Andrew Carnegie: The Richest Man in the World
Narrator: For 700 years Scottish Bishops and Lords had reigned over Skibo Castle.
旁白：苏格兰主教和上议院统治斯基博城堡已有 700 年之久。
In 1899 it passed to an American who had fled Scotland penniless.
1899 年，它落到了一位身无分文逃离苏格兰的美国人手中。
To Andrew Carnegie Skibo was "heaven on earth." "If Heaven is more beautiful than this," he joked, "someone has made a mistake." When Carnegie left Scotland at age 12, he was living with his family in one cramped room.
对于安德鲁·卡内基来说，斯基博是“人间天堂”。 “如果天堂比这更美丽，”他开玩笑说，“那就有人犯了错误。”当卡内基 12 岁时离开苏格兰时，他和家人住在一间狭小的房间里。
He returned to 40,000 acres.
他又回到了四万英亩土地。
And he wasn't yet the richest man in the world.
而且他还不是世界首富。
Andrew Carnegie's life seemed touched by magic.
安德鲁·卡内基的生活似乎被魔法所触动。
Owen Dudley Edwards, Historian: Carnegie was more than most people.
历史学家欧文·达德利·爱德华兹：卡内基比大多数人都更伟大。
Not only more wealthy, not only more optimistic.
不仅更加富有，不仅更加乐观。
In his case it goes almost to the point of unreality.
就他而言，这几乎达到了不现实的地步。
Carnegie is still right throughout his life, the little boy in the fairy story, for whom everything has to be alright.
卡内基一生都是对的，童话故事里的小男孩，一切都会好起来的。
Narrator: Carnegie was a legendary figure in his own time.
旁白：卡内基在他那个时代是一位传奇人物。
A nineteenth century icon.
十九世纪的偶像。
He embodied the American dream - the immigrant who made it from rags to riches.
他体现了美国梦——白手起家的移民。
Whose schoolhouse was the library.
谁的校舍是图书馆。
The democratic American whose house guests included Mark Twain, Booker T.
这位民主的美国人，其家中客人包括马克·吐温、布克·T.
Washington, Helen Keller, Rockefellers and royalty and the ordinary folks from his childhood.
华盛顿、海伦·凯勒、洛克菲勒家族、皇室成员以及童年时期的普通百姓。
He would entertain them all together.
他会一起招待他们所有人。
Although he loved Scotland, he prized America as a land free from Britain's monarchy -- and inherited privilege.
尽管他热爱苏格兰，但他珍视美国作为一块不受英国君主制束缚的土地，并继承了特权。
After King Edward VII visited Skibo, Carnegie told a friend all Americans are kings.
爱德华七世国王访问斯基博后，卡内基告诉一位朋友，所有美国人都是国王。
But everyone knew there was only one king of steel.
但谁都知道，钢铁之王只有一位。
Harold Livesay, Historian: He set out literally to conquer the world of steel, and that he did and became the largest steel producer not only in the United States, but Carnegie Steel by 1900 produced more steel than the entire steel industry of Great Britain.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛 (Harold Livesay)：他真正开始征服钢铁世界，他做到了，不仅成为美国最大的钢铁生产商，而且到 1900 年卡内基钢铁公司生产的钢铁数量比整个英国钢铁工业的产量还要多。
Narrator: Carnegie was fond of saying "The man who dies rich dies disgraced." He made his fortune and then, unlike any industrialist of his time, began systematically to give it away.
旁白：卡内基喜欢说“人死时富有，死时不光彩”。他创造了自己的财富，然后与同时代的任何实业家不同，他开始有系统地捐出财富。
He was most famous as a benefactor of libraries, almost 3,000 around the world.
他最著名的身份是图书馆的捐助者，全世界有近 3,000 所图书馆。
He gave millions to support education, a pension plan for teachers and the cause of world peace.
他捐赠了数百万美元来支持教育、教师养老金计划和世界和平事业。
Carnegie wrote of the obligations of the wealthy -- how they should return their money to the societies where they made it.
卡内基写到了富人的义务——他们应该如何将钱返还给他们创造财富的社会。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Biographer: But then almost inadvertently, Carnegie as a kind of aside, tosses in a very revealing sentence.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），传记作者：但随后，卡内基几乎不经意地以旁白的身份抛出了一句非常有启发性的句子。
He wrote, "and besides it provides a refuge from self-questioning." In other words, this this old internal and eternal torment was still going on.
他写道，“此外，它还提供了一个避免自我质疑的避难所。”换句话说，这种古老的、内在的、永恒的折磨仍在继续。
Maybe with the giving away of his money he would justify what he had done to get that money.
也许通过捐出他的钱，他会证明他为得到这笔钱所做的事情是合理的。
Narrator: Carnegie presided over one of the darkest chapters in American labor history.
旁白：卡内基主持了美国劳工史上最黑暗的篇章之一。
He always saw himself as a friend of the working man.
他始终将自己视为工人的朋友。
But the lives of his workers were not fairy tales where everything turns out alright.
但他的工人们的生活并不是一切顺利的童话故事。
Harold Livesay, Historian: By the standards of his time, he was less ruthless than many of his contemporaries, but certainly by the standards of ethics and conduct to which we would like to hold businessmen today, he indeed operated extremely ruthlessly.
历史学家哈罗德·利弗赛 (Harold Livesay)：按照他那个时代的标准，他没有许多同时代人那么无情，但按照我们今天要求商人遵守的道德和行为标准，他的行为确实极其无情。
Narrator: That was not how Carnegie's daughter Margaret remembered her father.
旁白：卡内基的女儿玛格丽特并不是这样回忆她的父亲的。
At least in public.
至少在公共场合是这样。
Margaret Carnegie Miller, Carnegie's Daughter: My father was a kindly, friendly man.
玛格丽特·卡内基·米勒，卡内基的女儿：我的父亲是一个善良、友善的人。
He always wanted to be remembered as one who loved his fellow men.
他一直希望人们记住他是一位热爱同胞的人。
He was a great optimist Incurably so.
他是一位伟大的乐观主义者，这一点无可救药。
"All is well since all grows better." That was his motto.
“一切都很好，因为一切都变得更好了。”这是他的座右铭。
He lived by it and believed in it firmly.
他以此为生，并坚信这一点。
Narrator: The private thoughts of Carnegie's daughter were harsher.
旁白：卡内基女儿的私下想法更加严厉。
"Tell his life like it was," she urged her father's biographer.
“如实讲述他的生活，”她敦促她父亲的传记作者。
"I'm sick of the Santa Claus stuff." Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, the medieval capital of Scotland, in 1835.
“我厌倦了圣诞老人的事。”卡内基 1835 年出生于苏格兰中世纪首府邓弗姆林。
The town prospered as the center of a growing linen industry.
该镇作为不断发展的亚麻工业中心而繁荣发展。
Its highly skilled weavers were considered the aristocrats of craftsmen - though not the equal of shopkeepers on The High Street.
技艺高超的织工被认为是工匠中的贵族——尽管无法与大街上的店主相提并论。
Carnegie could remember the time before the Industrial Revolution forced the weavers from their homes.
卡内基还记得工业革命迫使织布工离开家园之前的那段时光。
And forged the course of his life.
并奠定了他的人生轨迹。
Young Andrew fully expected to be a weaver like his father Will.
年轻的安德鲁完全希望能像他的父亲威尔一样成为一名织布工。
He lived in a humble cottage at the foot of town, down the hill from The High Street.
他住在镇脚下一座简陋的小屋里，位于高街的山下。
His father kept his hand looms at home.
他的父亲把他的手织机留在家里。
When Andrew was a little boy, Will's linens were in demand -- and he owned four looms.
当安德鲁还是个小男孩时，威尔的亚麻布很受欢迎，而他拥有四台织布机。
Andrew would sit at his father's feet mesmerized by the rhythmic sounds of the shuttle and the foot pedals.
安德鲁坐在他父亲的脚边，被航天飞机和脚踏板有节奏的声音迷住了。
But the Industrial Revolution changed that.
但工业革命改变了这一点。
The steam powered looms that came to Dunfermline in 1847 put hundreds of hand loom weavers out of work.
1847 年，蒸汽动力织机来到邓弗姆林，导致数百名手织机织工失业。
As Will Carnegie began to sell his looms one by one, Andrew's mother Margaret held the family together.
当威尔·卡内基开始一台一台地出售他的织布机时，安德鲁的母亲玛格丽特将一家人团结在一起。
Molly Rorke, Dunfermline Heritage Guide: She opened a small shop in the front room of their cottage where she kept a kind of grocery shop.
莫莉·罗克 (Molly Rorke)，邓弗姆林遗产指南：她在小屋的前室开了一家小商店，在那里开了一家杂货店。
And she worked all the hours that God gave her mending shoes in order to keep the family in food, in respectability and in clean collars which was very important to her.
她在上帝给她补鞋的所有时间里都在工作，以便让家人有饭吃、受人尊敬、衣领干净，这对她来说非常重要。
Owen Dudley Edwards, Historian: She wants to achieve affluence and she wants to be regarded as the equal of anyone she chooses.
历史学家欧文·达德利·爱德华兹：她想要获得富裕，并且希望被视为与她选择的任何人平等。
And the dwindling of the family income, bit by bit as the industrial revolution ate up the Carnegie sources of income, and the selling of the bases of their wealth, was a business of slow, growing shame for Margaret Carnegie.
随着工业革命吞噬了卡内基的收入来源，家庭收入逐渐减少，并出售了他们的财富基础，这对玛格丽特·卡内基来说是一件缓慢且日益增长的耻辱。
The boy would have been extremely conscious of this.
男孩一定非常清楚这一点。
Narrator: Andrew would feel the pressure of his mother's shame as well as the preference she showed his younger brother Tom.
旁白：安德鲁会感受到母亲羞耻的压力，以及她对弟弟汤姆的偏爱。
The boys lived in one room with their mother and father.
男孩们和父母住在一间房间里。
Margaret provided for them in that bitter winter of 1848 -- when hundreds of their neighbors went to bed early to forget the misery of hunger.
1848 年那个严冬，玛格丽特为他们提供了食物——当时数百名邻居早早上床睡觉，以忘记饥饿的痛苦。
"I began to learn what poverty meant," Andrew would later write.
“我开始了解贫困意味着什么，”安德鲁后来写道。
"Dreadful days came when my father took the last of his webs to the great manufacturers -- and I saw my mother anxiously awaiting his return.
“可怕的日子到来了，我的父亲把他最后的一张网交给了伟大的制造商——我看到我的母亲焦急地等待着他的归来。
"It was burnt into my heart then that my father had to beg (for work).
“当时，我的父亲不得不乞讨（工作），这件事深深烙印在我的心里。
And then and there came the resolve that I would cure that when I got to be a man." Andrew learned frugality from his mother -- and took the lesson to school.
然后我就下定决心，当我成为一个男人时，我要解决这个问题。”安德鲁从他的母亲那里学到了节俭——并将这一教训带到了学校。
One day his teacher asked her pupils to recite a proverb from the Bible.
有一天，他的老师要求她的学生背诵圣经中的一句谚语。
Molly Rorke, Dunfermline Heritage Guide: What Andrew said and gave as a proverb was what his mother had told him -- "look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves." The school dissolved in giggles.
莫莉·罗克（Molly Rorke），邓弗姆林遗产指南：安德鲁所说和给出的谚语是他母亲告诉他的——“照顾好便士，英镑就会照顾好自己。”学校里一片笑声。
The master glared.
大师怒目而视。
The poor little boy didn't know what he'd said wrong he was only quoting his mother who was the center of his existence.
这个可怜的小男孩不知道自己说错了什么，他只是引用了他母亲的话，而母亲是他存在的中心。
And he never forgot it.
他永远不会忘记这一点。
Narrator: Andrew lived in the shadow of the Abbey Church, the old religious center of Scotland.
旁白：安德鲁生活在苏格兰古老的宗教中心修道院教堂的阴影下。
His family spurned the church -- but enjoyed walking the Abbey grounds.
他的家人拒绝去教堂，但喜欢在修道院的庭院里散步。
One of his earliest memories was their struggle to gain access to the historic ruins in Pittencrieff Glen, next to the Abbey.
他最早的记忆之一是他们为进入修道院旁边的皮滕克里夫峡谷的历史遗迹而奋斗。
His grandfather Tom Morrison and his uncle Tom Jr. led the campaign against the Laird of Pittencrieff.
他的祖父汤姆·莫里森和叔叔小汤姆领导了反对皮滕克里夫领主的运动。
They -- and Andrew's father -- were political radicals who wanted to abolish the monarchy and do away with inherited privilege.
他们——以及安德鲁的父亲——都是政治激进分子，想要废除君主制并废除继承的特权。
The sort of privilege the Laird of Pittencrief enjoyed.
皮滕克里夫领主享有的那种特权。
From the Abbey grounds Andrew could peek into his 60 acre private park which was "as near to paradise" as anything he could imagine.
从修道院场地，安德鲁可以看到他占地 60 英亩的私人公园，这是他能想象到的“最接近天堂”的地方。
The court ordered the Laird to open the gates for one day a year.
法院命令领主每年开放城门一天。
Then children could explore the wonders of the glen.
然后孩子们就可以探索峡谷的奇观。
But Andrew never could.
但安德鲁永远不能。
Everyone in town was welcome -- except the relatives of his radical grandfather, Tom Morrison.
镇上的每个人都受到欢迎——除了他激进的祖父汤姆·莫里森的亲戚。
The Laird of Pittencrieff banished his entire family in revenge.
皮滕克里夫领主为了报复而放逐了他的全家。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Carnegie was always torn between two great influences of his childhood.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：卡内基总是在童年时期的两大影响之间左右为难。
There was his father and his maternal grandfather who represented to Carnegie, the true idealism of democracy, of the rights of the people but there was also the dominating force of his mother: aggressive, materialistic, determined to get to the top.
在卡内基看来，他的父亲和外祖父代表着民主、人民权利的真正理想主义，但他母亲的主导力量也很大：进取、物质至上、决心登上顶峰。
And so throughout Carnegie's life and this is what gives it interest is this internal tension between preserving the idealism of his forebears but determined to get to the top.
因此，在卡内基的一生中，令人感兴趣的是这种内在的张力，即保留其祖先的理想主义，但决心登上顶峰。
Narrator: For Andrew's mother getting to the top meant moving up the hill to the High Street, where the respectable shopkeepers lived, like George Lauder who had married her sister.
旁白：对于安德鲁的母亲来说，登上山顶意味着搬到山上的高街，那里住着受人尊敬的店主，比如娶了她姐姐的乔治·兰黛。
But after the disastrous winter, that was impossible.
但在经历了灾难性的冬天之后，这是不可能的。
She organized the family to move -- not to the High Street but to Pittsburgh where two other sisters lived.
她组织全家搬家——不是搬到大街，而是搬到另外两个姐妹居住的匹兹堡。
She auctioned the household belongings.
她拍卖了家里的物品。
She auctioned the remaining loom which brought almost nothing.
她拍卖了剩下的织布机，几乎什么也没带来。
She had to borrow the last 20 pounds for the passage to America.
她不得不借最后20英镑来支付去美国的旅费。
Like many of the nearly 190,000 who left Britain for America in 1848, the Carnegies left in shame.
与 1848 年离开英国前往美国的近 19 万人中的许多人一样，卡内基夫妇带着耻辱离开了。
Andrew, aged 12, was determined that in the new world he would heal the wounds of his father's defeat in the old.
12 岁的安德鲁决心在新世界里治愈他父亲在旧世界中失败的创伤。
When the Carnegies arrived in Pittsburgh, they found an iron-manufacturing center enveloped by slimy rivers -- and befouled by smoke.
当卡内基夫妇抵达匹兹堡时，他们发现一个钢铁制造中心被泥泞的河流所包围，并被烟雾所污染。
They had fled poverty and despair in a romantic Scottish town only to find in Pittsburgh the same poverty and despair amid squalor.
他们逃离了浪漫的苏格兰小镇的贫困和绝望，却在匹兹堡发现了同样的贫困和绝望和肮脏。
They settled in a neighborhood called Slabtown where Margaret's sister rented them two small rooms in her house on Rebecca Street.
他们定居在一个叫Slabtown的社区，玛格丽特的姐姐在丽贝卡街的房子里给他们租了两个小房间。
Like many immigrant children, Andrew, after only five years of schooling, went to work.
