Buffalo Bill
Narrator: : For many of the women the sight was overwhelming: U.S. cavalry appearing over the horizon, closing in on their encampment near Wounded Knee.
旁白：对于许多妇女来说，这一景象令人难以承受：美国骑兵出现在地平线上，逼近她们在伤膝附近的营地。
Some of them began to cry; the men tried to comfort them.
他们中的一些人开始哭泣；另一些人开始哭泣。男人们试图安慰他们。
The soldiers marched steadily forward.
士兵们稳步前行。
The high wailing of the women blended with the tinkling bells of a merry-go-round, with the sounds of the cars that were still arriving, and of the spectators who had come in from all over Nebraska and South Dakota.
妇女们的高声哀号与旋转木马叮当作响的铃声、仍在驶来的汽车的声音以及从内布拉斯加州和南达科他州各地赶来的观众的声音混在一起。
At the center of it all was one of the most famous people in the world: William Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill.
这一切的中心人物是世界上最著名的人物之一：威廉·科迪（William Cody），更广为人知的名字是布法罗·比尔（Buffalo Bill）。
The sixty-seven-year-old Cody was directing his first movie — a reenactment of the Wounded Knee massacre — and doing what he had always done: blurring the line between truth and entertainment, history and myth.
六十七岁的科迪正在执导他的第一部电影——重演伤膝大屠杀——并做着他一直在做的事情：模糊真相与娱乐、历史与神话之间的界限。
Buffalo Bill Cody had lived both sides of that line.
布法罗·比尔·科迪曾住在这条线的两边。
He had grown up in the real West, knew the sorrow and cruelty and courage that had created it.
他在真正的西方长大，知道造成它的悲伤、残酷和勇气。
But he understood that the West was something more, even for those who would never see it…and that he could be the hero in the story they wanted to live.
但他明白，即使对于那些永远看不到西方的人来说，西方也有更多的意义……而且他可以成为他们想要生活的故事中的英雄。
Paul Fees, Historian: : That myth of the West, all of those things that we tend to think of as the Western adventure, somehow it was all wrapped up in the person of Buffalo Bill.
历史学家保罗·费斯（Paul Fees）： 西部神话，所有那些我们倾向于认为是西部冒险的事情，不知何故都包含在布法罗·比尔这个人身上。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : He connects us to a story that is at the heart of the American experience.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：他将我们与美国经历的核心故事联系起来。
And he made the American West into the American story.
他把美国西部变成了美国的故事。
Narrator: : In 1866 the twenty-year old William Cody was adrift in the wake of the Civil War.
旁白： 1866 年，二十岁的威廉·科迪 (William Cody) 因内战而漂泊不定。
His boyhood home was gone, most of his family dead.
他童年时的家已经消失了，他的大部分家人都死了。
He left behind the remains of his past and joined the flood of young men heading West.
他抛下了过去的遗骸，加入了前往西部的年轻人洪流。
“I sighed for the freedom of the plains,” he later recalled; “I started out alone for Saline, Kansas, which was then the end of the track.”
“我为平原的自由而叹息，”他后来回忆道。 “我独自出发前往堪萨斯州的萨林，那里是赛道的终点。”
Paul Fees, Historian: : Kansas must have been an enormously exciting place.
历史学家保罗·费斯：：堪萨斯一定是一个非常令人兴奋的地方。
Lots of soldiers suddenly out on their own, the railroads building, the army moving out on the plains to resume their war on the Plains Indians, yeah, a very interesting place for people on the make.
许多士兵突然独立出来，修建铁路，军队开进平原，恢复对平原印第安人的战争，是的，这对人们来说是一个非常有趣的地方。
And Cody certainly was on the make.
科迪无疑正在崛起。
Narrator: : He was at home with the tracklayers, bullwhackers, speculators, and cowboys who congregated in the towns that were springing up as the rails pushed West.
旁白：他对铁轨向西推进时聚集在城镇中的铺轨工、牛头匠、投机者和牛仔感到很熟悉。
Life was exciting and sometimes dangerous but after all, he’d spent much of the Civil War riding with Union irregulars — rough customers…he could handle himself.
生活令人兴奋，有时也很危险，但毕竟，在内战的大部分时间里，他都与联邦非正规军——粗鲁的顾客一起骑行……他能处理好自己。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : He was well over six feet tall.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：他身高超过六英尺。
Very attractive.
非常有吸引力。
And this is a time when the average height was like, you know, five and a half feet.
那是一个平均身高大约五英尺半的时期。
So he really he stood out in a crowd.
所以他确实在人群中脱颖而出。
Narrator: : He had the brash confidence that sometimes comes of hardship and loss.
旁白：：他有一种傲慢的自信，这种自信有时来自于困难和失落。
He could drink with the best of them, and often did.
他可以和他们中最好的人一起喝酒，而且经常这样做。
But Cody was a bit of a loner; he kept his many companions at arm’s length.
但科迪有点孤独。他与许多同伴保持着一定的距离。
In fact, it might have come as a surprise to his drinking buddies that Bill Cody had left a wife behind.
事实上，比尔·科迪留下妻子可能会让他的酒友感到惊讶。
He’d met Louisa Frederici in St. Louis at the end of the war.
战争结束时，他在圣路易斯遇见了路易莎·弗雷德里奇。
They weren’t a perfect match.
他们并不是完美的搭档。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : You’ve got Cody who’s a kid that’s grown up in eastern Kansas, has been out West and lived a pretty rugged life.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：科迪是一个在堪萨斯州东部长大的孩子，一直在西部生活，过着相当坎坷的生活。
And she grows up in the French quarter of St. Louis.
她在圣路易斯的法国区长大。
Goes to Catholic convent school.
去天主教修道院学校。
Paul Fees, Historian: : Golly, she’s, in her pictures she’s, she’s almost sultry looking.
历史学家保罗·费斯：天哪，她，在她的照片中，她看起来几乎是性感的。
And she must have seemed terribly exotic to him.
她对他来说一定显得非常陌生。
And his was a life then of trying to make a home for her.
那时他的生活就是努力为她建立一个家。
But he wasn’t good at that part.
但他不擅长那部分。
Narrator: : Louisa had warned Cody that she didn’t want any roving plainsman for a husband.
旁白：：路易莎警告科迪，她不想让任何流浪的平原人做丈夫。
But he just couldn’t settle down: it was only six months after their wedding that he’d headed off to west Kansas, leaving her at his sister’s home, alone and pregnant.
但他就是无法安定下来：他们结婚后仅六个月，他就前往堪萨斯州西部，把怀孕的她独自留在他姐姐的家里。
But he didn’t forget about her.
但他没有忘记她。
He sent home whatever money he could, and lived a hard life to do so.
他尽其所能地把钱寄回家，并为此过着艰苦的生活。
Cody finally got a bit of a break in the spring of 1868 when U.S. Army officers at Fort Hays hired him to help track down some deserters.
1868 年春天，海斯堡的美国陆军军官聘请科迪帮助追捕一些逃兵，科迪终于得到了喘息的机会。
For Cody the best part of the job was the company he got to keep: the deputy marshal from nearby Junction City.
对于科迪来说，这份工作中最好的部分是他必须保留的同伴：来自附近章克申城的副元帅。
James Butler Hickok was already well known as Wild Bill.
詹姆斯·巴特勒·希科克（James Butler Hickok）因“狂野比尔”而闻名。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Wild Bill is a scout for the army.
路易斯·沃伦，传记作者：：狂野比尔是一名军队侦察兵。
He occasionally acts as US detective, which means he’s in charge of tracking down deserters.
他偶尔会扮演美国侦探，这意味着他负责追捕逃兵。
And then in 1867 Wild Bill Hickok became the subject of a magazine article in Harpers New Monthly Magazine.
1867 年，狂野的比尔·希科克 (Wild Bill Hickok) 成为《Harpers 新月刊》杂志文章的主题。
Paul Fees, Historian: : It made Hickok into what, for Easterners, seemed the very embodiment of kind of a flamboyant Western, dangerous hero or anti-hero even.
历史学家保罗·费斯：对于东方人来说，它使希科克成为了一种华丽的西方英雄甚至反英雄的化身。
So Hickok became famous largely through his own flamboyance but also through publicity.
因此，希科克的出名主要是通过他自己的浮夸，但也通过宣传。
Narrator: : Hickok made a habit of waiting on railway platforms for Eastern tourists.
旁白：：希科克养成了在火车站台等待东方游客的习惯。
He knew what they wanted to see and he dressed the part, wearing clothes that would have suited Daniel Boone’s Kentucky better than post-Civil War Kansas.
他知道他们想看到什么，而且他的穿着也很适合丹尼尔·布恩的肯塔基州，而不是内战后的堪萨斯州。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Cody looks at Wild Bill and sees Hickok running what is kind of a one-man show and the show is the life of Wild Bill Hickok.
