乎有一种幼稚的需要，以表明其他女人钦佩他，并在他的妻子面前炫耀这一点。

Louis Warren, Historian: They were separated for the Christmas season of 1869, we don't really know why.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：他们在 1869 年圣诞节期间分开，我们真的不知道为什么。

We do know that George sent Libbie a letter saying, effectively, I wish you wouldn't be so angry, she means nothing to me.

我们确实知道乔治给莉比写了一封信，实际上是说，我希望你不要那么生气，她对我来说毫无意义。

Shirley Leckie, Historian: Sometimes she wouldn't write him at all, and then he would be begging for letters.

雪莉·莱基（Shirley Leckie），历史学家：有时她根本不给他写信，然后他就会乞求信件。

The low point of their marriage was in December 1870, Custer was alone and they would spend Christmas apart for the second year in a row and he wrote a long, contrite letter to Libbie.

1870 年 12 月是他们婚姻的最低谷，卡斯特独自一人，他们连续第二年分开过圣诞节，他给莉比写了一封长长的、悔恨的信。

And he promised never to play cards again, but he also went on to talk about inexcusable behavior on his part and that he was afraid that he had ruined the very best relationship that he'd ever had.

他承诺不再打牌，但他也继续谈论他的不可原谅的行为，并且他担心自己毁了他曾经拥有过的最好的关系。

I think the reconciliations were highly emotional, highly romantic.

我认为和解是非常情绪化、非常浪漫的。

I think the two of them needed each other.

我认为他们两个互相需要。

Narrator: On July 2nd, 1874, as his band played the regimental battle song Garry Owen, Custer and the 7th Cavalry set out west from Fort Lincoln on an expedition to the Black Hills.

旁白：1874 年 7 月 2 日，当他的乐队演奏军团战歌《加里·欧文》时，卡斯特和第七骑兵团从林肯堡向西出发，前往布莱克山进行远征。

Libbie was not with them.

莉比没有和他们在一起。

"At the very last, news came through Indian scouts that the summer might be full of danger," she recalled, "and my heart was almost broken at finding that the general did not dare take me with him." The expedition's stated purpose was to scout a new location for a fort, so that Sheridan could exert more control over the so-called "hostiles" that ranged across the reservation.

“最后，印度侦察兵传来消息，夏天可能充满危险，”她回忆道，“当我发现将军不敢带我一起去时，我的心都碎了。”这次探险的既定目的是寻找新的堡垒地点，以便谢里登能够对保留地内的所谓“敌对分子”施加更多控制。

Publicly the United States government continued to support the Lakota's rights to the Black Hills.

美国政府在公开场合继续支持拉科塔人对布莱克山的权利。

Privately, however, Washington was determined to provoke a conflict with Sitting Bull and unleash a rush of white settlement that would render the Fort Laramie treaty meaningless.

然而，私下里，华盛顿决心挑起与坐牛的冲突，并引发白人定居点热潮，这将使拉勒米堡条约变得毫无意义。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: Everybody knows that this is an expedition whose purpose is to get the public interested in seizing the Black Hills.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金：每个人都知道这是一次探险，其目的是让公众对夺取布莱克山感兴趣。

Custer is there not just to explore the Black Hills, he's there to publicize the discovery.

卡斯特来这里不仅仅是为了探索布莱克山，他也是为了宣传这一发现。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: It's a tremendous affair.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：这是一件了不起的事情。

One thousand soldiers, 110 wagons.

士兵一千人，车辆一百一十辆。

There are 70 Indian scouts.

有70名印第安侦察兵。

There are geologists, botanists.

有地质学家、植物学家。

Four newspaper reporters.

四位报社记者。

And probably the most important people of all, two miners who are there to search for whatever minerals might happen to be there.

可能是最重要的人，两名矿工，他们在那里寻找可能存在的矿物。

The Black Hills expedition could not have been better tailored for Custer's talents.

布莱克山探险之旅再适合不过了卡斯特的才华。

It was like a circus and Custer was the ringmaster.

这就像一个马戏团，卡斯特是马戏团的领班。

This was a big stage for him and he took advantage of it.

这对他来说是一个大舞台，他充分利用了这个舞台。

Narrator: Over the next few weeks, as the huge wagon train moved south and east through the Black Hills, Custer was everywhere at once.

旁白：在接下来的几周里，随着巨大的马车车队穿过布莱克山向南和向东行驶，卡斯特立刻就无处不在。

Actor, reading words of George Custer: My Darling Sunbeam -- Your dear Beau can't send a very long letter, tho with volumes to say...

演员，正在朗读乔治·卡斯特的台词：《我亲爱的阳光》——你亲爱的男友无法寄出一封很长的信，尽管有很多话要说……

After dinner when we reach camp, I usually take an escort to search out a few miles of road for the following day, and when I return I am ready to hasten to my comfortable -- but Oh so lonely -- bed.

晚饭后，当我们到达营地时，我通常会带人去寻找第二天几英里的路，当我回来时，我准备好赶到我舒适的——但哦太孤独了——床上。

Reveille regularly at quarter to three...

起床时间定期在三点一刻......

Breakfast at four.

四点吃早餐。

In the saddle at five.

五点钟上马。

We have discovered a rich and beautiful country.

我们发现了一个富裕而美丽的国家。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer is somebody who's, has a kind of restless energy that can't be contained.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：卡斯特是一个拥有一种无法抑制的躁动能量的人。

So this expedition was perfect for him because it gave him all of the opportunities for him to pursue his various interests and hobbies and to do so in front of a very watchful eye of reporters who had come along for the journey.

所以这次探险对他来说是完美的，因为它给了他所有的机会去追求他的各种兴趣和爱好，并且在随行记者的密切关注下这样做。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : He was teaching himself taxidermy and collecting specimens that were then being sent to some of the major repositories throughout the country.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：最后的立场：他正在自学动物标本剥制术并收集标本，然后将这些标本发送到全国各地的一些主要储存库。

Louis Warren, Historian: He shoots a bear and then has a photograph of himself taken in this buckskin outfit.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：他射杀了一只熊，然后拍了一张自己穿着鹿皮服装的照片。

In a way, presenting himself as a kind of frontier hero to a public that had grown up on the novels of James Fenimore Cooper, that photograph was really powerful.

在某种程度上，这张照片向那些看着詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀的小说长大的公众展示了自己是一位边疆英雄，这张照片确实很有影响力。

And Custer's using the Black Hills expedition as a kind of stage for himself, to build his public reputation.

卡斯特利用黑山探险作为他自己的舞台，以建立他的公众声誉。

Narrator: Throughout their nearly four weeks in the Black Hills, the men saw surprisingly little sign of hostile Indians, and gradually the expedition took on the air of a picnic.

旁白：在黑山的近四个星期里，令人惊讶的是，这些人几乎没有看到敌对印第安人的迹象，渐渐地，探险队呈现出野餐的气氛。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He describes the Black Hills as earth's paradise.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin）：他将布莱克山描述为人间天堂。

There's a wonderful scene where he describes the cavalrymen riding through meadows of wildflowers and grasses that come up so high that the, the horses are like wading through them.

有一个美妙的场景，他描述了骑兵骑马穿过野花和草丛的草地，这些草地很高，马匹就像涉水穿过它们。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Throughout the expedition Custer writes official reports that he knows are going to be quoted heavily in newspapers.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：在整个探险过程中，卡斯特撰写了官方报告，他知道这些报告将被报纸大量引用。

So the newspapers on the east coast and Chicago are quoting from him extensively.

因此东海岸和芝加哥的报纸都大量引用他的言论。

It puts Custer back on the front pages.

它让卡斯特重新登上了头版。

And of course the headline that lands Custer on the tip of every tongue is of one four-letter word, gold.

当然，让卡斯特为之津津乐道的标题是一个四个字母的单词：黄金。

Narrator: The first glint in the surveyors' pans had turned up at French Creek on July 30th, 1874.

旁白：1874 年 7 月 30 日，测量员平底锅中的第一道闪光出现在法国溪。

"From the grassroots down it was pay dirt," proclaimed the Chicago Inter-Ocean , while the Bismarck Tribune announced that Custer's discovery "bids fair to become the El Dorado of America."

《芝加哥远洋报》宣称，“从基层开始，这都是值得的”，而《俾斯麦论坛报》则宣称，卡斯特的发现“有资格成为美国的黄金国”。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: Custer has a great phrase, he says, "we found gold among the roots of the grass." And he creates this image in that phrase that you just go there, you're a farmer, right, you're going to just plow up the land.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin）：卡斯特有一句伟大的话，他说：“我们在草根中发现了黄金。”他用那句话创造了这样的形象：你只要去那里，你就是一个农民，对，你只需犁地。

You're going to plow up the land.

你要犁地。

First you dig up the gold, you put the gold in the bank, then you put your wheat in the ground.

首先你挖出金子，把金子存入银行，然后把小麦埋在地里。

Louis Warren, Historian: It's 1874 when the news hits the public that there's gold in the Black Hills.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦 (Louis Warren)：1874 年，布莱克山有黄金的消息传遍了公众。

And this is a time of depression in the United States.

而现在正是美国的萧条时期。

And so those men who, and some women who can outfit themselves get their equipment and head to the Black Hills to mine for gold.

因此，那些能够装备自己的男人和一些女人拿起他们的装备，前往布莱克山开采黄金。

The position of the U.S. government is that miners are going to invade that country and there's going to be a war with Indians and that is inevitable.

美国政府的立场是，矿工将入侵该国，与印第安人的战争将不可避免。

Narrator: Custer arrived back at Fort Lincoln on August 30th, 1874, amidst a flood of positive press about his expedition.

旁白：卡斯特于 1874 年 8 月 30 日回到林肯堡，周围有大量关于他的探险的正面报道。

But William Curtis, the correspondent for the New York World , had a premonition about the journey.

但《纽约世界报》的记者威廉·柯蒂斯对这次旅程有一种预感。

"We are goading the Indians to madness by invading their hallowed grounds," he wrote before the expedition set off, "and throwing open to them the avenues leading to a terrible revenge..."

