The Battle of Chosin

Narrator: In the last days of November 1950, twelve-thousand men of the First Marine Division, along with a few thousand Army soldiers, found themselves trapped high in the mountains of North Korea, near a reservoir called Chosin.

旁白：1950 年 11 月的最后几天，海军陆战队第一师的 1.2 万名官兵以及数千名陆军士兵发现自己被困在朝鲜高山上，靠近一座名为长津的水库。

Their leaders had been caught off guard by the sudden entrance of the People's Republic of China into the five-month old Korean War.

中华人民共和国突然卷入为期五个月的朝鲜战争，令他们的领导人措手不及。

The Americans were surrounded, outnumbered, and at risk of annihilation.

美国人被包围，寡不敌众，面临被歼灭的危险。

The two-week battle that followed is among the most momentous in U.S. history.

接下来的两周战斗是美国历史上最重要的战斗之一。

It helped set the course of American foreign policy in the Cold War and beyond.

它帮助确定了冷战时期及以后美国外交政策的方向。

And it remains one of the most renowned in Marine Corps annals.

它仍然是海军陆战队历史上最著名的作品之一。

Hampton Sides, Author: All battles are terrible, but this one might well have been the, the very worst in American history.

汉普顿赛德斯（Hampton Sides），作者：所有的战斗都是可怕的，但这一场很可能是美国历史上最糟糕的一场。

These were some of the harshest winter conditions that American forces have ever fought in.

这是美军曾经经历过的最严酷的冬季条件。

Manert Kennedy, U.S. Marine Corps: You were not only physically frozen you were emotionally frozen, not knowing how much more you could give, and…

马纳特·肯尼迪，美国海军陆战队：你不仅在身体上被冻结了，在情感上也被冻结了，不知道你还能付出多少，而且……

yet wanting to survive.

却又想生存。

Watson Crumbie, U.S. Marine Corps: That was the hardest thing I ever did in my life was pick up the frozen bodies of the Marines that had been killed and their arms and legs were bent in the position in which they had been killed.

沃森·克鲁比（Watson Crumbie），美国海军陆战队：这是我一生中做过的最艰难的事情，就是捡起被杀的海军陆战队员的冰冻尸体，他们的胳膊和腿都弯曲在被杀的位置。

Bob Boulden, U.S. Marine Corps: I wrote a letter home, ''Dear Mom and Dad, by the time you get this letter you'll know the Marine Corps has been annihilated or…

鲍勃·博尔登，美国海军陆战队：我给家里写了一封信，“亲爱的爸爸妈妈，当你们收到这封信时，你们就会知道海军陆战队已经被歼灭了，或者……

or we're coming out of here with some pretty good honors...''

或者我们会带着一些相当好的荣誉离开这里......”

Hampton Sides, Author: The Marines marched up into those mountains and when they marched out of those mountains, they were different, the war was different, America was different, and really the entire world was different.

汉普顿赛德斯，作者：海军陆战队进军那些山脉，当他们走出那些山脉时，他们不同了，战争不同了，美国不同了，整个世界也确实不同了。

Narrator: On Thanksgiving Day, 1950, American-led United Nations troops were on the march in North Korea.

旁白：1950年感恩节那天，美国领导的联合国部队正在朝鲜行进。

The forces of democracy, according to the New York Times, were ''brushing away scant resistance.''What remained of North Korea's Communist army had apparently turned and fled.

据《纽约时报》报道，民主力量“扫除了微乎其微的抵抗”。朝鲜共产党军队的残余力量显然已经转身逃跑。

U.S. Marine and Air Force pilots owned the skies; and proved it by distributing holiday bounty up and down the peninsula—even to the men at the tip of the spear, near the northern border of Korea, within sight of China.

美国海军陆战队和空军飞行员拥有天空；并通过在半岛各地分发节日赏金来证明这一点——甚至分发给位于朝鲜北部边境附近、中国视线范围内的矛尖上的人。

Bill Mills, U.S. Marine Corps: They made a monumental effort to put that kind of meal out under those conditions and it was wonderful.

比尔·米尔斯（Bill Mills），美国海军陆战队：他们做出了巨大的努力，在这样的条件下提供这种食物，这真是太棒了。

Turkey, mincemeat pie, pumpkin pie, cranberries…

火鸡、肉末派、南瓜派、蔓越莓……

the whole works.

整个作品。

John Edward Gray, U.S. Army: It was cold turkey, let me tell you.

约翰·爱德华·格雷，美国陆军：让我告诉你，这是冷火鸡。

The cooks did the best they could.

厨师们已经尽力了。

But it was Thanksgiving and we did have optimism that the war would be over and maybe that's thanks in itself.

但当时是感恩节，我们确实乐观地认为战争将会结束，也许这本身就是感谢。

Narrator: The commander of the U.N.

旁白：联合国司令

forces, General Douglas MacArthur, flew into Korea the next day to launch the final offensive of what was shaping up to be a short and successful war.

第二天，道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军的军队飞往朝鲜，发动最后的攻势，这场战争即将成为一场短暂而成功的战争。

Bruce Cumings, Historian: macarthur tells the troops and his commanders that the fundamental goal of the Korean War to unify the peninsula under the control of the South Korean government will soon be accomplished and he says to the soldiers, ''I hope you boys will be home by Christmas.''

历史学家布鲁斯·卡明斯：麦克阿瑟告诉部队和他的指挥官，朝鲜战争中将半岛统一到韩国政府控制下的基本目标很快就会实现，他对士兵们说，“我希望你们孩子们能在圣诞节前回家。”

Gail Shisler, Author: The northern boundary of North Korea is the Yalu River and so his cry became that he wanted to go to the Yalu and conquer all of North Korea.

作者盖尔·希斯勒：朝鲜的北部边界是鸭绿江，所以他的口号变成了他要上鸭绿江，征服整个朝鲜。

They were just going to go up the mountain, just like cutting through butter, and they were gonna go to the Yalu and it was gonna be great.

他们要去山上，就像切黄油一样，他们要去鸭绿江，那会很棒。

Bill Mills, U.S. Marine Corps: I was really excited about it.

比尔·米尔斯，美国海军陆战队：我对此感到非常兴奋。

I, I really was.

我，我真的是。

I thought, ''Boy, this is what we should do,''you know.

我想，“孩子，这就是我们应该做的，”你知道。

And…

还有……

I thought that, you know it was in the bag.

我想，你知道它在袋子里。

I thought we were gonna pull it off.

我以为我们会成功的

Sam Folsom, U.S. Marine Corps: Everything was just wide open, ''Let's do it,''routine at that point.

Sam Folsom，美国海军陆战队：一切都是开放的，“让我们开始吧”，当时的例行公事。

We had won the war.

我们赢得了战争。

It was over.

一切都结束了。

It was that blunt.

就是这么直率。

Narrator: Five months into the Korean War, American troops and commanders had reason for confidence.

旁白：朝鲜战争爆发五个月后，美国军队和指挥官有理由充满信心。

Narrator: Split across the middle at the 38th parallel in the political settlement that followed World War II, the Korean peninsula had solidified into two separate states by 1950.

旁白：在第二次世界大战后的政治解决中，朝鲜半岛在北纬 38 度线的中间被一分为二，到 1950 年，朝鲜半岛已固化为两个独立的国家。

North Korea had the support of the Soviet Union and of Mao Zedong's new Communist China; the United States and other western democracies backed the South.

朝鲜得到了苏联和毛泽东的新共产主义中国的支持；美国和其他西方民主国家支持南方。

This uneasy balance held until June 25th, 1950.

这种不稳定的平衡一直持续到 1950 年 6 月 25 日。

The North Korean army blasted through the 38th parallel that day, scattering South Korean defenses.

朝鲜军队当天炸穿了北纬38度线，打散了韩国的防御力量。

It captured Seoul, the capital of the South, in less than seventy-two hours and kept going, making plain its goal to take the entire peninsula.

它在不到七十二小时的时间内占领了韩国首都首尔，并继续前进，明确了其占领整个半岛的目标。

Stanley Weintraub, Author: When the North Koreans invaded, they had Soviet equipment, they had Soviet tanks, they had Soviet advisers.

斯坦利·温特劳布（Stanley Weintraub），作者：当朝鲜入侵时，他们有苏联的装备，他们有苏联的坦克，他们有苏联的顾问。

The American people believed that what was happening is that it was Stalin's proxy war against the United States.

美国人民认为，这是斯大林针对美国的代理人战争。

Newsreel (V.O.): On hearing the grave news, President Truman flies to Washington from his Missouri home.

新闻短片（画外音）：听到这个重大消息后，杜鲁门总统从密苏里州的家中飞往华盛顿。

The President describes the invasion as threat to the peace which cannot be tolerated.''

总统将这次入侵描述为对和平的威胁，这是无法容忍的。”

President Harry Truman (V.O.): This is a direct challenge to the efforts of free nations to build the kind of world in which men can live in freedom and peace.

哈里·杜鲁门总统（画外音）：这是对自由国家努力建设人类能够自由与和平生活的世界的直接挑战。

This challenge has been presented squarely.

这一挑战已被明确提出。

We must meet it squarely.

我们必须正视它。

Narrator: Within days of the invasion, the United Nations Security Council resolved to repel the North Koreans from the South and to restore peace and security in the area.

旁白：入侵发生后几天内，联合国安理会就决定将朝鲜人逐出韩国并恢复该地区的和平与安全。

The United States was to lead a multi-national force tasked with enforcing the UN resolution.

美国将领导一支多国部队，负责执行联合国决议。

Manert Kennedy, U.S. Marine Corps: I was 20 years old when the war, war broke out.

马纳特·肯尼迪，美国海军陆战队：战争爆发时我才 20 岁。

I knew very little about Korea but I knew we were in direct conflict with the Soviet Union and that the Soviets were out to spread Communism worldwide.

我对韩国知之甚少，但我知道我们与苏联有直接冲突，而且苏联人打算在全世界传播共产主义。

I knew that.

我知道这一点。

Werner Reininger, U.S. Marine Corps: They activated all of the Marine Reserves at that time because they needed troops now, like right now.

Werner Reininger，美国海军陆战队：他们当时启动了所有海军陆战队预备役部队，因为他们现在需要部队，就像现在一样。

Jack Haffeman, U.S. Marine Corps: I just wanted to, to be a Marine in the worst way.

杰克·哈夫曼，美国海军陆战队：我只是想以最糟糕的方式成为一名海军陆战队员。

I was too young for World War II.

对于第二次世界大战来说，我还太年轻。

And there were at least 2,000 of us, all the same thing.

我们至少有 2000 个人，都是一样的人。

We were kids just out of high school and all wanted to be a Marine -- a gung-ho Marine, carry a rifle, shoot at somebody.

我们都是刚从高中毕业的孩子，都想成为一名海军陆战队员——一名雄心勃勃的海军陆战队员，拿着步枪，向某人开枪。

Juan Balleza, U.S. Marine Corps: I remember getting on the train and we pulled out.

胡安·巴列萨（Juan Balleza），美国海军陆战队：我记得上了火车，然后我们就离开了。

I remember my mother waving to us…

我记得妈妈向我们招手……

but then, later on I realized that she really wasn't waving, she was giving us her blessing as we drove by.

但后来我意识到她实际上并不是在挥手，而是在我们开车经过时向我们表示祝福。

Narrator: By the time the first big wave of reserves arrived, the North Korean army had nearly pushed US forces off the peninsula.

旁白：当第一波预备队抵达时，朝鲜军队几乎已经将美军赶出了半岛。

But Douglas MacArthur remained confident he could reverse the losses.

但道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟仍然相信他能够扭转损失。

He ordered his forces to attack deep into enemy-held territory, at the port of Inchon.

他命令他的部队深入敌方控制的仁川港地区进攻。

John Edward Gray: MacArthur took the chance and tried to conduct a landing there at high tide, which only had a range of a few hours to debark troops there.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：麦克阿瑟抓住机会，试图在涨潮时在那里登陆，但登陆距离只有几个小时。

And also it wasn't a good beach at all.

而且那根本不是一个好海滩。

There's a seawall there.

那里有海堤。

But the enemy didn't expect us to land there so it became a tremendous surprise to the enemy and it wasn't very well defended.

但敌人没想到我们会在那里登陆，所以这对敌人来说是一个巨大的惊喜，而且防守也不是很好。

The success at Inchon was a bold stroke of genius.

仁川的成功是一次大胆的天才之举。

Newsreel (V.O.): On 16 September, the 1st Marine Division moves through Inchon.

新闻片（画外音）：9 月 16 日，海军陆战队第一师穿过仁川。

This city is recaptured against relatively light resistance.

这座城市在相对轻微的抵抗下被夺回。

Allied casualties are few, as these men move through Inchon, their objective is Seoul.

盟军伤亡很少，因为这些人穿过仁川，他们的目标是首尔。

Gail Shisler, Author: The success at Inchon changed everything.

盖尔·希斯勒（Gail Shisler），作者：仁川的成功改变了一切。

The North Korean supply line was cut.

朝鲜的补给线被切断。

There was a direct route from Inchon into Seoul, which was the capitol, and taking it was not only a military victory but also a psychological one, and a political one as well.

从仁川到首都首尔有一条直达路线，夺取这条路线不仅是军事上的胜利，也是心理上的胜利，也是政治上的胜利。

Hampton Sides, Author: The goal begins to change now because what MacArthur first thought was, ''Well, we'll just, we'll just disintegrate the North Korean Army and we'll re-reestablish the borders.

汉普顿·赛德斯（Hampton Sides），作者：目标现在开始改变，因为麦克阿瑟首先想到的是，“好吧，我们将瓦解朝鲜军队，然后重新建立边界。”

But then he begins to realize, ''Ah, maybe I can pursue the North Koreans into their own country, into North Korea, and destroy the last remnants of that army.''It becomes this idea of taking the entire country.

但后来他开始意识到，“啊，也许我可以追击朝鲜人进入他们自己的国家，进入朝鲜，并摧毁那支军队的最后残余。”这就变成了占领整个国家的想法。

And it's not just MacArthur.

不仅仅是麦克阿瑟。

It's, it's really all the leaders in Washington.

确实是华盛顿的所有领导人。

There's a glimpse of total victory.

看到了彻底胜利的曙光。

Narrator: President Harry Truman had a major reservation: he was worried that Communist China might enter the war to defend the North Korean regime.

旁白：哈里·杜鲁门总统有一个重大保留：他担心共产主义中国可能会参加战争来保卫朝鲜政权。

His general waved it off.

他的将军挥手拒绝了。

Hampton Sides: MacArthur was very disdainful of the Chinese as a fighting force.

