George H.W. Bush
Part 1 Narrator: September 2, 1944, was what Navy pilots called CAVU — ceiling and visibility unlimited.
第 1 部分旁白：1944 年 9 月 2 日，海军飞行员将其称为“CAVU”——升限和能见度不受限制。
It would be Ensign George H.
那将是乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush's 50th mission in his three-man Avenger bomber.
布什驾驶三人复仇者轰炸机执行第 50 次任务。
He was commissioned in 1943 at age 19, the youngest pilot in the U.S. Navy.
1943 年，19 岁的他入伍，成为美国海军最年轻的飞行员。
Bush had seen action in June over the Mariana Islands in one of the biggest air battles of the Pacific War.
六月份，布什亲眼目睹了太平洋战争中规模最大的空战之一马里亚纳群岛上空的战斗。
The target September 2nd was a Japanese radio tower on the tiny island of Chichi Jima.
9 月 2 日的目标是父岛小岛上的一座日本无线电塔。
Bush dove into black puffs of anti-aircraft fire.
布什冲进黑色的防空火力之中。
"Suddenly, I felt the plane jolt," he remembered, "and the smoke started pouring in." He finished his bombing run, banked out to sea so the crew could get out, and then bailed out himself.
“突然，我感到飞机摇晃起来，”他回忆道，“烟雾开始涌入。”他完成了轰炸任务，向海上倾斜以便机组人员可以撤离，然后自己跳伞。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: Looked up and the parachute had been ripped up.
布什：抬头一看，降落伞已经被撕破了。
Landed in the water.
Landed in the water.
Swam over, got into my little life raft.
游了过去，钻进了我的小救生筏。
Narrator: The submarine U.S.S.
旁白：美国潜艇
Finback , on patrol for downed pilots, rescued him.
芬贝克在寻找被击落的飞行员时救了他。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: I remember seeing that submarine surface.
布什：我记得看到了潜艇表面。
And I remember pulling along side and I remember a bunch of bearded guys standing there.
我记得我在旁边拉着车，我记得一群留着胡子的家伙站在那里。
Narrator: For the next month, George Bush joined the Finback's crew.
旁白：下个月，乔治·布什加入了长须鲸号的船员队伍。
Aboard he agonized about the fate of his gunner Ted White and radioman John Delaney.
在船上，他为炮手特德·怀特和无线电员约翰·德莱尼的命运感到痛苦。
One went down with the plane.
其中一架与飞机一起坠落。
The other's chute never opened.
另一个的降落伞从未打开。
"It still plagues me if I gave those guys enough time to get out," the former flyboy said with quiet emotion almost 60 years later.
近 60 年后，这位前飞行员平静地说道：“如果我给那些家伙足够的时间让他们离开，我仍然会感到困扰。”
"I think about those guys all the time."
“我一直在想那些家伙。”
Timothy Naftali, biographer: He was an emotive, an emotional leader, much more emotional than people thought.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），传记作者：他是一位情绪化、情绪化的领导者，比人们想象的要情绪化得多。
He cried quite readily.
他很容易就哭了。
One thing that made George Bush a less appealing candidate was that he refused to show his emotions.
乔治·布什成为一名不太有吸引力的候选人的原因之一是他拒绝表露自己的情绪。
That's not what a man did -- a man of his generation and of his upbringing.
这不是一个男人所做的事——一个他那一代人和他所受的教育的人。
And so the public saw a slightly awkward man who didn't seem quite ready to share his true self with them.
因此，公众看到了一个有点尴尬的人，他似乎还没有准备好与他们分享他的真实自我。
When you got to know him, the human side, the emotional side was there.
当你了解他时，你会发现他人性的一面、情感的一面就在那里。
It came out.
它出来了。
Narrator: "I'll never forget the beauty of the Pacific," Bush would write about the watches he stood at night.
旁白：“我永远不会忘记太平洋的美丽，”布什会这样描述他晚上所站的手表。
He had time to think about "how much family meant to me."
他有时间思考“家庭对我来说有多重要”。
Narrator: George Herbert Walker Bush grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut in a family that came from Ohio and became one of New England's prominent families.
旁白：乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什在康涅狄格州格林威治的一个来自俄亥俄州的家庭长大，后来成为新英格兰的显赫家族之一。
His grandfather, Samuel Bush, made his fortune in railroads in Columbus.
他的祖父塞缪尔·布什在哥伦布的铁路行业发家致富。
His father, Prescott, went to Yale and remained in the East.
他的父亲普雷斯科特去了耶鲁大学并留在了东部。
Prescott Bush was a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman, the most prestigious investment bank on Wall Street at a time when the influence of the WASP establishment in America, the white Anglo Saxon Protestants, was near its peak.
普雷斯科特·布什是华尔街最负盛名的投资银行布朗兄弟哈里曼银行的合伙人，当时美国白人盎格鲁撒克逊新教徒的 WASP 势力的影响力已接近顶峰。
Averell Harriman, Prescott's colleague and the firm's founding partner, was an aide to President Franklin Roosevelt in World War II.
普雷斯科特的同事、该公司的创始合伙人艾夫里尔·哈里曼 (Averell Harriman) 是二战期间富兰克林·罗斯福总统的助手。
He then became U.S. ambassador in Moscow.
随后他成为美国驻莫斯科大使。
His partner Robert Lovett was Assistant Secretary of War.
他的搭档罗伯特·洛维特是助理战争部长。
After the war they were among a group known as the "Wise Men" who helped President Truman fashion the policy of containing the Soviet Union.
战后，他们属于被称为“智者”的一群人，帮助杜鲁门总统制定遏制苏联的政策。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Prescott Bush was very much at home with the wise men, the essentially bipartisan, consensus-seeking, post-World War II statesmen.
理查德·诺顿·史密斯，总统历史学家：普雷斯科特·布什非常熟悉这些智者，这些智者基本上是两党合作、寻求共识的二战后政治家。
If you think of people like Robert Lovett, they didn't run for office, they exercised enormous power and influence from appointed positions.
如果你想想像罗伯特·洛维特这样的人，他们并不是竞选公职，而是通过任命的职位行使巨大的权力和影响力。
Evan Thomas, co-author, The Wise Men : Even when Bush was a schoolboy in the 1930's at a time when America was isolationist, these men, these Wall Street financiers, were acutely conscious that America had to stay involved in the world, partly for financial reasons.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），《智者》合著者：即使布什在 1930 年代还是一名学生，当时美国奉行孤立主义，但这些人，这些华尔街金融家，就敏锐地意识到，美国必须继续参与世界事务，部分原因是出于经济原因。
I mean, Brown Brothers Harriman did business all around the world.
我的意思是，布朗兄弟哈里曼在世界各地开展业务。
They did business in France, in Germany, and in England.
他们在法国、德国和英国做生意。
But also because of this American tradition of spreading democracy and standing up for democracy and standing up for, as they saw it, for right against wrong.
但也因为美国传播民主、捍卫民主以及在他们看来坚持正义反对错误的传统。
Narrator: George Bush was raised in this milieu -- people of wealth who devoted themselves to government service.
旁白：乔治·布什是在这样的环境中长大的——那些致力于政府服务的富有的人。
His father, who later became a Senator, was the moderator of the Greenwich town meeting when George was a boy.
他的父亲后来成为参议员，乔治小时候是格林威治镇会议的主持人。
He was George's model for public service.
他是乔治公共服务的典范。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: Prescott Bush wanted his children to understand was that there was a world beyond the boundaries of Greenwich, and that they were expected to give something back to that world, whether it be through business, whether it be through public service, or whether it be through military service.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：普雷斯科特·布什希望他的孩子们明白，在格林威治的边界之外还有一个世界，他们应该回馈这个世界，无论是通过商业、公共服务还是兵役。
Narrator: Young George also bore the strong influence of his mother, Dorothy Walker Bush.
旁白：年轻的乔治也受到了他母亲多萝西·沃克·布什的强烈影响。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: It was my grandmother who taught my Dad the basic lessons in life that he still adheres to.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：是我的祖母教会了我父亲生活中的基本课程，他至今仍然坚持这一点。
One time my dad was playing soccer in elementary school, and he came in and he was thrilled with himself because he'd scored three goals, and he said, "Mom, I've scored three goals." And he said, "Mom, I've scored three goals." And she said, "Well, that's nice, George, but how did the team do?
有一次，我爸爸在小学踢足球，他进来了，他对自己很兴奋，因为他进了三个球，他说：“妈妈，我进了三个球。”他说：“妈妈，我进了三个球。”她说：“嗯，这很好，乔治，但是团队表现如何？
He always heard her voice in his head, saying, "Don't brag about yourself." And that's hard to do when you're running for President of the United States.
他脑子里总听见她的声音，“别吹牛了。”当你竞选美国总统时，这是很难做到的。
Narrator: The Finback , Bush would write, "moved like a porpoise, water lapping over its bow, the sea changing colors, first jet black, then sparkling white.
旁白：布什写道，长须鲸“像海豚一样移动，海水拍打着它的船头，海水变换着颜色，先是漆黑，然后是闪闪发光的白色。
It reminded me of home and our family vacations in Maine." Bush was the fourth generation of his mother's family to summer at Walker's Point in Kennebunkport.
这让我想起了家乡和我们一家人在缅因州的假期。”布什是他母亲家族中第四代在肯纳邦克港的沃克角避暑的人。
It would become his spiritual home.
那里将成为他的精神家园。
George bore the name of his grandfather, George Herbert Walker, for whom the Walker's Cup, an international golf trophy, was named.
乔治以其祖父乔治·赫伯特·沃克（George Herbert Walker）的名字命名，国际高尔夫奖杯“沃克杯”就是以他的名字命名的。
His competitive spirit came from the Walkers.
他的竞争精神来自步行者队。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: My grandmother was a champion tennis player.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：我的祖母是一名网球冠军。
She would play tennis until her feet were blistered and raw.
她会打网球，直到双脚起泡、生皮。
She loved competition.
她热爱竞争。
She was a great golfer.
She was a great golfer.
She was a great baseball player.
她是一位出色的棒球运动员。
One time she hit a home run, rounded the bases, and then went on to the hospital to give birth to my father's oldest brother, Prescott.
有一次，她打出了一个本垒打，绕过了垒，然后去医院生下了我父亲的大哥普雷斯科特。
Narrator: George Bush was captain of his baseball team at Andover, a prestigious prep school in Massachusetts.
旁白：乔治·布什是马萨诸塞州著名预科学校安多佛棒球队的队长。
In fielding drills he would charge the plate from first base, "right down the baseline, streaking in," a biographer would write, "laughing with the pure joy of contest.
在守备训练中，他会从一垒冲上本垒，“直接冲到底线，冲进去，”一位传记作家写道，“带着纯粹的比赛乐趣大笑。
That's why he was the one for captain.
这就是为什么他是队长的人选。
It was the glint of Walker steel his teammates saw.
他的队友们看到的是沃克钢铁般的光芒。
They wanted their team to be like that." At Andover Bush listened to radio broadcasts on the history of aviation in America.
他们希望他们的团队成为这样的人。”在安多佛，布什收听了有关美国航空历史的广播。
ANNC radio (archival): Wings Over America...
ANNC 电台（档案）：飞越美国...
Welcome to Yale Unit Base #1, ladies and gentlemen...
欢迎来到耶鲁大学一号基地，女士们、先生们……
Narrator: A group of wealthy aristocratic Yale students, including Robert Lovett, his father's business partner, turned their college "aero" club into the First Yale Unit.
旁白：一群富有的耶鲁贵族学生，其中包括他父亲的商业伙伴罗伯特·洛维特，将他们大学的“航空”俱乐部变成了耶鲁第一单位。
The "millionaire's unit," as the press dubbed it, became the nucleus of the navy air corps and an inspiration for George to become a naval aviator.
这支被媒体称为“百万富翁的部队”的部队成为了海军航空队的核心，也是乔治成为一名海军飞行员的灵感来源。
ANNC radio (archival): Our standard long-range bombardment airplane is known in the Air Corps as the B-17, the Boeing Flying Fortress.
ANNC 无线电（档案）：我们的标准远程轰炸机在空军中被称为 B-17，即波音飞行堡垒。
Narrator: "Today our world is presented with the clearest issue between right and wrong which has ever been presented to it," Andover's commencement speaker warned on June 14, 1940 shortly after Hitler launched his blitzkrieg.
旁白：1940 年 6 月 14 日，在希特勒发起闪电战后不久，安多弗的毕业典礼演讲者警告说：“今天，我们的世界面临着有史以来最清晰的是非问题。”
The speaker was Henry L.
The speaker was Henry L.
Stimson, a Republican, a Wall Street lawyer, the very embodiment of the East coast establishment.
史汀生是一名共和党人，一名华尔街律师，是东海岸当权派的典型代表。
Two days later President Franklin Roosevelt, a Democrat, named him Secretary of War.
两天后，民主党总统富兰克林·罗斯福任命他为战争部长。
Evan Thomas, co-author, The Wise Men: : When Bush was an impressionable schoolboy, a 16-year-old schoolboy, he heard Henry Stimson give a speech about the coming threat from Nazism, from fascism, that it was the duty of the country to stand up to fascism.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），《智者》合著者：当布什还是一个易受影响的小学生时，一个16岁的小学生，他听到亨利·史汀生发表了一场关于纳粹主义、法西斯主义即将到来的威胁的演讲，指出对抗法西斯主义是国家的责任。
This is 1940.
This is 1940.
This is early in the game.
这是游戏的早期阶段。
A lot of Americans are still isolationists.
许多美国人仍然是孤立主义者。
But Stimson's telling these schoolboys, "Look, it's up to you, to you young leaders, future leaders of America, to stand up to evil and fight back."
但史汀生告诉这些学生，“看，这取决于你们，你们这些年轻的领导人，美国未来的领导人，勇敢地面对邪恶并进行反击。”
Narrator: These were words the 16-year-old sophomore never forgot.
Narrator: These were words the 16-year-old sophomore never forgot.
Stimson, whom Bush regarded as "a towering world figure", returned to Andover two years later and urged the graduating class to go to college before joining the service.
被布什视为“杰出的世界人物”的史汀生两年后回到安多弗，并敦促毕业生在入伍前先读大学。
Bush rejected both Stimson's advice and his father's.
布什拒绝了史汀生和他父亲的建议。
Later that day, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy.
当天晚些时候，他加入了美国海军。
It was June 12, 1942, his 18th birthday.
那是1942年6月12日，他18岁生日。
Barbara Bush, wife: His father took him to Penn Station, and George said his father put his arms around him and had tears in his eyes when he said good-bye.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：他的父亲带他去了宾州车站，乔治说，他的父亲用双臂搂着他，道别时眼里含着泪水。
Narrator: That was, Bush recalled, the first time he saw his father cry.
旁白：布什回忆道，那是他第一次看到父亲哭泣。
From the Finback , Bush wrote his girl back home, "I hope my own children never have to fight a war." Friends disappearing.
布什在长须鲸号上写信给他的女儿回家，“我希望我自己的孩子永远不必打仗。” Friends disappearing.
Lives being extinguished.
生命即将熄灭。
It's just not right." Barbara Pierce grew up in Rye, New York.
It's just not right."芭芭拉·皮尔斯在纽约州拉伊长大。
Her father, who became the publisher of McCall's magazine, commuted to New York on the same train as Prescott Bush.
Her father, who became the publisher of McCall's magazine, commuted to New York on the same train as Prescott Bush.
When Barbara was 16 she met George, age 17, at a Christmas dance in Greenwich.
芭芭拉 16 岁时，在格林威治的圣诞舞会上认识了 17 岁的乔治。
Barbara Bush, wife: Well, he was the handsomest living human I ever saw, and maybe the nicest, most relaxed.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：嗯，他是我见过的最英俊的在世人，也许也是最友善、最放松的人。
They played a waltz and he said, "I can't waltz." So we sat down and talked, and that was sort of it.
他们跳了一支华尔兹，他说：“我不会跳华尔兹。” So we sat down and talked, and that was sort of it.
But I fell in love at first sight, practically.
但实际上我一见钟情。
Narrator: George's mother invited Barbara to Kennebunkport when he was on leave in August 1943.
Narrator: George's mother invited Barbara to Kennebunkport when he was on leave in August 1943.
Barbara Bush, wife: His whole family was up here.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：他的全家都在这里。
And we were never left alone.
我们从来没有被孤立过。
Had four uncles and four young brides, and a grandmother and grandfather and his mother and father.
有四个叔叔和四个年轻的新娘，还有祖母和祖父以及他的母亲和父亲。
So we had to walk around outside.
所以我们只好到外面走走。
And we sort of got engaged secretly.
And we sort of got engaged secretly.
We were way too young to be engaged.
我们还太年轻，无法订婚。
Narrator: Barbara waited for two years while George Bush flew 58 combat missions, logged 1,208 hours of flying time and made 126 carrier landings.
旁白：芭芭拉等了两年，而乔治·布什执行了 58 次战斗任务，飞行时间为 1,208 小时，并进行了 126 次航母着陆。
On January 6, 1945, Barbara Pierce married, she would come to say, "the first man I ever kissed."
1945 年 1 月 6 日，芭芭拉·皮尔斯 (Barbara Pierce) 结婚，她会说，“这是我吻过的第一个男人。”
Narrator: After the war, Bush followed his father and his brother Prescott and entered Yale.
旁白：战后，布什跟随父亲和弟弟普雷斯科特进入耶鲁大学。
Two and one-half years later, he had a degree in economics, Phi Beta Kappa -- and a son.
Two and one-half years later, he had a degree in economics, Phi Beta Kappa -- and a son.
George W.
乔治·W.
was born in New Haven in 1946.