“我们入侵印第安人的圣地，让他们发疯，”他在探险队出发前写道，“并为他们打开了通往可怕复仇的道路……”

Louis Warren, Historian: When Custer's out on the Plains, he's writing a column for a sportsman's magazine, about hunting.

路易斯·沃伦，历史学家：当卡斯特在平原上时，他正在为一家运动员杂志撰写一篇有关狩猎的专栏。

And he takes a penname, Nomad, he calls himself.

他给自己取了一个笔名，Nomad。

And this is the period when he starts to think about and talk about his enemies, Indian enemies and saying, if I were an Indian, I would want to be with the men who are today fighting me.

正是在这个时期，他开始思考和谈论他的敌人，印度的敌人，并说，如果我是印度人，我会想和今天与我作战的人在一起。

I would want the free, open, wandering life.

我想要自由、开放、流浪的生活。

He embodies and exhibits this, this kind of weird polarity, this weird conflict in the way Americans think of Indians.

他体现并展示了美国人对印度人的看法，这种奇怪的极性、这种奇怪的冲突。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Custer had kind of a tortured relationship with native peoples.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：最后的立场：卡斯特与土著人民的关系有些痛苦。

He identified with them very strongly, prided himself in his knowledge of their rituals and, and lifestyle.

他非常认同他们，并为自己了解他们的仪式和生活方式而感到自豪。

And so that at one point he's embracing them, and in many ways imitating them, But on the other side, he was part of white civilization and saw them as a primitive race that were going to eventually melt into the shadows.

因此，在某一时刻，他拥抱他们，并在很多方面模仿他们，但在另一方面，他是白人文明的一部分，并将他们视为最终将融入阴影的原始种族。

Violence is such a central part of this story where through this violent dispossession of the native peoples we can create our destiny.

暴力是这个故事的核心部分，通过对土著人民的暴力剥夺，我们可以创造我们的命运。

That is a tortured legacy.

这是一份饱受折磨的遗产。

That is something that it's hard to feel proud of and good about when you're defeating a people with whom you have no issue except for the fact that they're in the way.

当你打败一个与你没有任何问题的人时，除了他们碍事之外，你很难感到自豪和高兴。

Narrator: By the fall of 1875, just over a year after Custer's expedition to the Black Hills, more than 15,000 miners had flooded into the region, establishing the towns of Custer and Deadwood.

旁白：到 1875 年秋天，也就是卡斯特探险黑山一年多后，超过 15,000 名矿工涌入该地区，建立了卡斯特和戴德伍德城镇。

The government had offered to buy the Black Hills for $6 million, but the Lakota had turned them down.

政府曾提出以 600 万美元购买布莱克山，但拉科塔人拒绝了。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Elements from Sitting Bull's camps come down and threaten to kill any chief that touches pen to paper...

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：来自坐牛营地的元素降临并威胁要杀死任何触碰纸笔的酋长......

The government has continually made treaties with Indians and usually you can adhere to them for at least you know ten or twenty years, at least a generation, and well now, gold in the Black Hills means that we're going to have to abrogate this treaty a little quicker.

政府不断地与印第安人签订条约，通常你可以遵守这些条约至少十年或二十年，至少一代人，而现在，黑山的黄金意味着我们将不得不更快地废除这项条约。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : The government's interest in the Black Hills would in a sense play into Sitting Bull's hands.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《最后的立场》：从某种意义上说，政府对布莱克山的兴趣对坐牛有利。

He was really looking for a way to pull his people together in the face of this threat coming from the east.

面对来自东方的威胁，他确实在寻找一种方法将他的人民团结起来。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Sitting Bull has decided that he will not negotiate with the United States government...

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特：坐牛已决定他不会与美国政府谈判......

And he continues to recruit Indians who want to come out with him during the summer and hunt.

他继续招募那些想在夏天和他一起出去打猎的印第安人。

He's trying to gather a kind of Lakota resistance to this incursion.

他试图集结拉科塔人对这次入侵的抵抗。

Narrator: Finally, on November 3rd, President Ulysses Grant convened a meeting of his top cabinet officers and generals to discuss the administration's Indian policy.

旁白：最后，11 月 3 日，尤利西斯·格兰特总统召开了内阁高级官员和将军会议，讨论政府的印度政策。

Still handcuffed by the terms of the Fort Laramie treaty, but determined to eliminate one of the last pockets of Indian resistance in the West, Grant and his generals made two fateful decisions.

格兰特和他的将军们仍然受到拉勒米堡条约条款的束缚，但决心消灭印度在西方最后的抵抗力量之一，他们做出了两个决定性的决定。

They would do nothing to prevent white miners from flooding into the Black Hills.

他们不会采取任何措施阻止白人矿工涌入布莱克山。

And they issued an ultimatum: any Lakota or Cheyenne that refused to come in to the agencies by the end of January, 1876, would be considered hostile, and the army would be used to bring them in.

他们还发出了最后通牒：任何拉科塔人或夏安人在 1876 年 1 月底之前拒绝加入这些机构，都将被视为敌对分子，并会动用军队将他们带入。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Sheridan would later look to this as almost a good joke, this insistence that they come into the reservations through all this heaping snow of the Northern Plains winter was patently ridiculous.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：最后一战：谢里登后来认为这几乎是一个很好的笑话，坚持让他们在北部平原冬季的所有积雪中进入保留地显然是荒谬的。

What they were doing was forcing the issue, was creating a dirty little war that would serve the agenda of American imperialism.

他们所做的就是强迫这个问题，制造一场肮脏的小战争，为美帝国主义的议程服务。

There's really no other way to look at it.

确实没有其他方法可以看待它。

It was a calculated strategy to force the Lakota to sell the Black Hills.

这是迫使拉科塔人出售布莱克山的精心策划的策略。

Narrator: Custer was the natural choice to lead such an operation, and it couldn't have come at a better time.

旁白：卡斯特是领导这次行动的自然选择，而且来得正是时候。

At 36, he was no longer a young man, and while most of his energy was focused on winning another victory against the Indians -- one that he hoped would garner him a coveted promotion to Brigadier General -- he and Libbie would spend much of the winter of 1875 on the East Coast, looking for other ways to secure their future.

36 岁的他不再是年轻人，虽然他的大部分精力都集中在赢得对印第安人的另一场胜利上——他希望这场胜利能让他获得梦寐以求的准将头衔——但他和利比在 1875 年冬天的大部分时间都在东海岸度过，寻找其他方式来确保他们的未来。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer is still trying to figure out what's next.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：卡斯特仍在试图弄清楚接下来会发生什么。

So he's in New York, he's trying to meet with important people.

所以他在纽约，他正在尝试会见重要人物。

Paul Hutton, Historian: He's hobnobbing with rich people, actors and actresses.

保罗·赫顿（Paul Hutton），历史学家：他与富人、男女演员交往密切。

This is the society he moves in, the society of wealth, refinement, power.

这就是他所处的社会，一个富有、精致、权力的社会。

And yet he feels outside of it.

但他却感觉自己置身事外。

Despite his fame and despite all the glory that he had won in his brief lifetime, it hadn't led to any kind of financial security.

尽管他声名鹊起，尽管他在短暂的一生中赢得了所有的荣耀，但这并没有带来任何形式的经济保障。

And he wants that financial security that will come with some money in his pocket, because you can't eat fame.

他想要经济上的保障，口袋里要有一些钱，因为名誉是吃不完的。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: He tells Libbie his ideal in life is to go back to New York, become a rich man and have a mansion on Fifth Avenue.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin）：他告诉莉比他的人生理想是回到纽约，成为一名富翁并在第五大道拥有一座豪宅。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: He's looking for business deals.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：他正在寻找商业交易。

He was a terrible businessman, but he always thought that maybe the next one would be his chance to make it big.

他是一个糟糕的商人，但他总是认为也许下一个就是他做大的机会。

And unfortunately he's also gambling and he's losing a lot of money that way.

不幸的是，他还赌博，并且因此输了很多钱。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He's in financial trouble he's been investing in risky stock options and silver mines that are unprofitable.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后的立场》作者：他陷入了财务困境，他一直投资于高风险的股票期权和无利可图的银矿。

And he's on the brink of financial ruin.

而他正处于财务破产的边缘。

The Black Hills expedition is a couple of years in the past and nothing much has been happening.

布莱克山探险已经是几年前的事了，但还没有发生什么大事。

Narrator: Custer pinned his hopes on a lucrative lecture tour he had arranged with the Redpath Speakers Bureau.

旁白：卡斯特把希望寄托在他与雷德帕斯演讲局安排的一次利润丰厚的巡回演讲上。

"When I tell you the terms you will open your eyes," he wrote to his brother Tom in January.

“当我告诉你这些条款时，你就会睁开眼睛，”他在一月份写给他的兄弟汤姆的信中说。

"...They urged me to commence this spring, but I declined, needing more time for preparation." Then, in late March, while readying his regiment for the coming campaign, Custer was called to Washington.

“……他们敦促我今年春天开始，但我拒绝了，因为需要更多时间准备。”然后，三月下旬，在为即将到来的战役做准备时，卡斯特被召唤到华盛顿。

He appeared in front of a congressional committee trying to discredit the Grant administration's handling of contracts at Indian Agencies on the frontier.

他出现在一个国会委员会面前，试图抹黑格兰特政府对印度边境机构合同的处理方式。

Custer's testimony was mostly hearsay, but he did manage to accuse the President's brother Orville of influence peddling.

卡斯特的证词大多是道听途说，但他确实指控总统的兄弟奥维尔以权谋私。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Grant is furious and decides he's going to keep Custer on the sidelines.

文化历史学家迈克尔·艾略特：格兰特非常愤怒，决定让卡斯特袖手旁观。

Custer in fact tries to go to the White House to apologize to Grant and Grant refuses to see him.

事实上，卡斯特试图去白宫向格兰特道歉，但格兰特拒绝见他。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Grant would respond by stripping Custer of command of the 7th Cavalry, saying that he could not go out in pursuit of Sitting Bull.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：背水一战：格兰特的回应是剥夺卡斯特第七骑兵团的指挥权，称他无法出去追击“坐牛”。

For Custer this was the lowest of the low.

