The Civilian Conservation Corps

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : I remember the time growing up in North Carolina, looking up and watching Kansas blow by, the dustbowl reaching North Carolina, of course.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我记得在北卡罗来纳州长大的那段时光，抬头看着堪萨斯州掠过，当然，沙尘暴也到达了北卡罗来纳州。

I also remember fires, floods, drought, erosion, soil gone.

我还记得火灾、洪水、干旱、侵蚀、土壤消失。

What do you have to live on?

你靠什么生活？

We were in a sad condition environmentally.

我们的环境状况很糟糕。

The word “environmental” wasn’t there at the time, basically, but the situation was.

当时基本上不存在“环境”这个词，但情况是存在的。

And it was a critical situation.

这是一个危急的情况。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : We didn’t have food.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：我们没有食物。

We didn’t have jobs.

我们没有工作。

I don’t think people realize how close this nation came to having a revolution.

我认为人们没有意识到这个国家离一场革命有多近。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : If it hadn’t have been for Roosevelt in establishing the Civilian Conservation Corps, I don’t know what a lot of us young guys would have done.

克利福德·哈蒙德 (Clifford Hammond)，1934 年加入 CCC：如果没有罗斯福建立平民保护团，我不知道我们很多年轻人会做什么。

I don’t know what my next step would have been.

我不知道我的下一步会是什么。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): : Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America to its own people!

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案）：请给我你的帮助，不是为了单独赢得选票，而是为了在这场将美国恢复为自己人民的十字军东征中获胜！

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : I was raised on a farm and we were poor.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：我在农场长大，我们很穷。

I just thought that was the way life was going to be.

我只是想这就是生活的样子。

We didn’t have elaborate stuff to eat, either.

我们也没有精致的东西吃。

Like I say, cornbread for noon, cornbread and beans, and cold cornbread and milk for supper.

就像我说的，中午吃玉米面包，玉米面包和豆子，晚餐吃冷玉米面包和牛奶。

My daddy didn’t know hardly what fertilization was, rotation of crops, or soil erosion, and stuff like that.

我爸爸几乎不知道什么是施肥、轮作、土壤侵蚀等等。

My ag.

我的ag。

teacher taught it, but he was just too far ahead of times.

老师教过，但他太超前了。

And the farmers didn’t accept him.

农民们不接受他。

Male actor ( Three Faces West ): : There ain’t no college professor gonna teach me how to farm my land.

男演员（《三面西》）：：没有大学教授能教我如何耕种土地。

John Wayne ( Three Faces West ): : How much land you got left that hasn’t blown away?

约翰·韦恩（《三面西》）：：你还剩下多少土地没有被风吹走？

Look, men, let’s quit arguing and kidding ourselves.

听着，伙计们，我们别再争论了，别再自欺欺人了。

We’re all in the same boat.

我们都在同一条船上。

And we’re all gonna sink unless we stick together.

除非我们团结在一起，否则我们都会沉没。

Every one of us has been served with a “dispossess notice,” not by Uncle Sam or a bank or some mortgage company, but by a little ol’ gal we’ve been kicking in the teeth, Mother Nature.

我们每个人都收到过“剥夺通知”，不是山姆大叔、银行或抵押贷款公司发出的，而是我们一直在咬牙切齿的一个小姑娘，大自然母亲。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : We had not taken care of our country.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我们没有照顾好我们的国家。

We had not taken care of our land.

我们没有照顾好我们的土地。

No basic scientific farming to speak of.

没有基本的科学耕作可言。

Farm this, gut it and move on.

种下这个，把它去掉，然后继续前进。

Farm this, gut it and move— that’s what we did.

耕种、去除内脏并移动——这就是我们所做的。

We’re talking 150-plus years of no care, of very poor care.

我们谈论的是 150 多年来无人照料、照料非常差的情况。

I can remember playing in gullies two stories high.

我记得在两层楼高的沟渠里玩耍。

That was my playground.

那是我的游乐场。

But it was a bad thing, because that meant all that erosion and that much good land gone.

但这是一件坏事，因为这意味着所有的侵蚀和大量的好土地都消失了。

The soil erosion we were losing annually was enough to load a series of boxcars seven times around the earth.

我们每年失去的土壤侵蚀量足以装载一系列棚车绕地球七圈。

That’s a lot of dirt.

那是很多污垢。

Part of it goes back to the big timber companies of the ’20s and ’30s, cutting and cutting and cutting, leaving slash.

其中一部分可以追溯到20世纪20年代和30年代的大型木材公司，砍伐、砍伐、砍伐，留下斜线。

Slash would burn, storms would come, floods would come, and down the river goes our good fertile soil.

砍伐将会燃烧，暴风雨将会来临，洪水将会来临，我们肥沃的土壤就会顺流而下。

The end result is it caught up with us, total impact, in 1930s, big, big, big-time impact with the resulting disaster.

最终的结果是，它在 20 世纪 30 年代对我们产生了全面的影响，产生了巨大、巨大、重大的影响，并导致了灾难。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : I was born in Floresville, Texas, in 1919.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：我 1919 年出生于德克萨斯州弗洛雷斯维尔。

We were not hit hard in the beginning because we had a little plot of land.

一开始我们并没有受到太大的打击，因为我们的土地很小。

And we could grow some vegetables and things like that, that would keep us going.

我们可以种植一些蔬菜和类似的东西，这会让我们继续前进。

In fact, I can remember very clearly that they rounded up all the cattle that was in the area and slaughtered them, because there was just no market for meat.

事实上，我记得很清楚，他们把该地区所有的牛都围起来并宰杀了，因为那里没有肉市场。

But you couldn’t sell a heifer or a cow or a pig for anything, you know.

但你知道，你不能以任何价格出售小母牛、母牛或猪。

You couldn’t get any money for it.

你拿不到任何钱。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : I grew up mostly in Detroit.

Houston Pritchett，1939 年加入 CCC：：我主要在底特律长大。

We kind of moved to Detroit in 1929, right at the start of the Depression.

1929 年，正是大萧条刚刚开始的时候，我们搬到了底特律。

We didn’t have any jobs, my father wasn’t working.

我们没有任何工作，我父亲也没有工作。

We were just poor.

我们只是很穷。

The soup kitchen, that’s where we would go line up to eat, just what it said, “Soup Kitchen.” You’d line up, you’d go there and just sit down and you’d eat.

施粥处，就是我们排队吃饭的地方，正如它所说的，“施粥处”。你会排队，你会去那里坐下来吃饭。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, the official unemployment rate was 25%.

乔纳森·阿尔特 (Jonathan Alter)，作家： 1933 年 3 月富兰克林·罗斯福上任时，官方公布的失业率为 25%。

But that grossly underestimated how many people were actually looking for work or unemployed.

但这严重低估了实际寻找工作或失业的人数。

If your house was foreclosed upon, tough luck.

如果你的房子被取消赎回权，那你就运气不好了。

The stock market was down 90%.