1946年出生于纽黑文。
Like his father, Bush was tapped for Skull and Bones, Yale's most elite secret society.
和他的父亲一样，布什被任命为耶鲁大学最精英的秘密社团骷髅会。
Henry Stimson, now retired as Secretary of War, presided over his initiation.
现已退休的战争部长亨利·史汀生主持了他的入会仪式。
Despite his admiration for his father and for Stimson, Bush did not follow them into the world of finance.
Despite his admiration for his father and for Stimson, Bush did not follow them into the world of finance.
All three of his brothers did.
All three of his brothers did.
Barbara Bush, wife: He told me, "I want to work with something I can touch.
芭芭拉·布什（Barbara Bush）的妻子：他告诉我，“我想从事一些我能触摸到的事情。
I don't want to work on Wall Street with money, and I don't want to go into a sort of family business.
I don't want to work on Wall Street with money, and I don't want to go into a sort of family business.
I really want to work with something I can touch."
I really want to work with something I can touch."
Ajax commercial (archival): Use Ajax, boom boom, the foaming cleanser.
Ajax commercial (archival): Use Ajax, boom boom, the foaming cleanser.
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: One of his very first job interviews, maybe his first, was at Procter & Gamble.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74 年：他的第一次工作面试之一，也许是他的第一次，是在宝洁公司。
He had an interview.
He had an interview.
And he got rejected, got turned down for the job.
And he got rejected, got turned down for the job.
And I asked him one day, I said, "Have you ever thought about that much, how your life might have been totally different?
And I asked him one day, I said, "Have you ever thought about that much, how your life might have been totally different?
And he said, "I'd probably been a lousy soap salesman." Actually he said, "It helped me, because I thought: You know, I'm going to show these people that I do have the right stuff.
And he said, "I'd probably been a lousy soap salesman."事实上他说，“这对我有帮助，因为我想：你知道，我要向这些人展示我确实拥有正确的东西。
I'm going to go out and make it somewhere else."
I'm going to go out and make it somewhere else."
Narrator: Lured by the romance of a post-war oil boom, the Bushes headed to West Texas.
Narrator: Lured by the romance of a post-war oil boom, the Bushes headed to West Texas.
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: He wants an adventure.
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: He wants an adventure.
He wants a challenge.
He wants a challenge.
And there was nothing more challenging than Wildcatting oil.
没有什么比野猫石油更具挑战性的了。
This is the greatest adventure you can have on the continent -- on the United States continent after World War II.
这是您在二战后的美国大陆上可以经历的最伟大的冒险。
It's the closest thing to uncharted territory that you can have.
这是您所能拥有的最接近未知领域的东西。
Narrator: George Bush started in the oil business in Odessa in 1948 painting spare pumps for $375 a month.
Narrator: George Bush started in the oil business in Odessa in 1948 painting spare pumps for $375 a month.
He was on a management track, but within two years, with two children to support, he struck out on his own as a wildcatter.
他原本是一名管理人员，但两年之内，由于要抚养两个孩子，他开始了自己的冒险生涯。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: George got investments from his uncle Herbie, his father, and people like Eugene Meyer of the Washington Post.
Herbert Parmet, biographer: George got investments from his uncle Herbie, his father, and people like Eugene Meyer of the Washington Post.
It was not only a way to make a fortune.
It was not only a way to make a fortune.
It was a way for him to stake out on his own.
It was a way for him to stake out on his own.
Narrator: Bush's company Zapata Petroleum hit it big in 1954.
旁白：布什的公司萨帕塔石油公司 (Zapata Petroleum) 于 1954 年取得了巨大成功。
Five years later George and Barbara moved to Houston, the headquarters of Zapata Offshore.
五年后，乔治和芭芭拉搬到了萨帕塔离岸公司的总部休斯顿。
George was prospering as its president, but there was a void in their lives.
乔治作为总统事业蒸蒸日上，但他们的生活却一片空白。
They hoped that Barbara, who was pregnant, could fill it.
他们希望怀孕的芭芭拉能够填补这个空缺。
Their second child, Robin, had been born in 1949.
他们的第二个孩子罗宾出生于 1949 年。
She was diagnosed with leukemia when she was three.
她三岁时被诊断出患有白血病。
Their doctor advised them to let her die at home.
他们的医生建议他们让她在家中死去。
Instead, they took her to New York's Sloan Kettering Hospital.
相反，他们带她去了纽约斯隆凯特琳医院。
Yale classmate Lud Ashley visited daily.
Yale classmate Lud Ashley visited daily.
Lud Ashley, classmate: George was running the household back in Texas, flying up weekends -- flying from Texas when it used to take eight or nine hours to fly to New York.
路德·阿什利（Lud Ashley），同学：乔治回到德克萨斯州打理家务，周末乘飞机从德克萨斯州起飞，而以前飞往纽约需要八九个小时。
Barb was there all the time.
Barb was there all the time.
Almost 24 hours a day.
Almost 24 hours a day.
In all my years I've seen such a strength of character as she showed during that desperately difficult time.
在我的这些年里，我看到了她在那段极度困难的时期所表现出的坚强的性格。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: My Dad told me that he had trouble looking into her eyes and comforting her and doing the things he wanted to do.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：我爸爸告诉我，他很难看着她的眼睛安慰她，也很难做他想做的事情。
My mom was the one who was able to hold her hand and love her and comfort her.
我的妈妈是那个能够握住她的手、爱她、安慰她的人。
But then later on, when my mom fell apart after Robin died, it was my dad who looked in her eyes and held her hand, and gave her the strength to go on.
但后来，当罗宾去世后，我妈妈崩溃了，是我爸爸看着她的眼睛，握住了她的手，给了她继续前进的力量。
Narrator: Robin died on October 12, 1953, two months before her fourth birthday.
旁白：罗宾于 1953 年 10 月 12 日去世，距离她四岁生日还有两个月。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: I believe that the death of Robin sobered George Bush and turned him into an adult that could be an empathetic politician, that could be an individual who could strike on civil rights and disabilities for Americans.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：我相信罗宾的死让乔治·布什清醒了过来，并将他变成了一个成年人，一个可以成为一个有同情心的政治家，一个可以打击美国人的公民权利和残疾人的个人。
I really think that it was that important.
I really think that it was that important.
Narrator: In the late 1950s, after the birth of Jeb in 1953, Neil in 1955 and Marvin in 1956, Bush wrote a letter to his mother: "There is about our house a need.
旁白：20世纪50年代末，在杰布（1953年）、尼尔（1955年）和马文（1956年）出生后，布什给他的母亲写了一封信：“我们的房子有需要。
We need some starched crisp frocks to go with all our torn-kneed blue jeans and helmets.
我们需要一些浆过的挺括连衣裙来搭配我们所有破烂的蓝色牛仔裤和头盔。
We need some soft blond hair to offset those crew cuts.
我们需要一些柔软的金发来抵消这些平头。
We need a dollhouse to stand firm against our forts and rackets and thousand baseball cards.
我们需要一个玩具屋来抵御我们的堡垒、球拍和数千张棒球卡。
We need someone to cry when I get mad -- not argue.
当我生气时，我们需要有人哭泣，而不是争论。
We need a little one who can kiss without leaving egg or jam or gum.
我们需要一个可以接吻而不留下鸡蛋、果酱或口香糖的小孩子。
We need a girl."
We need a girl."
Jeb Bush, son: I read that letter in my mom's book, and actually listened to it on tape.
杰布·布什，儿子：我在妈妈的书中读到了这封信，并且实际上在磁带上听到了它。
I was driving home on I-95, the traffic was going crazy, and I started crying uncontrollably.
我沿着 95 号州际公路开车回家，交通堵塞，我开始无法控制地哭泣。
I had to stop in the middle of this interstate.
I had to stop in the middle of this interstate.
I called my mother up to tell her how much I loved her and how much I loved my dad, and she of course -- her immediate response was, "You didn't read the book.
我打电话给我的母亲，告诉她我有多么爱她，我有多么爱我的父亲，当然，她的第一反应是：“你没有读过这本书。
You had to wait for the tape to come out." She gave me grief for that.
你必须等待磁带出来。”她为此感到悲伤。
But it was pretty typical of my dad to write those kinds of letters.
但写这类信是我父亲的典型做法。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: I just learned this story a few years ago, on my birthday, when my mom wished me a happy birthday and she told me that she remembered the day I was born, that Dad came to the nursery and pressed his face against the glass and sobbed.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：几年前，我生日那天，我才知道这个故事，当时我妈妈祝我生日快乐，她告诉我，她记得我出生的那天，爸爸来到托儿所，把脸贴在玻璃上抽泣。
Narrator: The success of Zapata Petroleum, Bush recalled, "gave me the financial base to risk going into public life." George's father, Prescott Bush, was a Republican senator from Connecticut.
旁白：布什回忆说，萨帕塔石油公司的成功“给了我冒险进入公共生活的经济基础”。乔治的父亲普雷斯科特·布什是康涅狄格州的共和党参议员。
"I knew what motivated him, "George would write, "He'd made his mark in the business world.
“我知道他的动力是什么，”乔治写道，“他在商界留下了自己的印记。
Now he felt he had a debt to pay."
Now he felt he had a debt to pay."
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Noblesse oblige has become a pejorative, but it wasn't always a pejorative.
理查德·诺顿·史密斯，总统历史学家：“Noblesse oblige”已经成为一个贬义词，但它并不总是一个贬义词。
The notion of an American meritocracy, which is what the wise men represent, that's the old Eastern establishment.
美国贤能政治的理念，即智者所代表的理念，是古老的东方体制。
It isn't simply the nexus of power.
It isn't simply the nexus of power.
It's the obligation to use that power in a responsible way, not for one's own benefit, but for what you sincerely believe to be the benefit of your fellow countrymen.
这是以负责任的方式使用权力的义务，不是为了自己的利益，而是为了你真诚地相信的同胞的利益。
Prescott Bush represented that establishment.
Prescott Bush represented that establishment.
His son had one foot in that establishment.
His son had one foot in that establishment.
Narrator: During his ten years in the Senate, Prescott Bush was a moderate, or Eisenhower Republican.
旁白：在参议院的十年里，普雷斯科特·布什是一位温和派，或者说艾森豪威尔共和党人。
He was pragmatic and non-ideological, believed in balanced budgets and was pro-business.
他务实、非意识形态，相信平衡预算并且支持商业。
He was also pro-civil rights and a social liberal.
他也是民权主义者和社会自由主义者。
Prescott had joined the Senate when he was 57.
Prescott had joined the Senate when he was 57.
His wife said if he had run earlier, he would have been President.
他的妻子说，如果他早点竞选，他就会成为总统。
His son would not make that mistake.
His son would not make that mistake.
George decided to enter politics when he was 38.
George decided to enter politics when he was 38.
He faced an obstacle his father never had.
He faced an obstacle his father never had.
The Republican Party in Texas hardly existed.
The Republican Party in Texas hardly existed.
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: You could probably have held a precinct meeting in a phone booth then.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74：那时您可能可以在电话亭举行分区会议。
That's how many Republicans were around.
That's how many Republicans were around.
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III, friend: My first wife was from Ohio.
Baker, III, friend: My first wife was from Ohio.
And that's a big Republican state.
And that's a big Republican state.
And when we moved back here from Austin after law school, she conducted the precinct convention in my living room, and one guy showed up.
当我们从法学院毕业后从奥斯汀搬回这里时，她在我的客厅主持了分区大会，一个人出现了。
I served him drinks.
I served him drinks.
I mean that's how limited the Republican participation was in Texas back in those days.
我的意思是，当时德克萨斯州共和党的参与是多么有限。
Narrator: Houston's few Republicans, Bush among them, were members of the establishment -- country club Republicans.
旁白：休斯顿的少数共和党人，其中包括布什，都是建制派的成员——乡村俱乐部的共和党人。
Their party was about to change.
Their party was about to change.
The radical anti-communist John Birch Society tried to take it over.
激进的反共约翰伯奇协会试图接管它。
Birchers thought President Eisenhower was a communist -- he had appointed a Chief Justice who turned out to be a liberal.
伯奇斯认为艾森豪威尔总统是一名共产主义者——他任命了一位首席大法官，结果却发现他是一名自由主义者。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: The country club Republicans, the establishment, what I call the big-government Republicans even in those days, they would be uncomfortable with true believers.
理查德·维盖里（Richard Viguerie），保守派活动家：乡村俱乐部共和党人、建制派，我所说的大政府共和党人，即使在那些日子里，他们也会对真正的信徒感到不舒服。
People who really had deeply held philosophical, ideological beliefs makes establishment Republicans uncomfortable, quite frankly.
坦率地说，那些真正有着深刻的哲学、意识形态信仰的人会让共和党建制派感到不舒服。
Narrator: In 1962 Bush was asked to run for chairman of the Harris County Republican Party to keep the Birchers out.
旁白：1962 年，布什被要求竞选哈里斯县共和党主席，以将伯奇家族排除在外。
It was his first political campaign.
It was his first political campaign.
"I'm not voting for 'nother country club asshole," one of the right-wingers said.
“我不会投票给‘另一个乡村俱乐部混蛋’，”一名右翼人士说道。
"Y'can jus' fergit it."
"Y'can jus' fergit it."
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: George stepped right into the middle of it.
马乔里·阿什特（Marjorie Arsht），政治支持者：乔治正好介入其中。
And you know, I have loved George Bush for 40 years, but he does have one failing.
你知道，我爱乔治·布什 40 年了，但他确实有一个缺点。
He does not recognize an enemy.
He does not recognize an enemy.
Barbara Bush, wife: My dad at that time was president of McCall Corporation, and they printed and published Red Book, Blue Book, and McCall's .
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：我父亲当时是麦考尔公司的总裁，他们印刷出版了红皮书、蓝皮书和麦考尔的。
And they sent out -- one meeting we went to, the lights went out, someone was speaking, and papers were all passed down.
他们发出了——我们参加了一次会议，灯灭了，有人在讲话，文件都被传递了。
When the lights went on, it said, "Mrs. Bush's father is a Communist.
When the lights went on, it said, "Mrs. Bush's father is a Communist.
He prints the Red Book .
He prints the Red Book .
Crazy.
疯狂的。
They said things like, " George is a Rockefeller plant," or, you know, "He grew up in the east.
他们说，“乔治是洛克菲勒的后裔”，或者，你知道，“他在东部长大。
He's not one of us." "He's liberal."
He's not one of us." "He's liberal."
Narrator: After he won his race, Bush wanted to give some Birchers positions in the party.
旁白：布什赢得竞选后，想给伯彻一些党内职位。
"George, you don't know these people," a colleague warned.
“乔治，你不认识这些人，”一位同事警告道。
"They mean to kill you."
"They mean to kill you."
Victor Gold, friend: George Bush's instinct politically is to bring people together, to be a uniter.
维克多·戈尔德（Victor Gold），朋友：乔治·布什在政治上的本能是将人们聚集在一起，成为一个团结者。
And so he didn't come in in a confrontational style, slam the door and throw all the Birchers out.
所以他并没有以对抗的方式进来，关上门，把所有的伯奇人都赶出去。
His idea was, "Let's get the Birchers and have some common meeting ground with them, because if we want to beat Democrats, if we want to we need those people.
他的想法是，“让我们找到伯奇党并与他们建立一些共同的会面，因为如果我们想击败民主党，如果我们想的话，我们需要这些人。
Narrator: Bush saw another opportunity to expand the party after groundbreaking legislation on civil rights was introduced in June 1963 by President John Kennedy.
旁白：1963 年 6 月约翰·肯尼迪总统提出开创性的民权立法后，布什看到了另一个扩大政党规模的机会。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy (archival): Next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act, to make a commitment it has not fully made in this century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law.
肯尼迪（档案）：下周我将要求美国国会采取行动，做出本世纪尚未完全做出的承诺，即种族在美国生活或法律中没有地位。
Narrator: Civil rights was about to tear the country, and the Democratic Party, apart.
旁白：民权即将撕裂这个国家和民主党。
Many Democrats in the South were committed to segregation.
南方的许多民主党人都致力于种族隔离。
As they saw their party support integration, they began to seek refuge in the Republican Party.
当他们看到自己的政党支持一体化时，他们开始向共和党寻求庇护。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Poor white workers in Texas and elsewhere felt there was a threat, of all these hordes of blacks becoming unleashed and competing with them for status and jobs.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：德克萨斯州和其他地方的贫困白人工人感到存在威胁，所有这些成群结队的黑人都被释放出来，与他们争夺地位和工作。
And so you have the mass turnover to Republican Party in the South, state after state.
因此，南方各州的共和党人都纷纷转向共和党。
Narrator: Among the disgruntled Democrats in Houston were dockworkers who felt their jobs would be threatened by African American workers.
旁白：休斯顿心怀不满的民主党人中有码头工人，他们认为自己的工作会受到非裔美国工人的威胁。
They sought out the new Republican chairman, George Bush.
他们找到了新任共和党主席乔治·布什。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: They were segregationists.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：他们是种族隔离主义者。
They were trying to maintain conservative control over Harris County.
他们试图维持保守派对哈里斯县的控制。
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: And I didn't like them being Republicans, because I thought it gave our party a bad name.
马乔里·阿什特（Marjorie Arsht），政治支持者：我不喜欢他们成为共和党人，因为我认为这给我们的政党带来了坏名声。
George didn't see a thing wrong with it.
乔治并不认为这有什么问题。
He was eager to expand the Republican Party, and he felt the only way to expand it was to attract Democrats.
他渴望扩大共和党的规模，他认为扩大共和党的唯一方法就是吸引民主党。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Bush thought they were crazy.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：布什认为他们疯了。
But he thought that politically he had to accommodate himself to them.
