The Codebreaker
Narration: In March of 1942 – German U-boats prowled the vast Atlantic ocean in wolf packs…
旁白：1942年3月——德国U艇成群结队地在浩瀚的大西洋上徘徊……
attacking scores of Allied transport ships as they headed toward war-torn Europe.
袭击了数十艘盟军运输船，当时它们正驶向饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲。
In less than three months, the Nazi submarines had sunk more than a million tons of desperately-needed supplies and killed thousands of soldiers.
在不到三个月的时间里，纳粹潜艇击沉了超过一百万吨的急需物资，并杀死了数千名士兵。
The U-boat captains had a secret weapon -- encrypted messages sent by Nazi spies in South America had provided them with the coordinates of the targeted ships.
U 型潜艇船长拥有一个秘密武器——纳粹间谍在南美洲发送的加密信息为他们提供了目标船只的坐标。
Rose Mary Sheldon, Historian: We’re talking about networks all over South America.
罗丝·玛丽·谢尔顿（Rose Mary Sheldon），历史学家：我们谈论的是遍布南美洲的网络。
An entire front in the second World War…
第二次世界大战中的整个前线……
But America had on its side one of the most skilled codebreakers in the world – Elizebeth Friedman.
但美国有世界上最熟练的密码破译者之一——伊丽莎白·弗里德曼。
David Hatch, Senior Historian, NSA: She was a suburban mom.
大卫·哈奇（David Hatch），美国国家安全局高级历史学家：她是一位郊区妈妈。
Nothing really to mark her as anything unusual.
没有什么能让她显得异常。
But, she lived a double life.
然而，她却过着双重生活。
Narration: In WWI Friedman had trained the first team of codebreakers for the US military.
旁白：第一次世界大战期间，弗里德曼为美军训练了第一支密码破译员队伍。
During Prohibition she had taken on the most powerful gangsters in the country and brought down an international rum-running operation.
在禁酒令期间，她打击了该国最有权势的歹徒，并捣毁了一个国际朗姆酒经营活动。
Barbara Osteika, Federal Law Enforcement Historian: The gangsters put a hit out on Elizebeth and the Coast Guard puts a protection detail on her…
芭芭拉·奥斯特卡（Barbara Osteika），联邦执法历史学家：歹徒对伊丽莎白进行了打击，海岸警卫队对她进行了保护……
Narration: Now, as she decrypted the intercepted messages on her desk, she knew everything she had learned in her career had led to this moment.
旁白：现在，当她解密桌上截获的信息时，她知道她在职业生涯中学到的一切都导致了这一刻。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: She was somebody who had the ability to see beyond what most other people could.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德（Amy Butler Greenfield），作家：她的眼光远超大多数人。
She could see things starting to unlock in front of her eyes.
她可以看到事情开始在她眼前解开。
Narration: She was one woman fighting a secret army.
旁白：她是一名与秘密军队作战的女人。
Her success or failure could determine the outcome of the war.
她的成败将决定战争的胜负。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Elizebeth Friedman was a code-breaking, Quaker poet who hunted Nazi spies and there’s nobody like her then or since.
杰森·法贡（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：伊丽莎白·弗里德曼（Elizebeth Friedman）是一位破译密码的贵格会诗人，她追捕纳粹间谍，当时或之后没有人像她一样。
Narration: Elizebeth Smith Friedman’s life was unexpectedly set on course during a visit to the bustling city of Chicago in 1916.
旁白：伊丽莎白·史密斯·弗里德曼 (Elizebeth Smith Friedman) 1916 年访问繁华的芝加哥市时，她的生活意外地步入正轨。
Twenty-three and full of dreams, she was hoping to escape the life she had been raised to expect.
二十三岁，充满梦想，她希望逃离她从小就期待的生活。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Elizebeth came from a large Quaker family in small town Indiana and from a very young age she felt like she didn’t fit in.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》作者：伊丽莎白来自印第安纳州小镇的一个贵格会大家庭，从很小的时候起，她就觉得自己不融入其中。
She even hated her own name.
她甚至讨厌自己的名字。
She called it the odious name Smith.
她称其为可恶的名字“史密斯”。
And she hated it because she believed that whenever she was introduced as Miss Smith she would be seen as something so ordinary and she didn’t want to be ordinary, she wanted to be extraordinary.
她讨厌它，因为她相信，每当她被介绍为史密斯小姐时，她都会被视为如此平凡，而她不想变得平凡，她想要变得非凡。
She wanted an adventurous life.
她想要冒险的生活。
Narration: Her mother, Sopha, had delivered ten children, the first when she was only seventeen.
旁白：她的母亲索法生下了十个孩子，第一个孩子是在她十七岁的时候生的。
Elizebeth, born in 1892, was the youngest.
伊丽莎白出生于 1892 年，是最小的一个。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Elizebeth often felt pity for her because Sopha’s life had been completely overtaken, it seemed to Elizebeth, by childbearing and child rearing.
杰森·法贡，《打破密码的女人》作者：伊丽莎白常常对她感到怜悯，因为在伊丽莎白看来，索法的生活已经完全被生育和抚养孩子所占据。
She didn’t seem to be able to pursue any kind of life of the mind, and to Elizebeth that was horrifying because Elizebeth was a very bookish kid.
她似乎无法追求任何形式的精神生活，这对伊丽莎白来说是可怕的，因为伊丽莎白是一个非常书呆子的孩子。
She loved to read, she loved poetry.
她喜欢读书，喜欢诗歌。
She wrote her own poetry.
她自己写诗。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: Her father was a Civil War veteran.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：她的父亲是内战老兵。
He saw his youngest as a difficult child and their relationship absolutely was difficult.
他认为他最小的孩子是一个很难相处的孩子，他们的关系绝对很困难。
Her father did not support her going to college.
她的父亲不支持她上大学。
He was against further education, particularly for women.
他反对继续教育，尤其是女性。
She manages to talk him into this and he says she can have the money, but at 6% interest.
她设法说服他，他说她可以得到这笔钱，但利息为 6%。
She has to pay it all back.
她必须全部还清。
Narration: In college, Elizebeth studied Greek and English literature.
旁白：在大学里，伊丽莎白学习希腊和英国文学。
When she discovered Shakespeare, she became fascinated by the intricacies of language…
当她发现莎士比亚时，她对语言的复杂性着迷……
sparking a passion that would drive her ambitions.
激发热情，推动她实现雄心壮志。
After graduation, Elizebeth pursued one of the few careers available to women at the time and accepted a teaching job at a small Indiana school.
毕业后，伊丽莎白从事了当时为数不多的女性职业之一，并接受了印第安纳州一所小学校的教职工作。
She found the work uninspiring, and quit after just a year.
她发现这份工作没有吸引力，一年后就辞职了。
In June of 1916, she headed for Chicago in search of a new job.
1916 年 6 月，她前往芝加哥寻找新工作。
After a week of effort, she found nothing.
经过一周的努力，她一无所获。
With no income and no job prospects, Elizebeth had no choice but to return home in defeat.
由于没有收入，也没有工作前景，伊丽莎白别无选择，只能垂头丧气地回国。
On her last day in the city, she indulged in a visit to the Newberry Library to see a rare treasure – Shakespeare’s first folio, printed in 1623.
在这座城市的最后一天，她尽情地参观了纽伯里图书馆，参观了一件稀世珍宝——莎士比亚的第一对开本，印刷于 1623 年。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: She’s looking at this book of Shakespeare.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：她正在看莎士比亚的这本书。
And the librarian notices and says, “You’re interested in Shakespeare, aren’t you?” And Elizebeth says, “Well, yes.” And the librarian says, “You know, it’s funny, there’s an odd, wealthy man who keeps coming to the library…
图书管理员注意到了，并说：“你对莎士比亚感兴趣，不是吗？”伊丽莎白说：“嗯，是的。”图书管理员说：“你知道，这很有趣，有一个奇怪的富有的人不断来到图书馆......
and he’s looking for somebody to help him with this project to find some kind of secret that he thinks is hidden in this book.
他正在寻找有人帮助他完成这个项目，以找到他认为隐藏在这本书中的某种秘密。
Narration: An hour later, George Fabyan was standing at her table.
旁白：一小时后，乔治·法比安站在她的桌边。
At six-foot-four, 250-pounds, the wealthy industrialist towered over her.
这位富有的实业家身高 6 英尺 4 英寸，体重 250 磅，比她高出许多。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: He walks right up to Elizebeth and the first thing he says to her is, “Would you like to come out to Riverbank and spend the night with me?” She has no idea what to say to this.