股市下跌了90%。

Someone approached the great British economist John Maynard Keynes and said “Have we ever seen anything like this Depression before?” And he said “Yes, it was called the Dark Ages and it lasted for 400 years.”

有人找到伟大的英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯并说道：“我们以前见过这样的大萧条吗？”他说：“是的，它被称为黑暗时代，持续了 400 年。”

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : According to the tradition in the United States at that time, English tradition was that it is not the government’s responsibility to aid the needy.

Harley Jolley，1937年加入CCC：：按照当时美国的传统，英国的传统是援助有需要的人不是政府的责任。

It’s the responsibility of family and the church, not the government, not state government, not the local government, not the federal government.

这是家庭和教会的责任，不是政府、州政府、地方政府、联邦政府的责任。

And forget about it.

忘记它吧。

We’re not going to do it.

我们不会这么做。

People had lost hope.

人们失去了希望。

They’d lost opportunity.

他们失去了机会。

There was practically no promise, whatsoever, of a job anywhere out there.

无论如何，那里几乎没有任何工作的希望。

So, what do I do?

那么，我该怎么办？

I do whatever I have to.

我做我必须做的事。

I get food wherever I can.

我会尽可能地获取食物。

I get clothing wherever I can.

我尽可能地买衣服。

I’ll get what I have to get, but I’ll get it.

我会得到我必须得到的，但我会得到它。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : I remember having, you know, discussions with individuals who were so angry that they were saying, you know, “To heck with the government.

文森特·希梅内斯 (Vincente Ximenes)，1938 年加入 CCC：：我记得与一些非常愤怒的人进行讨论，他们说，你知道，“管政府吧。

Maybe this whole system maybe ought to be changed.” The seeds were there.

也许整个系统应该改变。”种子就在那里。

I mean, the people were there who were angry enough to do it.

我的意思是，那里的人非常愤怒，所以才这么做。

I would say that FDR is the one that saved this country, you know, from having a revolt.

我想说，罗斯福是拯救这个国家免遭叛乱的人。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : When Franklin Roosevelt took office in 1933, it was almost a perfect match of man and moment.

乔纳森·阿尔特 (Jonathan Alter)，作家： 1933 年富兰克林·罗斯福上任时，几乎是人与事的完美结合。

He was somebody who could inspire people and used the crisis to redefine what we owe each other as a people.

他是一个能够激励人们并利用这场危机重新定义我们作为一个民族彼此之间的义务的人。

That’s one of the reasons why the New Deal really was a “New Deal” between the public and the government.

这就是为什么新政确实是公众与政府之间的“新政”的原因之一。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): : We are planning, within a few days, to ask the Congress for legislation to enable the government to undertake public works, thus stimulating, directly and indirectly, the employment of many others in welcome center projects.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案）：我们计划在几天内要求国会立法，使政府能够承担公共工程，从而直接和间接地刺激迎宾中心项目中许多其他人的就业。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : Roosevelt believed that work was ultimately more important than relief.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：罗斯福相信工作最终比救济更重要。

He wanted to put people to work as quickly as possible.

他希望尽快让人们投入工作。

The Civilian Conservation Corps was really the first of several jobs programs that Roosevelt developed, but the CCC was very close to his heart.

平民保护团实际上是罗斯福制定的多个就业计划中的第一个，但 CCC 非常贴近他的心。

And he took a very direct interest in it.

他对此产生了非常直接的兴趣。

And he designed a lot of it because he did have this longtime interest in conservation.

他设计了很多东西，因为他确实对保护有着长期的兴趣。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : On his own farm there in Hyde Park he saw the erosion.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：在海德公园他自己的农场里，他看到了侵蚀。

He saw the depletion of the forests and was very well aware that, in his entire state, the same thing was going on.

他看到了森林的枯竭，并且非常清楚，在他的整个州，同样的事情正在发生。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): : I’m a tremendous enthusiast on planting idle land and vacant acres.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案）：：我非常热衷于种植闲置土地和空置土地。

Because with my own eyes, I have seen these trees growing.

因为我亲眼目睹了这些树的生长。

Some of them that I put in 20 years ago are almost as high as a house at the present time.

有些是我20年前放的，现在几乎和房子一样高了。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : So he became Governor in ’29, they began putting young men to work reforesting and repairing the gullies.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：所以他在 29 年成为州长，他们开始让年轻人从事重新造林和修复沟渠的工作。

Then he became president, good for the whole nation, again, out of personal experience, in his own home town.

然后，他再次出于个人经历，在自己的家乡成为了总统，这对整个国家都有好处。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The opposition to the CCC was concern that President Roosevelt was not focusing enough on the interests of business.

乔纳森·阿尔特 (Jonathan Alter)，作家： 反对 CCC 的原因是担心罗斯福总统没有足够关注商业利益。

They were very concerned about taxes.

他们非常关心税收问题。

And they were very concerned about deficit spending.

他们非常担心赤字支出。

Huey Long, Senator (archival): : The national debt today is $30 billions as compared to $19 billions under Hoover.

休伊·朗 (Huey Long)，参议员（档案）： ：如今的国家债务为 300 亿美元，而胡佛领导下的国家债务为 190 亿美元。

And God knows Hoover was bad enough.

天知道胡佛已经够糟糕了。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : There were 15 major pieces of legislation in Roosevelt’s first 100 days.

乔纳森·奥尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：罗斯福上任的头 100 天中有 15 项主要立法。

And many of them had long-lasting effects, like the first regulation of Wall Street and price supports for agriculture.

其中许多措施产生了长期影响，例如华尔街的首次监管和对农业的价格支持。

But there were also some really bad ideas in the first 100 days, things that didn’t work, that actually may have even harmed the economy to some extent.

但在最初的 100 天里也有一些非常糟糕的想法，一些行不通的想法，实际上甚至可能在某种程度上损害了经济。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : You can imagine, at the time, Roosevelt saying “We’re gonna plant umpteen million trees,” you know, and convincing people that this was the right thing to do.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：您可以想象，当时罗斯福说“我们将种植数百万棵树”，并说服人们这是正确的做法。

Man, Actor (archival): : Five cents?

男演员（档案）：：五分钱？

Don’t bother me.

别打扰我。

Run on to bed.

跑到床上去。

I want to hear how President Roosevelt’s gonna spend that $5 billion dollars.

我想听听罗斯福总统将如何花费这 50 亿美元。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): : First, we are giving opportunity of employment for a quarter of a million of the unemployed, especially the young men who have dependents.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案）：首先，我们为 25 万失业者，特别是有家属的年轻人提供就业机会。

Let them go into forestry and flood prevention work.

让他们从事林业和防洪工作。

That is a big task because it means feeding and clothing and caring for.

这是一项艰巨的任务，因为它意味着吃饭、穿衣和照顾。

And we added twice as many men as we had in the regular army itself.

我们增加的人数是正规军本身人数的两倍。

And in creating the Civilian Conservation Corps, we are killing two birds with one stone.