和许多移民儿童一样，安德鲁只接受了五年的学校教育，就开始工作。
At age 13 he stoked boilers in a textile factory 12 hours a day.
13 岁时，他每天在一家纺织厂给锅炉加煤 12 个小时。
The job gave him nightmares.
这份工作让他做了噩梦。
He would bolt up in bed seeing the steam gauges falling too low to provide power or rising so high he feared the boiler would explode.
当他看到蒸汽表降得太低而无法提供电力或升得太高时，他会从床上跳起来，担心锅炉会爆炸。
He could not wait to escape the world of furnaces.
他迫不及待地想逃离熔炉世界。
His chance came with an innovation that was transforming America -- the first instantaneous long distance communication.
他的机会来自于一项正在改变美国的创新——第一个即时长途通信。
In 1849 Carnegie entered the world of what he called "tamed lightning" as a messenger boy in a telegraph office -- determined to get to the top.
1849 年，卡内基进入了他所谓的“驯服闪电”的世界，成为一名电报局的报童，决心登上顶峰。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: One of the first things he did was to memorize every street in downtown Pittsburgh.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：他做的第一件事就是记住匹兹堡市中心的每条街道。
Once he had delivered a telegram to a particularly important business man, he never forgot that face.
有一次他给一位特别重要的商人发了一封电报，他就永远不会忘记那张脸。
So that when he would see that individual on the street he would say "Good morning, Mr. So and so." Harold Livesay, Historian: It's an opportunity for him to ingratiate himself.
因此，当他在街上看到那个人时，他会说“早上好，某某先生”。 Harold Livesay，历史学家：这是他讨好自己的机会。
But also he's in and out of the Pittsburgh businesses, he's privy to the information that they're transmitting.
但他也进出匹兹堡的企业，他了解他们正在传输的信息。
He learns who the important people are in Pittsburgh business.
他了解到匹兹堡商界的重要人物是谁。
He knows what kind of people they are.
他知道他们是什么样的人。
He learns about their credit rating.
他了解他们的信用评级。
He learns about their reputations.
他了解了他们的声誉。
And this is typical of his ability to seize on the moment to seize the opportunity.
而这正是他典型的抓住时机、抓住机遇的能力。
Narrator: One spring evening, Andrew was downriver dispatching messages by steamboat when he met his father, headed down the Ohio to Cincinnati to sell his tablecloths.
旁白：春天的一个晚上，安德鲁乘汽船向下游发送消息，这时他遇到了他的父亲，他的父亲沿着俄亥俄河前往辛辛那提出售他的桌布。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: To his surprise he saw on deck his father with his package of hand loom weaving, too poor even to buy an inside cabin on a cold night.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：令他惊讶的是，他在甲板上看到他的父亲带着他的手织机编织包，他穷得连在寒冷的夜晚都买不起一间内舱。
And there was this stark contrast; the young boy still in his teens, the success, his father, the failure in America.
形成了鲜明的对比；十几岁的小男孩，成功，他的父亲，在美国的失败。
The father grabbed Andrew's hand and said in a broken voice, "Andrew, I'm proud of you." And Andrew simply took this as a compliment not seeing the kind of despair in his father's eyes about his own failure.
父亲抓住安德鲁的手，用破碎的声音说：“安德鲁，我为你感到骄傲。”安德鲁只是把这当作一种恭维，没有看到父亲眼中对自己失败的绝望。
Narrator: After seven years in America, Will Carnegie died at age 51, a broken man, a victim of the Industrial Revolution.
旁白：在美国呆了七年后，威尔·卡内基去世，享年 51 岁，他是一个心碎的人，是工业革命的受害者。
Andrew's career was just beginning.
安德鲁的职业生涯才刚刚开始。
He took a job on America's leading railroad, the Pennsylvania.
他在美国领先的宾夕法尼亚铁路公司找到了一份工作。
And he found a father figure who would be the most important influence on his young adult life.
他找到了一位对他年轻的成年生活产生最重要影响的父亲形象。
Thomas A.
托马斯·A.
Scott, superintendent of the railroad's Western division.
斯科特，铁路西部部门的负责人。
Hugh Davids Scott Greenway, Scott's Great Great Grandson: Scott was in and out of the telegraph office all the time and Carnegie came to his attention as a bright, young, cheerful guy, and I think Scott saw something of himself in the younger man.
休·戴维斯·斯科特·格林威，斯科特的曾曾孙：斯科特一直在电报局进出，卡内基引起了他的注意，他是一个聪明、年轻、开朗的人，我认为斯科特在这个年轻人身上看到了自己的影子。
They both started off very poor and were ambitious and working their way up.
他们出身都很穷，但都雄心勃勃，通过努力奋斗。
And Scott began to call him, "my boy Andy." And when he got the chance he hired Andrew to be his own telegrapher and assistant at the princely sum of $35 a month.
斯科特开始称他为“我的孩子安迪”。当他有机会时，他以每月 35 美元的天价聘请安德鲁担任自己的电报员和助理。
Narrator: Carnegie got a $10 raise and a chance to ride the railroad.
旁白：卡内基加薪了 10 美元，并有机会乘坐铁路。
For a 17 year old it was irresistible.
对于一个17岁的年轻人来说，这是不可抗拒的。
He preferred to ride with the engineer.
他更喜欢和工程师一起骑行。
And he adored his new boss, Tom Scott.
他很喜欢他的新老板汤姆·斯科特。
"All the hero worship that is inherent in youth," he would write, "I showered upon him." With Scott's help, Carnegie began to learn the complexities of railroads -- which had become America's biggest businesses.
“所有年轻人固有的英雄崇拜，”他写道，“我倾注在他身上。”在斯科特的帮助下，卡内基开始了解铁路的复杂性——铁路已成为美国最大的企业。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: One day, he came home to find his mother weeping, which was very unusual she was a tough, hard woman who had essentially kept the family together.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：有一天，他回到家，发现母亲在哭泣，这很不寻常，她是一位坚韧、坚强的女人，是她让这个家庭团结在一起。
He said, "Never mind mother, I'll take care of you.
他说：“妈妈，你不用担心，我会照顾你的。”
And someday we'll ride in a coach." She said, "What good would that do if the people in Dunfermline can't see us riding in a coach?" That became his goal, to be rich enough to take his mother back and for them to ride together in a coach through the streets of Dunfermline.
有一天，我们会乘坐马车。”她说，“如果邓弗姆林的人们看不到我们乘坐马车，那有什么好处呢？”这成了他的目标，要足够富有，可以带他的母亲回来，让他们一起乘坐马车穿过邓弗姆林的街道。
Narrator: Soon Andrew was able to buy a house at the edge of Pittsburgh away from the smoke and grime.
旁白：很快安德鲁就在匹兹堡边缘买了一栋房子，远离烟雾和污垢。
Margaret would hire a servant.
玛格丽特会雇用一名仆人。
While Tom finished school, Andrew was pushing ahead.
当汤姆完成学业时，安德鲁正在努力前进。
Harold Livesay, Historian: One day Scott was gone and Carnegie was in the office.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛 (Harold Livesay)：有一天，斯科特走了，卡内基在办公室。
A message arrived about a wreck.
收到一条关于沉船事故的消息。
The line is blocked, the trains have stopped moving and Carnegie steps in and takes charge although he doesn't have a specific authority to do this, he assumes the authority.
线路被封锁，火车停止行驶，卡内基介入并负责，尽管他没有具体的权力这样做，但他承担了权力。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Carnegie sent out the messages, telling the men what to do about the wreck, get the trains moving again, signed them all TAS, Thomas A.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：卡内基发出了信息，告诉人们如何处理残骸，让火车重新开动，并在所有人员上签署 TAS，托马斯·A·沃尔（Thomas A. Wall）。
Scott.
斯科特.
He said to himself "my boy, this is death or Westminster Abbey." Harold Livesay, Historian: When Scott returned he assessed the situation.
他对自己说：“我的孩子，这就是死亡或威斯敏斯特教堂。”哈罗德·利夫赛（Harold Livesay），历史学家：斯科特回来后，他评估了局势。
He saw what had happened and what Carnegie had done and he glowered at Carnegie and said nothing and Andy feared for a time that perhaps he had done wrong, but a story got back to him that Scott had told an associate, "let me tell you what that little white haired Scots devil of mine did." Narrator: Faced with another wreck, Carnegie wired boldly "Burn the cars." Scott was amazed, but burning cars became standard procedure following wrecks to cut delays and cut down costs.
他看到了发生的事情和卡内基所做的事情，他怒视着卡内基，什么也没说，安迪一度担心他可能做错了，但他想起了一个故事，斯科特告诉一个同事，“让我告诉你我的那个白发苏格兰小魔鬼做了什么。”旁白：面对另一起事故，卡内基大胆地发出“烧毁汽车”的信号。斯科特感到很惊讶，但焚烧汽车已成为事故发生后的标准程序，以减少延误并降低成本。
Carnegie worked with Scott to develop bigger cars, bigger locomotives, longer trains to carry bigger loads.
卡内基与斯科特合作开发了更大的汽车、更大的机车、更长的火车以承载更大的负载。
All to cut costs.
一切都是为了削减成本。
They were the first to keep telegraph stations open around the clock.
他们是第一个让电报站全天候开放的人。
The first to keep trains moving 24 hours a day.
第一个让火车全天 24 小时运行的国家。
Carnegie learned from Scott what made the Pennsylvania Railroad a model to the world: cut costs -- by running 'em fast and running 'em full.
卡内基从斯科特那里学到了宾夕法尼亚铁路成为世界典范的秘诀：通过快速运行和满载运行来降低成本。
Cut costs by cutting wages.
通过削减工资来削减成本。
By demanding 13-hour days.
要求每天工作 13 小时。
By avoiding strikes -- like the ones the freight men called in the winter of 1856.
通过避免罢工——就像 1856 年冬天货运工人召集的罢工一样。
When a worker informed Carnegie that maintenance men also threatened to strike, Carnegie gave Scott a list of those involved whom Scott promptly fired.
当一名工人告诉卡内基，维修人员也威胁要罢工时，卡内基给了斯科特一份参与人员的名单，斯科特立即解雇了这些人。
Young Andy would not forget the value of spies -- nor Scott the value of his boy Andy.
年轻的安迪不会忘记间谍的价值，斯科特也不会忘记他的儿子安迪的价值。
As the railroad expanded West, Scott taught Andy how they, too, in an era of unregulated business, could make a profit along the tracks.
随着铁路向西扩展，斯科特也教安迪，在一个商业不受监管的时代，他们如何能够沿着铁轨盈利。
Together they invested in Theodore Woodruff's new sleeping cars -- which Scott bought for the Pennsylvania Railroad.
他们共同投资了西奥多·伍德拉夫的新型卧铺车厢——斯科特为宾夕法尼亚铁路购买了该车厢。
Carnegie's $217 investment soon paid $5,000 a year.
卡内基 217 美元的投资很快就获得了每年 5,000 美元的回报。
Woodruff, shunted aside, went bankrupt.
伍德拉夫被抛到一边，破产了。
Carnegie foresaw the need for iron bridges to replace wooden ones and formed a company to make them.
卡内基预见到需要用铁桥取代木桥，并成立了一家公司来制造铁桥。
He held Scott's shares in his name while railroad president J.
他以自己的名义持有斯科特的股份，而铁路总裁 J.
Edgar Thomson put his in his wife's name to avoid the perception of conflict as they bought their own iron bridges for the Pennsylvania Railroad.
埃德加·汤姆森（Edgar Thomson）将自己的铁桥放在妻子的名下，以避免在他们为宾夕法尼亚铁路购买自己的铁桥时产生冲突的感觉。
To make the iron for the bridges that Scott would buy for the Pennsylvania Railroad, Carnegie followed his brother Tom into the iron business.
为了制造斯科特为宾夕法尼亚铁路购买的桥梁用铁，卡内基跟随他的兄弟汤姆进入了钢铁行业。
Carnegie's investments along the tracks became so profitable that a salary of $2,400 a year from the railroad represented a mere 5% of his income.
卡内基在铁路沿线的投资变得如此有利可图，以至于铁路公司每年 2,400 美元的工资仅占他收入的 5%。
In 1865 he left the Pennsylvania Railroad to pursue his other ventures.
1865 年，他离开宾夕法尼亚铁路去追求其他事业。
He could rejoice in the 12 years that had passed since Thomas Scott first called him "My Boy Andy." Along with his mother Margaret, Andrew, still a bachelor, moved to New York.
自从托马斯·斯科特第一次称他为“我的男孩安迪”以来，已经过去了 12 年，他可以为此感到高兴。仍是单身汉的安德鲁与母亲玛格丽特一起搬到了纽约。
They took a suite at the St. Nicholas, New York's most fashionable hotel.
他们在纽约最时尚的酒店圣尼古拉斯酒店订了一间套房。
Margaret could now wallow in luxury and banish the memories of immigrating in steerage, of stitching shoes by candlelight down a muddy alley in Slabtown.
玛格丽特现在可以沉浸在奢华之中，忘掉在统舱里移民的记忆，以及在斯拉布镇泥泞小巷里烛光下缝鞋的记忆。
Her boy was now a wealthy man -- but dissatisfied.
她的儿子现在是一个富有的人——但并不满足。
At age 33 Andrew took stock of his life.
33 岁时，安德鲁审视了自己的生活。
He wrote himself a letter vowing to work for only two more years, to educate himself, and then to devote his life to "benevolent purposes." Simply making more money, he wrote, "must degrade me beyond hope of permanent recovery."
他给自己写了一封信，发誓再工作两年，接受教育，然后将一生奉献给“慈善事业”。他写道，仅仅赚更多的钱“必定会让我失去永久康复的希望。”
Owen Dudley Edwards, Historian: It was a very curious type of spirituality, and it reflects the voices of his father, who spoke of the religion of altruism.
历史学家欧文·达德利·爱德华兹：这是一种非常奇怪的灵性类型，它反映了他父亲谈到利他主义宗教的声音。
Or the voice of his uncle who spoke of an egalitarian political society.
或者是他叔叔谈到平等政治社会的声音。
And the voice of his grandfather who agitated so strongly against the aristocracy.
还有他祖父强烈反对贵族的声音。
All of these ghosts are urging Andrew Carnegie onward.
所有这些幽灵都在敦促安德鲁·卡内基继续前进。
Narrator: Carnegie had moved to New York at the beginning of the Gilded Age -- marked by the fortunes of an emerging industrial elite.
旁白：卡内基在镀金时代开始时搬到了纽约——以新兴工业精英的财富为标志。
He may have found the pursuit of wealth "degrading," but to others it was a natural expression of progress.
他可能认为追求财富是“有辱人格的”，但对其他人来说，这是进步的自然表现。
English philosopher Herbert Spencer was gaining popularity justifying "the survival of the fittest" in this free market jungle.
英国哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞（Herbert Spencer）在这个自由市场丛林中为“适者生存”辩护而受到欢迎。
As for the poor, Spencer felt nature meant to cast them aside.
至于穷人，斯宾塞觉得大自然注定要抛弃他们。
Carnegie encountered these ideas in New York's literary salons as he prepared for a life of good works.
卡内基在纽约的文学沙龙中遇到了这些想法，当时他正在为美好的作品生活做准备。
"Light came in as a flood," he wrote, "and all was clear." He reduced 30 volumes of Spencer's writings to what became his motto "All is well since all grows better." And the simple phrase "upward and onward." His self doubts seemed to vanish.
“光明如洪水般涌入，”他写道，“一切都清晰了。”他将斯宾塞的 30 卷著作精简为他的座右铭：“一切都变得更好，一切都好”。还有简单的短语“向上、向前”。他的自我怀疑似乎消失了。
Owen Dudley Edwards, Historian: Spencer told him that it was a scientific fact that somebody like him should be getting to the top.
历史学家欧文·达德利·爱德华兹：斯宾塞告诉他，像他这样的人应该登上顶峰，这是一个科学事实。
That there was nothing unnatural about it, wrong about it, evil about it.
这没有什么不自然的、错误的、邪恶的。
From that point of view it's clear that the ghosts of his family's egalitarian origins.
从这个角度来看，很明显，他的家族的平等主义起源的幽灵。
Spencer seems to be helping him to clear that away.
