Kit Carson
Narrator: To some, he was one of America's greatest heroes -- a man who had helped open a vast continent for settlement.
旁白：对某些人来说，他是美国最伟大的英雄之一——帮助开辟了广阔的大陆以供定居。
Sally Denton, Writer: Kit Carson was this larger than life figure.
莎莉·丹顿（Sally Denton），编剧：基特·卡森（Kit Carson）是一位传奇人物。
that represented freedom and independence and adventure.
这代表着自由、独立和冒险。
It was the cowboy mythology and the cowboy ethic long before that had even been thought of.
早在人们想到牛仔神话和牛仔伦理之前。
Narrator: To others, he was a villain who waged a merciless campaign against one of the great native tribes of the West.
旁白：对其他人来说，他是一个恶棍，对西方一个伟大的土著部落发动了一场无情的战争。
Harry Walters, Historian: My great-grandfather lies buried in Bosque Redondo because of him.
哈利·沃尔特斯，历史学家：我的曾祖父因为他而被埋葬在博斯克雷东多。
Narrator: In the end, his contradictions would define his legacy -- and tell the true story of how the West was won.
旁白：最终，他的矛盾将定义他的遗产——并讲述西方如何赢得胜利的真实故事。
Paul Hutton, Historian: He represented his country and he represented what America was becoming.
历史学家保罗·赫顿（Paul Hutton）：他代表了他的国家，也代表了美国的未来。
And so when we look at Kit Carson if we get uncomfortable, well, that's cause we're looking in the mirror and we're seeing ourselves.
所以，当我们看着基特·卡森时，如果我们感到不舒服，那是因为我们在照镜子，看到的是我们自己。
Narrator: Early in the fall of 1862, a military courier made his way south from Santa Fe to the U.S. Army post at Fort Stanton, with a dispatch addressed to Colonel Christopher Carson.
旁白：1862 年秋初，一名军事信使从圣达菲向南前往斯坦顿堡的美国陆军哨所，并寄来一封寄给克里斯托弗·卡森上校的急件。
At 52, Kit Carson was one of the most famous Americans of his time.
52 岁的基特·卡森 (Kit Carson) 是他那个时代最著名的美国人之一。
When the West was still a mystery to most of his countrymen, he had been the one to master it.
当西方对他的大多数同胞来说仍然是个谜时，他就是第一个掌握它的人。
Few white men knew the vast western landscape as intimately, or understood the ways of its native peoples so well.
很少有白人能够如此深入地了解西部广阔的风景，或者如此了解当地人民的生活方式。
He was the brave and loyal guide who had marked out a path for the westward-going nation, the sought-after Indian tracker who could follow any trail, the fearless warrior portrayed in dozens of best-selling books.
他是勇敢而忠诚的向导，为这个向西迈进的国家指明了道路；他是广受追捧的印度追踪者，可以追踪任何踪迹；他是数十本畅销书中描绘的无所畏惧的战士。
Now, he had been chosen to lead an historic military campaign -- one that would force New Mexico's most formidable tribes into submission, remove them to a reservation and clear the way for American settlement.
现在，他被选去领导一场历史性的军事行动——这场军事行动将迫使新墨西哥州最强大的部落屈服，将他们移至保留地，并为美国定居扫清道路。
As a clerk read the dispatch aloud, Carson listened with mounting dismay: "All Indian men ...
当一名职员大声宣读电报时，卡森听着越来越沮丧：“所有印度男人......
are to be killed wherever you find them.
无论你在哪里发现他们，都会被杀死。
The women and children will not be harmed, but you will take them prisoners ...
妇女和儿童不会受到伤害，但你会俘虏他们......
until you receive other instructions about them."
直到您收到有关他们的其他指示。”
Carson had never before defied an order.
卡森以前从未违抗过命令。
His sense of honor would not allow for it.
他的荣誉感不允许这样做。
But duty in this case seemed dishonorable as well.
但在这种情况下，义务似乎也是不光彩的。
To carry out the task now given him, Carson would have to destroy an entire way of life -- the very one that had made him who he was.
为了完成现在交给他的任务，卡森必须摧毁一整套生活方式——正是这种生活方式造就了他。
Dayton Duncan, Writer: Kit Carson lived in a world in which there weren't a lot of good choices often.
代顿·邓肯（Dayton Duncan），作家：基特·卡森（Kit Carson）生活在一个通常没有很多好的选择的世界。
And he tried to navigate it as best he could, true to his own lights.
他尽力按照自己的想法来驾驭它。
And in some instances, that led him to moments of great heroism and in some instances that led him to moments that he will forever be reviled for.
在某些情况下，这使他实现了伟大的英雄主义时刻，而在某些情况下，这使他实现了永远受到谩骂的时刻。
Narrator: As a young man, Kit Carson had been sure of two things.
旁白：作为一个年轻人，基特·卡森确信有两件事。
He would not make his life in Missouri, the way his father had done.
他不会像他父亲那样在密苏里州谋生。
And he would not earn his living making saddles, as his mother had hoped.
他也不会像他母亲所希望的那样以制作马鞍为生。
He was just 16 and a bit shorter than average.
他当时只有 16 岁，比平均水平要矮一些。
He had no money, few prospects and so little education that he couldn't even write his own name.
他没有钱，前途渺茫，受过的教育也很少，甚至连自己的名字都写不了。
But he was tough.
但他很坚强。
He knew how to handle a rifle.
他知道如何操作步枪。
He figured that and a horse would take him anywhere he wanted to go.
他认为，一匹马可以带他去任何他想去的地方。
The year was 1826, and Missouri was then the vanguard of American settlement: beyond its border lay another world.
那是 1826 年，密苏里州当时是美国定居点的先锋：其边界之外是另一个世界。
Just five years earlier, merchants had opened the Santa Fe Trail, an international trading route that ran southwest from Missouri nearly 900 miles, and linked America's frontier to Mexico's.
就在五年前，商人开辟了圣达菲小道，这是一条国际贸易路线，从密苏里州向西南延伸近 900 英里，将美国边境与墨西哥边境连接起来。
Carson had been itching to hit the road almost ever since.
几乎从那时起，卡森就一直渴望上路。
Paul Hutton: The West offers boundless opportunity, the freedom from all the restraints of family, all the restraints of a shopkeeper's life, and, of course, the promise of adventure, of danger, of excitement.
保罗·赫顿：西方提供了无限的机会，摆脱家庭所有束缚的自由，店主生活的所有束缚，当然，还有冒险、危险和兴奋的承诺。
And so he runs away, he does a Huck Finn and lights out for the territories.
于是他逃跑了，他模仿了《哈克·费恩》，然后熄灯前往领地。
Narrator: He wound up in Taos -- a small, high-desert settlement in the far corner of the Mexican frontier, that for nearly a quarter century, had been the hub of the southwestern fur trade.
旁白：他最终来到了陶斯——墨西哥边境遥远角落的一个小型高地沙漠定居点，近四分之一个世纪以来，这里一直是西南毛皮贸易的中心。
When he arrived, in early winter, the place was teeming with trappers -- Americans, Frenchmen, Canadians -- all of them scruffy and sunburned after months spent pulling beaver from the rivers of the Rockies.
当他到达时，正值初冬，这里挤满了捕猎者——美国人、法国人、加拿大人——他们都衣衫褴褛，晒伤了几个月，从落基山脉的河流中捕捞海狸。
With their furs now sold, soon to be turned into fashionable hats back in the East, they frittered their days away playing cards, telling tales and tossing back a local moonshine called "Taos Lightning."
现在，他们的毛皮已经卖掉，很快就会在东方变成时髦的帽子，他们打牌、讲故事，喝着当地一种叫做“陶斯闪电”的私酒，消磨着日子。
Hampton Sides: Carson wanted to be a part of this fraternity of men, these greasy, grizzled, hairy, often drunk international cast of characters who knew the rivers of the West and had been to all these amazing places.
汉普顿赛德斯：卡森想成为这个男人兄弟会的一员，这些油腻、头发花白、毛茸茸的、经常喝醉的国际人物，他们了解西部的河流，也去过所有这些令人惊叹的地方。
He wanted to be one of these guys as quickly as they'd have him.
他想尽快成为这些人中的一员，一旦他们拥有他。
Narrator: Over the next two years, Carson worked as a cook and a hunter in Taos, and then, having learned Spanish, as an interpreter for a merchant caravan.
旁白：在接下来的两年里，卡森在陶斯当过厨师和猎人，后来学会了西班牙语，成为商队的翻译。
Finally, in the spring of 1829, when he was 19, he was hired as a trapper -- on an expedition to the untapped tributaries of the Gila River.
最终，1829 年春天，19 岁的他被聘为捕猎者，前往吉拉河未开发的支流进行探险。
He was the greenhorn among some 40 seasoned mountain men: deep in the wilderness, on Mexican soil and surrounded by hostile Apaches.
他是大约 40 名经验丰富的山民中的新手：在荒野深处，在墨西哥的土地上，周围都是充满敌意的阿帕奇人。
"They would frequently of night crawl into our camp ...," Carson remembered.
“他们经常在晚上爬进我们的营地……”卡森回忆道。
"[They would] steal a trap ...
“[他们会]偷一个陷阱......
kill a mule or horse, and endeavor to do what damage they could."
杀死一头骡子或一匹马，并尽力造成他们能造成的伤害。”
In a world populated almost exclusively by Native Americans, the trappers' best chance at survival was to act as if they were just another tribe.
在一个几乎全是美洲原住民的世界里，捕猎者最好的生存机会就是表现得好像他们只是另一个部落一样。
Hampton Sides: The mountain men were very practical people.
Hampton Sides：山里人都是非常务实的人。
They had a job to do and they had to go into these dangerous areas and extract a commodity.
他们有工作要做，必须进入这些危险地区并提取商品。
So they formed all kinds of alliances with American Indians and found that it was practical to live more like an American Indian than like a Frenchman or a Anglo-American.
因此，他们与美洲印第安人结成各种联盟，并发现像美洲印第安人那样生活比像法国人或英裔美国人生活更切合实际。
N.
N。
Scott Momaday, Poet: Carson acquired a good many skills from the Indians and uh, an attitude as well, a way of thinking of the world around them.
诗人斯科特·莫马迪：卡森从印第安人那里学到了很多技能，呃，还有一种态度，一种思考周围世界的方式。
I think he adopted a large part of that and it became inseparable with his personality.
我认为他继承了其中的很大一部分，这与他的个性密不可分。
Paul Hutton: He understood what was expected of him by native peoples that he came in contact with in terms of peaceful relationships and trade relationships but also in terms of conflict.
保罗·赫顿：他了解他所接触的土著人民对他的期望，包括和平关系和贸易关系，以及冲突方面。
And he understood that retribution must follow crime and follow it immediately and harshly if one was to survive in this environment.
他明白，如果一个人想在这种环境下生存，就必须在犯罪之后立即而严厉地进行报应。
Narrator: On one occasion, while trapping on the North Fork of the Missouri River, Carson and his companions came in sight of a large encampment of Blackfeet -- a tribe that had attacked them at every opportunity, for several seasons past.
旁白：有一次，卡森和他的同伴在密苏里河北岔口被困时，看到了黑脚人的一大片营地——这个部落在过去的几个季节里，一有机会就攻击他们。
As Carson recalled it: "we were determined to try our strength to discover who had right to the country."
正如卡森回忆的那样：“我们决心尽力找出谁拥有这个国家的权利。”
Catching the Blackfeet off-guard, the trappers charged the village, firing as they went.
趁黑足人措手不及，捕兽者向村庄发起冲锋，边走边开火。
"It was the prettiest fight I ever saw," Carson said later.
“这是我见过的最漂亮的战斗，”卡森后来说。
"[After three hours], we finally routed them [and] took several scalps.
“[三个小时后]，我们终于击溃了他们[并]剥下了几张头皮。
...
...
This ended our difficulties with the Blackfeet.
我们与黑脚人的麻烦就这样结束了。
..."
……”
Hampton Sides, Author, "Blood and Thunder:": Whatever situation he was in would he negotiate, would he fight, would he bluff, based on knowledge that he had of the specific tribe and sometimes a sub-tribe within the tribe.