汉普顿·赛德斯：麦克阿瑟非常鄙视中国作为一支战斗力量。

They were a peasant army, they weren't very well armed, they didn't have an air force to speak of, so he really was quite, he was quite scornful of, of this notion that the Chinese posed a threat.

他们是一支农民军队，他们的武装不是很好，他们没有空军可言，所以他真的非常、他非常蔑视中国人构成威胁的这种想法。

Narrator: MacArthur's instructions from his bosses at the Joint Chiefs of Staff were to proceed with caution in North Korea; only soldiers from South Korea would be allowed to fight all the way to the Chinese border.

旁白：麦克阿瑟从参谋长联席会议上级得到的指示是在朝鲜问题上要谨慎行事；只有韩国士兵才能被允许一直战斗到中国边境。

But MacArthur believed he knew best.

但麦克阿瑟相信他最了解。

Three days after his men captured the North Korean capital of Pyongyang, the general directed his commanders to speed forward, using all available forces.

在他的部下占领朝鲜首都平壤三天后，这位将军指示他的指挥官使用所有可用的力量加速前进。

John Edward Gray: The troops became even more jubilant because here we not only repulsed an enemy who was aggressive, we taught him a lesson.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：部队变得更加欢腾，因为在这里我们不仅击退了侵略性的敌人，还给了他一个教训。

Now we're taking his territory.

现在我们正在占领他的领土。

The word of optimism went around, ''We'll rout these North Koreans completely and we'll go all the way to the Yalu.''

乐观的言论四处流传，“我们将彻底击溃这些朝鲜人，我们将一路杀到鸭绿江。”

Narrator: By the last week in November, MacArthur had the Yalu in his sights, and he had a plan to get there.

旁白：11 月的最后一周，麦克阿瑟已经把鸭绿江列入了他的目标，并制定了到达那里的计划。

His armies on either side of the Taebaek Mountains would act as armored pincers.

他在太白山脉两侧的军队将充当装甲钳。

They would close the divide between them, form a solid front, and then race north before the long and brutal Korean winter settled in.

他们将弥合彼此之间的鸿沟，形成坚固的战线，然后在朝鲜漫长而严酷的冬季到来之前向北狂奔。

''This should for all practical purposes end the war,'' MacArthur told the press, and ''restore peace and unity to Korea.''

麦克阿瑟对媒体说：“这应该出于所有实际目的结束战争，并恢复朝鲜的和平与统一。”

Bob Ezell, U.S. Marine Corps: I didn't know what the orders were.

鲍勃·埃泽尔，美国海军陆战队：我不知道命令是什么。

All I knew is we were moving out and it was about seven miles uphill to where we were going.

我只知道我们要搬出去，到我们要去的地方大约有七英里的上坡路。

Werner Reininger: We advanced rather slowly because that's about the only way you could walk up there.

Werner Reininger：我们前进得相当缓慢，因为这是你可以走到那里的唯一方法。

You had two directions to go up in North Korea and that was either straight up or straight down 'cause it was a very mountainous, very rugged terrain.

在朝鲜，你有两个方向可以上去，要么直上，要么直下，因为那里多山，地形崎岖。

John Edward Gray: It was real hazardous for us because that main supply route was an ox trail.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：这对我们来说确实很危险，因为主要补给路线是一条牛道。

That's all it was.

就是这样。

Often times it was just one lane wide along a side hill cut with a big bank on one side and then a plunging cliff on the other.

很多时候，它只有一条小巷宽，沿着一座小山，一侧是大堤岸，另一侧是陡峭的悬崖。

John Parkinson, U.S. Marine Corps: We finally got into a village called Yudam-ni.

约翰·帕金森，美国海军陆战队：我们终于进入了一个叫柳潭里的村庄。

And it was just the most desolate country you ever wanted to see—a pile of boulders and rocks, and of course snow and wind.

这正是你想看到的最荒凉的国家——一堆巨石和岩石，当然还有雪和风。

Everybody was grumbling and crabbing but that's the Marine Corps.

每个人都在抱怨和抱怨，但那是海军陆战队。

If you're not crabbing you ain't a Marine.

如果你不抓螃蟹，你就不是海军陆战队员。

John Edward Gray: The temperatures were plunging at night to as much as 25 below zero and the northwest wind was blowing 15, 20 miles an hour out of Manchuria.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：夜间气温骤降至零下 25 度，西北风以每小时 15、20 英里的速度从满洲吹来。

But still we were cheered up thinking with optimism, ''Well, we won't have to endure this for long.

但我们仍然很高兴地乐观地想：“好吧，我们不必长期忍受这种情况。”

Maybe they're right and maybe the war will be over.''

也许他们是对的，也许战争就会结束。”

Narrator: MacArthur's willingness to sacrifice caution for speed had consequences.

旁白：麦克阿瑟愿意为了速度而牺牲谨慎，这带来了后果。

On the eve of its final offensive, the First Marine Division was strung out on a single supply route, nearly eighty miles long, leading to the Chosin Reservoir.

在最后进攻前夕，海军陆战第一师被困在一条近八十英里长的单一补给线上，一直通向长津水库。

Thirty-six hundred men were making camp at the bottom of the reservoir at Hagaru-ri, where division headquarters and a much-needed airfield were taking shape.

三千六百人正在下碇里的水库底部扎营，师部司令部和急需的机场正在那里成形。

Five miles ahead, on the west side of the reservoir, was a small contingent of four hundred Marines defending the high ground above the road.

前方五英里处，水库西侧，有一支由四百名海军陆战队员组成的小分队，守卫着道路上方的高地。

The bulk of the forces—eight thousand Marines—were digging in near the village of Yudam-ni, preparing to spearhead the next-day's offensive.

主力部队——八千名海军陆战队员——正在柳潭里村附近挖掘阵地，准备带头发起第二天的攻势。

To the east were twenty-five hundred U.S. Army soldiers and several hundred South Korean fighters placed there to protect the right flank of the attacking Marines.

东边有两千五百名美国陆军士兵和数百名韩国战士部署在那里，以保护进攻的海军陆战队的右翼。

As darkness fell on November 27th, the men on both sides of the reservoir were settling in for their last night of sleep before their big attack to the Yalu.

11月27日夜幕降临，水库两岸的战士们正在准备大举进攻鸭绿江之前的最后一晚睡眠。

Jack Haffeman: There was one tree up on that hill, a fully-grown tree with pine branches.

杰克·哈夫曼：那座山上有一棵树，一棵长满松枝的树。

And I took my entrenching tool and knocked some of those branches off.

我拿起我的工兵工具，把其中一些树枝敲掉了。

And I laid it down, put my sleeping bag on top, and I was gonna get a good night's rest 'cause I was tired.

我把它放下，把睡袋放在上面，因为我累了，我打算好好休息一晚。

And I heard, ''Bang.

我听到，“砰”。

Bang.

砰。

Bang.''

砰。”

Juan Balleza: Blares, like a bugle blowing, whistles, clangs.

胡安·巴莱萨（Juan Balleza）：Blares，就像吹号一样，口哨声，叮当声。

Screaming and illumination flares were being shot up.

尖叫声和照明弹不断升起。

And all you could see ahead of us was Chinese come at us, a lot of ‘em.

在我们前面你能看到的就是中国人向我们走来，而且很多。

You know, so we set up our fields of fire in defense positions; braced for the attack.

你知道，所以我们在防御阵地设立了火力场；做好了进攻准备。

Grant McMillin, U.S. Army: The first sergeant was screaming for everybody out, get out of our tents, and get on the ground, and get your rifles out 'cause they're coming.

格兰特·麦克米林（Grant McMillin），美国陆军：第一中士尖叫着让大家出去，离开我们的帐篷，趴到地上，拿出你的步枪，因为他们来了。

John Edward Gray: All of a sudden here come a whole bunch of Chinese.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：突然间来了一大群中国人。

They were in these quilted uniforms coming, coming down inside our perimeter down the valley toward us.

他们穿着这些绗缝制服，从我们的防线内沿着山谷向我们走来。

I shot the one nearest me and he, he just staggered.

我向离我最近的一个开枪，他只是踉跄了一下。

I had to shoot him twice before he went down.

在他倒下之前我不得不向他开枪两次。

Bob Ezell: Some Chinese Communist jumps up about ten yards out in front and somebody yelled, ''Duck, he's got a grenade.''

鲍勃·埃泽尔（Bob Ezell）：一些中国共产党人在前面大约十码处跳了起来，有人大喊：“快点，他有一枚手榴弹。”

Bill Mills: It's terrifying.

比尔·米尔斯：太可怕了。

You know you're gonna die and you wonder how it's gonna happen.

你知道你会死，但你想知道它会如何发生。

John Parkinson: We used everything.

约翰·帕金森：我们使用了一切。

We had our M-1s, the Carbines if you could get it to work.

我们有我们的M-1，还有卡宾枪，如果你能让它们发挥作用的话。

We had our machine guns and it was just one solid field of fire as they come down.

我们有机枪，当它们落下时，这里只是一片坚固的火场。

You didn't have to look where they were.

你不必看他们在哪里。

They were in back of you, in front of you, around you, right in the middle of you.

他们在你的背后，在你的面前，在你的周围，就在你的中间。

Bob Boulden: You'd be shooting, you'd be stabbing, you're using your rifle as a club.

鲍勃·博尔登：你会射击，你会刺伤，你会用你的步枪作为棍棒。

Sometimes they'd be eight, six, eight feet away from you before you even knew it, on that.

有时，在你意识到之前，他们就已经离你八、六、八英尺远了。

And that's when either the bayonet, or your rifle, become a club.

那时刺刀或步枪就会变成棍棒。

John Parkinson: When things got hot and heavy my good friend Sergeant Bob Debbins got a burp gun right through the back of his head.

约翰·帕金森：当事情变得又热又重时，我的好朋友鲍勃·德宾斯中士被打嗝枪射穿了他的后脑勺。

We tried to keep him alive but we had nothing to work with.

我们试图让他活下去，但我们没有什么可做的。

I took my T-shirt out of my backpack, I had an extra one, and I tried to stop the blood with that.

我从背包里拿出我的T恤，又多了一件，我试图用它来止血。

But he bled to death.

但他失血过多而死。

We were just hanging by a thread.

我们命悬一线。

Narrator: When the attack subsided the next morning, one of MacArthur's most trusted subordinates, General Ned Almond, choppered into the command post on the east side of the reservoir to buck up the badly shaken Army unit.

旁白：第二天早上，袭击平息后，麦克阿瑟最信任的下属之一内德·阿尔蒙德将军乘直升机进入水库东侧的指挥所，以振兴受到严重震动的陆军部队。

One of the highest-ranking officers on the ground, Lt.

当地最高级别的军官之一，中尉。

Col.

上校

Don Faith, was just then making sense of what had happened the night before.

唐·费斯正在理解前一天晚上发生的事情。

John Edward Gray: Faith told him, and it should have been convincing, ''General, we're in deep trouble.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：信仰告诉他，这应该是令人信服的，“将军，我们遇到了大麻烦。”

We captured Chinese soldiers from two different divisions.

我们俘虏了来自两个不同师的中国士兵。

That indicates we've got two divisions right here in our vicinity.

这表明我们附近有两个师。

''What are, what are we doing, General?

“什么，我们在做什么，将军？

We just barely survived.

我们只是勉强活了下来。

We fended ‘em off but we need help.''And General Almond, he said, ''What do you mean?

我们击退了他们，但我们需要帮助。”阿尔蒙德将军说，“你是什么意思？

You're gonna let a few Chinese laundrymen stop you?

你会让几个中国洗衣工来阻止你吗？

We're gonna continue the attack.''

我们要继续进攻。”

Narrator: The leader of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong, had won a long and deadly civil war a year earlier and united the country under his Communist flag.

旁白：中华人民共和国领导人毛泽东一年前赢得了一场长期而致命的内战，并将国家统一在他的共产主义旗帜下。

But he was a man made wary by a lifetime of fighting.

但他是一个因一生的战斗而变得警惕的人。

Chairman Mao was wary of his foes inside China.

毛主席对中国境内的敌人保持警惕。

He was wary of the growing Soviet empire on his northern border.

他对北部边境不断壮大的苏联帝国保持警惕。

And he was especially wary of Americans, who had backed his enemy in the civil war, and whose army was threatening his border in the fall of 1950.

他对美国人特别警惕，他们在内战中支持了他的敌人，并且他们的军队在 1950 年秋天威胁着他的边境。

Bruce Cumings: What Mao had on his hands, and this is a reverse of what people thought in the US—people thought Mao was an evil, crazy Communist dictator and MacArthur was a great hero—but from Mao's standpoint MacArthur was the irrational one.

布鲁斯·卡明斯：毛泽东手上有什么，这与美国人的想法相反——人们认为毛泽东是一个邪恶、疯狂的共产主义独裁者，而麦克阿瑟是一位伟大的英雄——但从毛泽东的角度来看，麦克阿瑟是非理性的。

He just wanted to plunge ahead.

他只想一头扎进去。

''What would the US do, do if the Chinese Communist army were marching up Mexico, talking about rolling back American capitalism in the southwest?''

“如果中国共产党军队向墨西哥进军，并谈论在西南部击退美国资本主义，美国会怎么做？”

Narrator: Mao had begun preparations to enter the war in North Korea back in October, around the time MacArthur's troops first crossed the 38th parallel.

旁白：早在十月，毛泽东就开始准备参加朝鲜战争，大约在麦克阿瑟的部队第一次越过北纬38度线的时候。

When MacArthur's army kept pushing north, nearing the Chinese border, Mao set his battle plan in motion.

当麦克阿瑟的军队不断向北推进，接近中国边境时，毛泽东启动了他的作战计划。

Sheila Miyoshi Jager, Historian: U.S. Intelligence knew that there were troops that were being amassed in Manchuria.

历史学家希拉·三好·雅格（Sheila Miyoshi Jager）：美国情报部门知道满洲正在集结军队。

We just didn't know what they were doing there, right.

我们只是不知道他们在那里做什么，对吧。

And of course what they were doing there was slowly and quietly infiltrating into North Korea.

当然，他们在那里所做的事情是慢慢地、悄悄地渗透到朝鲜。

John Edward Gray: The Chinese used a night cover, to camouflage their movements and they were moving away from the roads, hidden at night from our aircrafts' surveillance and also in the daytime by staying within the forest under the trees.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：中国人使用夜间掩护来伪装他们的行动，他们远离道路，在夜间隐藏在我们飞机的监视之下，白天也呆在森林里的树下。

Sam Folsom: They moved at night and they stayed up on the ridgelines.

萨姆·福尔瑟姆：他们在晚上搬家，并在山脊线上过夜。

The US forces, in general, stayed on the roads and just…

总的来说，美军留在了道路上，只是……

went hell bent for the border.