在创建平民保护队的过程中，我们等于一石二鸟。

We are clearly enhancing the value of our natural resources.

我们显然正在提高自然资源的价值。

And, at the same time, we are relieving an insatiable amount of actual distress.

与此同时，我们正在缓解大量的实际痛苦。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : Roosevelt made the point to Congress that “We need to put young men to work immediately.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：罗斯福向国会指出，“我们需要立即让年轻人去工作。

And I propose Civilian Conservation Corps to do that.” And because all those politicians were aware that they had young men in their hometown and their home state that could vote for them next time around, “Yeah, yeah, we’ll go with it,” and very quickly came to pass.

我建议民间保护团来做这件事。”因为所有这些政客都意识到他们的家乡和家乡有年轻人下次可以投票给他们，“是的，是的，我们会同意的，”很快就发生了。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The most amazing to me, was the speed with which he got it going.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：对我来说最令人惊奇的是他的进展速度。

Three months later, by summer of 1933, 250,000 young men were in the CCC.

三个月后，到 1933 年夏天，已有 25 万年轻人加入了 CCC。

It was the fastest mobilization in American history, and it has never been matched since.

这是美国历史上最快的动员行动，此后从未有人能与之匹敌。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : The local welfare department recruited you.

Harley Jolley，1937年加入CCC：：当地福利部门招募了你。

You had to be a citizen of the United States, had to be male, no she-she-she’s, had to be male.

你必须是美国公民，必须是男性，不是她她她，必须是男性。

You had to be unemployed.

你必须失业。

And you had to be willing to spend six months, eight-hour day, dollar a day.

而且你必须愿意花费六个月、每天八小时、每天一美元。

Man, Actor ( Pride of the Bowery ): : Maloney, your case has been investigated by the welfare board.

男人，演员（包厘街的骄傲）：：马洛尼，你的案件已经由福利委员会调查。

And they’ve certified that your mother is in need of the $22 dollars monthly allotment which will be paid to her.

他们已经证明你的母亲需要每月 22 美元的拨款，这笔钱将支付给她。

As far as the government is concerned, that’s the reason that you’re here.

就政府而言，这就是你来这里的原因。

CCC Boy, Actor ( Pride of the Bowery ): : You mean this is a CCC camp and I got to stay here for six months?

CCC 男孩，演员（包厘街的骄傲）： ：你的意思是这是一个 CCC 营地，我必须在这里呆六个月？

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : Two hundred men per camp in every state across our Union, each state had a quota.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我们联盟每个州每个营地有 200 人，每个州都有配额。

The black population in the United States was about 10% at that time.

当时美国黑人人口约占10%。

And they were allowed 10% of the quota.

他们获得了10%的配额。

And they were in separate camps.

他们在不同的营地。

Same type of work, same type of food, same type of clothing, same everything except segregated.

相同类型的工作，相同类型的食物，相同类型的衣服，除了隔离之外，一切都相同。

White officers.

白人军官。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : When Roosevelt first started this, it was black and white in the same companies in some places.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，于 1939 年加入 CCC：：当罗斯福第一次开始这项工作时，在某些地方，同一家公司是黑白分明的。

And they separated them in a hurry and put them — the black here and the white over here.

他们赶紧把它们分开并把它们放在一起——黑色的在这里，白色的在这里。

The white was not gonna be in there with the black.

白色不会和黑色在一起。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : You got to remember, in 1933, we’re living in a very, very segregated society.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：你必须记住，在 1933 年，我们生活在一个非常非常隔离的社会。

So the idea of blacks even participating in the CCC was a huge move forward.

因此，让黑人参与 CCC 的想法是一个巨大的进步。

In addition, in the early days of the CCC, Roosevelt waived the age requirement and said, “If you’re older and you’ve been a World War One veteran” — and many of these veterans were in their 30s — “you can join the CCC.” About 25,000 joined right at the start, even though they only got paid a dollar a day.

此外，在 CCC 成立初期，罗斯福放弃了年龄要求，并表示，“如果你年龄较大，并且是一战老兵”——其中许多老兵都在 30 多岁——“你就可以加入 CCC。”大约 25,000 人一开始就加入了，尽管他们每天只得到一美元的报酬。

The CCC was an enormous logistical feat that took place over the objections of most of Roosevelt’s cabinet.

CCC 是一项巨大的后勤壮举，它是在罗斯福内阁大多数成员的反对下进行的。

The army didn’t want the extra responsibility.

军队不想承担额外的责任。

The Interior Department raised all kinds of questions.

内政部提出了各种各样的问题。

The fact that it was run, in part, by the army, that it was called “Roosevelt’s Tree Army,” and that it took place at a time when Mussolini and other fascists had their own private armies, gave rise to some controversy.

事实上，它部分由军队管理，被称为“罗斯福的树军”，而且它发生在墨索里尼和其他法西斯分子拥有自己的私人军队的时代，这一事实引起了一些争议。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : There was a CCC camp in our community in Texas.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：我们德克萨斯州的社区有一个 CCC 营地。

And there were some farmers who didn’t like FDR and what he did.

有些农民不喜欢罗斯福和他所做的事情。

He was called a communist, a socialist, and whatever, any name you could find.

他被称为共产主义者、社会主义者，或者任何你能找到的名字。

So, therefore, the CCC-ers also, of course, were no good as far as they were concerned.

因此，对于 CCC 派来说，当然，他们也不是好东西。

There was large numbers of people who felt that government intervention is not good for the country.

很多人认为政府干预对国家不利。

Newsreel Announcer (archival): : At Elmsford, New York, and in 1,400 other communities of the land, buildings for new Civilian Conservation Corps camps are going up.

新闻片播音员（档案）：：在纽约州埃尔姆斯福德和该地区其他 1,400 个社区，新的平民保护队营地建筑正在拔地而起。

In many a town, the coming of CCC camps causes public debate.

在许多城镇，CCC 营地的到来引起了公众争论。

Woman in Crowd (Government Film): : The entire moral tone of our community will suffer from the CCC camps.

人群中的女人（政府电影）：：我们社区的整个道德基调将因 CCC 营而受到影响。

There’ll be drunkenness and gambling.

会有酗酒和赌博。

Our women will be constantly exploited.

我们的妇女将不断受到剥削。

I beg our selectmen to prevent this catastrophe.

我恳求我们的议员阻止这场灾难。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The objections to it were considerable.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：对此的反对意见相当多。

The Labor Secretary, Frances Perkins, first woman in the cabinet, she said “We can’t pay these people a dollar a day.

劳工部长弗朗西斯·帕金斯（Frances Perkins）是第一位内阁女性，她说：“我们不能每天向这些人支付一美元。

Organized labor is totally opposed to this.”