杰森·法戈恩，《打破密码的女人》的作者：他径直走向伊丽莎白，对她说的第一句话是：“你愿意到河岸来和我一起过夜吗？”她不知道该说什么。
It’s the most indelicate question that anyone has ever posed to her.
这是任何人向她提出过的最不礼貌的问题。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: And he grabs her under the elbow, lifts her up.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：他抓住她的肘部，将她举了起来。
She’s tiny, he’s huge.
她很小，他很大。
And he frog marches her out the door to a waiting limousine, which takes them to the railway station.
他青蛙带着她走出门，走向一辆等候着的豪华轿车，然后将他们带到火车站。
Narration: Soon, Elizebeth was wandering the grounds of Fabyan’s vast Riverbank estate, nestled on 350-acres of rolling hills in Geneva, Illinois.
旁白：很快，伊丽莎白就在法比安 (Fabyan) 河岸庄园的广阔土地上漫步，该庄园坐落在伊利诺伊州日内瓦 350 英亩连绵起伏的山丘上。
Strolling the Japanese Garden, she was filled with a mix of astonishment and curiosity about the tycoon’s eccentric kingdom.
漫步日本花园，她对这位大亨的古怪王国充满了惊讶和好奇。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: George Fabyan had so much money that he could do essentially anything that he wanted.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》作者：乔治·法比安（George Fabyan）拥有如此多的钱，他基本上可以做任何他想做的事情。
And what he wanted to do was to build a playground for science.
他想做的是建造一个科学游乐场。
He would go out and hire some of the leading scientists of the day, bring them to Riverbank, essentially collecting these scientists and he would set them loose and tell them to be spectacular.
他会出去雇佣一些当时最顶尖的科学家，把他们带到河岸，本质上是收集这些科学家，然后他会让他们放松并告诉他们要出色。
Tell them to make breakthroughs.
告诉他们要取得突破。
Tell them to unlock the secrets of nature.
告诉他们解开自然的秘密。
Narration: What captured most of Fabyan’s attention, however, was a literary project focused on proving that the works of William Shakespeare had been written by another author -- the Elizabethan philosopher and scientist, Francis Bacon.
旁白：然而，吸引法比安大部分注意力的是一个文学项目，其重点是证明威廉·莎士比亚的作品是由另一位作家——伊丽莎白时代的哲学家和科学家弗朗西斯·培根写的。
Vince Houghton, Historian: Fabyan had the belief that William Shakespeare didn’t write Shakespeare.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：法比安相信莎士比亚不是莎士比亚的作品。
That actually Francis Bacon had written a code within the Shakespearean plays that demonstrated that Shakespeare was not the author, that Bacon actually was.
事实上，弗朗西斯·培根在莎士比亚戏剧中写下了一段代码，证明莎士比亚不是作者，而培根实际上才是作者。
Narration: Fabyan assigned Elizebeth the job of ferreting out the secret message he believed Bacon had implanted in the text.
旁白：法比安指派伊丽莎白的工作是找出他认为培根植入文本中的秘密信息。
Excited by the challenge, she first had to master a method of encoding messages invented by Francis Bacon in 1623.
她对这一挑战感到兴奋，首先必须掌握弗朗西斯·培根 1623 年发明的一种信息编码方法。
In the Bacon system, each letter of the alphabet was assigned a combination of the letters A & B in groups of five.
在培根系统中，字母表中的每个字母都被分配为字母 A 和 B 的组合，每组五个。
Vince Houghton, Historian: Essentially what he did is he said, okay, I’m going to take every letter of the alphabet and break it down into a binary system of As and Bs.
历史学家文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton）：他所做的基本上就是说，好吧，我将把字母表中的每个字母分解成一个由 As 和 B 组成的二进制系统。
The letter A would turn into five As, A-A-A-A-A.
字母 A 会变成五个 A，A-A-A-A-A。
The letter B was A-A-A-A-B.
字母 B 是 A-A-A-A-B。
The letter C and so on.
字母C等。
This can be represented any way you wanted to– as long as there are two different things you are using to represent the binary system.
这可以用您想要的任何方式表示——只要您使用两种不同的东西来表示二进制系统。
Vince Houghton, Historian: And this is what the legend was, that the First Shakespeare Folio had this code written in two different typefaces throughout.
文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton），历史学家：这就是传说，第一部莎士比亚作品集始终用两种不同的字体编写了这段代码。
Narration: Once the differences in the typeface were identified, and the letters sorted into clusters of five, a hidden message would be revealed.
旁白：一旦识别出字体的差异，并将字母分成五个一组，隐藏的信息就会被揭示。
The work was tedious, but Elizebeth discovered she had the patience to stare at characters on a page for hours on end.
这项工作很乏味，但伊丽莎白发现她有耐心连续几个小时盯着页面上的字符。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: What Elizebeth was required to do was peer through a magnifying glass and try to discern very subtle variations in the fonts on photographic enlargements of Shakespeare’s plays.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：伊丽莎白被要求做的是通过放大镜观察，并尝试辨别莎士比亚戏剧的摄影放大字体中非常微妙的变化。
And that was how she was going to break the code and rewrite the history of English literature.
这就是她要打破密码并改写英国文学史的方式。
Narration: Her work with the Shakespeare manuscripts would bring her together with the young man who was photographing and enlarging the Shakespeare texts, William Friedman.
旁白：她对莎士比亚手稿的研究使她结识了拍摄和放大莎士比亚手稿的年轻人威廉·弗里德曼。
Genetics was his field of expertise.
遗传学是他的专业领域。
Photography was his hobby.
摄影是他的爱好。
Rose Mary Sheldon, Historian: William always wore a white starched shirt, which in that heat I don’t know how he didn’t perspire to death but he always looked very together, very cool.
罗丝·玛丽·谢尔顿，历史学家：威廉总是穿着一件浆过的白色衬衫，在这么热的天气里我不知道他是怎么不流汗的，但他看起来总是很团结，很酷。
His hair was always combed perfectly.
他的头发总是梳理得很整齐。
This was a man who knew how to dress.
这是一个很懂得穿衣打扮的男人。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: There are a lot of photos of just Elizebeth and you can tell that William is gazing down at his camera into the glass and seeing an image of her and probably smiling.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：有很多伊丽莎白的照片，你可以看出威廉正在低头凝视着镜头，看到她的照片，可能还在微笑。
She was unlike anyone he had ever met…
她与他见过的任何人都不一样……
he was very quickly falling in love.
他很快就坠入爱河。
Narration: The couple were an unlikely match – she was a Quaker from the Midwest and he was a Jewish immigrant from Russia.
旁白：这对夫妇不太般配——她是来自中西部的贵格会教徒，他是来自俄罗斯的犹太移民。
David Hatch, Senior Historian, NSA: Late in his life, one of William Friedman’s colleagues asked him how he got into cryptology.
大卫·哈奇 (David Hatch)，美国国家安全局高级历史学家：威廉·弗里德曼 (William Friedman) 的一位同事在他晚年时问他是如何进入密码学领域的。
According to the story, he had a sly smile on his face and he said, “I was seduced.”
据报道，他脸上挂着狡猾的微笑，说道：“我被诱惑了。”
Narration: Working across from each other day by day, they began digging into Fabyan’s collection of codebreaking books,1 exchanging insights and ideas.
旁白：他们日复一日地面对面工作，开始深入研究法比安收集的密码破译书籍1，交换见解和想法。
Vince Houghton, Historian: And so Elizebeth was able to bring William into the fold and say, look, you can take your very mathematical, scientific approach to understanding codes and ciphers, I can bring my poetry and language skills and together we’ll be unstoppable.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：所以伊丽莎白能够让威廉加入并说，看，你可以用你非常数学、科学的方法来理解代码和密码，我可以带着我的诗歌和语言技能，我们在一起将势不可挡。
Narration: As they began to master rudimentary skills, however, they saw little indication of embedded codes in the Shakespeare manuscripts.
旁白：然而，当他们开始掌握基本技能时，他们几乎没有看到莎士比亚手稿中嵌入代码的迹象。
Rose Mary Sheldon, Historian: Every now and then there will be a letter that is slightly different.
罗丝·玛丽·谢尔顿（Rose Mary Sheldon），历史学家：时不时会有一封略有不同的信。
Now, it could be just because the way the typeface struck the paper.
现在，这可能只是因为字体在纸张上的印记方式。
There might be a little tail off a letter or a letter might be a little wider.