拼命奔向边境。

But meanwhile, in between the forces, Chinese were coming quietly down on foot.

但与此同时，在两支军队之间，中国人正在悄悄地步行下来。

Narrator: Mao knew his military was far inferior to the American's in tanks, artillery and airpower.

旁白：毛泽东知道他的军队在坦克、火炮和空中力量方面远远不如美国。

But he had taken the measure of MacArthur, and discerned a weakness.

但他已经衡量了麦克阿瑟的水平，并发现了一个弱点。

In early November, Mao sent small cadres of troops to attack all along the approaching American front.

11月初，毛泽东派遣小股骨干部队沿美国前线进攻。

Then his men pulled back in what looked like a full retreat.

然后他的部下撤退，看起来像是全面撤退。

Bill Mills: The Chinese hit hard.

比尔·米尔斯：中国队受到了沉重打击。

Then they just disappeared.

然后他们就消失了。

There was…

有……

nothing out there anymore.

外面什么也没有了。

MacArthur said, ''Full speed ahead,''again.

麦克阿瑟再次说道：“全速前进”。

Hampton Sides: This became part of the strategy, which is to lure the Americans further into North Korea, have them penetrate deeply and then ultimately surround them.

汉普顿·塞德斯：这成为了战略的一部分，即引诱美国人进一步深入朝鲜，让他们深入渗透，然后最终包围他们。

There's a certain shrewdness about Mao.

毛泽东有一定的精明。

He knows who he's dealing with.

他知道他在和谁打交道。

He knows that MacArthur is quite, quite arrogant.

他知道麦克阿瑟非常非常傲慢。

This is a strategy that plays into that arrogance.

这是一种助长这种傲慢态度的策略。

Martin Overholt, U.S. Marine Corps: We had interrogated North Korean prisoners, North Korean civilians, and even a few Chinese.

马丁·奥沃霍特，美国海军陆战队：我们审问了朝鲜囚犯、朝鲜平民，甚至还有一些中国人。

And the, what we learned from all these interrogations was that there are large amounts of Chinese army on the other side of the Yalu River, which is the border between North Korea and Manchuria.

而且，我们从所有这些审讯中了解到，鸭绿江对岸，也就是朝鲜和满洲里的边界，有大量的中国军队。

And we passed the word to division.

我们把这个词传递给了部门。

Division passed it to Corps.

师将其传递给军团。

Corps passed it to Army, which was MacArthur and he disbelieved that.

军团将其传递给了陆军，即麦克阿瑟，但他不相信这一点。

He said, ''Nah.

他说：“不。”

They'll, they're not gonna come into Korea.''

他们不会，他们不会进入韩国。”

Sam Folsom: They couldn't seem to accept that, yes, the Chinese are coming down.

萨姆·福尔瑟姆：他们似乎无法接受，是的，中国人正在衰落。

Even when the first fingers touched us, it wasn't accepted.

即使当第一根手指触碰我们时，也没有被接受。

''That, this doesn't mean anything.''It was, it was that sort of thing in the headquarters, ''[SCOFFS].''

“那个，这没有任何意义。”“是的，总部就是这样的事情，”[SCOFFS]。”

Stanley Weintraub: Mao lured American troops quite literally to the Yalu, and they were surrounded on all sides.

斯坦利·温特劳布（Stanley Weintraub）：毛泽东确实将美军引诱到鸭绿江，他们被四面包围。

Narrator: The worst of the Chinese onslaught landed on the First Marine Division, then under the command of General Oliver P.

旁白：中国军队最猛烈的攻击袭击了海军陆战队第一师，当时由奥利弗·P·肯尼迪将军指挥。

Smith.

史密斯.

Soft-spoken and cautious, Smith had doubted the wisdom of MacArthur's headlong march to the Chinese border.

史密斯说话轻声细语，态度谨慎，他曾怀疑麦克阿瑟轻率进军中国边境是否明智。

And now the consequences of MacArthur's boldness were falling on Smith and his men.

现在，麦克阿瑟的大胆行为所带来的后果落在了史密斯和他的部下身上。

Hampton Sides: He realizes that it's a completely different war now.

汉普顿·赛德斯：他意识到现在这是一场完全不同的战争。

The advance to the Yalu, as far as he's concerned, is over.

对他来说，向鸭绿江的挺进已经结束了。

He genuinely feared that the entire First Marine Division was in jeopardy, that it could be wiped out.

他真心担心整个陆战第一师都处于危险之中，可能会被全军覆没。

His job now was to figure out a way out of this trap.

他现在的任务就是想办法摆脱这个陷阱。

Narrator: At least six Chinese divisions—some sixty-thousand troops—were on the attack against Smith's loosely consolidated fifteen-thousand.

旁白：至少有六个中国师——大约六万人——正在攻击史密斯松散整合的一万五千人。

Smith understood that his own headquarters—at the village of Hagaru—was on critical ground.

史密斯明白，他自己位于下碣村的总部正处于危急时刻。

Hagaru had not yet been attacked, but Smith knew the Chinese were coming.

下碣还没有遭到袭击，但史密斯知道中国人就要来了。

The crossroads town had to be held …

十字路口小镇必须坚守……

if there was to be any hope of extracting his endangered men.

是否有希望营救他的濒危人员。

Gail Shisler: Hagaru was very thinly defended.

盖尔·希斯勒：下碴的防守非常薄弱。

There really weren't very many combat troops there at all.

那里确实没有多少战斗部队。

General Smith had had cooks, and bakers, and PX people, and he had the engineers that were building the field.

史密斯将军有厨师、面包师和 PX 人员，他还有正在建设该领域的工程师。

It was a really motley crew.

这真是一支杂乱无章的队伍。

Narrator: While American fighter planes kept the Chinese pinned down, the engineers worked to finish construction of the airstrip, so pilots could fly in reinforcements and evacuate the wounded.

旁白：虽然美国战斗机一直压制着中国人，但工程师们仍在努力完成机场的建设，以便飞行员可以乘飞机增援并疏散伤员。

Smith deployed almost every man at his disposal to defend the perimeter of Hagaru; many at a spot called East Hill, the high ground that rose above the ammunition dump.

史密斯部署了几乎所有可以调遣的人来保卫下碣鲁的周边。许多人聚集在一个叫东山的地方，这是高于弹药库的高地。

John Y.

约翰·Y.

Lee, Republic of Korea Army: Ammunitions are coming.

韩国陆军李：弹药来了。

They just drop.

他们只是掉落。

Every hour just drop and drop, drop.

每个小时就滴滴滴。

It was my job to get the supply by airdrops.

我的工作是通过空投获得物资。

And the Chinese start to fire at, at us when we are picking up the supplies.

当我们领取物资时，中国人开始向我们开火。

Narrator: The vital airdrops ceased as darkness descended on Hagaru just before five o'clock on November 28th; the men dug in to hold East Hill could see the engineers, at work under floodlights, racing to finish the airstrip below.

旁白：11 月 28 日下午 5 点左右，夜色降临下碇，至关重要的空投停止了。坚守东山的士兵们可以看到工程师们在泛光灯下工作，竞相完成下面的机场跑道。

A light snow began to fall at around eight o'clock, and for the next few hours all was quiet but for the scrape and roar of the bulldozers below.

八点左右开始下起了小雪，接下来的几个小时里，除了下面推土机的刮擦声和轰鸣声，一切都很安静。

Richard Carey, U.S. Marine Corps: The Chinese recognized the fact that East Hill was the key so they really concentrated on it that night.

理查德·凯里，美国海军陆战队：中国人认识到东山是关键，所以那天晚上他们真正集中精力。

We were at the bottom to halfway up the hill and not with infantry forces.

我们在山脚到半山腰，没有步兵。

We had engineers, artillery men, cooks and bakers, whoever we could gather.

我们有工程师、炮兵、厨师和面包师，无论我们能聚集到什么人。

You have to do it.

你必须这么做。

You have to hold it.

你必须抓住它。

Dr. Stanley Wolf, U.S. Navy: You hear a mortar shell coming.

美国海军斯坦利·沃尔夫博士：你听到迫击炮弹飞来。

Wooo, and then boom.

呜呜，然后轰隆隆。

And then you'd hear a scream.

然后你会听到一声尖叫。

Somebody had been hit.

有人被击中了。

The Chinese were just coming, and coming, and coming, and we were scared.

中国人来了，来了，来了，我们很害怕。

I have to tell you.

我必须告诉你。

I mean you never get ready for that.

我的意思是你永远不会为此做好准备。

Manert Kennedy: It wasn't typical sorts of warfare that we had learned during our training as young Marines: that there would be enemy coming at us in, in these huge numbers with, with very little regard for their own safety.

马纳特·肯尼迪：这不是我们在年轻海军陆战队训练期间学到的典型战争类型：敌人会向我们发起进攻，数量如此之多，却很少考虑自己的安全。

Richard Carey: The only way they could overwhelm us was with sheer force of numbers.

理查德·凯里：他们压倒我们的唯一方法就是凭借绝对的人数优势。

The first wave would all have weapons.

第一波都会有武器。

The second wave wouldn't all have weapons.

第二波不会全部都有武器。

They would pick up weapons of the first wave.

他们会拿起第一波的武器。

And the third wave would be commissars with burp guns; nobody retreats.

第三波将是带有打嗝枪的政委；没有人撤退。

Hampton Sides: Smith's men were hugely outnumbered.

汉普顿赛德斯：史密斯的人在数量上远远落后。

The Chinese divisions were coming in from all sides and Smith was really doubtful whether Hagaru could actually hold.

中国师从四面八方涌来，史密斯真的很怀疑下碣是否真的能守住。

Narrator: While the makeshift units struggled to hold Hagaru, their fellow Marines west of the reservoir were preparing for a second night of attack.

旁白：当临时部队奋力守住下碇时，他们在水库以西的海军陆战队战友正在为第二晚的攻击做准备。

Bill Mills: I had no idea what was coming.

比尔·米尔斯：我不知道会发生什么。

I knew it'd be bad and I hope I, I was just, you know, I hope I can do what I was supposed to do and don't let anybody down.

我知道这会很糟糕，我希望我，我只是，你知道，我希望我能做我应该做的事情，不要让任何人失望。

Juan Balleza: You learn to control your emotions.

胡安·巴莱萨：你要学会控制自己的情绪。

You pledge yourself to fight for your buddy and he has the same to fight for me.

你发誓要为你的伙伴而战，他也同样要为我而战。

So he's not gonna leave me there and I'm not gonna leave him there either.

所以他不会把他留在那里，我也不会把他留在那里。

Thomas Cork, U.S. Marine Corps: You reach back and found out what you were made of.

托马斯·科克（Thomas Cork），美国海军陆战队：当你回过头来，就会发现你是由什么组成的。

It's not…

这不是……

trying to be heroic or anything.

试图成为英雄或其他什么。

But you are out there to do a job and if you don't do it, it's not only gonna get you killed, it's gonna get your whole outfit killed.

但你出去工作是为了做一份工作，如果你不去做，不仅会害死你，还会害死你的整个团队。

John Parkinson: they really came down on us.

约翰·帕金森：他们真的对我们下手了。

They overrun our position.

他们超越了我们的阵地。

Our machine guns were firing so hot and heavy they were burning the barrels out.

我们的机枪开火又热又重，把枪管都烧坏了。

Werner Reininger: There were a few times that I actually had to take the damn machine gun and turn it all the way around and fire over the heads of our own men that were behind us because they were breaking through.

沃纳·赖宁格：有几次，我实际上不得不拿起那把该死的机枪，把它完全调转方向，朝我们身后的人的头顶开火，因为他们正在突破。

Bob Ezell: Now they're starting to move up the hill and we were shooting at ‘em.

鲍勃·埃泽尔：现在他们开始向山上移动，我们正在向他们射击。

And so now I'm firing and people are starting to run through on the side of the rocks that way from us, maybe five, ten yards that way.

现在我开枪了，人们开始从离我们较远的岩石一侧跑过去，大概有五、十码远。

So my rifle jams now.

所以我的步枪现在卡壳了。

And this guy throws a hand grenade over.

这家伙扔了一枚手榴弹。

I took one step and the hand grenade went off.

我迈出一步，手榴弹就爆炸了。

I feel myself flying through the air but I don't feel myself hit the ground.

我感觉自己在空中飞翔，但没有感觉自己落地。

Werner Reininger: I think it was a mortar that hit right in the hole.

Werner Reininger：我认为是迫击炮击中了洞。

And I flew up out in the air and I landed on the ground.

我飞到了空中，然后落在了地上。

And I looked around and I thought, ''Hey, some poor guys lost a leg.''[CHUCKLES] And I got up.

我环顾四周，心想，“嘿，一些可怜的家伙失去了一条腿。”[笑]然后我站了起来。

I fell flat on my face.

我脸朝下摔倒了。

And I looked down and there was that leg laying over there and that poor guy was me.

我低头一看，那条腿躺在那儿，那个可怜的家伙就是我。

It was my right leg was gone at the knee.

我的右腿膝盖处已经没了。

John Parkinson: I prayed that night for the first time in my life.

约翰·帕金森：那天晚上是我一生中第一次祈祷。

''God, don't let me die.

“上帝啊，不要让我死。

Not h— [PAUSE] [CRYING], not here, not this far from home.

不——[暂停][哭泣]，不在这里，不离家这么远。

I just wanna see the sun come up one more time.

我只是想再看一次太阳升起。

Just give me another day.''

再给我一天吧。”

Narrator: When the first light of morning rose, the Chinese retreated back to their daytime hiding spots.

旁白：当清晨的第一缕曙光升起时，中国人就撤退到了白天的藏身之处。

The Marines still held all of Hagaru, as well the crucial hills around Yudam-ni.

海军陆战队仍然控制着整个下碇以及柳潭里周围的重要山丘。

The cost had been dear.

代价是昂贵的。

Bill Mills: I found this one Marine.

比尔·米尔斯：我找到了这位海军陆战队员。

He was on top of the hill.

他在山顶上。

He was in a hole that, I thought he was dead.

他在一个洞里，我以为他死了。

He wasn't nothing or moving at all but you could see his eyes moving.

他什么都没有，也没有动，但你可以看到他的眼睛在动。

His face was all ashen gray and, and we picked him up and we…

他的脸呈灰白色，我们把他抱起来，然后……

carried and drug him down the hill to the aid station.

把他抬下山，送到救助站并给他注射药物。

John Parkinson: They had fellas all over the floor, on straw mats, under blankets and doing the best they could for ‘em.

约翰·帕金森：他们的人遍布地板上、草席上、毯子下，并竭尽全力为他们服务。

The odds were against trying to save a guy, but yet fellas that had gutshot wounds, I mean bad, bad gutshot wounds, it was so cold the blood froze and these guys managed to survive.