路易斯·沃伦（Louis Warren），传记作者：科迪看着狂野比尔，看到希科克正在表演一场独角戏，而这个节目就是狂野比尔希科克的生活。
And he starts to think maybe I could do that.
他开始认为也许我可以做到这一点。
Cody begins to wear his hair long.
科迪开始留长发。
He begins to put on buckskin.
他开始穿上鹿皮。
He begins to tell some of the same stories that Hickok has told only he features himself at the center of those stories instead of Hickok.
他开始讲述一些与希科克讲述过的故事相同的故事，只是这些故事的中心是他自己而不是希科克。
Narrator: : Easterners pictured frontier life as a heroic struggle to bring civilization to the West and subdue Indian savagery.
旁白：东方人将边疆生活描绘成一场英勇的斗争，为西方带来文明并制服印第安人的野蛮行为。
In fact, a demoralized army was stuck in an ugly war, fighting an elusive enemy in unfamiliar terrain.
事实上，一支士气低落的军队陷入了一场丑陋的战争，在陌生的地形与难以捉摸的敌人作战。
Scouts were crucial, and Cody was good.
球探很重要，而科迪也很出色。
As the war with the Plains Indians heated up in the late 1860s, Cody would fight in more battles than most full-time soldiers.
1860 年代末，随着与平原印第安人的战争愈演愈烈，科迪参加的战斗比大多数全职士兵都多。
He liked scouting: it was adventuresome and it paid well.
他喜欢侦察：这充满冒险精神，而且报酬丰厚。
What’s more, it was stable enough that Louisa brought their daughter and rejoined him at Fort McPherson.
更重要的是，情况足够稳定，路易莎带着他们的女儿在麦克弗森堡与他会合。
The next year the couple had a second child, a boy they named after the famous scout, Kit Carson.
第二年，这对夫妇生下了第二个孩子，他们以著名童子军基特·卡森的名字命名了这个男孩。
But Cody always had his eye on the horizon, looking for the next chance.
但科迪始终关注地平线，寻找下一次机会。
In the summer of 1869 that chance turned up in the person of a New York writer who went by the name of Ned Buntline.
1869 年夏天，这个机会出现在一位名叫内德·邦特兰 (Ned Buntline) 的纽约作家身上。
Buntline had plenty of reasons for using an alias: on more than one occasion he’d neglected to get rid of one wife before marrying another, and despite this surplus of wives had found the energy to kill a man in duel over a yet another woman.
邦特莱恩使用化名的理由有很多：他不止一次在与另一位妻子结婚之前忘记摆脱一位妻子，尽管妻子数量过剩，但他还是有能力在与另一位女人的决斗中杀死一个男人。
But he was also one of the most successful writers of the day.
但他也是当时最成功的作家之一。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : Buntline is looking for somebody to write a book about.
Charles Scoggin，作家：：Buntline 正在寻找某人来写一本书。
And it was going to be Wild Bill Hickok by most accounts.
大多数人认为，这将是狂野的比尔·希科克(Wild Bill Hickok)。
Hickok either wasn’t available or refused to talk to him or what have you.
希科克要么没空，要么拒绝与他交谈，或者你有什么。
And he decides to write a book about Cody which is called “Buffalo Bill: King of the Bordermen.” The book finally gets serialized in one of the New York publications.
他决定写一本关于科迪的书，书名叫《水牛比尔：边境人之王》。这本书最终在纽约的一家出版物上连载。
And at that point Cody suddenly becomes a real celebrity.
就在那时，科迪突然成为一个真正的名人。
Narrator: : Buffalo Bill joined a growing band of frontier heroes, idols of a public fascinated by the West.
旁白：布法罗·比尔加入了越来越多的边疆英雄行列，他们是迷恋西方的公众的偶像。
For most Americans that West existed only in dime novels and story papers.
对于大多数美国人来说，韦斯特只存在于廉价小说和故事报纸中。
But the wealthy and well-connected could live out their Western fantasies.
但富有和人脉广泛的人可以实现他们的西方幻想。
Soon, eastern sports were saddling up to hunt buffalo, led by famous scouts like Buffalo Bill.
很快，东方体育运动在布法罗·比尔等著名侦察员的带领下开始狩猎水牛。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : But very few of these men knew how hard this actually was.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：但这些人中很少有人知道这实际上有多困难。
The most common mishap was for a hunter to shoot his own horse through the head.
最常见的事故是猎人射穿了自己的马的头部。
One guide said the safest place to be with a party of dudes is nearest the buffalo.
一位导游说，与一群男人在一起最安全的地方是最靠近水牛的地方。
And Cody was hunting with these men and they adored him.
科迪和这些人一起打猎，他们很崇拜他。
Because not only did he look the part of a Western hero, but he cultivated his skills as a horseback hunter in ways that few other people had.
因为他不仅看起来像西方英雄，而且他以很少有人具备的方式培养了骑马猎人的技能。
One of his biggest critics actually said I saw him shoot sixteen buffalo from the back of a horse that was frightened of buffalo using sixteen shots.
他最大的批评者之一实际上说我看到他从一匹害怕水牛的马背上用十六枪射杀了十六头水牛。
It was the most spectacular exhibition of buffalo hunting he’d ever seen.
这是他见过的最壮观的水牛狩猎展览。
That’s what these dudes are paying for in part is to be in the company of somebody who’s like that.
这就是这些家伙付出的部分代价是为了和这样的人在一起。
Narrator: : Cody was brushing elbows with men from the most rarefied circles of society.
旁白：：科迪与来自社会最上流圈子的男人擦肩而过。
Their adulation was new to him; he was becoming aware of his own charisma, and of how far that might take him.
他们的奉承对他来说是新鲜事。他开始意识到自己的魅力，以及这可能会带他走多远。
Just three years after Louisa had moved to Fort McPherson, Cody left the family behind again: he took Ned Buntline up on an offer to come to Chicago.
路易莎搬到麦克弗森堡三年后，科迪再次离开了家人：他接受了内德·邦特莱恩的邀请，来到了芝加哥。
Instead of telling his stories to well-heeled tourists, Buffalo Bill would bring the West to audiences who could only dream of the frontier.
布法罗·比尔没有向富有的游客讲述他的故事，而是将西部带到了那些只能梦想边疆的观众面前。
Paul Fees, Historian: : Cody agreed to appear in a play that Buntline supposedly had written for him.
保罗·费斯，历史学家：：科迪同意出演邦特莱恩为他写的一部戏剧。
Now, Buffalo Bill himself was probably inclined to do this.
现在，布法罗·比尔本人可能也倾向于这样做。
But he had a pal, Texas Jack Omohundro, who was almost clamoring to become part of this.
但他有一个朋友，德克萨斯州杰克·奥莫亨德罗(Texas Jack Omohundro)，他几乎吵着要加入其中。
Bobby Bridger, Writer: : When they got to Chicago they found that Buntline hadn’t written the play yet.
鲍比·布里杰（Bobby Bridger），编剧：：当他们到达芝加哥时，他们发现邦特莱恩还没有写剧本。
When the word got out that the play had not been written the, the man who owned the theater backed out of the production.
当该剧尚未写完的消息传出后，剧院老板退出了制作。
And so Buntline had to borrow the money from Texas Jack and Buffalo Bill to rent the theater.
因此邦特莱恩不得不向德克萨斯杰克和布法罗比尔借钱来租用剧院。
And I think that says a lot about Ned Buntline.
我认为这充分说明了内德·邦特兰的情况。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Buntline says don’t worry about it, don’t worry about it.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：邦特莱恩说别担心，别担心。
Takes him to a hotel.
带他去了一家酒店。
Gets him into a hotel room and says he’ll be back in a little bit with the play.
带他进酒店房间，并说他稍后会回来看戏。
And four hours later he leapt up from his desk allegedly and shouted “Hurrah, hurrah for Scouts of the Plains.
据称，四个小时后，他从办公桌上跳起来，大喊“万岁，平原童子军万岁”。
That’s the title of the play.
这就是这部剧的标题。
It’s finished!”
完了！”
Bobby Bridger, Writer: : These two men that Buntline brought to the theater were totally inexperienced.
鲍比·布里杰（Bobby Bridger），编剧：：邦特莱恩带到剧院的这两个人完全没有经验。
They had a terrible time remembering their lines.
他们很难记住台词。
And when they got out on stage they just were absolutely stone cold petrified.
当他们走上舞台时，他们完全被吓呆了。
Buntline started coaching them on stage and trying to throw lines to them that they froze and wouldn’t respond to.
邦特莱恩开始在台上指导他们，并试图向他们抛出台词，但他们却愣住了，没有回应。
So finally in desperation he asked Cody what have you been doing?
最后，他绝望地问科迪，你最近在做什么？
And Cody saw a friend of his out in the audience and said I’ve been on a hunt with Mulligan up there.
