Change, Not Charity: The Americans with Disabilities Act
Change Not Charity: The Americans with Disabilities Act
改变而不是慈善：《美国残疾人法案》
[Visual and audio descriptions: Text over a black background: American Experience Films.
[视觉和音频描述：黑色背景文字：美国体验电影。
Change, Not Charity: The Americans with Disabilities Act.
改变，而不是慈善：《美国残疾人法案》。
Now, a panning shot of the capitol building.
现在，国会大厦的摇摄镜头。
Inside, police stand by as protesters fill the building, pumping their fists in unison with their chanting.
在大楼内，警察待命，抗议者挤满了大楼，一边高呼口号，一边挥舞着拳头。
Some stand while others sit in wheelchairs.]
有些人站着，有些人坐在轮椅上。]
PROTESTERS [chanting]: A.D.A.
抗议者[高喊]：A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
POLICE OFFICER [over speaker]: I order you to please dismiss!
警官[对发言者]：我命令你解散！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
On March 13, 1990, disability activists from across the country occupied the rotunda of the Capitol to demand the passage of the A.D.A., the Americans With Disabilities Act.
1990 年 3 月 13 日，来自全国各地的残疾人活动人士占领了国会大厦的圆形大厅，要求通过 A.D.A.，即《美国残疾人法案》。
PROTESTERS [chanting]: A.D.A.
抗议者[高喊]：A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
One in four Americans was living with a disability.
四分之一的美国人患有残疾。
Pent-up anger over discrimination, segregation, and isolation had led to this moment.
对歧视、种族隔离和孤立的压抑愤怒导致了这一刻的发生。
[Black and white protest photos.
[黑白抗议照片。
Police officers pull men in wheelchairs through the bustling crowd.]
警察拉着轮椅上的男子穿过熙熙攘攘的人群。]
Did they get to have a career?
他们有事业吗？
Did they get to have a spouse?
他们有配偶了吗？
All of these questions, which we had for nearly a century shoved away, they weren't going to accept second-class status any longer.
所有这些问题，我们近一个世纪以来一直在回避，他们将不再接受二等地位。
We will ride!
我们会骑！
We will ride!
我们会骑！
We're going to be part of this country.
我们将成为这个国家的一部分。
We're going to be part of the community, just like anybody else.
我们将像其他人一样成为社区的一部分。
Who'd ever thought that people with disabilities would actually be arrested for demonstrating?
谁曾想到残疾人真的会因为示威而被捕？
Aw, poor little cripples, right?
噢，可怜的小瘸子，对吗？
That coming of the movement said, "We're not going to hide in the shadows.
这场运动的到来表明：“我们不会躲在阴影里。
We're coming out." Access is our civil right!
我们要出来了。”访问是我们的公民权利！
[A protest sign: We will not go away.
[抗议标语：我们不会离开。
We are here to stay.
我们会留下来。
Articles read: Blank check for the disabled?
文章阅读： 残疾人的空白支票？
Those costs could be monumental.
这些成本可能是巨大的。
Low instrumentals play.]
低沉的乐器演奏。]
For the protesters, access and opportunity should be a birthright.
对于抗议者来说，进入和机会应该是与生俱来的权利。
But opponents of the A.D.A.
但 A.D.A. 的反对者
lambasted it as unrealistic.
痛斥其不切实际。
This was a civil rights bill that required massive amounts of changes that somebody had to pay for.
这是一项民权法案，需要进行大量的改变，而有人必须为此付出代价。
[A political cartoon.
[政治漫画。
Dollar bills create a ramp.
美元钞票创造了一个坡道。
On the other side, a figure in a wheelchair sits at the base of a staircase.
另一边，一个坐在轮椅上的人坐在楼梯底部。
An American flag, its stars illustrating a wheelchair symbol.]
一面美国国旗，星星代表轮椅符号。]
If passed, the Americans With Disabilities Act would be one of the most consequential civil rights bills in the nation's history.
如果获得通过，《美国残疾人法案》将成为美国历史上最重要的民权法案之一。
Civil rights aren't given.
没有赋予公民权利。
You have to fight to get them, and then you have to fight to keep them.
你必须努力争取它们，然后你必须努力留住它们。
[Text: American Experience is made possible in part by: Major funding: Alfred P.
[文本：美国经验的实现部分得益于：主要资助：Alfred P.
Sloan Foundation.
斯隆基金会。
Funding for Change, Not Charity: The Americans with Disabilities Act: Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
为变革而非慈善提供资金：《美国残疾人法案》：公共广播公司。
GBH Voices and Equity Fund, Corey Thomas and Anya Phillips-Thomas.
GBH 声音和股票基金，Corey Thomas 和 Anya Phillips-Thomas。
Additional Funding for American Experience: Robert D.L.
美国经验额外资助：Robert D.L.
Gardiner Foundation.
加德纳基金会。
The American Experience Trust, The 1772 Foundation.
美国经验信托基金会、1772 基金会。
Rita J.
丽塔·J。
and Stanley H.
和斯坦利·H.
Kaplan Family Foundation Inc. And viewers like you.
卡普兰家庭基金会以及像您这样的观众。
Now, split screen footage of families gathered around their home TV sets.
现在，分屏画面显示家庭聚集在家里的电视机旁。
Text: Edited by Sandra Christie, ACE.
文本：由 ACE 桑德拉·克里斯蒂 (Sandra Christie) 编辑。
Narrated by Peter Dinklage.
由彼特·丁拉基解说。
Produced by Hilary Klotz Steinman and Sarah Keeling.
由希拉里·克洛茨·斯坦曼和莎拉·基林制作。
Written and Produced by Chana Gazit.
由查纳·加齐特 (Chana Gazit) 编剧和制作。
Directed by Jim Lebrecht.
由吉姆·莱布雷希特执导。
Now, Jerry Lewis in a tuxedo takes a dazzling stage, a full band behind him.
现在，身着燕尾服的杰里·刘易斯登上了令人眼花缭乱的舞台，身后有一支完整的乐队。
The audience cheers and applauds as fanfare music plays.]
当乐曲响起时，观众欢呼鼓掌。]
We are live.
我们还活着。
We are coming to you from the resort and convention center of the world, Las Vegas, Nevada.
我们从世界度假胜地和会议中心——内华达州拉斯维加斯来找您。
This is the Jerry Lewis Labor Day Telethon.
这是杰瑞刘易斯劳动节电视马拉松。
At its height, the Muscular Dystrophy Telethon, hosted by beloved comedian Jerry Lewis was watched by nearly half of the country.
在鼎盛时期，由深受喜爱的喜剧演员杰里·刘易斯主持的肌肉萎缩症电视马拉松受到了近一半国家的关注。
Broadcast over 21 nonstop hours, it raised hundreds of millions of dollars towards finding a cure for muscular dystrophy.
该节目不间断播出 21 个小时，为寻找肌肉萎缩症的治疗方法筹集了数亿美元。
Here's $100,000 for good luck.
这是 100,000 美元，祝你好运。
But not everyone welcomed the telethons.
但并不是所有人都欢迎电视马拉松。
[Cyndi Jones, Publisher, Mainstream Magazine.
[Cyndi Jones，主流杂志出版人。
Cyndi has wire-rimmed glasses, shoulder-length gray hair, a sharp blue blazer, and sits in a mobility scooter.]
Cyndi 戴着金属丝框眼镜，留着及肩的灰白头发，穿着一件锋利的蓝色西装外套，坐在一辆机动踏板车里。]
My husband and I both had polio.
我和我丈夫都患有小儿麻痹症。
We would hide-- I mean, we didn't want to go anywhere on Labor Day weekend, because everyone assumes that you had muscular dystrophy.
我们会躲起来——我的意思是，我们不想在劳动节周末去任何地方，因为每个人都认为你患有肌肉萎缩症。
Everyone assumes that you're part of the telethon.
每个人都认为你是电视马拉松的一部分。
It was terrible.
太可怕了。
A child featured on the telethon: We need lots of money, lots of love.
电视马拉松节目中的一个孩子：我们需要很多钱，很多爱。
Every penny you send in adds up to dollars.
您寄来的每一分钱加起来都是美元。
As a matter of fact, if you want to give $100 or more...
事实上，如果你想捐100美元或更多......
[Mary Lou Breslin, Co-Founder, Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund.
[玛丽·卢·布雷斯林，残疾人权利教育和防御基金联合创始人。
Mary Lou sits in a wheelchair sporting short gray hair, dark frames, and a bright blue and purple scarf.]
玛丽·卢坐在轮椅上，留着灰色短发、深色镜框和一条亮蓝色和紫色围巾。]
The telethon was really detested as a tool of using pity as a way to collect money.
电视马拉松确实是令人厌恶的一种利用怜悯来敛财的工具。
"If you give us money, we're going to cure this poor, helpless kid of whatever their disability is."
“如果你给我们钱，我们就能治愈这个可怜无助的孩子，无论他们有什么残疾。”
In 1981, after more than two decades of huge TV ratings, a disabled lawyer named Evan Kemp published an editorial that stunned readers.
1981 年，在经历了二十多年的巨大电视收视率之后，一位名叫埃文·坎普 (Evan Kemp) 的残疾律师发表了一篇令读者震惊的社论。
With its emphasis on poster children, he wrote, telethons equate disability "with total hopelessness."
他写道，由于电视马拉松强调的是典型儿童，因此将残疾等同于“完全绝望”。
[Article: Aiding the Disabled: No Pity, Please.
[文章：援助残疾人：请不要怜悯。
Playing to pity may raise money, but it also raises walls of fear between the public and us.
怜悯可能会筹集资金，但也会在公众和我们之间增加恐惧之墙。
A parade sign: Keep the Wheel Chairs Empty.
游行标志：保持轮椅空着。
News articles: Polio Poster Girls on Parade.
新闻文章：小儿麻痹症海报女孩游行。
They wear signs reading: We need you for mother’s march on polio, Friday January 31st.
他们戴着标语，上面写着：1 月 31 日星期五，我们需要您参加母亲抗击脊髓灰质炎游行。
Stars Helping Dimes Drive.
星星帮助一毛钱开车。
A young Cyndi grins in a photo.
照片中年轻的王心凌咧着嘴笑。
Low instrumentals play.]
低沉的乐器演奏。]
When I was five-and-a-half, I was chosen to be a poster child for March of Dimes.
当我五岁半的时候，我被选为“一毛钱游行”的典型代表。
I was chosen because I was blonde, blue-eyed, and braced.
我被选中是因为我金发碧眼，精神饱满。
I was, like, queen for a day.
我就像有一天的女王。
I was in the parade and on the float.
我参加了游行和花车。
I was in first grade, and March of Dimes had used my photo for a flyer to promote polio vaccines.
我当时上一年级，March of Dimes 用我的照片制作传单来宣传脊髓灰质炎疫苗。
My teacher says, "Oh, we have a flyer with Cynthia's photo on it." So she passes it back.
我的老师说：“哦，我们有一张传单，上面有辛西娅的照片。”所以她把它传了回来。
And I wondered, what photo did they use?