汉普顿·赛德斯，《血与雷：》作者：无论他处于什么情况，他都会根据他对特定部落（有时是部落内的子部落）的了解进行谈判，战斗，虚张声势。
It was not a monolithic situation, the American Indian.
美洲印第安人并不是一个整体的情况。
He didn't live that way and nor did many of the mountain men.
他不这样生活，许多山民也不这样生活。
Their experience was much more informed by practical considerations of how to get along day to day.
他们的经验更多地来自于如何日常相处的实际考虑。
Narrator: In time, Carson became what Americans of his generation might have called a "white Indian." He mastered the universal sign language used by the Western tribes, and acquired a working knowledge of more than a half-dozen Indian tongues.
旁白：随着时间的推移，卡森成为了他那一代美国人可能所说的“白人印第安人”。他掌握了西方部落使用的通用手语，并掌握了六种以上印第安语言的实用知识。
He dressed in buckskins, slept on buffalo robes, dined on buffalo jerky.
他穿鹿皮，睡水牛长袍，吃水牛干。
And when he was 25, he took an Indian wife -- an Arapaho named Singing Grass -- offering her father "a bride price" of five blankets, three mules and a gun.
当他 25 岁时，他娶了一位印度妻子——一位名叫歌唱草的阿拉帕霍人——向她的父亲提供了五条毯子、三头骡子和一把枪的“彩礼”。
Hampton Sides: Like many of the trappers, Carson settled down with an American Indian woman.
汉普顿赛德斯：像许多捕猎者一样，卡森与一位美国印第安妇女定居下来。
He found that this marriage was certainly a marriage of convenience in the sense that he had someone on the trail with him who helped do all the thousand and one tasks that had to be done.
他发现这段婚姻无疑是一种权宜婚姻，因为有人在他身边，帮助他完成所有必须完成的一千零一项任务。
But it was the first love of his life.
但这是他一生的初恋。
He was devoted to her.
他对她一心一意。
Narrator: Not long after they were married, Carson gave Singing Grass a gift of glass beads -- an item highly prized among the Arapahos as decoration for their moccasins.
旁白：他们结婚后不久，卡森送给歌唱草一份玻璃珠礼物——这是阿拉帕霍人非常珍视的物品，可以用来装饰他们的鹿皮鞋。
"She was a good wife to me," he told a friend years later.
“她对我来说是一个好妻子，”多年后他告诉一位朋友。
"I never came in from hunting that she didn't have warm water ready for my [cold] feet."
“我打猎回来时，她从来没有没有为我的[冰冷]双脚准备好温水。”
Carson and Singing Grass would have two daughters together.
卡森和草歌有两个女儿。
Only one, Adaline, would survive early childhood; and the birth of the second, in 1839, would claim Singing Grass's life.
只有一个人，阿达琳，能够活过童年。 1839 年，第二个孩子的出生夺走了草歌的生命。
By then, the era of the mountain man was coming to an end.
那时，山人的时代即将结束。
Just as decades of over-trapping took their toll and the beaver grew scarce, the fashion shifted to hats of silk.
就在数十年的过度捕捞造成损失、河狸变得稀缺时，时尚转向了丝绸帽子。
Within a year, the market had collapsed -- and Carson suddenly found himself out of work, widowed and shouldering the burdens of parenthood alone.
一年之内，市场崩溃了——卡森突然发现自己失业了，丧偶并独自承担着养育孩子的重担。
He was 29.
那年他29岁。
Another man might have headed back to the place he had come from.
另一个人可能会回到他来的地方。
Carson decided to stay.
卡森决定留下来。
Hampton Sides: You know, he knows that there's this whole life that is going on back East that he left.
Hampton Sides：你知道，他知道他离开的东部地区正在继续他的一生。
And he's got a curiosity about it.
他对此充满好奇。
But I think he knows that's not a world that he can operate in successfully.
但我认为他知道这不是一个他能够成功运作的世界。
He knows the West, he loves the West.
他了解西方，他热爱西方。
And this is his world.
而这就是他的世界。
This is his life.
这就是他的生活。
He has become a Westerner.
他已经成为一个西方人了。
Paul Hutton: The West is where races intersect, cultures intersect, sometimes violently, more often not.
保罗·赫顿：西方是种族交叉、文化交叉的地方，有时是暴力的，但更多时候是不交叉的。
Kit Carson moves easily in that world.
基特·卡森在那个世界里行动自如。
He's not opposed to confronting people straight on, and engaging in combat, taking a scalp if need be to make a point.
他不反对直接与人对抗，参与战斗，如果需要的话会硬着头皮表达自己的观点。
But that doesn't mean he couldn't sit down and break bread the very next week.
但这并不意味着他不能在下周坐下来吃面包。
Narrator: In May 1842, two years after the fur trade went bust, Carson was heading up the Missouri River from St. Louis, having just brought his daughter Adaline to be educated in the East.
旁白：1842 年 5 月，毛皮贸易破产两年后，卡森带着女儿阿黛琳到东部接受教育，正从圣路易斯沿密苏里河逆流而上。
He was on his way back to Taos -- his pockets all but empty and his future uncertain -- when he struck up a conversation with a young Army lieutenant, who introduced himself as John C.
在返回陶斯的路上，他的口袋几乎空空如也，未来也充满不确定性，这时他与一位年轻的陆军中尉攀谈起来，这名中尉自称是约翰·C·
Frémont.
弗里蒙特。
Frémont was about to embark on an expedition to survey and map the West, and he had yet to hire a guide.
弗里蒙特即将踏上探险之旅，对西部进行勘察和绘制地图，但他还没有聘请向导。
Carson saw an opportunity.
卡森看到了机会。
After more than ten years as a trapper, there was no trail he hadn't traveled, no wilderness challenge he couldn't meet.
作为十多年的捕猎者，没有他没走过的路，没有他不能应对的荒野挑战。
But his pitch to Frémont was characteristically modest.
但他对弗里蒙特的推销却一贯谦虚。
"I informed him that I had been some time in the mountains," Carson later recalled, "and I thought I could guide him to any point he would wish to go."
“我告诉他，我在山里待了一段时间，”卡森后来回忆道，“我想我可以引导他去任何他想去的地方。”
David Roberts, Writer: Frémont's suspicious at first.
大卫·罗伯茨（David Roberts），作家：弗里蒙特一开始很怀疑。
He says, I don't know about this guy, you know.
他说，我不认识这个人，你知道。
For one thing, Carson was not physically impressive.
一方面，卡森的体格并不令人印象深刻。
he doesn't look like a rugged outdoorsman.
他看起来不像是一个粗犷的户外运动者。
He was a short little guy.
他是个矮个子。
Sally Denton: He was kind of self-effacing and understated, but had this reputation for being quite capable.
莎莉·丹顿（Sally Denton）：他有点谦虚、低调，但以能力出众而闻名。
And Fremont hired him on the spot.
弗里蒙特当场雇用了他。
Narrator: In early June, Carson and Frémont set out from St. Louis, with a party of 25 men.
旁白：6月初，卡森和弗里蒙特带着25人的队伍从圣路易斯出发。
Their mission was to map the first leg of an overland route to the Pacific -- a route that had been discovered some 30 years before, but virtually unused by anyone but fur trappers and Indians ever since, a route that soon would be called "the Oregon Trail." The expedition had been sponsored by the federal government at the urging of Frémont's father-in-law, U.S. Senator Thomas Hart Benton, one of America's most zealous promoters of Western expansion.
他们的任务是绘制通往太平洋的陆路第一段路线——这条路线大约在 30 年前就被发现了，但从那以后，除了毛皮捕猎者和印第安人之外，几乎没有人再使用过这条路线，这条路线很快就被称为“俄勒冈小道”。这次探险是在弗里蒙特的岳父、美国参议员托马斯·哈特·本顿（美国最热心的西部扩张推动者之一）的敦促下由联邦政府赞助的。
Hampton Sides: Benton saw early on the importance of essentially America being a continental nation, having ports on the Pacific and having all the land in between.
汉普顿赛德斯：本顿很早就看到了美国作为一个大陆国家的重要性，在太平洋上拥有港口并拥有其间的所有陆地。
He also understood that before this could happen the United States needed to understand this land
他还明白，在这一切发生之前，美国需要了解这片土地
Narrator: Carson likely did not realize it, but he had signed on to the most ambitious political enterprise of the 19th century -- a project that would come to be known as "Manifest Destiny." Paul Hutton: Carson is right on the cutting edge of this movement this idea that God or nature or whatever one wants to call it is going to open up the West for the American republic, going to make the West the empire of liberty.
旁白：卡森可能没有意识到，但他已经签署了 19 世纪最雄心勃勃的政治事业——这个项目后来被称为“昭昭命运”。保罗·赫顿：卡森正处于这场运动的最前沿，这种观点认为上帝或自然或任何人们想称呼的东西将为美利坚共和国开放西方，使西方成为自由帝国。
Narrator: With Carson in the lead, and a dozen wagons' worth of equipment and scientific instruments in tow, Frémont's party covered some 1,200 miles that summer -- moving steadily westward along the Platte and the North Platte, through the present-day states of Kansas and Nebraska, and up into the Rockies as far as South Pass, the broad valley that cut through the mountains and separated the first leg of the trail from the second.
旁白：在卡森的带领下，拖着十几辆马车的设备和科学仪器，弗里蒙特的队伍在那年夏天走了大约 1,200 英里——沿着普拉特河和北普拉特稳步向西行进，穿过现在的堪萨斯州和内布拉斯加州，进入落基山脉，一直到达南山口，南山口是一条宽阔的山谷，穿过群山，将小路的第一段和第二段分开。
The next summer, they returned to complete the route -- following the trail west across Mexico's frontier to the Pacific, then turning south and continuing on -- over the Sierra Nevada in the dead of winter, down into Alta California and across the Mohave Desert, before finally winding back around to the southern Rockies.
第二年夏天，他们返回完成路线——沿着小路向西穿过墨西哥边境到达太平洋，然后转向南方继续前行——在隆冬时越过内华达山脉，进入阿尔塔加州，穿过莫哈维沙漠，最后蜿蜒回到落基山脉南部。
By then, they had surveyed nearly 5,000 miles, and Frémont was convinced he'd found the ideal guide.
那时，他们已经勘测了近 5,000 英里，弗里蒙特确信他已经找到了理想的向导。
Sally Denton: He knows the land.
莎莉·丹顿：他了解这片土地。
And that's what attracts Frémont to him and vice versa.
这就是弗里蒙特吸引他的原因，反之亦然。
Fremont is a romantic and a lover of nature.
弗里蒙特是一个浪漫主义者，热爱自然。
Carson had a real sense of duty and loyalty and devotion to John C.
卡森对约翰·C·卡森 (John C.
Frémont.
弗里蒙特。
I don't think he had a sense of duty to American expansionism.
我认为他对美国的扩张主义没有责任感。
Hampton Sides: Carson was a very pragmatic, very humble, very steady guy.
汉普顿·塞德斯：卡森是一个非常务实、非常谦逊、非常稳定的人。
He had great judgment and a sort of education that was hard won, over many winters as a trapper.
他拥有出色的判断力，并接受了来之不易的教育，这是在许多个冬天当捕猎者的过程中获得的。
He understood all sorts of practical things that Frémont had no idea about.
他了解弗里蒙特所不知道的各种实际事物。
Dayton Duncan: He could give cool advice when you come across an Indian tribe, you know how should you act?
Dayton Duncan：当你遇到印第安部落时，他可以给你很酷的建议，你知道你应该怎么做吗？
If you want to try to figure out where water might be.
如果你想尝试找出水可能在哪里。
Or also how to read signs, how get from here to there over a mountain pass.
或者如何阅读标志，如何翻过山口从这里到那里。
Carson's the person you want to ask.
卡森就是你要问的人。
Hampton Sides: One of the things that Carson did during one of the expeditions with Frémont was ...
汉普顿赛德斯：卡森在与弗里蒙特的一次探险中所做的一件事是......
they encountered some Hispanic wayfarers who had had their horses stolen from them.