科迪在观众席上看到了他的一个朋友，并说我一直在和穆里根一起狩猎。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : And then he proceeds to tell stories about the hunt, and the crowd just loved it.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：然后他开始讲述狩猎的故事，人们非常喜欢它。
They just roared.
他们只是咆哮。
And in fact, Cody would recount that he did not utter one word of his lines that whole night.
事实上，科迪回忆说，他整个晚上都没有说出台词中的一个字。
That he just made up stories.
他只是编造故事。
Bobby Bridger, Writer: : At that moment Buffalo Bill realized that people would come to see the star more than they would the show.
编剧鲍比·布里杰 (Bobby Bridger)： 在那一刻，布法罗·比尔 (Buffalo Bill) 意识到人们来看这位明星的次数比观看演出的次数还要多。
And from that point forward he was the star.
从那时起，他就是明星。
Narrator: : “Such incongruous drama, execrable acting, intolerable stanch, blood and thunder,” one critic wrote, “is not likely to be vouchsafed to a city a second time, even Chicago.” Incongruous, execrable and intolerable it might have been, but the company played to packed houses for the rest of the season.
旁白：“如此不协调的戏剧、令人厌恶的表演、令人难以忍受的停滞、血腥和雷霆，”一位评论家写道，“不太可能再次出现在一个城市，即使是芝加哥。”这可能是不协调、令人讨厌和无法忍受的，但该公司在整个赛季剩余的比赛中都座无虚席。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : But there are plenty of signs along the way that this was a partnership that wouldn’t work out for Cody.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：但一路上有很多迹象表明，这种合作关系对科迪来说并不成功。
Buntline had a long history as not only a novelist and playwright but as a rabble rouser.
邦特莱恩有着悠久的历史，他不仅是一位小说家和剧作家，而且还是一位煽动者。
He was a founding member of the Know Nothing Party, which was really a party of Nativists, that is they’re strongly anti-immigrant.
他是一无所知党的创始成员，该党实际上是一个本土主义者政党，即他们强烈反移民。
Narrator: : Back in the 1850s Buntline had been arrested for inciting anti-German violence in St. Louis.
旁白：：早在 1850 年代，邦特莱恩就因在圣路易斯煽动反德暴力而被捕。
He’d skipped bail and left town, but he hadn’t been forgotten.
他跳过保释并离开了小镇，但他并没有被遗忘。
When Scouts of the Plains traveled to St. Louis, all three men were arrested.
当平原童子军前往圣路易斯时，三名男子全部被捕。
Cody and Omohundro were quickly released, and Buntline managed to skip bail yet again.
科迪和奥莫亨德罗很快被释放，邦特莱恩再次成功逃脱保释。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : It was becoming apparent to Cody that Buntline had a lot of baggage and that maybe Buntline’s plans for the Buffalo Bill character or figure weren’t in Cody’s plans.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：科迪逐渐意识到邦特莱恩有很多包袱，也许邦特莱恩对水牛比尔角色或人物的计划并不在科迪的计划中。
Buntline appears to have hoped that Cody would become a kind of anti-immigrant figure, a kind of, of Nativist hero.
邦特莱恩似乎希望科迪成为一种反移民人物，一种本土主义英雄。
And Cody, for reasons of his own, didn’t want to go there.
而科迪出于自己的原因，不想去那里。
Narrator: : Cody had grown up in Kansas before the Civil War, when it was the most dangerous place in America.
旁白：科迪在内战前在堪萨斯长大，当时那里是美国最危险的地方。
Pro-slavery neighbors and militias had terrorized the family.
支持奴隶制的邻居和民兵对这个家庭进行了恐吓。
When Cody’s father spoke out against slavery at a town meeting, he was stabbed by a neighbor as the eight-year old boy looked on Cody would become the family’s main breadwinner three years later, when his father finally died of his wounds.
当科迪的父亲在一次镇会议上公开反对奴隶制时，他被邻居刺伤，当时这个八岁的男孩眼睁睁地看着三年后科迪成为家里的主要经济支柱，而他的父亲最终因伤去世。
One loss followed another: a brother, his father, his mother, a sister, a second brother.
一个接一个的失去：一个兄弟，他的父亲，他的母亲，一个妹妹，一个二哥。
The specter of death followed him always.
死亡的幽灵始终伴随着他。
In the spring of 1876 it suddenly caught up with him.
1876 年春天，这种情况突然降临到他身上。
He was on the road with his theater combination when he received an urgent telegram from Louisa.
当他收到路易莎发来的紧急电报时，他正在和他的剧院组合一起上路。
Their son Kit had contracted scarlet fever.
他们的儿子基特感染了猩红热。
Cody rushed home, but the boy died in his arms a few hours later.
科迪赶回家，但几个小时后男孩死在了他的怀里。
“Louisa is worn out and sick,” he wrote to his sister.
“路易莎已经疲惫不堪，而且病了，”他写信给他的妹妹。
“We all clung to him and prayed God not to take from us our little boy.
“我们都紧紧抓住他，祈祷上帝不要带走我们的小男孩。
But there was no hope from the start.”
但从一开始就没有希望。”
Paul Fees, Historian: : His grief was intense.
历史学家保罗·费斯：他的悲伤非常强烈。
It was real.
这是真的。
But at the same time he wasn’t able to help his wife through that, that terrible grief.
但与此同时，他无法帮助他的妻子度过那种可怕的悲伤。
And, and instead he did what he did so often in their marriage, he fled.
然而，他却做了他在婚姻中经常做的事，逃跑了。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Cody veers away from the darkness almost always.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：科迪几乎总是远离黑暗。
He doesn’t like to focus on sad stories.
他不喜欢关注悲伤的故事。
He doesn’t like to talk about pain.
他不喜欢谈论痛苦。
He likes to focus on triumph and victory.
他喜欢关注胜利和胜利。
And this would serve him very, very well in show business.
这对他在演艺界的发展非常非常有利。
In his personal life it probably served him less well.
在他的个人生活中，这对他来说可能不太好。
Paul Fees, Historian: : Cody got a summons that must have seemed providential to come West and rejoin General Carr in the 5th Cavalry.
保罗·费斯，历史学家：：科迪收到了一张召唤，这似乎是天意，他来到西部并与第五骑兵团的卡尔将军会合。
So he went.
于是他就去了。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Cody’s company’s with the 5th Cavalry and they get word that Custer and most of his command have died on the banks of the Little Big Horn River.
路易斯·沃伦，传记作者：：科迪所在的连队隶属于第五骑兵团，他们得到消息说卡斯特和他的大部分指挥人员都死在了小大角河岸边。
And they’re shocked.
他们很震惊。
Narrator: : By 1876 Americans had been assured that the Indian Wars were all but over.
旁白： ： 到 1876 年，美国人确信印第安战争即将结束。
Out of the blue, a host of warriors had annihilated an army detachment led by one of its most famous generals.
出乎意料的是，一群战士歼灭了由一位最著名的将军率领的一支军队。
All eyes were on the West, where Cody and the Fifth Cavalry were searching for hundreds of Cheyenne.
所有的目光都集中在西部，科迪和第五骑兵队正在那里搜寻数百名夏延人。
The high command was panicked, the public wanted revenge.
最高指挥部惊慌失措，公众想要报复。
Cody saw his chance to write Buffalo Bill into Custer’s high drama.
科迪看到了将布法罗比尔写进卡斯特的精彩戏剧的机会。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Cody hits on this idea that he can live his life, live this story, for the entertainment of his audience.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：科迪突发奇想，他可以过自己的生活，过这个故事，以娱乐观众。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : What’s really bizarre about this whole thing.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：这整件事到底有什么奇怪的。
It really is bizarre.
确实很奇怪。
Cody gets dressed up literally in his stage costume.
科迪确实穿着他的舞台服装。
Black pants with piping down the front, silver buttons down the side, a red silk shirt, and his big hat.
黑色裤子前面有滚边，侧面有银色纽扣，一件红色丝绸衬衫，戴着大帽子。
And he’s going to go out and kill an Indian.
他要出去杀死一个印第安人。
Narrator: : The climactic battle never happened.
旁白：：高潮的战斗从未发生。
The only action that the Fifth Cavalry saw was a skirmish with a half dozen luckless Cheyenne, in which Cody shot and killed a warrior named Yellow Hair.
第五骑兵队所经历的唯一行动是与六名不幸的夏安人发生小规模冲突，其中科迪射杀了一名名叫黄毛的战士。
He had killed other Indians before, but now, for the first and only time in his life, he walked over to the body, crouched down, and cut off its scalp.
他以前杀过其他印第安人，但现在，这是他一生中第一次也是唯一一次，他走到尸体旁边，蹲下来，割下了它的头皮。
The incident barely rated a mention in the Army report, but within a few months Cody was reenacting it for audiences from New York to St. Louis in a play called “The Red Right Hand, or Buffalo Bill’s First Scalp for Custer.” He sported the same velvet costume he had worn that day, used the same knife, and hoisted the real scalp at the climax of the performance.