我想知道他们用的是哪张照片？
Was it the party photo?
这是聚会照片吗？
Was it this photo?
是这张照片吗？
That photo?
那张照片？
And I got the flyer on my desk, I thought, "Oh, my gosh." They used a photo of two kids running through a field.
我把传单放在桌子上，我想，“哦，天哪。”他们使用了两个孩子穿过田野的照片。
And it said, "This," and me in my party dress, and it said, "Not this." I was shocked.
它说，“这个”，而我穿着派对礼服，它说，“不是这个。”我很震惊。
I, even now when I speak it, I am horrified.
我，即使现在说出来，我也感到害怕。
I wanted to crawl under my desk.
我想爬到桌子底下。
So in an instant, I realized nobody wanted to be like me.
所以在那一刻，我意识到没有人想像我一样。
[In a new scene, a bell tolls in black and white footage.
[在一个新场景中，黑白镜头中的钟声响起。
The Notre Dame Cathedral.
巴黎圣母院。
Grand spandrels and arches.
宏伟的拱肩和拱门。
The Hunchback of Notre Dame, his shoulders wide and round, his face asymmetrical.]
巴黎圣母院的驼背，肩膀又宽又圆，脸不对称。]
What's the matter?
怎么了？
That eye.
那只眼睛。
Staring at me.
盯着我。
The blockbuster 1939 movie "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" underscored the impossibility of blending into an able-bodied world.
1939 年轰动一时的电影《巴黎圣母院的驼背》强调了融入健全的世界是不可能的。
When we see "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," what you see is someone who wants to participate, but is pushed out, and he hides in the shadows.
当我们看《巴黎圣母院》时，你看到的是一个想参与但被排挤的人，他躲在阴影里。
If you have a disability, is that what you're supposed to do?
如果你有残疾，那是你应该做的吗？
You're supposed to hide in the shadows?
你应该躲在阴影里吗？
[Materials from a Fitter Families Contest read: Some people are born to be a burden on the rest.
[来自“Fitter Families Contest”的材料如下：有些人生来就是别人的负担。
From San Francisco Order Number 783: Any person who is diseased, mutilated, so as to be disgusting, not allowed in public places.
来自旧金山第 783 号命令：任何患病、残害、以致令人厌恶的人，不得进入公共场所。
Black and white photos of men on the street, one with an eye patch, another blind, a third with crutches.]
街上男人的黑白照片，其中一个戴着眼罩，另一个盲人，第三个拄着拐杖。]
Negative attitudes toward the disabled were formally sanctioned more than 100 years prior, with the eugenics movement, an ideology that viewed disability through the distorted science of Social Darwinism.
一百多年前，优生学运动就正式认可了对残疾人的消极态度，优生学运动是一种通过社会达尔文主义的扭曲科学来看待残疾的意识形态。
Over half the states in the country had laws allowing compulsory sterilization.
该国一半以上的州制定了允许强制绝育的法律。
Alongside the rise of eugenics, cities across the United States began to pass what became known as the ugly laws.
随着优生学的兴起，美国各地的城市开始通过所谓的丑陋法律。
[Lawrence Carter-Long, Disability Rights Advocate, with cropped gray hair and a light gray blazer.]
[劳伦斯·卡特-朗，残疾人权利倡导者，留着灰色短发，穿着浅灰色西装外套。]
In San Francisco, the law said if you were diseased, mutilated, that you shouldn't be on public display.
在旧金山，法律规定，如果你生病了、被肢解了，就不应该公开露面。
It was "out of sight, out of mind" as public policy.
作为公共政策，它是“眼不见心不烦”。
[News footage of a street lined with trees on an overcast day.
[阴天时一条街道两旁树木的新闻镜头。
Low instrumentals continue.]
低音乐器继续。]
Doctors often advised families that the best place for the disabled child was in an institution, even encouraging them to never mention the child again.
医生经常建议家庭，残疾儿童最好的地方是在机构中，甚至鼓励他们不要再提起这个孩子。
At dinnertime on February 2, 1972, millions of Americans watched in horror as TV reporter Geraldo Rivera exposed the conditions at the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island.
1972 年 2 月 2 日晚餐时间，数百万美国人惊恐地看着电视记者杰拉尔多·里维拉 (Geraldo Rivera) 曝光了斯塔顿岛威洛布鲁克州立学校的情况。
Willowbrook was the largest institution in the country for children with developmental disabilities.
Willowbrook 是该国最大的发育障碍儿童机构。
[Inside the institution, individuals sit along a wall appearing despondent.
[在机构内，人们坐在墙边，表情沮丧。
In a dark bathroom, patients lay on the ground under a row of sinks, rocking back and forth.]
在一间黑暗的浴室里，病人躺在一排水槽下的地上，来回摇晃。]
We toured building number six.
我们参观了六号楼。
They were making a pitiful sound, the kind of mournful wail that it's impossible for me to forget.
他们发出凄惨的声音，那种哀号让我难以忘怀。
[Arlene Mayerson, Directing Attorney, Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund.
[Arlene Mayerson，残疾人权利教育和辩护基金主任律师。
Arlene has long white hair in soft waves, pearl hoop earrings and a matching pearl necklace.]
阿琳有一头柔软的白发，戴着珍珠耳环和配套的珍珠项链。]
Disabled people being treated...
残疾人正在接受治疗...
I don't think it would be allowed in a zoo for the animals now.
我认为现在动物园里的动物是不允许这样做的。
It was a shock to the nation.
这震惊了全国。
[Chatter as people on the street protest Willowbrook.
[街上的人们抗议威洛布鲁克，议论纷纷。
Signs read: Willowbrook Death Toll: 90 in 1970, 130 in 1971.
标牌上写着：威洛布鲁克死亡人数：1970 年 90 人，1971 年 130 人。
Please help give our children a chance at life.]
请帮助我们的孩子获得生命的机会。]
The Willowbrook exposé ignited a national movement that would lift disability out of the shadows.
威洛布鲁克事件的曝光引发了一场全国运动，旨在让残疾问题走出阴影。
In California, a group of disabled college students began to envision a new way forward.
在加利福尼亚州，一群残疾大学生开始设想一条新的前进道路。
With a $250 donation from the local Rotary Club, they formed C.I.L., the Center for Independent Living, in Berkeley.
他们利用当地扶轮社的 250 美元捐款，在伯克利成立了 C.I.L.（独立生活中心）。
[Cars on the Golden Gate Bridge.
[金门大桥上的汽车。
A young Mary Lou answers a corded telephone.
年轻的玛丽·卢接听有线电话。
Instrumentals pick up in pace.]
器乐节奏加快。]
This is about your membership.
这是关于您的会员资格的。
Yeah?
是的？
Are you gonna be able to...
你能不能...
If you needed government assistance, there were people that could help you navigate that byzantine system.
如果您需要政府援助，有人可以帮助您驾驭这个错综复杂的系统。
We find attendants for disabled people in our target area.
我们在目标区域寻找残疾人服务员。
We have counseling, transportation service...
我们有咨询、交通服务...
If your wheelchair was broken, there were people who could teach you how to fix it.
如果您的轮椅坏了，有人可以教您如何修理。
So for the first time in many people's lives, they were given the opportunity to dream, where someone would ask, "What do you want to do with your life?"
因此，许多人一生中第一次有机会实现梦想，有人会问：“你想做什么？”
The center became a magnet for young people across the country.
该中心吸引了全国各地的年轻人。
Mary Lou Breslin immediately saw the potential of the organization.
玛丽·卢·布雷斯林立即看到了该组织的潜力。
I quit my job, gave up my retirement plan...
我辞职了，放弃了退休计划……
[chuckling] ...and went to work for C.I.L.
[咯咯笑] ...然后去为 C.I.L. 工作。
There, she met Pat Wright, who was legally blind.
在那里，她遇到了法定盲人帕特·赖特。
[Pat Wright, Co-Founder, Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund.
[帕特·赖特，残疾人权利教育和防御基金联合创始人。
Pat wears large glasses, a collared shirt, a colorful striped scarf, and gray hair tied back.]
帕特戴着大眼镜，穿着有领衬衫，围着彩色条纹围巾，灰色的头发绑在脑后。]
I did the trek that a lot of disabled people do.
我做了很多残疾人都会做的长途跋涉。
I went from an East Coast lifestyle to living in Berkeley during the '60s.
20 世纪 60 年代，我从东海岸的生活方式搬到了伯克利。
The civil rights movement, the women's movement, and that's how I became radicalized about ownership of disability.
民权运动、妇女运动，这就是我对残疾所有权变得激进的原因。
In the cauldron of political awakening, another C.I.L.
在政治觉醒的大锅中，另一位 C.I.L.
member, Judy Heumann, would inspire the burgeoning activists to demand entry into the mainstream of American life.
成员朱迪·休曼（Judy Heumann）将激励新兴的活动人士要求进入美国生活的主流。
[A young Judy Heuman in a wheelchair, wearing a polka dotted blouse and dangling earrings.
[年轻的朱迪·休曼坐在轮椅上，穿着一件圆点衬衫，戴着悬挂的耳环。
In a candid photo, Judy points to a chalkboard.
在一张偷拍的照片中，朱迪指着一块黑板。
Instrumentals slow in pace.]
器乐节奏缓慢。]
I had this image of the American dream-- if I worked hard at school and if I really studied and if I did everything that I was told to do, I would be able to go out and then get a job.
我有这样的美国梦形象——如果我在学校努力学习，如果我真正学习，如果我做了我被告知要做的一切，我就能出去然后找到工作。
When Judy was denied the right to teach, despite her qualifications, she sued the New York City Board of Education and won.
当朱迪被剥夺了教书的权利时，尽管她有资格，她起诉了纽约市教育委员会并获胜。
Eager to make an impact beyond the classroom, a few years later, she became C.I.L.'s deputy director.
几年后，她渴望在课堂之外产生影响，成为 C.I.L. 的副主任。
C.I.L.
C.I.L.
is run by persons with various kinds of physical disabilities: blindness, deafness, persons with mental retardation.
由患有各种身体残疾的人经营：失明、耳聋、智力低下的人。
Disabled people have begun to band much more closely together to form what I would define as the movement.
残疾人已经开始更加紧密地团结在一起，形成我所定义的运动。
The start of that movement would coincide with an unforeseen development for people with disabilities.
该运动的开始恰逢残疾人的意外发展。
On September 26, 1973, President Richard Nixon signed what most considered a modest update to the 55-year-old Rehabilitation Act, providing services for veterans.
1973 年 9 月 26 日，理查德·尼克松总统签署了对已有 55 年历史的《康复法案》的适度更新，为退伍军人提供服务。
But at the very end of the 190-page document, in a section marked 504, was a surprising addition.
但在这份 190 页文档的最后，标记为 504 的部分中添加了令人惊讶的内容。
A staffer added 46 words that barred discrimination against the disabled in federally funded institutions.