他们遇到了一些西班牙裔徒步旅行者，他们的马匹被偷了。
Paul Hutton: The New Mexicans have been attacked by Indians and the kind of mindset of the frontiersman was that you didn't allow this kind of behavior to go on, that you had to make a statement.
保罗·赫顿：新墨西哥人受到印第安人的攻击，拓荒者的心态是你不允许这种行为继续下去，你必须发表声明。
Hampton Sides: Rather spontaneously Carson decides to pursue these Indian horse thieves.
汉普顿赛德斯：卡森很自然地决定追捕这些印度马贼。
Paul Hutton: The Indians were a large group.
保罗·赫顿：印第安人是一个庞大的群体。
But nevertheless Carson and his companions snuck up on the band, killed several of them, retrieved all the horses and brought back the horses and several Indian scalps to Frémont's camp.
但尽管如此，卡森和他的同伴还是偷袭了这群人，杀死了其中几人，夺回了所有的马匹，并将马匹和几张印第安人的头皮带回了弗里蒙特的营地。
Hampton Sides: This really impressed Frémont: Carson, risking his life for a complete stranger.
汉普顿·塞德斯：这给弗里蒙特留下了深刻的印象：卡森为了一个完全陌生的人冒着生命危险。
And this is really where the myth of Kit Carson as this great sort of white avenger on the trail got its start.
这确实是基特·卡森作为一位伟大的白人复仇者的神话开始的地方。
Narrator: Thanks in large part to Carson, Frémont would come to be known as "the Pathfinder": the man responsible for mapping the entire length of the Oregon Trail, a great American explorer on the order of Lewis and Clark.
旁白：很大程度上要归功于卡森，弗里蒙特被称为“探路者”：负责绘制整个俄勒冈小道地图的人，是一位与刘易斯和克拉克并肩的伟大的美国探险家。
Frémont returned the favor.
弗雷蒙也回报了他的好意。
In August 1844, he had his expedition reports bound into a single volume and published in Washington, D.C. -- and on nearly every page, he lavished praise upon his trusty scout.
1844 年 8 月，他将探险报告装订成册，在华盛顿特区出版，几乎每一页都对他值得信赖的侦察员大加赞扬。
"Mounted on a fine horse, without a saddle, and scouring bareheaded over the prairies," he wrote in one typical passage, "Kit was one of the finest pictures of a horseman I have ever seen."
“骑在一匹好马上，没有马鞍，光着头在草原上奔跑，”他在一篇典型的文章中写道，“基特是我见过的最精美的骑手照片之一。”
Paul Hutton: Carson became a great romantic figure as an explorer, as a guide, as a frontiersman, as an Indian fighter in these books that were supposed to be reports were actually grand adventure tales.
保罗·赫顿：卡森成为了一位伟大的浪漫人物，作为一名探险家、一名向导、一名拓荒者、一名印第安战士，这些本应是报道的书实际上是宏大的冒险故事。
These books were best-sellers in their day and ...
这些书在当时是畅销书，并且......
were used as handbooks by hundreds of thousands of people going West.
被数十万前往西部的人用作手册。
Sally Denton: Immigrants would be in their wagons with that, holding that and it would say, this is where you're going to find fresh water, this is where there's going to be grass where you can graze your cattle.
莎莉·丹顿：移民会在他们的马车上拿着它，拿着它，它会说，这是你将找到淡水的地方，这是你可以放牧牲畜的草地的地方。
It was really the first map of its kind in America.
这确实是美国第一张此类地图。
Narrator: Native people and mountain men had long known the way across the vast western wilderness.
旁白：原住民和山民早已知道穿越广阔的西部荒野的道路。
Now, most of America knew it too.
现在，大多数美国人也知道了这一点。
Narrator: In July 1844, Carson rode into Taos, weary from his travels with Frémont, and ready to settle down with the girl he'd come to love.
旁白：1844 年 7 月，卡森骑马来到陶斯，因与弗里蒙特的旅行而感到疲惫，并准备与他所爱的女孩安顿下来。
The youngest daughter of a prominent New Mexican family, she was petite and raven-haired -- "a beauty," said one observer, "of the haughty, heart-breaking kind." Her name was Josefa, but Carson called her Josefita -- or sometimes, Little Jo.
她是新墨西哥州一个显赫家族最小的女儿，身材娇小，一头乌黑的头发——一位观察家说，“她是一位高傲、令人心碎的美人”。她的名字叫约瑟法，但卡森称她为约瑟菲塔，有时也叫她小乔。
Hampton Sides: She was 18 years Carson's junior.
Hampton Sides：她比卡森小 18 岁。
Carson was not exactly winning any beauty contests, but he clearly had some sort of charm and charisma if he was able to win her over.
卡森并没有赢得任何选美比赛，但如果他能够赢得她的青睐，他显然具有某种魅力和魅力。
Narrator: The wedding had been celebrated 17 months earlier, in February 1843, in the parish church in Taos.
旁白：17 个月前，即 1843 年 2 月，婚礼在陶斯的教区教堂举行。
Carson had been away from home almost ever since.
从那时起，卡森几乎就离开了家。
Now, he and Josefa were finally able to make a life together -- in their own little adobe house, not far from the town plaza.
现在，他和约瑟法终于能够一起生活了——在他们自己的小土坯房里，离城镇广场不远。
Hampton Sides: He truly married into this whole Hispanic life in Taos.
Hampton Sides：他真正融入了陶斯的整个西班牙裔生活。
He converted to the Catholic faith in order to please her family.
为了取悦她的家人，他皈依了天主教。
They spoke Spanish in their household.
他们在家里说西班牙语。
Their kids spoke Spanish as their first language and you know, this was his world.
他们的孩子以西班牙语为第一语言，你知道，这是他的世界。
Andrés Reséndez: Taos is a very special place.
Andrés Reséndez：陶斯是一个非常特别的地方。
It's literally the hinge between Mexico and the U.S. It is Mexico's northernmost town.
它实际上是墨西哥和美国之间的枢纽。它是墨西哥最北端的城镇。
It is a traditional trading place for indigenous peoples throughout the region: the Utes, Comanches, Apaches, Pueblo Indians.
它是整个地区土著人民（尤特人、科曼奇人、阿帕奇人、普韦布洛印第安人）的传统贸易场所。
So this is a trading hub of the first magnitude.
所以这是一个一流的贸易中心。
Narrator: In the two decades since Carson first arrived, the bustling trade on the Santa Fe Trail had turned the place noisy and crowded.
旁白：自从卡森第一次到达以来的二十年里，圣达菲步道上熙熙攘攘的贸易使这个地方变得喧闹和拥挤。
Scores of Americans already had put down roots in town -- and more were coming all the time.
已有数十名美国人在这座城市扎根，而且还在不断增加。
With his mind on his young bride, Carson may have missed the meaning of all those new arrivals.
卡森一心想着他年轻的新娘，他可能忽略了所有这些新来者的意义。
But they had come to stay -- and with the might of the American government behind them, they soon would make the West their own.
但他们已经留下来了——有了美国政府的支持，他们很快就会把西方变成自己的。
Narrator: It all happened more quickly than would later seem possible.
旁白：这一切发生的速度比后来看来的要快。
When 1845 dawned, the western border of the United States was officially drawn at the Rocky Mountains.
1845年黎明时分，美国西部边界正式划定在落基山脉。
Except for Texas, which had declared its independence, and the as-yet-unclaimed Pacific Northwest, the remainder of the continent was officially Mexican territory.
除了已宣布独立的得克萨斯州和尚未宣布独立的太平洋西北部地区外，该大陆的其余部分都是墨西哥的正式领土。
But due to the expansionist designs of President James K.
但由于詹姆斯·K·总统的扩张主义设计。
Polk, and a bloody war with Mexico that he provoked, by the late winter of 1847, the entire region -- more than 500 million acres -- was on the verge of becoming the property of the United States.
波尔克及其挑起的与墨西哥的血腥战争，到 1847 年冬末，整个地区（超过 5 亿英亩）即将成为美国的财产。
Hampton Sides: It was a bald land grab is essentially what it was, during the Mexican War.
汉普顿·塞德斯：墨西哥战争期间，这本质上是一场赤裸裸的土地掠夺。
The American army marched all the way from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to New Mexico, it conquered New Mexico.
美军从堪萨斯州的莱文沃斯堡一路行进到新墨西哥州，征服了新墨西哥州。
It kept on marching towards California.
它继续向加利福尼亚进军。
Narrator: Carson happened to be in California that winter, on yet another expedition with Frémont, and at Frémont's urging, had lent his assistance to the American forces there.
旁白：那年冬天，卡森碰巧在加利福尼亚州，与弗里蒙特一起进行另一次探险，并在弗里蒙特的敦促下，向那里的美军提供了援助。
In the field reports that were scribbled out during the course of the fighting his name appeared again and again -- describing how he had guided troops to San Diego, slipped through enemy lines to conduct vital messages, secured aid for several hundred soldiers under siege.
在战斗过程中潦草地写下的战地报告中，他的名字一次又一次出现——描述了他如何引导部队前往圣地亚哥，如何穿过敌军防线传递重要信息，如何为数百名被围困的士兵提供援助。
As a reward for his valuable service, Carson now had been sent East with a thick packet of sealed letters for the Secretary of State and the War Department -- the glowing accounts of his own battlefield heroism among them.
作为对他宝贵服务的奖励，卡森现在被派往东部，带着厚厚一包写给国务卿和陆军部的密封信件——其中有他对自己的战场英雄事迹的热情洋溢的描述。
Dayton Duncan: When the United States conquered California, took it away from Mexico, they needed to get the news back.
代顿邓肯：当美国征服加利福尼亚州，将其从墨西哥手中夺走时，他们需要传回消息。
There was no telegraph or anything at that time.
那时还没有电报什么的。
They wanted to get news across the entire continent of the United States and the guy that they decided was the best to do it was Kit Carson.
他们想要获得整个美国大陆的新闻，他们认为基特·卡森（Kit Carson）是最合适的人选。
Narrator: He arrived in Washington, D.C. in May 1847, some three months after he'd set out, having made the last leg of the journey by train.
旁白：1847 年 5 月，他乘火车完成了最后一段旅程，抵达华盛顿特区，大约在他出发三个月后。
On the platform to meet him was Jessie Benton Frémont -- wife of the nation's Pathfinder, and daughter to its most vocal champion of Manifest Destiny.
在站台上与他会面的是杰西·本顿·弗里蒙特 (Jessie Benton Frémont)，她是国家探路者的妻子，也是昭昭命运运动中最直言不讳的拥护者的女儿。
She had never laid eyes on Carson before; but she easily recognized him from the descriptions in her husband's expedition reports.
她以前从未见过卡森。但根据她丈夫探险报告中的描述，她很容易认出了他。
It would be her honor, she told Carson, to act as his guide.
她告诉卡森，担任他的向导将是她的荣幸。
But Carson found the capital bewildering -- a welter of inscrutable signs and gawking strangers.
但卡森发现首都令人眼花缭乱——充满了难以理解的标志和目瞪口呆的陌生人。
He was outraged at having to pay for transportation, and complained about it so bitterly that Jessie was moved to get him a horse.
他对必须支付交通费感到愤怒，并对此进行了严厉的抱怨，以至于杰西感动地给他买了一匹马。
His room at the Benton mansion was stifling, and he soon quit the soft mattress there for a bedroll out on the veranda.
他在本顿宅邸的房间令人窒息，他很快就离开了柔软的床垫，在阳台上铺了一张铺盖卷。
But nothing put him at ease.
但没有什么能让他安心。
Hampton Sides: It was almost like a Tarzan character been dragged out of the jungle and brought into the city.
Hampton Sides：这几乎就像泰山角色被从丛林中拖出并带入城市一样。
He didn't really understand city life and had spent very little time in any sort of urban situation.
他并不真正了解城市生活，也很少接触过任何城市环境。
Most the time he's with Jessie Frémont.
大多数时候他和杰西·弗里蒙特在一起。
She introduced him to all these influential figures in Washington.
她把他介绍给华盛顿所有这些有影响力的人物。
And people were fascinated by him.
人们对他着迷。
Paul Hutton: Everyone wants to meet Kit Carson.