想要拯救一个人是不可能的，但是那些受了内伤的人，我的意思是非常非常严重的内伤，天气太冷了，血液都结冰了，这些人都活了下来。

Guys without a leg from here down.

从这里下来，那些没有腿的人。

It so cold that everything congealed and they managed to live.

天气太冷了，一切都凝结了，他们还是活了下来。

They'd lost their leg but they were still alive.

他们失去了一条腿，但还活着。

Dr Stanley Wolf: Everything was complicated by exposure to extreme cold.

斯坦利·沃尔夫博士：由于暴露在极冷的环境中，一切都变得复杂。

They had stopped bleeding because the area froze and as they thawed they started bleeding and we discovered four or five additional bullet holes.

他们已经停止流血，因为该区域结冰了，当他们解冻时，他们开始流血，我们发现了另外四五个弹孔。

You did the best you could do and when you finished you moved on to the next patient.

您已尽力而为，完成后，您将继续治疗下一个患者。

John Edward Gray: They tried to…

约翰·爱德华·格雷：他们试图……

cover ‘em with blankets, or tents, or anything else they could against the cold but they, they'd still freeze to death.

用毯子、帐篷或其他任何可以抵御寒冷的东西盖住他们，但他们仍然会冻死。

Narrator: That morning's after-battle reports were sobering.

旁白：那天早上的战后报告发人深省。

General O.P.

将军 O.P.

Smith wasn't sure how much longer the men at Yudam-ni could hold on.

史密斯不确定柳潭里的人们还能坚持多久。

There was little word from the badly outnumbered Army units on the east side of the reservoir.

水库东侧数量严重不足的陆军部队几乎没有任何消息。

Even worse: the Chinese had now driven far south of Hagaru, cut the main supply road behind Smith, and attacked the First Marine garrison at Koto-ri—just eleven miles away.

更糟糕的是：中国人现在已经驱至下碇以南很远的地方，切断了史密斯身后的主要补给道路，并袭击了仅十一英里外的江东里的第一海军陆战队驻地。

Hampton Sides: Smith was really worried that Hagaru was going to fall and that, that the fighting at East Hill was reaching a critical point.

汉普顿赛德斯：史密斯真的很担心下碴会陷落，而且东山的战斗已经达到了关键点。

He needed, desperately needed reinforcements.

他需要，迫切需要援军。

Richard Carey: We needed more tanks, more infantry, we needed people to reinforce.

理查德·凯里：我们需要更多的坦克、更多的步兵，我们需要人员增援。

Narrator: Just before ten o'clock on the third morning of the battle, at Smith's order, 922 men left Koto-ri to reinforce Hagaru.

旁白：战斗第三天早上十点左右，根据史密斯的命令，922人离开江东里增援下碣。

Under the direction of British Lt.

在英国中尉的指挥下

Col.

上校

Douglas Drysdale, the task force comprised 235 British commandos with a few attached American units, 141 supply vehicles and 29 tanks.

道格拉斯·德赖斯代尔 (Douglas Drysdale) 领导的特遣部队由 235 名英国突击队员和一些附属的美国部队、141 辆补给车和 29 辆坦克组成。

Hampton Sides: Smith felt that if Drysdale didn't make it, Hagaru would not hold and that would lead to the destruction of the entire division.

汉普顿赛德斯：史密斯认为，如果德赖斯代尔没能晋级，下碴就无法守住，这将导致整个师的毁灭。

The Chinese knew what was going on and they did not want to let those guys through.

中国人知道发生了什么事，他们不想让那些家伙通过。

Bob Harbula, U.S. Marine Corps: It started out well but it took time.

鲍勃·哈布拉（Bob Harbula），美国海军陆战队：一开始不错，但需要时间。

And then we ran into a lot of machine gun, mortar, heavy mortar fire and we got bogged down.

然后我们遇到了很多机枪、迫击炮、重型迫击炮火力，我们陷入了困境。

You got wounded and dead Marines you're putting on trucks, trucks are being blowed up.

你把海军陆战队员打伤打死，然后把它们装上卡车，卡车被炸毁。

They're being shot up, and as each truck stopped the men on that truck had to protect that truck.

他们被射击，当每辆卡车停下来时，卡车上的人必须保护那辆卡车。

That was their war.

那是他们的战争。

You didn't know what was happening two trucks in front of you or two trucks behind you.

你不知道你前面的两辆卡车或你后面的两辆卡车发生了什么。

Narrator: The Chinese cut off and destroyed the middle of Drysdale's convoy; the men at the rear turned and fought their way back to Koto-ri.

旁白：中国人切断并摧毁了德赖斯代尔车队的中部；后面的人转身杀回江东里。

Drysdale radioed Smith to report the unfolding disaster.

德赖斯代尔通过无线电向史密斯报告了正在发生的灾难。

Bob Harbula: When Drysdale called General Smith and he wanted to know if he should turn around and go back to Koto-ri and General Smith knew that he had to have these reinforcements, it was so desperate in Hagaru, that he told them to come ahead at all cost.

鲍勃·哈布拉：当德赖斯代尔打电话给史密斯将军时，他想知道他是否应该掉头返回江东里，史密斯将军知道他必须得到这些增援，因为下碴的情况如此绝望，所以他告诉他们不惜一切代价前去。

I told Joe, my assistant gunner, I says, ''This doesn't look good, Joe.''

我告诉我的助理炮手乔，“这看起来不太好，乔。”

Narrator: They were ten hours behind schedule, and a little less than half the men remained.

旁白：他们比预定时间晚了十个小时，剩下的人还不到一半。

But Task Force Drysdale – including 16 of its 29 tanks—did manage to straggle into Hagaru.

但德赖斯代尔特遣部队——包括其 29 辆坦克中的 16 辆——确实成功地进入了下碣。

''To the slender infantry garrison …

“对于瘦弱的步兵驻军……

were added a tank company and some three hundred seasoned infantry,''a much relieved O.P.

又增加了一个坦克连和大约三百名经验丰富的步兵。”O.P. 松了口气。

Smith noted.

史密斯指出。

He now had the forces to hold the crucial ground around East Hill.

他现在拥有了守住东山周围关键阵地的兵力。

Bob Harbula: When we came into Hagaru they said, ''Put your men over here in this field and get some sleep.''You couldn't build fires, we couldn't dig foxholes.

鲍勃·哈布拉（Bob Harbula）：当我们进入下碇鲁时，他们说：“让你们的人到这片田地里去睡一会儿。”你们不能生火，我们也不能挖散兵坑。

Everything was frozen like a rock so we, there was some dead Chinese bodies laying around so we stacked some of them up to keep the wind off of us.

一切都像岩石一样冻结，所以我们周围有一些中国人的尸体，所以我们把其中一些堆起来以挡风。

Narrator: The condition of the Army unit in the mountains east of the reservoir was still largely unknown.

旁白：水库以东山区的陆军部队的情况仍然很大程度上未知。

General Smith's headquarters had no contact with the commander now in charge, Lt.

史密斯将军的总部与现在负责的指挥官中尉没有联系。

Col.

上校

Don Faith.

唐·费思.

The men down on the ground were growing anxious.

地上的人越来越焦急。

John Edward Gray: The Chinese forces were increasing all the time.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：中国的力量一直在增加。

We had a throng around us.

我们周围有一大群人。

It looked like an entire division or a division and a half.

它看起来像是一个整个师或一个半师。

Grant McMillin: We were running out of ammunition, we were running out of gasoline for the vehicles, we hadn't had any food really for a couple days.

格兰特·麦克米林：我们的弹药快用完了，车辆的汽油也用完了，我们已经好几天没有吃东西了。

The planes came in and dropped the wrong supplies to us, 40-millimeter rounds for 50-caliber machine guns.

飞机飞来并给我们投下了错误的补给品：50 口径机枪所用的 40 毫米子弹。

We were running out of everything including people and we knew it.

我们知道，我们的一切都已经耗尽，包括人员。

Ray Vallowe, U.S. Army: Somebody was prompting us that, ''Well, the tanks are trying to break through to you.''And well after a couple of days of this say, ''Well, we've heard that one before 'cause if we're gonna, we're gonna hear ‘em before we'll ever see ‘em 'cause they make so much noise and we don't hear anything.''We don't hear anything.

雷·瓦洛（Ray Vallowe），美国陆军：有人提示我们，“好吧，坦克正试图突破你们。”几天后，我们说，“好吧，我们以前听到过这样的声音，因为如果我们要去的话，我们会在看到它们之前就听到它们，因为它们发出如此大的噪音，而我们什么也听不到。”我们什么也没听到。

Faith's men were starting to lose all hope, when a helicopter carrying the Army's divisional commander flew into their shrinking perimeter.

当一架载着陆军师指挥官的直升机飞进他们不断缩小的防线时，费斯的部下开始失去所有希望。

John Edward Gray: We were exhilarated for a moment because we thought help was on its way.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们当时很兴奋，因为我们认为援助即将到来。

Here was our division commander.

这是我们的师长。

He's showing concern.

他表现出关心。

Here he was.

他来了。

That means help must, must be on its way.

这意味着援助必须、必须在路上。

But that wasn't the message.

但那不是消息。

Grant McMillin: The general said, ''You're gonna get no help.''We had to fight our own way out.

格兰特·麦克米林：将军说，“你不会得到任何帮助。”我们必须自己争取出路。

Narrator: By the time General Douglas MacArthur left his headquarters in Tokyo to reckon the damage, he appeared to have lost his characteristic self-confidence.

旁白：当道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军离开东京总部去计算损失时，他似乎已经失去了他特有的自信。

Gail Shisler: It must have just shaken him right down to the ground to have this happen.

盖尔·希斯勒：一定是他被震倒在地才会发生这种事。

It just was not in his game plan.

这只是不在他的比赛计划中。

I, I don't think he could understand it.

我，我认为他无法理解。

Narrator: The Chinese had redrawn the battle map in less than seventy-two hours.

旁白：中国人在不到七十二小时的时间内重新绘制了战斗地图。

MacArthur's army in the west of Korea was in headlong retreat, having abandoned supplies and weapons to Mao's forces.

麦克阿瑟的军队在朝鲜西部正在急速撤退，放弃了给毛泽东军队的补给和武器。

His First Marine Division at the Chosin Reservoir, outnumbered in some places by more than ten-to-one, was threatened with extinction.

他在长津水库驻扎的海军陆战第一师在某些地方的人数比超过十比一，面临着灭亡的威胁。

Sam Folsom: MacArthur came over.

萨姆·福尔瑟姆：麦克阿瑟过来了。

I was there.

我在那里。

I watched him get out of the airplane and he was a distraught individual at that point.

我看着他走下飞机，当时他心烦意乱。

He had been winning a war.

他一直在赢得一场战争。

It was over then all of a sudden he was losing it.

一切都结束了，突然之间他就失去了它。

He was to me at that moment a damaged and distraught old man.

在那一刻，他对我来说是一个受伤、心烦意乱的老人。

John Edward Gray: Every newspaper and every, every magazine was just full of the news.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：每份报纸、每本杂志都充满了新闻。

My wife didn't know anything about the details of it but the headlines are big and broad.

我的妻子对此事的细节一无所知，但头条新闻很大而且很广泛。

''31st Infantry Annihilated.''

“第 31 步兵团被歼灭。”

John Parkinson: My father kept a collection of newspaper clippings and there are stories that the Marine Corps has been annihilated, it's a lost legion, Marine Corps is trapped, they're isolated.

约翰·帕金森：我父亲收藏了一些剪报，有一些故事说海军陆战队已被歼灭，这是一支迷失的军团，海军陆战队被困，他们被孤立了。

The, the papers had given up on us.

报纸已经放弃了我们。

Watson Crumbie: My wife had lost a brother aboard the USS Arizona at Pearl Harbor and she was thinking that I might, she might lose me.

沃森·克鲁比：我的妻子在珍珠港的亚利桑那号航空母舰上失去了一个兄弟，她认为我可能会失去我。

Gail Shisler: My grandmother would have been listening on the radio when one of the famous broadcasters of the time said, ''If anyone has a son or a, a husband in the First Marine Division pray for them.

盖尔·希斯勒：当时一位著名的广播员说：“如果有人在海军陆战队第一师有儿子或丈夫，请为他们祈祷。”我的祖母可能正在听广播。

They may be lost.''

他们可能会迷路。”

Narrator: President Harry Truman's national security advisers in the White House had been struggling to adjust themselves to a new reality in the days since Mao's spectacular attack.

旁白：自毛泽东发动大规模袭击以来，杜鲁门总统在白宫的国家安全顾问一直在努力调整自己以适应新的现实。

They admitted among themselves that the United States lacked the resources to defeat the Chinese in a protracted war in Korea.

他们彼此承认，美国缺乏在朝鲜持久战中击败中国的资源。

The best they could hope for was to draw a line somewhere on the peninsula, shore it up, hand it over to the South Koreans, and get out with some measure of honor intact.

他们最好的希望就是在半岛的某个地方画一条线，加固它，把它交给韩国人，然后带着某种程度的荣誉完好无损地离开。

But top officials at the Pentagon weren't sure they had enough troops to hold any line.

但五角大楼的高级官员不确定他们是否有足够的部队来坚守阵地。

Press reports filled with talk of World War III …

新闻报道充满了第三次世界大战的谈论……

and of the Soviet Union rolling into Western Europe while the US was distracted in Asia.

苏联大举进军西欧，而美国却在亚洲分心。

Truman even hinted he was willing to unleash the atomic bomb in defense of South Korea.

杜鲁门甚至暗示他愿意使用原子弹来保卫韩国。

President Harry Truman (V.O.): ''If aggression is successful in Korea, we can expect it to spread throughout Asia and Europe and to this hemisphere.

哈里·杜鲁门总统（画外音）：“如果侵略在朝鲜取得成功，我们可以预期它会蔓延到整个亚洲、欧洲以及这个半球。

We are fighting in Korea for our own national security and survival.''

我们在韩国是为了我们自己的国家安全和生存而战。”

Hampton Sides: No one really seems to have the answer but Truman is very clear that he is not gonna give up Korea.

汉普顿·塞德斯：似乎没有人真正知道答案，但杜鲁门非常清楚，他不会放弃韩国。

This is a tremendously significant moment in, in American history and that the talk is that our very civilization is on the line here.

这是美国历史上一个极其重要的时刻，人们谈论的是我们的文明正处于危险之中。

Narrator: The U.S. commanders on the ground in Korea got little direction from Washington; the Pentagon did give them leave to abandon northeast Korea and to get the First Marines out to safety.