陆军报告中几乎没有提到这一事件，但几个月后，科迪在一部名为“红右手，或布法罗比尔为卡斯特剥下的第一根头皮”的戏剧中，为从纽约到圣路易斯的观众重演了这一事件。他穿着那天穿的同样的天鹅绒服装，使用同样的刀，并在表演的高潮时抬起了真正的头皮。
He had crossed a threshold.
他跨过了一个门槛。
William Cody had become Buffalo Bill.
威廉·科迪变成了水牛比尔。
By 1883 Cody had become a star of frontier melodramas: lowbrow spectacles featuring the rescue of a white woman from the clutches of Indians, Confederate sympathizers, Mormons, or the like.
到 1883 年，科迪已成为边疆情节剧的明星：讲述了从印第安人、南部邦联同情者、摩门教徒等人手中救出一名白人妇女的低俗奇观。
He was a hero to the workingmen who crowded the theaters, but he wanted a bigger, more respectable audience.
对于挤满剧院的工人来说，他是英雄，但他想要更多、更受尊敬的观众。
He teamed up with a sharpshooter named Doc Carver to put on a new kind of show.
他与一位名叫卡弗医生的神枪手合作，上演了一种新的表演。
“Our entertainment don’t want to smack of a circus,” he wrote Carver, “must be on a high toned basis.” They called it “Buffalo Bill and Doc Carver’s Wild West, Rocky Mountain and Prairie Exhibition.” Everybody else just called it “The Wild West.”
“我们的娱乐活动不想带有马戏团的味道，”他在给卡弗的信中写道，“必须以高调为基础。”他们称之为“水牛比尔和卡弗博士的狂野西部、落基山脉和草原展览”。其他人都称其为“狂野西部”。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : They got some wild steers that they can ride.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：他们有一些可以骑的野牛。
They got bucking horses.
他们有狂奔的马。
They’ve got buffalo.
他们有水牛。
And the other thing they got a lot of is evidently alcohol.
他们喝得很多的另一件事显然是酒精。
And there are legendary stories; supposedly they had a car full of alcohol.
还有传奇故事；据说他们有一辆车装满了酒。
Whatever it was, both Carver and Cody would really go on some pretty, pretty good drunks.
不管是什么，卡弗和科迪都会喝得很醉。
I think Cody definitely had a problem with binge drinking, there’s no question about it.
我认为科迪肯定有酗酒的问题，这是毫无疑问的。
So they travel around the country with this show sometimes not making the performances because they’re you know dead drunk literally.
所以他们带着这个节目环游全国，有时不参加表演，因为你知道他们真的喝醉了。
Carver’s got a terrible temper.
卡弗的脾气很糟糕。
I mean at one point he’s the trick shot in the show and he puts on a lousy performance and he’s so frustrated that he breaks his rifle over the head of his horse and beats up his assistant who’s throwing the ball in the air.
我的意思是，有一次他是节目中的特技投手，他的表现很糟糕，他非常沮丧，以至于他把步枪从马头上折断，并殴打了正在把球扔到空中的助手。
I mean it’s that sort of thing.
我的意思是就是这样的事情。
Narrator: : The Wild West staggered through to the end of the season, and then Cody went off to meet Nate Salsbury, a successful, experienced, and sober, manager.
旁白： 狂野西部摇摇晃晃地度过了整个赛季，然后科迪去见了内特·萨尔斯伯里，一位成功、经验丰富、冷静的经理。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Cody had had enough.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：科迪已经受够了。
He said, you come on board, and help me out with this or I’m going to quit.
他说，你来吧，帮我解决这个问题，否则我就辞职。
I wouldn’t go through another summer like this for a hundred thousand dollars.
为了十万美元，我不会再经历一个这样的夏天。
Narrator: : Over the next three years Cody and Salsbury overhauled the Wild West, adding acts and giving it a story line.
旁白：在接下来的三年里，科迪和萨尔斯伯里彻底改造了狂野西部，增加了表演并赋予了故事情节。
Every year the crowds grew bigger, every year the two owners reinvested their profits — in 1885 alone they cleared over $100,000.
年复一年，人群越来越多，两位业主每年都会将利润进行再投资——仅 1885 年，他们就筹集了超过 10 万美元。
When he was a young man, Cody had sighed for the freedom of the plains.
年轻时的科迪曾对平原的自由感叹不已。
Now he realized that millions of people shared his longing.
现在他意识到数百万人也有他的渴望。
Patricia Nelson Limerick, Historian: : As the majority of Americans are moving into cities, working in offices, working in factories, they’re yearning, their imaginations are pent up and are wanting some place to run free.
历史学家帕特里夏·纳尔逊·利默里克：随着大多数美国人搬进城市，在办公室工作，在工厂工作，他们充满向往，他们的想象力被压抑，想要一个可以自由奔跑的地方。
Setting our minds West, that turns out to be the, the thing to do.
事实证明，把我们的思想转向西方，这就是我们要做的事情。
It’s just it’s a wonderful thing to think that there’s a different way of living and I can at least spend my leisure time imagining that.
想到有一种不同的生活方式真是一件美妙的事情，我至少可以花我的闲暇时间想象这一点。
Narrator: : In 1886, the Wild West played to over a million people in New York.
旁白： : 1886 年，狂野西部在纽约为超过一百万人演出。
Mark Twain and P.T.
马克·吐温和 P.T.
Barnum both showed up and gave Cody the same advice.
巴纳姆都出现了，并给了科迪同样的建议。
As Barnum put it, if they “take this show to Europe they will astonish the Old World.”
正如巴纳姆所说，如果他们“将这场演出带到欧洲，他们将震惊旧世界。”
Narrator: : The following spring Cody, Salsbury, and the Wild West left New York harbor for England.
旁白：第二年春天，科迪、索尔斯伯里和狂野西部离开纽约港前往英格兰。
The Wild West had become one of the most elaborate shows on earth.
《狂野西部》已成为地球上最精致的演出之一。
In a stadium near London, workers used seventeen thousand carloads of rock and earth to build the mountains in a sweeping Western landscape.
在伦敦附近的一座体育场，工人们使用了一万七千车岩石和泥土在广阔的西部景观中建造了山脉。
Two hundred cast members: cowboys, Native Americans, vaqueros, stars like Annie Oakley and Buffalo Bill himself, along with hundreds of horses, buffalo, mules, elk, steers, donkeys, and deer all moved into an encampment on the grounds.
两百名演员：牛仔、美洲原住民、牛仔、安妮·奥克利等明星和布法罗·比尔本人，以及数百匹马、水牛、骡子、麋鹿、公牛、驴和鹿都搬进了营地。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : Essentially, everybody had a backstage pass.
Charles Scoggin，编剧： ：本质上，每个人都有后台通行证。
You could wander around and see the performers and such, see what’s going on.
你可以四处闲逛，看看表演者之类的，看看发生了什么。
One of the things that might be most impressive as you first walk in is what it must have smelled like.
当您第一次走进去时，最令人印象深刻的事情之一可能就是它的味道。
And of course the noise.
当然还有噪音。
In the background the Cowboy Band is playing and you’re getting ready to see this show.
牛仔乐队在后台演奏，您已准备好观看这场演出。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : You had people to sell tickets.
Juti Winchester，历史学家：：有人卖票。
There were people to count the tickets.
还有人来数票。
People to count the money and there was plenty of that.
人们数钱，钱还不少。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : There were butchers who traveled with the show.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：有屠夫随剧一起旅行。
There were bakers.
有面包师。
There were pastry chefs.
有糕点师。
There was a whole kitchen full of, of cooks.
整个厨房里都是厨师。
There are blacksmiths, there are wheelwrights.
有铁匠，有轮匠。
L.
L。
G.
G。
Moses, Historian: : Spectators were invited to go into the Indian villages to see how the people themselves lived and also to see how they shared that life with other members of the show.
历史学家摩西：：观众被邀请走进印第安村庄，看看人们自己如何生活，并看看他们如何与节目中的其他成员分享这种生活。
Paul Fees, Historian: : The Wild West was an experience for people, not just a show.
历史学家保罗·费斯：狂野西部对人们来说是一种体验，而不仅仅是一场表演。
When the show began, it began with a bang.
演出开始时，轰隆隆地开始了。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : And then this man comes out and your dad is giving you the elbow and saying, look at that man.
朱蒂·温彻斯特，历史学家：：然后这个人走了出来，你爸爸用胳膊肘对你说，看看那个人。
Remember you’ve seen Buffalo Bill Cody.
记住你见过布法罗比尔科迪。
Paul Fees, Historian: : Annie Oakley was a natural shooter.