有组织的劳工组织完全反对这一点。”

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : The union wanted more and said, “This is slave labor.” What they were afraid of was “Hey, we’re going to wind up with one dollar per day being the major labor price.” So typical Roosevelt savvy, he appointed a union man to head the program.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：工会想要更多，并说：“这是奴隶劳动。”他们担心的是“嘿，我们最终会以每天一美元作为主要劳动力价格。”典型的罗斯福精明，他任命了一名工会成员来领导该计划。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : Right after high school — I graduated in ’33 — my dad pretty well run me off.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：高中毕业后（我 33 年毕业），我父亲很顺利地把我赶走了。

I hoboed and hitchhiked around, trying to find a job.

我流浪并搭便车到处寻找工作。

You’d ride in a boxcar or whatever you could.

你会乘坐棚车或任何你能乘坐的东西。

I asked people if they had work to do if they’d give me something to eat.

我问人们是否有工作要做，如果他们能给我一些吃的的话。

And I’ve never — they never would let me work.

我从来没有——他们永远不会让我工作。

They’d always give me something to eat.

他们总是给我一些吃的。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : We lived very close to the railroad tracks.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：我们住的地方离铁轨很近。

And you could see young people, they would stop there in our little town.

你可以看到年轻人，他们会在我们的小镇停留。

They were looking for jobs.

他们正在找工作。

Of course, there were no jobs in our little town.

当然，我们小镇上没有工作。

Some of them would stick around and go to the soup kitchen that was there close to the railroad tracks and get a little something to eat, and wait for maybe the next railroad car that comes along and then jump on it and off they go.

他们中的一些人会留下来，去靠近铁轨的施粥处买点东西吃，然后等待下一辆火车开过来，然后跳上车，然后出发。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : I rode the trains, hoboed, for about a year.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：我流浪了大约一年，乘坐了火车。

And then I decided I’d better go home.

然后我决定最好回家了。

Too cold to be out like that.

这样出去太冷了。

So that’s when I heard of the CCC.

就在那时我听说了 CCC。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : My neighbor got enrolled.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我的邻居加入了。

He came home on furlough and began talking.

他休假回家并开始交谈。

And, the more he talked the more I became interested.

而且，他说得越多，我就越感兴趣。

And, from that, I went and sought to get enlisted and get enrolled and wound up in the same camp my neighbor was, a little camp in Lexington, North Carolina, soil conservation camp.

从那时起，我就去寻求入伍并入伍，最后进入了我邻居所在的同一个营地，北卡罗来纳州列克星敦的一个小营地，土壤保护营地。

Most of us, first time to have a toothbrush, first time to have a vaccination, first time to have a daily bath, all these firsts.

我们大多数人，第一次拥有牙刷，第一次接种疫苗，第一次每天洗澡，所有这些都是第一次。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : I was determined, I’m gonna stay and finish school.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：我下定决心，我要留下来完成学业。

I made that.

我做到了。

But, after getting out of school, there were no jobs.

但毕业后就没有工作了。

And we were just in the street.

我们就在街上。

Some of my friends went into the CCC.

我的一些朋友加入了 CCC。

When he came home, they had money, they had different clothes, and oh, they was the last word.

当他回到家时，他们有钱，有不同的衣服，哦，他们就是硬道理。

But they convinced me and a lot of my buddies to go in the CC’s.

但他们说服了我和我的很多朋友加入了 CC。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : I joined the CC’s in September of 1934.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：我于 1934 年 9 月加入 CCC。

I was 18 when I went in.

我进去的时候18岁。

And they took them up to 25.

他们把人数增加到了 25 人。

I liked it mainly because that was the only time in my life I ever had two pair of shoes.

我喜欢它主要是因为那是我一生中唯一一次拥有两双鞋。

You had your medical and three squares a day.

你接受了体检，每天三格。

And you only worked about six hours a day.

而你每天只工作大约六个小时。

I had been accustomed to working 12, 14 hours a day on the farm.

我已经习惯了每天在农场工作12、14个小时。

I thought I really had it made.

我以为我真的做到了。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : Roosevelt was the best thing that ever happened.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：罗斯福是有史以来发生过的最好的事情。

He didn’t only do something for the poor black man, he did something for the poor white man too.

他不仅为可怜的黑人做了一些事情，也为可怜的白人做了一些事情。

Because it was more of them poor than it was us, you know.

因为他们比我们更穷，你知道。

Now we’re eating regular.

现在我们正常饮食。

We got clothes.

我们有衣服了。

They’re teaching us to work.

他们教我们工作。

And we were learning something.

我们正在学习一些东西。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival radio address): : The men of the Civilian Conservation Corps, in speaking to you tonight, I am thinking of you as a visible token of encouragement to the whole country.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案广播地址）：：平民保护团的人们，今晚与你们讲话时，我认为你们是对整个国家的鼓励的明显象征。

Through you, the nation will graduate a fine group of strong, young men, clean-living, trained to self-discipline, and above all, willing and proud to work for the joy of working.

通过你们，国家将培养出一批优秀的年轻人，他们坚强、生活干净、受过自律训练，最重要的是，他们愿意并自豪地为工作的乐趣而工作。

That, my friends, must be the new spirit of the American future.

我的朋友们，这一定是美国未来的新精神。

And you are the vanguard of that new spirit.

而你就是这种新精神的先锋。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : It seemed so very normal to hear that voice come across.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：听到这个声音似乎很正常。

We’d laugh at his pronunciation of some of the “Rs” of course.

当然，我们会嘲笑他对某些“Rs”的发音。

But, by and large, it was a warm feeling.

但总的来说，这是一种温暖的感觉。

This man is our man.

这个人是我们的人。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : The Civilian Conservation Corps had the army style.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：平民保护团具有军队风格。

You know, you had Reveille and sort of roll call.

你知道，你有起床号和点名。

And then we’d go back to the barracks, had to keep your bunk all made up nice and everything clean.

然后我们回到营房，必须把你的铺位收拾得漂漂亮亮，一切都干净。

In a little bit, breakfast would be ready.

一会儿，早餐就做好了。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : Good breakfasts, with eggs and bacon and sausage, and they had pancakes and waffles, you know, juice of all kinds.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：早餐不错，有鸡蛋、培根和香肠，还有煎饼和华夫饼，你知道，还有各种果汁。

Plenty of everything.

一切都很多。

You could eat all you want.

你想吃什么就吃什么。

Then, by 7:30, I was on a truck on the way to the site where we were gonna work.

然后，到了 7 点 30 分，我就坐上卡车前往我们要工作的工地了。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : You get out there in that hot sun, it’s 100 degrees, and you’re working all day.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：你顶着烈日，100 度的高温，整天工作。

And you sweatin’.

而你却出汗了。

And you worked right up to lunchtime.

你一直工作到午餐时间。

Then they bring you food out to the field.

然后他们会给你带食物到田间。

Now, that was quite a thing, too.

现在，这也是一件很了不起的事情。

We wasn’t used to nothing like this.

我们不习惯这样的事情。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : Food that you wouldn’t believe, good food, sandwiches, I mean, with a lot of meat and plenty of— plenty of everything.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：你难以置信的食物，美味的食物，三明治，我的意思是，有很多肉和很多——很多东西。

Apples, bananas, I mean, you were waiting for that food.