但他认为在政治上他必须适应他们。
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: I didn't think they were crazy.
马乔里·阿什特（Marjorie Arsht），政治支持者：我不认为他们疯了。
I thought they were very dangerous.
我认为他们非常危险。
They wanted to convince the world that the Republican Party was now going to be a segregationist extension of the old Democrats.
他们想让世界相信共和党现在将成为旧民主党的种族隔离主义延伸。
The Democrats called me up and congratulated me on getting those bastards out of their party.
民主党给我打电话，祝贺我把那些混蛋赶出了他们的党。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: Throughout his political career, George Bush often seemed to lack a sense of principle.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利，传记作者：在乔治·布什的政治生涯中，他似乎常常缺乏原则感。
As a candidate, he often sacrificed principle for political gain.
作为候选人，他经常为了政治利益而牺牲原则。
Narrator: If he did something unsavory to advance his career and his party, the result would be momentous.
旁白：如果他为了自己的事业和政党的发展而做了一些令人不快的事情，那么结果将是重大的。
The people Bush accommodated in 1963 would support Senator Barry Goldwater for President in 1964 and thereafter Ronald Reagan.
布什在 1963 年接待的人民将在 1964 年支持参议员巴里·戈德华特 (Barry Goldwater) 竞选总统，此后又支持罗纳德·里根 (Ronald Reagan)。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: And they become the nucleus of the new Republican Party, not only in Texas but across the country.
理查德·维格里（Richard Viguerie），保守派活动人士：他们成为新共和党的核心，不仅在德克萨斯州，而且在全国范围内。
And this was the beginning of the conservative movement, and to this day it serves as the base of the Republican Party.
这就是保守派运动的开始，直到今天它仍然是共和党的基础。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: You could say that George Herbert Walker Bush was in on the creation, with this organization of Harris County Republicans, because that's where it began.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：你可以说乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什参与了哈里斯县共和党组织的创建，因为这就是它的起点。
Think of what that started.
想想那是从什么开始的。
Narrator: The party that George Bush created in Houston in 1963 grew into the party which he would lead -- and struggle with -- as president.
旁白：乔治·布什 1963 年在休斯敦创建的政党后来发展成为他作为总统领导并与之斗争的政党。
Barry Goldwater (archival): Those who do not care for our cause we don't expert to enter our ranks in any case.
巴里·戈德华特（档案）：那些不关心我们事业的人无论如何都不会加入我们的行列。
Narrator: The champion of Americans who had flocked to the Sun Belt in the 1950s, Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona led a sagebrush insurgency in 1964 against the Eastern establishment.
旁白：亚利桑那州参议员巴里·戈德华特 (Barry Goldwater) 是 20 世纪 50 年代涌入阳光地带的美国人的拥护者，他在 1964 年领导了一场针对东部当权派的山艾树叛乱。
He ran against big government, the New Deal, labor unions, and liberal or "Rockefeller" Republicans.
他反对大政府、新政、工会和自由派或“洛克菲勒”共和党人。
Everything Prescott Bush represented, Goldwater saw as a threat to individual freedom.
戈德华特将普雷斯科特·布什所代表的一切视为对个人自由的威胁。
Barry Goldwater (archival): I would remind you that extremism in defense of liberty is no vice.
巴里·戈德华特（档案）：我想提醒您，捍卫自由的极端主义并不是罪恶。
Narrator: Prescott Bush tried to keep Goldwater off the ticket.
旁白：普雷斯科特·布什试图阻止戈德华特参选。
George Bush ran for U.S. Senate, embraced Goldwater, and begged his father to keep quiet.
乔治·布什竞选美国参议员，拥抱了戈德华特，并恳求他的父亲保持安静。
After winning the first Republican primary in Texas history, Bush tried to unseat liberal Democratic Senator Ralph Yarborough.
在赢得德克萨斯州历史上第一次共和党初选后，布什试图推翻自由民主党参议员拉尔夫·亚伯勒(Ralph Yarborough)。
It was a bold move for someone who had only been a county party chairman.
对于一个只当过县委书记的人来说，这是一个大胆的举动。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Ralph Yarborough is the darling of the AFL-CIO bosses, and the committee on political education...
布什（档案）：拉尔夫·亚伯勒是美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会老板和政治教育委员会的宠儿......
I'd like my children to be able to pray in school if they want to.
如果我的孩子愿意的话，我希望他们能够在学校祈祷。
And I'd like that right to be a part of our constitution.
我希望这项权利成为我们宪法的一部分。
Campaign film narrator: Young George, the oldest Bush boy, is a college freshman.
竞选影片旁白：年轻的乔治是布什最年长的男孩，是一名大学新生。
He spent his entire summer working at Bush headquarters, assembling campaign materials, answering phones and sweeping up too...
他整个夏天都在布什总部工作，收集竞选材料、接听电话、打扫卫生……
We think George Bush is quite a man.
我们认为乔治·布什是一个非常有风度的人。
A real American.
一个真正的美国人。
A real Republican.
一个真正的共和党人。
A responsible conservative.
一个负责任的保守派。
Narrator: Bush ran to the right.
旁白：布什跑到右边。
He denounced the United Nations, and pledged to vote against Kennedy on civil rights.
他谴责联合国，并承诺在民权问题上投票反对肯尼迪。
Like Barry Goldwater, he argued federal enforcement of civil rights was a violation of states' rights.
和巴里·戈德华特一样，他认为联邦执行公民权利侵犯了各州的权利。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: George Bush was anxious to launch his political career.
理查德·维格里（Richard Viguerie），保守派活动家：乔治·布什急于开始他的政治生涯。
And there was a fervor in the Republican Party for conservative principles in those days, and that was not his ideology but he felt that in order to get elected, I will go along, I won't try to convert people to my belief, I will flow with them.
当时共和党内有一种对保守主义原则的狂热，这不是他的意识形态，但他觉得为了当选，我会跟着走，我不会试图让人们皈依我的信仰，我会跟随他们。
Narrator: On November 22, 1963, a Houston Chronicle poll showed Goldwater leading President John Kennedy by 50,000 votes.
旁白：1963 年 11 月 22 日，《休斯敦纪事报》的一项民意调查显示，戈德华特以 50,000 票的优势领先总统约翰·肯尼迪。
Kennedy came to Dallas to gain support and to heal a rift between liberal and conservative Democrats in Texas.
肯尼迪来到达拉斯是为了获得支持并弥合德克萨斯州自由派和保守派民主党人之间的裂痕。
Kennedy's assassination that day completely changed the political landscape.
肯尼迪那天的遇刺彻底改变了政治格局。
Shirley Green, Texas Republican: After the assassination, it was awfully uphill.
雪莉·格林，德克萨斯州共和党人：暗杀事件发生后，情况非常艰难。
Not that anybody gave up, I must say, starting with him.
我必须说，从他开始，并不是有人放弃了。
It was a real, real vigorous contest, because he inspired so many new people to come to the Republican side.
这是一场真正的、真正激烈的竞争，因为他激励了很多新人来到共和党一边。
Narrator: Although Bush got 200,000 more votes in the state than Barry Goldwater, more than any Republican ever had, Texans voted the ticket led by their native son, the new President, Lyndon Johnson.
旁白：尽管布什在该州获得的选票比巴里·戈德华特多了 20 万张，比任何一位共和党人都多，但德克萨斯人还是把票投给了他们的亲生儿子、新任总统林登·约翰逊。
Bush was trounced.
布什被打败了。
He was also haunted by some of the far right positions he had taken, especially his pledge to vote against the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
他还为自己所采取的一些极右立场所困扰，尤其是他承诺投票反对 1964 年民权法案。
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: And George Bush wrote me a letter saying that he was so troubled about this vote, because he didn't want his children or anyone to consider that he was voting against integration.
马乔里·阿什特，政治支持者：乔治·布什给我写了一封信，说他对这次投票感到非常不安，因为他不想让他的孩子或任何人认为他投票反对融合。
Narrator: Two years later, George Bush ran for Congress from a Houston district more moderate than Texas as a whole.
旁白：两年后，乔治·布什从比整个德克萨斯州更为温和的休斯顿选区竞选国会议员。
He was elected handily, the first Republican Congressman from Houston since Reconstruction.
他轻松当选，成为重建以来第一位来自休斯顿的共和党国会议员。
One issue he faced was about to explode.
他面临的一个问题即将爆发。
African Americans took to the streets in 1967 demanding that the civil rights movement include fair housing.
1967 年，非裔美国人走上街头，要求民权运动包括公平住房。
Lyndon Johnson (archival): I am asking Congress to bar discrimination in housing and to secure very basic rights for every citizen of this land.
林登·约翰逊（档案）：我要求国会禁止住房歧视，并确保这片土地上每个公民的基本权利。
I am doing it for one reason because it is right.
我这样做的原因只有一个，因为它是正确的。
And I am doing it in the name of millions of Americans, both white and Negro, who object to treating their fellow citizens one way on the battlefield and another way in the country that they're fighting to defend.
我是以数百万美国人（包括白人和黑人）的名义这样做的，他们反对在战场上以一种方式对待他们的同胞，而在他们所保卫的国家却以另一种方式对待他们的同胞。
Narrator: In 1967 President Johnson proposed to ban racial discrimination in housing.
旁白：1967年，约翰逊总统提议禁止住房方面的种族歧视。
His Fair Housing bill came to the floor for a vote on April 10th.
他的公平住房法案于 4 月 10 日提交投票。
Once again the race issue would force George Bush to take a stand.
种族问题再次迫使乔治·布什表明立场。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): You got to wrestle with your conscience.
布什（档案）：你必须与你的良心搏斗。
You got to listen to people.
你必须倾听人们的意见。
It doesn't come so easy to me that this is right and that's wrong.
对我来说，判断这个是对的、那个是错的并不那么容易。
It's never that simple.
事情从来没有那么简单。
The tough votes are the ones you agonize over and then you do what you think is right.
艰难的选票是那些让你苦恼的选票，然后你就做你认为正确的事情。
Narrator: Bush did not vote as a Goldwater Republican.
旁白：布什没有作为戈德华特共和党人投票。
He supported Lyndon Johnson.
他支持林登·约翰逊。
Many in his district were outraged.
他所在地区的许多人都感到愤怒。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: Dad got a lot of death threats.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：爸爸收到了很多死亡威胁。
People called up on the phone.
人们拨通了电话。
Velma Johnson, an African American staff member in my dad's office, picked up the phone, and the person on the other end was rambling and screaming ugly, nasty things.
维尔玛·约翰逊（Velma Johnson）是我父亲办公室的一名非洲裔美国工作人员，她拿起电话，电话那头的人正在胡言乱语，尖叫着丑陋、肮脏的东西。
Tears were streaming down her face.
泪水从她的脸上流下来。
My dad grabbed the phone from her and said, "I don't know who this is.
我爸爸从她手里夺过电话，说道：“我不知道这是谁。
This is George Bush.
这是乔治·布什。
Don't you ever call here again and treat anyone on my staff like that again."
你以后不要再打电话到这里，再这样对待我的员工。”
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: He was threatened and denounced, and vilified for having betrayed his political constituents.
马乔里·阿什特，政治支持者：他因背叛政治选民而受到威胁、谴责和诽谤。
And there was one woman who had been a big supporter of George's.
有一位女士一直是乔治的大力支持者。
And she wrote him a letter and said that she felt that she'd been violated, and that he would never be welcome in her house again.
她给他写了一封信，说她觉得自己受到了侵犯，而且她家再也不会欢迎他了。
Robert Mosbacher, political supporter: Mainline Republicans in those days were against open housing.
罗伯特·莫斯巴赫（Robert Mosbacher），政治支持者：当时主流共和党人反对开放住房。
And they were absolutely convinced that they were against him, would never vote for him, would vote for recall.
他们绝对相信他们反对他，永远不会投票支持他，会投票支持罢免。
I offered to talk to some of his main money backers, because a lot of them were furious at him.
我主动提出与他的一些主要资金支持者交谈，因为他们中的很多人都对他感到愤怒。
And he said, "No, no. Just get them together and I'll talk to them."
他说：“不，不。让他们聚在一起，我会和他们谈谈。”
Narrator: Bush prepared to meet not just his funders but the rank and file.
旁白：布什不仅准备会见他的资助者，还准备会见普通民众。
Chase Untermeyer, Congressional intern: He said that he was going to face a angry crowd and that he was being fitted for iron underpants for whatever they might decide to do when they had him on the griddle.
国会实习生蔡斯·昂特迈尔（Chase Untermeyer）：他说他将面对愤怒的人群，并且他正在为他穿上铁内裤，以便他们在将他放在煎锅上时可能决定做什么。
Narrator: On April 17, 1968, Congressman Bush addressed a hostile audience of 400 at Houston's Memorial High School.
旁白：1968 年 4 月 17 日，布什国会议员在休斯敦纪念高中向 400 名充满敌意的听众发表讲话。
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: There were boos, hisses.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74：有嘘声和嘶嘶声。
It was ugly.
太丑了。
There was sheet lightning in that auditorium that night.
那天晚上那个礼堂里出现了片状闪电。
They were out to get George Bush.
他们是来抓乔治·布什的。
They were unhappy with George Bush.
他们对乔治·布什不满意。
It was not a pretty scene.
这不是一个美丽的场景。
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: I thought my heart would just really stop.
马乔里·阿什特（Marjorie Arsht），政治支持者：我以为我的心脏真的会停止跳动。
I was so afraid of what might happen.
我非常害怕可能发生的事情。
People said he ought to be killed.
人们说他应该被杀。
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: Once all the hubbub died down, he defended his vote on that piece of legislation.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74 年：当所有喧嚣平息后，他为自己对该法案的投票进行了辩护。
Narrator: "Your representative owes you not only his industry, but his judgment," Bush told his audience, quoting 18th century philosopher Edmund Burke, "and he betrays instead of serving you, if he sacrifices his judgment to your opinion.
旁白：“你们的代表不仅欠你们勤奋，还欠你们判断力，”布什引用 18 世纪哲学家埃德蒙·伯克的话说，“如果他为了你们的意见而牺牲自己的判断力，那么他就背叛了你们，而不是为你们服务。
I voted from conviction," he explained, "not out of intimidation or fear but because of a feeling deep in my heart that this was the right thing for me to do." Earlier that year, Bush had visited U.S. troops fighting in Vietnam.
我出于信念而投票，”他解释说，“不是出于恐吓或恐惧，而是因为我内心深处的感觉，这对我来说是正确的事情。”那年早些时候，布什参观了在越南作战的美国军队。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: When he went to Vietnam in 1968, he came back with a very strong sense of outrage that although blacks were so prominent in the American military, and so prominent among those who were giving their lives, that they were treated so poorly in this country.
传记作家赫伯特·帕尔梅特：1968 年，当他去越南时，他带着一种非常强烈的愤慨回来了，尽管黑人在美国军队中如此突出，在那些献出生命的人中如此突出，但他们在这个国家却受到如此恶劣的对待。
Narrator: Now, Bush asked his audience, "How would you feel about a black American veteran of Vietnam returning home, only to be denied the freedom that we, as white Americans, enjoyed?
旁白：现在，布什问他的听众：“如果一名美国黑人退伍军人回国，却被剥夺了我们作为美国白人所享有的自由，你会有何感想？
Somehow it seems fundamental that a man should not have a door slammed in his face because he is a Negro or speaks with a Latin American accent."
不知何故，一个人不应该因为他是黑人或说话带有拉丁美洲口音而被关上门，这似乎是基本的。”
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: And I'll tell you by the time that speech was over, the atmosphere in that auditorium had changed considerably.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74：我会告诉你，当演讲结束时，礼堂里的气氛已经发生了很大的变化。
It had transformed.
它已经转变了。
Marjorie Arsht, political supporter: It was one of the few times I ever saw a few words completely transform an audience.
马乔里·阿什特（Marjorie Arsht），政治支持者：这是我见过的少数几句话彻底改变观众的情况之一。
It was probably one of the most dramatic incidents in all of George's public life, including when he was president.
这可能是乔治整个公共生活（包括他担任总统期间）中最戏剧性的事件之一。
Narrator: Tonight I got on this plane," Bush wrote a friend, "and this older lady came up to me.
旁白：今晚我登上了这架飞机，”布什在给一位朋友的信中写道，“这位年长的女士向我走来。
She said, "I'm a conservative Democrat from the district, but I'm proud, and will always vote for you now," and suddenly somehow I felt that maybe it would all be OK -- and I started to cry -- with the poor lady embarrassed to death." More than 20 years later, Bush would write, "I can truthfully say that nothing I've experienced in public life, before or since, has measured up to the feeling I had when I went home that night." Once in office, George Bush tended to follow his conscience.
她说，“我是这个选区的保守派民主党人，但我很自豪，现在永远会投票给你。”突然间，我觉得也许一切都会好起来的——我开始哭——这位可怜的女士尴尬得要死。”20多年后，布什写道，“我可以诚实地说，我之前或之后在公共生活中经历过的一切，都无法与我那天晚上回家时的感觉相媲美。”一上任，乔治·布什就倾向于去追随他的良心。
That night in 1968 he put his political future at risk.
1968 年的那个晚上，他将自己的政治前途置于危险之中。
It worked.
它起作用了。
He would not always be that lucky.
他不会总是那么幸运。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Bush was portrayed in some aspects of the media as an up-and-coming romantic hero.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：布什在媒体的某些方面被描绘成一位崭露头角的浪漫英雄。
The future, romantic future of the Republican Party.
共和党的未来，浪漫的未来。
Young, good-looking guy, full of energy, with a devoted wife and children.