斯宾塞似乎正在帮助他清除这一点。
So he's very grateful to Spencer, Spencer in a sense puts ghosts to flight.
所以他非常感谢Spencer，Spencer在某种意义上可以驱鬼。
Narrator: By 1872 Carnegie had worked two years beyond what he said he would in his letter to himself.
旁白：到 1872 年，卡内基已经比他在给自己的信中所说的工作时间多了两年。
What he saw in England that summer would make him work 30 years more.
那年夏天他在英格兰所看到的一切让他又工作了 30 年。
For centuries craftsmen had been able to purify small batches of iron, which is brittle, into steel, which can be shaped.
几个世纪以来，工匠们一直能够将小批量易碎的铁提炼成可以成型的钢。
Now industrialist Henry Bessemer's pear shaped furnace could convert large batches of iron into steel.
现在实业家亨利·贝塞默的梨形炉可以将大批量的铁转变成钢。
Carnegie saw British iron mills expanding as steel plants.
卡内基看到英国钢铁厂不断扩张为钢铁厂。
He knew the age of iron was over.
他知道钢铁时代已经结束了。
He committed his own money and borrowed heavily for a new steel plant at Braddock, near Pittsburgh, and began to haul Bessemer convertors to the site.
他自掏腰包并借了巨额资金，在匹兹堡附近的布拉多克建造了一家新钢铁厂，并开始将贝塞默转炉运到现场。
That was when he got a desperate call from his old mentor, Tom Scott.
就在那时，他接到了他的老导师汤姆·斯科特打来的绝望电话。
Wall Street was in a panic, and Scott's risky investments in a Texas railroad had gone sour.
华尔街陷入恐慌，斯科特对德克萨斯州铁路的高风险投资也出现了问题。
Hugh Davids Scott Greenway, Scott's Great Great Grandson: Carnegie was extremely successful.
休·戴维斯·斯科特·格林威，斯科特的曾曾孙：卡内基非常成功。
And Scott felt that his old protege would be able to help him out.
斯科特觉得他的老门生能够帮助他摆脱困境。
So he arranged a meeting in Philadelphia, went down thinking that here he had, he and Carnegie had been in business together for 20 years, and that Scott had given Carnegie his first loan to start out, had backed him in virtually all his endeavors, and in fact Scott's greater prestige when Andy was just starting out, in effect, underwrote Carnegie's ambitions when he was a young man.
于是，他在费城安排了一次会面，心想，在这里，他和卡内基已经一起经商了 20 年，斯科特给了卡内基创业的第一笔贷款，支持了他几乎所有的努力，事实上，当安迪刚刚起步时，斯科特的更大声望实际上为卡内基年轻时的雄心壮志提供了保障。
So he had every reason to expect now that he was in trouble that Carnegie would help him.
因此，他现在有充分的理由相信，当他遇到麻烦时，卡内基会帮助他。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Here was a true test of Carnegie's friendship with Scott.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔，历史学家：这是对卡内基与斯科特友谊的真正考验。
Carnegie said flatly, No. I cannot endanger my own financial position by endorsing what he was certain was a sinking ship.
卡内基断然说：“不。我不能因为支持他确信是一艘正在下沉的船而危及自己的财务状况。”
Hugh Davids Scott Greenway, Scott's Great Great Grandson: And for Scott this was a terrible personal blow.
休·戴维斯·斯科特·格林威，斯科特的曾曾孙：对于斯科特来说，这是一个可怕的个人打击。
He felt hurt and betrayed, and it was a professional embarrassment, and a financial disaster.
他感到受伤和背叛，这是职业上的尴尬，也是一场经济灾难。
Narrator: Five years later Scott was stricken with what a New York paper called a "paralysis" and sailed to Europe to recuperate.
旁白：五年后，斯科特患上了纽约一家报纸所说的“瘫痪”，并乘船前往欧洲休养。
Hugh Davids Scott Greenway, Scott's Great Great Grandson: Carnegie wrote to Scott this letter that we've had in the family ever since.
休·戴维斯·斯科特·格林威，斯科特的曾曾孙：卡内基给斯科特写了这封信，从那时起我们家就一直保留着这封信。
And the letter said, "I am so sorry.
信中写道：“我很抱歉。
A line in the New York papers picked up here gives me the terrible news.
这里摘到的纽约报纸上的一句话给了我这个可怕的消息。
All our miserable differences vanish in a moment.
我们所有的悲惨分歧瞬间消失。
I only reproach myself that they ever existed.
我只是责备自己它们曾经存在过。
This blow reveals there lay deeper in my heart a cord which still bound me to you in memory of a thousand kindnesses for which I am your debtor." I think this shows how Carnegie was haunted by what he'd done to Tom Scott.
这次打击表明，在我内心深处，有一根绳索将我与你联系在一起，以纪念我欠你的一千种善意。”我认为这表明卡内基对他对汤姆·斯科特所做的事情感到困扰。
Narrator: "All my capital was in manufacturing," Carnegie would explain.
旁白：“我所有的资本都投入了制造业，”卡内基解释道。
But the regrets -- and protests -- came later.
但遗憾和抗议后来才出现。
At the time in 1873 Carnegie simply slammed the door on Scott -- and on his own past life.
1873 年，卡内基干脆对斯科特以及他自己的过去的生活关上了大门。
He was looking forward -- to the opening of his huge new plant at Braddock.
他期待着他在布拉多克的大型新工厂的开业。
Looking forward -- to the Age of Steel.
展望——钢铁时代。
On August 22, 1875 Carnegie witnessed the greatest fireworks display modern industry could produce.
1875 年 8 月 22 日，卡内基目睹了现代工业所能产生的最盛大的烟花表演。
Blasts of air burned out impurities in his molten iron and a silver white liquid -- steel -- was poured into waiting molds that would form ingots -- ingots that would be rolled into rails.
气流烧掉了铁水中的杂质，银白色的液体——钢——被倒入等待的模具中，形成钢锭——这些钢锭将被轧成铁轨。
With calculated flattery, Carnegie named his plant the Edgar Thomson Works for the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
卡内基带着精心策划的奉承，将他的工厂命名为宾夕法尼亚铁路公司总裁埃德加·汤姆森工厂。
It was known as E.T.
它被称为 E.T.
His first order was 2,000 steel rails -- for the Pennsylvania Railroad.
他的第一份订单是为宾夕法尼亚铁路公司订购 2,000 根钢轨。
Carnegie shocked a meeting of mill owners who divided the rail market among them -- by demanding a share equal to the largest.
卡内基要求与最大的企业分享同等的份额，震惊了一次由工厂主组成的会议，他们瓜分了铁路市场。
Harold Livesay, Historian: Carnegie arrives and announces that he's bought stock in all their companies, he's read their reports and he sees, as he goes around the table pointing at various people, that this president makes $50,000 a year, and had a $80,000 a year expense account, and so on and on whereas his president makes $5,000 a year and has no expense account.
历史学家哈罗德·利弗赛 (Harold Livesay)：卡内基到来并宣布他购买了他们所有公司的股票，他读了他们的报告，当他绕着桌子指着不同的人时，他发现这位总统每年赚 50,000 美元，每年有 80,000 美元的开支账户，等等，而他的总统每年赚 5,000 美元，没有开支账户。
I know my costs, he says, and I know yours.
我知道我的成本，他说，我也知道你的成本。
And if you don't give me the share I want, in effect he says, I'll run you all out of business.
如果你不给我我想要的份额，他实际上是在说，我会让你们破产。
Because you can't compete with me.
因为你无法与我竞争。
Narrator: Carnegie knew his plant was efficient; his approach unique.
旁白：卡内基知道他的工厂效率很高。他的方法独特。
His competition would eye profits; he would eye costs, and he developed a system to track them day by day, penny by penny.
他的竞争关注的是利润；他会关注成本，并开发了一个系统来逐日跟踪成本。
His dictum at the Edgar Thomson Works was "watch the costs and the profits take care of themselves." He would move steel in big volumes.
他在埃德加·汤姆森工厂的名言是“注意成本和利润的自然增长”。他会大量运输钢材。
Like the railroads, run his furnaces fast and full.
就像铁路一样，他的熔炉运行得又快又满。
Data on costs and volume were wired to Carnegie in New York.
有关成本和数量的数据已发送至纽约的卡内基基金会。
From there he badgered his managers and tried to inspire a spirit of competition among his workers.
从那时起，他纠缠着他的经理，并试图激发他的工人之间的竞争精神。
It seemed to work.
这似乎有效。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: All you had to do was pit one furnace against another.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：你所要做的就是将一个熔炉与另一个熔炉进行比较。
For the prize of being the best producer of that week, you got to post a steel broom at the top of your smoke stack.
为了获得当周最佳制作人的奖品，你必须在烟囱顶部放置一把钢扫帚。
And the men actually got into the spirit.
男人们真的进入了精神状态。
It was part of the competitive spirit of America.
这是美国竞争精神的一部分。
And when one plant would triumphantly say we broke all records this week, Carnegie's response was "What about next week?"
当一株植物得意地说我们本周打破了所有记录时，卡内基的回答是“下周呢？”
Narrator: The new record raised next week's quota.
旁白：新纪录提高了下周的名额。
If a manager or work crew fell behind, they would be fired.
如果经理或工作人员落后，他们就会被解雇。
Competition was a driving force -- but it drove the workers 12 hours a day, seven days a week.
竞争是一种驱动力，但它驱使工人们每周 7 天、每天 12 小时。
The only holiday they got was the 4th of July.
他们唯一的假期是 7 月 4 日。
The efficiency of the plant, so important to Carnegie, reduced workers to unskilled tenders of machines, easily replaced, often dehumanized.
工厂的效率对卡内基来说非常重要，但它却让工人不得不使用不熟练的机器，这些机器很容易被替换，而且往往缺乏人性。
Those who had dominated the metal business before the Age of Steel found it especially hard.
那些在钢铁时代之前主导金属行业的人发现这尤其困难。
They were craftsmen who were used to controlling the process of making wrought iron, literally cooking it in small batches.
他们是习惯于控制熟铁制造过程的工匠，实际上是小批量烹饪。
Harold Livesay, Historian: And it's an art not a science.
历史学家 Harold Livesay：这是一门艺术，而不是一门科学。
And it was an art practiced by these people called puddlers.
这是这些被称为“搅拌机”的人所实践的艺术。
Who pushed it and stirred it and literally spat upon it and judged it by its color and the color of the flames that shot out of it to announce when this cooking was done.
谁推动它、搅拌它、向它吐口水，并通过它的颜色和从它喷出的火焰的颜色来判断它，以宣布烹饪何时完成。
With the shift from puddling to the Bessemer process comes also a shift in control of the work place.
随着从搅拌工艺到贝塞麦工艺的转变，工作场所的控制也发生了转变。
But this of course the union was most reluctant to see happen and Carnegie and the other managers were most anxious to see happen.
但这当然是工会最不愿意看到发生的，而卡内基和其他经理则最渴望看到发生。
Narrator: From the moment E.T.
旁白：从E.T.那一刻起
opened, workers and their unions battled Carnegie for liveable wages and control of the shop floor.
开业后，工人及其工会与卡内基展开斗争，争取维持生计的工资和对车间的控制权。
A decisive battle would come in a matter of years.
一场决定性的战斗将在几年后到来。
But the days of the puddler -- of all creative labor in a mill -- were numbered.
但在工厂所有创造性劳动中，搅拌工的日子已经屈指可数了。
At E.T.
在 E.T.
Carnegie introduced a scale of production that was daunting -- and irreversible.
卡内基引入了令人畏惧且不可逆转的生产规模。
As the Industrial Revolution had claimed the jobs of hand loom weavers like his father, it would now claim skilled craftsman like the puddlers.
正如工业革命夺走了像他父亲这样的手织机织工的工作，现在它也夺走了像搅拌工这样的熟练工匠。
The change from the Age of Iron to the Age of Steel had human costs.
从铁器时代到钢铁时代的转变付出了人力的代价。
But not for Carnegie.
但对卡内基来说则不然。
He was able to foresee the revolution -- and to harness it.
他能够预见这场革命并加以利用。
John Ingham, Historian: I think Carnegie's genius was, first of all, an ability to foresee how things were going to change.
历史学家约翰·英厄姆：我认为卡内基的天才首先在于能够预见事物将如何变化。
Once he saw that something was of potential benefit to him, he was willing to invest enormously in it.
一旦他看到某件事对他有潜在的好处，他就愿意投入巨资。
If he was told by one of his mill managers that a plant that they had built, or a department in a plant that they had built was not operating as efficiently as they hoped it would or they thought it would, his answer would be to simply rip it out.
如果他的一位工厂经理告诉他，他们建造的一家工厂，或者他们建造的工厂中的一个部门没有像他们希望的或他们认为的那样高效运营，他的答案就是简单地将其拆除。
Rip it out and start all over again, because he wanted to have the most efficient kind of operation.
把它撕下来并重新开始，因为他想要进行最有效的操作。
I think for other business men at the time this just didn't seem to be good business practice at all.
我认为对于当时的其他商人来说，这似乎根本不是一个好的商业惯例。
And I think that they regarded him as someone who was very audacious, who was very reckless in what he was doing, and I think for a long period of time probably felt that he was doomed to failure.
我认为他们认为他是一个非常大胆的人，在他所做的事情上非常鲁莽，而且我想在很长一段时间内可能觉得他注定要失败。
Narrator: They were wrong.
旁白：他们错了。
Carnegie's brash assault on the world of steel was a success from the start.
卡内基对钢铁世界的大胆进攻从一开始就取得了成功。
He was mass producing steel -- cheap steel that fueled the growth of a nation.
他正在大规模生产钢铁——推动国家发展的廉价钢铁。
Three years after E.T.
E.T. 三年后
opened, Carnegie got the contract to supply the structural steel for the Brooklyn Bridge.
开业后，卡内基获得了为布鲁克林大桥供应结构钢的合同。
A minister at the dedication remarked on the metal that built the bridge.
落成典礼上的一位部长对建造这座桥的金属发表了评论。
Steel, he declared, is "the chiefest of modern instruments, the kingliest instrument of peoples for subduing the earth." The industry Carnegie was beginning to dominate had come to symbolize America's technological development and national greatness.
他宣称，钢铁是“最重要的现代工具，是各国人民征服地球的最王者的工具”。卡内基开始主导的行业已经成为美国技术发展和国家伟大的象征。
Carnegie was so proud of his new plant, he begged his English mentor Herbert Spencer to come to Pittsburgh to see how a new industrial order had evolved.
卡内基对他的新工厂感到非常自豪，他恳求他的英国导师赫伯特·斯宾塞来匹兹堡看看新的工业秩序是如何演变的。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Carnegie believed he was playing out Spencer's concept of progress toward Utopia.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔，历史学家：卡内基相信他正在演绎斯宾塞关于乌托邦进步的概念。
He finally succeeds in getting Spencer to come to Pittsburgh.
他最终成功地让斯宾塞来到匹兹堡。
And Spencer saw what Carnegie thought was the industrial utopia as the kind of nightmare of the late 19th industrialism.
斯宾塞将卡内基认为的工业乌托邦视为 19 世纪末工业主义的噩梦。
Spencer said, "Six months residence in Pittsburgh would be justification for suicide." Narrator: In 1881 Carnegie could keep a promise he had made to his mother Margaret in leaner times.
斯宾塞说：“在匹兹堡居住六个月将成为自杀的理由。”旁白：1881年，卡内基在经济困难的时候能够兑现他对母亲玛格丽特做出的承诺。
They would ride in a coach -- and return in triumph to Dunfermline which they had left in shame 33 years before.
他们将乘坐马车，凯旋而归，回到 33 年前让他们蒙羞的邓弗姆林。
Andrew wanted his friend Louise to join them.
安德鲁希望他的朋友路易丝加入他们。
Louise Whitfield was the 24-year-old daughter of a New York merchant whom Andrew, age 45, had courted for a year.
路易丝·惠特菲尔德 (Louise Whitfield) 24 岁，是一位纽约商人的女儿，45 岁的安德鲁曾向她求爱一年。
They enjoyed riding together in Central Park.
他们喜欢一起在中央公园骑行。
Molly Rorke, Dunfermline Heritage Guide: Andrew got more and more friendly with this girl who was not conventionally pretty, who was not vivacious, not flirtatious.