苹果、香蕉，我是说，你在等待那些食物。

Then you’d be back to work.

然后你就可以回去工作了。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : We were hardworking boys.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：我们都是勤奋的男孩。

By four o’clock you’re back to the barracks, and you have a little time for recreation.

四点钟你就回到了军营，有一点时间休息。

Six o’clock it’s chow time.

六点钟，吃饭时间到了。

And we were always ready to eat more.

我们总是准备好吃更多。

I firmed up.

我坚定了态度。

I became much sounder in body, built good legs, that territory as well.

我的身体变得更健康了，双腿也变好了，这方面也是如此。

And I wound up a fairly good, healthy young teenager.

我最终成为了一个相当优秀、健康的年轻青少年。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : Fed you good, yep.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：吃饱了，是的。

I come out of there weighing 174 pounds, and the most I ever weighed in my life.

出来时我的体重为 174 磅，这是我一生中体重最重的一次。

[laughs]

[笑]

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : A lot of the newsreels in the ’30s featured the CCC.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），编剧：：20 世纪 30 年代的许多新闻片都以 CCC 为主角。

Announcer (archival newsreel): : Here are members of America’s jobless army taking to the woods at Camp Roosevelt, first of the President’s concentration units.

播音员（档案新闻片）：：这是美国失业大军的成员来到罗斯福营的树林里，这里是总统的第一个集中营。

And are they happy to get back to work.

他们是否高兴重返工作岗位？

CCC Boy 1 (archival newsreel): : This is a break and the first one I’ve had for a long time.

CCC Boy 1（档案新闻片）：：这是一次休息，也是我很长一段时间以来的第一次休息。

Everything is going to be swell here, now, and I ask nothing better than this chance to cut away from the past and breathe some fresh air.

现在，这里的一切都将变得美好，我最祈求的就是这个抛开过去、呼吸新鲜空气的机会。

CCC Boy 2 (archival newsreel): : The camp is a wonderful physical developer.

CCC Boy 2（档案新闻片）：：营地是一位出色的体能开发者。

I wouldn’t take $500 dollars for the experience I’m going through here.

我不会为了我在这里经历的经历而花 500 美元。

It beats “Brother can you spare a dime?”

它胜过“兄弟，你能给我一毛钱吗？”

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : You had millions of young men working out in the countryside in the sunshine, clearing trails, planting trees.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：数以百万计的年轻人在乡村阳光下锻炼，清理道路，植树。

It was good footage.

这是很好的镜头。

The pictures were good.

照片拍得很好。

And Roosevelt understood that immediately.

罗斯福立即明白了这一点。

And he also liked to have himself photographed at CCC camps.

他还喜欢在 CCC 营地拍照。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival): : It’s very good to be here at these Virginia CCC camps.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案）： 很高兴来到这些弗吉尼亚 CCC 营地。

I wish I could see them all over the country.

我希望我能在全国各地看到他们。

And I hope that all over the country they’re in as fine condition as the camps that I’ve seen today.

我希望全国各地的难民营都像我今天看到的那样状况良好。

I wish that I could take a couple of months off from the White House and come down here and live with them, because I know I’d get full of health the way they have.

我希望我能离开白宫几个月，来到这里和他们住在一起，因为我知道我会像他们一样健康。

The only difference is that they have put on an average of about 12 pounds apiece since they got here, and I’m trying to take off 12 pounds.

唯一的区别是，自从他们来到这里以来，他们平均每人增加了约 12 磅，而我正在努力减掉 12 磅。

[laughter]

[笑声]

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The CCC was a win-win for FDR.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：CCC 对罗斯福来说是双赢的。

Both put hundreds of thousands, eventually millions of people to work.

两者都让数十万人、最终数百万人投入工作。

And he also did something for posterity, for future generations, for what we would now call the Environment.

他还为子孙后代、为我们现在所说的环境做了一些事情。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : It was a healing, heal the man, heal the land.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：这是一种治愈，治愈人类，治愈土地。

Taking land that had been totally devastated, replanting it, rebuilding it.

收回完全被毁坏的土地，重新种植，重建。

We’re talking about land improvement and conservation all across the country.

我们正在谈论全国各地的土地改良和保护。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : The condition of the land in Texas was absolutely depleted.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：德克萨斯州的土地状况已经完全枯竭。

Rotating crops, that sort of thing, had not been done.

轮作作物之类的事情还没有完成。

A lot of it had been left fallow after they had raised cotton year-in and year-out.

他们年复一年地种植棉花后，其中很多土地都处于休耕状态。

So the mesquite would take over.

所以豆科灌木会接管。

And that’s the mesquite that we went in and cleared out, and made it into permanent pastures, which is really what we’re talking about insofar as the environment is concerned, and that is to do things that will reproduce themselves forever.

这就是我们进去并清理掉的豆科灌木，将其变成永久牧场，这实际上就是我们在环境方面所谈论的，那就是做那些能够永远自我繁殖的事情。

That’s conservation at its best.

这就是最好的保护。

We did a lot of contouring.

我们做了很多轮廓处理。

We did a lot of water conservation.

我们做了很多节水工作。

So we CCC-ers came along as the first environmentalists.

因此，我们 CCC 人成为第一批环保主义者。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : Before FDR, most of our national forests were very slow in getting improvement.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：在罗斯福之前，我们大多数国家森林的改善都非常缓慢。

For example, there were very, very few fire trails and fire roads.

例如，消防通道和消防道路非常非常少。

One fire could wipe a thing out.

一场火灾可以消灭一件东西。

But the CCC boys came in and that changed, rapidly changed.

但 CCC 男孩的到来，一切都改变了，很快就改变了。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : When there’d be a fire, the Forestry Department, they would call to the different camps and get the CCC to fight these fires.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：当发生火灾时，林业部会呼叫不同的营地并让 CCC 来扑灭这些火灾。

You get out there in that fire, well, that was one of the most dangerous jobs we had.

你在火灾中走出去，那是我们做过的最危险的工作之一。

First needed to have you cut a lane where the fire wouldn’t jump over.

首先需要让你开辟一条不会让火跳过的小路。

Then we’d get in there with the shovels — most of it was shovels — we didn’t have too much water supplied unless you’re right near a river or something.

然后我们拿着铲子进去——大部分都是铲子——我们没有提供太多的水，除非你就在河边什么的地方。

And you’d fight until you’d get that fire down where you can handle it.

你会一直战斗，直到你能把火扑灭到你能控制的程度。

And you were tired and beat up, and all your clothes was burnt.

你又累又累，所有的衣服都被烧毁了。

And you were dirty from that dust that you were throwing.

而你因扔出的灰尘而变得肮脏。

But we’d get the fire out.

但我们会把火扑灭。

Then you’d get on this truck, you might have to ride 25 or 30 miles back to camp, sometimes further than that.

然后你就上了这辆卡车，你可能需要骑 25 或 30 英里回到营地，有时甚至更远。

You’d get in there, you’d clean up, you’d have your dinner.