年轻、英俊、充满活力，有忠诚的妻子和孩子。
It was a good package.
这是一个很好的包裹。
Narrator: In 1970 President Richard Nixon asked Bush to run for Senate -- again against Ralph Yarborough -- promising him a job if he lost.
旁白：1970 年，理查德·尼克松总统要求布什竞选参议员——再次与拉尔夫·亚伯勒竞争——并承诺如果他失败，他将得到一份工作。
Bush's House Seat was secure.
布什的众议院席位很安全。
He was a member of the powerful Ways and Means Committee, and he was torn.
他是强大的筹款委员会的成员，但他感到左右为难。
He had often reached across the aisle to vote for legislation important to his fellow Texan President Johnson.
他经常跨过党派投票支持对他的德克萨斯州总统约翰逊来说很重要的立法。
Now he consulted LBJ.
现在他咨询了林登·约翰逊。
"Son," Johnson said, "I've served in the House, and in the Senate too, and the difference between being a member of the Senate and a member of the House is the difference between chicken salad and chicken shit .
“儿子，”约翰逊说，“我曾在众议院任职，也曾在参议院任职，参议院议员和众议院议员的区别就像鸡肉沙拉和鸡屎之间的区别……”
Do I make my point?"
我表达我的观点了吗？”
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: Today I am announcing my candidacy for the United States Senate.
布什：今天我宣布竞选美国参议员。
It hasn't been an easy decision.
这不是一个容易的决定。
I have been very happy in the House of Representatives.
我在众议院过得很开心。
I have been particularly happy...
我已经特别高兴了...
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: There were high hopes for him in that race.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74 年：在那场比赛中人们对他寄予厚望。
It was one of the premier races of that year, and a lot of people thought, well, Bush is going to win this Senate race, and there's probably a good chance that'll be the stepping stone for him ultimately going to run for president.
这是当年最重要的竞选之一，很多人都认为，布什将赢得这场参议院竞选，而且很有可能成为他最终竞选总统的垫脚石。
Narrator: Bush asked his friend James Baker, a prominent Houston lawyer with deep Texas roots, to run his campaign.
旁白：布什请他的朋友詹姆斯·贝克（James Baker）负责他的竞选活动，詹姆斯·贝克是一位在德克萨斯州有着深厚根基的休斯敦著名律师。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III, friend: I lost a wife to cancer when she was only 38 years of age.
Baker, III，朋友：我的妻子因癌症去世，当时她年仅 38 岁。
And George Bush was my tennis doubles partner, and he came to me and he said, "Bake," he said, "you need to take your mind off your grief.
乔治·布什是我的网球双打搭档，他来找我说，“贝克，”他说，“你需要忘掉悲伤。
How about helping me run for the Senate?" And I said, "Well, George, that's great except for two things.
帮我竞选参议员怎么样？”我说，“好吧，乔治，除了两件事之外，这很好。
Number one, I don't know anything about politics." I'd never done anything in politics.
第一，我对政治一无所知。”我从来没有在政治上做过任何事情。
"And number two, I'm a Democrat, and he said, "we'll take care of that." And we did.
“第二，我是民主党人，他说，‘我们会解决这个问题的。’”我们做到了。
And I changed parties.
我换了政党。
Narrator: Bush had confidence he could beat Ralph Yarborough this time -- Texas was growing more conservative.
旁白：布什有信心这次能够击败拉尔夫·亚伯勒——德克萨斯州变得更加保守。
Then Lloyd Bentsen, a businessman more conservative than Bush, challenged Yarborough in the Democratic primary and won.
随后，比布什更为保守的商人劳埃德·本特森 (Lloyd Bentsen) 在民主党初选中挑战亚伯勒并获胜。
The Nixon White House moved into action.
尼克松白宫采取了行动。
Richard Nixon (archival): We have to think in terms of what is best for America and it's because I believe that George Bush will do better for Texas and better for America, that I'm for George Bush for the United States Senate.
理查德·尼克松（档案）：我们必须考虑什么对美国最有利，正是因为我相信乔治·布什将为德克萨斯州和美国做得更好，所以我支持乔治·布什担任美国参议院。
Narrator: Despite the endorsement, White House staff considered Bush too tame a candidate.
旁白：尽管获得了背书，白宫工作人员仍认为布什是一位过于温和的候选人。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: They considered Bush loyal, a source of money, but basically weak.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：他们认为布什是忠诚的，是金钱的来源，但基本上很软弱。
He didn't have the drive to play the game the way they wanted it played.
他没有动力按照他们想要的方式玩游戏。
He was too much the gentleman.
他太绅士了。
The aristocratic gentleman.
贵族绅士。
And that's what Prescott Bush was.
普雷斯科特·布什就是这样的人。
Narrator: Many of Yarborough's liberal Democratic supporters considered Bush a more attractive candidate than Bentsen.
旁白：亚伯勒的许多自由民主党支持者认为布什是比本特森更有吸引力的候选人。
But the polarizing presence of Nixon convinced them to vote against Bush.
但尼克松的两极分化说服了他们投票反对布什。
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: Early on, the networks called it for Lloyd Bentsen.
Peter Roussel，新闻助理，1970-74 年：早期，电视台称其为劳埃德·本特森 (Lloyd Bentsen)。
And I was up in the suite with him there, and he just kind of sunk deeper and deeper into the couch there.
我和他一起在套房里，他在沙发上陷得越来越深。
And finally somebody said, "It's time to go downstairs and concede." And he felt pretty low.
最后有人说：“是时候下楼认输了。”而且他的心情很低落。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And nobody likes to lose, but certainly he ran a good tough race.
布什（档案）：没有人喜欢失败，但他确实进行了一场艰难的比赛。
I feel kind of like Custer, There were too many Indians.
I feel kind of like Custer, There were too many Indians.
Well, there are too many Democrats in some of these counties I guess.
嗯，我猜其中一些县有太多民主党人。
The other thing is that I have a horrible problem between now and kind of figuring this thing out, because I can't think of anyone else to blame.
另一件事是，从现在到弄清楚这件事，我遇到了一个可怕的问题，因为我想不出其他任何人可以责怪。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
Lud Ashley, classmate: He was brought up not to show great disappointment in defeat or great glee in victory.
路德·阿什利（Lud Ashley），同学：他从小就被教育着不要在失败时表现出巨大的失望，也不会在胜利时表现出巨大的喜悦。
But he doesn't like to lose.
但他不喜欢失败。
He does not like to lose.
他不喜欢失败。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: I think in defeat you grope for things that are happy, and it's hard.
布什：我认为在失败中你会摸索快乐的事情，但这很困难。
But I think I would be less than frank if I said I felt good or could see anything from a personal standpoint to be excited about at this point.
但我认为，如果我说我感觉良好，或者从个人角度可以看到任何值得兴奋的事情，那就不太坦率了。
We're hurt and we lost.
我们受伤了，我们输了。
We wanted to win.
我们想赢。
Narrator: With two unsuccessful Senate campaigns, Bush's political future was in doubt.
旁白：由于两次参议院竞选的失败，布什的政治前途受到质疑。
For the next 18 years, George Bush would not be in control of his political career.
在接下来的18年里，乔治·布什将无法掌控自己的政治生涯。
He would try to advance his career by serving others in administrative posts, to which he was well suited, but which, to many, seemed a dead end.
他试图通过在行政职位上为他人服务来推进自己的职业生涯，他非常适合这个职位，但对许多人来说，这似乎是一条死胡同。
When Nixon offered Bush an insignificant job as assistant to the president, Bush made his case for more.
当尼克松向布什提供了一份微不足道的总统助理职位时，布什提出了更多要求。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: He said, what this administration needs is someone who could strongly represent the administration not only in the United Nations but in New York, and who would have clout in the social society of New York.
传记作者赫伯特·帕梅特：他说，本届政府需要的是一个不仅在联合国而且在纽约能够强有力地代表政府，并且在纽约社会具有影响力的人。
And I'm your man.
而我是你的男人。
George W.
乔治·W.
Bush (archival): The relief for me is really great just to know that my family is so happy after a kind of a tough defeat in November but now, you know, a new life and a new vigor has kind of sprung back into our veins.
布什（档案）：知道我的家人在 11 月经历了一场艰难的失败后如此幸福，我真的感到很欣慰，但现在，你知道，新的生活和新的活力已经重新回到我们的血管中。
Lud Ashley, classmate: I wondered how on earth he could be appointed to the United Nations with as little foreign policy experience or knowledge that he had at that time.
路德·阿什利（Lud Ashley），同学：我想知道，他当时的外交政策经验或知识如此之少，怎么可能被任命为联合国成员。
And I asked him about that.
我问了他这个问题。
I said, "What the hell do you know about foreign policy?
I said, "What the hell do you know about foreign policy?
And he just gave me this big smile and he said, "You ask me in a month."
他只是给了我一个大大的微笑，然后说：“你一个月后问我。”
Chase Untermeyer, reporter, Houston Chronicle: At the time a lot of people, myself included, thought, well, this is the end of the road.
Chase Untermeyer, reporter, Houston Chronicle: At the time a lot of people, myself included, thought, well, this is the end of the road.
Because what does it mean to be ambassador of the United Nations?
Because what does it mean to be ambassador of the United Nations?
That is certainly not a way to get any vote in Texas.
That is certainly not a way to get any vote in Texas.
Narrator: Bush plunged with relish into the organization that he had denounced in his '64 campaign.
Narrator: Bush plunged with relish into the organization that he had denounced in his '64 campaign.
He knew little about foreign policy, a lot about dealing with people.
He knew little about foreign policy, a lot about dealing with people.
Timothy Naftali, biographer: From the time Bush became the U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations, he began to collect foreign friends.
传记作者蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：从布什就任美国常驻联合国代表起，他就开始网罗外国朋友。
Leaders, soon to be leaders, deputies, ambassadors, foreign ministers.
Leaders, soon to be leaders, deputies, ambassadors, foreign ministers.
He was very good at empathizing with them.
他非常善于同情他们。
In fact, at the United Nations, he developed friendships with people who didn't like U.S. policy.
In fact, at the United Nations, he developed friendships with people who didn't like U.S. policy.
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: He started a practice of walking down the halls and dropping in on his fellow ambassadors, just to say, "How are you?
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：他开始习惯沿着大厅走下去，拜访其他大使，只是说：“你们好吗？
How are things in your country?
你们国家的情况怎么样？
What do you think of the United States?
你觉得美国怎么样？
What do you think of the UN?
您对联合国有何看法？
What are the problems of the world as you see them?" And he developed that into a fine art.
What are the problems of the world as you see them?" And he developed that into a fine art.
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: He's a master of the personal touch.
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: He's a master of the personal touch.
He's an incredible "thank-you" note writer.
他是一位令人难以置信的“感谢”信作者。
He would meet somebody somewhere, and the next day they'd have a little note in the mail: "Thank you, Joe.
他会在某个地方遇见某人，第二天他们会在邮件中收到一张小纸条：“谢谢你，乔。
I enjoyed meeting you." You'd say, "Here's somebody took time to write me a thank-you note." Who does that anymore?
我很高兴见到你。”你会说，“有人花时间给我写了一封感谢信。”现在谁还会这样做呢？
News anchor (archival): Five men wearing white gloves and carrying cameras were caught earlier today in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in Washington.
新闻主播（档案）：今天早些时候，五名戴着白手套、携带相机的男子在华盛顿民主党全国委员会总部被捕。
They apparently were unarmed and nobody knows yet why they were there.
They apparently were unarmed and nobody knows yet why they were there.
Narrator: In November 1972, just shy of two years on the job, Bush was summoned to Camp David.
Narrator: In November 1972, just shy of two years on the job, Bush was summoned to Camp David.
It was five months after news reports at the Democratic Party election headquarters at the Watergate Hotel.
It was five months after news reports at the Democratic Party election headquarters at the Watergate Hotel.
"George," Bush recalled Nixon saying, "the place I really need you, is over at the National Committee running things.
“乔治，”布什回忆说，尼克松说，“我真正需要你的地方是在负责管理事务的国家委员会。
This is an important time for the Republican Party, George.
This is an important time for the Republican Party, George.
We have a chance to build a new coalition in the next four years, and you're the one who can do it."
我们有机会在未来四年内建立一个新的联盟，而你就是能做到这一点的人。”
Barbara Bush, wife: I sent him off saying, "Under no circumstances be Republican National Committee Chairman.
芭芭拉·布什（Barbara Bush）夫人：我送他走时说：“在任何情况下都不能担任共和党全国委员会主席。
It's just a no-end job.
这只是一项永无止境的工作。
You'll be gone all the time.
你会一直消失。
Please don't do that." So he went, and because he believes you never say no to a president, when President Nixon asked him to do that, he said yes.
请不要这样做。”于是他就去了，因为他相信你永远不会对总统说不，所以当尼克松总统要求他这样做时，他说是。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): What I want to do is build the party in a constructive positive image.
Bush (archival): What I want to do is build the party in a constructive positive image.
The president is setting a good program for this.
总统正在为此制定一个良好的计划。
Our challenge is to implement it and to have room for diversity and to have room for growth, and I've got to go.
我们的挑战是实施它并留有多样性的空间和成长的空间，而我必须离开。
Lud Ashley, classmate: I said, "You've got this all wrong.
路德·阿什利（Lud Ashley），同学：我说，“你完全错了。
I don't know what's happened to you, but you don't go from-from being the President's man at the United Nations to being chairman of a political party.
我不知道你发生了什么事，但你并没有从联合国总统的人变成政党主席。
You're coming down the ladder," and I said, "that's the wrong direction."
你从梯子上下来，”我说，“那是错误的方向。”
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: Nixon knew that it was about to hit the fan, and George Bush could be counted on for absolute loyalty in front of a camera.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：尼克松知道这件事即将引起轰动，而乔治·布什在镜头前的绝对忠诚是值得信赖的。
Nixon knew instinctively that as Watergate unfolded, as the disaster began to build, Bush could be counted on to stick by Nixon right through until the bitter end.
尼克松本能地知道，随着水门事件的展开，随着灾难的开始，布什可以指望他会一直支持尼克松直到最后。
Narrator: Less than a month after Bush took the job, the Senate established a Watergate Committee to hold hearings on the break-in.
旁白：布什上任不到一个月，参议院成立了水门事件委员会，就闯入事件举行听证会。
Senator Ervin: ...begins hearings into the extent to which illegal, improper and unethical activities were involved in the 1972 presidential election campaign.
参议员欧文：……开始就 1972 年总统竞选活动中涉及非法、不当和不道德活动的程度举行听证会。
Narrator: As the scandal unfolded, Bush traveled to 33 states and made 190 appearances defending the president and the Republican Party.
旁白：丑闻曝光后，布什前往 33 个州，出场 190 次，为总统和共和党辩护。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): As you look across the country, the Watergate has not obscured the positive record of this administration.
布什（档案）：放眼全国，水门事件并没有掩盖本届政府的积极记录。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: When he goes out in front of a television camera for Richard Nixon, George Bush has the perfect public face.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：当乔治·布什出现在理查德·尼克松的电视摄像机前时，他有着完美的公众形象。
The other part about Bush that the Nixon White House liked was his combative nature with the press.
尼克松白宫喜欢布什的另一点是他与媒体的好斗性格。
And the press was just beginning to feel its oats in 1973.
1973 年，媒体才刚刚开始感受到它的优势。
Bush was not going to let them get away, in his mind, with this type of picking on the President.
布什认为，他不会让他们以这种对总统的挑衅而逃脱惩罚。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The President has said that he is not involved in Watergate.
布什（档案）：总统说过他没有参与水门事件。
That he didn't know about it, that he is not involved in the cover up.
他不知道这件事，他没有参与掩盖真相。
And I accept that, and I don't think it helps the stability of the forward progress of the country to speculate hypothetically when the man had made that statement.
我接受这一点，而且我认为推测这个人何时发表这一声明对国家进步的稳定性没有帮助。
Barbara Bush, wife: Nixon lied to George.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：尼克松对乔治撒了谎。
George couldn't believe someone would look you in the eye and say, "I had nothing to do with this.
乔治不敢相信有人会看着你的眼睛说：“我与这件事无关。
I have not lied."
我没有说谎。”
Peter Roussel, press aide, 1970-74: I can remember, because I was there with him, I can remember many of our friends and, you know, wise men and politicos that were around then, saying, "That's the end of Bush's career.
彼得·鲁塞尔，新闻助理，1970-74：我记得，因为我和他在一起，我记得我们的许多朋友，你知道，当时周围的智者和政客说：“这就是布什职业生涯的终结。
That's the end of George Bush.
这就是乔治·布什的终结。
His time's over." And certainly the media had written him off.
他的时代已经结束了。”当然，媒体已经把他排除在外了。
Chase Untermeyer, presidential aide, 1989-91: I think of all the things that George Bush did prior to being asked to run for vice-president with Ronald Reagan, being chairman of the Republican National Committee during Watergate was the most valuable, because during that miserable time for grassroots Republicans, there was George Bush keeping up the faith and trying to keep people's spirits up.
蔡斯·翁特迈尔，总统助理，1989-91：我认为乔治·布什在被要求与罗纳德·里根一起竞选副总统之前所做的所有事情，在水门事件期间担任共和党全国委员会主席是最有价值的，因为在那段草根共和党人的悲惨时期，有乔治·布什保持着信念，努力让人们振奋士气。
Senator Howard Baker (archival): Tell me what the president knew and when he first knew it.
参议员霍华德·贝克（档案）：告诉我总统知道什么以及他第一次知道的时间。
Narrator: Testimony from Nixon staffers on June 3, 1973 marked the beginning of revelations that would bring the President down.