保罗·费斯 (Paul Fees)，历史学家：安妮·奥克利 (Annie Oakley) 是一位天生的射手。
She never seemed to aim.
她似乎从来没有瞄准过。
She simply pointed toward the target and blew it away.
她只是简单地指向目标，然后将其炸飞。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : Well she could take a mirror and shoot an apple off the head of her faithful dog.
朱蒂·温彻斯特，历史学家：：好吧，她可以拿着一面镜子，从她忠实的狗头上射掉一个苹果。
She could split a playing card.
她可以分割一张扑克牌。
If you held a playing card she could split it.
如果你拿着一张扑克牌，她可以把它分开。
Cody took a lot of responsibility about making sure that everything ran according to plan and that people were at their best when they performed.
科迪承担了很多责任，确保一切都按计划进行，并确保人们在工作时处于最佳状态。
There are photographs of him peeking through a hole in the tent watching the show and making sure that everybody was cued correctly.
有一些照片显示他从帐篷上的一个洞里偷看表演，并确保每个人都得到了正确的提示。
L.
L。
G.
G。
Moses, Historian: : There would be Indians leaving their horses and sneaking up upon the settlers.
历史学家摩西：：会有印第安人离开他们的马匹，偷偷接近定居者。
Coming to the rescue was Buffalo Bill and the cowboys and the Indians would race off.
野牛比尔前来救援，牛仔们和印第安人将赛跑。
And Cody and his cowboys would have made the frontier once again safe for settlers.
科迪和他的牛仔们将使边境对定居者来说再次安全。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : Cody had the reenactment of the Battle of Little Big Horn.
查尔斯·斯科金 (Charles Scoggin)，编剧： 科迪重演了小大角战役。
They reenact the whole thing.
他们重演了整个事情。
Custer and his command are all dead.
卡斯特和他的指挥都死了。
But Cody rides into the scene and it’s flashed on the, the curtain of the stage, “Too Late.” As if Cody could have saved Custer.
但科迪骑着马进入现场，舞台幕布上闪现出“太晚了”的画面。就好像科迪可以拯救卡斯特一样。
Paul Fees, Historian: : So it would have been just an assault on the senses to the time two and a half hours after the show began that people began to go home.
历史学家保罗·费斯：因此，在演出开始两个半小时后人们开始回家时，这只是对感官的攻击。
Narrator: : Buffalo Bill was a sensation.
旁白：：布法罗比尔引起了轰动。
One distinguished fan wrote in her diary with the excitement of a schoolgirl: “An attack on a coach and on a ranch, with an immense deal of firing, was most exciting, so was the buffalo hunt and the bucking ponies that were impossible to sit.” Queen Victoria’s enthusiasm was contagious: on the eve of the great ceremony marking her Golden Jubilee, the royalty of thirteen countries followed her example and went to see Buffalo Bill.
一位杰出的粉丝带着女学生般的兴奋在日记中写道：“对马车和牧场的袭击，伴随着大量的射击，是最令人兴奋的，还有水牛狩猎和无法坐下的狂野小马。”维多利亚女王的热情极富感染力：在庆祝她登基五十周年的盛大仪式前夕，十三个国家的皇室成员效仿她的榜样，前去拜见布法罗·比尔。
Four years after treating audiences to the spectacle of Doc Carver coming unhinged, Cody was charming his way through the salons of London, and needed a secretary to manage his social engagements.
在让观众目睹了卡弗医生精神错乱的奇观四年后，科迪在伦敦的沙龙里魅力四射，需要一名秘书来管理他的社交活动。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : He had a natural charisma, you know.
历史学家朱蒂·温彻斯特：：你知道，他有一种天生的魅力。
When, when they describe him he stands straight as an arrow.
当他们形容他时，他笔直如箭。
He has a mild voice, a soft eye — nature’s nobleman as they liked to say.
他的声音温和，目光柔和——正如人们所说的，他是大自然的贵族。
So he could be an asset to your party to have this colorful man you know rubbing elbows with your guests.
因此，让这位您认识的多才多艺的人与您的客人交往，可能会成为您聚会的一笔财富。
Narrator: : His personal life was another matter: Louisa stayed in Nebraska, and the two rarely communicated.
旁白：：他的个人生活是另一回事：路易莎留在内布拉斯加州，两人很少交流。
It was easy to ignore distant problems with the world at his feet.
人们很容易忽视脚下世界的遥远问题。
He would spend most of the next five years in Europe.
接下来五年的大部分时间他都将在欧洲度过。
Three full trains carried the show to Paris, Rome, Barcelona, and Berlin.
三列满载的火车将展会运送到巴黎、罗马、巴塞罗那和柏林。
Buffalo Bill had become America’s first cultural export.
《水牛比尔》成为美国第一个文化出口产品。
Patricia Nelson Limerick, Historian: : Europeans do not know what to make of the United States.
历史学家帕特里夏·纳尔逊·利默里克：欧洲人不知道如何看待美国。
It’s a problem.
这是一个问题。
It has the poor taste to revolt and become an independent nation and then become quite a swaggering, confident nation.
它的品味很差，要反抗并成为一个独立的国家，然后又成为一个趾高气扬、自信满满的国家。
To have to have something that causes Europeans to say wow we love that.
必须有一些东西让欧洲人说哇，我们喜欢它。
That’s in some ways the end of the American Revolution.
从某种程度上来说，这就是美国革命的结束。
Narrator: : Cody wrote home to friends trying to explain what had happened in Europe: “There was never anything like it ever known, and never will be again.” He was right about one thing: there had never been anything like Buffalo Bill.
旁白：：科迪写信给朋友，试图解释欧洲发生的事情：“从来没有发生过这样的事情，以后也不会再发生了。”他在一件事上是对的：从来没有像布法罗比尔这样的东西。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : He invented the genre of celebrity.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：他发明了名人流派。
One reason he was able to do it, is there was now an infrastructure that you could have international celebrities.
他能够做到这一点的原因之一是现在有一个可以容纳国际名人的基础设施。
Narrator: : The telegraph, the railroad, cheap printing, and a public hungry for entertainment: Cody and his managers put the pieces together.
旁白： 电报、铁路、廉价印刷以及渴望娱乐的公众：科迪和他的经理们将这些碎片拼凑在一起。
They were discovering that you could be famous for being famous.
他们发现你可以因为出名而出名。
Paul Fees, Historian: : Buffalo Bill had a brilliant publicist, Arizona John Burke, who managed to get Cody into print probably more than any other man of his time.
保罗·费斯，历史学家：布法罗·比尔有一位出色的公关人员亚利桑那·约翰·伯克，他成功地让科迪出版的次数可能比他那个时代的任何其他人都多。
And eventually Cody’s face, his image, became so well known that a poster just bearing his image on a buffalo, of course, could be labeled “I Am Coming,” with no mention of Buffalo Bill or Buffalo Bill’s Wild West.
最终，科迪的脸、他的形象变得如此出名，以至于一张只在水牛上印有他的形象的海报当然可以贴上“我来了”的标签，而没有提到水牛比尔或水牛比尔的狂野西部。
Narrator: : Buffalo Bill would never have been famous, would never have had a story to tell, without Native Americans.
旁白：如果没有美洲原住民，布法罗比尔永远不会出名，也不会有故事可讲。
He had built the Wild West around the Sioux he had been fighting only a few years before.
他在几年前与他作战的苏族人周围建立了狂野西部。
In 1885, only nine years after Custer’s Last Stand, he convinced the most famous Native American of all, Sitting Bull, to join the Wild West.
1885 年，也就是卡斯特背水一战仅九年后，他就说服了最著名的美洲原住民坐牛加入狂野西部。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : Well, Sitting Bull was kind of the focus figure for the public’s horror and anger over Little Bighorn.
历史学家朱蒂·温彻斯特：嗯，坐牛是公众对小比格霍恩感到恐惧和愤怒的焦点人物。
And here it is not very many years after all of this.
而这一切发生之后，还不到很多年。
I think the public had this combination of fascination and horror; they’re going to go and look at the man who wreaked such havoc on American dreams; almost like this morbid fascination they had.
我认为公众既着迷又恐惧。他们要去看看那个对美国梦造成如此严重破坏的人；几乎就像他们拥有的这种病态的迷恋一样。
Narrator: : It was a publicist’s dream: Foes in ’76, Friends in ’85.
旁白：：这是公关人员的梦想：76 年是敌人，85 年是朋友。
Sitting Bull did get on famously with Cody but he lasted only one season: he hated the noise and the squalor of the Eastern cities.
坐牛确实与科迪相处得很好，但他只坚持了一个赛季：他讨厌东部城市的噪音和肮脏。
“The white man knows how to make everything,” he told a reporter, “but he does not know how to distribute it.”