莫莉·罗克（Molly Rorke），邓弗姆林遗产指南：安德鲁对这个女孩越来越友好，这个女孩并不传统上漂亮，不活泼，也不轻浮。
She was quiet.
她很安静。
She was serious.
她很认真。
She was sensitive.
她很敏感。
And Andrew obviously liked her very much indeed.
安德鲁显然非常喜欢她。
But it's a bit iffy if a bachelor invites a young lady to go on such an expedition.
但如果一个单身汉邀请一位年轻女士去参加这样的探险，那就有点不确定了。
So Andrew plead hard with his mother that she would go and extend a kind invitation to Louise and then Louise would be able to go as well.
于是安德鲁苦苦哀求他的母亲，让她去向路易丝发出善意的邀请，然后路易丝也可以去。
So Mrs. Carnegie put on the best black silk and went to see Louise and her mother.
于是卡内基夫人穿上了最好的黑丝绸，去看望了路易丝和她的母亲。
And Louise's mother wasn't sure when Mrs. Carnegie extended a rather terse invitation.
路易丝的母亲也不确定卡内基夫人何时发出了一份相当简洁的邀请。
And she said, well, if it was your daughter, do you think this would be suitable?
她说，好吧，如果是你女儿，你觉得这个合适吗？
And Mrs. Carnegie drew herself up and said, "If she was any daughter of mine she'd be going nay place of the kind." End of coaching trip for Louise.
卡内基夫人挺直身子说：“如果她是我的女儿，她就不会去那种地方。”路易丝的教练之旅结束。
And then to make it worse the insensitive old so and so asked Louise to dinner where everybody at the dinner table was chatting about this wonderful excursion that they were going to have.
更糟糕的是，麻木不仁的老某某邀请路易丝共进晚餐，餐桌上的每个人都在谈论他们将要进行的这次美妙的旅行。
And Louise wasn't going.
路易丝没有去。
The only person who wasn't going and she had to sit and eat humble pie and watch Mrs. Carnegie preening herself at the top of the table.
唯一一个不去的人，她不得不坐下来吃简陋的馅饼，看着卡内基夫人在桌子最上面打扮自己。
Narrator: When the spires of the Dunfermline Abbey Church came into view, Margaret Carnegie could share her excitement with Andrew alone.
旁白：当邓弗姆林修道院教堂的尖顶映入眼帘时，玛格丽特·卡内基可以单独与安德鲁分享她的兴奋之情。
The coach passed the walls of Pittencrieff Park, the paradise of privilege always denied to Andrew as a boy.
马车经过皮滕克里夫公园的围墙，这是安德鲁小时候一直被剥夺的特权天堂。
It headed up the hill past the Town Hall bedecked to welcome Andrew who had donated a library.
它上山经过装饰华丽的市政厅，欢迎安德鲁捐赠了一座图书馆。
Then the coach turned right onto The High Street where the rich shop keepers lived and where Margaret had aspired to live before she left for America.
然后马车右转进入高街，那里有富有的店主居住的地方，也是玛格丽特在前往美国之前渴望居住的地方。
The High Street -- where her sister lived after she married well -- married George Lauder.
高街——她姐姐结婚后居住的地方——嫁给了乔治·兰黛。
It stopped in front of George Lauder's shop.
它停在乔治·劳德的商店门前。
Andrew was at the reins.
安德鲁掌管一切。
And Margaret was up on top -- dressed in her best black silk.
玛格丽特站在最上面——穿着她最好的黑色丝绸。
Up on top -- where all Dunfermline could see her.
在山顶——整个邓弗姆林都能看到她。
With E.T.
与 E.T.
a success, Carnegie bought another mill -- across the river at Homestead.
由于成功，卡内基购买了另一家工厂——河对岸的霍姆斯泰德。
It was a bargain -- but it would cost him dearly.
这是一笔很划算的交易——但这会让他付出高昂的代价。
Homestead's new open hearth furnaces made it the steel mill of the future.
霍姆斯泰德的新型平炉使其成为未来的钢厂。
Novelist Hamlin Garland would write of "a roar as of a hundred lions." "A thunder as of cannons." A "burst of spluttering flakes of fire." He described "fierce ovens giving off a glare of heat, and horrible stenches of gases." "Everywhere the deafening hiss of escaping steam."
小说家哈姆林·加兰曾写道“一百头狮子的吼叫”。 “雷声如大炮轰鸣。” “一阵飞溅的火焰”。他描述了“猛烈的烤箱散发出耀眼的热量和可怕的恶臭气体”。 “到处都是蒸汽逸出的震耳欲聋的嘶嘶声。”
"I saw men prodding in the deep soaking pits where ingots glowed in white-hot chambers.
“我看到人们在深坑中戳戳，那里的金锭在白热化的房间里闪闪发光。
I saw other men in the hot yellow glare from the furnaces.
我在熔炉发出的炽热的黄色光芒中看到了其他人。
(It was) a place into which men went like men going into war for the sake of wives and children, urged on by necessity.
（那是）一个人们进入的地方，就像男人为了妻子和孩子而进入战争一样，迫于需要。
"A man works in peril of his life for 14 cents an hour.
“一个人冒着生命危险为每小时 14 美分的工资工作。
"Upon such toil rests the splendor of American civilization." The town itself was foul.
“美国文明的辉煌就建立在这样的辛劳之上。”小镇本身就很肮脏。
Garland wrote of "great sheds, out of which grim smoke stacks rose with a desolate effect like the black stumps of a burned forest of great trees." The New York Weekly Tribune noted Homestead's lack of sewers and drainage.
加兰写道，“巨大的棚屋里冒出可怕的烟囱，给人一种荒凉的感觉，就像被烧毁的大树林里的黑色树桩一样。” 《纽约论坛周刊》指出霍姆斯泰德缺乏下水道和排水系统。
"There are deep gutters on both sides of every street, but whenever it rains, the gutters fill up with water which stagnates and becomes covered with green, slimy scum which sends up odors sickening to the extreme."
“每条街道两旁都有很深的排水沟，但一到下雨天，排水沟就积满了水，积水滞留，上面覆盖着绿色的、黏糊糊的浮渣，散发出令人作呕的臭味。”
This was home to thousands.
这里曾是数千人的家园。
The English speakers with the skilled jobs lived on the hill.
从事熟练工作的说英语的人住在山上。
They could look down on those they called "the Hunkies," the Slavs and Hungarians, who did the dirty work and lived in the cluttered alleys by the tracks behind the mill.
他们可以瞧不起那些被他们称为“帅哥”的斯拉夫人和匈牙利人，他们干着肮脏的工作，住在磨坊后面铁轨旁的杂乱小巷里。
But like war, the mill forged a brotherhood.
但就像战争一样，工厂结成了兄弟情谊。
The mill was their life.
磨坊就是他们的生活。
And it would be their children's lives.
这将是他们孩子的生活。
"There is a fascination about the mill," a sociologist wrote, "against which even unwilling mothers find themselves helpless to contend."
“磨坊有一种魅力，”一位社会学家写道，“即使是不情愿的母亲也发现自己无能为力。”
Something else made Homestead unique.
还有一些东西让霍姆斯特德变得独一无二。
Workers ran the town.
工人们管理着这个城镇。
And through their unions, they helped run the mill.
通过工会，他们帮助经营工厂。
The strikes which had forced the former owners to sell to Carnegie on the cheap would now be his problem.
迫使前业主低价出售给卡内基的罢工现在成了他的问题。
Paul Krause, Historian: Homestead was a workers' town.
历史学家保罗·克劳斯：霍姆斯泰德是一个工人城镇。
And the unions, the steel unions in Homestead, were very, very strong.
工会，霍姆斯特德的钢铁工会，非常非常强大。
Both the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, and the Knights of Labor.
钢铁工人联合协会和劳工骑士团。
Not only were they strong but they were bastions of 19th or indeed by 20th century standards, bastions of inter-ethnic solidarity.
它们不仅强大，而且是 19 世纪的堡垒，甚至按照 20 世纪的标准，是种族间团结的堡垒。
And there were a number of workers who had come to Homestead from the greater Pittsburgh area who were distinguished by their commitment to a certain kind of labor politics that made Carnegie and his colleagues quite uncomfortable.
还有许多从大匹兹堡地区来到霍姆斯泰德的工人，他们因致力于某种劳工政治而闻名，这让卡内基和他的同事们感到非常不舒服。
Narrator: Homestead would become the most famous steel mill in America.
旁白：霍姆斯泰德将成为美国最著名的钢铁厂。
Famous for what its workers made: the structural steel for America's first skyscrapers, the armor plate that transformed the Navy from hulls of wood to world-dominating hulls of steel.
以其工人制造的产品而闻名：美国第一座摩天大楼的结构钢，将海军从木质船体转变为主导世界的钢铁船体的装甲板。
And famous for what happened when its workers clashed with Andrew Carnegie.
并因其工人与安德鲁·卡内基发生冲突而闻名。
To help manage Homestead, Carnegie would rely on a savvy new partner, Pittsburgh coal tycoon Henry Clay Frick.
为了帮助管理霍姆斯特德，卡内基将依靠一位精明的新合作伙伴——匹兹堡煤炭大亨亨利·克莱·弗里克。
He may have wished he hadn't.
他可能希望自己没有这么做。
Carnegie met Frick at The Windsor then New York's swankiest hotel, where he and his mother had moved.
卡内基在当时纽约最豪华的温莎酒店遇见了弗里克，他和他的母亲也搬到了那里。
Harold Livesay, Historian: Carnegie had never met Frick, until one day in New York City, Frick is there on his honeymoon and Carnegie, accompanied by his mother, as he often was, invites Frick and his bride to lunch.
历史学家哈罗德·利弗赛 (Harold Livesay)：卡内基从未见过弗里克，直到有一天，弗里克在纽约度蜜月，卡内基一如既往地在母亲的陪伴下，邀请弗里克和他的新娘共进午餐。
And Carnegie at the conclusion of lunch, toasts the future partnership of Frick and Carnegie.
卡内基在午餐结束时为弗里克和卡内基未来的合作干杯。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: This came as a complete surprise to everyone there including Henry Clay Frick himself.
历史学家约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔：这让包括亨利·克莱·弗里克本人在内的每个人都感到非常惊讶。
The first words that were spoken came from Andrew's mother.
说出的第一句话是安德鲁的母亲说的。
"That's all very well," she said, "for Mr. Frick?
“对弗里克先生来说，这一切都很好吗？”她说。
But what's in it for us?"
但这对我们有什么好处呢？”
Narrator: What was in it for Andrew Carnegie -- and mother Margaret -- was guaranteed access to Frick's vast supply of coke in southwestern Pennsylvania.
旁白：对于安德鲁·卡内基和母亲玛格丽特来说，这意味着可以保证获得弗里克在宾夕法尼亚州西南部的大量可乐供应。
Coke is coal partially burned in what were called "beehive" ovens.
焦炭是在所谓的“蜂巢”烤箱中部分燃烧的煤炭。
It is a key ingredient in making iron, and without iron, Carnegie could not make steel.
它是炼铁的关键成分，没有铁，卡内基就无法炼钢。
Henry Clay Frick was the very model of an American Gilded Age capitalist -- driven by money and power.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是美国镀金时代资本家的典型——受金钱和权力驱动。
He started with a $10,000 loan, and after 10 years of 18-hour days, by age 30, he was the undisputed "King of Coke." Carnegie had bargained for a supply of coke.
他以 10,000 美元的贷款起家，每天 18 小时工作 10 年之后，到 30 岁时，他已成为无可争议的“可乐之王”。卡内基曾就可乐供应讨价还价。
He got an extra dividend -- a manager who would become his chief executive and make him "the richest man in the world." John Ingham, Historian: Frick had what Carnegie himself called an absolute genius for management.
他得到了额外的红利——一名经理将成为他的首席执行官，并使他成为“世界上最富有的人”。历史学家约翰·英厄姆：弗里克拥有卡内基本人所说的绝对的管理天才。
But he also shared a long range vision.
但他也有着长远的愿景。
A long range vision of rapid technological change.
对快速技术变革的长远愿景。
And I think building an empire of business, that was very, very important to Carnegie.
我认为建立一个商业帝国对卡内基来说非常非常重要。
Carnegie had been fighting with his brother and fighting with other partners over the years, over this whole issue of technological change.
多年来，卡内基一直在与他的兄弟以及其他合作伙伴就技术变革的整个问题进行斗争。
No one else was willing to go as aggressively or as rapidly as Carnegie was willing to.
没有人愿意像卡内基那样积极或迅速地采取行动。
And finally with Frick, he found a man that shared that kind of vision.
最后，他与弗里克找到了一个拥有同样愿景的人。
Narrator: Their first venture together was an attack on a new mill upriver at Duquesne.
旁白：他们第一次一起冒险是袭击杜肯上游的一家新工厂。
It was a masterpiece of business deception.
这是商业欺骗的杰作。
When the Duquesne Works opened in 1889, it began to beat Carnegie at his own game -- innovative technology that cut costs and threatened his markets.
当杜肯工厂于 1889 年开业时，它开始在卡内基自己的游戏中击败卡内基——创新技术降低了成本并威胁了他的市场。
They could roll continuously from ingot to rail and avoid a reheating process that was costly to Carnegie.
它们可以连续地从铸锭滚动到钢轨，并避免了卡内基成本高昂的再加热过程。
John Ingham, Historian: Carnegie, who was very worried, and very concerned about this level of competition, decided to circulate a note to the various railroads warning them not to use the steel from the Duquesne Works because it lacked what he called "homogeneity." Now nobody in this Carnegie mill had any idea what this thing homogeneity was.
历史学家约翰·英厄姆：卡内基非常担心，非常担心这种程度的竞争，决定向各铁路公司散发一份说明，警告他们不要使用杜肯工厂的钢材，因为它缺乏他所说的“同质性”。现在卡内基工厂里没有人知道同质性是什么。
None of the people in the railroads had any idea what the term homogeneity meant.
铁路里的人都不知道同质性一词意味着什么。
But it sounded good.
但听起来不错。
I mean it sounded like this was something that was important.
我的意思是，听起来这件事很重要。
And so the railroads were scared off of buying this new kind of a steel process.
因此铁路公司不敢购买这种新型钢铁工艺。
Narrator: Carnegie had convinced the railroads that rails made at Duquesne were defective.
旁白：卡内基让铁路公司相信杜肯制造的铁轨有缺陷。
Within a year Frick scooped up the Duquesne Works for Carnegie.
一年之内，弗里克为卡内基收购了杜肯工厂。
It was the greatest industrial bargain of the 19th Century.
这是 19 世纪最大的工业交易。
Carnegie called Frick a "marvel." Carnegie and Frick promptly introduced at their other mills the same process they had warned against at Duquesne.
卡内基称弗里克为“奇迹”。卡内基和弗里克立即在他们的其他工厂引入了他们在杜肯大学警告不要使用的相同流程。
Letters warning of lack of homogeneity promptly ended.
警告缺乏同质性的信件很快就结束了。
Frick was proving his worth.
弗里克正在证明自己的价值。
In his first year as Carnegie's chief executive, profits nearly doubled.
在他担任卡内基首席执行官的第一年，利润几乎翻了一番。
Narrator: Andrew Carnegie spent the summer of 1886 at Cresson, his retreat in the Allegheny Mountains.
旁白：安德鲁·卡内基 1886 年夏天在他位于阿勒格尼山脉的隐居地克雷森 (Cresson) 度过。
But it was a trying time.
但这是一段艰难的时期。
He would leave Cresson often to visit his brother Tom -- bedridden in Pittsburgh.
他经常离开克雷森去看望他在匹兹堡卧床不起的弟弟汤姆。
Tom was an important partner but had drunk too much for years -- many felt to escape the demands of his ambitious older brother.
汤姆是一个重要的合作伙伴，但多年来酗酒——许多人都想逃避他雄心勃勃的哥哥的要求。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Andrew had never felt Tom was aggressive enough.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：安德鲁从来没有觉得汤姆足够好斗。
Andrew was always jealous of Tom even though Tom was the younger brother, always felt that the mother loved Tom more than she loved him.
尽管汤姆是弟弟，安德鲁却总是嫉妒汤姆，总觉得母亲爱汤姆胜过爱他。
And when Herbert Spencer came and preferred the company of Tom to Andrew, this was a severe blow to Andrew's pride intellectually as well as personally.