对于卡斯特来说，这是最低点。

I mean here he was, he was on the edge of what might have been his final campaign to win the glory that could give him all sorts of honors and this testimony had tripped him up and now he had none other than the president of the United States against him.

我的意思是，他现在正处于可能是他为赢得荣耀而进行的最后一场竞选的边缘，这可能会给他带来各种荣誉，而这个证词让他绊倒了，现在除了美国总统之外，他没有别人反对他。

Narrator: Custer was reduced to pleading with Grant for his career.

旁白：卡斯特只能恳求格兰特保佑他的职业生涯。

"I appeal to you as a soldier," he wrote to the President, "to spare me the humiliation of seeing my regiment march to meet the enemy and I not to share its dangers." Grant was unmoved, but Sheridan and Brigadier General Alfred Terry, both desperately wanted Custer in the field.

他在给总统的信中写道：“作为一名士兵，我请求你们不要让我因看到我的团行军迎敌而感到羞辱，而我却不要分担敌人的危险。”格兰特不为所动，但谢里登和阿尔弗雷德·特里准将都迫切希望卡斯特上场。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : In the end, it's General Terry who saves him.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克，《背水一战》作者：最后，是特里将军救了他。

Terry is not an Indian fighter, he's been an administrator.

特里不是印度战士，他是一名行政人员。

And he's a good deal older than Custer.

而且他比卡斯特年长很多。

And he realizes that Custer is probably his best bet as far as leadership and accomplishing the objectives of his department.

他意识到，就领导力和实现部门目标而言，卡斯特可能是他的最佳选择。

So he helps Custer draft a letter that pleads his case and gets Custer reinstated.

因此，他帮助卡斯特起草了一封为自己辩护的信，并让卡斯特恢复了职务。

But with a caveat that Terry will be leading the column.

但需要注意的是，特里将领导该专栏。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Custer's like a kid who is always getting into trouble in school, but is so charming that his smile will get him through it.

保罗·赫顿（Paul Hutton），历史学家：卡斯特就像一个在学校总是惹麻烦的孩子，但他是如此迷人，他的微笑会帮助他度过难关。

And so he's heading west again in '76, in search of redemption, as well as in search of glory.

于是他在 76 年再次西行，寻找救赎，也寻找荣耀。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer had incredible success at a very young age and the qualities that made him a success, his daring, his flamboyance, were qualities of youth.

迈克尔·艾略特，文化历史学家：卡斯特在很小的时候就取得了令人难以置信的成功，而使他成功的品质，他的大胆，他的华丽，都是年轻人的品质。

And I think throughout his entire life he worried that the clock was running out and that if he didn't achieve a kind of permanent glory before a certain point in his life he would never have the chance.

我认为他一生都在担心时间已经不多了，如果他在人生的某个时刻之前没有获得某种永久的荣耀，他就永远没有机会。

He was somebody who was really preparing to kind of go for broke.

他是一个真正准备破产的人。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Custer's best friend in life was a Shakespearean actor named Lawrence Barrett.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克，作者：背水一战：卡斯特一生中最好的朋友是一位名叫劳伦斯·巴雷特的莎士比亚演员。

And in the winter of 1876 Barrett was in New York starring as Cassius in Julius Caesar .

1876 年冬天，巴雷特在纽约出演《凯撒大帝》中的卡修斯。

Custer loved the theater, he, as Libbie would say, he would watch a play like a child, weep when it was sad, laugh outrageously when it was happy, that kind of thing.

卡斯特热爱戏剧，正如莉比所说，他会像孩子一样看戏，悲伤时哭泣，快乐时放肆大笑，诸如此类。

And if you read Julius Caesar , the end of that play is quite interesting because there you have Cassius and his friend, Brutus, they have murdered Caesar for the good of Rome and now they're being attacked by Caesar loyalist, Marc Anthony.

如果你读过《朱利叶斯·凯撒》，那部剧的结局非常有趣，因为卡西乌斯和他的朋友布鲁图斯，他们为了罗马的利益而谋杀了凯撒，现在他们遭到了凯撒的忠诚者马克·安东尼的攻击。

And they're in a battle, the battle for their lives.

他们正处于一场战斗中，为自己的生命而战。

And the decision is made to fall on their swords and Brutus, with whom Custer must have identified, would say, 'I shall have glory by this losing day.' Custer would see his friend in Julius Caesar at least 40 times during that winter.

卡斯特一定认同布鲁图斯的观点，他们决定倒在他们的剑下，布鲁图斯会说：“在这个失败的日子里，我将获得荣耀。”那个冬天，卡斯特至少与他的朋友《凯撒大帝》见过 40 次。

Narrator: On May 10th, 1876, as General Terry and a chastened Custer arrived in Bismarck to ready the 7th Cavalry to head west, President Grant presided over the opening of the Centennial International Exhibition in Philadelphia.

旁白：1876 年 5 月 10 日，特里将军和历经磨练的卡斯特抵达俾斯麦，准备第七骑兵团向西进发，格兰特总统在费城主持了百年国际博览会的开幕式。

It was a grand affair, with over 200 buildings, featuring scores of exhibits, including a giant Corliss steam engine, a new condiment known as Heinz Ketchup, and Alexander Graham Bell's telephone.

这是一场盛大的活动，共有 200 多座建筑，展出了数十件展品，包括一台巨大的科利斯蒸汽机、一种名为亨氏番茄酱的新型调味品，以及亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔的电话。

More than 186,000 people were in attendance.

超过 186,000 人出席。

Phil Deloria, Historian: The Philadelphia centennial celebration is this amazing kind of thing.

Phil Deloria，历史学家：费城百年庆典是一件令人惊奇的事情。

Americans come from all over the place to, you know, to see this.

你知道，美国人从世界各地赶来就是为了看到这一点。

And there's fantastic technology and everything looks like this brilliant bright kind of future and it's celebratory and, and the Civil War is over and the sense that Indians are going to pose any kind of threat, right, to this American future that's steam rolling forward.

这里有令人惊叹的技术，一切看起来都像这个辉煌灿烂的未来，这是值得庆祝的，而且内战已经结束，印第安人将对这个正在蒸汽滚滚向前的美国未来构成任何形式的威胁。

Nobody really believes that.

没有人真正相信这一点。

Louis Warren, Historian: Custer knows the exposition is on and if he can just get a victory during the exposition, what a great backdrop for him.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：卡斯特知道博览会即将开幕，如果他能在博览会期间取得胜利，那对他来说是一个多么好的背景啊。

And a huge amount of press coverage and public adulation will surely follow his inevitable victory over the Sioux and the Cheyenne.

在他不可避免地战胜苏人和夏安人之后，必将引起大量的媒体报道和公众的赞扬。

Narrator: The 7th Cavalry departed from Fort Abraham Lincoln on May 17th, and headed west.

旁白：第7骑兵团于5月17日从亚伯拉罕·林肯堡出发，向西进发。

Grant's ultimatum had come and gone, and Sitting Bull and his band were still at large.

格兰特的最后通牒来了又去，坐牛和他的乐队仍然逍遥法外。

Terry and Custer had been ordered to force them onto the reservation, or destroy them in the process.

特里和卡斯特奉命迫使他们进入保留地，或者在此过程中摧毁他们。

"Although we had seen the men start out on many long campaigns, in those seven years on the plains," Libbie recalled later, "we knew that this was different, and we all felt that it might have very serious results." Unable to stay behind, Libbie accompanied the regiment on its first day's march.

“虽然我们见过这些人在平原上进行了许多漫长的战役，但在这七年里，”利比后来回忆道，“我们知道这是不同的，我们都觉得这可能会产生非常严重的后果。”由于无法留在后面，莉比陪同该团进行了第一天的行军。

Riding near the front with her husband, she looked back at the column and saw an astonishing sight.

她和丈夫一起骑在前面，回头看向柱子，看到了令人震惊的景象。

Actor, reading words of Libbie Custer: As the sun broke through the mist a mirage appeared which took up about half of the line of cavalry, and thenceforth for a little distance it marched, equally plain to the sight on the earth and in the sky...

演员朗读莉比·卡斯特的台词：当太阳冲破薄雾时，出现了一个海市蜃楼，它占据了大约一半的骑兵队伍，从那时起，它行进了一小段距离，无论是在地面上还是在天空中，都同样清晰可见……

It seemed a premonition in the supernatural translation as their forms were reflected from the opaque mist of the early dawn.

当它们的形状从黎明的不透明薄雾中反射出来时，这似乎是超自然翻译中的预感。

Shirley Leckie, Historian: She comforts herself with the idea that Custer's luck has always stood him in good stead.

雪莉·莱基，历史学家：她安慰自己，卡斯特的运气一直对他有利。

And he doesn't seem to be troubled.

而且他似乎并不感到困扰。

He hopes to be back in the summer and that they will have time together, he looks forward to being on the lecture circuit and making money.

他希望夏天能回来，他们能有时间在一起，他期待着巡回演讲并赚钱。

Finally, he leads his men off and he stood up in the stirrups, he turned around, he waved to her, and that was the last that she ever saw.

最后，他带着他的手下离开了，他在马镫上站起来，他转过身来，他向她挥手，那是她最后一次见到。

Narrator: The 7th Cavalry numbered 670 men, divided into 12 companies, each commanded by a captain, as well as a company of guides, interpreters and Indian scouts -- mostly Crow and Arikara who, as lifelong enemies of the Lakota, had allied themselves with the Americans.

旁白：第七骑兵团有 670 人，分为 12 个连，每个连由一名上尉指挥，还有一个连的向导、翻译和印第安侦察兵——其中大部分是克劳和阿里卡拉，他们是拉科塔人的宿敌，曾与美国人结盟。

Custer's staff included his adjutant, Lieutenant William Cooke, his brother Tom, as aide-de-camp, his other brother Boston, as a guide, and his nephew Autie Reed, who came along as a civilian.

卡斯特的幕僚包括他的副官威廉·库克中尉、他的兄弟汤姆（担任副官）、他的另一个兄弟波士顿（担任向导），以及他的侄子奥蒂·里德（作为平民）。

Custer's brother-in-law, Lieutenant Calhoun, was one of the company commanders.