保罗·赫顿：每个人都想见到基特·卡森。
And that's because Kit Carson is the very living, breathing symbol of the American frontier and of our expansion westward.
这是因为基特·卡森是美国边境和我们向西扩张的生动象征。
And of course everyone to hear from his lips what the opportunities are for America in the West.
当然，每个人都从他的嘴里听到美国在西方的机会是什么。
Narrator: Their schemes were ambitious -- and to Carson's ears, a bit outlandish.
旁白：他们的计划雄心勃勃——但在卡森看来，有点古怪。
They saw the Western landscape transformed: its forests cleared, its valleys covered over with farms and towns.
他们看到西部景观发生了变化：森林被砍伐，山谷被农场和城镇覆盖。
There was even talk of a railroad that would run clear across the continent.
甚至有人谈论将修建一条横贯非洲大陆的铁路。
Paul Hutton: He's sort of amazed at the attitude of these men.
保罗·赫顿：他对这些人的态度感到有点惊讶。
He said, they're princes here in the east but they would be nothing in the West.
他说，他们在东方是王子，但在西方就什么都不是。
They would be completely helpless there, but here they put on such airs.
在那里他们会完全无助，但在这里他们却摆出这样的架子。
Hampton Sides: You get a sense that as much as he hated it, he knew that it was important.
Hampton Sides：你会感觉到，尽管他很讨厌它，但他知道这很重要。
These men had sponsored him and were sort of the agents of all of these changes that had come to the West.
这些人赞助了他，并且是西方发生的所有这些变革的推动者。
Carson was deferential towards men who were better connected and who were better educated than he was.
卡森对那些比他更有人脉关系、受过更好教育的人表现出毕恭毕敬的态度。
And he felt a duty to respond to their inquiries in various ways.
他觉得有责任以各种方式回应他们的询问。
Narrator: By the time he was ushered into the White House for a private audience with President Polk, Carson had only one objective: to get back to Taos and Josefa.
旁白：当卡森被带入白宫与波尔克总统进行私人会见时，他只有一个目标：回到陶斯和约瑟夫身边。
Polk had other plans.
波尔克还有其他计划。
He had some official dispatches to send to the U.S. commanders in California, and he wanted Carson to carry them.
他有一些正式的急件要发送给加利福尼亚州的美国指挥官，他希望卡森携带它们。
John M.
约翰·M。
Carson, Great-Grandson: You know he wasn't the kind of guy that said no, he's going to, you know he's got a job to do, he's going to do it.
卡森（曾孙）：你知道他不是那种说不的人，他会去做，你知道他有工作要做，他会去做。
Hampton Sides: Carson assumes a [new] role as a transcontinental courier, ferrying these messages back and forth from California to Washington.
汉普顿赛德斯：卡森承担了一个跨大陆信使的[新]角色，将这些消息从加利福尼亚来回运送到华盛顿。
It's unbelievable when you think about how many tens of thousands of miles this guy covered.
想想这家伙走了多少万英里，真是难以置信。
In many ways, Kit Carson was the field agent of Manifest Destiny.
从很多方面来说，基特·卡森都是昭昭命运组织的现场特工。
Narrator: Before he finally returned to Taos, 16 months later, Carson's sense of duty would take him across the country four times and over some 16,000 miles, most of it on the back of a mule.
旁白：16个月后，在他最终回到陶斯之前，卡森的责任感让他四次穿越这个国家，行程超过16,000英里，其中大部分是骑在骡子背上。
Along the way, he would convey government reports and military orders and news of developments on the ground -- all of it vital information that would bind the two sides of the country together, and help to make West an entirely different place.
一路上，他将传达政府报告、军事命令以及当地事态发展的新闻——所有这些都是至关重要的信息，将把两国联系在一起，并帮助使西方成为一个完全不同的地方。
Paul Hutton: Kit Carson went to the West for the freedom and the openness to escape from the constraints of society back home, back in the States.
保罗·赫顿：基特·卡森前往西方寻求自由和开放，以摆脱家乡美国社会的束缚。
But then of course he brought it all with him.
但他当然把这一切都带走了。
The dream of a continental nation has been met.
大陆国家的梦想已经实现。
America stretches from sea to sea.
美国从一个海洋延伸到另一个海洋。
The west is transformed and he sees it all but he's also one of the major instruments that brings about that change.
西方已经发生了转变，他看到了这一切，但他也是带来这种变化的主要工具之一。
Narrator: By the late 1840s, Kit Carson, the hero of Fremont's best-selling expedition reports, was fast becoming a national obsession.
旁白：到 1840 年代末，弗里蒙特畅销探险报告中的英雄基特·卡森 (Kit Carson) 迅速成为全国关注的焦点。
It began innocently enough, with stories told in taverns and names on a map.
故事一开始很天真，小酒馆里讲述着故事，地图上写着名字。
Then, in 1849, came a new literary hero, Kit Carson: The Prince of the Gold Hunters -- a giant of a man who referred to Indians as "redskins," "critters" and "varmints," and cheerfully slaughtered them by the dozen.
然后，在 1849 年，出现了一位新的文学英雄，基特·卡森（Kit Carson）：黄金猎人王子——一个巨人，他称印第安人为“红皮人”、“小动物”和“恶鼠”，并兴高采烈地屠杀了他们。
Written by an East Coast hack who claimed it had been "founded on actual facts," the book was a smash hit.
这本书由东海岸的一位黑客撰写，他声称这本书“基于事实”，因此大受欢迎。
Almost overnight, it became the template for a brand new genre of adventure stories -- hair-raising, action-packed and set in the uncharted wilds of the far West.
几乎一夜之间，它就成为了一种全新类型的冒险故事的模板——令人毛骨悚然，充满动作，以遥远的西部未知的荒野为背景。
Americans called them "blood and thunders."
美国人称其为“血与雷”。
Hampton Sides: These were atrocious books.
Hampton Sides：这些都是残暴的书。
I mean they were just terrible to read.
我的意思是它们读起来很糟糕。
I would dare you to read them.
我鼓励你阅读它们。
But they were enormously popular in the late '40s, '50s, and '60s.
但它们在 40 年代末、50 年代和 60 年代非常流行。
During the Civil War, they were read by Northerners and Southerners in the trenches.
南北战争期间，北方人和南方人在战壕里阅读它们。
One theme that everyone could agree on, the American West and great plucky characters like Kit Carson.
这是一个每个人都同意的主题：美国西部和像基特·卡森这样勇敢的人物。
Narrator: Rocky Mountain Kit's Last Scalp Hunt , Kit Carson's Bride , Kit Carson to the Rescue -- some 70 books would be written over the years to come.
旁白：《落基山》、《基特·卡森的最后一次头皮狩猎》、《基特·卡森的新娘》、《基特·卡森的救援》——在接下来的几年里将写出大约 70 本书。
Priced to sell at just 25 cents or less, they would seal Carson's reputation as a hunter-avenger-killer whose exploits helped clear the way for civilization.
它们的售价仅为 25 美分或更低，它们将巩固卡森作为猎人、复仇者、杀手的声誉，他的功绩为文明扫清了道路。
David Roberts: These popular romances are unabashedly about killing Indians.
大卫·罗伯茨：这些流行的浪漫故事毫不掩饰地讲述了杀害印第安人的故事。
The ones featuring Kit Carson have him riding into a camp, greeting 20 hostile savages, dispatching all of them and scalping them and riding out with his scalps dangling from his saddle.
以基特·卡森 (Kit Carson) 为主角的影片中，他骑马进入一个营地，迎接 20 名敌对的野蛮人，将他们全部消灭，剥掉他们的头皮，然后骑着马离开，头皮在马鞍上晃来晃去。
In the mood of the day this is heroic.
在今天的气氛中，这是英雄般的。
Hampton Sides: They made no attempt to understand the real Kit Carson, not gotten his consent to use his name.
汉普顿·赛德斯：他们没有试图了解真正的基特·卡森，也没有征得他同意使用他的名字。
They certainly didn't pay him any money.
他们当然没有付给他任何钱。
And the final irony of the blood and thunders was that Carson couldn't read them because he was illiterate.
而血与雷的最后一个讽刺是，卡森无法阅读它们，因为他是文盲。
Narrator: Of course, the fictional Carson bore almost no resemblance to the real one.
旁白：当然，虚构的卡森与真实的卡森几乎没有相似之处。
As a stranger once put it, after being told that the small man before him was the legendary Kit Carson: "...
正如一位陌生人在得知他面前的这个小个子就是传奇人物基特·卡森后曾经说过的：“......
You ain't the kind of Kit Carson I'm lookin' for."
你不是我要找的那种基特·卡森。”
Dayton Duncan: Kit Carson just was who he was and other people projected onto him their own beliefs, their own myths.
代顿·邓肯：基特·卡森就是他自己，其他人将他们自己的信仰、他们自己的神话投射到他身上。
And in that respect I think he is like the West itself.
在这方面，我认为他就像西方本身。
It's a real place.
这是一个真实的地方。
There were real things that happened and they were fascinating, dramatic, tragic.
这些事情是真实发生的，它们是迷人的、戏剧性的、悲惨的。
But that wasn't quite enough for us as a society, we had to twist it and mythologize it and sometimes distort it completely out of context.
但这对于我们这个社会来说还不够，我们必须扭曲它，将它神话化，有时甚至完全断章取义。
Kit Carson was the greatest living symbol of that desire that Americans had to mythologize the West and take real things and turn them into something else.
基特·卡森（Kit Carson）是美国人必须将西方神话化并把真实的东西变成其他东西的愿望的最伟大的活生生的象征。
Hampton Sides: Throughout Carson's life he doesn't linger anywhere really.
汉普顿·塞德斯：在卡森的一生中，他并没有真正在任何地方徘徊。
He's always on the move.
他总是在移动。
He seems to be constitutionally incapable of saying "no" to these various missions that are laid at his feet.
他似乎天生就无法对摆在他脚下的各种使命说“不”。
But the central theme in his life is always that he wants to get back to New Mexico and get back to Josefa and live this sort of normal existence that he imagines for himself.
但他生活的中心主题始终是他想回到新墨西哥州，回到约瑟法，过上他为自己想象的正常生活。
Narrator: By the close of 1848, Carson was home in New Mexico, the last of his courier missions finally behind him.
旁白：1848 年底，卡森回到了新墨西哥州的家中，他的最后一次信使任务终于结束了。
In six years of marriage, he and Josefa had so far lived together fewer than six months.
结婚六年以来，他和约瑟法迄今为止共同生活的时间还不到六个月。
With their first child now on the way, Carson had partnered with a fellow ex-trapper and launched a cattle operation in the Rayado Valley, some 50 miles east of Taos.
他们的第一个孩子即将出生，卡森与一位前捕猎者伙伴合作，在陶斯以东约 50 英里的拉亚多谷 (Rayado Valley) 开展了一项养牛活动。
Like settlers all over New Mexico, they were treading on contested ground.
就像新墨西哥州各地的定居者一样，他们踏上了有争议的土地。
Andrés Reséndez: We tend to see maps of that area of New Mexico and we see of course the American settlements and we draw lines and the rest is just Indian territory.
安德烈斯·雷森德斯：我们倾向于看到新墨西哥州那个地区的地图，我们当然看到美国定居点，我们画了界线，其余的只是印度领土。
We don't know what's in there.
我们不知道里面有什么。
In fact, a more realistic map of that area would see very large, very powerful, very stable Indian nations and even though these nations were nomadic, they had clearly formed territories and whenever somebody trespassed they were punished.
事实上，在该地区的更现实的地图上会看到非常大、非常强大、非常稳定的印度国家，即使这些国家是游牧民族，他们也有明确的领土划分，每当有人侵犯他们就会受到惩罚。
Narrator: Carson had spent too many years among native peoples to be daunted.
旁白：卡森在原住民中生活了太多年，不会被吓倒。
"We had been leading a roving life long enough," he later remembered, "and now was the time, if ever, to make a home for ourselves and our children." Then, one afternoon in late October 1849, Army Major William Grier came tearing up to the ranch to ask Carson for help.