字母可能会有一点尾巴，或者字母可能会更宽一些。
They’re random marks and they can be made by any typesetter, especially back in the 16th century, and so they’re really rather meaningless…
它们是随机标记，可以由任何排字机制作，尤其是在 16 世纪，所以它们实际上毫无意义......
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Now they both agreed that the central project at Riverbank had no scientific validity.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：现在他们都同意河岸中心项目没有科学有效性。
It was all a pipe dream, it was a kind of delusion…
这一切都是白日梦，是一种错觉……
Narration: Disheartened by their revelation, they saw no future in codebreaking.
旁白：他们对自己的揭露感到沮丧，看不到密码破译的未来。
Still, they saw a future with each other.
尽管如此，他们还是看到了彼此的未来。
In May of 1917, Elizebeth and William stole away from Riverbank to get married in Chicago.
1917 年 5 月，伊丽莎白和威廉偷偷离开河岸，在芝加哥结婚。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: William’s family was shocked and appalled by the marriage.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》作者：威廉的家人对这桩婚姻感到震惊和震惊。
They wanted to see him marry a Jewish woman.
他们想看到他娶一个犹太女人。
His brother later said that if William had been living in Pittsburgh at the time, in the close-knit Jewish community there, he would have been exiled.
他的兄弟后来说，如果威廉当时住在匹兹堡，那里有一个紧密联系的犹太社区，他就会被流放。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: The two of them go ahead and despite the differences in their background, despite the family opposition, despite the lack of money, despite all the many reasons why they should not get married, they do.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：他们两个继续前进，尽管背景不同，尽管家人反对，尽管缺钱，尽管有很多理由不应该结婚，但他们还是结婚了。
Narration: The newlyweds hoped to start a new life away from Riverbank.
旁白：这对新婚夫妇希望离开河岸开始新的生活。
World events, however, would upend their plans.
然而，世界事件将颠覆他们的计划。
A month before they wed, the United States had entered the “Great War” in Europe—a war unlike anything that had come before—in part because of the invention of the radio.
在他们结婚前一个月，美国卷入了欧洲的“大战”——一场不同于以往任何战争的战争——部分原因是收音机的发明。
Suddenly, the air was full of messages relaying information that could win or lose a battle, destroy a regiment, or sink a ship.
突然，空气中充满了传递可能赢得或输掉一场战斗、摧毁一个团或击沉一艘船的信息的信息。
All of it easily intercepted by anyone with an antenna.
任何拥有天线的人都可以轻松拦截所有这些内容。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: The invention of radio completely transformed the value of code breaking.
Jason Fagone，《破解密码的女人》作者：无线电的发明彻底改变了密码破解的价值。
So it put an incredible premium on cryptography, on strong codes and ciphers because now that those messages were flying through the air they had to be protected.
因此，它对密码学、强密码和密码给予了难以置信的重视，因为现在这些消息在空中传播，它们必须受到保护。
The problem for America is that on the eve of World War I the United States was completely unprepared to break codes in the war.
美国面临的问题是，在第一次世界大战前夕，美国完全没有准备好在战争中破译密码。
Vince Houghton, Historian: The United States had no code breaking agency or bureau in the United States military.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：美国军队中没有密码破译机构或局。
It just didn’t exist.
它只是不存在。
There was no NSA, there was no CIA, the military branches had their own very, very small intelligence agencies, we’re talking about dozens of people not thousands in this case.
没有国家安全局，没有中央情报局，军事部门有自己非常非常小的情报机构，我们谈论的是几十人，而不是数千人。
Narration: At Riverbank, George Fabyan saw an opportunity to serve his country – and to enhance his reputation.
旁白：在河岸，乔治·法比安看到了为国家服务并提高声誉的机会。
He established the first dedicated codebreaking unit in America2 and, much to their disbelief, placed Elizebeth and William in charge.
他在美国建立了第一个专门的密码破译小组，并且让伊丽莎白和威廉负责，这让他们难以置信。
Soon, the War, Navy, State, and Justice Departments were sending thousands of secret messages to Riverbank for decryption.3
很快，战争部、海军部、国务院和司法部向 Riverbank 发送了数千条秘密信息以供解密。3
Vince Houghton, Historian: So William and Elizebeth Friedman at this point hadn’t really done this systematically for very long.
文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton），历史学家：所以威廉·弗里德曼和伊丽莎白·弗里德曼在这一点上还没有真正系统地这样做很长时间。
They’d kind of played with it a little bit.
他们有点玩弄它。
But all of a sudden, they’re being asked to break codes for the United States military in a world war.
但突然间，他们被要求在世界大战中为美国军队破译密码。
Talk about on the job training, this is as deep as on the job training gets.
谈论在职培训，这是在职培训所达到的深度。
Narration: The couple scrambled to expand their knowledge of codebreaking: starting with the most fundamental concepts like the difference between a cipher and a code.
旁白：这对夫妇争先恐后地扩展他们的密码破译知识：从最基本的概念开始，比如密码和代码之间的区别。
Vince Houghton, Historian: A code is when you take a word or even a phrase and you replace it with another word or a phrase.
文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton），历史学家：代码是指你取出一个单词或一个短语，然后用另一个单词或短语替换它。
So if we have the word “gun” we might say every place the word gun is, we’re going to put “Bob” instead.
因此，如果我们有“枪”这个词，我们可能会说“枪”这个词的每个地方，我们都会用“鲍勃”来代替。
That way you’re able to replace the words, but if somebody intercepts your message, they may not actually know there’s a secret message there, because it reads like plain text.
这样你就可以替换这些单词，但如果有人拦截你的消息，他们可能实际上并不知道那里有一条秘密消息，因为它读起来就像纯文本。
A cipher, on the other hand, is taking individual letters (or groups of letters) and changing them through some process, through some algorithm, into other letters, into numbers, into symbols, into anything, so that you can mix up the message and make it unreadable.
另一方面，密码是采用单个字母（或字母组）并通过某种过程、某种算法将它们更改为其他字母、数字、符号、任何东西，这样您就可以混淆消息并使其不可读。
Narration: Using a method that had been around for hundreds of years, they began decrypting messages using frequency analysis.
旁白：他们开始使用一种已经存在了数百年的方法，通过频率分析来解密消息。
Vince Houghton, Historian: This is what’s called a frequency chart.
历史学家文斯·霍顿：这就是所谓的频率图。
This is what allows a code breaker to very effectively look through an enciphered message and say okay, look, there’s a lot of Ns, there’s a lot of Gs, there are a lot of Qs, so the likelihood is those are going to be some of these very common letters in the English language.
这使得密码破译者能够非常有效地查看加密消息，并说好吧，看，有很多 N、有很多 G、有很多 Q，所以这些很可能是英语中一些非常常见的字母。
Es, Ts, Ns, As…If we understand this in a very mathematical way, it can help us to attack secret messages and break them down and understand what they actually mean.
Es、Ts、Ns、As……如果我们以非常数学的方式理解这一点，它可以帮助我们攻击秘密消息并将其分解并理解它们的实际含义。
Narration: Before long, though, William and Elizebeth reached the limits of what was known about codes and ciphers…
旁白：然而，不久之后，威廉和伊丽莎白就达到了密码和密码的已知极限……
and began inventing their own methods.
并开始发明自己的方法。
Jason Fagone: They figured out methods of solving secret messages that had never been imagined before…
Jason Fagone：他们找到了解决秘密信息的方法，这是以前从未想象过的……
For the first eight months of World War I, this sounds incredible but it’s completely true, Elizebeth, William and their colleagues at Riverbank broke all messages for every part of the US military and the Department of Justice.
在第一次世界大战的前八个月里，这听起来令人难以置信，但这是完全正确的，伊丽莎白、威廉和他们在河岸的同事向美国军方和司法部的各个部门泄露了所有信息。
Narration: They documented their breakthroughs in eight volumes— known as the Riverbank Publications, which established a mathematical foundation to the principles of cryptology.
旁白：他们在八卷书中记录了他们的突破——被称为《河岸出版物》，为密码学原理奠定了数学基础。
David Hatch, Senior Historian, NSA: Prior to the publications at Riverbank from Elizebeth and William, cryptology had been thought of as a field for linguists, for people with knowledge about foreign cultural areas and perhaps math might be a tool.
大卫·哈奇 (David Hatch)，美国国家安全局高级历史学家：在伊丽莎白和威廉在 Riverbank 发表论文之前，密码学一直被认为是语言学家、了解外国文化领域的人的领域，也许数学可能是一种工具。
But the Riverbank Laboratories publications turned cryptology from language to statistics.