旁白：驻韩美军指挥官几乎没有得到华盛顿方面的指示；五角大楼确实允许他们放弃朝鲜东北部并将第一海军陆战队队员转移到安全地带。

But this was no simple mission.

但这不是一个简单的任务。

General O.P.

将军 O.P.

Smith's men would have to make their way from the top of the Chosin Reservoir through Hagaru, Koto-ri and all the way to the Sea of Japan; seventy-eight miles into the teeth of a subarctic winter, through tens of thousands of Chinese soldiers waiting in the high ground above the single road out.

史密斯的部队必须从长津水库顶部穿过下碇、江东里，一直到达日本海；七十八英里的亚北极严冬，数以万计的中国士兵在高地等待着出境。

Hampton Sides: Military historians have always said that a fighting withdrawal is the most difficult maneuver to pull off successfully.

汉普顿·赛德斯：军事历史学家总是说，战斗撤退是最难成功实施的策略。

Everything has to be perfectly timed with close air support, with artillery, with getting the casualties out at the right moment.

一切都必须完美时机，包括近距离空中支援、火炮，以及在正确的时刻将伤员救出。

It's a very, very complex operation.

这是一个非常非常复杂的操作。

John Haffeman: The division was getting geared up, they were burning a lot of things, they were getting rid of a lot of weapons, things that weren't usable and we were gonna start our way back south.

约翰·哈夫曼：该师正在做好准备，他们烧毁了很多东西，他们扔掉了很多武器，以及那些无法使用的东西，我们要开始返回南方。

Narrator: On December 1, after four long nights of fighting off enemy attacks, the First Marines on the west side of the reservoir began their perilous journey.

旁白：12月1日，经过四个漫漫长夜的奋战，水库西侧的第一陆战队员开始了危险的征程。

Richard Carey: You only had one road, one point of entry and egress on each side of the reservoir and up to the reservoir, dirt road, one lane, flanked by hills on either side, a nightmare, an absolute nightmare.

理查德·凯里：只有一条路，水库两侧各有一个入口和出口，直到水库，土路，一条车道，两侧都是山，一场噩梦，一场绝对的噩梦。

Hampton Sides: Mao thought that if he could destroy the First Marine Division this would create great fear, and doubt in Washington and cause the war to end quickly.

汉普顿·赛德斯：毛泽东认为，如果他能够摧毁海军陆战队第一师，这将在华盛顿引起极大的恐惧和怀疑，并导致战争迅速结束。

His goal was not just to punish the First Marine Division or damage them but to completely annihilate them.

他的目的不仅仅是惩罚或破坏陆一师，而是彻底歼灭他们。

Martin Overholt: The regimental train was on the road and the rifle companies were up in the hills doing the fighting and we were moving south.

马丁·奥沃霍特：团列在路上，步枪连在山上作战，我们正在向南移动。

There was firing going on up in the mountains all the time.

山上一直有枪声。

John Haffeman: We were going up hills and down hills because the enemy was all around us and you could hear firefights going on all over the place.

约翰·哈夫曼：我们上山下山，因为敌人就在我们周围，你可以听到到处都是交火声。

Bill Mills: We were taking the high ground along the way to try to cover the road wherever possible.

比尔·米尔斯：我们沿途占据制高点，尽可能地覆盖道路。

And we were going, I know this…

我们要去，我知道这一点……

up this hill and the guy next to me was from Alabama.

上了这座山，我旁边的那个人来自阿拉巴马州。

I remember him.

我记得他。

This shell went off between him and I and as it knocked me around and down but as I spun around he was falling.

这枚炮弹在他和我之间爆炸，当它把我撞倒时，但当我旋转时，他正在坠落。

He had his hand up like that and the blood was just gushing.

他的手就这样举了起来，鲜血喷涌而出。

It looked like his whole face was torn off.

看起来他的整张脸都被撕掉了。

Narrator: The First Marines had only one clear advantage in their fight south; the United States still controlled the skies.

旁白：第一海军陆战队在南下作战中只有一个明显的优势：美国仍然控制着天空。

Air Force and Marine pilots from nearby Yonpo airfield and Navy pilots from carriers in the Sea of Japan were quick to answer calls from spotters on the ground.

来自附近延浦机场的空军和海军飞行员以及来自日本海航母的海军飞行员迅速回应了地面观察员的呼叫。

Lyle Bradley, U.S. Marine Corps: Our job was just to try to keep the numbers down so the Chinese wouldn't completely overrun the Marines just by sheer numbers.

莱尔·布拉德利（Lyle Bradley），美国海军陆战队：我们的工作只是尽量减少人数，这样中国人就不会仅凭人数就完全压垮海军陆战队。

We had multiple missions almost every day.

我们几乎每天都有多个任务。

Mountain peaks are all over the place plus the fact that we had some very bad weather.

山峰遍布各处，而且我们遇到了一些非常恶劣的天气。

John Parkinson: If the sun came out it brought the planes.

约翰·帕金森：如果太阳出来了，就会带来飞机。

No sun, no planes.

没有阳光，没有飞机。

And when there's no planes the Chinese were all over us.

当没有飞机的时候，中国人就在我们身边。

Lyle Bradley: That's the big thing about this Chosin Reservoir operation.

莱尔·布拉德利：这就是长津水库运营的重大意义。

We did so much close air support, and close is really close.

我们做了很多近距离空中支援，而且距离真的很近。

Martin Overholt: Occasionally they were so low that you could actually see the face of the, of the pilot through the, through the cockpit window, you know, the glass.

马丁·奥弗霍特：有时，它们的高度很低，你实际上可以通过驾驶舱窗户（你知道，玻璃）看到飞行员的脸。

It's amazing the, the courage those guys had coming down like that.

令人惊奇的是，这些家伙有这样的勇气。

Martin Overholt: The serious stuff that we saw was napalm and that's a, a jellied gasoline.

Martin Overholt：我们看到的最严重的东西是凝固汽油弹，这是一种凝胶汽油。

Lyle Bradley: Napalm was a new device.

莱尔·布拉德利：凝固汽油弹是一种新装置。

It is very potent stuff, when that explodes it covers a big area and it can do a tremendous amount of damage.

它是一种非常强大的东西，当它爆炸时，它会覆盖很大的区域，并且会造成巨大的伤害。

Manert Kennedy: You walked through an area where the napalm had hit the enemy and their bodies were burned, the skin split and you could see the yellow fat, and there were smells that to this day I…

马纳特·肯尼迪：你走过一个被凝固汽油弹击中敌人的区域，他们的身体被烧焦，皮肤裂开，你可以看到黄色的脂肪，直到今天我还闻到了……

can't get rid of.

无法摆脱。

Narrator: The Army units east of the Chosin Reservoir were still feeling forsaken; they were holding out against a force of Chinese that outnumbered them by as much as ten-to-one.

旁白：长津水库以东的陆军部队仍然感到被抛弃；他们正在对抗一支人数比他们多十比一的中国军队。

The dead and wounded were increasing day and night.

死伤者日夜增加。

Supplies dwindled.

供给减少了。

And there had been no word from General Smith in Hagaru.

下碴的史密斯将军也没有任何消息。

Ray Vallowe: Lieutenant Colonel Faith, he said, ''Well, I've got all these wounded and I've got no, no orders to withdraw.''So he makes up his mind, we're gonna pull out of there.

雷·瓦洛：费斯中校，他说，“好吧，我已经受了这么多伤，但我没有，没有命令撤退。”所以他下定决心，我们要撤离那里。

We're gonna try to make a run for it and go back to Hagaru.

我们要设法逃跑并返回下碣。

John Edward Gray: We knew that our tank company had been at Hudong-ni, and we'd hoped maybe if we could join up with the tanks with their fire power that then we would be escorted in safely to the Marines at Hagari.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们知道我们的坦克连已经在Hudong-ni，我们希望如果我们能够与拥有火力的坦克会合，那么我们就会被安全地护送到哈加里的海军陆战队那里。

Ray Vallowe: Once we get back to the tanks we got it made.

Ray Vallowe：当我们回到坦克时，我们就成功了。

We're home free.

我们自由了。

We got supplies back there and everything.

我们在那里得到了物资和一切。

John Edward Gray: We had 400 to 450 wounded that had to be carried by truck, and the only way we could load ‘em was, was to triple deck ‘em.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们有 400 到 450 名伤员，必须用卡车运送，而我们装载他们的唯一方法是，将他们装到三层甲板上。

we stacked layers of wounded in the trucks.

我们把伤员一层一层地堆放在卡车上。

Ray Vallowe: The dead you had to leave.

Ray Vallowe：你必须离开的死者。

You had to stack ‘em on a pile and we had to leave 'em.

你必须把它们堆成一堆，而我们不得不把它们留下。

John Edward Gray: We had to strip the, the dead of their clothing in order to provide some warmth for those wounded on the trucks.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们不得不剥掉死者的衣服，以便为卡车上的伤者提供一些温暖。

We also went through the clothes, and jackets, and that sort of thing, looking for ammunition.

我们还检查了衣服、夹克之类的东西，寻找弹药。

We were so short of ammunition, it was…

我们的弹药太缺乏了，所以……

grotesque.

怪诞的。

It really was.

确实如此。

Horrible.

可怕。

Nightmare…

噩梦……

Narrator: At one o'clock on the afternoon of December 1st, Faith's soldiers started the attack south.

旁白：12月1日下午一点，费斯的士兵开始向南进攻。

They were cheered at first to hear the roar of fighter planes overhead.

听到头顶上战斗机的轰鸣声，他们一开始欢呼雀跃。

John Edward Gray: Marine aircraft came in to napalm the Chinese on the road in front of our advancing column.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：海军陆战队飞机飞来对我们前进纵队前方道路上的中国人实施凝固汽油弹。

But one of 'em had a malfunction and it was dropped too early, and it was dropped on our advancing troops.

但其中一架出现故障，过早被投下，落在了我们前进的部队身上。

Grant McMillin: There was this blast of fire and a lot of the guys that were in front of it didn't get back up.

格兰特·麦克米林：发生了大火，很多前面的人都没有站起来。

John Edward Gray: Our troops were diverted trying to put out the flames of soldiers on fire.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们的部队被转移，试图扑灭士兵着火的火焰。

It was disconcerting to say the least.

至少可以说这是令人不安的。

Ray Vallowe: We moved about a mile down the road and there was a bridge.

Ray Vallowe：我们沿着路走了大约一英里，有一座桥。

The bridge was blown.

桥被炸毁了。

Well, we were losing time; we've only moved, about two miles.

好吧，我们正在浪费时间；我们只移动了大约两英里。

My gut feeling was there's no way we're gonna get out of here.

我的直觉是我们不可能离开这里。

I mean just, just no way.

我的意思是只是，只是没办法。

John Edward Gray: We were trapped to follow the road, because that's the only way we could rescue the wounded, we could have saved ourselves by abandoning the convoy.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们被困在路上，因为这是我们营救伤员的唯一方法，我们可以通过放弃车队来拯救自己。

But to me that was a coward's approach.

但对我来说，这是懦夫的做法。

We were morally bound.

我们受到道德约束。

Grant McMillin: We got up to Hill 1221 and another truck had gone into the ditch and our driver pulled up behind them, shut the truck off, got out and disappeared.

格兰特·麦克米林：我们到达 1221 号山时，另一辆卡车掉进了沟里，我们的司机在他们后面停下来，关掉卡车，下车就消失了。

Now I don't know if that truck was still operable or why he did that but those two trucks were left there filled with wounded.

现在我不知道那辆卡车是否还能使用，也不知道他为什么这么做，但那两辆卡车都留在那里，里面装满了伤员。

That's where I was captured.

那就是我被俘虏的地方。

John Edward Gray: All the soldiers there that were still alive became prisoners of war.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：那里所有还活着的士兵都成了战俘。

But the rest of the convoy got through.

但车队的其他人都顺利通过了。

We got down to where we hoped we'd meet up with the tanks only to see ‘em gone.

我们到达了希望能与坦克会合的地方，却发现它们已经消失了。

Our hopes were dashed.

我们的希望破灭了。

Ray Vallowe: We thought we were on the goal line.

Ray Vallowe：我们以为自己在球门线上。

It's like here's our goal post.

这就像我们的球门柱。

They said, ''Sorry about that.

他们说：“对此感到抱歉。”

You're only the 50-yard line.

你只是50码线。

You've got four more miles to go.

您还有四英里路要走。

So we were totally on our own, and that's when it all fell apart.

所以我们完全靠自己，就在那时一切都崩溃了。

Sam Folsom: I flew up over the reservoir on the east side.

萨姆·福尔瑟姆：我飞到了东边的水库上空。

I could see every movement on the ground.

我可以看到地面上的每一个动作。

The Chinese were coming down the ridgeline and attacking this Army unit on the road.

中国人正从山脊线下来，攻击路上的这支陆军部队。

And I watched ‘em gradually being overwhelmed.

我看着他们逐渐不知所措。

I've been in World War II, I've seen all kinds of battles but I'd never seen US forces being destroyed like that.

我参加过第二次世界大战，见过各种各样的战斗，但我从未见过美军像这样被摧毁。

John Edward Gray: We watched one truck on fire in which the wounded, their clothing on fire, screaming in agony.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：我们看到一辆卡车着火了，伤员的衣服着火了，车里的伤员痛苦地尖叫着。

I never have felt that, so desperate in my life, and that, that I could do nothing about it.

我一生中从未有过如此绝望的感觉，而且我对此无能为力。

Ray Vallowe: Most of us have already calculated the situation.

Ray Vallowe：我们大多数人已经计算过情况。

Said, well we've done everything we can.

说，好吧，我们已经尽力了。

It was like every man for himself at that point.

那时每个人都只顾自己。

John Edward Gray: You would either become a captive or you would try to save the men that were with you and get across the reservoir.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：你要么成为俘虏，要么尝试拯救和你在一起的人并穿过水库。

And we had a wild scramble across the ice, I lost my helmet in the panic.

我们在冰面上疯狂地攀爬，我在惊慌中丢了头盔。

I, I lost my compass off of my pistol belt and, and I fell down several times.

我，我把指南针从手枪腰带上掉下来了，然后，我摔倒了好几次。

My wounded thigh was just killing me.

我受伤的大腿简直要了我的命。

I told one of the guys, ''Leave me here.

我告诉其中一个人，“把我留在这里。”

I can't make it any further.

我已经无法再继续下去了

I'm spent.

我已经精疲力尽了

Stanley Wolf: We got a call that, ''Doc, clear the deck.

斯坦利·沃尔夫：我们接到一个电话，“医生，清理甲板。”

You've got multiple casualties coming in.''And here come over a period of about three days several hundred Army casualties, and many of ‘em had been out on the ice for two and three days.