“我们已经过着漂泊的生活足够长的时间了，”他后来回忆道，“现在是时候为我们自己和我们的孩子建立一个家了。”然后，1849 年 10 月下旬的一天下午，陆军少校威廉·格里尔 (William Grier) 气急败坏地来到牧场向卡森寻求帮助。
A few weeks before, a Missouri trader named James White had been heading west on the nearby Santa Fe Trail with his wife Ann and their infant daughter, when their party had been attacked by Indians.
几周前，一位名叫詹姆斯·怀特（James White）的密苏里州商人与他的妻子安（Ann）和年幼的女儿沿着附近的圣达菲小道（Santa Fe Trail）向西行进，当时他们的队伍遭到了印第安人的袭击。
White had been killed; Ann and the child taken captive.
怀特已经被杀了；安和孩子被俘虏。
In the days since, the captured woman and her baby had been spotted in a Jicarilla Apache encampment, out on the plains somewhere east of the Trail.
在那之后的几天里，人们在小道以东平原上的一个吉卡里拉阿帕奇营地中发现了被俘的妇女和她的孩子。
Grier figured if anyone could find them, it was Carson.
格里尔认为如果有人能找到他们，那就是卡森。
Hampton Sides: Kit Carson understood the Jicarilla Apaches quite well, spoke their language.
汉普顿赛兹：基特·卡森非常了解吉卡里拉阿帕奇人，会说他们的语言。
And he was a likely candidate for this job.
他很可能是这份工作的候选人。
So he begins to pursue them east towards Texas.
于是他开始向东追击他们，前往德克萨斯州。
He was accompanied by a group of soldiers.
陪同他的是一群士兵。
They chased the Jicarilla Apache for something like twelve days.
他们追击了吉卡里拉阿帕奇大约十二天。
Narrator: "It was the most difficult trail that I ever followed," Carson later said.
旁白：“这是我走过的最困难的路线，”卡森后来说。
"In nearly every camp we would find some of Mrs. White's clothing, which was the cause of renewed energy on our part to continue the pursuit."
“几乎在每个营地，我们都会找到一些怀特夫人的衣服，这让我们重新焕发活力，继续追寻。”
Finally, late on the twelfth day, Carson saw plumes of smoke curling skyward in the distance: the cooking fires of a large Jicarilla Apache camp.
最后，在第十二天晚些时候，卡森看到远处升起滚滚浓烟：一个巨大的吉卡里拉阿帕奇营地正在生火。
Hampton Sides: There's a disagreement about how to approach the Jicarillas, some within the party hoped that they can negotiate with them.
Hampton Sides：对于如何接近Jicarillas存在分歧，党内一些人希望能够与他们进行谈判。
Carson believes they should attack immediately.
卡森认为他们应该立即进攻。
In the confusion, however, the Jicarilla Apaches spot the party and scatter.
然而，在混乱中，吉卡里拉阿帕奇发现了这支队伍并驱散了。
Narrator: Grier "ordered the men to charge," Carson remembered, "but the order was too late for the desired effect.
旁白：格里尔“命令士兵们冲锋，”卡森回忆道，“但这个命令来得太晚了，达不到预期的效果。
In about 200 yards, the body of Mrs. White was found, perfectly warm, had not been killed more than five minutes -- shot through the heart with an arrow."
在大约 200 码处，人们发现了怀特夫人的尸体，尸体完全温暖，死亡时间不超过五分钟——被箭射穿了心脏。”
Later, sorting through what remained of the camp, one of Grier's men came across a book, which presumably had belonged to Mrs. White: a copy of the wildly popular blood-and-thunder Kit Carson: The Prince of The Gold Hunters .
后来，格里尔的一个手下在整理营地里剩下的东西时发现了一本书，大概是怀特夫人的：一本广受欢迎的血与雷的基特·卡森：黄金猎人的王子。
Hampton Sides: Of course Carson couldn't read it, he had to have someone else read it to him, but it was extraordinary because in this book Kit Carson was assigned the task of rescuing a woman who'd been kidnapped by Indians, and here he was given the task of saving this woman, but in this case, in the real situation, he'd failed and she had died.
汉普顿·塞德斯：卡森当然读不懂，他必须让别人读给他听，但这很不寻常，因为在这本书中，基特·卡森被分配了营救一名被印第安人绑架的妇女的任务，而在这里，他被赋予了拯救这个女人的任务，但在这种情况下，在真实的情况下，他失败了，她死了。
And he felt perhaps that this book had given Ann White some sort of false hope, that she would be rescued, that Kit Carson was near.
他觉得也许这本书给了安·怀特某种虚假的希望，她会获救，基特·卡森就在附近。
Paul Hutton: The myth of the West came head to head with the reality of the West in that moment.
保罗·赫顿：在那一刻，西方的神话与西方的现实正面交锋。
And Kit Carson was just stunned by that experience.
基特·卡森对那次经历感到震惊。
He never got over, never got over the incident.
他从来没有从这件事中走出来，从来没有从这件事中走出来。
And it haunted him all the rest of his days.
在他余下的日子里，这件事一直困扰着他。
Narrator: Things might have been different if James and Ann White had been the last, or the only.
旁白：如果詹姆斯和安·怀特是最后一个，或者唯一一个，事情可能会有所不同。
But they were two among tens of thousands -- a tiny drop in the massive migratory wave that was then rolling westward and swamping everything in its path.
但他们只是数以万计的人中的两个，是当时向西滚滚并淹没沿途一切的巨大迁徙浪潮中的一小部分。
Carson could trace the start of it back to the discovery of gold in California, news of which he is thought to have carried, on one of his courier missions East.
卡森的发现可以追溯到在加利福尼亚州发现黄金，据信他在一次向东执行的一次信使任务中携带了这一消息。
In 1849 alone, some 100,000 Americans had set out for California; and as the traffic on the trails increased, so too did the clashes between settlers and Indians.
仅 1849 年，就有大约 10 万美国人出发前往加利福尼亚州；随着小道上交通量的增加，定居者和印第安人之间的冲突也随之增加。
Inevitably, Carson was called upon to help mediate those conflicts -- and in 1853, he accepted a position as an Indian agent for the northern New Mexico Territory.
卡森不可避免地被要求帮助调解这些冲突，并于 1853 年接受了新墨西哥州北部印第安人特工的职位。
Andrés Reséndez: I'm sure part of his calculation was that he would moderate whatever destructive impulses the U.S. may have had towards these groups.
安德烈斯·雷森德斯：我确信他的部分计划是，他将缓和美国对这些群体可能产生的任何破坏性冲动。
So part of his calculation I'm sure is that well I better do it rather than somebody else.
所以我确信他的部分计算是我最好做这件事而不是其他人。
Narrator: For an annual salary of $1550, he would now serve as the U.
旁白：他现在将担任美国总统，年薪为 1550 美元。
S.
S。
government's official representative in its dealings with the Muache Utes, a band of nomadic hunters that New Mexican officials had branded "the most difficult ...
政府官方代表处理与穆阿奇尤特人打交道的事宜，穆阿奇尤特人是一群游牧猎人，新墨西哥州官员将其称为“最困难的......
to manage in the Territory."
在领土内进行管理。”
Day after day, Carson listened to the Utes' grievances, lodged complaints on their behalf, smoked and talked with them.
日复一日，卡森倾听犹特人的不满，代表他们提出投诉，抽烟并与他们交谈。
He grew especially fond of a chief named Kaniache, who would prove a lifelong friend.
他特别喜欢一位名叫卡尼亚奇的酋长，后来证明他是他一生的朋友。
Hampton Sides: The Utes called Carson "Father Kit." And they loved him by all accounts he was fair-minded and honest and began to really do the very tough work of thinking about Indian policy.
汉普顿赛德斯：犹特人称卡森为“父亲基特”。从各方面来看，他们都很爱他，他思想公正、诚实，并开始认真思考印度政策。
What are we doing to the lives of these tribes?
我们对这些部落的生活做了什么？
Dayton Duncan: He was a better Indian agent than most of the other people at the time because he actually knew the Indians.
代顿邓肯：他是一位比当时大多数其他人更好的印度特工，因为他实际上了解印第安人。
A lot of times they were political appointees.
很多时候他们是政治任命者。
A lot of times they were people with connections.
很多时候他们都是有关系的人。
Sometimes they were missionaries come, not necessarily just to understand the Indians, but to make them not Indians, to convert them.
有时他们是传教士，不一定只是为了了解印第安人，而是为了让他们不再是印第安人，让他们皈依。
And Carson was not entirely unique, but he stands out as somebody who honestly tried to do what he thought was the best for them.
卡森并不完全是独一无二的，但他作为一个诚实地尝试做他认为对他们最好的事情的人而脱颖而出。
Narrator: By far the bulk of Carson's time was taken up with New Mexico's most persistent source of conflict -- an ancient practice, common to the Utes, the Navajos and other native peoples, known as "raiding."
旁白：到目前为止，卡森的大部分时间都花在了新墨西哥州最持久的冲突根源上——这是一种古老的做法，在尤特人、纳瓦霍人和其他土著民族中很常见，被称为“袭击”。
Andrés Reséndez: This was part of their way of gaining resources.
Andrés Reséndez：这是他们获取资源方式的一部分。
You would go out and raid.
你会出去袭击。
Because some of these settlements were exposed, and because they had tangible resources that you could appropriate.
因为其中一些定居点是暴露的，而且因为它们拥有你可以侵占的有形资源。
There were women and children that could further your population expansion.
妇女和儿童可以进一步促进人口扩张。
All of these things came into play these were very shrewd communities living in a very harsh environment and so you had to do what you had to do.
所有这些事情都发挥了作用，这些都是生活在非常恶劣的环境中的非常精明的社区，所以你必须做你必须做的事情。
Narrator: Carson considered raiding a grave threat to frontier security -- and he knew from long experience that the Indians' own code of justice demanded retribution.
旁白：卡森认为袭击对边境安全构成严重威胁，而且他从长期经验中知道，印第安人自己的正义准则要求报复。
But as the months and years passed, he began to see that many of the crimes blamed on Indians were in fact the fault of whites -- newcomers who were settling on traditional hunting grounds and driving off all the game.
但随着时间的流逝，他开始意识到，许多归咎于印第安人的罪行实际上都是白人的错——这些新来者在传统的狩猎场上定居下来，赶走了所有的猎物。
When a Ute chief called Blanco was accused of robbing sheep, Carson reported that the Indian had had no other choice.
当一位名叫布兰科的犹特酋长被指控抢劫羊群时，卡森报告说，印第安人别无选择。
"[If] the Government will not do something .
“[如果]政府不采取行动……
.
。
.
。
to save [the Utes] from starving," he argued, "they will be obliged to steal."
为了使[犹特人]免于饥饿，”他争辩说，“他们将不得不偷窃。”
Andrés Reséndez: Here we have a world that had existed on its own for thousands of years, a world that is coming to an end because of a very rapidly growing American population.
安德烈斯·雷森德斯：在这里，我们拥有一个已经独立存在了数千年的世界，这个世界由于美国人口的快速增长而即将终结。
Carson came to see the moment white settlers outnumber indigenous peoples.
卡森看到了白人定居者数量超过土著人民的那一刻。
It's very hard for these indigenous peoples to actually hold the line then.
对于这些土著人民来说，真正坚守阵地是非常困难的。
Hampton Sides: He was alarmed, everywhere he turned he saw that the Indian populations were dwindling and he began to grapple in his own way dictating hundreds and hundreds of letters you begin to see a realization that many of the changes that he had set in motion were really changing the whole complexion of the West.
汉普顿·塞德斯：他很震惊，无论他走到哪里，他都看到印第安人口正在减少，他开始以自己的方式口述成百上千封信件，你开始意识到他发起的许多变化确实正在改变整个西方的面貌。
Narrator: No American, least of all Carson, believed the nation's westward migration could be stopped.
旁白：没有一个美国人，尤其是卡森，相信这个国家的向西移民可以被阻止。
"The government has but one alternative," he concluded, "either to subsist and clothe [the Indians] or exterminate them."
“政府只有一个选择，”他总结道，“要么生存并给[印第安人]提供衣服，要么消灭他们。”
Dayton Duncan: There are these incredible forces at work at this time.