旁白：1973 年 6 月 3 日尼克松工作人员的证词标志着揭露真相的开始，最终导致总统下台。
"I've never seen such an unhappy man as George was during this period," a White House insider recalled.
“在这段时间里，我从未见过像乔治这样不快乐的人，”一位白宫内部人士回忆道。
"because now all of us had come to the conclusion that we'd all been lied to for many, many months." Bush fumed in his diary, "This era of tawdry, shabby lack of morality has got to end," Bush wrote in his diary.
“因为现在我们所有人都得出结论，我们都被欺骗了很多很多个月。”布什在日记中愤怒地写道：“这个庸俗、破旧、缺乏道德的时代必须结束。”
"I am sick at heart.
“我心里有病。
Sick about the President's betrayal and sick about the fact that the major Nixon enemies can now gloat because they have proved he is what they said he is."
对总统的背叛感到厌倦，对尼克松的主要敌人现在可以幸灾乐祸的事实感到厌倦，因为他们已经证明了他就是他们所说的那样。”
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Bush was caught up in it.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：布什深陷其中。
Bush was embarrassed by it, and the thing he told me embarrassed him most of all was, he had given assurances to fundraisers that Nixon was not involved.
布什对此感到尴尬，他告诉我最让他尴尬的是，他向筹款人保证尼克松没有参与其中。
Nixon let him down.
尼克松让他失望了。
Narrator: On August 6, 1974 Bush attended a cabinet meeting.
旁白：1974年8月6日，布什出席内阁会议。
Nixon's agenda was to talk about the economy.
尼克松的议程是谈论经济。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: Ford turned to the President and said, "We have other issues that we have to discuss.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：福特转向总统说：“我们还有其他问题需要讨论。
We have to discuss the fate of this presidency." George Bush stood up, interrupted Nixon and told him that Watergate was sapping public confidence in the party and the county.
我们必须讨论这位总统职位的命运。”乔治·布什站起来，打断尼克松的话，告诉他水门事件正在削弱公众对党和县的信心。
The next day he advised Nixon to resign.
第二天他建议尼克松辞职。
"Dear Mr. President," he wrote, "I expect in your lonely embattled position this would seem to you as an act of disloyalty from one you have supported and helped in so many ways." George Bush had accepted the party chairman's job because of his loyalty to Nixon.
“亲爱的总统先生，”他写道，“我预计，在你孤独的四面楚歌的处境中，这对你来说是一种对你在很多方面支持和帮助过的人的不忠诚行为。”乔治·布什因为对尼克松的忠诚而接受了党主席的职位。
That loyalty, Nixon found to his dismay, had its limits.
尼克松沮丧地发现，这种忠诚是有限度的。
Narrator: In August 1974, Bush retreated to Kennebunkport.
旁白：1974年8月，布什撤退到肯纳邦克波特。
Barbara Bush, wife: Here he feels at peace.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：在这里他感到平静。
It's roots of his family.
这是他家族的根。
His mother was born here.
他的母亲出生在这里。
He'll tell you it's CAVU.
他会告诉你这是 CAVU。
Now, I never can remember what that means, but it's Ceiling And Visibility Unlimited.
现在，我永远不记得这意味着什么，但它是天花板和可见性无限。
And that's what he feels about Kennebunkport, Maine.
这就是他对缅因州肯纳邦克波特的感觉。
He's at peace here.
他在这里很平静。
Narrator: President Gerald Ford, Nixon's successor, was about to choose his vice-president.
旁白：尼克松的继任者杰拉尔德·福特总统即将选择他的副总统。
Bush was the first choice of party leaders.
布什是该党领导人的首选。
At Walker's Point, he anxiously awaited the news.
At Walker's Point, he anxiously awaited the news.
Willard "Spike" Heminway, friend: Barbara Bush called up, says, "Come on over.
威拉德·“斯派克”·海明威，朋友：芭芭拉·布什打来电话，说：“过来吧。
Got to do something with George.
得和乔治做点什么。
He's getting finicky over here." So I go over, and there he is underneath the toilet, fixing toilets.
他在这里变得挑剔了。”于是我走过去，发现他正在马桶下面修理马桶。
And I said, "Is this the way a potential vice-president's going to act?" And he said, "Get in here and help me fix these toilets."
我说：“这就是潜在副总统的行事方式吗？”他说：“进来帮我修一下厕所。”
Narrator: Ford called him to say he has selected former governor of New York, Nelson Rockefeller.
旁白：福特打电话给他，说他已经选择了纽约州前州长纳尔逊·洛克菲勒。
"Yesterday was a real downer," Bush wrote Lud Ashley.
“昨天真是令人沮丧，”布什在给路德·阿什利的信中写道。
"I guess I had let my hopes zoom unrealistically, but today perspective is coming back, and I realize I was lucky to be in the game at all."
"I guess I had let my hopes zoom unrealistically, but today perspective is coming back, and I realize I was lucky to be in the game at all."
Lud Ashley, classmate: It's his way of relaxing.
Lud Ashley，同学：这是他放松的方式。
And it's nonstop.
而且是不间断的。
It's just from-from one event to the other.
这只是从一个事件到另一个事件。
I often say that in his crankcase, there's no reverse.
我经常说他的曲轴箱里没有逆转。
There's no neutral.
没有中立的。
There's just drive.
只剩下驱动了
[laugh] And that's all there is in his crankcase.
[笑]这就是他曲轴箱里的全部东西。
He's just always on the go.
他总是在旅途中。
Narrator: Ford offered Bush another ambassadorship.
旁白：福特再次向布什提供大使职位。
He could have chosen England or France, but he chose China.
他本可以选择英国或法国，但他选择了中国。
A friend recalled, "he wanted to get as far away from the stench of Watergate as possible." After little more than a year, another odor wafted his way.
一位朋友回忆说，“他想尽可能远离水门事件的恶臭。”一年多后，另一种气味向他飘来。
Congress was investigating CIA abuses.
国会正在调查中央情报局的滥用职权行为。
Senator Frank Church (archival): We must insist that these agencies operate strictly within the law...
Senator Frank Church (archival): We must insist that these agencies operate strictly within the law...
Narrator: The Bushes were bicycling in Beijing when a cable arrived from Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
Narrator: The Bushes were bicycling in Beijing when a cable arrived from Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
Would Bush take over the CIA?
布什会接管中央情报局吗？
Barbara Bush, wife: It just was a huge shock.
芭芭拉·布什，妻子：这真是一个巨大的震惊。
And George got the message, and then he called George W.
乔治收到了消息，然后他给乔治·W·布什打电话。
and said to him, "George, please call your brothers and sisters," and see how they'd feel about my coming home and heading the CIA." And George called back in about an hour and said, "They say, come home." And I've always thought George never called them.
对他说，“乔治，请给你的兄弟姐妹打电话，”看看他们对我回家并领导中央情报局有什么感觉。”大约一个小时后，乔治回电话说，“他们说，回家吧。”我一直以为乔治从来没有给他们打电话。
That he just decided arbitrarily that we should come home.
他只是武断地决定我们应该回家。
And I thought then that this was the end of politics, that this would be just the end of our political life.
And I thought then that this was the end of politics, that this would be just the end of our political life.
Narrator: "Here are my heartfelt views," Bush cabled Kissinger, "I do not have politics out of my system entirely and I see this as the total end of any political future." But "If this is what the President wants me to do the answer is a firm 'Yes.'"
旁白：“这是我衷心的观点，”布什给基辛格发电报，“我并没有将政治完全排除在我的体系之外，我认为这是任何政治未来的彻底终结。”但“如果这就是总统希望我做的事情，那么答案就是坚定的‘是’。”
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Some of my friends have asked me, "Why do you accept this job with all the controversy swirling around the CIA with its obvious barriers to political future?" My answer is simple.
布什（档案）：我的一些朋友问我，“为什么你接受这份工作，因为中央情报局对政治未来存在明显的障碍，引发了如此多的争议？”我的答案很简单。
First, the work is desperately important to the survival of this country and to the survival of freedom around the world.
首先，这项工作对于这个国家的生存和世界各地自由的生存极其重要。
And second, old fashioned as it may seem to some, it is my duty to serve my country.
其次，尽管在某些人看来有些过时，但为国家服务是我的责任。
And I didn't seek this job but I want to do it, and I will do my very best.
我并没有寻求这份工作，但我想做，而且我会尽力而为。
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
谢谢主席先生。
Narrator: Bush found CIA staffers demoralized.
旁白：布什发现中央情报局工作人员士气低落。
"We did have the feeling we were terribly alone, and there was no one out there defending us," one remembered.
“我们确实有一种非常孤独的感觉，没有人在外面保护我们，”一位回忆道。
"George became a champion." Bush saw his job as boosting morale at CIA headquarters and reassuring Congress that the "rogue elephant" was under control.
“乔治成为了冠军。”布什认为他的工作是鼓舞中央情报局总部的士气并向国会保证“流氓大象”已得到控制。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: I can say, sir, that we would not disseminate that kind of intelligence on American citizens to the Cabinet committee, but we would disseminate it to the Justice Department.
布什：先生，我可以说，我们不会向内阁委员会传播有关美国公民的此类情报，但我们会向司法部传播。
Narrator: He made 51 appearances on Capitol Hill in less than a year.
旁白：不到一年的时间里，他在国会山出现了 51 次。
After six months on the job he wrote President Ford: "Morale at the CIA is improving.
上任六个月后，他写信给福特总统：“中央情报局的士气正在改善。
Our recruitment is up.
我们的招募已经开始了
Our people are willing to serve abroad and take the risks involved."
我们的人民愿意到国外服务并承担相关风险。”
When Jimmy Carter was elected President in 1976, Bush offered to remain at the CIA to burnish the agency's reputation as bipartisan.
When Jimmy Carter was elected President in 1976, Bush offered to remain at the CIA to burnish the agency's reputation as bipartisan.
News announcer (archival): There is increasing speculation that CIA Director George Bush may be asked to stay at his post during the new administration, but as he arrived today, he and Carter aides all refused comment on that.
新闻播音员（档案）：越来越多的人猜测中央情报局局长乔治·布什可能会被要求在新政府期间留任，但当他今天到达时，他和卡特的助手都拒绝对此发表评论。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I'm going to use the same ground rules that we had before, which is we're here to have a professional intelligence briefing.
布什（档案）：我将使用我们之前的基本规则，即我们来这里是为了进行专业的情报简报。
Narrator: Bush became the first CIA director to be dismissed by an incoming president.
Narrator: Bush became the first CIA director to be dismissed by an incoming president.
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Here was Bush, having made this concession in order to reaffirm the CIA post as being non-political, only in the end to see himself forced out because of the advent of a new administration.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：布什做出了这一让步，以重申中央情报局职位的非政治性，但最终却因新政府的出现而被迫下台。
Well, Bush was determined to fight back, and fight back into the political arena.
那么，布什决心反击，反击到政治舞台上。
Narrator: Demoralized, George Bush returned to private life in Houston.
旁白：乔治·布什士气低落，回到了休斯敦的私人生活。
"He felt like a race horse under wraps," a biographer wrote.
一位传记作家写道：“他感觉就像一匹被保密的赛马。”
Bush described his "withdrawal symptoms" to a friend.
布什向一位朋友描述了他的“戒断症状”。
"I just get bored silly about whose daughter is a Pi Phi or even about who's banging old Joe's wife," he wrote.
“我只是对谁的女儿是皮皮人，甚至谁在和老乔的妻子上床感到无聊，”他写道。
"I think I want to at least be in a position to run in 1980.
“我想我至少想能够参加 1980 年的竞选。
But it seems so presumptuous and egotistical." George did his best to drown out his mother's voice.
但这似乎太自以为是、太自私了。”乔治竭尽全力盖过母亲的声音。
For two years he served on corporate boards and built his war chest for a presidential campaign.
他在公司董事会任职两年，并为总统竞选筹集资金。
"He is finally getting better about blowing his own horn," Barbara wrote, "the thing we were taught as children never to do."
芭芭拉写道：“他终于学会了自吹自擂，这是我们小时候被教导永远不要做的事情。”
On May 1 1979 George H.
1979 年 5 月 1 日，乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush returned to Washington.
布什返回华盛顿。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Ladies and gentlemen, I am a candidate for president of the United States.
布什（档案）：女士们先生们，我是美国总统候选人。
Before responding to questions, I would like to introduce you to my family.
在回答问题之前，我想先向您介绍一下我的家人。
My mother, Mrs. Prescott Bush, who some of you may remember.
我的母亲，普雷斯科特·布什夫人，你们中的一些人可能还记得她。
My wife Barbara, most of you know.
我的妻子芭芭拉，你们大多数人都知道。
My oldest son George and his wife Laura, from west Texas.
My oldest son George and his wife Laura, from west Texas.
My son Jeb, his wife Columba from Houston, Texas.
我的儿子杰布（Jeb）和他的妻子科伦芭（Columba）来自德克萨斯州休斯顿。
Narrator: Bush distanced himself from the Republican front-runner, Ronald Reagan, the conservative governor of California, by invoking language used by President Eisenhower.
旁白：布什援引艾森豪威尔总统的言论，与共和党领跑者、加州保守派州长罗纳德·里根保持距离。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): There is in our affairs at home a middle way between the untrammeled freedom of the individual and the demands for the welfare of the whole nation.
布什（档案）：在我们的国内事务中，在个人不受限制的自由和整个国家福利的要求之间存在着一条中间道路。
Narrator: In one year Bush traveled 329 days calling in all his chits from his years at the Republican National Committee.
Narrator: In one year Bush traveled 329 days calling in all his chits from his years at the Republican National Committee.
In a surprise victory, George Bush defeated Reagan in the Iowa caucus.
乔治·布什在爱荷华州党团会议上意外击败了里根。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Iowa has set something in motion.
布什（档案）：爱荷华州已经采取了一些行动。
The forward momentum is clearly established, and I am absolutely convinced I will be your next President.
前进的势头已经明确，我绝对相信我将成为你们的下一任总统。
Narrator: In the important New Hampshire primary, Reagan challenged Bush to a one on one debate and agreed to pay the cost of the event.
旁白：在重要的新罕布什尔州初选中，里根向布什发起一对一辩论的挑战，并同意支付此次活动的费用。
At the last minute, in a clever ploy, Reagan wanted to change the rules to include the other candidates.
在最后一刻，里根采取了一个巧妙的策略，想改变规则以包括其他候选人。
Bush -- and the moderator -- stuck to the original agreement.
布什和主持人坚持最初的协议。
Moderator (archival): Can you turn off that microphone please?
主持人（档案）：您能把麦克风关掉吗？
Ronald Reagan (archival): I am paying for this microphone, Mr. Green.
罗纳德·里根（档案）：格林先生，我正在为这个麦克风付费。
Narrator: That night George Bush learned how formidable a candidate Ronald Reagan could be.
旁白：那天晚上，乔治·布什了解到候选人罗纳德·里根有多么强大。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: George Bush is like a boy who's dropped off at the wrong birthday party.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利，传记作者：乔治·布什就像一个在错误的生日聚会上下车的男孩。
He's just so awkward and doesn't know what to do, and he looks a little bit miffed.
他只是很尴尬，不知道该怎么办，而且看起来有点恼怒。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I have been invited here as a guest of the Nashua newspaper.
布什（档案）：我是作为《纳舒厄报》的客人受邀来到这里的。
I will play by their rules.
我会遵守他们的规则。
I am their guest, and I am very glad to be here.
我是他们的客人，我很高兴来到这里。
Thank you very, very much.
非常非常感谢。
Narrator: Bush lost New Hampshire, but continued to challenge Reagan -- ridiculing his so-called "supply side" tax policy -- the notion that taxes could be cut without reducing spending.
旁白：布什失去了新罕布什尔州，但继续挑战里根——嘲笑他所谓的“供给侧”税收政策——即可以在不减少支出的情况下减税的观念。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): This theory that Governor Reagan is talking about is what I call a 'voodoo economic' policy.
布什（档案）：里根州长所说的这个理论就是我所说的“巫毒经济”政策。
Narrator: Reagan appealed to staunch anti-communists and social conservatives, two of the groups Bush welcomed into the Republican Party in Harris County almost 20 years before.
旁白：里根呼吁坚定的反共主义者和社会保守派，布什在大约 20 年前就在哈里斯县欢迎这两个群体加入共和党。
As a moderate, George Bush was chasing the caboose of the party he had helped to create.
作为温和派，乔治·布什正在追逐他帮助创建的政党的尾车。
By May campaign manager James Baker urged him to pull out.
到了五月，竞选经理詹姆斯·贝克敦促他退出。
James Baker: Reagan had-had collected sufficient number of delegates to be- to be nominated, and my advice to George at the time was that we ought to fold up our tent, and not go out to California and try and contest Reagan in his home state, because if we did that, there'd be no chance whatsoever that he would be put on the ticket.
詹姆斯·贝克：里根已经收集了足够数量的代表来获得提名，当时我对乔治的建议是，我们应该折叠我们的帐篷，而不是去加利福尼亚州尝试在里根的家乡与他竞争，因为如果我们这样做，他就没有机会被列入候选人名单。
Ronald Reagan: I have asked and I am recommending to this convention that tomorrow, when the session reconvenes, that George Bush be nominated.
罗纳德·里根：我已向大会提出要求，并建议明天会议重新召开时，提名乔治·布什。
Narrator: In many ways George Bush was what Ronald Reagan pretended to be.
Narrator: In many ways George Bush was what Ronald Reagan pretended to be.
As an actor, Ronald Reagan played the war hero.
作为一名演员，罗纳德·里根扮演了战争英雄。
George Bush was a war hero -- a decorated naval aviator.