卡斯特的妹夫卡尔霍恩中尉是连长之一。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : The younger officers were solidly behind Custer, even dressed like Custer in buckskin.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：年轻军官们坚定地支持卡斯特，甚至穿着像卡斯特一样的鹿皮。

And if not worshiped him, would follow him anywhere.

即使不崇拜他，也会跟随他去任何地方。

But always there was Benteen and, and those few officers who, who did not see Custer as the God-given answer to all.

但总是有本廷和少数军官，他们不认为卡斯特是上帝赐予所有人的答案。

And this would mean that there was always an edge to whatever happened in the 7th Cavalry.

这意味着第七骑兵团无论发生什么事情总是有优势的。

Narrator: One man who was not welcomed into Custer's confidence was Major Reno.

旁白：雷诺少校是一位不被卡斯特信任的人。

An officer with an undistinguished Civil War record, a brooding and dark countenance, and a weakness for whiskey, Reno harbored ambitions to lead the 7th Cavalry, but his chance at glory had never come.

雷诺是一位在内战战绩平平、面容忧郁、阴郁、嗜酒如命的军官，他怀有领导第七骑兵团的雄心，但他获得荣耀的机会从未到来。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : The Arikara referred to him as the man with a dark face.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：阿里卡拉人称他为黑脸男人。

And that really was him.

那确实是他。

He, there was a cloud over him and he always seemed like he, he needed to do something to right a wrong that had somehow been smoldering inside him pretty much all his life.

他，有一片阴云笼罩着他，他总是看起来像他，他需要做一些事情来纠正一个错误，而这个错误几乎一生都在他内心郁积着。

Narrator: General Terry's plan was for the army to put three columns into the field.

旁白：特里将军的计划是让军队派出三个纵队进入战场。

He and Custer would lead 1,200 men from Fort Lincoln and head west, while 440 men under Colonel John Gibbon would march east from Montana and General George Crook would lead 1,100 men northwards from Wyoming.

他和卡斯特将率领 1,200 人从林肯堡向西进军，而约翰·吉本上校率领的 440 人将从蒙大拿州向东进军，乔治·克鲁克将军将率领 1,100 人从怀俄明州向北进军。

All three columns would converge on an area of the Upper Yellowstone, and its north-flowing tributaries, the Powder, Tongue, Rosebud and Bighorn rivers, where the Indians were supposed to be encamped.

所有三个纵队都将在上黄石河及其向北流动的支流粉河、舌头河、玫瑰花蕾河和比格霍恩河上汇聚，印第安人应该在那里扎营。

The steamboat Far West would meet the troops on the Yellowstone with supplies.

远西号汽船将在黄石河上与部队会合并运送补给。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Terry's overall plan for the campaign called for three converging columns to move into Sitting Bull's country.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：特里的竞选总体计划要求三个会合纵队进入坐牛的国家。

The idea was never that the columns would converge and attack together but the hope would be that one column would drive the Indians into another column.

我们的想法从来不是让各纵队会聚并一起攻击，而是希望一个纵队将印第安人赶到另一纵队。

Everyone was worried about the Indians escaping.

每个人都担心印第安人逃跑。

The mania was how will we ever catch them.

我们最关心的是如何抓住他们。

There's no worry about how many Indians there are.

不用担心有多少印度人。

Nobody's worried about that.

没有人担心这一点。

Narrator: Out on the trail at last, Custer was in high spirits, and despite Terry's orders to remain with the group, he and his brothers repeatedly disappeared on impulsive hunting and exploring jaunts.

旁白：终于踏上了小路，卡斯特兴高采烈，尽管特里命令他留在队伍中，但他和他的兄弟们在冲动的狩猎和探险短途旅行中屡次失踪。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Almost as soon as the march starts, he's doing everything he can to stray from the column.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：几乎在游行一开始，他就竭尽全力试图偏离队伍。

He and his brothers are having a great time raising hell on the Plains.

他和他的兄弟们在平原上度过了一段愉快的时光。

And, and Terry's getting increasingly frustrated until finally Terry chastises Custer and says, look, you got to stay with the column.

而且，特里变得越来越沮丧，直到最后特里惩罚卡斯特并说，听着，你必须留在专栏中。

Narrator: By June 9th, the expedition had followed the Yellowstone to its confluence with the Powder River.

旁白：到 6 月 9 日，探险队已经沿着黄石河到达了与保德河的交汇处。

Then, perhaps to punish Custer for his skylarking, Terry sent Major Reno and half the regiment south to scout the Powder River basin in search of Sitting Bull's band.

然后，也许是为了惩罚卡斯特的云雀行为，特里派雷诺少校和半个团向南侦察粉河流域，寻找坐牛的乐队。

The decision to put Reno in charge stunned the rest of the regiment.

让雷诺负责的决定震惊了团里的其他人。

"It has been a subject of conversation among the officers why General Custer was not in command," one lieutenant confided to his journal, "but no solution yet has been arrived at."

一名中尉向他的日记透露：“军官们一直在讨论为什么卡斯特将军没有指挥，但目前还没有找到解决方案。”

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Custer is left to lead the rest of the regiment towards a rendezvous, but on the way they come across an abandoned Lakota winter camp where hundreds, perhaps thousands of Lakota had spent the winter.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》的作者：卡斯特被留下来带领团的其他成员前往会合点，但在路上他们遇到了一个废弃的拉科塔冬营，数百甚至数千拉科塔人曾在那里过冬。

And there he finds evidence of a soldier who had apparently been beaten to death, tortured to death and his body eventually burned.

在那里，他发现了一名士兵的证据，他显然是被殴打致死、被折磨致死，而他的尸体最终被烧毁。

And Custer sees the skull, looks down on it and is clearly moved in some way.

卡斯特看到了头骨，俯视它，显然受到了某种程度的移动。

And it's at that point that they camp right beside this Indian burial ground.

就在那时，他们就在这个印第安墓地旁边扎营。

And Custer seems to have been in the mood for revenge and he leads his brothers and some other officers in a systematic desecration of this burial ground.

卡斯特似乎一直想复仇，他带领他的兄弟和其他一些军官有计划地亵渎了这个墓地。

He and his brothers had a great old time.

他和他的兄弟们度过了一段美好的旧时光。

They would write letters about the great stuff that they had gotten.

他们会写信讲述他们得到的好东西。

But for some of the other officers and soldiers, this was pretty horrifying stuff.

但对于其他一些官兵来说，这却是相当恐怖的事情。

Narrator: Four days later Reno rejoined the regiment with exciting news.

旁白：四天后，雷诺带着令人兴奋的消息重返军团。

Contrary to his orders, and against everyone's expectations, he had crossed over to the Rosebud and found a large trail that could only have been made by Sitting Bull's village.

与他的命令相反，也与所有人的预料相反，他穿越到了玫瑰花蕾，发现了一条只有坐牛村才能走的大路。

Reno had followed the tracks for several miles, but with his provisions dwindling, he had eventually decided to turn around and rejoin the column.

雷诺沿着铁轨走了几英里，但随着他的给养逐渐减少，他最终决定掉头重新加入队伍。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Custer was outraged.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，：最后的立场：卡斯特被激怒了。

He said, Reno if you see this village why didn't you pursue?

他说，雷诺如果看到这个村子为什么不追击呢？

He thought it was an expression of cowardice this was one of those things that military people did.

他认为这是懦弱的表现，这是军人所做的事情之一。

If you knew you would get a great victory, even though it was contrary to orders, you did it.

如果你知道你会取得伟大的胜利，即使这违背了命令，你也会这么做。

And Reno after thinking about it for a while decided not to pursue the Lakota.

而雷诺想了一会儿，决定不再追击拉科塔人。

Custer couldn't understand this.

卡斯特无法理解这一点。

Narrator: That night, Custer was so insulted by Reno's caution, that he penned an anonymous letter to the New York Herald , impugning Reno's courage.

旁白：那天晚上，卡斯特因里诺的谨慎而受到极大的侮辱，他给《纽约先驱报》写了一封匿名信，质疑里诺的勇气。

"Faint heart never won fair lady," he wrote, "neither did it ever pursue and overtake an Indian village." On June 21st, at the confluence of the Yellowstone and the Rosebud, Terry gathered his officers in his cabin on the Far West , and unveiled his revised plan.

“胆怯的心永远无法赢得美丽的淑女，”他写道，“它也从未追上并超越一个印第安村庄。” 6 月 21 日，在黄石河和玫瑰花蕾河的交汇处，特里把他的军官们聚集在远西的小屋里，公布了他修改后的计划。

Major Marcus Reno was not invited to the meeting.

马库斯·雷诺少校没有被邀请参加会议。

Terry ordered Custer to pick-up the Indian trail that Reno had found, but then, instead of following it, to loop south, until he and Gibbon could converge on the Indians from the north.

特里命令卡斯特沿着里诺发现的印第安人踪迹前进，但随后他没有沿着它走，而是向南绕行，直到他和吉本能够从北方汇合到印第安人身上。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Custer was a known quantity.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：卡斯特是一个众所周知的人物。

You knew what you had with him.

你知道你和他有什么关系。

And to expect him to delay for a day and a half while Terry and the rest of the column positioned themselves was an absurdity.

当特里和其他队员就位时，指望他会拖延一天半是荒谬的。

What Terry was doing was making sure that if everything went well, he was in a good position because it was a great victory.

特里所做的就是确保如果一切顺利，他就处于有利的位置，因为这是一场伟大的胜利。

If everything went poorly, he was covered, because Custer had to break orders to attack the Indians in the way that they all knew he would.

如果一切进展不顺利，他就会受到掩护，因为卡斯特必须违反命令，以他们都知道他会做的方式攻击印第安人。

Paul Hutton, Historian: Terry absolutely knew that if he let Custer loose, Custer was going to find the Indians and Custer was going to attack the Indians.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：特里绝对知道，如果他放开卡斯特，卡斯特就会找到印第安人，而卡斯特就会攻击印第安人。

Custer didn't slip the leash, the leash was released and he was, off he went.