但河岸实验室的出版物将密码学从语言转向了统计学。
Narration: In an age when codebreaking was becoming a weapon of war, Elizebeth and William were forging a new science4 of immense power.
旁白：在密码破译成为战争武器的时代，伊丽莎白和威廉正在打造一门具有巨大力量的新科学。
It was a heady time for Elizebeth.
对于伊丽莎白来说，这是一段令人陶醉的时光。
She was training the first generation of codebreakers for the US military.
她正在为美军训练第一代密码破译员。
The couple were so captivated by cryptology, for fun they embedded codes everywhere5…
这对夫妇对密码学如此着迷，为了好玩，他们到处嵌入代码5……
even the officer trainee class photo.
甚至还有见习军官的班级照片。
As the group gathered, they instructed everyone assembled how to pose.
当大家聚集在一起时，他们指导每个人如何摆姿势。
Vince Houghton, Historian: And if you’re just looking at the picture you’re like, man, whoever decided to shoot this wasn’t very disciplined.
文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton），历史学家：如果你只是看照片，那么，伙计，无论是谁决定拍摄这张照片，都不太自律。
A good chunk of the people in the photograph are looking forward, but a good chunk are looking to the side.
照片中的大部分人都在向前看，但也有很大一部分人在向侧面看。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: And it turns out that each person in the photo stands for a letter in Bacon’s biliteral cipher.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：事实证明，照片中的每个人都代表培根双字密码中的一个字母。
So the people who are looking off to the side are the B form of the cipher and the people who are looking straight ahead are the A form.
因此，看向侧面的人是密码的 B 形式，而直视前方的人是 A 形式。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: And when you put it all together the people in Bacon’s cipher spell out the phrase knowledge is power, which is one of Bacon’s mottos and a motto that William and Elizebeth adopted as their own.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：当你把所有这些放在一起时，培根密码中的人们拼出了这句话“知识就是力量”，这是培根的座右铭之一，也是威廉和伊丽莎白采纳的座右铭。
And it’s not written in letters but it’s written in people.
它不是用字母写的，而是用人写的。
Narration: The Friedmans’ work at Riverbank was an eye-opener for the US military.
旁白：弗里德曼夫妇在河岸的工作让美军大开眼界。
Six months into the war, the Army established its own Cipher Bureau in Washington.
战争开始六个月后，陆军在华盛顿建立了自己的密码局。
With the workload at Riverbank dwindling, William signed up for military duty as a field codebreaker in Europe.
随着河岸的工作量减少，威廉报名参加了欧洲的军事任务，担任现场密码破译员。
Elizebeth wanted to do field work as well, but she could not; women were excluded from serving at the front.
伊丽莎白也想做田野工作，但她做不到。妇女被排除在前线服役。
Vince Houghton, Historian: Being left behind had to be incredibly difficult for Elizebeth.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：对于伊丽莎白来说，被抛在后面一定是非常困难的。
Not only is the man that she loves being sent off to fight a war, but this was her field.
不仅她所爱的男人被派去打仗，而且这是她的战场。
She taught William how to break codes and ciphers.
她教威廉如何破解密码。
This was a key way to move forward in your career.
这是您职业生涯前进的关键途径。
William could do it, she couldn’t.
威廉能做到，她却不能。
Narration: And worse still, she would be on her own at Riverbank.
旁白：更糟糕的是，她将独自一人呆在河岸。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: It was a terrifying time for her.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：这对她来说是一段可怕的时光。
She let it be known in letters to William that George Fabyan was not treating her well, that he was pressuring her.
她在给威廉的信中透露，乔治·法比安对她不好，他在向她施加压力。
There’s a reference in one of William’s letters to the fact that Fabyan might have sexually harassed Elizebeth, might have propositioned her.
威廉的一封信中提到，法比安可能对伊丽莎白进行了性骚扰，可能向她求婚。
William was very angry, he called Fabyan that nameless rascal in that letter and said he wanted to hurt him, to beat him up.
威廉非常生气，他在信中称法比扬是那个无名的流氓，并说他想伤害他，殴打他。
And so when they were reunited they were highly motivated to get the hell out of there.
因此，当他们重聚时，他们都非常有动力离开那里。
Narration: At war’s end, William used his military contacts to line up a job in Washington.
旁白：战争结束后，威廉利用他的军事关系在华盛顿找到了一份工作。
He arrived in Washington with a reputation earned on the battlefield.
他带着在战场上赢得的声誉抵达华盛顿。
Elizebeth arrived in Washington as William’s wife.
伊丽莎白作为威廉的妻子抵达华盛顿。
Technological innovations were fueling a global race to create evermore advanced devices for making and breaking codes.
技术创新正在推动一场全球竞赛，以创造更先进的密码编写和破译设备。
The post-war world was still a dangerous place.
战后世界仍然是一个危险的地方。
In 1921, William went to work for the Army Signal Corps developing new cipher machines.
1921 年，威廉前往陆军通信兵队工作，开发新的密码机。
Elizebeth was also offered a job – but at half of William’s salary.
伊丽莎白也获得了一份工作，但工资只有威廉的一半。
She took the position, but left after a year.
她接任了这个职位，但一年后离开了。
She believed her codebreaking days were over.
她相信她破译密码的日子已经结束了。
Narration: In 1923, Elizebeth gave birth to a daughter.
旁白：1923年，伊丽莎白生下了一个女儿。
Soon followed by the birth of a son.
不久，儿子出生了。
Codebreaking unexpectedly entered Elizebeth’s life again in 1925 when a Coast Guard officer knocked on the door of her suburban home with an urgent request.
1925 年，密码破译意外地再次进入了伊丽莎白的生活，当时一名海岸警卫队官员敲开了她郊区家的门，提出了紧急请求。
He explained that the Coast Guard’s network of radio towers had intercepted hundreds of encrypted messages but no one knew how to break them.
他解释说，海岸警卫队的无线电塔网络截获了数百条加密信息，但没有人知道如何破解它们。
Decrypting the messages might help them gain the upper hand against a deadly adversary.
解密这些消息可能会帮助他们在对抗致命对手时占据上风。
The Prohibition Act, signed into law several years earlier, had triggered an explosion of illegal trafficking in alcohol.
几年前签署成为法律的《禁酒法》引发了非法酒精贩运的激增。
Mobsters and gangsters ruled the streets.
暴徒和歹徒统治着街道。
Barbara Osteika: Murder was rampant and it became not just murder of gangster on gangster but they were starting to murder anybody who opposed them.
芭芭拉·奥斯特卡（Barbara Osteika）：谋杀猖獗，这不仅仅是黑帮对黑帮的谋杀，而且他们开始谋杀任何反对他们的人。
The federal police didn’t even really understand the concept of organized crime.
联邦警察甚至并不真正理解有组织犯罪的概念。
Jason Fagone: A massive black market rises up and it’s controlled by gangsters, racketeers, and mafiosi.
Jason Fagone：一个巨大的黑市兴起，由黑帮、敲诈勒索者和黑手党控制。
And very quickly they make a mockery out of the Coast Guard.
他们很快就嘲笑了海岸警卫队。
Narration: The Coast Guard was charged with stopping the deluge of liquor coming in by sea, but it only had 200 boats to patrol 5,000 miles of coastline.
旁白：海岸警卫队负责阻止大量酒类从海上涌入，但他们只有 200 艘船在 5,000 英里的海岸线上巡逻。
The rum runners, on the other hand, had unlimited resources.
另一方面，朗姆酒商人拥有无限的资源。
Huge ocean-going vessels served as mother ships that stored millions of dollars’ worth of liquor in their holds.
巨大的远洋船只充当母船，在其货舱中储存了价值数百万美元的酒类。
A fleet of smaller crafts, called black ships, would divvy up the cargo and transport it back to shore.
一支由称为黑船的小型船只组成的舰队将把货物分开并将其运回岸上。
Logistics made possible by the use of shortwave radios and sophisticated codes.
短波无线电和复杂代码的使用使物流成为可能。
The Coast Guard officer pleaded with Elizebeth for help.
海岸警卫队官员向伊丽莎白求助。
She was no teetotaler.
她不是滴酒不沾的人。
But Elizebeth saw the damage organized crime was doing to the country.
但伊丽莎白看到了有组织犯罪对国家造成的损害。
During her first three months on the job, she single-handedly decrypted two years’ worth of backlogged messages.
在上任的头三个月里，她凭一己之力解密了两年积压的邮件。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: It’s basically Elizebeth and a secretary filing her decrypts, and she’s doing all of that work during those years.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德（Amy Butler Greenfield），作家：基本上是伊丽莎白和一名秘书在归档她的解密数据，而这些年来她正在做所有这些工作。
She says she ends up looking at about 25,000 intercepts a year.