当赫伯特·斯宾塞到来时，他更喜欢汤姆的陪伴而不是安德鲁，这对安德鲁的智力和个人自豪感都造成了沉重打击。
Narrator: At Cresson their mother Margaret, age 76, got pneumonia.
旁白：在克雷森，他们的母亲玛格丽特，76 岁，得了肺炎。
Then Andrew took to his bed in the adjacent room.
然后安德鲁躺在隔壁房间的床上。
He wrote Louise he had a bad cold.
他写信给路易丝说他得了重感冒。
But he had typhoid.
但他得了伤寒。
In October Tom died at age 43.
10 月，汤姆去世，享年 43 岁。
Carnegie had often dismissed Tom as being "born tired." But he adored his mother.
卡内基经常斥责汤姆“天生疲倦”。但他很崇拜他的母亲。
"Perhaps someday I may be able to tell the world something of this heroine, but I doubt it," he would confide.
“也许有一天我可以向世界讲述这位女英雄的一些事情，但我对此表示怀疑，”他透露道。
"I feel her to be sacred to myself and not for others to know.
“我觉得她对我自己来说是神圣的，而不是让别人知道的。
After my father's early death, she was all my own."
我父亲早逝后，她就完全属于我了。”
In November 1886 while Andrew was still ill, Margaret Carnegie died.
1886 年 11 月，当安德鲁还在生病时，玛格丽特·卡内基去世了。
Molly Rorke, Dunfermline Heritage Guide: They were concerned that he did not hear that his mother had died of pneumonia because it would occasion a relapse a very serious one.
莫莉·罗克（Molly Rorke），邓弗姆林遗产指南：他们担心他没有听说他的母亲死于肺炎，因为这会导致病情复发，而且是非常严重的肺炎。
They had to lower Mrs. Carnegie's coffin out of the window so that Andrew couldn't hear it being carried past his room because the risk to his own health was so great.
他们不得不把卡内基夫人的棺材从窗外放下，这样安德鲁就听不到棺材被抬过他房间的声音，因为他自己的健康风险太大了。
They told him a week later that she had died.
一周后他们告诉他她已经去世了。
And Andrew was devastated.
安德鲁很伤心。
Narrator: In late November Andrew wrote Louise: "Today as I see the great light once more, my first word is to you...
旁白：十一月下旬，安德鲁写信给路易丝：“今天，当我再次看到伟大的光芒时，我的第一句话是对你说……
I am now wholly yours...
我现在完全属于你了...
I live in you now...
我现在住在你里面...
Til death, Louise, yours alone." Five months later Andrew Carnegie, age 51, married Louise Whitfield, age 30, in a private ceremony.
至死不渝，路易丝，只有你一个人了。”五个月后，51 岁的安德鲁·卡内基在一场私人仪式上与 30 岁的路易丝·惠特菲尔德结婚。
"He is so much more thoughtful in little things than...
“他在小事上考虑得比......
before we were married," Louise wrote her mother from their honeymoon in Scotland." But she seemed daunted by Carnegie's demanding social life.
在我们结婚之前，”路易丝在苏格兰度蜜月时写信给她母亲。”但她似乎对卡内基高要求的社交生活感到畏惧。
"We are in a whirl, nothing but a rush...
“我们陷入了漩涡，只不过是匆忙......
I begin to realize how important it is for a woman not to have any wants or wishes of her own." The suppression of her desires, so evident in five years of courtship, made possible a happy marriage.
我开始意识到，对于一个女人来说，不要有任何自己的欲望或愿望是多么重要。”在五年的求爱过程中，她对欲望的抑制如此明显，使幸福的婚姻成为可能。
But there was one feeling that Louise could not suppress forever.
但有一种感觉，露易丝无法永远压抑。
As an older woman she confided that Margaret Carnegie had been the most unpleasant woman she had ever known.
作为一名年长的女性，她坦言玛格丽特·卡内基是她所认识的最令人不快的女人。
The year before his marriage, Andrew Carnegie published Triumphant Democracy , a best selling book that saw the promise of America realized in growing industries such as his.
结婚前一年，安德鲁·卡内基出版了《胜利的民主》，这是一本畅销书，见证了美国在像他这样的不断发展的行业中实现的希望。
But it was a promise workers felt they had been denied.
但工人们觉得这个承诺被拒绝了。
In the previous decade, they had wracked American cities with violent strikes and riots.
在过去的十年里，他们用暴力罢工和骚乱蹂躏了美国城市。
The worst destruction was in 1877 after railroads arbitrarily cut wages.
最严重的破坏发生在 1877 年，当时铁路任意削减工资。
Strikers in Pittsburgh burned 2,000 freight cars on the Pennsylvania Railroad, which served Carnegie's plants.
匹兹堡的罢工者烧毁了为卡内基工厂提供服务的宾夕法尼亚铁路上的 2,000 辆货车。
Workers nationwide were unleashing their frustration at feeling trapped in the new industrial order that the railroads had forged and that Carnegie had come to symbolize.
全国各地的工人们都在释放自己的挫败感，因为他们感到自己被困在铁路打造的、卡内基所象征的新工业秩序中。
Paul Krause, Historian: Tens of thousands of American workers came to believe in the late 1860s early 1870s that upward mobility would not be open to them, that they would never be able to become self-employed, they would never become capitalists.
历史学家保罗·克劳斯（Paul Krause）：在 1860 年代末 1870 年代初，数以万计的美国工人开始相信，向上流动不会向他们开放，他们永远无法成为自营职业者，他们永远不会成为资本家。
And they therefore saw their status in American society as wage slaves.
因此，他们将自己在美国社会的地位视为工资奴隶。
They saw themselves as forever dependent on the will of another for their livelihood.
他们认为自己永远依赖他人的意愿来维持生计。
Narrator: Amid this turmoil Carnegie found the voice of his radical forbearers and stunned the business world with an essay in which he championed the right of workers to organize into unions.
旁白：在这场动荡中，卡内基找到了他的激进前辈的声音，并发表了一篇文章震惊了商界，其中他支持工人组织工会的权利。
As he did so labor leaders in 1886 called a nationwide strike for an eight-hour day.
1886 年，当他这样做时，劳工领袖号召全国范围内的罢工，要求实行八小时工作制。
The worst violence was in Chicago when a bomb exploded at a labor rally in Haymarket Square and the police opened fire.
最严重的暴力事件发生在芝加哥，当时干草市场广场的一次劳工集会发生炸弹爆炸，警察开枪。
Carnegie felt compelled to write a second essay reaffirming his faith in labor.
卡内基感到有必要写第二篇文章，重申他对劳动的信念。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: But he said, there is a temptation for violence and that should never be forgotten.
历史学家约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall）：但他说，存在暴力的诱惑，永远不应该忘记这一点。
When labor sees it's only asset, its job being threatened then there is a natural tendency to violence.
当劳工认为自己是唯一的资产，其工作受到威胁时，就会自然而然地倾向于暴力。
And he proposed a new commandment -- thou shalt not take thy neighbor's job.
他提出了一条新的戒律——你不应该抢走你邻居的工作。
It was a remarkable piece.
这是一件了不起的作品。
Labor was going to regard it as its Magna Carta.
工党将把它视为大宪章。
Harold Livesay, Historian: But his peers found these statements almost insufferably outrageous.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛 (Harold Livesay)：但他的同行们认为这些说法几乎令人难以忍受。
Because it seemed to them to threaten not only businesses, the owners of businesses right to manage their affairs as they saw fit, but to encourage labor to organize and to perhaps participate in activities that in the 19th century, and for that matter, much of the 20th century, could be seen as subversive and anti-American.
因为在他们看来，这不仅威胁到企业、企业主按照自己认为合适的方式管理事务的权利，而且还鼓励劳工组织并可能参与19世纪乃至20世纪大部分时间可能被视为颠覆和反美的活动。
Narrator: Among those who disagreed with his writings sympathetic to labor was Carnegie's own partner Henry Clay Frick.
旁白：卡内基自己的合伙人亨利·克莱·弗里克（Henry Clay Frick）是那些不同意他同情劳工的著作的人之一。
Frick believed passionately that the H.
弗里克热情地相信 H.
C.
C.
Frick Coke Company, the fruit of his hard work, was his to manage as he saw fit.
弗里克可口可乐公司是他辛勤工作的成果，由他按照他认为合适的方式进行管理。
Labor was a commodity with no rights.
劳动力是一种没有权利的商品。
Martha Frick Symington Sanger, Frick's Great Granddaughter: My great grandfather was extremely tough on strikes and labor, and it, it's all rooted very much in childhood.
玛莎·弗里克·赛明顿·桑格（Martha Frick Symington Sanger），弗里克的曾孙女：我的曾祖父对罢工和劳工非常严厉，这一切都源于童年。
He was brought up by a German Mennonite, grandfather, whose motto really was, "If you want to know who's boss, just start something." And this was a very, very angry man, and the Mennonites were very dutiful people.
他的祖父是德国门诺派教徒，他的座右铭是：“如果你想知道谁是老大，就从开始做起吧。”这是一个非常非常愤怒的人，而门诺派教徒是非常尽职的人。
They were very hard-working people, and you did what you were told.
他们都是非常勤奋的人，你就按照别人的吩咐去做。
And my great-grandfather was often very severely punished for such little things as climbing an apple tree and stealing an apple.
我的曾祖父经常因为爬苹果树和偷苹果这样的小事而受到非常严厉的惩罚。
Narrator: Frick viewed workers who would not accept his terms as disobedient.
旁白：弗里克认为不接受他的条件的工人是不服从的。
When English speaking workers went on strike in his coal fields in 1884 he fired them and imported Hungarian and Slav scab labor.
1884 年，当说英语的工人在他的煤田举行罢工时，他解雇了他们，并引进了匈牙利和斯拉夫人工贼。
When another strike over wages loomed in 1887, Frick organized all the coke companies to stand firm.
1887 年，当另一场工资罢工迫在眉睫时，弗里克组织所有焦炭公司坚守阵地。
The strike closed the coke works and cut off the supply of coke to Carnegie's mills.
罢工关闭了焦炭厂，并切断了卡内基工厂的焦炭供应。
Harold Livesay, Historian: Frick's normal response to such a situation was to defy labor absolutely and refuse its demands.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛（Harold Livesay）：弗里克对这种情况的正常反应是绝对反抗劳工并拒绝其要求。
Tough it out.
坚持下去。
But by this time, Frick no longer owned a majority interest in his own company.
但此时，弗里克不再拥有自己公司的多数股权。
The Carnegie partners owned the majority share of the Frick Coke Company.
卡内基合伙人拥有弗里克可口可乐公司的多数股权。
Because times were good, because Carnegie Steel could sell all the steel it could make, Carnegie instructed Frick to grant the union its demands, and settle the strike.
由于时势良好，卡内基钢铁公司可以出售其生产的所有钢材，卡内基指示弗里克满足工会的要求，并解决罢工。
Narrator: Carnegie forced Frick to retreat from his hard line stance on labor, and Frick was furious.
旁白：卡内基迫使弗里克放弃在劳工问题上的强硬立场，弗里克勃然大怒。
But Carnegie's views were never tested.
但卡内基的观点从未受到检验。
He emerged as the businessman both fair to labor and watchful of his bottom line.
他成为了一个既公平对待劳工又注重自己底线的商人。
The next year they were put to the test -- at his Edgar Thomson Works when the union resisted his efforts to reduce the cost of labor.
第二年，他们在埃德加·汤姆森工厂接受了考验，当时工会抵制了他降低劳动力成本的努力。
In his autobiography, Carnegie recounted the role he played.
卡内基在他的自传中讲述了他所扮演的角色。
How he closed the plant and settled down in New York to wait it out.
他如何关闭工厂并在纽约定居等待事情结束。
He saw himself as he wanted to be remembered -- the benevolent employer.
他将自己视为他希望被铭记的人——仁慈的雇主。
Harold Livesay, Historian: After some weeks, a delegation from the union arrived, he welcomed them to his home, he showed them about, he wined and dined them, he treated them with great courtesy and announced that he would soon appear in Pittsburgh with a plan to settle the strike and to put everyone back to work.
哈罗德·利夫赛（Harold Livesay），历史学家：几周后，工会代表团抵达，他欢迎他们来到他的家中，带他们参观，为他们提供美酒佳肴，以极大的礼貌对待他们，并宣布他很快将出现在匹兹堡，并提出一项解决罢工并让每个人重返工作岗位的计划。
And indeed shortly thereafter, he comes to the mill.
事实上不久之后，他就来到了工厂。
His partners are quite nervous about this and afraid of what may happen when he appears at this mass meeting, but in fact, he does appear at a mass meeting of his workers and after some general discussion of the situation, he asked people to talk about their specific grievances.
他的伙伴们对此很紧张，担心他出现在这次群众大会上会发生什么，但事实上，他确实出现在工人群众大会上，并在对情况进行了一些一般性讨论后，他要求人们谈论他们的具体不满。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: And one of the workers got up and said, Mr. Carnegie, take my job for instance.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：其中一名工人站起来说，卡内基先生，以我的工作为例。
At which time Carnegie with his ready wit said, "Mr. Carnegie takes no man's job." This broke the ice.
这时，卡内基机智地说：“卡内基先生不接任何人的工作。”这打破了坚冰。
The whole hall roared with laughter.
整个大厅里充满了笑声。
Harold Livesay, Historian: And that was the key to the whole situation.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛（Harold Livesay）：这是整个局势的关键。
The meeting breaks up in an atmosphere of mutual joy and love, and shortly thereafter the contract is signed giving Carnegie essentially what he wanted.
会议在相互欢乐和友爱的气氛中结束，不久之后合同就签署了，这基本上满足了卡内基想要的东西。
Narrator: In Carnegie's fairytale ending, everything turned out all right.
旁白：在卡耐基童话般的结局中，一切都变得美好。
He passed his test with flying colors.
他出色地通过了考试。
He remembered in his memoirs the idealistic Carnegie who settled the dispute without violence.
他在回忆录中回忆起理想主义的卡内基，他以非暴力的方式解决了争端。
What he neglected was the Carnegie determined to get to the top -- by starving workers into submission -- by casting aside his idealism and destroying their union.
他忽视的是卡内基决心登上顶峰——通过让工人挨饿屈服——通过抛开他的理想主义并摧毁他们的工会。
The next year, in March 1889, Carnegie gave Braddock, Pennsylvania, home of the Edgar Thomson works, a magnificent library.
第二年，即 1889 年 3 月，卡内基为埃德加·汤姆森 (Edgar Thomson) 作品的所在地宾夕法尼亚州布拉多克 (Braddock) 捐赠了一座宏伟的图书馆。
It was more than reading rooms.
它不仅仅是阅览室。
It was an elaborate community center with a music hall.
这是一个精心设计的社区中心，设有音乐厅。
And athletic facilities.
和体育设施。
In his dedication, he stressed the obligation of the wealthy to give away their money for the public good, a theme he would develop and publish later as The Gospel of Wealth.
在他的献词中，他强调富人有义务为公共利益捐出自己的钱，这一主题后来被他发展并出版为《财富的福音》。
Paul Krause, Historian: He called the library a testimony to his partnership with the workers of Braddock, and he suggested that soon he would build a library in Homestead, but only on the condition that the workers in Homestead would become his partners, only he meant, if the workers at Homestead would give up their affiliation with their trade unions.
保罗·克劳斯，历史学家：他称图书馆是他与布拉多克工人伙伴关系的见证，他建议很快他将在霍姆斯特德建造一座图书馆，但前提是霍姆斯特德的工人成为他的合作伙伴，只有他的意思是，如果霍姆斯特德的工人放弃与工会的联系。
I don't think that that rhetoric went over very well with the workers and their unions at Homestead.
我认为霍姆斯特德的工人及其工会不太接受这种言论。
Narrator: Across the river at Homestead the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers was the only union left in Carnegie's steel plants.
旁白：河对岸的霍姆斯泰德，钢铁工人联合协会是卡内基钢铁厂中唯一的工会。
That summer of 1889 the workers won concessions from Carnegie.
1889 年夏天，工人们赢得了卡内基的让步。
They not only survived as a union, they emerged from negotiations more determined and powerful than ever.
他们不仅作为一个联盟得以生存，而且在谈判中变得比以往任何时候都更加坚定和强大。
But that was before Henry Clay Frick was in charge.