代顿邓肯：此时有这些令人难以置信的力量在发挥作用。
There is a nation intent on moving across the west as quickly and as decisively as possible.
有一个国家决心尽快、果断地向西方进发。
Kit Carson found himself incapable of stopping those larger forces.
基特·卡森发现自己无法阻止这些更大的力量。
So he became an agent in their...in the destruction of their way of life, though he was not an Indian hater in the...in the sense that a lot of Anglos of the mid-19th Century were true racist Indian haters in the worst possible sense.
因此，他成为了他们……破坏他们生活方式的代理人，尽管他并不是一个仇恨印度人……从某种意义上说，19世纪中叶的许多盎格鲁人是真正的种族主义印度仇恨者。
That was not Kit Carson.
那不是基特·卡森。
Paul Hutton: His children are Indian and Hispanic.
保罗·赫顿：他的孩子是印度人和西班牙人。
And he knows that they will carry that appellation in their life because of the blood that they carry.
他知道，由于他们所流淌的鲜血，他们将在一生中带着这个称号。
He deals easily with native peoples because he's just like them.
他很容易与当地人打交道，因为他就像他们一样。
That doesn't mean he's on their side, he's not.
这并不意味着他站在他们一边，他不是。
But it means he understands where they're coming from.
但这意味着他了解它们来自哪里。
Narrator: On the day the army courier turned up with his orders to round up the Indians, in the fall of 1862, Carson had just marked his one-year anniversary as Commander of the First New Mexico Volunteers.
旁白：1862 年秋天，陆军信使带着围捕印第安人的命令出现的那天，卡森刚刚庆祝了他担任新墨西哥州第一支志愿军指挥官一周年纪念日。
He'd accepted the position during the early months of the Civil War, when a force of Texas cavalry rode into southern New Mexico and proclaimed the area Confederate territory.
他在内战初期几个月接受了这一职位，当时德克萨斯州的一支骑兵部队骑马进入新墨西哥州南部，并宣布该地区为南部邦联领土。
The Confederates had been easily turned back, and Carson hoped soon to be mustered out, returned to Josefa and reinstated as an Indian agent.
南方联盟军很容易被击退，卡森希望很快能被召集起来，返回约瑟夫并恢复印度特工的身份。
But events had conspired against him.
但事态的发展对他不利。
While the New Mexican forces had been preoccupied with the Civil War, the Indians, especially the Mescalero Apaches and the Navajos, had stepped up their raiding.
当新墨西哥军队全神贯注于内战时，印第安人，特别是梅斯卡莱罗阿帕奇人和纳瓦霍人，却加大了袭击力度。
Over the previous year alone, more than 30,000 sheep had been stolen, and some 300 people killed.
仅去年一年，就有3万多只羊被盗，约300人被杀。
Now, Carson had received an urgent dispatch from Brigadier General James Henry Carleton, ordering him to put the Indian troublemakers down -- one tribe at a time, and once and for all.
现在，卡森收到了詹姆斯·亨利·卡尔顿准将的紧急派遣，命令他一劳永逸地镇压印第安麻烦制造者——一次一个部落。
Hampton Sides: James Henry Carleton was a piece of work.
汉普顿赛德斯：詹姆斯·亨利·卡尔顿是一件杰作。
He was a New England Calvinist, man of a very tidy intellect.
他是一位新英格兰加尔文主义者，智力非常高超。
These were messy social problems and he could not countenance this sort of situation.
这些都是乱七八糟的社会问题，他不能容忍这种情况。
And believed with great conviction that he could fix it almost overnight.
并且坚信他几乎可以在一夜之间解决这个问题。
Narrator: Convinced that treaties had no lasting effect, Carleton planned the most comprehensive -- and most ruthless -- campaign ever to have been carried out in the West: Carson and his men would make total war on the Indians.
旁白：卡尔顿深信条约不会产生持久的影响，他计划在西方发动有史以来最全面、最残酷的战役：卡森和他的部下将对印第安人发动全面战争。
They would kill all the adult men on sight, take the women and children prisoner, and march them several hundred miles to the new reservation Carleton had established in the grasslands of eastern New Mexico -- the Bosque Redondo.
他们会杀死所有见到的成年男子，俘虏妇女和儿童，然后将他们押送到数百英里外的卡尔顿在新墨西哥州东部草原上建立的新保留地——博斯克雷东多。
Hampton Sides: He wanted to force them overnight at gunpoint to become Christian farmers.
汉普顿·塞德斯：他想用枪威胁他们一夜之间成为基督徒农民。
He believed this was important not only for their own good, but he believed this was a model for how to deal with all the nomadic tribes of the West.
他相信这不仅对他们自己的利益很重要，而且他相信这是如何与西方所有游牧部落打交道的典范。
Paul Hutton: He felt that he could solve in New Mexico, this Indian problem and Carleton turns to Carson of course because he's Kit Carson.
保罗·赫顿：他觉得他可以解决新墨西哥州的印第安人问题，卡尔顿当然转向卡森，因为他是基特·卡森。
Narrator: Carson was 52 now, and bone-tired -- and there was an odd pain in his chest that came and went without warning.
旁白：卡森现在 52 岁了，疲惫不堪，胸口有一种奇怪的疼痛，毫无预兆地来来去去。
He missed his wife, and regretted that the four children they'd had together lately had seen so little of their father.
他想念他的妻子，并为他们生下的四个孩子最近很少见到他们的父亲而感到遗憾。
But an order was an order -- and Carson could not refuse.
但命令就是命令——卡森无法拒绝。
As he struggled to reconcile himself to another season away from his family, he called in his clerk and dictated a letter, in Spanish, to Josefa.
当他努力适应又一个远离家人的季节时，他叫来了他的职员，用西班牙语口述了一封信给约瑟法。
"Adora Esposa," he began, "Do not worry about me because with God's help we shall see each other [again]...
“阿多拉·埃斯波萨，”他开始说道，“别担心我，因为在上帝的帮助下我们会再次见面……
I charge you above all not to get weary of caring for my children, and to give each one a little kiss in my name ...
我首先嘱咐你们不要厌倦照顾我的孩子们，并以我的名义给每个孩子一个小小的吻......
I remain begging God that I return in good health to be with you until death ...
我仍然祈求上帝让我身体健康地回来和你在一起直到死亡......
Your husband who loves you and wishes to see you more than to write to you."
你的丈夫爱你，比起给你写信，他更希望见到你。”
Four months later, Carson could report [to Carleton] that the first phase of the campaign had been accomplished.
四个月后，卡森可以向卡尔顿报告，竞选活动的第一阶段已经完成。
Although he'd quietly ignored the order to shoot the men on-sight, he'd nevertheless managed to round up the Mescalero Apaches -- and he asked that Carleton release him from his commission.
尽管他悄悄地无视了当场射杀这些人的命令，但他还是设法围捕了梅斯卡莱罗阿帕奇人——他要求卡尔顿解除他的委托。
Hampton Sides: He really had not joined the U.S. army to fight Indians.
汉普顿·塞德斯：他加入美国军队确实不是为了与印第安人作战。
He had joined to fight the Texans during the Civil War.
内战期间，他参加了与德克萨斯人的战斗。
And he said, if the Texans return I'll put on a uniform again, but I need to go back to my wife and children.
他说，如果德州人回来，我会再次穿上制服，但我需要回到我的妻子和孩子身边。
Josefa was pregnant again.
约瑟法又怀孕了。
He wanted to get back home to Taos.
他想回到陶斯的家。
Narrator: Carleton refused.
旁白：卡尔顿拒绝了。
He needed Carson to complete the campaign.
他需要卡森来完成竞选活动。
No one else, he insisted, possessed Carson's "peculiar skill and high courage." And no one else stood a chance against Carleton's next target, the most formidable of all of New Mexico's native peoples, the Navajos.
他坚称，没有其他人拥有卡森的“特殊技巧和崇高勇气”。没有人有机会对抗卡尔顿的下一个目标，即新墨西哥州所有原住民中最强大的纳瓦霍人。
Marie Jakes, resident of Canyon de Chelly: We consider this our land.
谢伊峡谷 (Canyon de Chelly) 居民玛丽·杰克斯 (Marie Jakes)：我们认为这是我们的土地。
We're the ones who use it and care for it.
我们是使用它并关心它的人。
These have always been fertile lands, with bold harvests.
这些土地一直都是肥沃的土地，丰收的果实。
There is a deep presence of spirituality here.
这里有一种深刻的灵性存在。
The mountains that surround us are holy.
我们周围的山是神圣的。
One can't let that connection drop.
人们不能让这种联系断开。
Narrator: For nearly 500 years, they had lived on the ground bordered by the Four Sacred Mountains.
旁白：他们在四圣山的土地上生活了近五百年。
For 500 years, they had tended their flocks of sheep, and cultivated their fields and orchards.
五百年来，他们一直饲养羊群，耕种田地和果园。
And for 500 years, they had tangled continually with their neighbors, perpetuating the cycle of raid and retaliation that had made the New Mexico Territory infamous.
500 年来，他们与邻居不断发生冲突，使袭击和报复循环不断，使新墨西哥领地声名狼藉。
They called themselves the Diné.
他们称自己为“迪内人”。
But to the many who feared them, they were the Navajos.
但对于许多害怕他们的人来说，他们是纳瓦霍人。
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Scott Momaday: New Mexico was terrified of Navajo They were warlike.
斯科特·莫马迪：新墨西哥州害怕纳瓦霍人，他们好战。
This was a part of their culture, raiding, stealing, killing.
这是他们文化的一部分，掠夺、偷窃、杀戮。
They were formidable, they were dangerous and people were afraid of them.
他们很强大，很危险，人们都害怕他们。
Hampton Sides: Carson had lived in New Mexico his entire adult life and public enemy number one was the Navajo.
汉普顿赛德斯：卡森成年后一直住在新墨西哥州，头号公敌是纳瓦霍人。
Everybody in New Mexico, every Hispanic person had some friend or family member who had been killed by the Navajo, or had been stolen by the Navajo.
新墨西哥州的每个人，每个西班牙裔人都有一些朋友或家人被纳瓦霍人杀害或被纳瓦霍人偷走。
And I think he thought Carleton's idea of a reservation on the Pecos was as good as any that had been put forward as to how to end this cycle of violence.
我认为他认为卡尔顿关于佩科斯保留的想法与就如何结束这一暴力循环而提出的任何想法一样好。
Narrator: In early July 1863, Carson set off in the direction of Navajo country with a column of several hundred men: U.S. Army officers, New Mexican volunteers, and auxiliary troops recruited -- at Carson's request -- from among his former charges, the Utes, who were longtime and bitter tribal enemies of the Navajos.
旁白：1863 年 7 月初，卡森率领一支数百人的纵队向纳瓦霍地区出发：美国陆军军官、新墨西哥州志愿者，以及应卡森的要求从他以前的指控者尤特人中招募的辅助部队，尤特人是纳瓦霍人的长期宿敌。
Dayton Duncan: Kit Carson followed orders.
代顿邓肯：基特卡森服从命令。
That was part of how he had gotten to where he had gotten by not questioning the society he was in and he got there by taking orders and doing a good job of carrying them out.
这就是他如何通过不质疑他所处的社会而达到他所取得的成就的一部分，他是通过接受命令并很好地执行它们而到达那里的。
When Carleton told him, go take care of the Navajo for me, he was going to go do it.
当卡尔顿告诉他，帮我照顾纳瓦霍人时，他就打算去做。
Narrator: "The Colonel is after the Indians at full speed," one of Carson's men noted, "and is determined to overtake them if horseflesh will stand it." In a typical scout, Carson pushed his men nearly 500 miles in 27 days -- capturing over a thousand head of livestock, but pitifully few Navajos.
旁白：“上校正在全速追击印第安人，”卡森的一名手下说道，“如果马匹能忍受的话，他决心追上他们。”在一次典型的侦察中，卡森带领他的部下在 27 天内走了近 500 英里，捕获了一千多头牲畜，但纳瓦霍人却少得可怜。
Hampton Sides: He goes out into Navajo country and he doesn't see a soul.