她说她最终每年会看到大约 25,000 次拦截。
That’s just astonishing.
这真是令人惊讶。
It’s really a war.
这确实是一场战争。
Narration: Elizebeth, however, was not just decrypting the messages…
旁白：然而，伊丽莎白不仅仅是解密信息……
she was weaponizing the data she was gathering.
她正在将她收集的数据武器化。
Barbara Osteika, Federal Law Enforcement Historian: What Elizebeth does is she begins the development of strategic intelligence, which nobody has done to this point.
芭芭拉·奥斯特卡（Barbara Osteika），联邦执法历史学家：伊丽莎白所做的是她开始发展战略情报，迄今为止还没有人这样做过。
And what that means is she takes the information that she’s obtaining in these broken codes and ciphers, which are basically the plans and intentions of the gangsters…
这意味着她从这些破译的代码和密码中获取了信息，这基本上就是歹徒的计划和意图……
And she begins to figure out who owns the ships, where a ship is scheduled to leave from, where those ships are going, who’s meeting those ships.
她开始弄清楚谁拥有这些船只、船只计划从哪里出发、这些船只要去哪里、谁会与这些船只会合。
All of these arrangements were made with wireless radio.
所有这些安排都是通过无线电进行的。
Barbara Osteika, Federal Law Enforcement Historian: She was able to explain basically to the US government and all of its federal law enforcement agencies what organized crime looked like, how they were doing their job and how to stop them.
Barbara Osteika，联邦执法历史学家：她基本上能够向美国政府及其所有联邦执法机构解释有组织犯罪是什么样子、他们如何开展工作以及如何阻止他们。
And that is really visionary...
而且这确实是有远见的...
Narration: By 1931, Elizebeth’s work was so indispensable the Coast Guard approved her plan to build an official codebreaking unit -- one of only a handful of such units in the country and the first to be run by a woman.
旁白：到 1931 年，伊丽莎白的工作变得不可或缺，海岸警卫队批准了她建立官方密码破译单位的计划——这是该国仅有的少数此类单位之一，也是第一个由女性管理的单位。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: She was allowed to hire junior codebreakers and train them.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：她被允许雇用初级密码破译员并培训他们。
She was given a raise to $3,800 a year, which is not a lot of money, but a bump for her.
她的薪水提高到了每年 3,800 美元，这虽然不是很多钱，但对她来说却是一个坎。
And she got a new title along with it, she was called the Cryptanalyst in Charge.
她也随之获得了一个新头衔，她被称为负责密码分析员。
Essentially the chief code breaker for the Coast Guard.
本质上是海岸警卫队的首席密码破译者。
Narration: For a mother with young children, a home to run, and a husband who worked equally long hours -- it was an exhausting time.
旁白：对于一个带着年幼孩子的母亲、一个要操持家务、一个工作时间同样长的丈夫来说——这是一段令人筋疲力尽的时光。
A decade into Prohibition, the crime syndicates had grown into multinational businesses run with exacting efficiency.
禁酒令实施十年后，犯罪集团已发展成为以严格效率运作的跨国企业。
But with Elizebeth’s intelligence in tow, the US government could finally take the mobsters to court.
但凭借伊丽莎白的情报，美国政府最终可以将暴徒告上法庭。
Elizebeth became the key witness in a series of sensational trials - starting with the prosecution of —CONEXCO—the largest rum running enterprise in the world.
伊丽莎白成为一系列轰动一时的审判的关键证人——从起诉世界上最大的朗姆酒经营企业——CONEXCO开始。
Barbara Osteika: They had the network from the manufacturer of the liquor to the final distribution of that liquor to speakeasies and nightclubs.
Barbara Osteika：他们拥有从酒类制造商到酒类最终分销到地下酒吧和夜总会的网络。
When the government went after CONEXCO it would be like the government going after Walmart today.
当政府追捕 CONEXCO 时，就像政府今天追捕沃尔玛一样。
Narration: With a virtual monopoly on bootlegging in the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico, CONEXCO supplied liquor to the most notorious mobster in the country, Al Capone.
旁白：CONEXCO 实际上垄断了太平洋和墨西哥湾的走私活动，为该国最臭名昭著的黑帮阿尔·卡彭提供酒类。
Within a year, the US Government indicted CONEXCO’s top rank,6 which included Capone’s brother.
一年之内，美国政府起诉了 CONEXCO 的高层6，其中包括卡彭的兄弟。
In 1933 at the trial in New Orleans, prosecutors called upon Elizebeth to testify against some of the most dangerous men in the country.
1933 年，在新奥尔良的审判中，检察官要求伊丽莎白出庭作证指控该国一些最危险的人物。
Barbara Osteika, Federal Law Enforcement Historian: There were a lot of prohibition agents who had already been killed in the line of duty.
联邦执法历史学家芭芭拉·奥斯特卡（Barbara Osteika）：有很多禁毒人员在执行任务时被杀。
Rose Mary Sheldon, Historian: There are these plain clothes people she doesn’t know – that are there to keep her from being whacked by the bad guys.
罗丝·玛丽·谢尔顿，历史学家：有一些她不认识的便衣人，他们的存在是为了防止她被坏人殴打。
But it wouldn’t have occurred to her not to testify against them.
但她绝不会想到不去作证指控他们。
These people had to be put away, that was the whole point of breaking the codes.
这些人必须被带走，这就是破坏密码的目的。
Narration: When Elizebeth took the stand, she was grilled mercilessly by Al Capone’s attorney who worked to undermine her credibility.
旁白：当伊丽莎白出庭时，她遭到了阿尔·卡彭的律师的无情盘问，后者竭力破坏她的可信度。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: And whenever Elizebeth tried to explain how she solved the messages these six lawyers, men, would often stand up and object and say that it was some kind of witchcraft, that code breaking was not science, that Elizebeth was just making a guess.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《破解密码的女人》作者：每当伊丽莎白试图解释她如何解决这些信息时，这六位男性律师经常站起来反对，并说这是某种巫术，密码破解不是科学，伊丽莎白只是在猜测。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: She got so fed up with the repeated objections of the defense attorneys that she asked a judge if she could have access to a blackboard.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：她厌倦了辩护律师的一再反对，以至于她向法官询问是否可以使用黑板。
And Elizebeth proceeded to give a class in code breaking.
伊丽莎白继续教授密码破译课程。
And by the time she was finished the defense attorneys had nothing else to say.
当她说完时，辩护律师已经无话可说了。
Barbara Osteika, Federal Law Enforcement Historian: They must have been thinking they were going to be able to bowl her over and make her testimony irrelevant.
芭芭拉·奥斯特卡（Barbara Osteika），联邦执法历史学家：他们一定以为他们能够推翻她，让她的证词变得无关紧要。
And instead she takes control of that and, you know, seals the deal.
相反，她掌控了一切，并且，你知道，达成了交易。
She gets the conviction…
她确信……
Narration: Elizebeth became a national celebrity.
旁白：伊丽莎白成为全国名人。
One newspaper headline praised her “Class in Cryptology.” Another described her as, “a pretty woman who protects the United States.” Reporters covering the trial expressed surprise that one woman could take down some of the most dangerous gangsters in the country.
一份报纸的标题赞扬了她的“密码学课程”。另一位网友形容她是“一位保护美国的漂亮女人”。报道审判的记者对一名女性能够打倒该国一些最危险的歹徒表示惊讶。
Vince Houghton, Historian: This is juicy stuff, these are murderers and these are people who will become household names in America.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：这是有趣的东西，这些都是杀人犯，这些人将成为美国家喻户晓的人物。
And then along comes this woman who is the key witness at the trial to get these guys thrown in prison.
然后这位女士出现了，她是审判中将这些人投入监狱的关键证人。
They don’t talk about her skills, they don’t talk about her brains and her ability to break these codes and to bring these gangsters to justice.
他们不谈论她的技能，不谈论她的大脑以及她打破这些密码并将这些歹徒绳之以法的能力。
They talk about how she looks, how she’s dressed, that she’s this dainty, little woman who is bringing these big, Al Capone-type mobsters to justice.
他们谈论她的外表，她的穿着，她是这个精致的小女人，正在将这些阿尔·卡彭式的大暴徒绳之以法。
Narration: William was delighted that his wife was finally getting the recognition she deserved.
旁白：威廉很高兴他的妻子终于得到了她应得的认可。
“I’m as proud as I can be,” he told her.