但那是在亨利·克莱·弗里克上任之前。
When their new contract expired in 1892, they would be dealing with Frick.
1892 年，当他们的新合同到期时，他们将与弗里克打交道。
How he handled an intervening strike in his coke fields would make him more determined and powerful than ever.
他如何处理焦炭田的干预罢工将使他比以往任何时候都更加坚定和强大。
Martha Frick Symington Sanger, Frick's Great Granddaughter: The Hungarian and Slavs who worked in those coke works refused to work at the price that the H.C.
玛莎·弗里克·赛明顿·桑格 (Martha Frick Symington Sanger)，弗里克的曾孙女：在这些焦炭厂工作的匈牙利人和斯拉夫人拒绝按照 H.C. 的价格工作。
Frick Coke Company was paying.
弗里克可口可乐公司正在付款。
They not only refused to work for it they refused to allow anybody else to work.
他们不仅拒绝为其工作，还拒绝允许其他人工作。
And so, as my great-grandfather began to bring people in to work, they marched on the Morewood plant, not once, but twice and in the middle of the night, and to the sound of beating drums, they were absolutely drunk, they were armed with guns, and pipes, and shovels, and brooms.
因此，当我的曾祖父开始带人们去上班时，他们向莫尔伍德工厂行进，不是一次，而是两次，而且是在半夜，在敲鼓的声音中，他们完全喝醉了，他们配备了枪、管子、铲子和扫帚。
They burned up all the coking tools, they tore the fence down and they did, you know, hundreds of thousands if not millions of dollars worth of damage.
他们烧毁了所有炼焦工具，拆毁了栅栏，造成了数十万甚至数百万美元的损失。
And for my great-grandfather this was intolerable.
对于我的曾祖父来说，这是无法容忍的。
And he did say, these are ignorant people, they are not naturalized American citizens, they do not speak English.
他确实说过，这些人都是无知的人，他们不是归化的美国公民，他们不会说英语。
They are the ignorant tools of the labor leaders, he said always, well, what is going to rule our great commonwealth?
他们是劳工领袖无知的工具，他总是说，好吧，什么将统治我们伟大的联邦？
The law or mob violence?
法律还是暴徒暴力？
Narrator: The law sided with the property owner.
旁白：法律站在业主一边。
With the help of the Pennsylvania militia, Frick reopened his coke ovens after three months of guerrilla war.
在宾夕法尼亚州民兵的帮助下，弗里克在三个月的游击战争后重新开放了他的焦炉。
The skirmish at his Morewood plant left seven strikers dead.
莫尔伍德工厂发生的小冲突导致七名罢工者死亡。
Frick cabled an associate in Chicago: "This will likely have a good effect on the riotous element up there."
弗里克给芝加哥的一位同事发了电报：“这可能会对那里的骚乱分子产生良好的影响。”
The striking Hungarians and Slavs were replaced by Italians -- protected by a private police force, the Pinkerton guards.
罢工的匈牙利人和斯拉夫人被意大利人取代，并受到私人警察平克顿卫队的保护。
Frick broke the union.
弗里克破坏了工会。
This time Carnegie did not interfere.
这次卡内基没有干涉。
Carnegie and Frick now controlled their labor costs everywhere -- except at Homestead where the Amalgamated was entrenched.
卡内基和弗里克现在在各地都控制了劳动力成本——除了联合公司根深蒂固的霍姆斯泰德。
They had introduced the most modern machinery and technology at Homestead.
他们在霍姆斯泰德引进了最现代化的机械和技术。
The mill now required fewer workers.
工厂现在需要的工人减少了。
And the skills needed were not the obsolete skills of the old craftsmen, the puddlers.
而且所需要的技能并不是老工匠、搅拌工的过时技能。
Yet it was these craftsmen who ran the union and, unlike Carnegie's non-union mills, had a say in who was hired and how the work was done.
然而，正是这些工匠管理着工会，并且与卡内基的非工会工厂不同，他们对雇用谁以及如何完成工作有发言权。
No one believed more in the union cause than Homestead's activist mayor, John McLuckie.
没有人比霍姆斯特德的激进市长约翰·麦克勒基 (John McLuckie) 更相信工会事业。
Paul Krause, Historian: John McLuckie and his associates in Homestead believed above all in the idea that all American workers should be entitled to a job, a livelihood, and to having a sufficiency of means for living comfortably...They believed that this was an essential American right, and that individuals such as Carnegie couldn't be allowed to continue to accumulate wealth unfettered, untrammeled and that the power, the wealth that the Homestead Steel Works represented and the power and wealth that Carnegie had over the lives of ordinary workers such as McLuckie and his associates was tyranny.
历史学家保罗·克劳斯：约翰·麦克勒基和他在霍姆斯特德的同事首先相信这样一种观念：所有美国工人都应该有权获得工作、生计以及拥有足够的手段过上舒适的生活……他们相信这是美国人的一项基本权利，不能允许像卡内基这样的个人继续不受约束、不受约束地积累财富，而霍姆斯特德钢铁厂所代表的权力、财富以及权力和财富是美国工人的权利。卡内基对麦克勒基及其同伙等普通工人的生活实行暴政。
It was a step backward, not a step forward.
这是倒退了一步，而不是前进了一步。
Narrator: In the spring of 1892 Carnegie had Frick roll as much armor plate as possible before the union's contract expired at the end of June.
旁白：1892 年春天，卡内基让弗里克在 6 月底工会合同到期之前尽可能多地轧制装甲板。
America's largest steel producer had decided to eliminate America's largest craft union.
美国最大的钢铁生产商决定取消美国最大的工会。
How they would do it was still uncertain.
他们将如何做仍然不确定。
Carnegie departed for his usual lengthy vacation, but this year at Loch Rannoch, in the remote Scottish Highlands.
卡内基像往常一样开始了漫长的假期，但今年却选择了位于偏远的苏格兰高地的兰诺赫湖。
Better that a champion of unions about to crush one be inaccessible to the press.
最好不要让新闻界接触到一位即将镇压工会的工会拥护者。
If Frick's terms were not accepted, Carnegie instructed him to close the plant and wait the men out.
如果弗里克的条件不被接受，卡内基指示他关闭工厂并等待人员离开。
Later he gave Frick more leeway: "We...
后来他给了弗里克更多的余地：“我们……
approve of anything you do," he wrote from England.
赞同你所做的任何事情，”他在英国写道。
"We are with you to the end."
“我们会陪你到最后。”
What Frick did was build a fence three miles long and 11 feet high around the entire plant.
弗里克所做的就是在整个工厂周围建造了一道长 3 英里、高 11 英尺的栅栏。
The workers called it "Fort Frick." On June 25th, Frick announced the company would no longer negotiate with the union but only with workers individually.
工人们称其为“弗里克堡”。 6月25日，弗里克宣布公司将不再与工会谈判，只与工人单独谈判。
Leaders of the Amalgamated were willing to concede on every issue to save their union.
联合体的领导人愿意在每个问题上做出让步以拯救他们的联盟。
They tried to reach Carnegie in Scotland -- the Carnegie who took no man's job -- but could not find him.
他们试图联系苏格兰的卡内基——那个没有接过任何人工作的卡内基——但找不到他。
"This is your chance to reorganize the whole affair," Carnegie wrote Frick.
“这是你重新组织整个事件的机会，”卡内基写信给弗里克。
"Exact good reasons for employing every man.
“雇用每个人都有充分的理由。
Far too many men required by Amalgamated rules." Carnegie did not believe there would be much of a struggle.
联合规则需要的人太多了。”卡内基不相信会有太多的斗争。
He gambled the workers would rather keep their jobs than their union.
他打赌工人们宁愿保住工作，也不愿保住工会。
But they stood firm.
但他们立场坚定。
At the end of June Frick began closing down his open hearth and armor-plate mills.
六月底，弗里克开始关闭他的平炉和平钢板厂。
He locked out 1,100 men.
他将 1,100 人拒之门外。
On July 1st, the remaining 2,400 went on strike.
7月1日，剩下的2400人举行了罢工。
The furnaces that roared like a hundred lions were quiet.
那些像百头狮子一样咆哮的熔炉安静了。
The mills that thundered like cannon were still.
像大炮一样轰鸣的磨坊静悄悄的。
Frick planned to open on July 6 and replace union workers with a non-union work force.
弗里克计划于 7 月 6 日开业，并用非工会劳动力取代工会工人。
Paul Krause, Historian: The workers believed because they had worked in the mill, they had mixed their labor with the property in the mill, they believed that in some way that property had become theirs.
保罗·克劳斯（Paul Krause），历史学家：工人们相信，因为他们在工厂工作过，所以他们将自己的劳动与工厂的财产混合在一起，他们相信在某种程度上，这些财产已经成为他们的了。
Not that it wasn't Andrew Carnegie's, not that they were the sole proprietors of the mill, but that they had an entitlement in the mill.
并不是说这不是安德鲁·卡内基的，也不是说他们是工厂的唯一所有者，而是他们拥有工厂的权利。
And I think in a fundamental way the conflict at Homestead in 1892 was about these two conflicting views of property.
我认为 1892 年霍姆斯特德发生的冲突从根本上讲就是关于这两种相互冲突的财产观的冲突。
But it also was about American rights.
但这也关系到美国的权利。
Narrator: Journalists flocked to Homestead from across the country.
旁白：记者从全国各地涌向霍姆斯泰德。
Carnegie's plants represented the future of industrial America.
卡内基的工厂代表了美国工业的未来。
At stake was what role unions would play.
关键在于工会将扮演什么角色。
Frick requested the sheriff to post notices saying he intended to protect the mill.
弗里克要求治安官张贴通知，表示他打算保护工厂。
The workers tore them down.
工人们把它们拆掉了。
He knew the sheriff could not protect the mill.
他知道治安官无法保护工厂。
But Pinkerton guards had never failed him.
但平克顿的守卫从来没有让他失望过。
Once again Frick called industrial America's hired guns.
弗里克再次称工业美国为雇佣兵。
Early in the morning of July 6, tug boats pulled two barges with 300 armed Pinkertons -- slowly up the Monongahela toward Homestead.
7 月 6 日一早，拖船拖着两艘载着 300 名武装平克顿人的驳船，缓慢地沿着莫农加希拉河向霍姆斯特德驶去。
The town stood solidly behind Mayor McLuckie.
该镇坚定地支持麦克勒基市长。
"We do not propose that Andrew Carnegie's representatives shall bulldoze us," he told the workers.
“我们不建议安德鲁·卡内基的代表推倒我们，”他告诉工人们。
"We have our homes in this town, we have our churches here...
“我们在这个镇上有我们的家，我们在这里有我们的教堂......
and our cemeteries.
和我们的墓地。
We are bound to Homestead by all the ties than men hold dearest and most sacred.
我们与霍姆斯特德的联系比人们所认为的最亲密和最神圣的联系都多。
The Carnegie Company has imported men of all nationalities in other places.
卡内基公司从其他地方引进了各个国籍的人员。
They never have imported a man into Homestead, and...
他们从来没有把一个人引进霍姆斯泰德，而且……
they never will." It was daylight in Scotland.
他们永远不会。”苏格兰此时正是白天。
Carnegie returned to the Central Highlands from nearby Aberdeen where he had dedicated a library to wild applause.
卡内基从附近的阿伯丁回到中央高地，在那里他奉献了一座图书馆，赢得了热烈的掌声。
He was eager to test a new fly in the trout streams.
他渴望在鳟鱼溪流中测试新的苍蝇。
Union lookouts were at their posts along the Monongahela.
联盟瞭望员在莫农加希拉河沿岸坚守岗位。
A Pittsburgh journalist wrote that at about 3 am a "horseman riding at breakneck speed -- dashed into the streets of Homestead giving the alarm as he sped along." Men, women and children burst from their homes and rushed to the banks of the Monongahela.
一名匹兹堡记者写道，凌晨 3 点左右，“一名骑马者以极快的速度冲进霍姆斯特德的街道，一边疾驰一边发出警报。”男人、女人和儿童冲出家门，冲向莫农加希拉河岸。
"It is evident there is no bluffing at Homestead," the New York Times had observed.
《纽约时报》评论说：“霍姆斯特德显然没有虚张声势。”
"The fight there is to be to the death."
“那里的战斗必须是你死我活。”
Shortly before sunrise, the barges landed near the pump house.
日出前不久，驳船停泊在泵房附近。
Workers begged the Pinkertons not to come ashore.
工人们恳求平克顿夫妇不要上岸。
Armed with Winchesters and pistols, the Pinkertons ignored them.
平克顿夫妇配备了温彻斯特手枪和手枪，没有理睬他们。
No one knows who fired the first shot.
没有人知道是谁开了第一枪。
For nearly 14 hours, workers and Pinkertons traded gunfire.
在近 14 个小时的时间里，工人和平克顿一家一直交火。
The strikers set a freight car on fire and rolled it down the tracks at the barges.
罢工者点燃了一辆货车，并将其滚下驳船的轨道。
They tried dynamite and pumped oil into the river to set it on fire.
他们尝试使用炸药，并向河中注入石油以点燃。
When the Pinkertons surrendered at 4 pm, three detectives and nine workers were dead or dying.
当平克顿一家于下午 4 点投降时，三名侦探和九名工人已死亡或濒临死亡。
But the workers had won the battle.
但工人们赢得了这场战斗。
Then they began to lose the war.
然后他们开始输掉战争。
Union leaders promised safe passage but could not control the mob.
工会领导人承诺安全通行，但无法控制暴徒。
Enraged workers and their wives made the Pinkertons "run the gantlet." "The men screamed for mercy," the New York World wrote.
愤怒的工人和他们的妻子迫使平克顿夫妇“发起挑战”。 “这些人尖叫着求饶，”《纽约世界》写道。
"They were beaten over the head with clubs and the butt ends of rifles.
“他们的头部被棍棒和步枪枪托殴打。
You could almost hear the skulls crack...
你几乎能听到头骨破裂的声音……
and when they finally escaped it was with...
当他们最终逃脱时，是……
blood in streams rushing down the backs of their heads.
鲜血如溪流般从他们的后脑勺流下来。
After the surrender, the barges were set aflame.
投降后，驳船被纵火焚烧。
The Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette reported: "Twilight now being about ended, the entire river front was lit up -- while 2,000 throats shouted, 'Hooray for Homestead.'"
《匹兹堡商业公报》报道称：“暮色即将结束，整个河滨都被照亮了——同时 2,000 人高呼‘霍姆斯特德万岁’”。
Carnegie cabled Frick from Scotland: "Never employ one of these rioters.
卡内基从苏格兰给弗里克发电报：“永远不要雇佣这些暴徒。
Let grass grow over works.
让草在工程上生长。
Must not fail now...
现在一定不能失败……
"But in a letter to his cousin George Lauder, he was critical of Frick.
“但在给他表弟乔治·劳德的一封信中，他批评了弗里克。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: He indicated that to him, part of the tragedy was due simply to the stupidity with which the preparations for the battle had been handled.
历史学家约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall）：他指出，对他来说，这场悲剧的部分原因在于战斗准备工作的愚蠢。
In other words he was accusing Frick of bad generalship in this, not so much accusing him of bad morals and principles in fighting the battle.
换句话说，他是在指责弗里克在这方面的指挥能力差，而不是指责他在战斗中的道德和原则不好。
Narrator: At Homestead the workers continued to protect the plant.
旁白：在霍姆斯泰德，工人们继续保护工厂。
What they thought was their plant.
他们认为是他们的植物。
They were certain the Pinkertons would be arrested.
他们确信平克顿一家会被捕。
Surprised when they were put on a night train for their protection.
当他们为了保护自己而被安排上夜行列车时，感到很惊讶。
When the workers refused to surrender the plant to the sheriff, the governor of Pennsylvania sent the militia to reclaim the mill for Carnegie Steel.
当工人们拒绝将工厂交给治安官时，宾夕法尼亚州州长派出民兵为卡内基钢铁公司夺回工厂。
Frick brought in strikebreakers to reopen the works.
弗里克请来破坏罢工的人来重新开放工厂。
The strikers' fortunes suffered another blow when Alexander Berkman, a Russian anarchist unconnected to the union, tried to assassinate Frick on behalf of the working people.
当与工会无关的俄罗斯无政府主义者亚历山大·伯克曼试图代表劳动人民暗杀弗里克时，罢工者的命运再次遭受打击。
He fired two bullets into Frick's neck and stabbed him three times.