卡斯特没有松开皮带，皮带被松开了，他就走了。

He's just like one of those wolf hounds that he loves so much.

他就像他深爱的一只狼猎犬。

He's absolutely on the scent and he's going 90 miles an hour, nothing is going to stop him, everybody knew that, that's why he's there.

他绝对敏锐，并且以每小时 90 英里的速度行驶，没有什么可以阻止他，每个人都知道这一点，这就是他在那里的原因。

Narrator: As Gibbon's chief of scouts recorded in his diary, "if Custer is to arrive first he is at liberty to attack at once if he deems prudent...

旁白：正如吉本的斥候长在他的日记中所记录的那样，“如果卡斯特先到达，如果他认为谨慎的话，他可以立即进攻......

He will undoubtedly exert himself to the utmost to get there first and win all the laurels for himself and his regiment."

毫无疑问，他将竭尽全力，首先到达那里，为自己和他的团赢得所有的荣誉。”

Richard Slotkin, Historian: The assumption with fighting the Plains Indians was that they weren't very good at fighting.

理查德·斯洛特金，历史学家：与平原印第安人作战的假设是他们不太擅长战斗。

That is, they won't stand and fight.

也就是说，他们不会站起来战斗。

They'll snipe at you, they'll hold you off and then they'll scatter and run.

他们会狙击你，他们会阻止你，然后他们会四散逃跑。

Charging into the village from a number of different directions was army doctrine at the time.

从多个不同方向冲进村庄是当时的军队条令。

Since the Indians have no command system, they don't know which way to run to fight you.

由于印第安人没有指挥系统，他们不知道该跑哪条路来与你作战。

And therefore they'll become demoralized and they'll flee or surrender, so you should be able to defeat a much larger Indian force with a smaller force of cavalry.

因此他们会士气低落，他们会逃跑或投降，所以你应该能够用较小的骑兵部队击败规模大得多的印度军队。

Narrator: On June 22nd, Custer and his regiment, along with a pack train of mules, carrying rations and ammunition, bade farewell to Terry and Gibbon.

旁白：6月22日，卡斯特和他的团，以及一队驮着口粮和弹药的骡子，告别了特里和吉本。

As they rode off, Gibbon called out, "Now Custer, don't be greedy, save some for us." "No," Custer replied, "I will not."

当他们骑马离开时，吉本喊道：“卡斯特，别贪心了，给我们留点吧。” “不，”卡斯特回答说，“我不会。”

Five days before Custer set off, General George Crook and his Wyoming Column, were relaxing along the banks of the Rosebud.

卡斯特出发前五天，乔治·克鲁克将军和他的怀俄明纵队正在玫瑰花蕾河岸放松。

Suddenly, a large force of Lakota and Cheyenne warriors came pouring out of the mountains.

突然，一大群拉科塔和夏延战士从山里涌了出来。

Crook's men tried desperately to defend themselves as wave after wave of Indians attacked.

当印第安人一波又一波的进攻时，克鲁克的部下拼命地试图自卫。

Only the brave fighting of their Crow and Shoshone scouts prevented the Wyoming Column from being overrun.

只有克劳人和肖肖尼侦察兵的英勇战斗才阻止了怀俄明纵队被占领。

The next day a shaken Crook retreated south.

第二天，惊慌失措的克鲁克向南撤退。

Never before had Indians so boldly attacked him , in force, and kept up a battle all day long.

印第安人从来没有如此大胆地用武力攻击他，并且整天都在战斗。

He eventually sent a report back to General Sheridan in Chicago, but he made no effort to inform Terry of what had happened.

他最终向芝加哥的谢里登将军发回了一份报告，但他没有努力告知特里发生了什么事。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : A real sea change was occurring in terms of the population of the Lakota and Cheyenne, it was moving out in support of Sitting Bull who had put out the call, come on out, you know, this may be our last summer out here on the Plains.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：最后一战：拉科塔人和夏安人的人口正在发生真正的巨变，他们正在搬迁以支持发出号召的坐牛，出来吧，你知道，这可能是我们在平原上的最后一个夏天。

There's a lot of buffalo, look what they're doing with the Black Hills.

这里有很多水牛，看看它们在布莱克山做什么。

Come on out.

出来吧。

Phil Deloria, Historian: People start coalescing around Sitting Bull.

Phil Deloria，历史学家：人们开始聚集在“坐牛”周围。

People start leaving reservations to gather up together, to provide one sort of massed group that are going to fight off this, you know, this incursion and this, and this direct threat.

人们开始留下保留地聚集在一起，形成一种聚集的团体，来对抗这种，你知道，这种入侵和这种直接威胁。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: And so there was a desperation, there were people coming together, there were warriors coming together and joining forces.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：于是人们陷入了绝望，人们聚集在一起，战士们聚集在一起并联手。

And so they started gathering and gathering.

于是他们开始聚集、聚集。

Paul Hutton, Historian: And soon the Little Bighorn valley is teeming with life.

历史学家保罗·赫顿：很快，小比格霍恩山谷就充满了生机。

A vast pony herd numbering in the thousands.

庞大的小马群，数量达数千头。

And not just hundreds of people, but in the great camp circles there are thousands upon thousands of people, perhaps the greatest gathering of native peoples on the Northern Plains in its history.

不仅有数百人，在大营地圈子里也有成千上万的人，这也许是北方平原历史上最大规模的原住民聚集。

For Sitting Bull's people, there's no place to run, there's no place to go.

对于坐牛的人来说，无处可逃，无处可去。

This is it.

就是这样。

I mean this is the last great defense of the Lakota homeland.

我的意思是，这是拉科塔祖国最后一次伟大的保卫战。

Narrator: Custer's column found the trail of Sitting Bull's village on June 23rd, and began following it.

旁白：6 月 23 日，卡斯特的专栏发现了坐牛村的踪迹，并开始追踪。

"There's a lot of them," Custer said at one point to his orderly, John Burkman, "more than we figured." Burkman asked if there were too many.

“数量很多，”卡斯特有一次对他的勤务兵约翰·伯克曼说道，“比我们想象的还要多。”伯克曼问是否有太多。

Custer smiled and replied, "What the 7th can't lick, the whole U.S. army couldn't lick." Worried that Sitting Bull's band would scatter, Custer pushed his column hard, marching through the night of June 24th, until his exhausted men collapsed on the eastern slope of a divide in the Wolf Mountains.

卡斯特微笑着回答：“第七师舔不到的东西，整个美军也舔不到。”由于担心“坐牛”的队伍会分散，卡斯特奋力推进他的纵队，在 6 月 24 日的夜晚行军，直到精疲力尽的部队倒在狼山分水岭的东坡上。

On the other side, Custer hoped, would be Sitting Bull's village.

卡斯特希望另一边是坐牛的村庄。

If he and his men were still undetected, if the village could be surrounded, if they could turn their surprise into an advantage, Custer might at last have the victory he so desperately needed.

如果他和他的部下仍然未被发现，如果村庄能够被包围，如果他们能够将意外转化为优势，卡斯特可能最终会获得他迫切需要的胜利。

Shortly after dawn on the 25th, Custer climbed to the top of the divide, to an overlook called The Crow's Nest.

25 日黎明后不久，卡斯特爬上了分水岭的顶部，到达了一个名为“鸦巢”的观景台。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : They cannot see the village directly because the terrain is very deceptive.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：他们无法直接看到村庄，因为地形非常具有欺骗性。

But in the valley of the Little Bighorn, they can see arising a huge cloud of smoke.

但在小比格霍恩山谷中，他们可以看到升起巨大的烟雾。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: The Crow scouts were the first ones to recognize the fact that there was, they said, there was more Indians there than the military had bullets.

国家公园管理局的杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker）：克罗侦察兵是最先认识到这一事实的人，他们说，那里的印第安人比军队的子弹还要多。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Custer is very skeptical that there even is a village you know, that his eyes are darned good and he can't see it.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：卡斯特非常怀疑是否真的有一个你认识的村庄，他的眼睛太好了，却看不到它。

But eventually he becomes convinced that yes you cannot see it directly, but this is going to prove to be the day.

但最终他确信，是的，你无法直接看到它，但这一天将会被证明。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Soon after he hears a report that several Sioux have been discovered near the pack train that's following the cavalry.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：在他听到报道称在追随骑兵的驮运车队附近发现了几名苏族人后不久。

And Custer is immediately worried that they've been discovered.

卡斯特立即担心他们被发现了。

His troops are exhausted, they've been marching for several days and they're about to engage in a battle against odds that they never predicted.

他的部队已经精疲力尽，他们已经行军了几天，他们即将与他们从未预料到的困难进行一场战斗。

Narrator: Just after noon on June 25th, Custer organized his regiment into battalions, keeping five companies, some 200 men, under his command, while Reno and Benteen led battalions of three companies each.

旁白：6月25日中午刚过，卡斯特将他的团编成了营，下辖5个连，约200人，而雷诺和本廷则各率领3个连的营。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer has surrounded himself with his loyalists.

文化历史学家迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott）：卡斯特周围都是他的忠实拥护者。

So all of his inner circle is traveling with him.

所以他所有的核心圈子都和他一起旅行。

This means that the pivotal forces that are crucial to diverting the attention of the village and to helping him surround it are led by the two men with whom he has a kind of deep enmity, both Major Marcus Reno and Frederick Benteen.

这意味着，对于转移村庄的注意力并帮助他包围村庄至关重要的关键力量，是由与他有某种深仇大恨的两个人领导的，他们都是马库斯·雷诺少校和弗雷德里克·本廷。

Narrator: Custer pushed forward, following the trail towards the village that ran along a small stream known as Sundance Creek.

旁白：卡斯特向前推进，沿着小径前往村庄，这条小溪沿着一条名为圣丹斯溪的小溪流过。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : His scouts give him reason to believe that the Indians down there in the village have begun to scatter.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：他的侦察兵让他有理由相信，村里的印第安人已经开始分散。

That his greatest fear is unfolding.

他最大的恐惧正在显现。

Narrator: Custer divided his forces, sending Benteen towards some hills on the left, hoping to prevent the Indians from escaping to the southwest.