“我非常自豪，”他告诉她。
Narration: As Elizebeth’s work was seeing the light of day, William’s was burrowing deeper into the shadows.
旁白：当伊丽莎白的作品重见天日时，威廉的作品却陷入了更深的阴影。
By the late fall of 1939, Elizebeth knew something was terribly wrong with her husband.
1939 年深秋，伊丽莎白知道她的丈夫出了严重的问题。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: He developed mood swings, that’s what Elizebeth called them, mood swings or down swings.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：他出现了情绪波动，伊丽莎白称之为情绪波动或情绪低落。
Elizebeth was trying to figure out what was going on.
伊丽莎白试图弄清楚发生了什么事。
She assumed that he was working on a very difficult project at work.
她认为他正在做一个非常困难的工作项目。
She didn’t know what it was.
她不知道那是什么。
He didn’t tell her and he couldn’t tell her.
他没有告诉她，也不能告诉她。
Narration: William’s work at the Army intelligence was classified top-secret.
旁白：威廉在陆军情报部门的工作被列为绝密。
He was breaking into the encryption machines of America’s enemies.
他正在闯入美国敌人的加密机器。
The machines had reached a new level of complexity.
机器的复杂性达到了新的水平。
Many were considered unbreakable.
许多被认为是牢不可破的。
With the start of the second world war in Europe, William’s work reached a new level of urgency.
随着欧洲第二次世界大战的爆发，威廉的工作达到了新的紧迫程度。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: There’s Blitzkrieg, you see Paris fall, you see that Britain is left standing almost alone.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：闪电战发生了，你看到巴黎陷落，你看到英国几乎孤军奋战。
You see that the Japanese are starting to make overtures to be joined in alliance with Germany and with Italy.
你看到日本人开始提出与德国和意大利结盟的提议。
It’s looking very bad and William in addition as a Jewish man is aware that terrible things are happening to Jewish people in Germany.
情况看起来很糟糕，威廉作为一名犹太人也意识到德国的犹太人正在发生可怕的事情。
So I think the weight was colossal.
所以我认为重量是巨大的。
Narration: William was trying to pry open a Japanese machine called Purple – a device he had never seen or even had diagrams for.
旁白：威廉试图撬开一台名为“紫色”的日本机器——他从未见过这种设备，甚至没有图表。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: William and his team at the Army worked around the clock to try to reverse engineer these Japanese cipher machines because if they could then they would essentially be able to read the minds of the Axis powers– Japan and Nazi Germany.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《粉碎密码的女人》作者：威廉和他在陆军的团队夜以继日地工作，试图对这些日本密码机进行逆向工程，因为如果他们能做到的话，他们基本上就能读懂轴心国——日本和纳粹德国的想法。
Vince Houghton, Historian: William had to keep all that inside.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：威廉必须把所有这些都藏在心里。
He had a small group of people he worked with that he could talk to, but they all worked for him.
他有一小群可以与之交谈的人，但他们都为他工作。
And because he internalized all this stuff, it just burned him up inside until he finally broke.
因为他内化了所有这些东西，所以他的内心被灼烧着，直到他最终崩溃。
Narration: William’s team finally cracked Purple in September of 1940.
旁白：1940 年 9 月，William 的团队终于破解了 Purple。
Three months later, he had a complete breakdown – and checked himself into the psychiatric unit of Walter Reed General Hospital.
三个月后，他彻底崩溃了，并住进了沃尔特·里德综合医院的精神病科。
Elizebeth watched in dismay as he sank deeper and deeper into a depression.
伊丽莎白沮丧地看着他越陷越深。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: William at that point was still the main breadwinner in the household.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》作者：威廉当时仍然是家里的主要经济支柱。
He made much more money than Elizebeth did.
他赚的钱比伊丽莎白多得多。
And so the fact of him being in the psych ward, the uncertainty about his future created a much bigger uncertainty about both of their lives.
因此，他在精神病房的事实以及他未来的不确定性给他们两人的生活带来了更大的不确定性。
Narration: Every day for the nearly three months he was hospitalized, Elizebeth made the exhausting trip to see her husband.
旁白：在住院近三个月的时间里，伊丽莎白每天都费尽心力去探望她的丈夫。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: She is absolutely essential to William’s recovery.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：她对于威廉的康复绝对至关重要。
The medical establishment just let them sort it out themselves.
医疗机构只是让他们自己解决。
And William says later that she was the person who sent down the rope to the terrible morass that he was in.
威廉后来说，她是把绳子送到他所处的可怕沼泽地的人。
She pulled him out of the swamp.
她把他从沼泽里拉了出来。
She did it by willpower, she did it by faith in him.
她凭着意志力做到了这一点，她凭着对他的信心做到了这一点。
Narration: After he was discharged, he returned to his job at the Army.
解说：退伍后，他回到军队工作。
But he would struggle with clinical depression for the rest of his life.
但他的余生都在与临床抑郁症作斗争。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Elizebeth and William had always been equals, a team.
Jason Fagone，《打破密码的女人》作者：伊丽莎白和威廉一直是平等的，是一个团队。
After William’s breakdown in 1941 he would never quite be the same.
1941 年威廉精神崩溃后，他再也不像以前那样了。
And so Elizebeth would have to step up.
因此伊丽莎白必须挺身而出。
From now on she would in many ways have to be the stronger of the two.
从现在开始，她在很多方面都必须成为两者中更强大的一个。
Narration: In December 1941 – after a surprise Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor,8 the US military immediately ramped up its codebreaking capabilities.9
旁白：1941 年 12 月，日本偷袭珍珠港后8，美军立即加强了密码破译能力。9
Elizebeth’s team had just shifted from the Coast Guard to the Navy.
伊丽莎白的团队刚刚从海岸警卫队转到海军。
Now a military operation, the Navy placed a uniformed officer with much less experience in charge of the unit.
现在，这是一项军事行动，海军任命了一名经验少得多的穿制服的军官来负责该部队。
Rose Mary Sheldon, Historian: The Navy had a rule that women couldn’t be in charge of men and so she had to take a secondary position to a man who wasn’t as good as she was.
罗丝·玛丽·谢尔顿，历史学家：海军有一条规定，女人不能掌管男人，所以她不得不屈居于不如她的男人的次要地位。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: She had to deal with the pain and the frustration of losing leadership of something that she had created, that she had built and that was really her baby.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：她必须承受失去对她所创造的、她所建立的、真正是她的孩子的领导权的痛苦和沮丧。
Narration: The unit’s assignment was to monitor communications between a Nazi spy ring in South America and the German high command.
旁白：该部队的任务是监视南美洲的纳粹间谍团伙与德国最高指挥部之间的通信。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: There had been a high amount of German emigration to South America in the early 20th century.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德（Amy Butler Greenfield），作家：20 世纪初期，有大量德国人移民到南美洲。
There were places that had German towns with German street names, German newspapers, German schools.
有些地方有德国城镇，有德国街道名称、德国报纸、德国学校。
In addition, you had homegrown fascist movements.
此外，还有本土的法西斯运动。
You had movements in Brazil, in Paraguay, and other countries where you see real similarities with what is going on with Hitler’s Germany and what’s happening in Mussolini’s Italy.
巴西、巴拉圭和其他国家的运动与希特勒德国和墨索里尼意大利的情况有真正的相似之处。
Narration: Decoding messages written in German wasn’t a problem for Elizebeth.
旁白：解码用德语写的信息对伊丽莎白来说不是问题。
She was now so skilled at recognizing the various statistical properties of foreign languages, a translator could do the rest.10 In her rum runner days she had even decrypted messages in Chinese.
她现在已经非常熟练地识别外语的各种统计特性，剩下的事情都可以由翻译完成。10 在她从事朗姆酒交易的日子里，她甚至解密了中文信息。
Among the decrypted messages, one name appeared over and over: Sargo Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: She doesn’t know it yet but she’s starting to suspect she’s onto something big, and she is.
在解密的信息中，有一个名字一遍又一遍地出现：萨戈·艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：她还不知道，但她开始怀疑自己正在做一些大事，而她确实如此。
Sargo is the code name for a man named Johannes Siegfried Becker.
Sargo 是约翰内斯·齐格弗里德·贝克尔 (Johannes Siegfried Becker) 人的代号。
And Becker is the SS’s main man in South America.
贝克尔是党卫军在南美洲的主要人物。
He is part of Hitler’s elite.
他是希特勒精英的一部分。
Narration: As Elizebeth began to decode Sargo’s messages, she made a startling revelation – his network was transmitting the locations of Allied ships to U-boats in the Atlantic.