一名工作人员添加了 46 个词，禁止在联邦资助的机构中歧视残疾人。
The innocuous language went mostly unnoticed, except by the disability community.
除了残疾人群体之外，这种无伤大雅的语言基本上没有引起人们的注意。
[President Nixon sits at his desk to sign documents, a group of individuals standing behind him.
[尼克松总统坐在办公桌前签署文件，一群人站在他身后。
Section 504: Nondiscrimination under Federal grants and programs.
第 504 条：联邦拨款和计划下的非歧视。
No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States, as defined in section 7[20], shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.]
在美国，任何符合第 7[20] 条定义的其他合格残疾人士均不得仅仅因为其残疾而被排除在接受联邦财政援助的任何计划或活动之外、被剥夺其福利或受到歧视。]
504 was the first time that the word "discrimination" and "disability" were linked.
504是第一次将“歧视”和“残疾”一词联系起来。
But same treatment, which was the model for race and sex discrimination, was not going to work for people with disabilities.
但同样的待遇，即种族和性别歧视的模式，并不适用于残疾人。
In order to have equal opportunity, there had to be accommodations.
为了拥有平等的机会，必须有住宿。
Everything was architecturally inaccessible virtually everywhere in the world.
世界上几乎所有地方的一切在建筑上都是难以接近的。
[chuckles] The restrooms in my high school were not accessible, so...[chuckles]...it wasn't possible, actually, to use the restroom during the day.
[笑]我高中的洗手间不方便使用，所以...[笑]...实际上，白天不可能使用洗手间。
But I finally figured out that I could go into a parking lot, put my foot up on a bumper, slide out to the edge of my chair, and pee on the ground.
但我最终发现我可以走进停车场，把脚放在保险杠上，滑到椅子边缘，然后在地上撒尿。
[laughs] And I did that for years and years.
[笑]我这样做了很多年。
There were barriers every single step of the way.
每一步都充满障碍。
[Black and white protest photos.
[黑白抗议照片。
A black and white class photo.
一张黑白班级照。
Dozens of students sit together on bleachers lifted above the ground.
数十名学生坐在高出地面的看台上。
One student, in a wheelchair and unable to ascend the bleachers, sits alone at the bottom of the photo.]
一名坐在轮椅上的学生无法登上看台，独自坐在照片的底部。]
Translating the concept embodied in the 46 words into practice would be up to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare-- H.E.W.
将这 46 个字所体现的概念转化为实践将取决于卫生、教育和福利部——H.E.W.
Within months, staffers readied a broad set of regulations for approval by the head of the department.
几个月之内，工作人员就准备好了一套广泛的法规，供部门负责人批准。
But nothing happened.
但什么也没发生。
Disability activists would watch in dismay as two successive administrations, Nixon and Ford, did not move forward on implementing Section 504.
尼克松和福特这两届政府没有继续实施第 504 条，残疾活动人士将会感到沮丧。
[Article: HEW Guidelines Will Aid Disabled.
[文章：HEW 指南将帮助残疾人。
A crowd cheers at a Jimmy Carter rally.
吉米·卡特集会上，人群欢呼。
He smiles and shakes hands.]
他微笑着握手。]
I love everybody here.
我爱这里的每个人。
You've been great to me-- thank you very much!
你对我太好了——非常感谢你！
When Jimmy Carter was elected president, hopes were raised once again.
当吉米·卡特当选总统时，人们的希望再次燃起。
[John Wodatch, Disability Rights Attorney, with short gray hair and a suit jacket.
[约翰·沃达奇，残疾人权利律师，灰色短发，穿着西装外套。
Article text reads: Signing ‘504 Regulations’ Could Cost Billions.]
文章正文如下：签署‘504条例’可能花费数十亿美元。]
Joe Califano was the secretary of H.E.W.
乔·卡利法诺 (Joe Califano) 是 H.E.W. 的秘书。
They had promised us they will sign this regulation.
他们向我们承诺他们将签署这项规定。
Joe Califano takes a look at it.
乔·卡利法诺看了看。
And I worked for him, I know he said, "Why should I issue something "that the Republican administration wrote, "and they wouldn't even put it out?
我为他工作，我知道他说，“为什么我应该发布一些”共和党政府写的东西，“而他们甚至不会发布它？
"What do you want me to do?
“你想让我做什么？
I'm not going to do this right now." And the disability community...
我现在不会这样做。”而残疾人社区......
[chuckles] ...um, had had enough.
[笑]……嗯，受够了。
[Chanting protesters over low instrumentals.]
[抗议者用低沉的乐器高喊口号。]
On April 5, 1977, activists representing a full range of disabilities came together for a historic show of unity.
1977 年 4 月 5 日，代表各类残疾人的活动人士齐聚一堂，展现了历史性的团结精神。
They held demonstrations at H.E.W.
他们在 H.E.W. 举行了示威活动。
headquarters in Washington, D.C., and at regional offices from coast to coast.
总部位于华盛顿特区，并在全国各地设有地区办事处。
Their demand: that Joseph Califano sign the 504 regulations immediately.
他们的要求是：约瑟夫·卡利法诺立即签署 504 条例。
[Chanting]: Sign 504!
[念诵]：签署504！
Sign 504!
签署504！
Sign 504!
签署504！
[Dennis Billups, Disability Rights Activist.
[丹尼斯·比卢普斯，残疾人权利活动家。
Dennis has short white hair and wears dark sunglasses and a green long-sleeve shirt.]
丹尼斯有一头白色短发，戴着墨镜，穿着绿色长袖衬衫。]
I told my mother, "I'm just going to this rally about disabilities." I got there, started listening to Judy and the other people, and they started talking about different disability rights, and I was hooked.
我告诉妈妈，“我只是要去参加这个关于残疾的集会。”我到了那里，开始听朱迪和其他人说话，他们开始谈论不同的残疾人权利，我被迷住了。
[Young Dennis speaking into a megaphone.
[年轻的丹尼斯对着扩音器讲话。
Instrumentals gain traction.]
器乐越来越受欢迎。]
The protests lasted at most a day or two, except in San Francisco, where over 100 activists marched inside the Federal Building, occupied the fourth floor, and refused to leave.
抗议活动最多持续一两天，但旧金山除外，100多名活动人士在联邦大楼内游行，占领了四楼，拒绝离开。
[Activists, many in wheelchairs, occupy and fill entire hallways and rooms.
[许多坐着轮椅的活动人士占据并挤满了整个走廊和房间。
Individuals help each other in and out of wheelchairs and administer medications.
人们互相帮助上下轮椅并服用药物。
They sleep in rows on mattresses lining the office floor.
他们成排地睡在办公室地板上的床垫上。
One occupier blows bubbles and smiles.
一名占领者一边吹泡泡一边微笑。
A protest sign: CALIFANO SIGN OR RESIGN.]
抗议标语：CALIFANO SIGN OR RESIGN。]
It's the first really militant thing that disabled people have ever done.
这是残疾人所做的第一件真正激进的事情。
We feel like we're building a real social movement.
我们感觉我们正在开展一场真正的社会运动。
We didn't know if the police were going to come.
我们不知道警察是否会来。
We didn't know where we were going to get our food, our blankets.
我们不知道从哪里得到食物和毯子。
We didn't know who was going to turn me over, or who was going to make sure I took my medicine.
我们不知道谁会把我转过来，也不知道谁会确保我服药。
Churches began to come out and help us.
教会开始出来帮助我们。
The Black Panthers brought food, they brought clothing, they brought medical supplies.
黑豹党带来了食物，他们带来了衣服，他们带来了医疗用品。
This is what happens after you've been inside the, uh, H.E.W.
这就是你进入，呃，H.E.W. 后发生的事情。
for how long?
持续多久？
What, there are 12 days?
什么，还有12天？
13 days.
13天。
13 days.
13天。
13 days.
13天。
Joe Califano was hearing from members of Congress, "What are you doing?
乔·卡利法诺听到国会议员说：“你们在做什么？
This is not a good image." But Califano was adamant.
这不是一个好形象。”但卡利法诺态度坚决。
He was not going to be bullied by this.
他可不会因此而被欺负。
He was gonna take his time.
他要慢慢来。
And so we were at loggerheads.
于是我们就陷入了争执。
It was time to be "mad as hell and I can't take it anymore." We decided to send a delegation to Washington.
是时候“发疯了，我再也受不了了”。我们决定派代表团前往华盛顿。
We flew to Dulles Airport.
我们飞往杜勒斯机场。
We didn't have a way of getting anywhere, so the International Association of Machinists rented a huge truck.
我们没有办法去任何地方，所以国际机械师协会租了一辆大卡车。
They loaded us all in and we rode in the back of the truck to a church in Washington, D.C.
他们把我们全部装上车，我们坐在卡车后部前往华盛顿特区的一座教堂。
The first night that we got to D.C., I said, "We got to do something now!
我们到达华盛顿的第一个晚上，我说：“我们现在必须做点什么！
"Let's have a candlelight vigil.
“让我们举行烛光守夜吧。
Let's get in Califano's face and let him know." They said, "Well, he's not at his office." I said, "Well, we're not going to his office.
让我们当着卡利法诺的面让他知道吧。”他们说：“好吧，他不在办公室。”我说：“好吧，我们不去他的办公室。
We're going to his house." [chuckles] Judy said, "That's a great idea." So we went to his house.
我们要去他家。” [笑]朱迪说：“这是个好主意。”于是我们就去了他家。
I've never heard so many sirens.
我从来没有听过这么多警报声。
Everybody came out, and they watched us do a candlelight vigil for 504, and it blew everybody's mind.
每个人都出来了，他们看着我们为 504 举行烛光守夜活动，这让每个人都大吃一惊。
[From the vigil - Candle light glows in dark black and white photos, protesters gathered outside Califano’s two story home.
[来自守夜活动——深色黑白照片中烛光闪烁，抗议者聚集在卡利法诺的两层住宅外。
Officers stand by.
官员们待命。
Instrumentals continue.]
器乐继续。]
I get summoned to Califano's office.
我被叫到卡利法诺的办公室。
He's furious.
他很生气。
He said, "In the worst days of racial discrimination, "no one ever protested at the home of all these terrible racists, and they come to my home to protest." It, it just infuriated him.
他说，“在种族歧视最严重的日子里，“没有人在所有这些可怕的种族主义者的家里抗议，他们却来到我家抗议。”这让他愤怒了。
PROTESTERS [chanting]: One, two, three, four, what'll we get from 504?
抗议者[高喊]：一、二、三、四，我们将从 504 中得到什么？
One, two, three, four, what'll we get from 504?
一、二、三、四，我们从 504 中得到什么？
One, two, three, four...
一、二、三、四……
I was gonna ask why you did not meet with the demonstrators this week.
我想问你为什么这周没有与示威者会面。
Well, there's an illegal demonstration going on -in San Francisco, and I just, uh...
嗯，旧金山正在发生非法示威，我只是，呃......
-[murmuring] ...don't think it's appropriate to do that.