已经有多人伤亡。”大约三天的时间里，有数百名陆军伤亡，其中许多人已经在冰上呆了两三天了。

When they came in these men were frozen, literally frozen.

当他们进来时，这些人都冻僵了，真的冻僵了。

Grant McMillin: Out of that 2500 guys about that we had I think that they got 385 guys back to the Marines that were fit to fight.

格兰特·麦克米林：在我们拥有的 2500 名人员中，我认为他们有 385 名适合战斗的人回到了海军陆战队。

That's a pretty high casualty rate.

这是一个相当高的伤亡率。

John Edward Gray: When we finally walked in to Hagari, we were like walking corpses from having been neglected for five days.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：当我们最终走进哈加里时，我们就像行尸走肉一样，因为已经被忽视了五天。

Narrator: As the remains of the Army unit made it into Hagaru, the withdrawing Marine convoy west of the reservoir paused about five miles away.

旁白：当陆军部队的残部进入下碇鲁时，撤退的海军陆战队车队在水库以西大约五英里处停下来。

They rescued what was left of the single infantry company that had been holding the crucial pass above the road for the previous five days.

他们营救了过去五天里一直守卫道路上方关键通道的唯一步兵连的残骸。

Less than half the men at the pass were battle ready.

山口只有不到一半的人做好了战斗准备。

Nearly all were suffering frostbite or gnawing hunger.

几乎所有人都遭受冻伤或饥饿。

Bodies of dead Marines were stacked, frozen, between the aid tents.

死去的海军陆战队员的尸体被冰冻地堆放在救援帐篷之间。

Bob Boulden: To bring all of our dead and our wounded that we could, that was just a Marine tradition.

鲍勃·博尔登：尽可能运送所有死者和伤者，这只是海军陆战队的传统。

As long as we were able we'd carry them with us.

只要我们有能力，我们就会随身携带它们。

Martin Overholt: Most of the wounded were able to walk and those that couldn't walk rode on vehicles but they were piled up on, on trucks, and on the backs of tanks, and on artillery pieces.

马丁·奥弗霍特：大多数伤员能够行走，而那些不能行走的人则乘坐车辆，但他们都堆放在卡车上、坦克背面和火炮上。

Jack Haffeman: There were sniper fire and walking alongside the convoy were troops, and when there wasn't any firing going on they'd come and crowd around the Jeep, try to get warm, and the, if the convoy continued we had to tell ‘em, you know, ''You're gonna have to walk again.''And these poor guys maybe got ten, 15 minutes sleep and then they were back up again.

杰克·哈夫曼：有狙击手开火，沿着车队走的是军队，当没有任何射击发生时，他们会聚集在吉普车周围，试图取暖，如果车队继续前进，我们必须告诉他们，你知道，“你将不得不再次步行。”这些可怜的家伙可能睡了十到十五分钟，然后他们又回来了。

Watson Crumbie: We didn't have a chance to sleep so you'd fall asleep walking.

Watson Crumbie：我们没有机会睡觉，所以你会在走路时睡着。

And there was no food, no water.

而且没有食物，没有水。

Thomas Cork: All of us were kind of like in a daze because we were just kind of worn out.

托马斯·科克：我们所有人都有点发呆，因为我们有点疲惫了。

Just completely exhausted.

简直筋疲力尽了。

Hampton Sides: The Chinese are constantly throwing up roadblocks: logs, and, and rocks, and boulders.

汉普顿赛德斯：中国人不断地设置路障：原木、岩石和巨石。

Anything to slow down the convoy so they can begin to attack them.

任何可以减慢车队速度的事情，这样他们就可以开始攻击他们。

At every, every twist and turn as they work their way south they encounter something.

当他们向南前进时，每一次的曲折都会遇到一些事情。

John Parkinson: We were on the road there and the whole column come to a complete halt, and I says, ''Why is the column standing still?''He says, ''We got prisoners all over the road.

约翰·帕金森：我们在路上，整个纵队完全停了下来，我说，“为什么纵队静止不动？”他说，“路上到处都是囚犯。”

They were sitting on the edge of the road along the cliffs in the middle of the road and they wouldn't move.

他们坐在路中间的悬崖边上，一动不动。

So I went up further and right then and there I lost it.

所以我又往上走，就在那时我失去了它。

I see these prisoners.

我看到这些囚犯。

They were done.

他们完成了。

They were out of it.

他们已经摆脱了困境。

They were shot up and I didn't realize it.

他们被枪杀了，我却没有意识到。

I took my M-1 by the stacking swivel and I started swinging at ‘em, ''Get off the road, get off the road, get out of the way, get going.

我拿着我的 M-1 的堆叠旋转装置，开始向他们挥舞，“离开道路，离开道路，让开，走吧。”

Move, move.''And they would roll over and these guys had no legs, no arms, their bodies were blown apart, their feet were black with frost.

移动，移动。”“他们会翻滚，这些家伙没有腿，没有手臂，他们的身体被炸得四分五裂，他们的脚被霜冻得黑色。

And I said to myself, ''Oh my God.

我对自己说：‘天哪。

What are you doing?

你在干什么？

You're a maniac.''You're not the same person.

你是个疯子。”“你们已经不是同一个人了。

You're a different person, you're just something you never thought you'd be.

你是一个不同的人，你只是你从未想过自己会成为的人。

Narrator: Men inside the Hagaru garrison heard the rumble of trucks just before seven o'clock on the evening of December 3rd, the end of first full week of the battle.

旁白：12 月 3 日晚七点前，即战斗的第一周结束时，下碣要塞内的士兵听到了卡车的隆隆声。

Then they spotted the lights at the head of the Marine convoy from Yudam-ni moving toward the northernmost checkpoint of the perimeter.

然后他们发现来自柳潭里的海军陆战队车队最前面的灯光亮起，正在向边界最北端的检查站行进。

Martin Overholt: As we got near the lines we were aware that we were getting into Hagaru-ri.

Martin Overholt：当我们接近警戒线时，我们意识到我们正在进入 Hagaru-ri。

Somebody said, ''Count cadence, count!''And they start, people started getting in step.

有人说，“数节奏，数！”他们开始，人们开始步调一致。

You could hear the shoepacks, first clumpity-clump-clump-clumpity.

你可以听到鞋盒的声音，首先是“丛-丛-丛-丛”的声音。

And then they were, clump-clump-clump.

然后它们就变成了，丛——丛——丛。

People were getting in step.

人们步调一致。

We were marching.

我们正在游行。

Watson Crumbie: We marched into Hagaru.

Watson Crumbie：我们进军下碣町。

The sound of feet crunching in the frozen ice.

脚踩在冰冻的冰面上发出嘎吱嘎吱的声音。

Someone watching them said, ''Look at those bastards, those magnificent bastards.''

有人看着他们说：“看看那些混蛋，那些了不起的混蛋。”

Martin Overholt: And somebody started singing the Marine Corps hymn.

马丁·奥弗霍特：有人开始唱海军陆战队赞美诗。

I couldn't believe it.

我简直不敢相信。

They were singing the Marine Corps hymn, we were coming through the line and somebody handed me a canteen cup full of hot coffee and a box of graham crackers and I just sat down in the snow and had probably the best meal I ever had in my life.

他们正在唱海军陆战队赞美诗，我们正在排队，有人递给我一杯装满热咖啡和一盒全麦饼干，我就坐在雪地里，吃了可能是我一生中吃过的最好的一餐。

That night I slept in my sleeping bag on the straw inside a tent.

那天晚上，我睡在帐篷内稻草上的睡袋里。

That was like luxury.

那就像奢侈一样。

John Edward Gray: After the Marines' regiments had gotten back from west of the reservoir and consolidated there, there was a lot of correspondents there too, TIME magazine, LIFE.

约翰·爱德华·格雷：海军陆战队各团从水库以西返回并在那里集结后，那里也有很多记者，《时代》杂志、《生活》。

They said, ''General, it's not like for Marines to retreat.''And General Smith told ‘em, ''Retreat, hell.

他们说，“将军，这不像海军陆战队撤退的样子。”史密斯将军告诉他们，“撤退，见鬼。”

We're just advancing to the rear.''

我们只是向后方推进而已。”

Hampton Sides: Smith bristled at the notion that this was a withdrawal or a retreat.

汉普顿赛德斯：史密斯对这是撤退或撤退的想法感到愤怒。

There was no front.

没有前面。

There was no rear.

没有后方。

He was surrounded in all directions and therefore any movement in any direction is essentially an attack.

他被四面八方包围，因此任何方向的任何移动本质上都是攻击。

Narrator: When General Smith insisted his men were not retreating, but ''attacking in another direction,''at least one reporter in the camp suspected the bravado was masking a deep concern.

旁白：当史密斯将军坚称他的部队没有撤退，而是“向另一个方向进攻”时，营地中至少有一名记者怀疑这种虚张声势掩盖了一种深切的担忧。

''As I looked at the battered men,''she wrote, ''I wondered if they could possibly have the strength to make this final punch.''

“当我看着那些被殴打的人时，”她写道，“我想知道他们是否有能力打出最后一拳。”

Bill Mills: I cannot remember of having a meal at Hagaru.

比尔·米尔斯：我不记得在下碣楼吃过饭。

We were pretty short of everything.

我们什么都缺。

The worst part was the shoepacks they called those, rubber boots that came up about halfway to your knees, the bottom portion of ‘em were rubber and as long as you were moving they worked good.

最糟糕的部分是他们所说的鞋包，橡胶靴子大约长到膝盖的一半，它们的底部是橡胶的，只要你移动，它们就很好用。

But climbing those hills your, your socks would get wet from sweat and then you had no way to change the socks so if you laid in the snow all night long your feet would freeze.

但是爬那些山，你的袜子会被汗湿湿，然后你又没有办法换袜子，所以如果你在雪里躺一晚上，你的脚就会冻住。

Watson Crumbie: The rubber boots had a felt insole about a half-inch thick that was supposed to absorb perspiration.

Watson Crumbie：橡胶靴的毛毡鞋垫大约半英寸厚，可以吸收汗水。

Instead the insole would freeze and it was like walking on ice.

相反，鞋垫会结冰，就像在冰上行走一样。

Bob Ezell: I was thawing out, I guess, 'cause they give me some hot coffee and morphine.

鲍勃·埃泽尔：我想我正在解冻，因为他们给了我一些热咖啡和吗啡。

But the, they took my boots off and I saw that my toes were black and I sort of lost it.

但是，他们脱掉了我的靴子，我发现我的脚趾是黑色的，我有点失去了它。

I wanted to cry.

我想哭。

I, I didn't but I wanted to cry, I said a few curse words somebody come over and says, ''Knock it off.

我，我没有，但我想哭，我说了几句脏话，有人走过来说，“别说了。”

You act right.

你表现得对。

Act like a Marine.''So I shut up.

像海军陆战队员一样行事。”于是我闭嘴了。

Thomas Cork: My boot was frozen so they had to chop the boot off.

托马斯·科克：我的靴子被冻住了，所以他们不得不把靴子砍掉。

And when they cut the boot off, part of my toes had came off inside the boot and when, when they took the boot off, all the toes are gone.

当他们把靴子剪掉时，我的一部分脚趾从靴子里掉了下来，当他们把靴子脱掉时，所有的脚趾都消失了。

The tip my toes, gone.

我的脚趾尖消失了。

That's big toe, little toe and all through there, and two or three of ‘em was found inside, inside of that, that boot.

那是大脚趾，小脚趾，到处都是，在那只靴子的里面，里面发现了两三个。

Bob Harbula: One of the miracles of Hagaru and the Battle of Chosin is that they flew out 4500 wounded on C-47s.

鲍勃·哈布拉（Bob Harbula）：下碁流和长津战役的奇迹之一是他们用 C-47 飞机救出了 4500 名伤员。

It's almost impossible.

这几乎是不可能的。

John Y.

约翰·Y.

Lee: A doctor has to certify that this patient is serious enough to, to be flown.

李：医生必须证明这名患者的病情严重到可以乘坐飞机。

So a doctor's main job was actually dividing those who were to be sent with the airplane, and those who to be send by a truck.

所以医生的主要工作其实就是区分哪些人是用飞机送去的，哪些是用卡车送去的。

Dr. Stanley Wolf: I remember vividly one man with part of his skull shot away and brain was showing.

斯坦利·沃尔夫博士：我清楚地记得一名男子的部分头骨被击飞，大脑露出来。

Had we been in South Korea or in other circumstances, he would've been sent to a hospital, and, yes, he would be terribly injured but he would have a chance of living.

如果我们在韩国或在其他情况下，他会被送往医院，是的，他会受重伤，但他还有生存的机会。

Where we were, we said that he's gonna die.

我们在哪里，我们说过他会死。

Here's another man who has a sucking chest wound.

这是另一个胸部有吸吮伤口的男人。

He's got a bullet hole that's going through into his chest and air is coming in and out.

他的胸部有一个弹孔，空气进进出出。

But we knew that this man would certainly live if we can get him to Japan, and he would go.

但我们知道，如果我们能把他带到日本，这个人肯定会活下来，而且他会去。

And this other man, put a dressing on it and give him morphine for pain, and set him aside.

还有另一个人，给他包扎敷料，给他止痛吗啡，然后把他放在一边。

And it's a morbid thought that we set him aside to die, but we did.

我们把他放在一边等死，这是一种病态的想法，但我们确实这么做了。

That's what we did.

这就是我们所做的。

John Haffeman: There must have been 20 of us, maybe 30 of us on board, and we flew for about an hour and a half, maybe two hours from Hagaru to Japan.

约翰·哈夫曼：机上肯定有 20 人，也许有 30 人，我们从下轻轨飞到日本大约一个半小时，也许两个小时。

And when I got to Japan then I felt, ''Wow.

当我到达日本时，我感觉，“哇。”

I'm out of the war zone and, you know, I'm really gonna be okay.''

我已经离开战区了，你知道，我真的会没事的。”

Narrator: The air evacuation came to a close as the Marines prepared to abandon Hagaru to the Chinese.

旁白：当海军陆战队准备将下碇遗弃给中国人时，空中撤离结束了。

The last flight out had room enough to carry letters from the surrounded Marines to anxious relatives back home, and to pack a handful of the frozen corpses in among the casualties.

最后一架飞机有足够的空间来运送被包围的海军陆战队员写给家乡焦急的亲属的信件，并在伤员中装上一些冰冻的尸体。

But the question remained: how many of the ten thousand troops still at Hagaru would make it out alive?

但问题依然存在：留在下碣的一万大军中有多少人能活着出来？

Narrator: As the Marines at Hagaru braced for the next battle in their fight for survival, their head officer was in New York City, laying down a new marker in America's Cold War strategy.