旁白：卡斯特分兵，派本廷前往左侧的一些山头，希望阻止印第安人逃往西南方向。

Seeing dust ahead, and fearing that the Indians were beginning to scatter, Custer ordered Reno to attack, promising to support him.

卡斯特看到前方尘土飞扬，担心印第安人开始四散，于是命令里诺进攻，并承诺支援他。

Then, Custer veered right, toward a set of high bluffs hoping to encircle the village and attack from the North.

然后，卡斯特向右转向，走向一处高耸的悬崖，希望包围村庄并从北方进攻。

He reached the top of the bluffs and finally saw the immense village lying before him, seemingly defenseless.

他到达了悬崖顶，终于看到了眼前那座巨大的村庄，看上去毫无防御能力。

Custer sent a note to Benteen -- "Benteen.

卡斯特给本廷发了一张纸条——“本廷。

Come on.

来吧。

Big village.

大村庄。

Come quick.

快来吧。

Bring packs.

带上包。

Bring packs." Then, waving his hat in his hand, he shouted, "Hurrah, boys, we've got them!

带包来吧。”然后，他挥舞着手中的帽子，喊道：“万岁，孩子们，我们抓住了他们！

We'll finish them up and then go home to our station."

我们会完成它们，然后回到我们的车站。”

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Reno is ordered to charge into the village.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：里诺奉命冲进村庄。

He crosses the Little Bighorn River and he sets out with a little over a hundred men, charging down the valley.

他渡过小比格霍恩河，带着一百多人出发，向山谷冲去。

As he gets closer he still cannot see the village, but there's evidence of Indians.

当他走近时，他仍然看不到村庄，但有印第安人的证据。

Narrator: Reno's battalion kept racing forward, until they rounded a bend in the creek, and Sitting Bull's tipis came into view.

旁白：雷诺的部队继续向前冲，直到绕过小溪的一个拐弯处，坐牛的帐篷映入眼帘。

A scattering of warriors were riding out to meet them.

一群武士骑马出去迎接他们。

Suddenly, Reno ordered his men to halt and dismount.

突然，雷诺命令他的手下停下来并下马。

They formed a firing line, and began shooting into the village.

他们排成一条火线，开始向村庄开枪。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : He became convinced that Custer had ordered him into what was basically an ambush.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：他确信卡斯特命令他进行伏击。

By throwing out this skirmish line he was putting brakes to it, literally.

通过放弃这条小冲突线，他实际上是在踩刹车。

And unfortunately what happened is that all of the fear and panic that he had flowing into that village, began to flow the other way.

不幸的是，他流入那个村庄的所有恐惧和恐慌开始流向另一个方向。

Narrator: Watching Reno's men pause, a mounted Sitting Bull sent his nephew and another warrior to see if the soldiers would negotiate, but they were fired upon and badly wounded.

旁白：看着里诺的士兵停下来，一头骑着马的坐牛派他的侄子和另一名战士去看看士兵们是否愿意谈判，但他们遭到射击并受重伤。

Then Sitting Bull's favorite horse was killed.

然后坐牛最喜欢的马被杀了。

"Now my best horse is shot." He cried.

“现在我最好的马被射杀了。”他哭了。

"It is like they have shot me; attack them." More and more warriors came pouring out of the village, and the outnumbered troopers began a panicked retreat to a stand of trees alongside the river.

“就像他们朝我开枪一样；攻击他们。”越来越多的战士从村子里涌出来，寡不敌众的士兵开始惊慌地撤退到河边的一片树林里。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: The soldiers were not prepared.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：士兵们没有做好准备。

They were tired, they ridden all night long, you're fighting these Indians and they got war paint on and they look mean, you're scared of them and you're not going to act like normal.

他们很累，他们整夜骑行，你正在与这些印第安人战斗，他们涂上了战争油漆，看起来很卑鄙，你害怕他们，你不会像正常人一样行事。

They were absolutely scared of the tribes coming and of course the Indians took advantage of that.

他们绝对害怕部落的到来，当然印第安人利用了这一点。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : They could see warriors flitting around the woods.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：他们可以看到战士在树林里飞来飞去。

The sounds were incredible.

声音令人难以置信。

The whistles, the screams, the firing of the guns.

口哨声、尖叫声、枪声。

Particularly bad were the arrows that were coming down through the trees.

尤其糟糕的是那些从树林中射下来的箭。

It was terrifying.

太可怕了。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: It was over 90 degrees, it was hot, you had gunpowder in the air, you had people screaming, people crying, women on the battlefield, that were rattling their tongue.

国家公园管理局的杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker）：当时温度超过 90 度，天气很热，空气中充满火药，人们尖叫，人们哭泣，战场上的妇女们舌头嘎嘎作响。

Singing songs; singing praise songs.

唱歌；唱赞美诗。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : And what would happen is that Bloody Knife who was Custer's favorite Arikara scout was on a horse beside Reno as they were pulling everybody together.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：当他们把大家召集到一起时，卡斯特最喜欢的阿里卡拉侦察兵血刀骑在马上，站在里诺旁边。

And at one point as Reno was talking to him in sign language, shots went out and Bloody Knife was hit in the back of the head and his blood and brains burst onto Reno's face.

有一次，当雷诺用手语与他交谈时，枪声响起，“血刀”的后脑勺被击中，鲜血和脑浆溅到了雷诺的脸上。

This seemed to be the last straw.

这似乎是最后一根稻草。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: You can tell that he was confused because he told the troopers to mount up, then to dismount, then to mount up, then to dismount, and after that all hell broke loose.

杰拉德·贝克，国家公园管理局：你可以看出他很困惑，因为他告诉士兵们上马，然后下马，然后上马，然后下马，然后一切就乱了套。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : I think Reno's behavior had a lot to the fact that he had been drinking whiskey during the charge down the valley.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：我认为里诺的行为与他在冲下山谷时一直在喝威士忌有关。

That didn't help so Reno, you know his face covered with blood lifts up his pistol and cries out, anyone who wants to live, follow me.

但这并没有帮助，所以雷诺，你知道他满脸是血，举起手枪喊道，任何想活命的人，跟我来。

And off he goes.

然后他就走了。

Reno heads out of the timber, riding hell-bent for the river.

雷诺从树林里出来，一心一意地骑马奔向河边。

The Indians are forcing them across.

印第安人正在强迫他们过去。

And so even though the bank is almost 10 feet high, they jump over into the river, and find a cut in the bank on the other side that allows only one person through.

因此，尽管河岸几乎有 10 英尺高，他们还是跳进河里，并在另一边的河岸上发现了一个只允许一个人通过的切口。

And this becomes a terrible bottleneck.

这成为一个可怕的瓶颈。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: Some of the soldiers got so scared and mixed up they even threw down their weapons in trying to get out of there.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：一些士兵非常害怕，混乱不堪，甚至扔下了武器试图离开那里。

They had ridden all day.

他们骑了一整天。

Their horses are tired and the Indian ponies were fresh.

他们的马很累，而印度小马却很精神。

The Indians said it was like a buffalo hunt.

印第安人说这就像狩猎水牛。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Those that survived make their way up into the bluffs and clearly Reno and, and the survivors are completely shell-shocked by the time they make it out of the valley.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《最后一战》：幸存者进入悬崖，显然是里诺，当幸存者走出山谷时，他们完全震惊了。

Narrator: As he arrived at the top of the hill, Reno saw Captain Benteen approaching.

旁白：当雷诺到达山顶时，他看到本廷队长正在靠近。

"For God's sake, Benteen," he said, "halt your command and help me.

“看在上帝的份上，本廷，”他说，“停止你的命令，来帮助我。

I've lost half my men." Benteen paused and replied, "Where is Custer?"

我已经失去了一半的人了。”本廷停顿了一下，回答道：“卡斯特在哪儿？”

Reno's men had seen Custer wave his hat up on the bluffs and then disappear from view.

里诺的手下看到卡斯特在悬崖上挥舞着帽子，然后就从视野中消失了。

Despite the fact that Benteen had received Custer's orders to "come quick," he and Reno, simply sat and talked.

尽管本廷已经收到了卡斯特“快来”的命令，但他和雷诺只是坐下来交谈。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : They do nothing.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者：最后的立场：他们什么也不做。

There's firing occurring to the north on the other side of an intervening bluff.

北部悬崖另一侧正在发生火灾。

All the warriors have rushed in that direction.

所有武者都朝着那个方向涌去。

Reno and Benteen spend more than an hour and a half basically doing nothing.

Reno和Benteen花了一个多小时基本上什么也没做。

They're talking about Custer.

他们正在谈论卡斯特。

And Benteen brings up the ghost of Major Joel Elliott.

本廷提到了乔尔·埃利奥特少校的鬼魂。

He says, I know what Custer's doing; he's marched off once again, to leave us.

他说，我知道卡斯特在做什么；他再次离去，离开我们。

And like Major Joel Elliott we are probably going to be the ones who end up getting wiped out.

就像乔尔·埃利奥特少校一样，我们很可能最终会被消灭。

It's fascinating to see at this absolutely pivotal point the ghost of the Washita bubbles up and, and leaves Custer without any support from the other battalions.

令人着迷的是，在这个绝对关键的时刻，瓦希塔的幽灵突然冒出来，让卡斯特失去了其他营的任何支持。

Finally one of his officers -- Captain Weir, who is a good friend of Custer's -- is so frustrated by the lack of action and the fact that they can hear the firing to the north, he decides to head out on his own.

最后，他的一名军官——威尔上尉，卡斯特的好朋友——对缺乏行动以及他们能听到北方的枪声感到非常沮丧，他决定独自出发。

And this seems to have shamed Benteen into following up.

这似乎让本廷感到羞愧，不敢跟进。

And they make it to this prominent hill and they look to the north and in the distance they see clouds of smoke and dust.

他们到达了这座突出的山丘，向北望去，看到远处有烟雾和灰尘。

They see what look like Indians shooting down into the ground.

他们看到类似印第安人的东西向地面射击。

And then they see this group of warriors coalescing into a virtual tidal wave as they come streaming in their direction and they realize they've got to retreat and find some ground for a final stand.