-[低声]……我认为这样做不合适。
I understand you agreed to meet with them and canceled that-- is that true?
我了解到您同意与他们会面并取消了——是这样吗？
Having reached an impasse, the protesters returned to San Francisco determined to continue the sit-in.
陷入僵局后，抗议者返回旧金山，决定继续静坐。
It was now the longest non-violent occupation of a federal building in U.S. history.
这是美国历史上对联邦大楼最长的非暴力占领。
MAN [on speaker]: We want our civil rights!
男子（对发言者）：我们想要我们的公民权利！
Finally, after nearly a month, the bad publicity forced Califano's hand.
最终，近一个月后，负面的舆论迫使卡利法诺被迫出手。
With approval from the White House, he signed the 504 regulations.
经白宫批准，他签署了504条例。
[He smiles while signing.
[他微笑着签名。
Demonstrators cheer, smile, and embrace.]
示威者欢呼、微笑和拥抱。]
35 million handicapped Americans won a big victory today.
今天，3500万美国残疾人取得了重大胜利。
From now on, every institution, every school or hospital or college which gets money from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare will have to provide full facilities for the handicapped.
从现在起，从卫生、教育和福利部获得资金的每一个机构、每所学校、每所医院或学院都必须为残疾人提供全套设施。
They will have three years in which to do this.
他们将有三年的时间来做到这一点。
Ultimately, all institutions receiving any federal support will have to do the same thing.
最终，所有接受联邦支持的机构都必须做同样的事情。
[Crowds cheer and applaud.
[人群欢呼鼓掌。
Hopeful instrumentals play.]
充满希望的乐器演奏。]
I'm very happy.
我很高兴。
Yes, this shows that the country is waking up.
是的，这表明这个国家正在觉醒。
When I heard it was signed, it was like a great relief.
当我听到它被签署时，我感到如释重负。
We had finally opened the door to make sure disabled persons were actually heard.
我们终于打开了门，以确保残疾人的声音能够被真正听到。
It was so memorable that I can tell you when the sun was, and I can tell you how the wind was, and I can tell you all of that stuff.
这真是令人难忘，我可以告诉你太阳什么时候出来，我可以告诉你风怎么样，我可以告诉你所有这些东西。
The euphoria over the 504 victory, however, would be short-lived.
然而，504 胜利带来的喜悦是短暂的。
The Supreme Court handed what may be a major legal setback to handicapped Americans today.
今天，最高法院给美国残疾人带来了可能是一个重大的法律挫折。
The court ruled that educational institutions are not required to make significant changes in their programs to accommodate the handicapped.
法院裁定，教育机构无需对其课程进行重大改变以适应残疾人。
[Articles read: Supreme Court to Hear Handicapped Pupils Case.
[文章阅读：最高法院审理残疾学生案。
Supreme Court Rules Against Handicapped.
最高法院裁定不利于残疾人。
Supreme Court Decision: Handicapped Lose Court Fight.
最高法院判决：残疾人输掉法庭斗争。
Ruling is Posing New Obstacles for Disabled.
该裁决给残疾人带来了新的障碍。
Handicapped Children, Housing Industry Dealt Blows.
残疾儿童、房地产业遭受打击。
Handicapped Bring Discrimination Suit.
残疾人携带歧视服。
Supreme Court Rule Slows Handicapped.
最高法院的裁决放慢了残疾人的步伐。
Supreme Court Hands Handicapped Key Setback.]
最高法院给残疾人带来了重大挫折。]
Within two years, it became evident that the 46 words in the Rehabilitation Act would not be enough to protect the regulations from a barrage of lawsuits.
两年之内，人们发现《康复法案》中的 46 个字不足以保护该法规免遭一连串的诉讼。
Activists, already shaken by the legal defeats, viewed the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 with foreboding.
活动人士已经因法律上的失败而感到震惊，他们对 1980 年罗纳德·里根的当选抱有不祥的预感。
[A crowd cheers.
[人群欢呼。
Ronald Reagan smiles and waves as he enters a spirited Reagan rally.
罗纳德·里根在参加热闹的里根集会时微笑着挥手致意。
Signs read: This is Reagan Country.
标牌上写着：这是里根国家。
How do you spell relief?
救济的拼音怎么写？
R-E-A-G-A-N.
R-E-A-G-A-N。
Ralph Neas, Executive Director, Leadership Council on Civil Human Rights.
拉尔夫·尼斯 (Ralph Neas)，公民人权领导委员会执行主任。
Ralph has dark gray hair pushed back, wearing a suit coat and button up shirt.]
拉尔夫深灰色的头发向后梳，穿着西装外套和纽扣衬衫。]
Ronald Reagan's philosophy of government was limiting government as much as possible.
罗纳德·里根的政府哲学是尽可能地限制政府。
And Section 504 was one of the first targets.
504 条款是首批目标之一。
Wasting no time, Reagan established a task force aimed at slashing regulations and put Vice President George H.W.
里根立即成立了一个旨在削减监管的工作组，并任命副总统乔治·H·W·布什 (George H.W.
Bush in charge.
布什负责。
But we really believe that the American people are saying with a rather united voice, "We've gone too far in the federal government regulating things."
但我们确实相信，美国人民正在以相当一致的声音说：“我们联邦政府在监管方面做得太过分了。”
The task force listed 27 existing regulations it wants to open up for review and possible change.
该工作组列出了 27 项现有法规，希望开放供审查和可能的修改。
Some examples: education of handicapped children.
一些例子：残疾儿童的教育。
There is no cost estimate, the task force noted.
特别工作组指出，没有成本估算。
Requiring cities to adapt buses and subways for the handicapped-- very expensive.
要求城市为残疾人士改造公共汽车和地铁——非常昂贵。
I recall the day that I was asked to go to a meeting where my job was to defend Section 504 from people who wanted to get rid of it.
我记得有一天，我被要求参加一个会议，我的工作是捍卫 504 条款，使其免受那些想要废除该条款的人的侵害。
I felt the weight of the world on my shoulders.
我感到世界的重量压在我的肩上。
[A younger John Wodatch in his office.
[年轻的约翰·沃达奇在他的办公室里。
In a photograph, a man in a wheelchair looks directly into the camera.
在一张照片中，一名坐在轮椅上的男子直视镜头。
He sits in front of the steps of a bus, a sign taped to his chair reading: Home should not be a prison!!!
他坐在公共汽车的台阶前，椅子上贴着一块牌子，上面写着：家不应该是监狱！
Low instrumentals play.
低沉的乐器演奏。
Another sign: Separate is never equal.]
另一个迹象：分离永远不平等。]
People with disabilities all over the country were, like, "Wait a minute.
全国各地的残疾人都会说，“等一下。
We just got our civil rights"...
我们刚刚获得了公民权利”...
I have the chills just even saying it.
光是这么说我就浑身发冷。
"We just got our civil rights, and you're saying we, we, "we're going to go, go back?
“我们刚刚获得公民权利，你是说我们，我们，”我们要走，回去？
"No. We're not going back."
“不。我们不会回去。”
We realized that the only way to stop it was to show that people with disabilities could be a political force.
我们意识到，阻止这种情况的唯一方法是表明残疾人可以成为一股政治力量。
We recognized that there needed to be a national defense fund for people with disabilities.
我们认识到需要为残疾人设立国防基金。
In Berkeley, a small team spun off from the Center for Independent Living and formed DREDF, Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, teasingly calling themselves "the Dreadfuls."
在伯克利，一个小团队从独立生活中心分离出来，成立了 DREDF（残疾人权利教育和防御基金），并戏谑地称自己为“可怕者”。
That was part of the reputation we wanted to develop.
这是我们想要建立的声誉的一部分。
And not only were we into law reform and policy, but we were a political reckoning that you had to deal with.
我们不仅涉及法律改革和政策，而且还涉及您必须应对的政治清算。
In short order, DREDF brought on attorney Arlene Mayerson.
很快，DREDF 聘请了律师阿琳·梅森 (Arlene Mayerson)。
We had a warehouse across the street from Center for Independent Living.
我们在独立生活中心的街对面有一个仓库。
It was just as grassroots as you can possibly imagine.
正如你所能想象的那样，它是草根阶层。
[An office full of cubicles.
[一间布满小隔间的办公室。
Team members sit at desks and smile.
团队成员坐在办公桌前微笑。
Over 20 people smile and pose together at the office, some in wheelchairs, others standing.]
办公室里有 20 多人微笑着摆姿势，一些人坐在轮椅上，另一些人站着。]
DREDF began conceiving of an overarching piece of legislation that would cement the rights of the disabled in the same way civil rights laws had done for race and gender, expanding beyond federally funded organizations into every aspect of American life.
DREDF 开始构思一项总体立法，该立法将巩固残疾人的权利，就像民权法对种族和性别的影响一样，将范围从联邦政府资助的组织扩展到美国生活的各个方面。
We realized if we wanted to make a difference in terms of advancing civil rights, we would need to open a Washington office.
我们意识到，如果我们想在推进公民权利方面有所作为，我们需要在华盛顿设立办事处。
It was the first problem we have.
这是我们遇到的第一个问题。
We all loved living in Berkeley.
我们都喜欢住在伯克利。
So we decided I had blonde hair and Arlene had pearls.
所以我们决定我有一头金发，阿琳有一头珍珠。
[On a sunny day, people pack an outdoor event.
[在阳光明媚的日子里，人们举办户外活动。
Many lounge on the grass listening to a guitarist play.
许多人躺在草地上听吉他手演奏。
Someone throws darts at a portrait of Ronald and Nancy Reagan, their faces imposed onto an American Gothic artwork.
有人向罗纳德·里根和南希·里根的肖像扔飞镖，他们的脸被印在了美国哥特式艺术品上。
A sign reads: Reagan is Crippling the Disabled.
标语上写着：里根正在致残残疾人。
Groovy music plays.]
美妙的音乐响起。]
I had pearls.
我有珍珠。
[Arlene smiles and touches the string of pearls around her neck.] And you're presentable in a way that would be useful in Washington.
[阿琳微笑着，摸了摸脖子上的珍珠串。] 而且你很得体，这对华盛顿很有用。
The DREDF team arrived in D.C. on a shoestring budget with no place to live, no office, and no access to the corridors of power.
DREDF 团队抵达华盛顿特区时预算有限，没有住所，没有办公室，也无法进入权力走廊。
In a lucky break, Evan Kemp, the man who had written the scathing op-ed against the Jerry Lewis telethon, came to their aid.
幸运的是，埃文·坎普（Evan Kemp）向他们伸出了援助之手，埃文·坎普是撰写了严厉反对杰里·刘易斯电视马拉松的专栏文章的人。
More than a decade older, Kemp was part of the D.C. establishment.
坎普年长十多岁，是华盛顿特区的一员。
[A photo of Kemp.
[坎普的照片。
A younger Pat kicks her feet up in a photo, laughing.
照片中，年轻的帕特抬起脚，笑着。
Instrumentals conclude Then, the Capitol Building at night and close up footage of a card game.]