旁白：当伊丽莎白开始破译萨尔戈的信息时，她得到了一个惊人的启示——他的网络正在将盟军船只的位置传输到大西洋上的潜艇。
Vince Houghton, Historian: One of the most important intelligence targets for the Germans is information about allied shipping…
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：德国人最重要的情报目标之一是有关盟军航运的信息……
because it would be so easy for the Germans to pick off these supply ships one-by-one or to take out entire convoys all at once if they had accurate information about what route they were taking that they could knock the English out of the war.
因为如果德国人掌握了他们所走路线的准确信息，那么他们就可以很容易地逐一消灭这些补给船，或者一次性消灭整个船队，从而将英国人赶出战争。
And without the English, the war’s essentially over.
如果没有英国人，战争基本上就结束了。
Narration: In March of 1942, Elizebeth decrypted a series of ominous dispatches about the largest of the Allied supply ships, the Queen Mary.
旁白：1942 年 3 月，伊丽莎白解密了一系列有关盟军最大的补给舰玛丽女王号的不祥情报。
March 8 Queen Mary departed on March 8 1800 local time
3 月 8 日 玛丽女王于当地时间 1800 年 3 月 8 日出发
March 12 The Queen Mary on the 11th at 1800 MEZ was reported by the ship Campeiro on the seas (near) Recife.
3月12日 玛丽女王号于11日在1800 MEZ处被坎佩罗号船报告在累西腓附近海域。
March 13 The Queen Mary on the 12th at 1500MEZ was reported near the coast of Ceara
3月13日 玛丽女王号12日在塞阿拉海岸附近1500MEZ被报道
Narration: With her record-breaking speed12 and size,13 the Queen Mary’s military value was so great -- Adolph Hitler was offering $250,000 to the U-boat captain who could bring her down.
旁白：凭借破纪录的速度12和尺寸13，玛丽女王号的军事价值非常巨大——阿道夫·希特勒向能够击落她的U艇船长悬赏25万美元。
On this trip more than 8,000 men stood to lose their lives if the ship was sunk.
在这次航行中，如果船沉没，将有 8,000 多人丧生。
Guided by the secret messages, the U-boats found the Queen Mary off the coast of Brazil.
在秘密信息的引导下，潜艇在巴西海岸附近发现了玛丽女王号。
But before they could strike, Elizebeth’s decrypts were relayed to the ship’s captain.
但在他们发动攻击之前，伊丽莎白的解密信息被转发给了船长。
He was able to take evasive maneuvers and bring the ship safely to port.
他能够采取规避机动并将船安全带到港口。
As soon as Elizebeth started unlocking Sargo’s messages, the balance in the Atlantic began to tip.
一旦伊丽莎白开始解锁萨尔戈的信息，大西洋的平衡就开始倾斜。
David Hatch, Senior Historian, NSA: The information could be given to American forces first for a ship to take evasive action, and also for the hunter killer teams that the Americans had in the South Atlantic.
美国国家安全局高级历史学家大卫·哈奇：这些信息首先可以提供给美国军队，以便一艘船只采取规避行动，也可以提供给美国在南大西洋的猎杀队。
And many U-boats were sunk based on this kind of information.
许多U型潜艇就是根据这种信息被击沉的。
…
……
Vince Houghton, Historian: The work that Elizebeth Friedman is doing is some of the most important work of the second World War.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：伊丽莎白·弗里德曼所做的工作是第二次世界大战中最重要的工作之一。
It is allowing the supply line to exist.
它允许供应线存在。
Narration: Then, without warning, the Brazilian police started rounding up the Nazi spies.
旁白：然后，在没有任何警告的情况下，巴西警方开始围捕纳粹间谍。
Within days, the airwaves went silent.
几天之内，电波就沉寂了。
Vince Houghton, Historian: One of the worst things that you can do, if you’re chasing spies, is to arrest them before you’re done following them and watching them and seeing what they’re doing.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：如果你在追捕间谍，你能做的最糟糕的事情之一就是在你跟踪他们、观察他们并了解他们在做什么之前逮捕他们。
Because the easiest way for a country to know that you’ve broken their communication system, or that they have a leak somewhere, is if you round up all their spies.
因为让一个国家知道你破坏了他们的通信系统，或者他们在某个地方发生了泄密，最简单的方法就是围捕他们所有的间谍。
Narration: Elizebeth was stunned to learn that her work had been tripped up by one of her own…
旁白：伊丽莎白惊讶地发现她的工作被她自己的一个人绊倒了……
the Brazilians were conducting the arrests at the behest of the American FBI director —J.
巴西人是应美国联邦调查局局长 J. 的要求进行逮捕的。
Edgar Hoover.
埃德加·胡佛.
Vince Houghton, Historian: Hoover wants the glory, Hoover wants the headlines.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：胡佛想要荣耀，胡佛想要成为头条新闻。
That was really stupid of him to do.
他这样做实在是太愚蠢了。
This is really life and death.
这真是生死攸关。
Hoover is now completely cutting us off from this life saving intelligence that’s allowing us to keep our convoys safe in the Atlantic Ocean.
胡佛现在完全切断了我们与这种拯救生命的情报的联系，这些情报使我们能够保证我们的车队在大西洋的安全。
This puts Elizebeth and her team back at square one.
这让伊丽莎白和她的团队回到了原点。
Narration: Sargo escaped and immediately rebuilt the network.
旁白：萨戈逃脱并立即重建网络。
The spies set up 15 new circuits, each adopting a far more complex system of codes.
间谍们设立了 15 个新线路，每个线路都采用了更为复杂的密码系统。
Month after month, the unsolved messages piled up.
月复一月，未解决的消息堆积如山。
Elizebeth suspected that the codes were being generated by a highly complex machine called the “Enigma” — used by the German Intelligence Service.
伊丽莎白怀疑这些代码是由德国情报局使用的一台名为“Enigma”的高度复杂机器生成的。
There were several models of the enigma.
这个谜题有好几种模型。
The British were using a newly-invented decoding device to crack into the version used by the German military.
英国人正在使用一种新发明的解码设备来破解德国军方使用的版本。
The machine Elizebeth was facing was slightly less intricate – but not by much.
伊丽莎白面对的机器稍微不那么复杂——但也不是很多。
Her tools were still only pencil and paper.
她的工具仍然只有铅笔和纸。
Day after day she waded through the messages.
日复一日，她费力地浏览着这些信息。
After two months,she spotted a chink in the Enigma’s armor.
两个月后，她发现恩尼格玛机甲上有一个裂缝。
She intercepted a cache of 28 messages all sent in the same key — a careless mistake made by the spies.
她拦截了 28 条消息的缓存，所有消息均以同一密钥发送——这是间谍们粗心的错误。
The breakthrough enabled her to make inroads into the machine’s system.
这一突破使她能够侵入机器的系统。
She lined up the messages one below the other in a technique called solving “in depth.”
她采用一种称为“深度解决”的技术将消息逐一排列。
Vince Houghton, Historian: When you solve in depth and you put your papers next to each other or one on top of the other and you’re looking at what is the first letter in each of these messages, what is the second letter in each of these messages…
文斯·霍顿（Vince Houghton），历史学家：当你深入解决问题时，你把你的论文放在一起或放在一起，你会看到每条消息中的第一个字母是什么，每条消息中的第二个字母是什么……
Once you have the knowledge that you’re dealing with the same key everyday, then you can actually start breaking down words and understanding what letters are turning into others…
一旦您知道每天都在处理相同的键，那么您实际上可以开始分解单词并理解哪些字母正在变成其他字母......
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: I think that Elizebeth would be the first to say that you are always looking for the mistake that the other side is making.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德（Amy Butler Greenfield），作家：我认为伊丽莎白会是第一个说你总是在寻找对方所犯错误的人。
You find a little doorway that’s been left open just a smidge and that’s where you attack and that’s where you go in.
你会发现一个小门口，只开了一点点，那就是你攻击的地方，也是你进去的地方。
Narration: Finally, she was able to follow Sargo’s activities again.
旁白：终于，她能够再次追踪萨尔戈的活动了。
The decrypted messages laid bare ominous new developments in South America.
解密的信息暴露了南美洲不祥的新发展。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: There is a coup in Argentina, a fascist coup, in the summer of 1943.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德（Amy Butler Greenfield），作家：1943 年夏天，阿根廷发生了一场政变，一场法西斯政变。
At the end of that Sargo is really on the inside…
最后，萨尔戈真的在里面……
In Bolivia, again, he is working with people who want to turn the government toward the Nazis, and in December of 1943, lo and behold there’s a fascist coup in Bolivia.