乔治·布什是一位战争英雄——一位荣获勋章的海军飞行员。
Ronald Reagan played the athlete.
罗纳德·里根饰演运动员。
George Bush was the captain of his Yale baseball team and played twice in the college championship game.
George Bush was the captain of his Yale baseball team and played twice in the college championship game.
He was also a first rate tennis player.
他也是一位一流的网球运动员。
Both preached family values, but only Bush could point to a happy family.
Both preached family values, but only Bush could point to a happy family.
Reagan turned to Bush because he wanted to unify the conservative and moderate wings on the party and because Bush was the only other candidate to win any delegates.
里根转向布什，因为他想团结党内的保守派和温和派，而且布什是唯一赢得代表的其他候选人。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Reagan took him in spite of his doubts.
理查德·诺顿·史密斯，总统历史学家：里根尽管心存疑虑，还是接受了他。
He had seen Bush at his worst.
他见过布什最糟糕的时候。
He had seen Bush, in effect, wilt under pressure at the famous Nashua debate.
事实上，他亲眼目睹布什在著名的纳舒厄辩论中在压力下屈服了。
And he didn't like what he'd seen.
他不喜欢他所看到的。
More than that, Bush had come up with some very powerful phrases, including "voodoo economics," that in effect trivialized Reagan's beliefs.
不仅如此，布什还提出了一些非常有力的措辞，包括“巫术经济学”，这实际上使里根的信念变得微不足道。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Reagan disliked him for using the term "voodoo economics;" he disliked him, Reagan thought he was a wimp; Nancy detested him bitterly.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：里根不喜欢他使用“巫术经济学”一词；他不喜欢他，里根认为他是个懦夫；南希非常厌恶他。
Reagan did not turn to Bush happily, and when I said to Bush was there anything Reagan asked of you in order to nominate you as Vice President, he simply said he wanted me to accept his position on abortion, which I did.
里根并没有高兴地转向布什，当我对布什说里根是否有什么要求你提名你担任副总统时，他只是说他希望我接受他在堕胎问题上的立场，我接受了。
Narrator: Despite their political differences, Bush pledged his loyalty.
旁白：尽管他们存在政治分歧，布什还是宣誓效忠。
Shirley Green, press aide: I will never forget the very first staff meeting we had, before they were even sworn in.
新闻助理雪莉·格林（Shirley Green）：我永远不会忘记我们在他们宣誓就职之前举行的第一次员工会议。
Ambassador Bush really kind of laid down the rules to us.
Ambassador Bush really kind of laid down the rules to us.
And he said, "I don't want to ever pick up the paper and see any suggestion that anybody on my vice-president staff has been anything but loyal to Ronald Reagan."
他说：“我不想拿起报纸看到任何关于我的副总统幕僚中的任何人对罗纳德·里根不忠诚的暗示。”
Narrator: Bush's experience in foreign affairs was especially useful to Reagan.
Narrator: Bush's experience in foreign affairs was especially useful to Reagan.
His connections with Deng Xiaoping helped ease tensions over arms sales to Taiwan.
His connections with Deng Xiaoping helped ease tensions over arms sales to Taiwan.
His message in El Salvador was stop the right wing death squads or Congress will cut off aid to fight communist insurgents.
他在萨尔瓦多发出的信息是停止右翼敢死队，否则国会将切断对打击共产主义叛乱分子的援助。
To Communist Poland he brought a message of freedom.
他给共产主义波兰带来了自由的信息。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Poland should be strong and prosperous and independent and play its proper role as a great nation in the heart of Europe.
布什（档案）：波兰应该强大、繁荣和独立，并发挥作为欧洲中心伟大国家的应有作用。
Narrator: When three Soviet presidents died in less than three years, Bush was the first among world leaders to greet the new leader after the funeral.
旁白：当三位苏联总统在不到三年的时间里去世时，布什是世界领导人中第一个在葬礼后迎接新领导人的人。
He would explain America's policies and report directly to Reagan.
He would explain America's policies and report directly to Reagan.
Bush's deep interest in foreign policy served him well -- until a report broke that the Reagan administration was secretly selling arms to Iran to get its help in releasing hostages held in Beirut, a violation of its own policies.
布什对外交政策的浓厚兴趣对他很有帮助——直到有报道称，里根政府正在秘密向伊朗出售武器，以获得伊朗帮助释放在贝鲁特扣押的人质，这违反了布什政府自己的政策。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I was aware of our Iran initiative and I support the president's decision.
布什（档案）：我知道我们的伊朗倡议，我支持总统的决定。
Narrator: More serious was the charge that the administration illegally used profits from the arms sales to fund the anti-communist Contras who were trying to topple the Marxist government in Nicaragua.
旁白：更严重的指控是，政府非法利用军售利润资助试图推翻尼加拉瓜马克思主义政府的反共反政府武装。
It became known as the Iran Contra affair.
这被称为“伊朗门事件”。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And I was not aware of and I oppose any diversion of funds, any ransom payments, or any circumvention of the will of the Congress or the law of the United States of America."
布什（档案）：我不知道也反对任何转移资金、支付赎金或任何规避国会意愿或美利坚合众国法律的行为。”
Narrator: What Reagan may have told his vice president during their Thursday lunches or what advice Bush may have given his president was something both considered confidential.
旁白：里根在周四的午餐期间可能告诉他的副总统什么，或者布什可能给他的总统什么建议，这些都被视为机密。
As the scandal unfolded, the former Director of Central Intelligence would be under suspicion that he was involved in more than he let on.
随着丑闻的展开，这位前中央情报局局长将受到怀疑，他所参与的事情比他所透露的要多。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): There's no question about trying to jump away from it.
布什（档案）：毫无疑问，试图摆脱它。
I support the President.
我支持总统。
Reporter (archival): Mr. President, what do you know about money going to the Contras?
记者（档案）：总统先生，您对流向反政府武装的资金了解多少？
Ronald Reagan (archival): All I know is this is going to taste wonderful, and I'm looking forward to tomorrow.
罗纳德·里根（档案）：我只知道这味道会很棒，我很期待明天。
Reporter (archival): Mr. President, hasn't this damaged your presidency?
记者（档案）：总统先生，这是否损害了您的总统任期？
Narrator: This was nothing new.
Narrator: This was nothing new.
Cartoonist Garry Trudeau had caricaturized Bush's loyalty as "putting his manhood in a blind trust." As Bush planned his run for the presidency, conservative columnist George Will called him a "lap dog" for trying to prove to conservatives he was Reagan's heir.
漫画家加里·特鲁多将布什的忠诚讽刺为“把他的男子气概置于盲目的信任之中”。当布什计划竞选总统时，保守派专栏作家乔治·威尔称他为“哈巴狗”，因为他试图向保守派证明他是里根的继承人。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I am here today to announce my candidacy for President of the United States.
布什（档案）：我今天在这里宣布我竞选美国总统。
Narrator: The week he announced in October 1987, Newsweek called him a wimp.
旁白：1987 年 10 月他宣布的那一周，《新闻周刊》称他为懦夫。
Evan Thomas, Newsweek : That's an awful word to use, and we used it on the cover of Newsweek , I think, to our regret.
埃文·托马斯（Evan Thomas），《新闻周刊》：这个词用起来很糟糕，我认为我们在《新闻周刊》的封面上使用了它，对此我们感到遗憾。
It was too harsh a word.
这句话太严厉了。
But there was a perception that he was somehow not a standup guy.
但有人认为他不是一个正直的人。
He was under Reagan's shadow, and he needed to win over the true right and evangelicals, and to do that, he seemed to be trimming a little bit on abortion, he seemed to possibly be going against his own conscience in order to win votes.
他处在里根的阴影下，他需要赢得真正的右派和福音派的支持，而要做到这一点，他似乎在堕胎问题上有所收敛，他似乎可能违背自己的良心来赢得选票。
Narrator: Bush lost to Sen.
旁白：布什输给了参议员。
Bob Dole in the Iowa caucus in February 1988.
1988 年 2 月，鲍勃·多尔 (Bob Dole) 在爱荷华州党团会议上。
His own polls said he was perceived as a follower, not a leader; a man who would not be tough enough for the Oval Office.
他自己的民意调查显示，他被视为追随者，而不是领导者；一个对于椭圆形办公室来说不够强硬的人。
He was trailing Dole in the critical primary in New Hampshire.
在新罕布什尔州关键的初选中，他落后于多尔。
A loss could mean the end of his presidential hopes.
失败可能意味着他的总统希望的终结。
Yet he remained hesitant to say anything bad about his opponents.
但他仍然犹豫是否要说对手的坏话。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I'm not taking shots at the other candidates.
布什（档案）：我不会攻击其他候选人。
I'm not trying to get myself up a notch on the ladder by shoving somebody else down on the ladder, whether it's a candidate or the president of the United States or anybody else.
我并不是想通过将其他人推下梯子来让自己在梯子上更上一层楼，无论是候选人、美国总统还是其他任何人。
I just don't believe that's the way one oughta campaign, I've never don't that.
我只是不相信人们应该以这种方式进行竞选，我从来没有这样做过。
And so I feel comfortable saying what I am for.
所以我可以轻松地说出我的目的。
Craig Fuller, chief of staff: Well, he'd been the chairman of the Republican National Committee.
幕僚长克雷格·富勒：嗯，他曾担任共和党全国委员会主席。
He didn't speak ill of other Republicans.
He didn't speak ill of other Republicans.
He believed that he had to talk about his record, his experience, his ability to be president, and let people make their mind up.
他认为他必须谈论他的记录、他的经历、他担任总统的能力，并让人们做出决定。
He was less inclined to talk about his challengers at all, really.
事实上，他根本不太愿意谈论他的挑战者。
Narrator: "You got to go negative," Bush's new campaign manager Lee Atwater told him.
旁白：“你必须采取消极态度，”布什的新竞选经理李·阿特沃特告诉他。
"You just got to." Atwater was a new breed of political consultant.
“你必须这样做。” Atwater was a new breed of political consultant.
Known as the happy hatchet man, he set out to completely change Bush's gentlemanly campaign style.
他被称为“快乐打手”，他着手彻底改变布什的绅士竞选风格。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: Atwater, was able to articulate a side of George Bush that needed to be articulated if he was to win.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：阿特沃特能够阐明乔治·布什的一面，如果他想获胜就需要阐明这一面。
And that was the harsh side of Bush.
And that was the harsh side of Bush.
Bush doesn't naturally gravitate to bare-knuckle politics.
布什并不自然地倾向于赤裸裸的政治。
He needs to be taken there.
他需要被带到那里。
Atwater did that.
阿特沃特就是这么做的。
Narrator: Atwater's team had put together a campaign spot attacking Senator Dole.
旁白：阿特沃特的团队制作了一个攻击多尔参议员的竞选广告。
Bush rejected it.
布什拒绝了。
Robert Mosbacher, campaign aide: I told then Vice-President that just sometimes you have to kind of leave the high road.
罗伯特·莫斯巴赫（Robert Mosbacher），竞选助手：我告诉当时的副总统，有时你必须离开正路。
And he sort of oomphed and you know said, "All right, let me look at it again." He said, "All right.
他有点兴奋，你知道，他说：“好吧，让我再看一遍。”他说：“好吧。
I don't like it, but okay.
I don't like it, but okay.
But it better all be true."
But it better all be true."
Announcer, Bush campaign ad: Bob Dole straddled until the polls told him it was popular.
播音员，布什竞选广告：鲍勃·多尔（Bob Dole）跨坐，直到民意调查显示这很受欢迎。
That's why he's becoming known as "Senator Straddle." George Bush: presidential leadership.
这就是为什么他被称为“斯特莱德尔参议员”。 George Bush: presidential leadership.
Narrator: The new strategy worked.
Narrator: The new strategy worked.
Bush won in New Hampshire...
Bush won in New Hampshire...
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And now, on to the South where we're gonna rise again.
布什（档案）：现在，前往南方，我们将在那里再次崛起。
Narrator: ...and went on to secure the Republican nomination.
旁白：......并继续获得共和党提名。
Narrator: In May he trailed Massachusetts Gov.
Narrator: In May he trailed Massachusetts Gov.
Michael Dukakis, the Democratic nominee, by 10 points.
民主党候选人迈克尔·杜卡基斯 (Michael Dukakis) 领先 10 个百分点。
The blue collar Democrats who had flocked to Ronald Reagan were supporting Governor Dukakis.
涌向罗纳德·里根的蓝领民主党人支持杜卡基斯州长。
The Bush campaign team needed to woo them back.
The Bush campaign team needed to woo them back.
It was encouraged by a blue-collar focus group that showed Dukakis had a weak spot.
蓝领焦点小组的鼓励显示杜卡基斯有一个弱点。
He was perceived as a liberal.
He was perceived as a liberal.
Mary Matalin, campaign aide: Lee Atwater knew that that sort of east coast, elite, liberal ideology and persona was going to be problematic for Dukakis.
玛丽·马塔林（Mary Matalin），竞选助手：李·阿特沃特（Lee Atwater）知道，那种东海岸的精英、自由主义意识形态和形象会给杜卡基斯带来问题。
So showing that is part of how campaigns work.
So showing that is part of how campaigns work.
This is what campaigns do.
This is what campaigns do.
Narrator: Bashing Dukakis would become the focus of Bush's campaign.
旁白：打击杜卡基斯将成为布什竞选的焦点。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Governor Dukakis, his foreign policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique would cut the muscle of our defense and I will never do that.
布什（档案）：杜卡基斯州长，他在哈佛庭院的精品店中提出的外交政策观点将削弱我们的国防力量，我永远不会这样做。
Nicholas Brady, campaign aide: I don't think by nature he likes to go negative.
尼古拉斯·布雷迪，竞选助手：我认为他本质上不喜欢消极。
He-- that's not the way he was, not the way he was brought up.
他——那不是他的样子，也不是他的成长方式。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The governor calls himself, and this is a quote from Michael Dukakis, a card-carrying member of the ACLU, American Civil Liberties Union.
布什（档案）：州长称自己为美国公民自由联盟的正式成员迈克尔·杜卡基斯（Michael Dukakis）。
I haven't joined the ACLU nor do I have any plans to join the ACLU.
我没有加入 ACLU，也没有任何计划加入 ACLU。
Nicholas Brady, campaign aide: He may not have liked it, but it isn't as if you were trying to make him take a drink of castor oil or something like that.
尼古拉斯·布雷迪（Nicholas Brady），竞选助手：他可能不喜欢，但这并不是说你想让他喝蓖麻油之类的东西。
He knew exactly what had to be done in the long run.
他清楚地知道从长远来看必须做什么。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Prescott Bush's son is not comfortable with the culture of handlers and spin doctors and pollsters and focus groups, and determining what your convictions are by asking a group of strangers in a supermarket in Secaucus, New Jersey.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：普雷斯科特·布什的儿子对管理者、舆论专家、民意调查者和焦点小组的文化感到不舒服，并通过在新泽西州锡考克斯的一家超市询问一群陌生人来确定你的信念。
On the other hand, he'll do it if that's what it takes to win the presidency.
另一方面，如果这是赢得总统宝座所需的条件，他也会这么做。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Thank you, I accept your nomination for President.
布什（档案）：谢谢你，我接受你的总统提名。
I'll try to be fair to the other side.
I'll try to be fair to the other side.
I'll try to hold my charisma in check.
I'll try to hold my charisma in check.
Where is it written that we must act as if we do not care?
哪里写着我们必须表现得好像我们不在乎一样？
As if we are not moved.
就好像我们不为所动。
Well I am moved.
嗯，我很感动。
I want a kinder, gentler nation.
I want a kinder, gentler nation.
Narrator: That phrase, Bush thought, would appeal to moderates turned off by Reagan's harsh edges.
旁白：布什认为，这句话会吸引因里根的尖锐棱角而感到厌烦的温和派。
Another line, from a Clint Eastwood movie, would counter the wimp factor and project an image of strength.
克林特·伊斯特伍德电影中的另一句台词将对抗软弱因素并展现出力量的形象。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The Congress will push me to raise taxes, and I'll say no, and they'll push, and I'll say no, and they'll push again, and I'll say to them, "Read my lips, no new taxes."
布什（档案）：国会将推动我提高税收，我会说不，他们会推动，我会说不，他们会再次推动，我会对他们说，“读我的嘴唇，没有新的税收。”
Nicholas Brady, campaign aide: It appealed to his sense of good fun.
尼古拉斯·布雷迪（Nicholas Brady），竞选助手：这激发了他的乐趣。
And he did it with gusto, and of course it knocked the ball out of the park.
他满怀热情地做到了，当然，这把球击出了公园。
Richard Darman, campaign aide: I thought it was ill advised, and I argued against keeping it in.
理查德·达曼（Richard Darman），竞选助手：我认为这是不明智的，我反对保留它。
The "no new taxes" part was going to be very difficult to live with.
“不征收新税”的部分将很难接受。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: It was the single best speech of Bush's career.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：这是布什职业生涯中最好的一次演讲。
It was Bush at his most animated.
It was Bush at his most animated.
It was Bush at his most telegenic.
It was Bush at his most telegenic.
The camera does not love George Bush instinctively.
镜头并不是本能地喜欢乔治·布什。
He never did any better than-than this speech, even as president.
即使作为总统，他也从未做过比这次演讲更好的演讲。
Narrator: Bush had cut Dukakis's lead in half.
Narrator: Bush had cut Dukakis's lead in half.
After Labor Day the attack on Dukakis intensified.
劳动节过后，对杜卡基斯的袭击愈演愈烈。
Announcer, Bush campaign ad: Dukakis not only opposes the death penalty, he allowed first degree murderers to have weekend passes from prison.