器乐结束然后，国会大厦在晚上和纸牌游戏的特写镜头。]
He was a strong Republican out of Cleveland, Ohio.
他是来自俄亥俄州克利夫兰的一位坚定的共和党人。
He showed up for work every day in a suit and tie.
他每天都穿着西装、打着领带去上班。
No one quite knew what to make of us, but Evan found us very entertaining.
没有人知道我们是怎样的人，但埃文发现我们非常有趣。
In a surprising twist, it was Evan Kemp's hobby that gave DREDF entrance into the highest ranks of Washington politics.
令人惊讶的是，正是埃文·坎普的爱好让 DREDF 进入了华盛顿政坛的最高层。
Kemp played bridge with Boyden Gray, White House general counsel and a close confidant of Vice President Bush.
坎普与白宫总法律顾问、布什副总统的密友博伊登·格雷（Boyden Gray）打桥牌。
The bridge games really facilitated the deepening of the relationship.
桥牌游戏确实促进了关系的加深。
Boyden's understanding of disability, I'm absolutely convinced, came about as a result of those conversations.
我绝对相信，博伊登对残疾的理解是这些谈话的结果。
Evan Kemp helped us build relationships with people who proved to be key players in Washington.
埃文·坎普帮助我们与华盛顿的关键人物建立了关系。
It wasn't long before the back-channel connections paid off.
没过多久，秘密渠道的联系就得到了回报。
In January 1982, DREDF received leaked information confirming that Section 504 programs were on the chopping block.
1982 年 1 月，DREDF 收到泄露的信息，确认第 504 条计划已被搁置。
The team quickly mobilized.
团队迅速动员起来。
We sent out alerts, and when I say, "We sent out alerts," I mean we, you know, typed them and then Xeroxed them.
我们发出了警报，当我说“我们发出了警报”时，我的意思是我们，你知道，将它们输入然后复印。
[chuckles] You know, there weren't a lot of mechanisms to get the word out.
[笑]你知道，没有太多的机制来传达信息。
I, I say to my students, "You put a stamp on and then you put it in a mailbox."
我，我对我的学生说，“你贴上邮票，然后把它放进邮箱。”
[Hands place envelopes into mailboxes.
[双手将信封放入邮箱。
Boxes of envelopes fill the floor of a mailroom.]
收发室的地板上堆满了成箱的信封。]
Tens of thousands of letters arrived at the White House.
数万封信件抵达白宫。
So one time, we were walking into a meeting at the White House and they said, "Whoa!
有一次，我们走进白宫参加一场会议，他们说：“哇！
"We've gotten 40,000 letters about a deregulation that we've never even announced." [people talking in background]
“我们收到了 40,000 封关于放松管制的信件，但我们从未宣布过。” [人们在后台说话]
Faced with a deluge of letters and phone calls, Vice President Bush relented.
面对大量的信件和电话，副总统布什态度软化了。
Section 504 was declared off-limits.
第 504 条被宣布为禁区。
Although DREDF had thwarted an attack on the regulations this time, the need for a fail-safe civil rights bill became more urgent.
尽管 DREDF 这次挫败了对法规的攻击，但制定一份万无一失的民权法案的必要性变得更加迫切。
The young activists had no experience getting legislation off the ground, let alone a bill of such magnitude.
这些年轻的活动人士没有推动立法的经验，更不用说如此大规模的法案了。
Then they joined forces with Justin Dart.
然后他们与贾斯汀·达特联手。
[In old footage, Justin Dart, Advocate, Justice For All.
[在旧镜头中，贾斯汀·达特，倡导者，为所有人伸张正义。
On top of a red ramp on an otherwise white set, Justin sits in a wheelchair wearing a cowboy hat, an oxygen tube, and glasses at the tip of his nose.]
在白色场景的红色坡道顶部，贾斯汀坐在轮椅上，戴着牛仔帽，戴着氧气管，鼻尖上戴着眼镜。]
Well, I always believed in fighting for civil rights.
嗯，我一直相信为民权而战。
I've done that since I was 20 years old.
我从20岁起就这么做了。
Nobody is going to give us rights.
没有人会给我们权利。
We are going to take rights.
我们要争取权利。
Justin Dart, the son of a major Republican fundraiser, was in a unique position to navigate Washington's inner circle.
贾斯汀·达特是共和党一位重要筹款人的儿子，在华盛顿的核心圈子中处于独特的地位。
[Steve Bartlett, former U.S. Representative, Republican, Texas.
[史蒂夫·巴特利特，前美国众议员，德克萨斯州共和党人。
Short parted gray hair and an American flag pinned on his lapel.]
灰白分叉的短发，翻领上别着一面美国国旗。]
Justin just had a way of getting in to see anybody he wanted to see.
贾斯汀有办法进去见他想见的人。
He always had a cowboy hat, light-colored suits, and boots.
他总是戴着牛仔帽、浅色西装和靴子。
And he would always look you straight in the eye.
而且他总是直视你的眼睛。
I mean, when you got the Justin look, you knew you better pay attention to what he was saying.
我的意思是，当你看到贾斯汀的表情时，你就知道你最好注意他在说什么。
As vice chair of the National Council on the Handicapped, Dart reached out to Steve Bartlett, a first-term Republican congressman from Texas, who was overseeing a committee with jurisdiction over disability rights.
作为全国残疾人委员会副主席，达特联系了来自德克萨斯州的第一届共和党国会议员史蒂夫·巴特利特，后者负责监督一个对残疾人权利有管辖权的委员会。
We laid out an agenda to identify barriers to people with disabilities and present a report for what to do to remove these barriers.
我们制定了一项议程，以确定残疾人面临的障碍，并提交一份报告，说明如何消除这些障碍。
[Road signs for Colorado, New Mexico, Alaska, California, Idaho, and Florida.]
[科罗拉多州、新墨西哥州、阿拉斯加州、加利福尼亚州、爱达荷州和佛罗里达州的路标。]
On his own initiative, Dart and his wife, Yoshiko, crisscrossed the country in an old beat-up pickup truck to hold town meetings with people with disabilities, a grueling undertaking in a country that was mostly inaccessible.
达特和他的妻子芳子主动乘坐一辆破旧的皮卡车穿越全国，与残疾人举行城镇会议，这在一个几乎交通不便的国家是一项艰巨的任务。
He went to every state in this country and met with people with disabilities and asked them questions about discrimination that affected them in their everyday lives.
他走遍了这个国家的每个州，会见了残疾人，并向他们询问了影响他们日常生活的歧视问题。
We would sit there and listen till they got finished.
我们会坐在那里听，直到他们完成。
Nobody got turned away.
没有人被拒绝。
We'd sit there till 9:00 at night.
我们会在那里坐到晚上 9:00。
[Text: Disabled tell firsthand of their discrimination.
[文本：残疾人亲身讲述他们受到的歧视。
Disabled people are human.
残疾人也是人。
They have certain basic rights.
他们拥有某些基本权利。
The ability to navigate without physical barriers in their communities.
在社区中无障碍导航的能力。
Everyone has a right to a job if he wants it.
每个人都有权利获得工作，如果他愿意的话。
Disabled fight for own ‘bill of rights’.]
残疾人为自己的‘权利法案’而奋斗。]
Dart's team wove thousands of examples of hardship and discrimination into a groundbreaking road map for disability legislation.
达特的团队将数千个困难和歧视的例子编织成开创性的残疾人立法路线图。
In 1986, he presented the report to Vice President George H.W.
1986年，他向副总统乔治·H·W·布什提交了这份报告。
Bush, hoping he would bring it to President Reagan's attention.
布什希望他能引起里根总统的注意。
That report, named "Toward Independence," made clear that in order to achieve equal opportunity, the world would have to change.
这份名为《迈向独立》的报告明确表示，为了实现机会平等，世界必须改变。
[Toward Independence: An Assessment of Federal Laws and Programs Affecting Persons with Disabilities - With Legislative Recommendations.
[迈向独立：对影响残疾人的联邦法律和计划的评估 - 以及立法建议。
A Report to the President and to the Congress of the United States.
给美国总统和国会的报告。
Text inside reveals an emphasis on physical and social barriers.]
里面的文字揭示了对身体和社会障碍的强调。]
For the handicapped, most big-city subway and rail stations are a jungle of insurmountable stairs and gates.
对于残疾人来说，大多数大城市的地铁和火车站都是难以逾越的楼梯和大门的丛林。
And, with the exception of the relatively few buses that kneel at the front to lower the first step, surface transportation is not much better.
而且，除了相对少数的公交车会在前面跪下一级台阶外，地面交通也好不到哪儿去。
[Anita Cameron, Disability Rights Activist, with long dreadlocked hair gray at the root, sitting in a wheelchair.
[安妮塔·卡梅伦，残疾人权利活动家，长发绺发根已灰白，坐在轮椅上。
Then a photo, people in wheelchairs line up outside of a Greyhound bus with signs reading: It’s a DOG of a policy.
然后是一张照片，坐轮椅的人们在灰狗巴士外排队，牌子上写着：这是一项政策的狗。
Low instrumentals play.]
低沉的乐器演奏。]
The biggest arguments were that the lifts would cost way too much, or that they couldn't design a lift for the type of bus they use.
最大的争论是电梯成本太高，或者他们无法为他们使用的公交车类型设计电梯。
And a lot of it was about money.
其中很多都与金钱有关。
A lot of it.
很多。
That's sadly the thing about us as disabled people: there is a cost to our existence.
可悲的是，我们作为残疾人面临着这样的问题：我们的生存是有代价的。
The "Toward Independence" report sat on a shelf for the next two years.
《迈向独立》报告在接下来的两年里一直被束之高阁。
It had been more than a decade since Secretary Califano signed Section 504, and many of the regulations had yet to be enforced.
卡利法诺部长签署第 504 条已经十多年了，许多规定尚未执行。
[In downtown Cincinnati, wheelchair users gather.]
[在辛辛那提市中心，轮椅使用者聚集。]
Angry activists took to the streets.
愤怒的活动人士走上街头。
The most militant group was ADAPT, American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit.
最激进的组织是 ADAPT（美国残疾人无障碍公共交通组织）。
Its members were infamous for chaining their wheelchairs to buses and forming blockades at bus depots.
其成员因将轮椅拴在公交车上以及在公交车站设置封锁而臭名昭著。
[People in wheelchairs roll out in front of a braking bus.
[坐轮椅的人滚到一辆正在刹车的公共汽车前。
Protests continue, protesters are apprehended.]
抗议活动仍在继续，抗议者被捕。]
Let's go!
我们走吧！
Let's go!
我们走吧！
[protesters shouting, officers talking indistinctly]
[抗议者大喊大叫，警察含糊其辞]
It's the only way that can be gone about by people with very little money, no rights, and being ignored.
这是那些钱很少、没有权利、被忽视的人可以采取的唯一方法。
Help!
救命啊！
Come on, let's go.
来吧，我们走吧。
The disability movement was becoming bolder and more resolute.