你要进去，打扫卫生，吃晚饭。

And most of the time you’re too tired to do anything but go to sleep.

大多数时候，你太累了，除了睡觉之外什么也做不了。

But, that was the way of life.

但是，这就是生活方式。

And we was enjoying it.

我们很享受它。

It was different.

这是不同的。

Now, just like other places, we’d have racism.

现在，就像其他地方一样，我们也存在种族主义。

But you just had to deal with it.

但你只需要处理它。

There was some areas they did not want no 45 or 50 black young men sittin’ out there close to their settlement.

在某些地区，他们不希望 45 或 50 名黑人年轻人坐在他们的定居点附近。

And some of them places we didn’t want to be sittin’ out there with them, either.

其中一些地方我们也不想和他们一起坐在那儿。

They never believed that we could work.

他们从不相信我们可以工作。

There’s a lot of them.

有很多。

But once we’d get the chance, that’s what did it.

但一旦我们有机会，我们就这么做了。

And coming up to that CCC give you the know-how to get in there and get it done.

达到 CCC 后，您将获得进入并完成任务的专业知识。

The CC’s really taught you to have a backbone, stand up for yourself.

CC确实教会了你要有骨气，为自己挺身而出。

And don’t let nobody run over you.

并且不要让任何人从你身上碾过。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The CCC Corps members came from very different backgrounds.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：CCC军团成员来自非常不同的背景。

And they were thrust together, sent out from whatever neighborhood they came from, out into the countryside, put in these barracks.

他们被挤在一起，从他们来自的社区被派出去，到乡村去，安置在这些营房里。

And they had to learn how to deal with each other.

他们必须学会如何与彼此打交道。

The only thing they had in common was that they were poor.

他们唯一的共同点就是都很穷。

And they needed a job.

他们需要一份工作。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : I had to not only work with people who had come from families who were extremely poor, but people who had become poor all of a sudden.

文森特·希梅内斯 (Vincente Ximenes)，1938 年加入 CCC：：我不仅要与来自极度贫困家庭的人一起工作，还要与那些突然变得贫穷的人一起工作。

Some of them were highly educated, had PhDs.

他们中的一些人受过高等教育，拥有博士学位。

And some of them hadn’t been to the first grade.

其中一些人还没有上过一年级。

People who had been in business lost their jobs.

曾经经商的人失去了工作。

But now the CCC was their only remedy.

但现在 CCC 是他们唯一的补救办法。

And to have to go and work at the CCC for $30 bucks a month, well, all of us, you know, were in the same boats.

不得不去 CCC 工作，每月工资 30 美元，好吧，我们所有人，你知道，都在同一条船上。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : Well it was carpentry work, steel work, or rock quarry work, I don’t remember anybody in my outfit cussing what they did.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：好吧，那是木工工作、钢铁工作或采石场工作，我不记得我的队伍中有任何人咒骂他们所做的事情。

You know, by them knowing they were going to have three meals a day and a place to sleep, and recreation and all that stuff, everybody was enthused about what they did.

你知道，当他们知道自己将有一日三餐、有地方睡觉、有娱乐和所有这些东西时，每个人都对他们所做的事情充满热情。

But I don’t care if you get in with a bunch of guys, they’re gonna have conflicts periodically.

但我不在乎你是否和一群人在一起，他们会定期发生冲突。

And we solved ours by grudge fights.

我们通过斗殴解决了我们的问题。

You know, two guys couldn’t get along, we’d — we had a ring, a boxing ring.

你知道，两个人无法相处，我们——我们有一个戒指，一个拳击台。

And we’d get them in there and let them fight it out.

我们会让他们进去，让他们战斗到底。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : Many of our boys couldn’t read or write.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我们的许多男孩不会读写。

So one of the first things that FDR said, “They will be taught to read and write.

因此，罗斯福说的第一句话就是：“他们将被教导阅读和写作。

Nobody, no boy will leave our camps illiterate.” We were taught the idea that “Hey, you can do things.

没有人、没有男孩会在离开我们的营地时成为文盲。”我们被教导的想法是“嘿，你可以做事。

You can do better than what you’ve done in the past.

你可以比过去做得更好。

You do have a future.” And we believed that.

你确实有未来。”我们相信这一点。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : After dinner, they had vocational type classes available to persons who wanted them — typing classes or plumbing and electrical, that sort of thing.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：晚饭后，他们为需要的人提供职业类型的课程 - 打字课程或管道和电气课程，诸如此类。

In my camp, there was an opening for a company clerk.

在我的营地，有一个公司文员的空缺。

So I went and practiced after work on my typing skills.

所以我下班后就去练习打字技巧。

And the company commander said, “Okay, so you’re hired.

连长说：“好吧，你被录用了。

You’re going to be my company clerk.” So then, I was an office worker then.

你以后就当我公司的文员吧。”所以那时我是一名办公室职员。

From then on I didn’t have to go out in the field.

从此我不用再去野外了。

I did the payroll.

我做了工资单。

Each member received thirty dollars.

每个成员收到三十美元。

Twenty-five dollars went home automatically.

二十五美元自动回家了。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : Each man would send home twenty-five dollars each month and keep five for myself.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：每个人每月寄回家二十五美元，自己留五美元。

Now the dollar had enormous precious impact in the 1930s.

美元在 20 世纪 30 年代产生了巨大而宝贵的影响。

So twenty-five dollars sent home, multiplied across the nation by thousands, that’s a lot of economic improvement nationwide.

所以寄回家的二十五美元，在全国范围内乘以数千美元，这对全国经济来说是很大的改善。

And then not only were the boys there employed, remember they had support people — foremen, superintendents, engineers, all this.

然后，那里的男孩不仅有工作，记住他们还有支持人员——工头、主管、工程师，所有这些。

So here are skilled people employed as well.

因此，这里也雇用了技术人员。

Then supplying the camp food, all the things it takes to run a camp for a week, that went to the local economy also.

然后供应营地食物，以及运营营地一周所需的所有物品，这也有利于当地经济。

So it was a major impact on all the economies wherever the camps went.

因此，无论难民营所在之处，这都对所有经济体产生了重大影响。

And they went everywhere.

他们到处去。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : Franklin Roosevelt was a very clever politician.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：：富兰克林·罗斯福是一位非常聪明的政治家。

And he planted CCC camps all over the country in strategically designated congressional districts.

他还在全国各地战略指定的国会选区设立了 CCC 营地。

And that helped to build public support for the program.

这有助于建立公众对该计划的支持。

And, when he ran for reelection in 1936, which was really a referendum on the CCC and Social Security and the other New Deal programs, he carried all but two states, Maine and Vermont.

而且，当他在 1936 年竞选连任时，这实际上是对 CCC 和社会保障以及其他新政计划的全民公投，他赢得了除缅因州和佛蒙特州两个州之外的所有州。

He had the largest victory since George Washington.

他取得了自乔治·华盛顿以来最大的胜利。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : The CCC had a newspaper called Happy Days .