播音员，布什竞选广告：杜卡基斯不仅反对死刑，还允许一级杀人犯获得监狱的周末通行证。
One was Willie Horton, who murdered a boy in a robbery stabbing him 19 times.
其中一位是威利·霍顿 (Willie Horton)，他在一次抢劫中刺伤了一名男孩 19 刀，杀害了一名男孩。
Despite a life sentence, Horton received ten weekend passes from prison.
尽管被判无期徒刑，霍顿还是从监狱里收到了十张周末通行证。
Weekend prison passes.
周末监狱通行证。
Dukakis on crime.
杜卡基斯谈犯罪。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: The official Republican campaign did not resort to those scare ads.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：共和党官方竞选活动并没有诉诸那些恐吓广告。
But there was another committee, that used the menacing black face of Willie Horton but it would be very hard for you and me to really disassociate those two.
但还有另一个委员会，使用了威利·霍顿那张凶恶的黑脸，但你我很难真正将两者分开。
James Baker: Now, there was an independent group that ran an ad with Willie Horton's picture, which we finally got them to stop running.
詹姆斯·贝克：现在，有一个独立团体投放了带有威利·霍顿照片的广告，我们最终让他们停止投放。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: Baker writes a letter asking them to cease and desist from the use of the racial attacks, scare attacks about Horton.
赫伯特·帕尔梅特，传记作者：贝克写了一封信，要求他们停止对霍顿进行种族攻击和恐吓攻击。
The damage has already been done.
The damage has already been done.
Narrator: The offending ad played for 25 days before it was yanked.
旁白：该违规广告播放了 25 天后被撤下。
Then campaign manager Baker launched the authorized one.
随后，竞选经理贝克推出了授权版。
Announcer, Bush campaign ad: His revolving door prison policy gave weekend furloughs to first-degree murderers not eligible for parole.
播音员，布什竞选广告：他的旋转门监狱政策为没有资格假释的一级杀人犯提供周末休假。
While out, many committed other crimes like kidnapping and rape.
在外出期间，许多人犯下了绑架和强奸等其他罪行。
Now Michael Dukakis says he wants to do for America what he's done for Massachusetts.
现在迈克尔·杜卡基斯说他想为美国做他为马萨诸塞州所做的事情。
America cannot afford that risk.
America cannot afford that risk.
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III, friend: That was not going negative.
Baker, III, friend: That was not going negative.
Governor Dukakis supported a prison furlough bill as governor of Massachusetts.
杜卡基斯州长作为马萨诸塞州州长支持监狱休假法案。
And all we did was point out that he had done that.
我们所做的只是指出他已经这么做了。
Michael Dukakis (archival): Yes it was a terrible human tragedy.
迈克尔·杜卡基斯（档案）：是的，这是一场可怕的人类悲剧。
And I accepted responsibility for it.
And I accepted responsibility for it.
And changed the program.
并改变了程序。
Evan Thomas: One of the ironies of George Bush's life is that a fundamentally decent man presided over a moment when politics got meaner and rougher.
埃文·托马斯：乔治·布什一生的讽刺之一是，一个本质上正派的人主持了一个政治变得更加卑鄙和粗暴的时刻。
'88 was the year of the handler, of bringing in political consultants who played very hard and very tough.
88 年是管理者的一年，引入了非常努力、非常强硬的政治顾问。
Now, they'd always been around in politics.
Now, they'd always been around in politics.
They weren't invented in 1988.
They weren't invented in 1988.
But 1988 was kind of a rough, trivial campaign.
但 1988 年是一场艰难、琐碎的竞选活动。
Lee Atwater and these henchmen for Bush looking for the so-called wedge issues, not really staying on the high road and talking about the great issues of the day, but rather sniping at their opponent to find some weakness in him.
李·阿特沃特和布什的这些追随者寻找所谓的楔子问题，并不是真正停留在高调上谈论当今的重大问题，而是狙击他们的对手，寻找他的弱点。
And Bush put up with that.
And Bush put up with that.
Sam Donaldson (archival): Did you see in the paper that Willie Horton said if he could vote he would vote for you?
萨姆·唐纳森（档案）：你在报纸上看到威利·霍顿说如果他可以投票的话他会投票给你吗？
Herbert Parmet, biographer: I think it was one of the dirtiest campaigns in American history.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：我认为这是美国历史上最肮脏的竞选活动之一。
The whole concept of smearing the term liberalism.
整个概念都在抹黑自由主义这个词。
The whole concept of making that into a dirty word -- the L word.
把它变成一个肮脏的词的整个概念——L词。
He made his compromise, just like his made his compromise with Reagan, saying yes, he'd be against all abortions.
他做出了妥协，就像他与里根做出的妥协一样，他说是的，他会反对所有堕胎。
George is pragmatic.
乔治很务实。
You have to win in order to put your principles into effect.
你必须获胜才能将你的原则付诸实施。
Without winning, you can't achieve anything.
Without winning, you can't achieve anything.
These are the accommodations that George had to make for politics.
这些都是乔治为了政治而必须做出的妥协。
Narrator: In November 1988 George Herbert Walker Bush soundly defeated Michael Dukakis to become the first sitting vice president since Martin Van Buren in 1836 to be elected president.
旁白：1988 年 11 月，乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什 (George Herbert Walker Bush) 彻底击败迈克尔·杜卡基斯 (Michael Dukakis)，成为自 1836 年马丁·范布伦 (Martin Van Buren) 当选总统以来第一位在任副总统。
Ronald Reagan, who had doubts about Bush eight years earlier, came to feel he was the most qualified president-elect in American history.
八年前对布什抱有怀疑的罗纳德·里根逐渐觉得他是美国历史上最有资格的当选总统。
They became good friends.
他们成了好朋友。
When Bush went to the Oval office for the first time as President, a note from Reagan read: God bless you and Barbara.
当布什作为总统第一次前往椭圆形办公室时，里根的一张纸条上写着：上帝保佑你和芭芭拉。
I'll miss our Thursday lunches.
我会想念我们周四的午餐的。
You'll have moments when you want to use this stationery.
您有时会想使用这款文具。
Bush placed the note in his desk.
Bush placed the note in his desk.
On the desk he placed a picture of Robin.
他在桌子上放了一张罗宾的照片。
They would remain there for his entire term in office.
他们将在他的整个任期内留在那里。
The first photo was with his mother.
第一张照片是和他母亲的。
His competitive spirit had come from her.
他的竞争精神来自于她。
And his sense of modesty.
还有他的谦虚感。
She had taught him never to call attention to himself.
她教导他永远不要引起别人的注意。
Yet for eight years he had seen Reagan inspire Americans with a sense of drama and celebratory spectacle.
然而八年来，他看到里根以戏剧性和庆祝场面激励美国人。
Reagan's conservative revolution had swept him to the national stage.
Reagan's conservative revolution had swept him to the national stage.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush was Ronald Reagan's heir.
布什是罗纳德·里根的继承人。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: He spent the entire eight years as vice president traveling the length and breadth of this country, saying "trust me, I am a conservative, and if I am ever elected president of the United States I will govern as a conservative." We didn't expect him to be another Ronald Reagan, but we did expect that he would keep his clear promises and he would govern as a right-of-center president.
理查德·维盖里（Richard Viguerie），保守派活动人士：在担任副总统的整个八年里，他走遍了这个国家，说“相信我，我是一个保守派，如果我当选美国总统，我将以保守派的身份执政。”我们没想到他会成为另一个罗纳德·里根，但我们确实期望他会信守明确的承诺，并以中间偏右的总统身份执政。
Narrator: Bush was Ronald Reagan's heir.
旁白：布什是罗纳德·里根的继承人。
He was Prescott Bush's son.
他是普雷斯科特·布什的儿子。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: There you have the conundrum of the Bush Presidency.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：这就是布什总统任期内的难题。
He was looking over one shoulder and seeing where the Republican Party was going.
他正在观察共和党的走向。
And over the other shoulder, he saw his own lineage, his own tradition.
在另一边肩膀上，他看到了自己的血统、自己的传统。
He saw his father, Prescott Bush.
他看到了他的父亲普雷斯科特·布什。
He saw Dwight Eisenhower.
他看到了德怀特·艾森豪威尔。
And he saw Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, who in retrospect are seen as moderate conservatives.
他还看到了理查德·尼克松和杰拉尔德·福特，现在回想起来，他们被视为温和的保守派。
Narrator: Now, with a chance to be his own man, George Bush began to distance himself from Reagan.
旁白：现在，乔治·布什有了一个做自己人的机会，他开始与里根保持距离。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: First thing that he does is -- through his transition team, which was run in part by his son, George W., was went in and booted all of the Reagan appointees, and told them, with a great deal of harshness, that they were to be out of town before sundown.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：他做的第一件事是——通过他的过渡团队（部分由他的儿子乔治·W·布什管理）介入并解雇了所有里根任命的人，并非常严厉地告诉他们，他们要在日落之前离开城镇。
It was an ideological housecleaning, and Reagan appointees are shown the door, in a harsh transition that makes it look like a Democrat is coming in.
这是一场意识形态大扫除，里根任命的官员被扫地出门，这是一个严峻的过渡，看起来像是民主党即将上任。
Narrator: Wasting little time, Bush tackled some of the problems he inherited.
旁白：布什很快就解决了他继承的一些问题。
On the domestic front, he decided to clean up a messy banking problem that Reagan and Congress had all but ignored.
在国内方面，他决定清理里根和国会几乎忽视的混乱的银行业问题。
In 1986, when the real estate market collapsed, hundreds of savings and loan banks had gone bust.
1986年，房地产市场崩溃，数百家储蓄和贷款银行破产。
The cost of bailing out depositors was pushing $50 billion and was projected to triple.
救助储户的成本已高达 500 亿美元，预计将增加两倍。
Bush knew it would be expensive and politically thankless.
布什知道这将是昂贵的，而且在政治上吃力不讨好。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: You do it, not to advance your interests.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：你这样做，不是为了提升你的利益。
You do it because it's in the interest of millions of people who will never vote for you and will certainly never give you any credit for doing it.
你这样做是因为这符合数百万人的利益，他们永远不会投票给你，也永远不会因为你这样做而给予你任何荣誉。
That's responsibility.
这就是责任。
That's accountability.
这就是责任。
That's the old establishment way of discharging the privileges of leadership.
That's the old establishment way of discharging the privileges of leadership.
Herbert Parmet, biographer: He's separating himself from Reagan.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特：他正在与里根分道扬镳。
One of the things that haunted Bush all the way through was his being compared to Reagan.
自始至终困扰布什的一件事就是将他与里根相比较。
And immediately, from his acceptance speech, "a gentler and kinder country," he's separating himself from Reagan.
从他的获奖感言中，他立即将自己与里根区分开来，“一个更温和、更仁慈的国家”。
And this was some of the major residue of the Reagan administration.
这是里根政府的一些主要残余。
Narrator: In Nicaragua, he agreed to withdraw support from the counter-revolutionary Contras if the Marxist Sandinista government agreed to free elections.
旁白：在尼加拉瓜，如果马克思主义桑地诺政府同意自由选举，他同意撤回对反革命反对派的支持。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: President Bush began to act quite differently from Candidate Bush.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利，传记作者：布什总统的行为开始与候选人布什截然不同。
One of his first initiatives was to push for elections in Nicaragua, and to take Nicaragua off the front burner of U.S. foreign policy.
他的首要举措之一是推动尼加拉瓜举行选举，并让尼加拉瓜不再是美国外交政策的焦点。
He didn't want to continue the divisive American debate.
他不想让美国的分歧继续下去。
Narrator: Bush also confronted the question of how to deal with a rapidly changing Soviet Union.
旁白：布什还面临着如何应对迅速变化的苏联的问题。
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev had pledged at the United Nations to renounce the use of force and withdraw one-half million troops from Eastern Europe.
苏联总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫在联合国承诺放弃使用武力，并从东欧撤出五十万军队。
Many Russian experts felt the Cold War was over -- even the "Wise Man" who 45 years earlier had devised the policy of containing the Soviet Union.
许多俄罗斯专家都认为冷战已经结束，甚至连45年前制定遏制苏联政策的“智者”也是如此。
Colin Powell: President Bush came into office realizing a lot had been done under President Reagan, but there was still a Soviet Union.
Colin Powell: President Bush came into office realizing a lot had been done under President Reagan, but there was still a Soviet Union.
It hadn't gone away.
它并没有消失。
It still had all of its missiles.
它仍然保留着所有的导弹。
It still had its troops, and so it wasn't entirely clear what was going to happen.
它仍然有军队，所以还不完全清楚会发生什么。
Mr. Gorbachev was a very charismatic figure, but it wasn't clear whether or not he had the whole Soviet governmental structure with him, governmental structure with him.
戈尔巴乔夫先生是一位非常有魅力的人物，但不清楚他是否拥有整个苏联政府结构，政府结构是否与他在一起。
And so there was the degree of caution and a degree of, let's study this.
And so there was the degree of caution and a degree of, let's study this.
Narrator: Four months into his term, Bush responded to Gorbachev.
旁白：布什上任四个月后，对戈尔巴乔夫做出了回应。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Ultimately, our objective is to welcome the Soviet Union back into the world order.
布什（档案）：最终，我们的目标是欢迎苏联重返世界秩序。
Containment worked and now is the time to move beyond containment to a new policy for the 1990s -- one that recognizes the full scope of change taking place around the world and in the Soviet Union itself.
遏制措施取得了成效，现在是时候超越遏制，采取 20 世纪 90 年代的新政策了——这一政策承认世界各地和苏联本身正在发生的全面变化。
Narrator: The response, many felt, was too timid.
旁白：许多人认为，这种反应太胆怯了。
A New York Times editorial said if an alien spacecraft landed and looked for earth's leader, it would be taken to Mikhail Gorbachev.
《纽约时报》的一篇社论称，如果一艘外星飞船着陆并寻找地球领袖，它将被带到米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫那里。
Pavel Palazchenko, Foreign Ministry, Soviet Union: Gorbachev was encouraging reforms, definitely.
帕维尔·帕拉琴科（Pavel Palazchenko），苏联外交部：戈尔巴乔夫无疑是在鼓励改革。
And he believed and said that if we wanted change in our country, if we wanted to abandon the old system in our country, how could we prohibit or inhibit change in our neighbors?
他相信并说，如果我们想要改变我们的国家，如果我们想要放弃我们国家的旧制度，我们怎么能禁止或抑制我们邻国的改变呢？
Narrator: Bush did not meet the Soviet leader for almost a year.
旁白：布什已经快一年没有见到苏联领导人了。
He did respond to the changes Gorbachev had encouraged in Eastern Europe.
He did respond to the changes Gorbachev had encouraged in Eastern Europe.
In Poland the anti-government Solidarity movement routed the Communists in free elections, the first break in the Iron Curtain in more than 40 years.
在波兰，反政府团结工会运动在自由选举中击败了共产党，这是 40 多年来铁幕的首次突破。
The challenge for Bush when he arrived in Warsaw in July 1989 was not to provoke a backlash by Poland's communist leader Gen.
The challenge for Bush when he arrived in Warsaw in July 1989 was not to provoke a backlash by Poland's communist leader Gen.
Jarezelski or Kremlin hardliners.
雅雷泽尔斯基或克里姆林宫强硬派。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your hospitable and gracious words of welcome.
Bush (archival): Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your hospitable and gracious words of welcome.
We extend the heartfelt best wishes of the American people, and here in the heart of Europe, the American people have a fervent wish -- that Europe be whole and free.
我们向美国人民致以最诚挚的祝愿，在欧洲的心脏地带，美国人民热切地希望欧洲能够完整和自由。
Narrator: Bush spent time with Poland's reform leader Lech Walesa.
旁白：布什与波兰改革领袖莱赫·瓦文萨共度时光。
He spent more time with Jaruzelski.
他和雅鲁泽尔斯基在一起的时间更多了。
John Sununu, Chief of Staff: The President, I think, really understood that a lot of the folks that were there doing the Russians' bidding were still Poles first, and cared about their country.
参谋长约翰·苏努努：我认为，总统确实明白，许多听命于俄罗斯人的人首先仍然是波兰人，并且关心他们的国家。
And he tried to create a structure in which the strong hand, supported by the Soviet Union, became a part of the solution rather than opposition to the solution.
他试图建立一种结构，使苏联支持的强手成为解决方案的一部分，而不是反对解决方案。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council: He was determined that no one was going to feel that they had been defeated.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：他决心不让任何人感到自己被击败了。
He was very aware, I think, of the Versailles syndrome that Germany had felt defeated after World War I, humiliated after World War I, and that had brought to power Adolf Hitler.
我认为，他非常清楚凡尔赛综合症，即德国在第一次世界大战后感到失败，在第一次世界大战后感到羞辱，而正是这种综合症让阿道夫·希特勒上台。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: He saw what was going on in Eastern Europe as a very delicate process that involved holding the hands of both the reformers and the old style communists.
传记作者蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali）：他认为东欧正在发生的事情是一个非常微妙的过程，涉及改革者和旧式共产主义者的双手。
John Sununu, Chief of Staff: It was an art form that George Bush was very good at.
John Sununu, Chief of Staff: It was an art form that George Bush was very good at.
He understood the- that most people generally have good intentions.
He understood the- that most people generally have good intentions.
You just have to find a way to get them to work together in order to bring them forward.
You just have to find a way to get them to work together in order to bring them forward.
Narrator: Bush encouraged the reforms Gorbachev had allowed.
Narrator: Bush encouraged the reforms Gorbachev had allowed.
His active role came after the reform movement spread to East Germany.