残疾人运动变得更加大胆和坚决。
[An officer, a baton gripped firmly in his hand, rolls the wheelchair of a protestor.
[一名警官手里紧紧握着警棍，转动一名抗议者的轮椅。
The crowd shouts and calls.]
人群大喊大叫。]
In March of 1988, members of Congress were confronted with a massive protest just a mile from the Capitol.
1988 年 3 月，国会议员在距国会大厦仅一英里处遭遇大规模抗议。
Students at Gallaudet University, the premier university for the Deaf, were outraged that a hearing person had been selected to lead the institution.
首屈一指的聋人大学加劳德大学的学生对选择一名听力正常的人来领导该机构感到愤怒。
[I.
[一。
King Jordan, Dean, Gallaudet University 1986 - 1988.
King Jordan，加劳德特大学院长，1986 年至 1988 年。
In glasses and a suit and tie, Jordan uses American Sign Language simultaneously while speaking.]
乔丹戴着眼镜、穿着西装、打着领带，说话时同时使用美国手语。]
Right away, they closed the gates.
随即，他们关上了大门。
They hot-wired buses and blocked the gates.
他们给公共汽车通电并封锁了大门。
It was huge.
它是巨大的。
Everybody on campus was part of the protest.
校园里的每个人都参与了抗议活动。
[Large scale protests of students who hold signs and chant, some speaking, others signing.]
[学生举行大规模抗议活动，他们举着标语并高喊口号，一些人讲话，另一些人签名。]
In its 124-year history, the university had never appointed a Deaf president.
在其 124 年的历史中，该大学从未任命过聋人校长。
I believe that once we have someone who can help me learn the sign language, and as I continue to learn and read about the education of the Deaf, I will be in a position of engaging with the campus community.
我相信，一旦有人可以帮助我学习手语，并且当我继续学习和阅读有关聋人教育的内容时，我将能够与校园社区互动。
[In a bustling gymnasium, protestors sign and shout over a woman in red standing at a podium.
[在熙熙攘攘的体育馆里，抗议者对着站在讲台上的一名红衣女子签名并大喊大叫。
She walks off.
她走开了。
Fire alarms ring, the crowd jeers and shouts.]
火警警报响起，人群嘲笑和叫喊。]
The process leading up to that selection...was careful and reasoned.
导致这一选择的过程……是谨慎且合理的。
The board will...listen…
董事会将...倾听...
You can't teach someone what it feels like to be Deaf.
你无法教别人聋哑人的感受。
You can't teach that, and a hearing person can't learn.
你无法教授这一点，听力正常的人也无法学习。
Deaf president now!
现在是聋哑总统！
Deaf president now!
现在是聋哑总统！
Deaf president now!
现在是聋哑总统！
We Deaf need to have our rights.
我们聋人需要拥有我们的权利。
And now is the time that we need a Deaf president.
现在是我们需要一位聋人总统的时候了。
-We don't want one, we need one.
-我们不想要一个，我们需要一个。
[chant continues]: Deaf president now!
[口号继续]：聋哑总统现在！
Deaf president now!
现在是聋哑总统！
I.
我。
King Jordan, a dean at the university who was Deaf, had been a leading candidate for the job.
国王乔丹（King Jordan）是该大学的院长，他是一名聋人，他是这一职位的主要候选人。
Though he was ultimately not selected, he was expected to back up the board's decision.
尽管他最终没有被选中，但人们预计他会支持董事会的决定。
I was in a difficult position.
我的处境很困难。
They wanted me to say that I support the board of trustees.
他们想让我说我支持董事会。
It was very emotional to realize that D-E-A-F is a lot more important than D-E-A-N.
意识到 D-E-A-F 比 D-E-A-N 重要得多，我非常激动。
And so that...
所以...
I knew that I had to support the students.
我知道我必须支持学生。
JORDAN [on film]: Yesterday, I gave a statement recognizing the legal authority of the board to name the president of Gallaudet University.
乔丹（视频中）：昨天，我发表了一份声明，承认董事会任命加劳德大学校长的合法权力。
My personal reaction to the board's decision was and is anger.
我个人对董事会决定的反应过去和现在都是愤怒。
I publicly affirm my support.
我公开表示我的支持。
The four demands are entirely justified.
这四点要求是完全合理的。
I looked out at all the students and staff and people cheering.
我看着外面所有的学生、工作人员和欢呼的人们。
[I.
[一。
King Jordan hugs and shakes hands at a podium as cameras flash.
当摄像机闪烁时，乔丹国王在讲台上拥抱并握手。
Cheers and applause.]
欢呼和掌声。]
Everybody was delighted.
大家都很高兴。
So I said to myself, "You, you made the right decision."
所以我对自己说：“你，你做了正确的决定。”
After a week of nonstop news coverage, the board of trustees reversed course and appointed Jordan to be the university's first Deaf president.
经过一周不间断的新闻报道后，董事会改变了方向，任命乔丹为大学第一任聋人校长。
And now I must give the highest praise to the students of Gallaudet for showing us exactly, even now, how one can seize an idea with such force that it becomes a reality.
现在，我必须向加劳德的学生们致以最高的赞扬，他们即使在现在，也准确地向我们展示了如何以如此强大的力量抓住一个想法，使其成为现实。
The message sent by the Gallaudet victory did not go unnoticed on Capitol Hill.
加劳德的胜利所传达的信息并没有被国会山忽视。
Soon after, Justin Dart persuaded two legislators to introduce a landmark bill called the Americans With Disabilities Act, the A.D.A.
不久之后，贾斯汀·达特 (Justin Dart) 说服两位立法者提出一项具有里程碑意义的法案，称为《美国残疾人法案》(A.D.A.)。
So it's with great pride that I join with all those in this room today to announce the Americans With Disabilities Act.
因此，我非常自豪地与今天在座的所有人一起宣布《美国残疾人法案》。
[The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1988.
[1988 年《美国残疾人法案》。
To establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of handicap.]
制定明确、全面的禁止基于残疾的歧视的规定。]
Vastly more far-reaching than the 504 regulations, this legislation would demand compliance from private institutions across the country.
该立法比 504 法规影响更为深远，将要求全国私营机构遵守。
The reaction to the bill was fierce and immediate.
该法案引起了强烈而直接的反应。
Opponents called it "the bankruptcy bill."
反对者称其为“破产法案”。
[Text: Law for disabled prompts concern from businesses.
[文：残疾人法引起企业关注。
Now all of a sudden we’re talking about bankrupting the industry.
现在我们突然开始谈论让这个行业破产的事情。
Now, Carolyn Osolinik, Chief Counsel to Senator Edward Kennedy 1985 - 1992, with sandy blonde wavy hair and a floral blouse.]
现在，卡罗琳·奥索里尼克 (Carolyn Osolinik)，参议员爱德华·肯尼迪 (Edward Kennedy) 的首席法律顾问，1985 年至 1992 年，一头沙金色卷发，穿着一件花卉衬衫。]
The idea of how much would a business have to spend to make its property and its services accessible, the answer in the A.D.A.
A.D.A. 中的答案是，企业需要花费多少钱才能使其财产和服务易于使用。
was to the point of bankruptcy.
已经到了破产的地步。
That was a bridge too far.
那是一座太远的桥。
[The American Bus Association calculated the industry would lose $200 million annually, “a virtual death sentence”.
[美国巴士协会计算出，该行业每年将损失 2 亿美元，“实际上等于被判了死刑”。
Then Tom Harkin, Former U.S. Senator, Democrat, Iowa, with short white hair and a suit jacket.
然后是汤姆·哈金（Tom Harkin），美国前参议员、爱荷华州民主党人，留着白色短发，身穿西装外套。
Low instrumentals play.]
低沉的乐器演奏。]
Did we think the bill had a realistic chance of passing when we introduced it?
当我们提出该法案时，我们是否认为该法案有实际通过的机会？
We didn't care.
我们不在乎。
[chuckles] We wanted to get it out, and so that was sort of our pie in the sky.
[笑]我们想把它拿出来，所以这就是我们的天上掉馅饼。
The bill never even made it to the floor.
该法案甚至从未被提交。
But it was very important that it be introduced.
但引入它非常重要。
Why?
为什么？
Because there was about to be a presidential campaign.
因为即将举行总统竞选。
[A child holds a sign that reads: Bush Fever - Catch It.]
[一个孩子举着一块牌子，上面写着：布什热病 - 抓住它。]
At the start of his campaign, George H.W.
在竞选之初，乔治·H·W·布什 (George H.W.
Bush set himself apart from Ronald Reagan by promising a kinder, gentler conservatism.
布什承诺采取更友善、更温和的保守主义，从而将自己与罗纳德·里根区分开来。
[A crowd cheers at a packed campaign rally.]
[人群在拥挤的竞选集会上欢呼。]
I'm going to do whatever it takes to make sure the disabled are included in the mainstream.
我将尽一切努力确保残疾人融入主流社会。
For too long, they've been left out, but they're not gonna be left out anymore.
他们被排除在外太久了，但他们不会再被排除在外了。
Bush's embrace of disability rights was heartfelt.
布什对残疾人权利的支持是由衷的。
His favorite uncle was a polio survivor.
他最喜欢的叔叔是一位小儿麻痹症幸存者。
But it was also smart politics.
但这也是明智的政治。
People with disabilities made up a potential voting bloc of more than 40 million people.
残疾人构成了超过 4000 万人的潜在投票群体。
Raise your right hand and repeat after me: I, George Herbert Walker Bush, do solemnly swear...
举起右手，跟着我重复：我，乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什，庄严宣誓……
With a public nod from the president, activists pressed for the relaunch of the A.D.A.
在总统公开点头后，活动人士敦促重新启动 A.D.A.
Two Democratic senators, Ted Kennedy and Tom Harkin, agreed to sponsor the new bill.
两位民主党参议员特德·肯尼迪和汤姆·哈金同意赞助这项新法案。
Pat Wright took the reins of the negotiations.
帕特·赖特 (Pat Wright) 掌控了谈判。
Pat Wright was the general for the Americans With Disabilities Act.
帕特·赖特 (Pat Wright) 是《美国残疾人法案》的负责人。
She had an amazing Rolodex that she would work tirelessly to convince people to do what she thought they had to do.
她有一个令人惊叹的名片盒，她会不知疲倦地说服人们做她认为他们必须做的事情。
And it was tough.
这很艰难。
It was a chess game.
这是一场国际象棋比赛。
So you try and figure out what the actual move is.
所以你试着弄清楚实际的举动是什么。
What's the fear, what's the stereotype, and you move your piece that addresses that.
恐惧是什么，刻板印象是什么，然后你就可以移动你的作品来解决这个问题。
[Text: Bus owners say handicapped bill to slash service.
[文本：巴士车主表示残疾人账单将大幅削减服务。
The Unfriendly Skies, FAA Curtailing Rights of the Handicapped.
不友好的天空，美国联邦航空局限制残疾人的权利。
The bill’s scope will impose requirements that affect thousands, if not millions, of businesses.