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：CCC 有一份名为《快乐时光》的报纸。

And this repeatedly pointed out all the good things that the boys were doing across the country, and the fact that “Hey, this is not only a land improvement, it’s improvement in patriotism, it’s improvement in awareness, a cultural awareness,” and it was very much so.

这反复指出了男孩们在全国各地所做的所有好事，以及“嘿，这不仅仅是土地的改善，这是爱国主义的改善，这是意识的改善，文化意识的改善”这一事实，事实确实如此。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : Of course, after payday, we would go into town, you know, and I have that five bucks to spend.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：当然，发薪日后我们会进城，你知道，我还有那五块钱可以花。

We had a roller rink pretty close.

我们附近有一个溜冰场。

I think it cost a quarter to skate all night.

我想滑一整夜要花四分之一的钱。

And that’s where you’d meet your girls and stuff.

那就是你遇见你的女孩和其他东西的地方。

I know a couple of the boys met local gals, then they married them.

我知道有几个男孩遇到了当地的女孩，然后他们就娶了她们。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : My first camp I was in the middle of a town.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我的第一个营地是在小镇中心。

We’d go to movies, go bowling, all those good things.

我们会去看电影、打保龄球，等等所有这些美好的事情。

The boys hated us.

男孩们讨厌我们。

The boys didn’t— the girls loved us.

男孩们不爱我们——女孩们爱我们。

The local people, by and large, were glad to see us because of the work that was being done on their farms.

总的来说，当地人很高兴见到我们，因为他们正在农场里干活。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : In my company, about 80% of the members were Mexican-Americans.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：在我的公司，大约 80% 的成员是墨西哥裔美国人。

Going into town was a problem.

进城是个问题。

The people in town hated FDR.

镇上的人们讨厌罗斯福。

They hated the CCC.

他们讨厌 CCC。

And, more than that, they hated the Mexican-Americans who were members of the CCC.

更重要的是，他们讨厌墨西哥裔美国人 CCC 成员。

You had to be careful where you went to, to get a hamburger or sandwich, or where you went to get a drink.

你必须小心去哪里买汉堡或三明治，或者去哪里喝饮料。

Some of the bartenders said, “I’m sorry, but we don’t serve Mexicans.” Well, one of the guys just rammed him right away and tore the place up.

一些调酒师说：“抱歉，我们不为墨西哥人服务。”好吧，其中一个家伙立刻撞了他，把他撕碎了。

And we took off, went to the — went back to inside the camp where they couldn’t do anything with us.

然后我们起飞，回到营地，在那里他们无法对我们做任何事。

But we tore up the place.

但我们把这个地方撕毁了。

But that happened a number of times, even though they accepted the work that we were doing in and around the area.

但这种情况发生了很多次，尽管他们接受了我们在该地区及其周边地区所做的工作。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : Civilian Conservation Corps made me understand how other people lived and realize that we should all just get along well with each other.

Clifford Hammond，1934 年加入 CCC：：平民保护团让我了解其他人的生活方式，并意识到我们都应该彼此和睦相处。

Like I used to think I was better than a Mexican because there’s no Mexicans in Illinois when I was growing up, you know.

就像我曾经认为自己比墨西哥人更好，因为在我成长的过程中，伊利诺伊州没有墨西哥人，你知道。

All the farm boys and girls just all white like me.

所有的农场男孩和女孩都像我一样都是白人。

So that mixture helped me a lot to know other types of people, and realize that they’re just like anybody else.

因此，这种混合帮助我了解其他类型的人，并意识到他们和其他人一样。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : Even in my own camp, there were individuals who were outright racists, you know, to individuals who were the recipients of racism.

文森特·希梅内斯 (Vincente Ximenes)，1938 年加入 CCC：即使在我自己的阵营中，也有人对那些遭受种族主义的人是彻头彻尾的种族主义者。

I learned that we could get both sides to come together, that we could convince them to work as a community and work together.

我了解到我们可以让双方走到一起，我们可以说服他们作为一个社区并共同努力。

Human relationship was important.

人际关系很重要。

Human rights was important.

人权很重要。

That value that I learned or I picked up in CCC’s was with me from then on.

从那时起，我在 CCC 中学到或学到的价值观就一直伴随着我。

It stayed with me the rest of my life.

它伴随了我一生。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : We got to see basically a change, not only in us, but also in the total environment, an improvement, not a deterioration, but a major improvement.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：：我们基本上看到了变化，不仅是我们自己，而且是整个环境，是一种改进，不是恶化，而是重大改进。

No more looking up and watching Kansas pass by.

不再抬头看着堪萨斯经过。

No more looking and seeing the rivers flood.

不再寻找和看到河流泛滥。

No more of the business of fires everywhere.

不再有到处都是火灾的事情了。

But an environment that was pleasant to experience, providing an enjoyable change of pace from the city, come up and into the mountain country and see nature on all sides, have a picnic and enjoy the beauty of our country.

但这里的环境令人愉快，提供了从城市到山地乡村的愉快变化，可以看到四面八方的自然风光，可以野餐并欣赏我们国家的美丽。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : There are places that most people have no idea that the CCCs were the ones that built them.

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：有些地方大多数人都不知道是 CCC 建造的。

Camp David, for example, was built by the CCCs.

例如，戴维营就是由 CCC 建造的。

Carlsbad Caverns, we’d built everything except the cave.

卡尔斯巴德洞穴，我们建造了除了洞穴以外的一切。

And, when you look at all of the state parks and national parks that were built by the CCCs, then you can begin to see what happened to this nation as a whole.

而且，当您查看 CCC 建造的所有州立公园和国家公园时，您就可以开始了解整个国家发生了什么。

That changed the entire recreational patterns of this nation.

这改变了这个国家的整个娱乐模式。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : If you go out on a hike, now, all over the United States, there’s a very good chance that the trail you’re hiking on was cut by the CCC.

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：如果你现在出去徒步旅行，在美国各地，你徒步旅行的路线很有可能被 CCC 切断了。

The first ski trails in the United States, in Vermont, were also cut by the CCC.

美国佛蒙特州的第一条滑雪道也被 CCC 切断。

So a paralyzed President, who couldn’t walk, much less ski, indirectly launched the American ski industry.

因此，这位瘫痪的总统无法行走，更不用说滑雪了，间接推动了美国滑雪业的发展。

Any agency of government that manages to plant 2.3 billion — with a “b” — trees to create 800 state parks, to save the topsoil of the United States, has to be considered one of the most pro-environmental organizations ever established.

任何政府机构如果能够种植 23 亿棵（带有“b”）树木来创建 800 个州立公园，以拯救美国的表土，就必须被视为有史以来最环保的组织之一。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (archival voice-over): : We realize, now, that we committed excesses which we are, today, seeking to atone for.

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（档案旁白）：我们现在意识到，我们犯下了过分的罪行，而我们今天正在寻求弥补。

We used up, we destroyed much of our natural heritage, just because that heritage was so bountiful.