然后他们看到这群战士凝聚成虚拟的浪潮，朝他们的方向涌来，他们意识到他们必须撤退并找到一些地方进行最后的抵抗。

Narrator: For the next 36 hours, Reno, Benteen, and 400 soldiers and scouts would hold off more then 2,000 Lakota and Cheyenne warriors.

旁白：在接下来的 36 小时内，里诺、本廷以及 400 名士兵和侦察兵将抵挡超过 2000 名拉科塔和夏延战士。

Finally, at sunset on June 26th, the exhausted men watched as Sitting Bull's entire village of 8,000 Indians and 20,000 horses, began to move away to the south.

最后，在 6 月 26 日日落时分，精疲力竭的人们看着坐牛的整个村庄，包括 8,000 名印第安人和 20,000 匹马，开始向南方迁移。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: That evening when the decision was made by Sitting Bull for the Indians to leave had to been an amazing sight.

杰拉德·贝克（Gerard Baker），国家公园管理局：那天晚上，当“坐牛”决定让印第安人离开时，场面真是令人惊叹。

There would of been dogs barking, there would of been war songs going on, there would've been people crying, because there was Indians losses there as well.

会有狗叫，会有战歌，会有人哭泣，因为那里也有印第安人的损失。

The cavalry didn't have their heart or their spirit into their fight whereas Sitting Bull and the rest of those warriors did.

骑兵们没有全心全意地投入战斗，而坐牛和其他战士却全心全意地投入战斗。

It was their land; it was their last stand.

这是他们的土地；这是他们的最后一站。

They were fighting for something completely different to a certain extent.

他们在某种程度上是在为完全不同的东西而战。

They were fighting for their survival.

他们为生存而战。

They were fighting for their way of life.

他们正在为自己的生活方式而奋斗。

Narrator: The following day, General Terry and Colonel Gibbon at last arrived on the battlefield.

旁白：第二天，特里将军和吉本上校终于到达了战场。

A lieutenant reported finding 197 bodies lying in the hills.

一名中尉报告说在山上发现了 197 具尸体。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : Terry makes his way up to the hill and one of the first people to speak is Benteen.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：特里爬上山，第一个发言的人之一是本廷。

And Benteen you know, where's Custer?

你知道本廷，卡斯特在哪里？

And Terry says, well we're not sure exactly, but over on the, on the other side of that ridge are a couple of hundred bodies and we think that's where Custer is.

特里说，我们不确定，但在山脊的另一边有几百具尸体，我们认为那就是卡斯特所在的地方。

And Benteen says, no no, Custer's alive, he's, he's on the Bighorn River, watering his horses while we've been here in this great siege.

本廷说，不，不，卡斯特还活着，他在比​​格霍恩河上给他的马喝水，而我们却在这场大围困中。

So Terry puts Benteen in charge of the group that go out to check out the battlefield and Benteen does that and one of his privates is the first to find Custer.

因此，特里让本廷负责前往战场查看的小组，本廷照做了，他的一名列兵第一个找到了卡斯特。

And Benteen gets off his horse, walks down, looks down and says, "My God, it's him."

本廷下了马，走下来，低头说道：“天哪，是他。”

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : And what you see in that moment is the vindictive dream that Benteen had held to throughout those two days that Custer was out there and by their survival, they were going to bring him down, was gone.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：在那一刻你看到的是本廷在卡斯特在那里的两天里一直坚持的报复性梦想，他们的生存，他们将把他打倒，已经消失了。

That Custer had been the Major Joel Elliott.

那个卡斯特就是乔尔·埃利奥特少校。

Custer had been the one who had been abandoned and it had been Benteen you could argue that had abandoned him.

卡斯特是被抛弃的人，而你可以说是本廷抛弃了他。

Narrator: The exact details of Custer's death would never be known.

旁白：卡斯特死亡的具体细节永远不会为人所知。

Lakota and Cheyenne witnesses would claim that he died early in the battle, attempting to cross the Little Bighorn at a place called Medicine Tail Coulee.

拉科塔和夏安的目击者声称他在战斗初期就死了，当时他试图在一个叫药尾谷的地方越过小大角山。

A member of Custer's battalion later claimed to have seen him riding alone along the river's edge.

卡斯特营的一名成员后来声称看到他独自沿着河边骑马。

Others argued he was one of the last to fall, while making a desperate attempt to capture Lakota and Cheyenne non-combatants at the northern end of the village.

其他人则认为，他是最后倒下的人之一，同时拼命试图捕获村庄北端的拉科塔和夏安非战斗人员。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : The great mystery will always hover over this battle because everyone under Custer's immediate command would be killed.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》作者：这场战斗永远是一个巨大的谜团，因为卡斯特直接指挥下的每个人都将被杀死。

There were plenty of Lakota and Cheyenne witnesses, but it was just a crazy battlefield, smoke, dust, arrows everywhere, horses panicking, a wave of warriors, troopers basically naked in the middle of a battlefield; only about a hundred of them were alive.

有很多拉科塔人和夏延人的目击者，但这只是一个疯狂的战场，烟雾、灰尘、箭矢无处不在，马匹惊慌失措，一波战士，士兵们基本上赤身裸体地站在战场中央；他们中只有大约一百人还活着。

And then it was the unfolding of what has become known as the 'Last Stand' where you have you know just a basically a handful of people surrounded by this huge force.

然后就是所谓的“背水一战”的展开，你知道基本上只有少数人被这股巨大的力量包围。

Narrator: Custer's body was found at the crest of a flat-topped hill, with a bullet wound in his chest, and another through the left temple.

旁白：卡斯特的尸体在一座平顶山的山顶被发现，胸部有枪伤，左侧太阳穴也有枪伤。

His brother Tom lay beside him.

他的弟弟汤姆躺在他旁边。

Boston Custer, Autie Reed and William Cooke's bodies were all nearby.

波士顿卡斯特、奥蒂·里德和威廉·库克的尸体都在附近。

Narrator: In the early morning hours of July 6th, 1876, the Far West completed its more than 700 mile journey and arrived at Fort Lincoln with the news of the disaster.

旁白：1876年7月6日凌晨，远西号完成了700多英里的旅程，带着灾难的消息抵达林肯堡。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : The fort is asleep, but really no one is asleep because they've heard the whistle from the steamboat as it came into Bismarck a couple hours earlier.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《背水一战》：堡垒正在沉睡，但实际上没有人在沉睡，因为他们听到了几小时前驶入俾斯麦的汽船的汽笛声。

And so they go to the Custer's quarters and tap on the door.

于是他们去了卡斯特的住处，敲了敲门。

And Libbie is, comes downstairs with her sister-in-law, Custer's sister.

莉比和她的嫂子、卡斯特的妹妹一起下楼。

And they get the news.

他们得到了消息。

Narrator: Libbie Custer and 26 other women at the Fort were now widows.

旁白：莉比·卡斯特和堡垒中的其他 26 名妇女现在都成了寡妇。

"Imagine the grief of these stricken women," one observer noted, "their sobs, their flood of tears, the grief that knew no consolation."

“想象一下这些受灾妇女的悲伤，”一位观察者指出，“她们的抽泣，她们的泪水，没有任何安慰的悲伤。”

Shirley Leckie, Historian: Libbie has to be the commanding officer's wife, she has to be of comfort to the other women, and she keeps that in mind at the same time she's shivering even though it's very hot.

雪莉·莱基（Shirley Leckie），历史学家：莉比必须成为指挥官的妻子，她必须为其他女性提供安慰，尽管天气很热，但她在颤抖的同时也牢记着这一点。

Once she has performed that duty, she goes into a very deep depression.

一旦她履行了这一职责，她就会陷入深深的沮丧之中。

Paul Hutton, Historian: No one could believe it that Custer, and all of his companies of the 7th, had been wiped out.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：没有人相信卡斯特和他的第七连队已经被消灭了。

Custer the boy general, Custer the hero of the plains, and the 7th Cavalry, wiped out.

童子将军卡斯特、平原英雄卡斯特和第七骑兵团全军覆没。

How could that possibly be true?

这怎么可能是真的？

No one could believe it.

没有人相信这一点。

Gerard Baker, National Park Service: They couldn't accept the fact that Custer was beaten by American Indians.

杰拉德·贝克，国家公园管理局：他们无法接受卡斯特被美洲印第安人殴打的事实。

And some of the press even went so far as to say that Sitting Bull really wasn't Indian.

一些媒体甚至说“坐牛”实际上不是印度人。

They didn't want to accept the fact that an Indian or Indians outsmarted them.

他们不想接受一个或多个印第安人比他们聪明的事实。

Louis Warren, Historian: They say that Sitting Bull must have studied Napoleon to defeat Custer.

路易斯·沃伦，历史学家：他们说坐牛一定是研究了拿破仑才能击败卡斯特。

That he was a spy who graduated from West Point and then had gone back to the Sioux and had become you know this genius, a military genius for the Sioux.

他是一名从西点军校毕业的间谍，然后回到苏族，成为了你知道的天才，苏族的军事天才。

Narrator: There were immediate calls for revenge, and the Army of the West dispatched new columns of troops to track down the Indians.

旁白：立即有人要求复仇，西方军队派出新的部队追捕印第安人。

By the fall of that year, virtually all of the Lakota and Cheyenne would be forced back onto the reservations.

到那年秋天，几乎所有拉科塔人和夏安人都将被迫返回保留地。

Only Sitting Bull remained unyielding, living with his band of 5,000 Lakota in Canada.

只有坐牛仍然不屈不挠，与他的 5000 名拉科塔人一起生活在加拿大。

Meanwhile, Americans argued over who was responsible for the debacle at the Little Bighorn.

与此同时，美国人争论谁应对小比格霍恩的灾难负责。

"I regard Custer's Massacre as a sacrifice of troops that was wholly unnecessary," President Grant declared.

“我认为卡斯特大屠杀是完全没有必要的军队牺牲，”格兰特总统宣称。

In his report, General Terry blamed the catastrophe squarely on the 7th's commander.