该法案的范围将提出影响数千甚至数百万企业的要求。
Costly fine print in law for disabled.
残疾人法律中昂贵的细则。
Low instrumentals continue.]
低音乐器继续。]
The challenge now was how to avoid the pitfalls that had brought down the first A.D.A.
现在的挑战是如何避免导致第一个 A.D.A. 失败的陷阱。
Over the summer, the business community, the Chambers of Commerce, all the groups coalesced to say, "Whoa." And they organized, and then we had opposition.
整个夏天，商界、商会、所有团体联合起来说“哇”。他们组织起来，然后我们就遭到了反对。
It was those mom-and-pop, National Federation of Independent Businesses that were told they were gonna go bankrupt.
正是那些夫妻店全国独立企业联合会被告知他们将要破产。
The Americans With Disabilities Act would require new restaurants, stores and other public accommodations to be accessible.
《美国残疾人法案》要求新的餐馆、商店和其他公共设施必须无障碍。
Small businesses complain the bill's requirements are too vague.
小企业抱怨该法案的要求过于模糊。
The uncertainty of the bill, the uncertainty in terms of what they have to do and what the costs are and the possibility of, of ending up in endless litigation, uh, is what we find most frightening.
该法案的不确定性，他们必须做什么和成本的不确定性以及最终陷入无休止诉讼的可能性，呃，是我们发现最可怕的。
Negotiations in the Senate went on for months.
参议院的谈判持续了数月。
The stumbling block always came down to the specter of overwhelming cost.
绊脚石总是归结为压倒性成本的幽灵。
"Reasonable accommodation" became the magic two words, and two of the most important words in the Americans With Disabilities Act, because you could accommodate as long it was a reasonable accommodation.
“合理便利”成为了神奇的两个词，也是《美国残疾人法案》中最重要的两个词，因为只要是合理的便利，你就可以提供便利。
Are there any other senators who have not yet cast their vote?
还有其他参议员尚未投票吗？
Opposition crumbled in the Senate.
反对派在参议院崩溃了。
By the fall of 1989, the Senate submitted a draft of the bill to the House for their approval.
1989 年秋天，参议院将该法案草案提交众议院批准。
The House will be in order.
众议院将会井然有序。
Democrat Steny Hoyer and Republican Steve Bartlett agreed to helm the bipartisan effort.
民主党人斯坦尼·霍耶和共和党人史蒂夫·巴特利特同意领导两党合作。
There were four committees.
有四个委员会。
Each of those committees had their own opinions on their section of the bill.
每个委员会对该法案的部分内容都有自己的看法。
It was like standing at the base of the Himalayas and said, "Okay, now we're going to climb Mount Everest.
这就像站在喜马拉雅山脚下说：“好吧，现在我们要攀登珠穆朗玛峰。
You guys get started." [laughs] It was a massive effort, that everything had to be negotiated, every word.
你们开始吧。”[笑]这是一项巨大的努力，一切都必须经过谈判，每一个字。
[Officials read papers and have discussions.
[官员宣读论文并进行讨论。
Two news articles face off.
两则新闻文章对峙。
One reads: Give the disabled bus-riding equality.
其中一条写道：给予残疾人乘坐公交车的平等权利。
The second reads: Don’t let ‘equality’ kill bus system.
第二条是：不要让“平等”杀死公交系统。
Now, Steny Hoyer, U.S. Representative, Democrat, Maryland in a suit and a red patterned tie.]
现在，斯坦尼·霍耶 (Steny Hoyer)，美国马里兰州民主党众议员，身着西装，系着红色图案领带。]
The number of people watching were very large, whether it was the airline industry, the food industry, transportation industry.
观看的人数非常多，无论是航空业、食品业、运输业。
The stakes were high because the interest was high and the consequences were high.
赌注很高，因为利益很高，后果也很高。
Still alarmed by the potential cost, outside groups for both the public and private sectors sent in scores of lobbyists to derail the bill.
公共和私营部门的外部团体仍然对潜在成本感到震惊，派出了数十名游说者来破坏该法案。
Once again, the legislation was in limbo.
该立法再次陷入困境。
Frustrated by the inaction, ADAPT summoned protesters to Washington.
ADAPT 对无所作为感到沮丧，召集抗议者前往华盛顿。
[A sign on a mobility scooter: The wheels of justice will roll.
[电动滑板车上的标志：正义之轮将会滚动。
Demonstrators in wheelchairs make their way down a road.
坐着轮椅的示威者沿着道路前进。
String instrumentals gain strength.]
弦乐器获得力量。]
On the morning of March 12, activists led a crowd of over 500 protesters on a march to the White House.
3月12日上午，活动人士带领500多名抗议者向白宫游行。
Like, I was seeing, you know, like, crowds, just, crowds, crowds.
就像，我看到，你知道，就像，人群，人群，人群。
I was almost overwhelmed by it.
我几乎被它淹没了。
-CAMERON: I felt like, oh, my gosh, I'm a part of an organization that...
-卡梅伦：我感觉，哦，天哪，我是一个组织的一部分......
...is moving mountains, making change.
...正在移山，做出改变。
The protesters, now numbering more than 700, proceeded to the Capitol.
抗议者目前人数已超过 700 人，他们前往国会大厦。
DART [on speaker]: We are here today representing 43 million Americans with disabilities.
DART [发言者]：我们今天在这里代表 4300 万美国残疾人。
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
will pave the way for the emancipation of hundreds of millions throughout the world from the bondage of segregation.
将为全世界数亿人摆脱种族隔离的束缚铺平道路。
We chanted, "Access is a civil right.
我们高呼：“访问是一项公民权利。
Access is a civil right."
访问权是一项公民权利。”
PROTESTERS [chanting]: Access is a civil right!
抗议者[高喊]：访问是一项公民权利！
Access is a civil right!
访问权是一项公民权利！
Access is a civil right!
访问权是一项公民权利！
At the base of the Capitol, protesters parked their wheelchairs, dropped to the ground, and started dragging themselves up the 83 marble steps.
在国会大厦的底部，抗议者把轮椅停在地上，然后开始拖着自己走上 83 级大理石台阶。
[Protesters scoot, crawl, and drag up the steps together.
[抗议者一起冲、爬、拖上台阶。
Hopeful instrumentals play.]
充满希望的乐器演奏。]
PROTESTERS [chanting]: Access now!
抗议者[高喊]：现在就进入！
Access now!
立即访问！
Access now!
立即访问！
Access now!
立即访问！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
I sat down, and I back-butted up the rest of the stairs.
我坐下来，用后背撞上剩下的楼梯。
Going up, it released those feelings of anger, of...
往上走，它释放了那些愤怒的感觉，……
"Dammit, I'm in a position that I got to do this."
“该死，我现在的处境就是必须这么做。”
“That we have to do this as disabled people.
“我们必须以残疾人的身份来做这件事。
That we have to do this to make y'all see."
我们必须这样做才能让你们都看到。”
[Protesters chanting and talking in the background of the footage, their impassioned crawl continuing.]
[抗议者在视频背景中高喊口号并交谈，他们热情的爬行仍在继续。]
One of those people was a little girl, who I think was about eight years old.
其中一个人是一个小女孩，我认为她大约八岁。
She's a cute little kid, and she's crawling up those steps.
她是一个可爱的小孩子，她正在爬上那些台阶。
And her mom was next to her, and her mom kept telling her, "You don't have to do this.
她妈妈就在她旁边，她妈妈一直告诉她，“你不必这样做。
You don't have to keep going." And she said, "Oh, yes, I do.
你不必继续走下去。”她说：“哦，是的，我愿意。
I want to do this."
我想做这个。”
And you could see the-- oh, I got goosebumps-- you could see the future of America.
你可以看到——哦，我起鸡皮疙瘩——你可以看到美国的未来。
[People cheering and applauding.
[人们欢呼鼓掌。
The young girl reaches the top step.]
少女到达了最上面的台阶。]
Once I got up to the top, I'm, like, "Whoa, we're doing it.
一旦我到达顶峰，我就会说：“哇，我们正在做。
"We're really doing it.
“我们真的在做。
We're, like, crawling into history." That's what I felt.
我们就像在爬进历史。”这就是我的感受。
But while images of the crawl were still fresh in the public's mind, their next plan was set for inside the Capitol.
不过，尽管公众对爬行的画面仍然记忆犹新，但他们的下一个计划是在国会大厦内进行。
Like, we was just tourists going in.
就像，我们只是进去的游客。
Basking in it all: "Wow.
沉浸在这一切之中：“哇。
The Capitol.
国会大厦。
People's House." Till we got to the rotunda.
人民之家。”直到我们到达圆形大厅。
At that point, we stopped-- that was it, there was no going...
就在那时，我们停了下来——就是这样，没有办法了……
It was, like, okay, the ruse is over.
就好像，好吧，诡计结束了。
[Under the tall rotunda of the Capitol building, protesters fill the entire floor.]
[在国会大厦高大的圆形大厅下，抗议者挤满了整个楼层。]
ADAPT members formed concentric circles, handcuffing themselves to wheelchairs and chaining them together.
ADAPT 成员围成同心圆，将自己铐在轮椅上，并用铁链锁在一起。
They couldn't be moved, which Speaker Foley got very upset about.
它们无法移动，弗利议长对此感到非常不安。
And he said to me, "This is just going too far." And I got that.
他对我说：“这太过分了。”我明白了。
My name is Steny Hoyer, and I'm, uh, one of the principal sponsors of the A.D.A.
我叫 Steny Hoyer，我是，呃，A.D.A. 的主要发起人之一。
bill, as I think probably some of you know.
比尔，我想你们中的一些人可能知道。
You know, I wasn't enthusiastic about it, either, because it made members angry: "Who do these people think they are?" But after you get by the, "Who do these people think they are?", then you get to, "What are they saying?"
你知道，我对此也不感兴趣，因为这让成员们生气：“这些人以为他们是谁？”但在你问了“这些人认为他们是谁？”之后，你就会问“他们在说什么？”
First of all, welcome to the Capitol.
首先，欢迎来到国会大厦。
On the question of the A.D.A.
关于 A.D.A. 的问题
bill, it is a priority for passage in this session of the Congress, and it is proceeding through committees at this time.
该法案是本届国会优先通过的法案，目前正在通过委员会进行审议。
What I would say is that you already had time to do that.
我想说的是，你已经有时间这样做了。
What we're here to say is that if 24 hours isn't a proper amount of time, what is?
我们在这里想说的是，如果 24 小时都不是适当的时间，那什么才是适当的时间呢？
I would probably give you an estimate that the bill will be passed some time in late April or early May.
我可能会给你一个估计，该法案将在四月底或五月初的某个时间获得通过。
Our time has come-- pass this bill now!
我们的时刻到了——现在就通过这项法案！
[Crowd cheers and applauds.
[人群欢呼鼓掌。
Horns honk.]
喇叭鸣响。]
-PROTESTERS: A.D.A.
-抗议者：A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
-A.D.A.