我们用尽、毁掉了我们的大部分自然遗产，只是因为这些遗产是如此丰富。

We have prayed sincerely and honestly to look ahead to the future years.

我们真诚地祈祷，展望未来。

We are, at last, definitely engaged in the task of conserving the bounties of nature, thinking in the terms of the pull of nature.

最后，我们确实致力于保护大自然的馈赠，并从自然的吸引力的角度进行思考。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : I was in the CC’s for 23 months and four days, never forget it.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：我在 CC 工作了 23 个月零四天，永远不要忘记。

And I left because they was gonna take the men out of the CC and send them straight in the army.

我离开是因为他们要把这些人从中央委员会带走并直接送入军队。

It’s time for us to make a move.

我们是时候采取行动了。

Harley Jolley, Joined the CCC in 1937: : The coming of Pearl Harbor and the movement of the United States into World War Two brought an enormous demand for manpower.

Harley Jolley，1937 年加入 CCC：珍珠港事件的到来和美国卷入第二次世界大战带来了对人力的巨大需求。

That was the axe that killed the CCC.

这就是杀死 CCC 的斧头。

By July of 1942 the CCC was phased out, gone.

到 1942 年 7 月，CCC 被逐步淘汰，消失了。

Vincente Ximenes, Joined the CCC in 1938: : Without the CCCs, I really…

Vincente Ximenes，1938 年加入 CCC：：如果没有 CCC，我真的......

I really don’t know what we would have done.

我真的不知道我们会做什么。

We did not have an army prepared to go to war.

我们没有一支准备打仗的军队。

And here was approximately two and a half or three million men who were prepared and had been organized to work together.

这里大约有二百五十万或三百万人，他们已做好准备并被组织起来一起工作。

I joined the Air Force in 1941.

我于 1941 年加入空军。

And they didn’t have to do a hell of a lot of training for me.

他们不需要为我进行大量的训练。

I was prepared.

我已经做好准备了。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : Nobody didn’t have to tell you about how to make a bed and how it should be done, how to clean your clothes.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：没有人会告诉你如何铺床、应该如何做、如何清洗衣服。

And they didn’t have to tell you — if the man tell you to go do something, you didn’t ask questions, you do it.

他们不必告诉你——如果那个人告诉你去做某事，你不用问问题，你就去做。

The CCC made me a man, it made me respect discipline and how to work and get along with people.

CCC让我成为一个男人，它让我尊重纪律以及如何工作和与人相处。

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : The CCC not only was a major foundation of our ethic of national service in this country, but also an ethic of conservation.

乔纳森·阿尔特 (Jonathan Alter)，作家：CCC 不仅是我们国家的国民服役道德的重要基础，而且也是一种保护道德。

After generations of Americans essentially raping the land for whatever it was worth economically, as happens in so many other parts of the world, suddenly there’s a break in that in the ’30s.

正如世界上许多其他地方所发生的那样，几代美国人基本上不顾经济价值地掠夺土地，但这种情况突然在 30 年代出现了中断。

And you have a pretty large chunk of a generation, three million people, who have some experience in conserving the land instead of exploiting the land, who care about what we leave behind.

我们这一代人中的很大一部分人，即三百万人，在保护土地而不是开发土地方面拥有一些经验，他们关心我们留下的东西。

Houston Pritchett, Joined the CCC in 1939: : Recently, we went back to find the camp we was in.

休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett)，1939 年加入 CCC：：最近，我们回去寻找我们所在的营地。

I went back up there and seen them trees, where they got them where you can’t cut them down.

我回到那里，看到了那些树，它们是在你无法砍伐的地方得到的。

And my little granddaughter, she was telling them, “All these trees,” she said her grandpa planted all the trees up there.

我的小孙女告诉他们，“所有这些树，”她说所有的树都是她爷爷种在那里的。

[laughs]

[笑]

Jonathan Alter, Writer: : Who were the people who pioneered the environmental movement in this country and who now are helping us to transition to more of a green ethic?

乔纳森·阿尔特（Jonathan Alter），作家：谁是这个国家环保运动的先驱者，现在谁正在帮助我们向绿色道德过渡？

Many of their parents and grandparents were in the CCC.

他们的许多父母和祖父母都是 CCC 成员。

An ethic of conservation is then born and developed and nurtured and built, because it’s all a generational conversation that takes place, that one thing builds on another, builds on another.

然后，保护伦理就诞生、发展、培育和建立，因为这都是一代人的对话，一件事建立在另一件事之上，建立在另一件事之上。

Clifford Hammond, Joined the CCC in 1934: : You know, I met a lady at a wingding for us old people that knew exactly where my camp was.

克利福德·哈蒙德 (Clifford Hammond)，1934 年加入 CCC：：你知道，我在我们老人家的边厢遇到了一位女士，她确切地知道我的营地在哪里。

And she says — because I had told her, after we got acquainted with each other, I told her I just loved to go back and see where my camp was.

她说——因为我告诉过她，在我们互相熟悉之后，我告诉她我只是喜欢回去看看我的营地在哪里。

And she said “You couldn’t visualize what a change you guys made.”

她说：“你无法想象你们做出了多大的改变。”

Slate: : Harley Jolley became a history professor and wrote extensively about the CCC.

Slate: : Harley Jolley 成为一名历史教授，并撰写了大量有关 CCC 的文章。

Slate: : Houston Pritchett worked at the Ford Motor Company for 31 years.

Slate: : 休斯顿·普里切特 (Houston Pritchett) 在福特汽车公司工作了 31 年。

Slate: : Clifford Hammond owned and operated Cliff’s Amusement Park in Albuquerque, NM for more than 50 years.

Slate：：Clifford Hammond 拥有并经营位于新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基的 Cliff’s 游乐园 50 多年。

Slate: : Vincente Ximenes had a career in government, serving in both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

Slate: : 文森特·希梅内斯 (Vincente Ximenes) 曾在政府工作，曾在肯尼迪和约翰逊政府任职。

The CCC was President Roosevelt’s answer to the environmental and economic challenges facing the country during the height of the Great Depression.

CCC 是罗斯福总统针对大萧条最严重时期国家面临的环境和经济挑战所做出的回应。

Neil Maher tackles issues related to the CCC and the Great Depression.

尼尔·马赫 (Neil Maher) 探讨了与 CCC 和大萧条相关的问题。

From early policies around the nation's forests, through the shutdown of Civilian Conservation Camps, explore a timeline of events.

从围绕国家森林的早期政策，到平民保护营的关闭，探索事件的时间表。

President Roosevelt’s CCC put three million young men to work across America during the 1930s Great Depression.

1930 年代大萧条期间，罗斯福总统的 CCC 让 300 万年轻人在美国各地工作。

There were about 1500 camps within the first five months of the start of the CCC program.

CCC 计划启动的前五个月内约有 1500 个营地。

Explore the goals and successes of the CCC, and debate whether such a program might be appropriate today.

探索 CCC 的目标和成功，并讨论这样的计划在今天是否合适。