在玻利维亚，他再次与那些想要让政府转向纳粹的人合作，1943 年 12 月，你瞧，玻利维亚发生了一场法西斯政变。
And this is scary stuff for the United States.
这对美国来说是可怕的事情。
Vince Houghton, Historian: The fear is that the Germans will start a front in South America.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：令人担心的是德国人将在南美开辟战线。
This could be a dramatic game changer that could make it very difficult for us to fight the war overseas, because we’d be worried about fighting the war at home.
这可能会戏剧性地改变游戏规则，让我们在海外打仗变得非常困难，因为我们会担心在国内打仗。
Narration: From her tiny office in Washington, Elizebeth shadowed Sargo’s every move.
旁白：伊丽莎白在华盛顿的小办公室里监视着萨戈的一举一动。
Any which way they turned, his spies were outflanked.
无论他们转向哪个方向，他的间谍都会遭到包抄。
Vince Houghton, Historian: In the end Elizebeth is able to give information to the Allies which allows them to break up the spy ring and do it in such a way that the Germans have no idea that the spy ring was broken up because their codes had been broken.
文斯·霍顿，历史学家：最后，伊丽莎白能够向盟军提供信息，使他们能够瓦解间谍团伙，并以一种让德国人不知道间谍团伙被瓦解的方式，因为他们的密码被破译了。
Narration: German backed revolutions in Bolivia and Chile were crushed.
旁白：德国支持的玻利维亚和智利革命被镇压。
Argentina’s relationship with Germany splintered.19 Within months, the Nazi threat in the Western Hemisphere was eliminated.
阿根廷与德国的关系破裂。19 几个月之内，西半球的纳粹威胁就被消除了。
Sargo went into hiding.
萨尔戈躲了起来。
He would never rebuild his network again.
他再也不会重建他的网络了。
Elizabeth’s work in South America was an astonishing testament to the power of codebreaking.20 But it would be a private and lonely victory.
伊丽莎白在南美的工作令人震惊地证明了密码破译的力量。20但这将是一次私人而孤独的胜利。
She had signed a Navy oath promising her silence until death.
她签署了一份海军誓言，承诺至死保持沉默。
She could tell no one.
她不能告诉任何人。
Not even William.
连威廉也不行。
And she could do nothing as J.
而作为J，她无能为力。
Edgar Hoover took credit for her crowning achievement.
埃德加·胡佛因她的最高成就而受到赞誉。
He took all the decrypts she had sent him – all 4,000 of them -- and had them stamped with FBI identification numbers, erasing Elizebeth and her team from the official record.
他拿走了她发给他的所有解密文件——全部 4,000 份——并在上面盖上了联邦调查局的识别号码，将伊丽莎白和她的团队从官方记录中抹去了。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: Elizebeth just had to kind of grin and bear it, and after a while she wasn’t grinning so much anymore.
杰森·法贡（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》的作者：伊丽莎白只能微笑着忍受，过了一会儿，她就不再笑了。
It kind of ate at her, but there was very little that she could do.
这有点折磨着她，但她却无能为力。
Narration: In her Christmas card in 1944, she wrote friends that she was just carrying on a routine Navy job.
旁白：1944 年，她在圣诞贺卡上写信给朋友们说，她只是在执行一份例行的海军工作。
William added a PS: “Elizebeth was, is, and continues to be the most fascinating woman I’ve ever known.” WWII ended in August, 1945.
威廉补充道：“伊丽莎白过去是、现在是、将来仍然是我所认识的最迷人的女人。”第二次世界大战于 1945 年 8 月结束。
A year later, Elizebeth’s unit was disbanded.21 She was 54 years old and out of a job.
一年后，伊丽莎白所在的单位被解散。21 她当时 54 岁，失业了。
Codebreaking by pencil and paper had become a thing of the past.
用铅笔和纸破译密码已经成为过去。
Computers were the future.22
计算机是未来。22
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: The post-war era will be like nothing Elizebeth has ever seen, and she knows that.
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：战后时代将是伊丽莎白从未见过的，她知道这一点。
She knows it’s changing.
她知道一切正在改变。
She can see that her era is ending.
她可以看到她的时代正在结束。
Narration: William continued to work for the government.
旁白：威廉继续为政府工作。
In the early 1950s he suffered a series of heart attacks and continued to struggle with mental illness.
20 世纪 50 年代初，他遭受了一系列心脏病发作，并继续与精神疾病作斗争。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: He was so depressed that he was unable to even start his hand to move on a pad of paper at the office, and so Elizebeth would put her hand on top of his and move the pencil for him.
杰森·法戈恩（Jason Fagone），《打破密码的女人》作者：他非常沮丧，甚至无法在办公室的纸上移动手，因此伊丽莎白将她的手放在他的手上，为他移动铅笔。
And in that way he was able to begin to work, begin to draw, begin to think and come to life…
通过这种方式，他能够开始工作、开始画画、开始思考、开始生活……
To me, that says everything about the Friedmans, who they were, their bond.
对我来说，这说明了弗里德曼一家的一切，他们是谁，他们的纽带。
Narration: William died of a heart attack on November 2, 1969.
旁白：1969年11月2日，威廉因心脏病去世。
Though Elizebeth’s career as a codebreaker was long over, codebreaking itself was becoming a critical part of keeping the nation safe.
尽管伊丽莎白的密码破译生涯早已结束，但密码破译本身正在成为维护国家安全的关键部分。
The US government had created the National Security Agency – the NSA – in 1952, and charged it with collecting cryptographic communications and strengthening the nation’s codes.
美国政府于 1952 年成立了国家安全局（NSA），并责成其收集密码通信和加强国家代码。
It would become the largest, most secretive and far-reaching arm of US intelligence gathering.
它将成为美国情报收集中最大、最秘密、影响最深远的部门。
Vince Houghton, Historian: Even though we’re not fighting a shooting war, we are keeping secrets, and a lot of them, and not letting the American public know what the government is doing in its name.
历史学家文斯·霍顿：尽管我们不是在打一场激烈的战争，但我们仍在保守秘密，而且是很多秘密，并且不让美国公众知道政府以自己的名义在做什么。
Elizebeth felt that it was going too far,too far, collecting too much information, becoming too intrusive, violating too much privacy.
伊丽莎白觉得这太过分了，收集了太多信息，变得太侵入性，侵犯了太多隐私。
Some of the same themes that will basically pester the NSA for the next several decades.
一些相同的主题基本上将在未来几十年内困扰美国国家安全局。
Narration: Even as intelligence gathering grew into something Elizebeth would hardly recognize, her methods formed the basis of codebreaking for decades to come.
旁白：尽管情报收集已经发展成为伊丽莎白几乎认不出的东西，但她的方法构成了未来几十年密码破译的基础。
Jason Fagone, Author, The Woman Who Smashed Codes: She helped to create an immensely powerful new science of code breaking...
Jason Fagone，《破解密码的女人》作者：她帮助创建了一种极其强大的密码破解新科学……
And so there’s still a good portion of her DNA in codebreaking today, even though it’s been mathematized and done on computers.
因此，尽管密码破译已经被数学化并在计算机上完成，但她的 DNA 的很大一部分在今天仍然发挥着作用。
She laid a foundation for what happens at American intelligence agencies everyday today.
她为今天美国情报机构每天发生的事情奠定了基础。
Narration: Elizebeth struggled in her final years as her savings dried up.
旁白：伊丽莎白在她的最后几年里，由于积蓄耗尽，生活陷入困境。
She died on October 31, 1980 in a nursing home in New Jersey.
1980年10月31日，她在新泽西州的一家疗养院去世。
She took her secret life to the grave.
她把自己的秘密生活带进了坟墓。
The government kept the files detailing Elizebeth Friedman’s history making work locked away for 62 years.
政府将详细介绍伊丽莎白·弗里德曼 (Elizebeth Friedman) 的历史创作工作的文件封锁了 62 年。
In 2008, decades after her death, they were finally declassified.
2008 年，也就是她去世几十年后，这些文件终于被解密。
Amy Butler Greenfield, Writer: If we could miss something as big as Elizebeth, who is crucial in two world wars, who fights crime, who fights the mob, if we missed her, who else are we missing?
艾米·巴特勒·格林菲尔德，作家：如果我们能错过像伊丽莎白这样重要的人物，她在两次世界大战中发挥着至关重要的作用，她打击犯罪，打击暴徒，如果我们错过了她，我们还错过了谁？