旁白：当海军陆战队在下碇为生存而准备下一场战斗时，他们的长官在纽约市，在美国的冷战战略中树立了新的标志。

''Idealism is fine,''the Marine Commandant told a defense industry gathering, ''but if we are to assume leadership in a free world, we must have armed forces to make our will felt wherever our interest is threatened.''

“理想主义很好，”海军陆战队司令在一次国防工业聚会上说，“但如果我们要在自由世界中发挥领导作用，我们就必须拥有武装部队，以便在我们的利益受到威胁的地方表达我们的意愿。”

Hampton Sides: In the State Department and in the Department of Defense, what they are talking about is making the United States essentially in perpetuity the policemen of the world.

汉普顿·塞德斯：在国务院和国防部，他们谈论的是让美国永远成为世界警察。

Anywhere where Communism is going to rear its head we have to be ready to, to attack it.

任何共产主义要抬头的地方，我们都必须做好准备，攻击它。

Narrator: President Truman was preparing to declare a national state of emergency to galvanize the country in an effort to roll back what he called ''Communist Imperialism.''

旁白：杜鲁门总统正准备宣布全国进入紧急状态，以激励整个国家努力击退他所谓的“共产主义帝国主义”。

We had to ''get strong fast,''said one of Truman's advisers, even if it meant giving up ''such things as refrigerators and television.''

杜鲁门的一位顾问说，我们必须“快速变得强大”，即使这意味着放弃“冰箱和电视之类的东西”。

Bruce Cumings: What the December 1950 crisis did was to convince the American people that they had to spend a lot more money and make a lot more sacrifices in a Cold War that had turned hot in Korea and might turn hot some place else.

布鲁斯·卡明斯：1950 年 12 月的危机让美国人民相信，他们必须在冷战中花费更多的钱并做出更多的牺牲，这场冷战在朝鲜已经变得激烈，也可能在其他地方变得激烈。

And as a result of that you had fundamental changes in, in American history.

结果，美国历史发生了根本性的变化。

That built the national security state, built military bases abroad, a large standing army for the first time in US history.

建立了国家安全国家，在海外建立了军事基地，美国历史上首次建立了一支大型常备军。

And all of that transpired in December 1950 courtesy of the Chinese intervention.

所有这一切都是在 1950 年 12 月中国的干预下发生的。

Narrator: On the morning of December 7th, as the rearguard dismantled the camp at Hagaru, destroying supplies and equipment that would not fit on the trucks, the lead Marine units were already running the next gauntlet.

旁白：12月7日早上，当后卫部队拆除了下碇的营地，销毁了卡车上无法装下的补给品和设备时，先头的海军陆战队部队已经开始接受下一个挑战。

Martin Overholt: When we left Hagaru-ri and we were moving on toward Koto-ri.

Martin Overholt：当我们离开下碣里时，我们正前往江东里。

There were Chinese all over the side of the mountain.

山边到处都是中国人。

And I was standing up behind our Jeep trailer, which was fully loaded, and standing up there firing my carbine.

我站在满载的吉普拖车后面，站在那里用卡宾枪射击。

And the guy next to me got hit and went down.

我旁边的那个人被击中并倒下了。

Bob Harbula: One of the worst things of all is sitting on the lines and one of your fellow Marines is shot.

鲍勃·哈布拉：最糟糕的事情之一就是坐在前线，而你的一名海军陆战队员战友被枪杀。

And in his last dying breath he's calling for his mother.

在他的最后一口气中，他呼唤着他的母亲。

And nothing is sadder or more heart wrenching than hearing that.

没有什么比听到这个更悲伤或更令人心碎的了。

Martin Overholt: One of the myths is that men don't cry, and that is bullshit.

马丁·奥弗霍特：其中一个神话是“男人不哭”，这是一派胡言。

I saw people crying, especially when their friends got hit.

我看到人们哭泣，尤其是当他们的朋友被击中时。

When you're in pain you cry.

当你痛苦的时候你就会哭泣。

Manert Kennedy: You didn't get too close to any other Marine because the death of a very close buddy would be devastating.

马纳特·肯尼迪：你不要与任何其他海军陆战队员走得太近，因为一个非常亲密的伙伴的死亡将是毁灭性的。

You had a feeling of isolation.

你有一种孤立的感觉。

Bob Boulden: All of a sudden there was automatic weapon fire coming out of this, this bunker.

鲍勃·博尔登：突然间，这个掩体里传来了自动武器的射击声。

And so this other Marine and I crawled up the side of the hill to this bunker and threw in grenades.

于是我和另一名海军陆战队员爬上山坡来到这个掩体并扔了手榴弹。

One guy, he was sitting in there with an automatic weapon, and one grenade had landed right down in between his legs and that and it, it blowed his legs and his stomach was hanging out but he was still alive.

一个人，他拿着自动武器坐在那儿，一颗手榴弹正好落在他的两腿之间，然后，它炸开了他的腿，他的胃悬了出来，但他还活着。

And he, he kept talking to me in Chinese and then I told the officer that was behind us, ''We got one left alive.

他，他一直用中文跟我说话，然后我告诉我们身后的警官，“我们还剩下一个人活着。”

And he says, ''Well, you know what they did to us at East Hill,''and with that I eliminated him.

他说，“好吧，你知道他们在东山对我们做了什么，”然后我就淘汰了他。

But as he is talking to me and was he telling me about his family, was he pleading to me to dispatch him and, and, or was he trying to save me?

但当他和我说话时，他是否在向我讲述他的家人，他是否恳求我派遣他，或者他是否试图拯救我？

But he was gonna die anyway.

但他无论如何都会死。

He was just all tore to people with that, with that I dispatched him…

他只是因为这个而被人们撕碎了，我就这样把他打发了……

I still think about him at night sometime…

有时候晚上我还是会想起他……

just wishing I could've understood what he was saying.

只是希望我能明白他在说什么。

It's nothing, nothing to kill ‘em at a distance.

没什么，远距离杀死他们没什么。

It's when you look a man in the eye, that's a different…

当你看着一个人的眼睛时，那就是不同的......

Narrator: The cold had not let up in the nine days since the battle began; temperatures dropped as low as thirty below some nights, and rarely rose above zero …

旁白：战斗开始九天了，寒冷一直没有减弱，有些夜晚气温会低至三十度以下，很少会升至零度以上……

even when the sun was out.

即使太阳出来了。

But Mao was still insisting that his army continue its mission, no matter the heavy losses to his troops.

但毛泽东仍然坚持他的军队继续执行任务，无论他的部队损失惨重。

Nearly half the sixty thousand Chinese soldiers facing the First Marines were already killed or wounded.

面对第一海军陆战队的六万名中国士兵已经死伤近一半。

Bill Mills: When they're coming at you, especially at night, you look at ‘em as super human.

比尔·米尔斯：当他们向你袭来时，尤其是在晚上，你会将他们视为超人。

You feel like that there's nothing you can do to stop ‘em.

你觉得你无法阻止他们。

But the people who wanted to surrender, it's just the opposite.

但想要投降的人，却恰恰相反。

They looked helpless and they wanted help, and they were starving.

他们看上去很无助，需要帮助，但他们却在挨饿。

Sheila Miyoshi Jager: The Chinese, many of them were sent to, into battle without proper clothing, without enough ammunition, without enough food, many of them.

Sheila Miyoshi Jager：中国人，他们中的许多人被派往战场，没有合适的衣服，没有足够的弹药，没有足够的食物，很多人都没有。

A lot of them had to just sort of fend for themselves and many of them perished during the winter.

他们中的许多人不得不自谋生路，其中许多人在冬天死去。

We're talking about huge numbers that died not just of battle casualties but by death by freezing.

我们谈论的是大量的人不仅死于战斗伤亡，还死于冻死。

Martin Overholt: On their feet all they had was sneakers.

Martin Overholt：他们脚上只有运动鞋。

You'd see a prisoner and, and his feet were like a block of ice.

你会看到一个囚犯，他的脚就像一块冰块。

I remember seeing a prisoner one time, his ears were swollen up this big like a potato, you know.

我记得有一次看到一个囚犯，他的耳朵肿得像土豆一样大，你知道吗。

It looked like somebody, a potato on each side of his head that somebody had nicked with a knife, you know.

它看起来像一个人，他的头两侧各有一个土豆，有人用刀划过，你知道。

They were bursting from having been frozen.

它们因被冻结而破裂。

They suffered terribly, a lot worse than we did.

他们遭受了极大的痛苦，比我们痛苦得多。

Juan Balleza: I always remembered that no matter what the conditions were that I was in so were the Chinese.

胡安·巴莱萨：我一直记得，无论我的处境如何，中国人的处境如何。

Up to this day if I were to meet a Chinese soldier that was there I'd hug him like a brother…

直到今天，如果我见到那里的中国士兵，我会像兄弟一样拥抱他......

'cause I know he suffered the same thing I did.

因为我知道他也经历过和我一样的事情。

Narrator: By the time the head of the column reached Koto-ri, the Chinese were unable to mount any serious attack on the camp .

旁白：当纵队首部到达江东里时，中国人无法对营地发动任何严重攻击。

.

。

.

。

or to put up more than scattershot resistance on the road ahead.

或者在前进的道路上进行不只是漫无目的的抵抗。

But word was going through the ranks: another obstacle lay ahead.

但消息传遍了队伍：另一个障碍摆在面前。

Richard Carey: South of Koto-ri several miles is a pass called Funchilin Pass, and there's a bridge there and the Chinese had blown the bridge.

理查德·凯里：江东里以南几英里处有一个山口，名叫芬奇林山口，那里有一座桥，中国人炸毁了这座桥。

We had to have a bridge put in.

我们必须建一座桥。

We had to have a way to cross that canyon, otherwise we wouldn't have gotten our vehicles out, we wouldn't have got our wounded out.

我们必须想办法穿过那个峡谷，否则我们就无法把车辆救出来，也无法把伤员救出来。

It was a pretty desperate situation.

这是一个非常绝望的情况。

John Parkinson: If memory serves me right it was probably about a span of about 24 feet and there we were with a big hole.

约翰·帕金森：如果我没记错的话，它可能有 24 英尺的跨度，而且我们那里有一个大洞。

We can't go nowhere.

我们哪儿也去不了。

Narrator: While the column sat—waiting for the engineers to repair the breach—a front swept in from the north.

旁白：当纵队等待工程师修复缺口时，一股锋线从北方席卷而来。

Temperatures plummeted; men who were there insisted it was near fifty below zero.

气温骤降；那里的人坚称气温接近零下五十。

Hampton Sides: It goes from bad to worse.

汉普顿赛德斯：情况变得越来越糟。

To go through everything they've been through and then to be now be facing a blizzard with this unbelievable cold.

经历了他们所经历的一切，然后现在面临着暴风雪和令人难以置信的寒冷。

Richard Carey: When you're so damn cold you can't, you really have trouble, have trouble breathing even.

理查德·凯里：当你冷得不行的时候，你真的会遇到麻烦，甚至呼吸困难。

It is that cold.

就是这么冷。

It was cold.

天气很冷。

Man, it was cold.

伙计，天气很冷。

John Y.

约翰·Y.

Lee: It's so cold that you just cannot function physically and mentally, too.

李：天气太冷了，你的身体和精神都无法运作。

You cannot think of any, any complicated thing.

你无法想出任何、任何复杂的事情。

You may not able to even count ten.

你可能连十都数不过来。

It really, it just, brain just, just doesn't function.

它真的，它只是，大脑，只是不起作用。

Watson Crumbie: One of the tricks I learned was to catch a nap by sitting on my helmet, which had a round bottom.

Watson Crumbie：我学到的技巧之一是坐在圆形底部的头盔上打盹。

And as I'd fall asleep I'd fall over and wake up.

当我睡着的时候，我会摔倒然后醒来。

But just before I'd fall asleep I'd feel warm and at total peace and I think that's the way it feels just before you freeze to death.

但就在我入睡之前，我会感到温暖和完全的平静，我想这就是你冻死之前的感觉。

Manert Kennedy: I felt, you know, ''How are we ever gonna get out of here?

马纳特·肯尼迪：我感觉，你知道，“我们怎样才能离开这里？”

And there was a feeling, you know, I had that, ''Well, this could be it.

我有一种感觉，你知道，我有这样的感觉，‘好吧，可能就是这样了。

This, you know, I'll never get back to see my dear wife,''and, and you just felt that, just a deep sense of, of helplessness and hopelessness.

你知道，我再也见不到我亲爱的妻子了，”而且，你只是感觉到了，一种深深的无助和绝望的感觉。

Narrator: At Koto-ri, the Marine commanders had to make choices about what they would be able haul out on the remaining trucks, and what they would have to leave behind.

旁白：在江东里，海军陆战队指挥官必须做出选择，决定他们能够用剩余的卡车拖出什么，以及他们必须留下什么。

Martin Overholt: They used some explosives to blast off the top part of the dirt and then where they could get a bulldozer blade in there and they made a big hole.

马丁·奥弗霍特：他们用一些炸药炸掉了泥土的顶部，然后在可以放推土机刀片的地方炸了一个大洞。

Manert Kennedy: They really had a difficult time because they had to blast and, and bulldoze a huge pit, and then Marines were dropped in.

马纳特·肯尼迪：他们确实经历了一段困难时期，因为他们必须爆破并推平一个大坑，然后海军陆战队队员被投入其中。

Watson Crumbie: They buried 117 right behind my howitzer.

Watson Crumbie：他们把 117 埋在我的榴弹炮后面。

It was pretty devastating, pretty gruesome sight to look at.

这是相当毁灭性的，非常可怕的景象。

Manert Kennedy: One very close buddy, he was a Detroiter and he was killed at Yudam-ni.

马纳特·肯尼迪：一位非常亲密的朋友，他是底特律人，在柳潭里被杀。

And, and I had the feeling that, you know, he and some others that I, that I knew were being dropped into that, into that hole.

而且，我有一种感觉，你知道，他和我认识的其他一些人正在被扔进那个洞里。

Martin Overholt: Regimental Intelligence Officer Captain Donald France was one of 'em.

马丁·奥沃霍特：团情报官唐纳德·弗朗斯上尉就是其中之一。

His assistant, Lieutenant McGuinness was one of ‘em.

他的助手麦吉尼斯中尉就是其中之一。

And our driver, I think his name was Lundberg, he was one there.

我们的司机，我想他的名字叫伦德伯格，他就是那里的一员。

They all put 'em in this hole and just covered as all, the best we could do at that point…

他们都把它们放进这个洞里，然后把它们全部盖住，我们当时能做的就是最好的了……

Narrator: The Marines at Koto-ri were not alone in their misery.

旁白：江东里的海军陆战队员并不是唯一遭受苦难的人。

North Korean civilians had seen their homes destroyed by American bombers and artillery in the previous weeks, their winter food stores pillaged by starving Chinese soldiers.