“白人知道如何制造一切，”他告诉记者，“但他不知道如何分配它们。”
Sitting Bull had had enough, but hundreds of his fellow Sioux would follow him to the Wild West.
坐牛已经受够了，但数百名苏族同胞将跟随他前往狂野的西部。
Some were overwhelmed, but many more took to their new lives.
有些人不知所措，但更多人开始了新生活。
When they got to Europe they were treated as minor celebrities, their every move reported in the papers.
当他们到达欧洲时，他们被视为小名人，他们的一举一动都见诸报端。
But for Native Americans back home on the Plains, it was another story.
但对于平原上的美洲原住民来说，那就是另一回事了。
In December of 1890, four centuries of Indian wars finally ended in the massacre at Wounded Knee.
1890年12月，长达四个世纪的印第安战争最终以伤膝大屠杀结束。
Guy Dull Knife, Grandson of George Dull Knife: : My grandfather at the time was pretty young.
盖伊·钝刀 (Guy Dull Knife)，乔治·钝刀 (George Dull Knife) 的孙子： : 我的祖父当时还很年轻。
They lived not too far from Wounded Knee.
他们住的地方离伤膝不远。
And I guess they could hear those guns going off over there.
我猜他们能听到那边的枪声。
And my grandfather said they went over there after.
我祖父说他们后来去了那里。
And the bodies were still all laying out there when my grandfather went out there.
当我祖父出去时，尸体还躺在那儿。
Narrator: : George Dull Knife had been an infant at the time of the Little Bighorn.
旁白：：乔治·德尔·刀在小大角的时候还是个婴儿。
He had somehow survived the bullets, cold and hunger of the following years, as the United States relentlessly avenged Custer’s defeat.
在接下来的几年里，当美国无情地为卡斯特的失败报仇时，他不知怎么地熬过了子弹、寒冷和饥饿。
But the years after Wounded Knee were worse.
但受伤膝盖之后的几年情况更糟。
On the reservations there was no hope, no way out.
保留地没有希望，没有出路。
Guy Dull Knife, Grandson of George Dull Knife: : I guess there’s a rumor going around the reservation that you know there’s a show, and uh, a Wild West show…
盖伊·钝刀 (Guy Dull Knife)，乔治·钝刀 (George Dull Knife) 的孙子：：我想保留地里有谣言说你知道有一场表演，呃，一场狂野西部表演……
that was, you know they’re recruiting.
也就是说，你知道他们正在招聘。
His relatives you know they told him you know you better not go because you don’t know you don’t know what’s out there.
他的亲戚告诉他，你知道你最好不要去，因为你不知道你不知道外面有什么。
But it was really hard times and you know people were starving and so, him and his friend, they went to Gordon to sign up.
但那段时期真的很艰难，你知道人们正在挨饿，所以他和他的朋友去戈登报名。
And they don’t know when they’re going to come back.
而且他们也不知道什么时候才能回来。
And they don’t really know where they’re going either.
而且他们也不知道自己要去哪里。
The worst thing he said when they go overseas is that boat.
当他们去海外时，他说的最糟糕的话就是那艘船。
Said we’re not, uh, we’re Plains Indians.
说我们不是，呃，我们是平原印第安人。
We don’t know nothing about the ocean.
我们对海洋一无所知。
So I can just imagine riding a boat for almost two weeks, you know.
所以我可以想象乘船将近两周，你知道。
But Buffalo Bill I guess he makes his rounds, talks to people you know, and encourages them.
但是布法罗·比尔，我猜他会四处巡视，与你认识的人交谈，并鼓励他们。
Narrator: : The Wild West show was based on a familiar narrative: the triumph of white civilization over wilderness and savagery.
旁白：《狂野西部》节目基于一个熟悉的故事：白人文明战胜荒野和野蛮。
The Show Indians attacked an emigrant train, a stagecoach, and a settler’s cabin, only to be foiled every time by Buffalo Bill.
表演印第安人袭击了一辆移民火车、一辆驿马车和一间定居者的小屋，但每次都被布法罗比尔挫败。
To Cody and his audiences, the superiority of white civilization was a given, and its victory inevitable.
对于科迪和他的观众来说，白人文明的优越性是理所当然的，它的胜利是不可避免的。
But there was more to the show.
但这场演出还有更多内容。
Other scenes, and the encampment itself, offered white audiences a rare and sympathetic glimpse of Native American life.
其他场景以及营地本身，为白人观众提供了对美国原住民生活的罕见而富有同情心的一瞥。
Cody no longer billed himself as “The Terror of the Red Men,” and he had stopped boasting about the first scalp for Custer.
科迪不再把自己标榜为“红色人的恐怖”，他也不再吹嘘卡斯特的第一块头皮。
When he needed a break from the chaos and the crowds he slept in a teepee in the Indian village.
当他需要远离混乱和人群时，他就睡在印第安村庄的一个圆锥形帐篷里。
Guy Dull Knife, Grandson of George Dull Knife: : My grandfather at the time he didn’t speak no English he kind of had a rough time.
盖伊·钝刀 (Guy Dull Knife)，乔治·钝刀 (George Dull Knife) 的孙子：：我的祖父当时不会说英语，他度过了一段艰难的时光。
And Buffalo Bill noticed that.
布法罗比尔注意到了这一点。
So he started teaching him.
于是他开始教他。
All the guys, whenever they get a chance you know he’ll sit down with them and teach them.
所有的人，只要有机会，你知道他都会坐下来教他们。
So that’s how my grandfather learned how to read and write.
这就是我祖父学习读书和写作的方式。
In return they teach him how to speak Lakota, So over the years it got to the point where he understands Indian pretty good.
作为回报，他们教他如何说拉科塔语，所以多年来，他已经能很好地理解印度语了。
He said they get to travel all over like you know they’re not doing nothing.
他说他们可以到处旅行，就像你知道他们什么也没做一样。
Buffalo Bill takes them around.
布法罗比尔带着他们四处走动。
They even he even took them to see the Pope.
他们甚至他还带他们去见教皇。
That’s where my grandfather became a non-believer in Christianity.
正是在那里，我的祖父成为了基督教的非信徒。
L.
L。
G.
G。
Moses, Historian: , Historian: In the opening of the Wild West Show Buffalo Bill came in followed by the Indians on horseback.
摩西，历史学家： ，历史学家：在狂野西部秀的开场，布法罗比尔进来了，后面跟着骑着马的印第安人。
And what film there is, is remarkable when you look at the faces of the Indians on horseback that they’re obviously having a good time and many of them are smiling and laughing; they’re just having a heck of a time.
当你看到马背上的印第安人的脸时，这部电影是值得注意的，他们显然玩得很开心，而且他们中的许多人都在微笑；他们只是玩得很开心。
That is something that you cannot fake.
这是你无法伪造的。
Guy Dull Knife, Grandson of George Dull Knife: : All the Indians that like my grandfather they all liked him.
盖伊·钝刀 (Guy Dull Knife)，乔治·钝刀 (George Dull Knife) 的孙子：：所有喜欢我祖父的印第安人都喜欢他。
Whenever they come back to Gordon from a show I guess they usually roll out a barrel of cognac or something they bring back from overseas.
每当他们从演出回到戈登时，我猜他们通常会推出一桶干邑白兰地或从海外带回来的东西。
And they have a big party and then you know he goes his way.
他们举办了一场盛大的派对，然后你就知道他会按自己的方式行事。
But this is, my grandpa said, looks like a lot of times he doesn’t want to you know.
但我爷爷说，很多时候他似乎不想让你知道。
He likes what he does, you know.
他喜欢他所做的事，你知道。
And likes his company, Indians and all these cowboys.
喜欢他的公司、印第安人和所有这些牛仔。
I guess he really hates to leave them.
我猜他真的不愿意离开他们。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : The pressures of the life that Cody was living were enormous.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：科迪生活的压力是巨大的。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : He’s feeling all this responsibility for people.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：他感受到了对人们的所有责任。
He’s got all these ventures that he’s trying to make successful.
他拥有所有这些他想要成功的事业。
He’s got all these people counting on him.
所有这些人都指望他。
And he becomes a pretty melancholy fellow.
他变成了一个非常忧郁的人。
But he’s not William F.
但他不是威廉·F.
Cody.
科迪。
He’s Buffalo Bill.
他是水牛比尔。
And he’s got to play that role twenty-four seven.
他必须在二十四点七分扮演这个角色。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : The image of Buffalo Bill as bon vivant was crucial to him and crucial to his success.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：布法罗·比尔的享乐主义形象对他来说至关重要，对他的成功也至关重要。
But it was a very sort of public life which left him without much time for real friendships or for any kind of intimate relationships.
但这种公共生活让他没有太多时间去建立真正的友谊或任何形式的亲密关系。
In reality, he spent most of his nights in his railroad car alone.