他向弗里克的脖子开了两枪，并刺了他三刀。
Martha Frick Symington Sanger, Frick's Great Granddaughter: After Berkman's attack, a carpenter was on top of Berkman, and he had a hammer in his hand.
玛莎·弗里克·赛明顿·桑格，弗里克的曾孙女：伯克曼袭击后，一名木匠压在伯克曼身上，他手里拿着一把锤子。
And he was going to bash Berkman's head in.
他要猛击伯克曼的头。
And my great-grandfather said, and at this point, he's got the two bullet wounds in his neck, he's really bleeding to death, and knife wounds, blood all over the floor, and down his legs.
我的曾祖父说，此时，他脖子上有两处枪伤，他真的流血致死了，还有刀伤，地板上和腿上都是血。
He says to the carpenter, don't hit him, leave him to the law.
他对木匠说，别打他，让他接受法律的制裁。
Don't hit him, leave him to the law.
别打他，让他接受法律制裁。
So they take Berkman away.
所以他们把伯克曼带走了。
In the meantime, my great-grandfather suddenly got up from his desk, this was after the surgeons had dug the bullets out without any anesthesia, then he gets up and he goes back to his desk and he completes his entire day's of work and business.
与此同时，我的曾祖父突然从办公桌上站起来，这是外科医生在没有任何麻醉的情况下把子弹挖出来之后，然后他站起来，回到办公桌前，完成了他一整天的工作和事务。
tells Carnegie, don't bother, don't come home, we'll fight this strike out, even if it kills me.
告诉卡内基，别打扰，别回家，我们会反抗这次罢工，即使它会杀了我。
Narrator: Carnegie had won his victory, but at a huge price.
旁白：卡内基赢得了胜利，但也付出了巨大的代价。
His image as a radical reformer, so carefully cultivated, was in shambles.
他精心塑造的激进改革者形象现在已经支离破碎。
A Congressman from Ohio called him "the arch-sneak of this age." The Edinburgh Dispatch bewailed the strikebreaking methods "which prevail in the land of Triumphant Democracy." The St. Louis Post-Dispatch editorialized: "Ten thousand 'Carnegie Public Libraries' would not compensate the country for the direct and indirect evils resulting from the Homestead lockout.
一位来自俄亥俄州的国会议员称他为“这个时代的大骗子”。 《爱丁堡快报》对“在民主胜利的土地上盛行”的破坏罢工的方法表示哀悼。 《圣路易斯邮报》社论称：“一万个‘卡内基公共图书馆’无法补偿国家因霍姆斯特德停工而造成的直接和间接的灾难。
Say what you will of Frick, he is a brave man.
不管你怎么评价弗里克，他都是一个勇敢的人。
Say what you will of Carnegie, he is a coward.
不管你怎么评价卡内基，他都是个胆小鬼。
And gods and men hate cowards."
诸神和人类都讨厌懦夫。”
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: It's easy to say that Carnegie was a hypocrite.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：很容易说卡内基是一个伪君子。
And there is an element of hypocrisy clearly in between what he said and what was done.
他所说的和所做的之间显然存在虚伪的成分。
But it's a little too easy to simply dismiss the whole incident on Carnegie's part as an act of hypocrisy.
但简单地将卡内基的整个事件视为虚伪行为就有点太容易了。
There is this curious reason as to why Carnegie felt it necessary to even enunciate the rights of labor.
卡内基认为有必要阐明劳工权利，这有一个奇怪的原因。
Frick was the norm not Carnegie in management's relationship with labor at that time.
弗里克是当时劳资关系中的常态，而不是卡内基。
And, one can only answer it that once again it's being torn between wanting to pose as a great democrat and liberal and at the same time wanting to make sure Carnegie Steel came out on top.
而且，人们只能回答这个问题，它再次陷入左右为难的境地，既想扮演一个伟大的民主党人和自由主义者，又想确保卡内基钢铁公司脱颖而出。
Narrator: As Christmas approached, 1,800 men were out of work.
旁白：随着圣诞节的临近，1,800 名男子失业了。
Their leaders would be blackballed in the steel industry for the rest of their lives.
他们的领导人将在钢铁行业中终生受到排斥。
There would be no steel workers union for 45 years.
45年内将没有钢铁工人工会。
They lost their jobs, their homes, everything.
他们失去了工作，失去了家园，失去了一切。
Hungry men and their families had to stand outside the plant and watch what The Pittsburgh Press called "a lost paradise".
饥饿的人们和他们的家人不得不站在工厂外面，观看匹兹堡出版社所说的“失落的天堂”。
"If you look forward to a happy Christmas, not having put forth a helping hand, your turkey ought to choke you." "Europe has rung with Homestead, Homestead, until we are sick of the name," Carnegie cabled Frick from Italy.
“如果你期待一个快乐的圣诞节，却没有伸出援助之手，你的火鸡应该让你窒息。”卡内基从意大利给弗里克发来电报说：“欧洲一直在呼唤‘霍姆斯特德’，‘霍姆斯特德’，直到我们厌倦了这个名字。”
"But it is all over now.
“但现在一切都结束了。
So once again -- Happy New Year to all."
再次祝大家新年快乐。”
The year of the battle at Homestead was the year Henry Clay Frick moved back to Clayton, his elegant Victorian mansion refurbished to reflect his status as chief executive of Carnegie Steel.
霍姆斯特德之战发生的那一年，亨利·克莱·弗里克搬回克莱顿，他的优雅的维多利亚式宅邸经过翻新，以反映他作为卡内基钢铁公司首席执行官的地位。
It was here that Frick recovered from his assassination attempt.
正是在这里，弗里克从刺杀企图中恢复过来。
Carnegie stayed with the Fricks at Clayton that winter.
那年冬天，卡内基和弗里克一家住在克莱顿。
At dinner Frick amused his guests when he said to the butler, "Ask the orchestra leader to play something." Carnegie must have been pleased.
晚餐时，弗里克对管家说：“请管弦乐队领奏演奏一些东西，这逗乐了他的客人。”卡内基一定很高兴。
Just months before, he had helped with the details of shipping this elaborate automatic orchestra from Freiberg, Germany to Pittsburgh.
就在几个月前，他还帮助处理了将这个精致的自动管弦乐队从德国弗莱贝格运送到匹兹堡的细节。
Only the royalty of Europe and Maharajahs of India could afford an orchestrion.
只有欧洲皇室和印度王公才能负担得起管弦乐队的费用。
Carnegie came to Pittsburgh to talk to the workers at Homestead; to assert his full confidence in Frick as a manager.
卡内基来到匹兹堡与霍姆斯特德的工人交谈；以表明他对弗里克作为经理的充分信心。
But the surface civility hid a growing tension.
但表面的礼貌掩盖了日益加剧的紧张气氛。
Homestead had taken its toll on Frick.
霍姆斯泰德给弗里克带来了损失。
Martha Frick Symington Sanger, Frick's Great Granddaughter: Well, in 1894 my great-grandfather really essentially had a nervous collapse.
玛莎·弗里克·赛明顿·桑格 (Martha Frick Symington Sanger)，弗里克的曾孙女：嗯，1894 年，我的曾祖父确实精神崩溃了。
This man, was absolutely exhausted, he'd had two children die.
这个男人已经筋疲力尽了，他已经害死了两个孩子。
And he'd broken the back of labor, but in turn that in a way, really broke his back.
他在劳动中伤了背，但反过来，在某种程度上，也确实伤了他的背。
And Carnegie was going around telling everybody that my great-grandfather was essentially a disordered man.
卡内基到处告诉每个人，我的曾祖父本质上是一个精神错乱的人。
And my great-grandfather really turned on him and said, I am sick of your telling people that I am a disordered man.
我的曾祖父真的对他说，我厌倦了你告诉人们我是一个精神错乱的人。
I am tired of your absurd newspaper articles, your absurd interviews, your personal conduct, and your interference in matters that are absolutely no concern of yours because you happen to know nothing about them anyway.
我厌倦了你荒谬的报纸文章，你荒谬的采访，你的个人行为，以及你对那些完全不关你的事情的干涉，因为你碰巧对这些事情一无所知。
He had had it.
他已经受够了。
Narrator: Frick resigned as chief executive, but Carnegie convinced him to become chairman of the board.
旁白：弗里克辞去首席执行官职务，但卡内基说服他担任董事会主席。
With Homestead behind him, Carnegie began to challenge the world.
有了霍姆斯特德的支持，卡内基开始向世界挑战。
He invested in new machinery -- to further cut labor costs.
他投资了新机器——以进一步降低劳动力成本。
He began to rebuild all his plants.
他开始重建他所有的工厂。
His profits in 1893 were three million, four million in '94.
1893 年他的利润为 300 万，94 年为 400 万。
His oldest partners began to cry for dividends.
他最年长的合伙人开始要求分红。
"There is between 6 and 7 millions" available wrote his cousin George Lauder in 1895.
1895 年，他的表弟乔治·劳德 (George Lauder) 写道：“可用的数量在 6 到 700 万之间。”
"Why do you not make dividends?" Another wrote of a ship forever in sight of port but never landing.
“为什么不分红？”另一篇文章写道，一艘船永远在港口的视野中，却从未着陆。
Brother Tom's widow began to write asking for her share.
汤姆弟兄的遗孀开始写信索要她的那一份。
There were no dividends because Carnegie continued to reinvest the profits.
没有股息，因为卡内基继续将利润进行再投资。
He secured a vast supply of cheap iron ore in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota, invested in lake boats to bring the ore through the Great Lakes, built his own railroads to haul the ore from the shores of Lake Erie to Pittsburgh.
他在明尼苏达州梅萨比山脉获得了大量廉价铁矿石供应，投资了湖船将矿石运过五大湖，建造了自己的铁路将矿石从伊利湖岸运到匹兹堡。
He kept hammering at costs, running his plants full.
他不断地降低成本，让工厂满负荷运转。
And it paid off.
它得到了回报。
In 1896 he drove the price of rails from $28 a ton to 18 -- and to capture some orders as low as 14 a ton.
1896 年，他将钢轨的价格从每吨 28 美元提高到 18 美元，并获得了一些低至每吨 14 美元的订单。
His competitors were astonished.
他的竞争对手们都大吃一惊。
By 1900 Carnegie was producing more steel than the entire steel industry of Great Britain.
到 1900 年，卡内基生产的钢铁数量超过了英国整个钢铁工业的产量。
John Ingham, Historian: Carnegie sets a standard for American industry.
历史学家约翰·英厄姆：卡内基为美国工业制定了标准。
And I think that the fact that America grows to become by the turn of the century, the greatest industrial nation in the world and an industrial nation that far outstrips any of the other nations by that point in time, to a large extent has to be credited to someone like Carnegie.
我认为，美国在世纪之交成为世界上最伟大的工业国家，并且在当时远远超过其他任何国家，这在很大程度上要归功于卡内基这样的人。
I think he stood the American industrial world on its ear.
我认为他对美国工业界很重视。
I think he stood the world on its ear, in many ways.
我认为他在很多方面都站在世界的一边。
And so that he introduced into America, and into the world a whole new way of doing business.
因此，他向美国乃至世界引入了一种全新的经商方式。
A whole new way of making products.
一种全新的产品制造方式。
And stamped this on the American industrial scene very indelibly.
这在美国工业界留下了不可磨灭的印记。
Narrator: For decades to come the effects of low cost steel would ripple across America and spur the growth of a middle class.
旁白：在未来几十年里，低成本钢铁的影响将波及整个美国，并刺激中产阶级的增长。
In Pittsburgh Carnegie contracted with dozens of outside suppliers -- and hired thousands of clerks, chemists, and other salaried workers who made three times as much as the average worker on wages.
在匹兹堡，卡内基与数十家外部供应商签订了合同，并雇用了数千名职员、化学家和其他受薪工人，他们的工资是普通工人的三倍。
But it was not a good time to be a steel worker.
但现在并不是成为一名钢铁工人的好时机。
In the 20 years after Carnegie broke the union, productivity tripled, but the income of skilled workers went up only by half.
卡内基打破工会后的20年里，生产力增加了两倍，但技术工人的收入只增加了一半。
It never went up for unskilled workers.
对于非熟练工人来说，这一数字从未上升。
They barely eked out a living.
他们勉强维持生计。
Without a union neither the skilled nor the unskilled had the power to bargain for more.
如果没有工会，技术人员和非技术人员都没有能力讨价还价。
Paul Krause, Historian: Periodically in 1898, 1899 and again after the turn of the century, workers tried to reorganize and at each juncture, Carnegie was able to foil their efforts, largely because he had an elaborate system of corporate spying.
历史学家保罗·克劳斯（Paul Krause）：在 1898 年、1899 年以及世纪之交之后，工人们周期性地试图进行重组，而在每个关键时刻，卡内基都能够挫败他们的努力，很大程度上是因为他拥有一套复杂的企业间谍系统。
In every Carnegie mill in Duquesne, in Braddock, in Homestead all the mills up and down the Monongahela Valley, Carnegie had men working for him who kept his subordinates well informed on the initiatives of troublesome workers, would-be organizers.
在杜肯、布拉多克、霍姆斯泰德的每一家卡内基工厂，莫农加希拉山谷上下的所有工厂里，卡内基都有人为他工作，他们让他的下属充分了解那些麻烦的工人、潜在的组织者的倡议。
Narrator: At Homestead the sense of community was gone.
旁白：在霍姆斯特德，社区意识消失了。
Observers noted "grimy men with sallow and lean faces." A remark often heard was "If you want to talk at Homestead, you must talk to yourself." Carnegie saw none of this when he returned to Homestead on a rainy day in 1898 to dedicate a library.
观察家注意到“肮脏的男人，脸色蜡黄、瘦削”。经常听到的一句话是“如果你想在霍姆斯特德说话，你必须对自己说话”。 1898 年，当卡内基在一个雨天回到霍姆斯泰德为一座图书馆举行落成典礼时，他并没有看到这一切。
He was bouyed that day by his gift of a grand building that housed, like the one at Braddock, a library, a concert hall, a swimming pool, bowling alleys and a gymnasium.
那天，他收到了一座宏伟建筑的礼物，这座建筑就像布拉多克的那座建筑一样，里面有图书馆、音乐厅、游泳池、保龄球馆和体育馆，这让他很高兴。
He recalled the unpleasant events of six years earlier.
他回忆起了六年前的那些不愉快的事情。
"By this meeting," Carnegie said, "all the regretful thoughts, all the unpleasant memories, are forever in the deep bosom of the ocean buried.
卡内基说：“通过这次会面，所有遗憾的想法、所有不愉快的记忆，都将永远埋藏在海洋深处。
Henceforth, we are to think of Homestead as we see it today." But years later, writing his autobiography, Carnegie revealed that the unpleasant memories still floated to the surface.
从今以后，我们将按照我们今天所看到的方式来看待霍姆斯特德。”但多年后，卡内基在写自传时透露，那些不愉快的记忆仍然浮出水面。
"Nothing...
“没什么……
in all my life, before or since, wounded me so deeply," he wrote.
在我的一生中，无论是之前还是之后，都深深地伤害了我，”他写道。
"No pangs remain of any wound received in my business career save that of Homestead." Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: I don't think Carnegie was ever able to acknowledge his responsibility for Homestead.
“除了霍姆斯特德，我的商业生涯中所受的任何创伤都没有留下任何痛苦。”约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：我认为卡内基从未承认过他对霍姆斯特德的责任。
He had a very convenient memory.
他的记忆力非常好。
He became convinced that he was unavailable, could not have been contacted, events were taken out of his hands, that he didn't know about Homestead until it was all over.
他开始确信自己无法联系到，无法联系到，事情已经脱离了他的控制，直到一切结束他都不知道霍姆斯特德的事。
He became convinced that he had known he would have insisted that no Pinkerton guards be brought in.
他确信他知道自己会坚持不让平克顿警卫进来。
He became convinced that it was a totally unnecessary tragedy and that he had been one of the victims just as much as the workers.
他开始相信这是一场完全不必要的悲剧，他和工人们一样都是受害者之一。
Narrator: He said at the dedication that had he been there to talk to the men, the tragedy would not have occurred.
旁白：他在落成仪式上说，如果他当时在场与这些人交谈，悲剧就不会发生。
It was a swipe at Henry Clay Frick.