特里将军在报告中将这场灾难直接归咎于第七军团的指挥官。

Even Custer's allies, Sherman and Sheridan, admitted that he had been "rashly imprudent to attack such a large number of Indians." One voice, however, refused to allow General Custer to take the blame.

就连卡斯特的盟友谢尔曼和谢里登也承认，他“攻击如此大量的印第安人是非常轻率的”。然而，有一种声音拒绝让卡斯特将军承担责任。

Shirley Leckie, Historian: Libbie Custer has to decide what she's going to do with her life, and her cousin tells her wouldn't you rather be the widow of such a man than the wife of many another.

雪莉·莱基（Shirley Leckie），历史学家：莉比·卡斯特（Libbie Custer）必须决定她的一生要做什么，她的表弟告诉她，你宁愿成为这样一个男人的遗孀，也不愿成为其他许多人的妻子。

And that's the basic decision that Libby makes, that she will find ways of maintaining his reputation as a hero.

这就是莉比做出的基本决定，她会想办法维护他作为英雄的声誉。

Narrator: Libbie's ally in her campaign to sanctify her husband's memory came in the guise of a dime novelist named Frederick Whittaker.

旁白：莉比在纪念她丈夫的运动中的盟友是一位名叫弗雷德里克·惠特克的廉价小说家。

She granted him access to some of George's personal letters, and he quickly fashioned a fawning biography of Custer that extolled his heroic virtues and dauntless courage.

她允许他查阅乔治的一些私人信件，他很快就写了一本阿谀奉承的卡斯特传记，歌颂他的英雄美德和无畏的勇气。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: What the Whittaker biography does is it takes a scattered bunch of stories that exist in this newspaper and that magazine and it composes a master story.

理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin），历史学家：惠特克传记的作用是，它采用了本报纸和该杂志中存在的一堆分散的故事，并组成了一个主要故事。

Now you've got the authoritative source for the Custer legend.

现在您已经获得了卡斯特传奇的权威来源。

Narrator: Painted as the villain in Whittaker's book, Marcus Reno spent the rest of his life fighting to clear his name.

旁白：马库斯·雷诺在惠特克的书中被描绘成反派，他的余生都在为自己的名誉而奋斗。

Consumed by alcohol and dismissed from the service, he died of complications from throat cancer in 1889.

1889 年，他酗酒并被开除公职，并死于喉癌并发症。

Frederick Benteen continued his career, until he criticized one commander too many, and was forced out of the army.

弗雷德里克·本廷继续他的职业生涯，直到他批评一名指挥官太多，并被迫退出军队。

He would keep writing diatribes about Custer for years, unable to escape his nemesis.

多年来，他一直在写关于卡斯特的谩骂，无法逃脱他的宿敌。

While many of the participants in the Battle of the Little Bighorn seemed tormented by the experience, one Westerner managed to turn a profit on it.

虽然小比格霍恩战役的许多参与者似乎都受到了这次经历的折磨，但一名西方人却成功地从中获利。

Only weeks after the news of the massacre, the western scout and promoter, William F.

就在大屠杀的消息传出几周后，西部侦察员兼发起人威廉·F.

Cody, could be seen on a New York stage in a melodrama entitled Buffalo Bill's First Scalp for Custer .

科迪出现在纽约舞台上的一部名为《布法罗比尔为卡斯特献上的第一颗头皮》的情节剧中。

Louis Warren, Historian: Right away Custer becomes a kind of martyr to the cause of American progress, and this allows the cause to be more acceptable than ever, because it isn't as if Americans have not sacrificed anything now.

历史学家路易斯·沃伦：卡斯特立刻成为美国进步事业的烈士，这使得这一事业比以往任何时候都更容易被接受，因为美国人现在似乎没有牺牲任何东西。

Right, it's not as if they haven't given something up.

是啊，他们也不是没有放弃什么。

They gave up Custer.

他们放弃了卡斯特。

The more glorious they can paint Custer in the aftermath of his death the more they seem to have sacrificed as they take away all the Indians' land.

他们在卡斯特死后将卡斯特描绘得越光荣，他们在夺走所有印第安人的土地时似乎就做出了越多的牺牲。

Narrator: In the end, it was Libbie who did the most to burnish the Custer legend.

旁白：最终，为卡斯特的传奇增光添彩的是莉比。

Louis Warren, Historian: Libbie becomes a grieving widow, not a role she would have chosen, but it's one she takes on for the rest of her life.

路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），历史学家：莉比成为一名悲伤的寡妇，这不是她愿意选择的角色，但她在余生中都要扮演这个角色。

And the widow is a very powerful figure in American culture.

寡妇在美国文化中是一个非常有影响力的人物。

It's impossible to criticize her husband while she's alive.

她在世的时候，不可能去批评她的丈夫。

She writes three memoirs and in these books she presents life with George Custer as charming and glorious and honorable.

她写了三本回忆录，在这些书中，她将与乔治·卡斯特的生活描述为迷人、光荣和光荣的。

Narrator: Her books became best-sellers, and shaped the image of Custer for more than half a century, until Libbie died in 1933, just four days shy of her 91st birthday.

旁白：她的书成为畅销书，并在半个多世纪的时间里塑造了卡斯特的形象，直到 Libbie 于 1933 年去世，距她 91 岁生日仅剩四天。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author, The Last Stand : Libbie fashioned one version of the Custer we know, but there were many more to come.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），《最后一战》作者：莉比塑造了我们所知的卡斯特的一个版本，但未来还会有更多版本。

Custer, you know, is a lightning rod.

卡斯特，你知道，是一根避雷针。

He is an icon.

他是一个偶像。

He's wired for immortality in a way in that as the times change, he's there to channel those changes.

他在某种程度上渴望永垂不朽，因为随着时代的变化，他会引导这些变化。

And so with each age, he's re-invented.

因此，随着每个时代的到来，他都会被重新发明。

Louis Warren, Historian: In 1941 comes Errol Flynn's role as Custer in They Died With Their Boots On .

路易斯·沃伦 (Louis Warren)，历史学家：1941 年，埃罗尔·弗林 (Errol Flynn) 在《他们死时穿着靴子》中饰演卡斯特 (Custer)。

And this movie at that moment, the Last Stand scene is very useful for Americans who are conceiving of combat in these terms.

而这部电影的最后一战场景对于正在以这些方式构想战斗的美国人来说非常有用。

The civilization that must triumph with the men who will not surrender, through the men who will not surrender, even when they are faced by overwhelming odds.

这个文明必须通过那些不投降的人来取得胜利，通过那些即使面临压倒性的困难也不会投降的人。

After the Second World War, and especially by the time of the Vietnam War, the Last Stand myth gets put to different purposes, most famously in Little Big Man .

第二次世界大战后，尤其是越南战争时期，背水一战的神话被用于不同的目的，最著名的是《小大人》。

It becomes useful for critics, who present Custer as crazy, an absolute maniac, a megalomaniac.

它对批评家来说很有用，他们把卡斯特描绘成一个疯子、一个绝对的疯子、一个狂妄自大的人。

And the Last Stand becomes the final proof of his insanity and of the insanity of the whole expansionist, imperialist mission.

而最后的立场成为他的疯狂以及整个扩张主义、帝国主义使命的疯狂的最终证明。

Richard Slotkin, Historian: A hero, a myth is a symbol to think with.

历史学家理查德·斯洛特金（Richard Slotkin）：英雄、神话是一种值得思考的象征。

And as we change our attitudes about race, as we change our attitudes about Native Americans, as we reread American history as our present changes, looking backwards, we reinterpret the image of Custer.

当我们改变对种族的态度时，当我们改变对美洲原住民的态度时，当我们随着当前的变化重新解读美国历史时，回顾过去，我们重新诠释了卡斯特的形象。

Paul Hutton, Historian: He's gone from hero to villain, from brilliant commander to fool.

保罗·赫顿，历史学家：他从英雄变成了恶棍，从杰出的指挥官变成了傻瓜。

He is deeply flawed.

他有很深的缺陷。

But the ambition, the ruthlessness is why we remember him.

但他的野心和冷酷正是我们铭记他的原因。

Nathaniel Philbrick, Author,: The Last Stand : I think this is ultimately kind of passion play, where human personality is laid out there in the most extraordinary, terrifying circumstances.

纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克（Nathaniel Philbrick），作者，《背水一战》：我认为这最终是一种激情游戏，人的个性在最不寻常、最可怕的情况下展现出来。

And it's not pretty.

而且它并不漂亮。

It never is pretty.

它从来都不是漂亮的。

Michael Elliott, Cultural Historian: Custer is controversial for the same reasons he was so successful in his own time.

迈克尔·埃利奥特（Michael Elliott），文化历史学家：卡斯特之所以备受争议，与他在自己那个时代如此成功的原因相同。

He was an outsized personality who used the tools around him to shape himself into a public figure that embodies many of the things that make us uncomfortable about American history.

他是一个非常有个性的人，他利用周围的工具将自己塑造成一个公众人物，体现了许多让我们对美国历史感到不舒服的事情。

The way that Americans sometimes rush into a military action, the way that America has treated American Indians and other peoples now around the world.

美国人有时仓促采取军事行动的方式，美国对待美洲印第安人和世界各地其他民族的方式。

These are questions that are really raw and nagging and we, we haven't resolved them.

这些问题确实很原始且令人烦恼，但我们还没有解决它们。

And until we do we're going to keep returning to Custer and the controversies that surround him.

在此之前，我们将继续回到卡斯特以及围绕他的争议。

Like everything else about General George Custer, his martyrdom was shrouded in controversy and contradictions.

就像乔治·卡斯特将军的其他一切一样，他的殉难也充满了争议和矛盾。

A behind the scenes look at Custer's Last Stand .

卡斯特背水一战的幕后花絮。

After the Civil War, the U.S. government began to increasingly focus on its western territories.

内战结束后，美国政府开始越来越关注其西部领土。

Browse this image gallery of Custer as he became known as the fearless Lieutenant Colonel who embodied the American Western frontier.

浏览卡斯特的图片库，因为他被称为美国西部边疆的无所畏惧的中校。