事实上，他大部分的夜晚都是独自在火车车厢里度过的。
Narrator: : In 1893 Buffalo Bill brought the Wild West home from Europe for the first time in five years, to the Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
旁白： 1893 年，布法罗·比尔五年来首次将狂野西部从欧洲带回了芝加哥的哥伦比亚博览会。
He hadn’t been forgotten: Americans had been reading about his travels, the royal accolades, about the shows in Paris, Rome and Berlin.
他并没有被遗忘：美国人一直在阅读有关他的旅行、皇家荣誉、巴黎、罗马和柏林演出的报道。
None of that mattered to the Exposition’s high-minded managers: the show was deemed too crass and was excluded from the grounds.
对于世博会高尚的管理者来说，这些都不重要：这场展览被认为过于粗俗，被排除在展馆之外。
The Exposition was a grandiose celebration of white civilization in America.
博览会是美国白人文明的盛大庆祝活动。
Its centerpiece — the White City — perfectly captured the spirit of the fair.
它的核心——白色之城——完美地体现了博览会的精神。
It might have been another planet to the people who lived and worked in Chicago’s dark and crowded streets.
对于在芝加哥黑暗拥挤的街道上生活和工作的人们来说，这可能是另一个星球。
Cody’s version of the American story spoke to them.
科迪版本的美国故事对他们进行了讲述。
He ignored the Exposition’s managers, and set up shop across the street.
他无视世博会的经理，在街对面开设了商店。
3,000,000 people saw the Wild West that summer, and Cody walked away with over half a million dollars.
那年夏天，有 300 万人参观了狂野西部，科迪带走了超过 50 万美元。
He still had that innate feel for his audience, especially the immigrants who were transforming the country.
他对观众，尤其是那些正在改变国家的移民，仍然有那种与生俱来的感觉。
Bobby Bridger, Writer: : On the street you had newsboys barking dime novels: “Buffalo Bill, Buffalo Bill.” And then you had people pouring into America by the droves at that point with no idea what it meant to be an American.
鲍比·布里杰（Bobby Bridger），作家：：街上有报童大声喊着廉价小说：“水牛比尔，水牛比尔”。然后，人们成群结队地涌入美国，却不知道作为美国人意味着什么。
And so on the street you had these little newsboys here’s what an American is you see.
所以在街上你可以看到这些小报童，这就是你所看到的美国人。
This is an American.
这是一个美国人。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Americans, up to the 1890s, it’s really the Puritans that they looked to as the founders of this thing that becomes the United States of America.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦 (Louis Warren)：：美国人，直到 1890 年代，他们确实将清教徒视为美利坚合众国的创始人。
Cody takes American history, situates it somewhere in this frontier west, and says this is your story.
科迪将美国历史置于西部边境的某个地方，并说这是你的故事。
In searching to broaden his story for that public so he can draw them in and make money he actually changes the telling of American history.
为了向公众拓展他的故事，以便吸引他们并赚钱，他实际上改变了美国历史的讲述方式。
It’s that search for bigger audiences as much as anything else that has driven the, the changes in how we tell American history.
正是这种对更多观众的追求，和其他因素一样，推动了我们讲述美国历史的方式发生了变化。
Narrator: : On a hot and sunny July afternoon, a group of historians took a break from a conference they were attending at the Exposition and headed across the street to the Wild West.
旁白：在一个炎热而阳光明媚的七月下午，一群历史学家在参加博览会的会议后休息了一下，穿过街道前往狂野的西部。
One of their colleagues, a young historian named Frederick Jackson Turner, stayed behind to work on a presentation for the evening session.
他们的一位同事，一位名叫弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳的年轻历史学家，留下来为晚间会议做演讲。
When the historians returned from Cody’s celebration of the frontier, they heard Turner announce its passing.
当历史学家从科迪的边境庆祝活动回来时，他们听到特纳宣布边境已经过去。
“Four centuries from the discovery of America the frontier has gone,” he said, “and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” The West of Cody’s youth had slipped out of reach: where his earliest shows had been like newsreels from the frontier, now he was commemorating scenes from a receding past.
“自发现美洲以来四个世纪以来，边境已经消失，”他说，“随着它的消失，美国历史的第一个时期也结束了。”科迪的青年时期的西部已经变得遥不可及：他最早的演出就像来自边疆的新闻片，现在他正在纪念逐渐消逝的过去的场景。
Patricia Nelson Limerick, Historian: : So it’s a mournful occasion in many ways.
历史学家帕特里夏·纳尔逊·利默里克：所以从很多方面来说，这都是一个悲伤的时刻。
But it somehow or other manages to stay cheerful even though this exciting era that what made us a distinctive people has just ended.
但不知怎的，尽管这个让我们成为独特民族的激动人心的时代刚刚结束，但它还是设法保持快乐。
Somehow that works, elegy and celebration in the same package.
不知何故，这很有效，将挽歌和庆祝融为一体。
Narrator: : Shortly after the glittering season in Chicago, Nate Salsbury contracted a disease that slowly paralyzed him.
旁白：在芝加哥度过了辉煌的赛季后不久，内特·萨尔斯伯里感染了一种疾病，慢慢地瘫痪了。
He gave up the management of the show and drifted away from Cody.
他放弃了节目的管理权，并与科迪渐行渐远。
His steadying hand would be missed.
他那稳定的手将会被错过。
His death in 1902 marked a turning point in Cody’s fortunes.
1902 年他的去世标志着科迪命运的转折点。
A few months after Salsbury’s death, Cody wrote to his sister: “Divorces are not looked down upon now as they used to be — people are getting more enlightened.
索尔斯伯里去世几个月后，科迪写信给他的妹妹：“离婚现在不再像以前那样受到轻视——人们变得更加开明。
I will give her every bit of the North Platte property and an annual income if she will give me a quiet legal separation.”
如果她愿意安静地合法分居，我会把北普拉特的每一块财产和年收入都给她。”
Louisa wasn’t going anywhere quietly.
路易莎不会安静地去任何地方。
After Cody filed for divorce, she threatened to bring him down “so low the dogs won’t bark at you.” Cody was sure that the public’s adulation would insulate him.
科迪提出离婚后，她威胁要把他打倒，“放低姿态，让狗不会对你吠叫。”科迪确信公众的崇拜会让他与世隔绝。
For once, he misjudged his audience.
这一次，他误判了观众。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : There’s a prolonged trial.
查尔斯·斯科金（Charles Scoggin），作家：：这是一个漫长的审判。
Lots of depositions.
很多证言。
Things come out about Cody’s behavior that aren’t all that flattering.
从科迪的行为来看，事情并不那么讨人喜欢。
His relationship with other women is exposed, one of which is Bessie Isbell, who was his publicity agent.
他与其他女性的关系被曝光，其中之一就是贝西·伊斯贝尔，她是他的宣传经纪人。
In the course of the trial Cody admitted that he had bought a ranch and conveyed title to Isbell for one dollar and other considerations.
在审判过程中，科迪承认，他以一美元和其他代价购买了一座牧场并将所有权转让给伊斯贝尔。
And when asked what the other considerations were Cody said I don’t remember.
当被问及其他考虑因素是什么时，科迪说我不记得了。
Narrator: : The press had helped create Buffalo Bill; now it fed on him.
旁白：：媒体帮助创造了“水牛比尔”；现在它以他为食。
He was a drunkard, a philanderer, a blasphemer.
他是一个酒鬼、一个花花公子、一个亵渎者。
At the end of the ordeal the judge rejected Cody’s suit: he was bound to Louisa.
在磨难结束时，法官驳回了科迪的诉讼：他与路易莎绑定在一起。
Cody fled again, this time to rejoin the Wild West in Paris.
科迪再次逃跑，这次是在巴黎重新加入狂野西部。
His fame had turned on him.
他的名声已经让他着迷了。
“I do not want to die a showman,” he wrote, “I grow very tired of this sort of sham hero-worship sometimes.” He dreamed of a peaceful retirement but he had a habit of spending more than he earned.
“我不想以表演者的身份死去，”他写道，“有时我对这种虚假的英雄崇拜感到非常厌倦。”他梦想过上平静的退休生活，但他有入不敷出的习惯。
In 1910 alone he made $200,000, and could have retired then and there.
仅 1910 年，他就赚了 20 万美元，本可以当场退休。
Instead, he squandered it on a gold mine swindle in Arizona.
相反，他把钱浪费在了亚利桑那州的一次金矿诈骗上。
Cody couldn’t seem to pass up a bad idea.
科迪似乎无法放弃一个坏主意。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : He’s investing in printing companies and gold milling companies; a company that’s making a coffee substitute for the Mormons; livery stables; a car service into Yellowstone; a military boys school in Wyoming; the Cody oil fields, and he just got taken to the cleaners.