这是对亨利·克莱·弗里克的猛烈抨击。
The tension of 20 years came to a head two years later in 1900 when Frick tried to raise the price of coke.
两年后的 1900 年，当弗里克试图提高焦炭价格时，长达 20 年的紧张关系达到了顶峰。
Carnegie was furious and ousted Frick from the board.
卡内基勃然大怒，将弗里克逐出了董事会。
Then Carnegie invoked an agreement allowing him to buy Frick's shares at far less than market value.
然后卡内基援引一项协议，允许他以远低于市场价格的价格购买弗里克的股票。
Frick would lose millions.
弗里克将损失数百万美元。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Carnegie called on Frick and said that he was going to have to leave the company.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：卡内基拜访了弗里克，并表示他将不得不离开公司。
Frick swung on him, said, "I always knew you were a God damned cheat," and for the first time since he had been a child, someone actually dared physical force against the little Scotsman.
弗里克对着他说：“我一直都知道你是个该死的骗子。”自从他还是个孩子以来，这是第一次有人真正敢对这个小苏格兰人使用武力。
Martha Frick Symington Sanger, Frick's Great Granddaughter: My great-grandfather said, "I have known for years you are nothing but a God damn thief.
玛莎·弗里克·赛明顿·桑格，弗里克的曾孙女：我的曾祖父说：“多年来我就知道你只不过是一个该死的小偷。
And we will see what the courts of Allegheny County have to say about this." Narrator: Frick sued Carnegie for the market value of his shares.
我们将看看阿勒格尼县法院对此有何评论。”旁白：弗里克就其股票的市值起诉卡内基。
"The clash of Steel Kings" was the greatest private law suit in the history of the country.
“钢铁王的冲突”是该国历史上最大的私人诉讼。
It forced open the books of a closely held partnership, and the press had a field day.
它迫使一家封闭式合伙企业的账目公开，媒体也大肆宣传。
Frick was out, but he walked away with $31 million.
弗里克出局了，但他带着 3100 万美元离开了。
He was the only person to challenge Carnegie and win.
他是唯一一个挑战卡内基并获胜的人。
There was another crisis in 1900.
1900年又发生了一次危机。
A bigger one.
更大的。
Customers stopped buying Carnegie steel.
客户不再购买卡内基钢铁。
Forty thousand tons of steel used to fashion rods, tubes and nails were cancelled by the finishing plants.
精加工工厂取消了用于制作棒材、管材和钉子的四万吨钢材。
Financier J.
金融家J.
P.
P。
Morgan was buying up the finishing plants and building his own furnaces.
摩根正在买下精加工工厂并建造自己的熔炉。
He was mounting a major challenge to Carnegie.
他正在向卡内基提出重大挑战。
Harold Livesay, Historian: Carnegie had no doubt that he could compete with Morgan's steel firms and in fact that he could drive them out of business.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛（Harold Livesay）：卡内基毫不怀疑他可以与摩根的钢铁公司竞争，事实上他可以将它们赶出市场。
And he had every reason to believe this.
他完全有理由相信这一点。
He knew that Morgan's firms couldn't match his costs, they were inefficient, they didn't have the kind of technology that Carnegie's plants had, they had a lot of stockholders to pay dividends to.
他知道摩根的公司无法与他的成本相匹配，他们效率低下，他们没有卡内基工厂所拥有的技术，他们有很多股东需要支付股息。
They had a lot of borrowed money to pay interest on.
他们借了很多钱来支付利息。
They simply could not compete with Carnegie Steel.
他们根本无法与卡内基钢铁公司竞争。
Narrator: "It is a question of survival of the fittest," Carnegie wired his board.
旁白：“这是一个适者生存的问题，”卡内基给他的董事会发来了电报。
He was confident that within five years, 10 at most, he could eliminate Morgan, and the world of steel would be his.
他有信心，五年内，最多十年，他可以消灭摩根，钢铁世界将是他的。
But he was almost 65.
但他已经快65岁了。
He wanted to spent more time with Louise and their daughter, Margaret.
他想花更多的时间陪伴路易丝和他们的女儿玛格丽特。
And he wanted time for a life of philanthropy.
他希望有时间从事慈善事业。
Carnegie stood where few men have -- on the edge of total triumph in his field.
卡内基站在了很少有人能做到的地方——在他的领域取得彻底胜利的边缘。
But he wondered whether to take the next step.
但他想知道是否要采取下一步行动。
The choice for Morgan was simpler -- buy Carnegie out or be crushed.
摩根的选择更简单——要么买下卡内基的股份，要么被压垮。
He attended a dinner in New York that was a tribute to the chief executive who replaced Frick -- Charles Schwab.
他参加了在纽约举行的一场晚宴，该晚宴旨在向接替弗里克的首席执行官嘉信理财 (Charles Schwab) 致敬。
Schwab wanted Carnegie to sell, and unknown to Carnegie, approached Morgan after the dinner.
施瓦布希望卡内基出售，而卡内基并不知情，他在晚宴后找到了摩根。
Morgan was interested if Carnegie would sell.
摩根对卡内基是否愿意出售感兴趣。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Schwab went to Mrs. Carnegie who was even more eager than Schwab to get Carnegie out of business.
约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔（Joseph Frazier Wall），历史学家：施瓦布去找卡内基夫人，她比施瓦布更渴望让卡内基破产。
Homestead had been a very severe blow to her as well as her husband.
霍姆斯特德对她和她的丈夫来说都是一个非常严重的打击。
She wanted him to start practicing his gospel of wealth full scale.
她希望他开始全面实践他的财富福音。
And so it was Mrs. Carnegie who suggested to Schwab that he discuss this whole issue with Carnegie on the golf course when Carnegie was the most relaxed and most happy about things and she also suggested that to make sure that Andrew won the golf match.
所以卡内基夫人建议施瓦布在卡内基最轻松、最高兴的时候在高尔夫球场上与卡内基讨论整个问题，并且她还建议这样做，以确保安德鲁赢得这场高尔夫球比赛。
Harold Livesay, Historian: Schwab approaches Carnegie on the golf course and suggests that Carnegie consider a sale.
历史学家哈罗德·利夫赛 (Harold Livesay)：施瓦布在高尔夫球场上接近卡内基，并建议卡内基考虑出售。
Carnegie tells him to come back the next day.
卡内基告诉他第二天再来。
When he gets there Carnegie hands him a piece of paper on which Carnegie has listed the components of the total price for which he's willing to sell Carnegie Steel.
当他到达那里时，卡内基递给他一张纸，卡内基在上面列出了他愿意出售卡内基钢铁的总价格的组成部分。
Schwab carries this to Morgan.
施瓦布把这个交给摩根。
Morgan takes one look at it and says, "I accept this price."
摩根看了一眼，说道：“这个价格我接受。”
Narrator: Morgan paid $480 million and joined Carnegie's mills with his own to create the United States Steel Corporation.
旁白：摩根支付了 4.8 亿美元，将卡内基的钢厂与他自己的钢厂联合起来，创建了美国钢铁公司。
"That was that," Carnegie's biographer wrote.
“就是这样，”卡内基的传记作者写道。
"The biggest sale in American industrial history consummated with all the formality of an errand boy's taking a shopping list to the corner grocery store." Morgan suggested that Carnegie come down to his office on Wall Street and shake hands on the deal.
“美国工业史上最大的一次销售，就像一个跑腿的男孩拿着一份购物清单去街角的杂货店一样，完成了所有的手续。”摩根建议卡内基来到他在华尔街的办公室并就这笔交易握手。
Carnegie wrote back: "It is just about as far from Wall Street to Fifty-First Street as it is from Fifty-First to Wall." Morgan ventured uptown.
卡内基回信说：“从华尔街到五十一街的距离与从五十一街到华尔街的距离差不多。”摩根冒险前往住宅区。
Joseph Frazier Wall, Historian: Morgan said "Congratulations, Mr. Carnegie, you are now the richest man in the world." And Carnegie said, "I wonder if I could have gotten $100 million more.
历史学家约瑟夫·弗雷泽·沃尔：摩根说“恭喜卡内基先生，你现在是世界上最富有的人了。”卡内基说：“我想知道我是否还能再得到 1 亿美元。
I probably should have asked for that." And Morgan said, "If you had, you would have gotten it." Narrator: Carnegie would soon become the new Laird of Pittencrieff.
我可能应该提出这样的要求。”摩根说：“如果你有的话，你就会得到它。”旁白：卡内基很快就会成为皮滕克里夫的新领主。
He bought the park -- and then gave it to Dunfermline for everyone to enjoy.
他买下了这个公园，然后把它交给了邓弗姆林供每个人享用。
Carnegie called this gift "the most soul-satisfying" one he ever made.
卡内基称这份礼物是他做过的“最令灵魂满足的”礼物。
In all he gave away $350 million.
他总共捐出了 3.5 亿美元。
When he could not give it away fast enough, he created the Carnegie Corporation in New York to give it away for him.
当他无法足够快地赠送它时，他在纽约创建了卡内基公司来为他赠送它。
He then devoted his energies to world peace.
此后，他将自己的全部精力奉献给了世界和平。
He was one of the first to talk of a"league of nations" -- and built a "Palace of Peace" at The Hague, known since as the World Court.
他是最早提出“国际联盟”的人之一，并在海牙建造了一座“和平宫”，后来被称为世界法院。
He foresaw the era of summitry and began to lobby world leaders especially Kaiser Wilhelm whose ambitions for Germany were inflaming tensions in Europe.
他预见到了峰会时代的到来，并开始游说世界领导人，尤其是威廉皇帝，他对德国的野心正在加剧欧洲的紧张局势。
He offered to pay for Theodore Roosevelt's African safari if Roosevelt would meet the Kaiser on his way home.
如果罗斯福能在回家的路上与德皇会面，他愿意支付西奥多·罗斯福的非洲游猎费用。
"I have written the President that the 'big game' he should bag when relieved from office are the rulers of the world," Carnegie wrote a Scottish friend.
卡内基在给一位苏格兰朋友的信中写道：“我写信给总统，他卸任后应该将世界的统治者纳入囊中。”
Carnegie flooded Roosevelt with advice on how he should tell the Kaiser that the mission of insuring peace rested upon him.
卡内基向罗斯福提出了大量建议，告诉他应该如何告诉德皇，确保和平的使命落在他身上。
When Teddy Roosevelt finally met the Kaiser, he delivered Carnegie's peace message -- and then, for five hours, reviewed the Kaiser's troops.
当泰迪·罗斯福最终会见德皇时，他传达了卡内基的和平信息，然后用五个小时检阅了德皇的军队。
In 1913 Carnegie recounted his own meeting with the Kaiser -- and how he hailed him as "our strongest ally" in the cause of peace.
1913 年，卡内基讲述了他自己与德皇的会面，以及他如何称赞德皇是和平事业中“我们最强大的盟友”。
A year later it was a beautiful August day at Skibo when word reached Carnegie that World War I had begun.
一年后，在斯基博八月一个美丽的日子里，卡内基收到了第一次世界大战开始的消息。
He had just finished his Autobiography.
他刚刚完成了他的自传。
The last chapter recalled his efforts to insure world peace.
最后一章回顾了他为确保世界和平所做的努力。
"The world disaster was too much," Louise would recall.
“世界灾难太严重了，”路易丝回忆道。
"His heart was broken".
“他的心碎了”。
Civilized Europe was not moving "onward and upward" but plunging downward into Hell.
文明的欧洲并没有“前进、向上”，而是坠入地狱。
With Britain mobilizing for war, Carnegie left his beloved Skibo for the last time that September, 1914.
1914 年 9 月，随着英国动员参战，卡内基最后一次离开了他心爱的斯基博。
Although he lived another five years, the last entry in his autobiography was the day World War I began.
尽管他又活了五年，但他自传的最后一个条目是第一次世界大战开始的那一天。
In his later years, the story goes, Carnegie sent a messenger down Fifth Avenue to the mansion of his old partner Henry Clay Frick.
据说，在晚年，卡内基派了一名信使沿着第五大道来到他的老搭档亨利·克莱·弗里克的宅邸。
Carnegie had not seen Frick since the law suit and wanted to meet again and tidy up the past.
自从诉讼之后，卡内基就没有见过弗里克，他想再次见面，收拾一下过去。
Frick would not let him get away with it.
弗里克不会让他得逞。
The message came back from Frick, "Tell Mr. Carnegie I'll meet him in Hell where we are both going." Carnegie's vision had no room for Hell.
弗里克发回消息：“告诉卡内基先生，我会在我们要去的地狱见他。”卡内基的愿景中没有地狱的余地。
Well before he died, he approved the murals at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh.
在他去世之前，他批准了匹兹堡卡内基研究所的壁画。
They present the world as he saw it, an industrial utopia where "all is well since all grows better." It is a world of idealized steel workers -- engaged in noble toil -- and enveloped in smoke.
它们呈现出他眼中的世界，一个工业乌托邦，“一切都变得更好，所以一切都很好”。这是一个理想化的钢铁工人的世界，他们从事着崇高的劳动，但笼罩在烟雾之中。
Of powerful blast furnaces emerging from smoke.
强大的高炉从烟雾中冒出。
Of engines running fast and running full.
发动机快速运转且满负荷运转。
Everywhere smoke.
到处都是烟。
Rising to form Heaven itself.
上升形成天堂本身。
Dominating the scene is a Knight in black steel armour, rising higher and higher.
主导场面的是一位身穿黑钢铠甲的骑士，步步高升。
Onward and upward.
向前和向上。
It is Carnegie's fairy tale where everything turns out all right.
这是卡内基的童话，一切都会好起来的。
From his 1835 birth in Scotland to his 1919 death in Massachusetts — the life of Andrew Carnegie.
从 1835 年在苏格兰出生到 1919 年在马萨诸塞州去世——安德鲁·卡内基的一生。
Andrew Carnegie helped build the formidable American steel industry, a process that turned a poor young man into the richest man in the world.
安德鲁·卡内基帮助建立了强大的美国钢铁工业，这个过程使一个贫穷的年轻人变成了世界上最富有的人。
The bitter conflict in 1892 at his steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania revealed Andrew Carnegie's conflicting beliefs regarding the rights of labor.
1892 年，安德鲁·卡内基 (Andrew Carnegie) 位于宾夕法尼亚州霍姆斯特德 (Homestead) 的钢铁厂发生的激烈冲突揭示了他对劳工权利的矛盾信念。
Andrew Carnegie's relentless efforts to drive down costs and undersell the competition made his steel mills the models for the entire industry.
安德鲁·卡内基不懈地努力降低成本并在竞争中低价销售，使他的钢铁厂成为整个行业的典范。
When Carnegie joined the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1853, trains carried a sense of wonder.
1853 年卡内基加入宾夕法尼亚铁路时，火车带来了一种奇妙的感觉。
At six cents a mile, a ride didn't come cheap, but it guaranteed a thrill.
每英里六美分，乘车费用并不便宜，但它保证了刺激。
Henry Clay Frick's stormy partnership with Andrew Carnegie proved to be his worst mistake, scarring his reputation and costing him control of his own company.
亨利·克莱·弗里克（Henry Clay Frick）与安德鲁·卡内基（Andrew Carnegie）的激烈合作被证明是他最严重的错误，损害了他的声誉并导致他失去了对自己公司的控制权。
Andrew Carnegie made his fortune and then, unlike any industrialist of his time, began systematically to give it away.
安德鲁·卡内基（Andrew Carnegie）创造了自己的财富，然后与他那个时代的任何实业家不同，他开始有系统地捐出财富。
The most influential person in Andrew Carnegie's life was most likely his mother, who resided with him until her death.
安德鲁·卡内基一生中最有影响力的人很可能是他的母亲，她一直和他住在一起直到去世。
Of all the writers that Carnegie read and studied throughout his life, he said that the English philosopher Herbert Spencer was the one who influenced him most.
卡内基一生阅读和研究的所有作家中，他说英国哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞是对他影响最大的一位。
Andrew Carnegie embodied the American dream: the immigrant who went from rags to riches.
安德鲁·卡内基体现了美国梦：白手起家的移民。
During the "Gilded Age," every man was a potential Andrew Carnegie, and Americans who achieved wealth celebrated it as never before.
在“镀金时代”，每个人都是潜在的安德鲁·卡内基，获得财富的美国人前所未有地庆祝这一点。