汉普顿·赛德斯：他走进纳瓦霍地区，却没有看到一个人影。
He basically thinks this is kind of like a ghost campaign against a ghost tribe.
他基本上认为这有点像针对幽灵部落的幽灵战役。
He's fighting an enemy he can't see.
他正在与一个看不见的敌人作战。
Narrator: Frustrated and eager to bring the campaign to a rapid conclusion, Carson made a fateful decision -- one that would define him for generations to come.
旁白：卡森感到沮丧，又渴望尽快结束竞选活动，他做出了一个决定性的决定——这个决定将影响他的子孙后代。
Harry Walters: He could not get the Navajos to come out in open battle.
哈里·沃尔特斯：他无法让纳瓦霍人公开战斗。
And so the thing to do is to destroy their source of strength, you know, which is the food and their homes.
所以要做的就是摧毁他们的力量源泉，你知道，那就是食物和他们的家园。
And that's what he did.
他就是这么做的。
His tactics causes great suffering.
他的策略造成了巨大的痛苦。
Hampton Sides: He ordered every cornfield to be destroyed, every melon patch, every bean patch.
汉普顿赛德斯：他下令摧毁每一块玉米地、每一片瓜田、每一片豆田。
He had his men guard the salt sources and the water sources.
他让他的手下守卫盐源和水源。
And chop down every tree.
并砍倒每一棵树。
It was brutal.
这很残酷。
This was not majestic, heroic warfare, if there is such a thing.
如果有这样的事情的话，这并不是一场雄伟的、英勇的战争。
This was a dirty little war of attrition with the express intent of starving the Navajos out.
这是一场肮脏的小消耗战，其明确目的是让纳瓦霍人挨饿。
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Scott Momaday: He knew the Indians; he had known them from an early time as a mountain man.
斯科特·莫马迪：他了解印第安人；他了解印第安人。他很早就认识他们了，还是个山里人。
He probably knew Indians better than any other white man of his time.
他可能比同时代的任何其他白人都更了解印第安人。
He knew what they would stand and how they could be brought to terms with the army.
他知道他们会坚持什么，也知道如何才能让他们与军队达成协议。
And you know he didn't hesitate I think to act on the basis of his knowledge.
你知道他毫不犹豫地根据他的知识采取行动。
Narrator: Carson later estimated that his men had destroyed nearly two million pounds of food.
旁白：卡森后来估计，他的手下已经销毁了近 200 万磅食物。
Come winter, he told Carleton, the loss "will cause actual starvation, and oblige the Navajos to ...
他告诉卡尔顿，冬天到来时，损失“将导致真正的饥饿，并迫使纳瓦霍人......
accept emigration to the Bosque Redondo."
接受移民到博斯克雷东多。”
For the moment, however, the Navajos remained maddeningly elusive.
然而，目前纳瓦霍人仍然令人抓狂地难以捉摸。
"I deplore it the more," he complained to Carleton, "as I now have only one way of communicating with them -- through the barrels of my Rifles."
“我对此更加感到遗憾，”他向卡尔顿抱怨道，“因为我现在只有一种方式与他们沟通——通过我的步枪枪管。”
Summer gave way to fall, and the campaign ground on with little result.
夏天过去了，秋天过去了，竞选活动进展缓慢，但收效甚微。
Finally, in November, on the eve of his 54th birthday, Carson requested a leave of absence, to attend to what he called "some private business of importance."
最后，在 11 月，卡森 54 岁生日前夕，请求休假，去处理他所谓的“一些重要的私人事务”。
Carleton would not hear of it.
卡尔顿不会听到这个消息。
Carson would be permitted to leave the field only after he had captured 100 Navajos; and then, only on the condition that he first conduct a thorough sweep of Canyon de Chelly, a 100-mile sandstone labyrinth in the heart of Navajo country.
卡森只有在俘虏了 100 名纳瓦霍人后才被允许离开战场；然后，条件是他必须首先对谢伊峡谷（Canyon de Chelly）进行一次彻底的扫描，这是纳瓦霍乡村中心地带长达 100 英里的砂岩迷宫。
Hampton Sides: I think Carson was a little spooked by Canyon De Chelly.
Hampton Sides：我认为卡森对谢伊峡谷感到有点害怕。
All his instincts as a mountain man had taught him to stay away from tight spots and situations where you're vulnerable, you're on the defensive.
作为山地人的所有本能都教会他远离紧张的地方和你脆弱的地方，你处于防御状态。
He really had no interest in personally going down in the canyon.
他确实没有兴趣亲自下峡谷。
He skirted around the sides of it.
他绕过它的两侧。
He scouted from the rim.
他从篮筐处侦察。
But he was more than happy to have his subordinate officers go in and get the glory of having penetrated this great bastion of the Navajo people.
但他非常高兴让他的下属军官进去并获得进入纳瓦霍人这座伟大堡垒的荣耀。
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Scott Momaday: He knows that this a powerful place and that he can violate the rules of the game there and suffer for it.
斯科特·莫马迪：他知道这是一个强大的地方，他可能会违反那里的游戏规则并因此而受苦。
We think of him as being the person who led the siege in Canyon De Chelly.
我们认为他是领导谢伊峡谷围攻行动的人。
He did it at a distance.
他是在远处做的。
Narrator: By now, the Navajos had begun to feel the effects of Carson's scorched earth campaign.
旁白：现在，纳瓦霍人已经开始感受到卡森焦土战役的影响。
Hidden in various caves and atop a towering butte known as Fortress Rock, they daily grew hungrier, colder and more desperate.
他们躲在各个洞穴里，在一座被称为“堡垒岩”的高耸山峰顶上，一天天变得更加饥饿、寒冷和绝望。
Lupita McClanahan, Resident of Canyon de Chelly: They were trying to save themselves from being killed and so they had to run and hide They ran off into the caves and were hiding.
谢伊峡谷居民露皮塔·麦克拉纳汉 (Lupita McClanahan)：他们试图自救，免遭杀害，因此不得不逃跑并躲藏起来。他们跑进洞穴并躲藏起来。
They had hiding places along the rim of the canyon.
他们在峡谷边缘设有藏身之处。
They wanted to take our lives, he wanted to end the life of the Diné people.
他们想夺走我们的生命，他想结束迪内人的生命。
Narrator: Two days after the first of his men entered the Canyon, Carson encountered a party of Navajos riding under a flag of truce.
旁白：在他的第一批人进入峡谷两天后，卡森遇到了一支打着休战旗帜的纳瓦霍人。
Hampton Sides: this is where Carson's at his best.
汉普顿赛德斯：这是卡森发挥最佳的地方。
He's able to communicate with them and reassure them that this campaign is not a war of extermination.
他能够与他们沟通并向他们保证这场运动不是一场灭绝战争。
Harry Walters: He selected ten influential men, gave them a horse and ten days ration, and told them to go home and tell them they would be treated well that if they surrendered they will not be harmed, and that works.
哈里·沃尔特斯：他挑选了十位有影响力的人物，给了他们一匹马和十天的口粮，并让他们回家并告诉他们会受到很好的对待，如果他们投降，他们不会受到伤害，这很有效。
Lupita McClanahan: There was no other way because they said, we're dying off.
露皮塔·麦克拉纳汉：没有其他办法，因为他们说，我们正在消亡。
We have to listen to this man and that we have to follow his rules, if you wanted to live.
如果你想活下去，我们就必须听这个人的话，必须遵守他的规则。
Narrator: By ten o'clock the next morning, January 15, 60 Navajos had surrendered to Carson.
旁白：1月15日第二天早上10点，60名纳瓦霍人已向卡森投降。
Soon, that number would swell to more than 800 -- and Carleton's quota would be met.
很快，这个数字就会增加到 800 多人，卡尔顿的配额也将达到。
The end was finally in sight, and Carson determined to hasten it along: "now is the time," he declared, "to prosecute the campaign with vigor."
结局终于在望，卡森决定加快进程：“现在是时候了，”他宣称，“大力开展这场运动。”
He then issued a new directive to one of his captains -- ordering him to march his company the length of the Canyon, and lay waste to the Navajo orchards.
然后，他向他的一位连长发出了一项新指令——命令他的连队穿越峡谷，毁掉纳瓦霍果园。
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Scott Momaday: There were a thousand peach trees orchards in the canyon and the Navajos had taken great pride in those trees.
斯科特·莫马迪：峡谷里有一千个桃园，纳瓦霍人对这些桃树感到非常自豪。
And they loved the fruit that was born.
他们喜欢结出的果实。
Carson ordered them burned.
卡森下令烧毁它们。
Needn't have been done, there was no real point in that.
没必要这样做，那没有什么实际意义。
It was so gratuitous, but it was in a way the last blow you know.
这是无缘无故的，但在某种程度上，这是最后的打击，你知道。
Paul Hutton: By invading Canyon de Chelly, by laying waste to it, and by making it impossible for the Navajos to remain there Carson breaks them, he breaks their spirit.
保罗·赫顿：卡森入侵谢伊峡谷，将其夷为平地，让纳瓦霍人无法留在那里，从而摧毁了他们，摧毁了他们的精神。
Lupita McClanahan: The whole canyon was silent.
露皮塔·麦克拉纳汉：整个峡谷一片寂静。
It was dead.
它死了。
There was no harmony in it anymore.
里面不再和谐了。
Maria Jakes: What kind of human beings would have the capacity to be so harmful without conscience?
玛丽亚·杰克斯：什么样的人有能力在没有良知的情况下如此有害？
He acted without mercy, killing who knows how many of us.
他毫不留情地杀害了我们当中不知道有多少人。
Narrator: If Carson felt any remorse, his final report gave no sign of it.
旁白：即使卡森感到任何悔恨，他的最终报告也没有表现出任何悔恨的迹象。
"We have shown the Indians that in no place ...
“我们已经向印度人表明，在任何地方......
are they safe from the pursuit of troops of this command ...
他们是否安全，免受该司令部部队的追击......
that the principle is not to destroy them but to save them, if they are disposed to be saved."
原则不是毁灭他们，而是拯救他们，如果他们愿意被拯救的话。”
Paul Hutton: He absolutely guarantees them that he will protect them that he will make sure that their families are taken care of.
保罗·赫顿：他绝对向他们保证，他会保护他们，他会确保他们的家人得到照顾。
This is the power of Carson, they trust his word.
这就是卡森的力量，他们相信他的话。
They believe him.
他们相信他。
He is, after all, Kit Carson.
毕竟，他是基特·卡森。
Narrator: In Santa Fe, Carson received a conqueror's welcome.
旁白：在圣达菲，卡森受到了征服者般的欢迎。
Jubilant New Mexicans accosted him in the streets, slapping him on the back and shaking his hand in congratulation.
兴高采烈的新墨西哥人在街上与他搭话，拍着他的背，并与他握手表示祝贺。
Even Carleton gushed with praise -- and declared Carson's victory the "crowning act in a long life spent fighting the savages." The Carson of fiction -- the ruthless Indian fighter who had animated dozens of blood-and-thunders -- no longer seemed quite such a caricature.
就连卡尔顿也赞不绝口，并宣称卡森的胜利是“与野蛮人战斗的漫长一生中的最高成就”。小说中的卡森——这位残酷的印度战士，曾带来数十场血与雷——似乎不再是一幅漫画。
Paul Hutton: For hundreds of years the Navajo had been a threat to the New Mexico settlements.
保罗·赫顿：数百年来，纳瓦霍人一直是新墨西哥州定居点的威胁。
He's broken them in just a matter of months, and he's ...
他在短短几个月内就打破了它们，而且他......
he's lionized, again, as a great American hero.
他再次被尊崇为伟大的美国英雄。
Narrator: The adulation meant nothing to Carson.
旁白：这种奉承对卡森来说毫无意义。
The pain in his chest was constant now, and his exhaustion so complete that one of his men had described him as "reeling in his saddle." As soon as it was possible, he made his excuses to Carleton and pointed his horse toward home.