Charles Scoggin，作家：：他正在投资印刷公司和金加工公司；一家为摩门教生产咖啡替代品的公司；马厩；前往黄石公园的汽车服务；怀俄明州的一所军事男子学校；科迪油田，他刚刚被带到清洁工。
Narrator: : After forty years of show business, the sixty-five year old Cody was looking for a way out: out of debt, out of the endless grind of travel and performances.
旁白：：从事演艺事业四十年之后，六十五岁的科迪正在寻找出路：摆脱债务，摆脱无休止的旅行和表演的苦差事。
Charles Scoggin, Writer: : “St. Louis, October 5th 1911.
Charles Scoggin，作家：“圣路易斯，1911 年 10 月 5 日。
Dear pard.
亲爱的帕德。
Your telegram just came.
你的电报刚来。
It found me sick and working in rain and mud.
我发现我生病了，在雨中和泥泞中工作。
The doctors tell me I’m running a fearful risk and I know it.
医生告诉我，我面临着可怕的风险，我知道这一点。
But although we are doing no business I should miss a performance and newspapers would take it up and no one would come.
但是，尽管我们没有做生意，但我还是会错过一场演出，报纸会报道，但没人会来。
Heaven knows we are losing enough as it is.
天知道我们失去的已经够多了。
I’ve never been so discouraged.”
我从来没有这么沮丧过。”
Narrator: : It was only getting harder: more and more of his audience was going to the movies, including the dozens of Westerns on offer.
旁白：：事情变得越来越困难：越来越多的观众去看电影，包括几十部西部片。
Cody decided to bet everything on a plan to produce a movie himself — a film about the Indian Wars.
科迪决定赌上一切，自己制作一部电影——一部关于印第安战争的电影。
He borrowed heavily, called on his old army connections to supply the troops, and got one last performance out of his old Sioux friends at Wounded Knee.
他借了很多钱，呼吁他在军队的老朋友为部队提供补给，并在受伤的膝盖上从他的苏族老朋友那里得到了最后的表演。
But for all that, Cody just didn’t know how to make a film: it looked like a Wild West show, seen from a distance.
但尽管如此，科迪就是不知道如何拍电影：从远处看，它看起来就像一场狂野西部的表演。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Directors and producers hit on this idea we can focus on individuals, we can make their faces look so large on the screen that you can see their emotions.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：导演和制片人想到了这样一个想法：我们可以关注个人，我们可以让他们的脸在屏幕上看起来很大，让你可以看到他们的情绪。
And it becomes a very different kind of story from the Wild West spectacular.
它变成了一个与狂野西部壮观的故事截然不同的故事。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : When the show went bankrupt in 1913 that was the beginning of the end.
Juti Winchester，历史学家：：当该剧于 1913 年破产时，这就是终结的开始。
One of the people that was involved in the bankruptcy was Henry Tammen; who was the owner of the Denver Post.
亨利·塔门 (Henry Tammen) 是参与破产的人之一。他是丹佛邮报的老板。
And Tammen also owned the Sells-Floto circus, and as partial payment for this debt he put Cody in the circus and exhibited him as Buffalo Bill.
塔门还拥有塞尔斯-弗洛托马戏团，作为这笔债务的部分偿还，他将科迪放入马戏团，并以水牛比尔的身份展出。
And traveled with him around the country, a grueling, grueling schedule.
并与他一起环游全国，日程安排得非常辛苦。
Narrator: : Cody never did find a way out; he was a showman to the end.
旁白：：科迪从未找到出路；他自始至终都是一个表演者。
But in his last years he did find some of the tranquility that had eluded him ever since his childhood in Kansas.
但在他生命的最后几年里，他确实找到了一些自童年在堪萨斯州以来就一直没有得到的宁静。
Six years after the divorce trial, forty-five years after they were married, the Codys’ only surviving daughter contrived to leave the couple alone in a room together.
离婚审判六年后，也就是他们结婚四十五年后，科迪夫妇唯一幸存的女儿设法把这对夫妇单独留在一个房间里。
By the time they emerged Louisa Cody and her roving plainsman had finally made peace.
当他们出现时，路易莎·科迪和她的流浪平原人终于和解了。
Juti Winchester, Historian: : I don’t think Louisa ever stopped loving Will Cody.
朱蒂·温彻斯特，历史学家：：我认为路易莎从未停止过对威尔·科迪的爱。
And she traveled with him during these really difficult years.
在那些非常困难的岁月里，她和他一起旅行。
And one of the interesting things is, if you look at old photographs in the early days he’s always wearing a large gold, horseshoe shaped watch fob.
有趣的是，如果你看早期的老照片，他总是戴着一个大的金色马蹄形表扣。
It’s one of the few things you always see on him.
这是你总是在他身上看到的少数几个特征之一。
After their reconciliation, she’s wearing it as a necklace.
他们和解后，她把它当作项链佩戴。
Louisa has it as a necklace.
路易莎把它当作项链。
And after his death she’s still wearing it.
他去世后，她仍然戴着它。
It’s, it’s one of those talismans of their relationship that she never let go of it.
这是，这是她从未放弃的他们关系的护身符之一。
Narrator: : Cody’s life was hard, but he had Louisa, he was sober, and he had found a quiet faith in the same place he had found everything else: “I believe that a man gets closer to God out there in the big, free West,” he wrote, “You are filled with a true religion and a bigger realization of life.”
旁白：科迪的生活很艰难，但他有路易莎，他很清醒，他在找到其他一切的同一个地方找到了一种安静的信仰：“我相信，在广阔而自由的西部，一个人会更接近上帝，”他写道，“你充满了真正的宗教和对生活的更大认识。”
Cody’s nephew remembered his last hours: “He would imagine that he was on the road with his show and ask me where we were and what time it was and when we got in.
科迪的侄子回忆起他生命中的最后几个小时：“他会想象自己正在路上观看演出，并问我我们在哪里、现在是什么时间以及我们什么时候进去的。
In fact he lived his life over again.
事实上，他又重新开始了自己的生活。
He done just as he did when he was on the road with the show.” William Cody died quietly at his sister’s home in Denver on January 10, 1917.
他的表现和他在巡演时一样。” 1917 年 1 月 10 日，威廉·科迪在他姐姐位于丹佛的家中安静地去世。
Twenty-five thousand people lined up to pay their respects.
两万五千人排队悼念。
Tributes flooded in from the King of England, President Wilson, generals, old colleagues, and ordinary people who had seen him in the Wild West decades before.
英国国王、威尔逊总统、将军、老同事以及几十年前在狂野西部见过他的普通民众纷纷向他致以哀悼。
Among the messages was a note to his family from Pine Ridge, South Dakota.
这些信息中有一张从南达科他州松岭给他家人的留言。
Guy Dull Knife, Grandson of George Dull Knife: : “The Oglala Sioux Indians of Pine Ridge, South Dakota resolve that deepest sympathy be extended to the wife, relatives and friends of the late William F.
乔治·德尔·刀 (George Dull Knife) 的孙子盖伊·德尔·刀 (Guy Dull Knife) 表示：“南达科他州松岭的奥格拉拉苏族印第安人决定向已故威廉·F·肯尼夫的妻子、亲戚和朋友表示最深切的同情。
Cody for the loss they have suffered.
科迪感谢他们所遭受的损失。
These people who have endured may know that the Oglalas found in Buffalo Bill a warm and lasting friend.”
这些经历过苦难的人可能知道，奥格拉拉家族在布法罗·比尔身上找到了一位温暖而持久的朋友。”
Narrator: : The frontier had vanished, the buffalo were gone, the Indians Wars had ended, America had been transformed by industry and waves of immigration; the civilization Cody had championed was dying in the carnage of the Western Front.
旁白： 边境消失了，水牛消失了，印第安人战争结束了，美国因工业和移民浪潮而发生了改变；科迪所倡导的文明正在西线的大屠杀中消亡。
But the myth of the American frontier remained, and William Cody — Buffalo Bill — would forever be part of that story.
但美国边境的神话依然存在，而威廉·科迪——布法罗·比尔——将永远成为这个故事的一部分。
Louis Warren, Biographer: : Even the people who didn’t see him heard so much about him.
传记作者路易斯·沃伦：：即使是那些没有见过他的人也听说了很多关于他的事。
His story was so alluring, this wide-open frontier that he came from where there were no elites to tax you, where there was nobody to make you work for them.
他的故事非常吸引人，他来自这个广阔的领域，那里没有精英向你征税，也没有人让你为他们工作。
That story was such a great story and they could attach it to him.
那个故事真是太棒了，他们可以把它附在他身上。
I think we’re still — we’re still in love with that story, and we still need it.
我想我们仍然——我们仍然热爱这个故事，我们仍然需要它。
Buffalo Bill Cody was a meager plainsman turned international celebrity and frontier hero.
布法罗·比尔·科迪是一个贫穷的平原人，后来成为国际名人和边疆英雄。
How accurate was Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show?
布法罗比尔科迪的狂野西部表演有多准确？