过去几周，朝鲜平民的家园被美国轰炸机和大炮摧毁，冬季食品储备被饥饿的中国士兵掠夺。

Scores of thousands were already fleeing south in hopes of finding warmth and safety.

成千上万的人已经逃往南方，希望找到温暖和安全。

A growing number of refugees had trailed the column of retreating Marines all the way from Yudam-ni.

越来越多的难民跟随从柳潭里撤退的海军陆战队队伍一路前行。

Martin Overholt: They presented quite a challenge sometimes 'cause, you know, you can't tell if this person who, who's Asian in appearance is a enemy or not enemy.

马丁·奥弗霍特：有时他们提出了相当大的挑战，因为你知道，你无法判断这个外表是亚洲人的人是敌人还是不是敌人。

If they come into your lines, they had to be searched, you know, to make sure that there were no weapons and so on.

如果他们进入你的队伍，就必须对他们进行搜查，你知道，以确保没有武器等等。

So it was a challenge to accept them.

所以接受它们是一个挑战。

Bill Mills: They didn't have food, and they didn't have near the gear that we had.

比尔·米尔斯：他们没有食物，也没有我们拥有的装备。

I don't know how they were able to do it.

我不知道他们是怎么做到的。

I mean it was heartbreaking, the kids crying and carrying on and there's nothing you could really do for ‘em.

我的意思是，这令人心碎，孩子们哭着继续生活，而你却无能为力。

Juan Balleza: What can you do?

胡安·巴莱萨：你能做什么？

There's so many of them, all you can do is pray to God that they fare well and, and make it through the day, and the night, and the next day, and so forth and until they get to a place where they can be safe.

他们太多了，你能做的就是向上帝祈祷，保佑他们一切安好，度过白天、夜晚、第二天，等等，直到他们到达安全的地方。

Manert Kennedy: I remember seeing old people, old women, old men, and there were reports of, of women even having babies out there in this sub-zero, 30 below zero or 40 below zero.

马纳特·肯尼迪：我记得见过老人、老妇人、老男人，有报道称，妇女甚至在零下 30 度或零下 40 度的环境中生下孩子。

At night a…

晚上有…

moan would, would come up, and it was sort of a collective moan, the suffering that they went through.

呻吟声会出现，这是一种集体的呻吟声，是他们所经历的痛苦。

Narrator: he request was urgent, and came from General Smith himself.

旁白：他的请求很紧急，是史密斯将军亲自提出的。

So the Air Force agreed to undertake an operation never before attempted.

因此，空军同意进行一项前所未有的行动。

Edward Rowny, U.S. Army: We had to get that bridge in and I had a brilliant staff and they decided that we could air drop different parts of a Treadway bridge into the perimeter, bolt them together and cantilever 'em over the gap where the bridge had been blown up by the Chinese and we'd be able to evacuate.

爱德华·罗尼（Edward Rowny），美国陆军：我们必须把那座桥建起来，我有一支出色的参谋人员，他们决定我们可以将特雷德韦桥的不同部分空投到周边，将它们用螺栓固定在一起，然后将它们悬臂在桥被中国人炸毁的缺口上，这样我们就可以撤离。

Stanley Weintraub: Every steel girder required an entire plane to carry it, a C-119 Boxcar with two huge parachutes on both sides to drop it because they couldn't land.

Stanley Weintraub：每根钢梁都需要一整架飞机来承载，一架两侧都有两个巨大降落伞的 C-119 棚车来降落，因为它们无法着陆。

Newsreel (V.O.): Flying boxcars head for the area, where the plight of the beleaguered troops has aroused the entire nation.

新闻片（画外音）：飞行棚车驶向该地区，那里陷入困境的军队的困境引起了全国人民的关注。

Bridge sections to replace a crossing blasted by the Reds are parachuted to reopen the only escape route.

取代被红军炸毁的十字路口的桥梁部分被空降以重新开放唯一的逃生路线。

This is the first time a bridge has ever been airdropped…

这是第一次空投桥梁……

Narrator: Early on the morning of December 9th, after nearly three days sitting at Koto-ri, the Marines finally got the order to make their way toward the newly repaired bridge.

旁白：12月9日凌晨，在江东里坐镇近三天后，海军陆战队终于接到命令，向新修好的桥梁进发。

John Y.

约翰·Y.

Lee: When we walking we feel we are surviving.

李：当我们走路时，我们感觉自己还活着。

We were able to resist the cold with the hope that this is the only way we can survive.

我们能够抵抗寒冷，希望这是我们生存的唯一途径。

All we have to do is just a little more.

我们所要做的只是再多一点。

That kind of, sort of a unconsciously hits your brain.

那种无意识的冲击你的大脑。

Then you'll be able to follow the guy in the head of you.

然后你就可以跟随你脑海中的那个人了。

Manert Kennedy: We came down with Chinese shooting at us.

马纳特·肯尼迪：中国人向我们开枪，我们倒下了。

Every once in a while you'd hear somebody yell out with a scream.

每隔一段时间，你就会听到有人大声尖叫。

You knew they got hit, but you just kept putting one foot ahead of the other.

你知道他们被击中了，但你只是把一只脚放在另一只脚前面。

There was nothing you could do about it, there was nowhere to go, nowhere to hide, no, nowhere to take cover and so you accepted your fate.

你对此无能为力，无处可去，无处可躲，不，无处可躲，所以你接受了自己的命运。

Watson Crumbie: I always wondered how that first driver felt when he pulled over on that bridge if it was gonna hold him or not.

Watson Crumbie：我一直想知道，当第一个司机把车停在桥上时，桥是否能挡住他，他的感觉如何。

Hampton Sides: Nothing like this had ever been tried before.

Hampton Sides：以前从未尝试过这样的事情。

No one was sure it was going to work and it was a very, very scary couple of minutes until the first, first few vehicles passed over and the men who marched across could look down through the gap and see, you know, 500 feet, 1,000 feet down into, to the valley.

没有人确信它会起作用，这是非常非常可怕的几分钟，直到第一批、最初几辆车驶过，穿过的人可以透过缝隙往下看，你知道，深入 500 英尺、1,000 英尺的山谷。

Watson Crumbie: As I reached the bridge there was a man standing there, saying, ''Walk across this side,''and I knew then that I was glad it wasn't daylight 'cause I couldn't see down what I was going over.

沃森·克鲁比：当我到达桥时，有一个人站在那里，说：“从这一边走过去”，然后我就知道我很高兴现在不是白天，因为我看不清我正在走过的东西。

Manert Kennedy: I don't have any direct memories of, of even walking across that span.

马纳特·肯尼迪：我没有任何直接记忆，甚至没有走过那段跨度。

By that time our, my brain was frozen [LAUGHS] and all I knew is, ''Don't, don't stop.''

到那时，我的大脑已经冻结了[笑]，我只知道，“不要，不要停下来。”

Juan Balleza: There was this truck on the side of the road with some guys on it.

胡安·巴莱萨：路边有一辆卡车，上面有一些人。

They were wounded.

他们受伤了。

And he said, ''Can you drive a truck?''I said, ''Sure I can drive a truck.''So I actually drove a truck across that chasm with these wounded guys back there and the Chinese trying to kill the drivers but I thought, ''Once we get across this bridge we're, we're home.

他说，“你会开卡车吗？”我说，“我当然会开卡车。”所以我实际上开着一辆卡车穿过那条鸿沟，后面还有这些受伤的人，中国人试图杀死司机，但我想，“一旦我们过了这座桥，我们就到家了。”

We've got it made.''

我们已经做好了。”

Narrator: It took almost two days to move the fourteen thousand surviving troops—along with trucks, tanks, and artillery pieces—over the makeshift bridge.

旁白：花了将近两天的时间才将一万四千名幸存的军队以及卡车、坦克和大炮转移到临时搭建的桥上。

The last of the Marines and the attached Army units made it across late on December 11th, 1950—two weeks to the day after the initial Chinese attack.

1950 年 12 月 11 日晚，最后一批海军陆战队和附属陆军部队成功渡海——距离中国发起首次进攻的第二天还有两周。

Juan Balleza: Coming down into the flatter land off of them mountains it got warmer.

胡安·巴莱萨（Juan Balleza）：从山上下来到平坦的土地时，天气变得更温暖了。

It was 32 degrees.

当时气温是 32 度。

We were taking off clothes.

我们正在脱衣服。

It was hot for us.

对我们来说很热。

It's a feeling of…

这是一种……的感觉。

elation that you don't have anybody shooting at you anymore and you're not shooting back, just a total relax, happy to be alive.

庆幸的是，你不再有人向你开枪，你也不再还击，只是完全放松，庆幸自己还活着。

Manert Kennedy: When we got to the bottom of the pass our column was halted and when we stopped we, we just fell to the side of the road and just laid back and went dead asleep.

马纳特·肯尼迪：当我们到达山口底部时，我们的纵队停了下来，当我们停下来时，我们就倒在路边，躺下来睡着了。

We were so exhausted we didn't have much left.

我们太累了，所剩无几。

We couldn't have gone on a, a lot more.

我们不能再去更多了。

We were out of there in time, just in time.

我们及时离开了那里，非常及时。

John Parkinson: On the 27th of November at quarter of ten that's when the Chinese hit us.

约翰·帕金森：11 月 27 日十点一刻，中国人袭击了我们。

And every year on the 27th of November I take a walk up on a hill and sit down.

每年 11 月 27 日，我都会在山上散步并坐下来。

I just thank God…

我只是感谢上帝……

for letting me survive that and I pray about the other fellas that we lost.

感谢你们让我活了下来，我为我们失去的其他人祈祷。

Bruce Cumings: It's a testimony to the Marines that so many of them survived it and, and managed to fight their way out.

布鲁斯·卡明斯：这对海军陆战队来说是一个见证，他们中的许多人都幸存下来，并且设法摆脱困境。

But fundamentally it was a Chinese victory that was a key battle in clearing North Korea of UN forces and they've never been back.

但从根本上说，这是中国的胜利，是清除朝鲜联合国部队的关键战役，但他们再也没有回来。

Hampton Sides: The Chinese forced the Americans from, from the field.

汉普顿赛德斯：中国队迫使美国人离开球场。

But they suffered staggering casualties.

但他们却遭受了惊人的伤亡。

Mao threw everything he had at the Marines and they eluded his grasp.

毛泽东把他所有的东西都扔给了海军陆战队，他们却逃脱了他的追捕。

Bob Harbula: When we got down off the plateau into the sea coast there, the Chinese never threatened us.

鲍勃·哈布拉：当我们从高原进入那里的海岸时，中国人从未威胁过我们。

We were able to get 90,000 civilians out, North Korean civilians.

我们成功救出了 90,000 名朝鲜平民。

The Chinese never stopped ‘em, never made any threat.

中国人从未阻止过他们，也从未发出过任何威胁。

Juan Balleza: I still believe that the sacrifice not only of the Marines, but the Army, and Navy, and everybody that supported that engagement did the right thing.

胡安·巴列萨：我仍然相信，不仅是海军陆战队的牺牲，还有陆军、海军以及所有支持这场战斗的人的牺牲都是正确的。

South Korea is still alive, and they're proud people, hardworking people and I support ‘em to this day.

韩国仍然存在，他们是自豪的人民，勤奋的人民，直到今天我仍然支持他们。

And I don't begrudge a second of the time I spent over there in their defense.

我不会吝惜我在那里为他们辩护所花费的每一秒时间。

Not at all.

一点也不。

Dr. Stanley Wolf: They used to say that it's a forgotten war.

斯坦利·沃尔夫博士：他们过去常说这是一场被遗忘的战争。

I have to say it's a winning war, we didn't win it in the sense of reuniting North and South Korea.

我不得不说，这是一场胜利的战争，但我们并没有赢得朝鲜和韩国重新统一的意义。

That didn't happen.

那没有发生。

But we were able to maintain South Korea as a viable country and what we were able to maintain was worth the fighting, worth every bit of it and I'm proud to have been part of that.

但我们能够维持韩国作为一个有生存能力的国家，我们能够维持的一切都是值得奋斗的，值得付出一切，我很自豪能够成为其中的一部分。

Thomas Cork: When I talk to people about the Chosin Reservoir I tell people I'm one of the, the survivors.

托马斯·科克：当我与人们谈论长津水库时，我告诉人们我是幸存者之一。

And I'm grateful that I was able to get out there with no more than a little arthritis and lost a foot.

我很庆幸自己能够走出去，除了一点关节炎和失去一只脚之外。

I am proud of this because I was a part of history as a Marine.

我为此感到自豪，因为我是海军陆战队历史的一部分。

Manert Kennedy: It was something that has stayed with me my entire adult life.

马纳特·肯尼迪：这件事一直伴随着我的整个成年生活。

I didn't realize what an impact that experience would have on my soul, on my being.

我没有意识到这段经历会对我的灵魂、我的存在产生多大的影响。

I fought in many other battles after that, nothing, nothing to compare with the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir.

之后我又打过很多仗，没有什么可以和长津水库之战相比的。

Those who fought in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir call themselves the “Chosin Few." Explore their portraits and stories.

参加长津水库战役的人们称自己为“长津少数人”。探索他们的肖像和故事。

Five months into the Korean War, American troops found themselves surrounded by Chinese troops, and at risk of annihilation in the frozen Chosin Reservior.

朝鲜战争进行五个月后，美国军队发现自己被中国军队包围，并在冰冻的长津水库中面临全军覆没的危险。

Lillian Kinkela Keil was one of the most decorated women in WWII and the Korean War, with 11 battle stars, four air medals and more than 450 air evacuations in Europe and in Korea.

莉莲·金凯拉·凯尔 (Lillian Kinkela Keil) 是二战和朝鲜战争中获得勋章最多的女性之一，拥有 11 颗战斗之星、4 枚空军勋章，并在欧洲和韩国执行过 450 多次空中疏散任务。

As concern over Communist aggression rose, President Truman sent troops to South Korea, stating that it was necessary for America’s security.

随着人们对共产主义侵略的担忧加剧，杜鲁门总统向韩国派遣军队，称这对于美国的安全是必要的。

U.S. Marine veterans of the Battle of Chosin during the Korean War recall their efforts to hold the west side of the reservoir during a second night of attacks.

朝鲜战争期间参加过长津战役的美国海军陆战队老兵回忆起他们在第二个晚上的攻击中为守住水库西侧所做的努力。

Watch the opening scene of The Battle of Chosin.

观看长津会战的开场场景。

American military leaders were caught off guard at the Chosin Reservoir.

美国军事领导人在长津水库措手不及。

Explore photos of the storied battle.

探索这场传奇战斗的照片。