现在，他的胸口持续疼痛，他的精疲力尽，以至于他的一名部下形容他“在马鞍上摇摇晃晃”。一旦有可能，他就向卡尔顿找借口，并牵着他的马回家。
Meanwhile, thousands of Navajos set off on the grueling trek to the Bosque Redondo -- a journey of between 375 and 500 miles, depending on the route -- most of them with nothing but the ragged clothes on their backs.
与此同时，数千名纳瓦霍人踏上了前往博斯克雷东多的艰苦跋涉——根据路线的不同，这段旅程在 375 英里到 500 英里之间——他们中的大多数人除了背上的破烂衣服外什么都没有。
What rations the army provided made many of them sick; and in any case, there was nowhere near enough food to sustain them all.
军队提供的口粮使他们中的许多人生病了；无论如何，食物根本不足以维持他们所有人的生活。
Of the nearly 9,000 who made the journey, the U.S. government estimated that 350 died en route -- most from starvation, illness or exposure -- and some 2,000 others simply went missing.
美国政府估计，在此次旅程的近 9,000 人中，有 350 人在途中死亡，其中大部分死于饥饿、疾病或暴露，另有约 2,000 人只是失踪。
The Navajos would count the missing as dead -- and put the number of casualties at more than 3,000.
纳瓦霍人将失踪者视为死亡，并估计伤亡人数超过 3,000 人。
The episode would come to be known as "the Long Walk." Those Navajos who survived would remember it as a death march -- and they would hold one man responsible.
这一集后来被称为“漫长的步行”。那些幸存下来的纳瓦霍人会记得这是一场死亡行军——他们会追究一个人的责任。
Harry Walters: He did a lot of damage to the Navajo nation.
哈里·沃尔特斯：他对纳瓦霍民族造成了很大的损害。
Every Navajo today you know has family history of someone that went on the Long Walk.
今天您认识的每个纳瓦霍人都有进行长途步行的家族史。
My grandfather, you know, was six years old when he went.
你知道，我祖父去世时才六岁。
And the stories that my grandmother and my mother used to tell you know were of great hardship and pain.
我的祖母和母亲曾经给你们讲过的故事充满了艰辛和痛苦。
And I hated Carson for that.
我因此讨厌卡森。
Paul Hutton: He abandons the Navajos on the Long Walk he deserts them.
保罗·赫顿：他在漫漫长路上抛弃了纳瓦霍人，他抛弃了他们。
Perhaps he knows what's coming and he wants to be protected from the blame.
也许他知道接下来会发生什么，并且希望受到保护，免受指责。
Perhaps he's just getting old and tired.
也许他只是变老了，累了。
But whatever the reason, Kit Carson breaks his word.
但无论出于何种原因，基特·卡森食言了。
Narrator: Over the years that followed the defeat of the Navajos -- years that would prove to be Carson's last -- the West he'd chosen as a young man increasingly came to resemble the world he'd left behind.
旁白：纳瓦霍人被击败后的这些年里——这也被证明是卡森的最后几年——他年轻时选择的西部越来越像他留下的世界。
Americans pushed their way in, built their towns and railroads; and one way or another, they pushed the Indians aside.
美国人闯入，修建了他们的城镇和铁路；不管怎样，他们把印第安人推到了一边。
Somewhat unexpectedly, the voice that was raised time and again on their behalf was Carson's.
有点出乎意料的是，一次又一次为他们响起的声音却是卡森的。
He'd spent one summer as Superintendent of the Bosque Redondo -- and as he put it to a Senate investigating committee in 1865, one summer was enough to convince him that the entire experiment had been a terrible mistake.
他在博斯克·雷东多 (Bosque Redondo) 的主管岗位上度过了一个夏天——正如他在 1865 年向参议院调查委员会所说的那样，一个夏天就足以让他相信整个实验是一个可怕的错误。
Hampton Sides: He told the commission that these forced relocations don't work.
汉普顿·赛德斯：他告诉委员会，这些强制搬迁是行不通的。
To remove a whole tribe from their ancestral lands was to doom the experiment from the start.
将整个部落从他们祖先的土地上移走就意味着实验从一开始就注定失败。
And that if these reservations were going to work at all they had to be located on the land of the people in question.
如果这些保留地要发挥作用，它们就必须位于相关人民的土地上。
So Carson emerges in this testimony as really one of the most eloquent and most perceptive of thinkers with regard to Indian policy in the West.
因此，卡森在这次证词中确实是对印度在西方的政策最雄辩、最有洞察力的思想家之一。
Narrator: Now in the twilight of his life, Carson became a sort of elder statesman of Indian affairs.
旁白：现在，在晚年，卡森成为了印度事务上的一位资深政治家。
He helped to negotiate a treaty with the Plains tribes, and advised both the military and the government on Indian policy reforms.
他帮助与平原部落谈判一项条约，并就印度政策改革向军方和政府提供建议。
And in 1868, despite chest pain so severe that he could barely breathe, he again made the long journey to the nation's capitol, where he assisted in talks that established a permanent reservation for the Utes, on the very ground the tribe claimed as their own.
1868 年，尽管胸痛严重到几乎无法呼吸，他还是再次长途跋涉前往国家国会大厦，在那里他协助谈判，在该部落声称拥有自己领土的土地上为尤特人建立了永久保留地。
Dayton Duncan: I think he felt an obligation to the Utes, a friendship to the Utes, loyalty, all those things that were part and parcel of his makeup.
代顿邓肯：我认为他对犹特人有义务，对犹特人有友谊，忠诚，所有这些都是他性格中不可分割的一部分。
And so he needed to go to Washington because he was the person who would be the one who could really represent them.
所以他需要去华盛顿，因为他才是真正能代表他们的人。
Hampton Sides: Here he is this Indian fighter known for his various campaigns.
汉普顿·赛德斯（Hampton Sides）：在这里，他是一位因参加各种战役而闻名的印度战士。
And yet he was also a peacemaker and diplomat.
但他也是一位和平缔造者和外交家。
I think the trick to understanding Carson is to go back to that idea that for him there was no such thing as the American Indian.
我认为理解卡森的秘诀是回到这样的想法：对他来说，不存在美洲印第安人这样的东西。
He sided with certain groups and other groups were his enemy throughout his life
他一生都站在某些群体一边，而其他群体则是他的敌人
Narrator: Before Carson left Washington, he paid a call on his old friend and employer, John C.
旁白：卡森离开华盛顿之前，拜访了他的老朋友兼雇主约翰·C.
Frémont.
弗里蒙特。
Distressed at the sight of his former scout, whom he later described as "greatly altered by suffering," Frémont recommended a specialist, and begged Carson to consult him.
弗里蒙特看到他的前侦察兵感到痛苦，后来他形容他“因痛苦而发生了巨大的变化”，弗里蒙特推荐了一位专家，并恳求卡森向他咨询。
The diagnosis was bleak: an aneurysm of the aorta.
诊断结果很悲观：主动脉瘤。
It could rupture, the doctor said, at any moment.
医生说，它随时都可能破裂。
"My wife must see me," Carson told Jessie Frémont.
“我的妻子必须见我，”卡森告诉杰西·弗里蒙特。
"If I was to write about this, or died out here, it would kill her.
“如果我写下这件事，或者死在这里，她就会死。
I must get home, and I think I can do it."
我必须回家，我想我能做到。”
Two days after his return, his eighth child, a daughter, was born.
他回来两天后，他的第八个孩子，一个女儿出生了。
Two weeks after that, Josefa, suffering from complications related to the birth, died in his arms.
两周后，约瑟法因产后并发症死在他怀里。
Hampton Sides: Here he thought he was going to try to get home just in time to die.
汉普顿·赛德斯：在这里，他以为自己要及时回家，等死。
And instead, she dies first and he's just completely stricken with grief.
相反，她先死了，而他完全沉浸在悲伤之中。
And pines away and is really kind of a kind of a catatonic after her death.
在她死后，她变得越来越憔悴，确实是一种紧张症。
Narrator: Carson's health deteriorated rapidly.
旁白：卡森的健康状况迅速恶化。
Soon, he was moved to a nearby military post, where his doctor kept him as comfortable as possible and spent long hours reading aloud from a book entitled Nestor of the Rockies -- the first full-fledged biography of Carson ever to have been published.
很快，他被转移到附近的一个军事哨所，在那里他的医生尽可能让他感到舒适，并花了很长时间大声朗读一本题为《落基山脉的内斯特》的书——这是有史以来出版的第一本完整的卡森传记。
Paul Hutton: How that must have been with death closing in to hear those words and to relive all those glorious days from the past.
保罗·赫顿：当死亡临近时，听到这些话并重温过去所有那些辉煌的日子，那一定是一种多么美妙的感觉。
Dayton Duncan: He wanted to be back in that old world, sleeping on a buffalo robe, having a buffalo steak, a little coffee, smoking his pipe.
代顿·邓肯：他想回到那个旧世界，穿着水牛长袍睡觉，吃水牛牛排，喝点咖啡，抽着烟斗。
And you know that's not a bad way to go.
你知道这不是一个坏方法。
In one sense, it's a mythic way of ending and another way, it's very much like the real Kit Carson, the less assuming part of him, which is he wanted to be the way he had been once.
从某种意义上说，这是一种神话般的结局方式，而另一种方式，它非常像真正的基特·卡森，他身上不那么张扬的部分，那就是他想成为他曾经的样子。
Narrator: As Carson lay on his deathbed during the waning days of May 1868, the U.S. government was in the midst of negotiating an historic treaty with the Navajos -- one that would acknowledge the hardship of their forced relocation, and return them to their land among the Four Sacred Mountains.
旁白：1868 年 5 月，当卡森弥留之际，美国政府正在与纳瓦霍人谈判一项历史性条约，该条约将承认他们被迫迁移的艰辛，并让他们返回四圣山中的土地。
But Kit Carson would not live to see their homecoming.
但基特·卡森无法活着看到他们回家。
On the afternoon of May 23, eight days before the Navajo treaty was signed, he called out suddenly from his pallet of buffalo robes on the floor: "Doctor, Compadre, Adios." There was a rush of blood from his mouth.
5月23日下午，距离纳瓦霍条约签署还有八天，他突然从地板上的水牛长袍托盘上喊道：“医生，康帕德，再见。”他的嘴里涌出一股鲜血。
And then he was gone.
然后他就走了。
Dayton Duncan: Kit Carson never really questioned what might have been going on in the West.
代顿·邓肯：基特·卡森从未真正质疑过西部可能发生的事情。
He accepted those things.
他接受了那些事情。
That was just the way the world was.
世界就是这样。
And he brought into it no sentimentality, no myth of what was going on.
他没有带入多愁善感，也没有对正在发生的事情产生神话。
He was living in that moment.
他就活在那个时刻。
And it was just pretty straightforward for him.
这对他来说非常简单。
N.
N。
Scott Momaday: He was a complicated man, turning upon himself in certain ways, this confliction between compassion on the one hand and very violent behavior on the other.
斯科特·莫马迪：他是一个复杂的人，在某些方面自欺欺人，一方面是同情心，另一方面是非常暴力的行为之间的冲突。
How to reconcile those ...
如何协调这些...
maybe we need to remember that in him those things were never reconciled.
也许我们需要记住，在他身上，这些东西从未得到调和。
John Carson: : Maybe one of Kit's quotes would...would fit best here, he said, I don't ...
约翰·卡森：也许基特的一句话……最适合这里，他说，我不……
something to the effect that, I don't know if I did right or if I did wrong, but I did the best that I could.
大意是，我不知道我做对了还是错了，但我已经尽力了。
Paul Hutton: He dies at just the right time.
保罗·赫顿：他死的正是时候。
Kit Carson had no place in the new west, not the west of railroads, not the west of the slaughter of the buffalo herds, not the west of the Indians' last stand.
基特·卡森在新西部没有立足之地，铁路的西部，水牛群被屠杀的西部，印第安人最后一站的西部都没有立足之地。
The new west was not a place he would have been happy in, but he's the man who created it.
新西部不是一个他会高兴的地方，但他是创造它的人。
He was that agent of empire that made everything possible that was to follow.
他是帝国的代理人，让接下来的一切成为可能。
The life of Kit Carson embodies the contradictions in the story of the American West.
基特·卡森的一生体现了美国西部故事中的矛盾。