-A.D.A.
now!
现在！
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
now!
现在！
-I advise you the actions that you are engaged in...
-我建议你正在从事的行动......
The Capitol Police were sent in to arrest the protesters, but the one accessible elevator only fit one or two wheelchairs at a time.
国会警察被派去逮捕抗议者，但一部无障碍电梯一次只能容纳一到两把轮椅。
Ironically, it took the Capitol Police hours to remove the protesters one by one.
讽刺的是，国会警察花了几个小时才将抗议者一一驱散。
[Police lift protesters and their wheelchairs into vans.]
[警察将抗议者和他们的轮椅抬进货车。]
When the dust cleared, there was 104 of us arrested.
当尘埃落定后，我们共有 104 人被捕。
I was number 81.
我当时是81号。
In the wake of the protests, Hoyer and Bartlett could sense something had changed.
抗议活动发生后，霍耶和巴特利特感觉到事情发生了变化。
It was sort of the one real boost that we needed to get out of the slump that enabled Congressman Hoyer on the House side to tell these committee chairmen, "Did you just see that?" "Yes, we got to get this done."
这是我们摆脱低迷所需的真正推动力，使众议院议员霍耶能够告诉这些委员会主席：“你们刚刚看到了吗？” “是的，我们必须完成这件事。”
Three months later, a House version of the bill was ready for a vote.
三个月后，该法案的众议院版本已准备好进行投票。
[“Yea”s take an early lead over “Nay”s early on between both democrats and republicans.]
[民主党和共和党之间的“赞成”早期领先于“反对”。]
People started voting, and the numbers were changing so fast, it was like looking at a gas pump when you buy gas.
人们开始投票，数字变化如此之快，就像购买汽油时看加油泵一样。
You know...
你知道...
[imitating spinning] They were just spinning.
[模仿旋转]他们只是在旋转。
We are on the brink of enacting an independence bill for the disabled of America.
我们即将为美国残疾人颁布一项独立法案。
They will henceforth, I think, look to this day and the day when the president of the United States signs this bill as the Independence Day for those who have been disabled.
我认为，他们今后将把这一天以及美国总统签署这项法案的那一天作为残疾人的独立日。
The next day, the House version was sent back to the Senate for ratification, the final stop before it went to the president for his signature.
第二天，众议院版本被送回参议院批准，这是送交总统签署之前的最后一站。
[Whispering]: Mr. President...
[小声]：总统先生……
[continues inaudibly] [In Senate floor footage, Tom Harkin addresses the room using ASL.]
[继续听不清][在参议院的录像中，汤姆·哈金（Tom Harkin）使用美国手语在房间里讲话。]
Senator Harkin addressed his fellow senators in American Sign Language, a first in the history of the Senate, dedicating his speech to his Deaf brother.
哈金参议员用美国手语向参议员同僚发表讲话，这在参议院历史上尚属首次，他将演讲献给了他的聋哑兄弟。
Pat and I said, "You know, this is so monumental, "this is so far-reaching, "if we enact this bill, it will be the most important civil rights bill since 1965."
帕特和我说，“你知道，这是如此具有里程碑意义，”这是如此深远，“如果我们颁布这项法案，它将成为自 1965 年以来最重要的民权法案。”
When the final votes were tallied, the Americans With Disabilities Act was approved by a resounding vote of 91 to six.
最终计票结果显示，《美国残疾人法案》以 91 票对 6 票的高票获得通过。
[Cheering and applause.
[欢呼声和掌声。
People shake hands, hug, smile, and kiss.]
人们握手、拥抱、微笑和亲吻。]
My life starts tomorrow, in terms of my legal rights.
就我的合法权利而言，我的生活从明天开始。
[The crowd cheers and applauds.
[人群欢呼鼓掌。
Hopeful instrumentals begin.]
充满希望的乐器演奏开始。]
On July 26, 1990, a huge crowd of invited guests filled the White House lawn for the A.D.A.
1990 年 7 月 26 日，一大群受邀嘉宾挤满了白宫草坪，参加 A.D.A.
signing ceremony.
签约仪式。
The South Lawn of the White House was just packed with people.
白宫南草坪挤满了人。
Thousands of people.
数千人。
Every disability imaginable was there.
所有能想象到的残疾都在那里。
And the spirit, I mean, it was just very, very celebratory.
我的意思是，这种精神非常非常值得庆祝。
Everybody was having a ball.
每个人都玩得很开心。
It was hot and humid, and we'd been waiting and waiting and waiting for the ceremony to begin, and all of a sudden, a cool breeze blew across the gathering.
天气又热又湿，我们一直在等待、等待、等待仪式开始，突然，一阵凉爽的微风吹过聚会。
And I imagined this breeze blowing discrimination away.
我想象着这股微风吹走了歧视。
And on your behalf, as well as the behalf of this entire country, I now lift my pen to sign this Americans with Disability Act and say, "Let the shameful wall of exclusion finally come tumbling down." God bless you all.
现在，我代表你们，也代表整个国家，举笔签署《美国残疾人法案》，并说：“让可耻的排斥之墙最终倒塌。”上帝保佑你们大家。
[A standing ovation as President H.W.
[H.W. 总统起立鼓掌。
Bush signs the ADA.
布什签署了 ADA。
Attendees wave small American flags.
与会者挥舞着小美国国旗。
Now, a peaceful residential street on a sunny day.
现在，阳光明媚的日子里，一条宁静的住宅街道。
Tender instrumentals chime.]
温柔的乐器响起。]
After the A.D.A.
在 A.D.A. 之后
had passed, I was getting dressed, and the TV was on.
时间过去了，我正在穿衣服，电视也开着。
And all of a sudden, I realized I could understand the local news.
突然间，我意识到我能听懂当地的新闻。
That was because it was captioned.
那是因为它有标题。
It was a moment when I realized that life is gonna change.
那一刻我意识到生活将会改变。
[A man in a wheelchair enters an elevator.]
[一名坐轮椅的男子进入电梯。]
So every time I go into my bank and there's an automatic door opener...
所以每次我走进银行都会看到自动开门器......
[voice trembling] ...I always think of Pat.
[声音颤抖]……我总是想起帕特。
The various people who were really in the trenches every single day, organizing the community.
每天都在战壕里组织社区的各种人们。
It was one of those once-in-a-lifetime chances.
这是千载难逢的机会之一。
I'm grateful for the A.D.A.
我很感谢 A.D.A.
I pushed for it, I fought for it, I went to jail for it.
我为之努力，为之奋斗，甚至入狱。
But the A.D.A.
但 A.D.A.
is the floor.
是地板。
It's not the ceiling.
这不是天花板。
When I go out in the streets, I may be a representative of the president of the United States, but the taxis pass me by just the same as everybody else who's in a wheelchair.
当我走在街上时，我可能是美国总统的代表，但出租车从我身边经过，就像其他坐轮椅的人一样。
[Text: Chronic underemployment of the disabled persists.
[文本：残疾人长期就业不足的情况持续存在。
And strict rules surrounding Supplemental Security Income (SSI), including a marriage penalty, can limit the people the program is meant to help.
围绕补充保障收入 (SSI) 的严格规定（包括婚姻处罚）可能会限制该计划旨在帮助的人群。
Instrumentals fade slightly.]
乐器略有褪色。]
Almost two out of three adults with disabilities are not in the workforce.
几乎三分之二的残疾人没有工作。
Think about that.
想想看。
That's a blight on our national character.
这是对我们民族性格的损害。
We still tell people that they cannot have more than $2,000 in their checking account at any one day, and that is barbaric.
我们仍然告诉人们，他们的支票账户中任何一天的存款都不能超过 2,000 美元，这是野蛮的。
That is the one that kind of gets my goat more than anything else, because that's a government decision that the government refuses to change.
这比其他任何事情都更让我生气，因为这是政府的决定，政府拒绝改变。
A.D.A.
A.D.A.
is not perfect.
并不完美。
It's far from perfect.
它远非完美。
It is up to the next generation after mine to make it better.
我的下一代有责任让它变得更好。
[Hopeful instrumentals swell once again.
[充满希望的乐器再次响起。
Disabled people painting and working.]
残疾人绘画和工作。]
I remember once seeing a bumper sticker on the back of somebody's wheelchair that simply said, riffing off of "Star Trek," "To boldly go where everybody else has gone before." At the end of the day, that's all we're asking for.
我记得有一次在某人的轮椅后面看到一张保险杠贴纸，上面简单地写着《星际迷航》中的内容：“大胆地去其他人都去过的地方。”归根结底，这就是我们所要求的。
[The banner in reference reading: Disability Rights: The Final Frontier.
[参考阅读中的横幅：残疾人权利：最后的前沿。
To boldly go where all others have gone before.
大胆地去其他人都去过的地方。
Screen fades to black.]
屏幕逐渐变黑。]
Curb cuts—those small ramps at the edge of sidewalks—were not always a given.
路缘切口——人行道边缘的那些小坡道——并不总是理所当然的。
Meet the protesters who crawled their way into history—and changed how all Americans live.
来认识一下那些慢慢进入历史并改变了所有美国人生活方式的抗议者。
In conjunction with the premiere of CHANGE, NOT CHARITY: THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, we are spotlighting several of the determined activists who fought for access and equality for all Americans.
在《变革而非慈善：美国残疾人法案》首映之际，我们重点关注了几位为所有美国人争取机会和平等的坚定积极分子。
Audiobooks are a billion-dollar industry, a staple of modern entertainment.
有声读物是一个价值数十亿美元的产业，是现代娱乐的主要内容。
But what most people don’t realize is that their roots trace back to a community that desperately needed them—the blind.
但大多数人没有意识到，他们的根源可以追溯到一个迫切需要他们的社区——盲人。
Did you know that many of the household products we use every day were originally designed by or for disabled people?
您是否知道我们每天使用的许多家居用品最初是由残疾人设计或为残疾人设计的？
Curb cuts—those small ramps at the edge of sidewalks—were not always a given.
路边切口——人行道边缘的那些小坡道——并不总是理所当然的。
This version contains extended audio description.
此版本包含扩展的音频描述。
Audiobooks are a billion-dollar industry, a staple of modern entertainment.
有声读物是一个价值数十亿美元的产业，是现代娱乐的主要内容。
But what most people don’t realize is that their roots trace back to a community that desperately needed them—the blind.
但大多数人没有意识到，他们的根源可以追溯到一个迫切需要他们的社区——盲人。
Did you know that many of the household products we use every day were originally designed by or for disabled people?
您是否知道我们每天使用的许多家居用品最初是由残疾人设计或为残疾人设计的？
The fight for closed captioning was a battle for access and inclusion.
争夺隐藏式字幕的斗争是一场争夺获取和包容性的斗争。
The fight for closed captioning was a battle for access and inclusion.
争夺隐藏式字幕的斗争是一场争夺获取和包容性的斗争。
Meet the protesters who climbed their way into history—and changed how all Americans live.
来认识一下那些载入史册并改变了所有美国人生活方式的抗议者。