在改革运动蔓延到东德之后，他发挥了积极的作用。
In August East Germans sought asylum at the West German missions in Prague and in East Berlin.
八月，东德人向布拉格和东柏林的西德使团寻求庇护。
Then Hungary opened its borders to Austria, and East German tourists fled into Austria.
Then Hungary opened its borders to Austria, and East German tourists fled into Austria.
As protests for reform grew in East Germany, the British and the French grew more worried about a reunified Germany.
As protests for reform grew in East Germany, the British and the French grew more worried about a reunified Germany.
In the first half of the 20th century they suffered from German aggression in two world wars.
In the first half of the 20th century they suffered from German aggression in two world wars.
In the second half, with Germany divided, Europe had been at peace.
In the second half, with Germany divided, Europe had been at peace.
The possibility of a reunited Germany almost 50 years after Hitler did not worry George Bush.
The possibility of a reunited Germany almost 50 years after Hitler did not worry George Bush.
Reporter (archival): Mr. President, do you think a reunified Germany would be a stabilizing force in Europe or a destabilizing force?
记者（档案）：主席先生，您认为统一的德国将成为欧洲的稳定力量还是破坏稳定力量？
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I think there is in some quarters a feeling a reunified Germany would be detrimental to the peace of Europe, of Western Europe in some way, and I don't accept that at all, simply don't.
布什（档案）：我认为在某些方面有一种感觉，统一的德国会在某种程度上损害欧洲、西欧的和平，我根本不接受这一点，就是不接受。
Narrator: They "can't turn back the clock", Bush told the New York Times.
旁白：布什告诉《纽约时报》，他们“无法让时光倒流”。
"The change is too inexorable." One writer called this a "verbal volley heard around the world."
“变化太无情了。”一位作家称这是“世界各地都能听到的言语攻击”。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : His pronouncements before the wall came down were probably among the most unstaffed comments by any president of the United States.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：他在柏林墙倒塌前发表的声明可能是历任美国总统中最无人知晓的言论之一。
I can tell you that was wonderful, to have the President come out and say, "Germany ought to unify, and unify as quickly as it can, on terms that are acceptable to Germans." Because we didn't have any debates inside the administration about whether Germany ought to unify.
我可以告诉你，这真是太棒了，总统出来说：“德国应该统一，而且是按照德国人可以接受的条件尽快统一。”因为我们政府内部没有就德国是否应该统一进行任何辩论。
The President had already said it was going to unify.
总统已经说过要统一。
Our job then was just to make it happen.
当时我们的工作就是让它发生。
He was out in front of all of us.
他就在我们所有人面前。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: Germany loomed large in the history of postwar Europe, and arguably of the whole U.S.-Soviet competition.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali），传记作者：德国在战后欧洲的历史上，甚至在整个美苏竞争的历史上，都显得举足轻重。
The Soviets felt that their share of Germany was a prize that they had won for beating Hitler.
苏联人认为，他们在德国的份额是他们击败希特勒而赢得的奖品。
They also saw their slice of Germany as their front line, as a defense against future attacks.
他们还将德国的一部分视为前线，以防御未来的袭击。
Bush saw that with care, he could get the Soviets to give up what had been their great prize.
布什认为，只要小心翼翼，他就能让苏联放弃他们曾经获得的巨大战利品。
This is where Bush actually got ahead of most of the foreign policy analysts and most of the leaders in the free world.
这就是布什实际上领先于大多数外交政策分析师和自由世界大多数领导人的地方。
Narrator: The Soviets had built the wall dividing Berlin in 1961 to keep the East Germans from fleeing.
旁白：苏联人于1961年修建了柏林墙，以防止东德人逃跑。
In early November 1989 Gorbachev prodded East Germany's leader to open its borders to "avoid an explosion." Within days, the Berlin Wall, the very symbol of the Cold War, was breeched.
1989 年 11 月初，戈尔巴乔夫敦促东德领导人开放边境，以“避免爆炸”。几天之内，冷战象征的柏林墙就倒塌了。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Well, I don't think any single event is the end to what you might call the Iron Curtain, but clearly this is a long way from the harsh days, the harshest Iron Curtain days -- a long way from that.
布什（档案）：嗯，我不认为任何单一事件都会导致所谓的铁幕的结束，但显然，这距离严酷的日子、最严酷的铁幕日子还有很长的路要走——离那还很远。
Reporter (archival): In what you just said, that this is a great victory.
记者（档案）：您刚才说，这是一次伟大的胜利。
You don't seem elated.
你看起来并不高兴。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I am elated.
布什（档案）：我很高兴。
I'm not a very emotional kind of guy.
我不是一个很情绪化的人。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: He famously said that his mother told him as a boy not to indulge in braggadocio.
理查德·诺顿·史密斯，总统历史学家：他有一句名言，他的母亲告诉他小时候不要沉迷于吹牛。
And if there was ever a time when any other American president would have been tempted to indulge in braggadocio, it was 1898-1990, the end of the Cold War, the great victory of the West over the Marxist experiment, over the "evil empire."
如果说有哪个美国总统会忍不住吹牛的话，那就是 1898 年至 1990 年，当时是冷战的结束，也是西方战胜马克思主义实验、战胜“邪恶帝国”的伟大胜利。
Narrator: The wall had inspired some of the most memorable post-war presidential rhetoric.
旁白：这堵墙激发了一些战后最令人难忘的总统言论。
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy: And therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words, Ich bin ein Berliner.
肯尼迪：因此，作为一个自由人，我对“Ich bin ein Berliner”这句话感到自豪。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Any other president would have gotten in a plane and flown to Berlin, and beat his breast, and engaged in "I told you so" triumphalism.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：任何其他总统都会乘坐飞机飞往柏林，捶胸顿足，表现出“我早就告诉过你了”的必胜主义。
And Bush not only didn't need to do that, he had the strength of character to resist everyone around him who told him that that's what he should do as President of the United States and leader of the free world.
布什不仅不需要这样做，而且他有坚强的性格来抵制他周围的每个人，这些人告诉他这是他作为美国总统和自由世界领导人应该做的事情。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : I was one of those who thought he should go to Berlin, he should be at the wall; for Kennedy, for Reagan, for all of those who had wanted the wall to come down, he should go there.
康多莉扎·赖斯 (Condoleezza Rice)，苏联问题专家、国家安全委员会：我是那些认为他应该去柏林、他应该在柏林墙边的人之一；对于肯尼迪，对于里根，对于所有希望柏林墙倒塌的人来说，他应该去那里。
From his point of view, this was a German moment.
从他的角度来看，这是一个德国时刻。
He wanted to have the end of the division of Germany be a German moment.
他希望德国分裂的结束成为德国的时刻。
It was a moment for Germany to come to terms with its division.
这是德国接受分裂的时刻。
And it was a moment for Germany to celebrate that that division had ended.
这是德国庆祝分裂结束的时刻。
Narrator: Bush's self restraint was more than modesty and courtesy.
旁白：布什的自我克制不仅仅是谦虚和礼貌。
He had geo-politics in mind.
他考虑的是地缘政治。
He remembered when Hungarians revolted against their Soviet backed regime in 1956 and the CIA had led Hungarians to believe the U.S. would rush to their support.
他记得 1956 年匈牙利人反抗苏联支持的政权时，中央情报局让匈牙利人相信美国会急忙支持他们。
He did not want East Germans to expect the U.S. Army to rescue them if the Soviets ordered a crackdown.
他不希望东德人指望如果苏联下令镇压，美国陆军就会营救他们。
More important, Bush wanted to work with Gorbachev to end the Cold War.
更重要的是，布什希望与戈尔巴乔夫合作结束冷战。
He worried that grandstanding in Berlin could provoke a coup in Moscow.
他担心柏林的哗众取宠可能会引发莫斯科政变。
Pavel Palazchenko, Foreign Ministry, Soviet Union: He actually said to Gorbachev on the phone that "I will not be dancing on the wall." That is, I think, something that Gorbachev appreciated, because he didn't want additional problems for himself within the country, from the hardliners, from the conservatives within the party, if anything happened that could have been conceived as humiliating to Gorbachev.
苏联外交部帕维尔·帕拉琴科：他实际上在电话中对戈尔巴乔夫说“我不会在墙上跳舞”。我认为，这是戈尔巴乔夫所欣赏的，因为如果发生任何可能被视为羞辱戈尔巴乔夫的事情，他不希望自己在国内、党内的强硬派、保守派身上遇到额外的问题。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of that cool-headedness and delicate approach at a time of international change, revolutionary change in international politics.
传记作者蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：在国际变革、国际政治发生革命性变革的时代，这种冷静和微妙的态度的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
Narrator: At home Bush's restraint was met with criticism and ridicule.
旁白：在国内，布什的克制遭到了批评和嘲笑。
Senator George Mitchell (archival): I urge President Bush to express the sense of elation that all Americans feel as the East German people and erase barriers that have imprisoned them for decades.
参议员乔治·米切尔（档案）：我敦促布什总统表达所有美国人作为东德人民所感受到的兴高采烈的感觉，并消除几十年来禁锢他们的障碍。
Senator Richard Gephardt, House Majority Leader (archival): Even as the walls of he modern Jericho come tumbling down, we have a president who at least for now is inadequate to the moment.
参议员理查德·格普哈特（众议院多数党领袖）（档案）：即使现代杰里科的城墙倒塌，我们的总统至少目前还不能胜任。
Bush impersonator (Dana Carvey): The wall coming down.
布什模仿者（达纳·卡维）：墙倒塌了。
Me?
我？
Enthusiastic but prudent.
热情但谨慎。
Out in front of the situation -- not too far.
就在形势的前面——不是太远。
Playing it just right.
玩得恰到好处。
Narrator: East and West Germans voted to unify, and Bush wanted the unified Germany in the Western camp, in NATO.
旁白：东德和西德人投票决定统一，布什希望统一的德国属于西方阵营，属于北约。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : Gorbachev was clearly not predisposed to have a unified Germany be in NATO.
国家安全委员会苏联问题专家康多莉扎·赖斯：戈尔巴乔夫显然不希望统一的德国加入北约。
How could that be good, from Russian- the Soviet point of view?
从俄罗斯和苏联的角度来看，这怎么可能是好事呢？
The divided Germany had, after all, been the epicenter of that ideological conflict, and the Soviet Union had most of its Warsaw Pact forces and clearly its most elite forces in East Germany.
毕竟，分裂的德国是这场意识形态冲突的中心，而苏联的大部分华沙条约部队以及显然最精锐的部队都在东德。
So how was this going to work?
那么这将如何运作呢？
Narrator: Bush and Gorbachev tackled this issue at a summit in Washington in early June 1990.
旁白：1990年6月初，布什和戈尔巴乔夫在华盛顿举行的峰会上讨论了这个问题。
Mikhail Gorbachev (translated): I said, "We want Germany to be neutral." That was our initial position that we proposed.
米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫（翻译）：我说，“我们希望德国保持中立。”这是我们提出的最初立场。
This was the subject of very passionate debate.
这是非常激烈辩论的主题。
President Bush said, "Why are you afraid of Germany?" I said, "Well, my impression is that you are afraid of Germany, because you are afraid to set Germany free from NATO.
布什总统说：“你为什么害怕德国？”我说：“嗯，我的印象是你害怕德国，因为你害怕让德国脱离北约。
We are not afraid of Germany out of NATO.
我们不害怕德国退出北约。
Why should we be afraid?
我们为什么要害怕？
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : President Bush said, and of course the Helsinki accords which we had all signed in 1975 allow that any state in Europe can choose its alliances.
国家安全委员会苏联专家康多莉扎·赖斯：布什总统说，当然，我们在 1975 年签署的赫尔辛基协议允许欧洲任何国家都可以选择其联盟。
So once there's a unified Germany, it can choose its alliances.
因此，一旦德国统一，它就可以选择自己的联盟。
And Gorbachev said, "That's right."
戈尔巴乔夫说：“没错。”
Mikhail Gorbachev (translated): Yes.
米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫（翻译）：是的。
I said, "Well, if you insist, then it is not up to us to decide which alliance Germany would join, so let the Germans decide whether they would want to be a part of the Warsaw Treaty or a part of NATO or to be a neutral country."
我说：“好吧，如果你坚持的话，那么德国加入哪个联盟不是由我们来决定的，所以让德国人决定他们是否愿意成为华沙条约的一部分或北约的一部分，或者成为一个中立国家。”
Brent Snowcraft: And his associates at the table started talking among themselves, Russians, and they called a halt to the meeting, and they went off in the corner and had a debate.
布伦特·斯诺克拉夫特：他的同桌的同事们开始互相交谈，俄罗斯人，他们叫停了会议，然后走到角落里进行了辩论。
It was really, really something.
这真的非常非常重要。
And they tried to get Gorbachev to back away from that statement, that the German -- it was up to the Germans.
他们试图让戈尔巴乔夫放弃德国人的说法，这取决于德国人。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : And we actually called the Russians that night and said, "Now, when President Bush says this in his press conference statement, is President Gorbachev going to say yes, or is he going to contradict him?" And we waited long hours.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：那天晚上我们实际上给俄罗斯人打电话说，“现在，当布什总统在新闻发布会上这么说时，戈尔巴乔夫总统会答应，还是会反驳他？”我们等了很长时间。
I remember going home and waiting well into the night.
我记得回家后一直等到深夜。
And finally the call came.
终于电话来了。
Yes, in fact, President Gorbachev was going to be fine.
是的，事实上，戈尔巴乔夫总统不会有事的。
He wouldn't contradict it.
他不会反驳。
And then we all held our breath through the press conference.
然后我们在新闻发布会上都屏住了呼吸。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I believe as do Chancellor Kohl and the members of the alliance believe Germany should be a full member of NATO.
布什（档案）：我相信科尔总理和联盟成员也相信德国应该成为北约的正式成员。
President Gorbachev frankly does not hold that view.
戈尔巴乔夫总统坦率地不持这种观点。
But we are in full agreement that the matter of alliance membership is in accordance with the Helsinki Final Act a matter for the Germans to decide.
但我们完全同意，联盟成员资格问题应根据《赫尔辛基最终法案》由德国人决定。
Pavel Palazchenko, Foreign Ministry, Soviet Union: Bush said to Gorbachev, "I do understand why you have doubts about Germany.
帕维尔·帕拉琴科（Pavel Palazchenko），苏联外交部：布什对戈尔巴乔夫说：“我确实理解你为什么对德国心存疑虑。
I do understand.
我明白。
I do know the history between the Soviet Union and Germany.
我确实了解苏联和德国之间的历史。
But I believe that Germany has paid its dues, that Germany has paid its debts, and that it is now a responsible nation that will behave responsibly on the international scene." And I think that that argument did have some force with Gorbachev.
但我相信德国已经缴纳了会费，德国已经偿还了债务，而且它现在是一个负责任的国家，将在国际舞台上负责任地行事。”而且我认为这种论点确实对戈尔巴乔夫有一定的影响力。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council : That was one of the seminal moments in unifying Germany.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：那是统一德国的重要时刻之一。
And President George H.W.
还有乔治·H·W·布什总统
Bush was the only person that I think could have pulled it off, just because of his personal qualities and the way that he thought about diplomacy.
我认为布什是唯一能够成功的人，仅仅因为他的个人品质和他对外交的思考方式。
Narrator: Bush considered a united Germany in NATO one of the crowning achievements of his presidency.
旁白：布什认为德国加入北约是其总统任期内最伟大的成就之一。
One historian called it "one of the greatest moments in the history of American statecraft" after Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase and the diplomacy of the so-called Wise Men who, at the start of the Cold War, planned the policy of containing the Soviet Union.
一位历史学家称其为“美国治国史上最伟大的时刻之一”，仅次于杰斐逊购买路易斯安那和所谓智者的外交，这些智者在冷战开始时规划了遏制苏联的政策。
Narrator: On August 1, 1990, Bush's national security advisor informed him that Iraq's Saddam Hussein had invaded neighboring Kuwait in a dispute over oil.
旁白：1990年8月1日，布什的国家安全顾问通知他，伊拉克的萨达姆·侯赛因因石油争端入侵邻国科威特。
Iraq had the fourth largest army in the world.
伊拉克拥有世界第四大军队。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor: Well it's interesting, I told him about it at night, and we scheduled an NSC meeting for early in the morning before he left for Aspen.
国家安全顾问布伦特·斯考克罗夫特（Brent Scowcroft）：这很有趣，我在晚上告诉了他这件事，我们安排了在他前往阿斯彭之前的清晨举行国家安全委员会会议。
It wasn't a decision meeting.
这不是一次决策会议。
But the-the sort of mood in the meeting was: Well, it's a fait accompli.
但会议中的气氛是：嗯，这是既成事实。
It's taken place.
它已经发生了。
We can't do much about it.
我们对此无能为力。
It's halfway around the world.
已经绕了半个地球了。
And sort of: How do we adjust to it?
有点像：我们如何适应它？
Reporter (archival): Mr. President, do you contemplate intervention as one of your options?
记者（档案）：总统先生，您是否考虑将干预作为您的选择之一？
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Yes, Helen.
布什（档案）：是的，海伦。
We are not discussing intervention.
We are not discussing intervention.
I would not discuss any military options.
我不会讨论任何军事选择。
Even if we'd agreed upon them.
即使我们已经同意了。
But one of the things I want to do at this meeting is hear from our Secretary of Defense, our chairman and others.
但我在这次会议上想做的一件事是听取我们的国防部长、我们的主席和其他人的意见。
But I'm not contemplating such actions.
但我并没有考虑采取这样的行动。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: And so when we got on the plane I said, "Mr. President, I was very disturbed at that meeting." And he said, "What do you mean?" And I said, "The next meeting we have when we get back, would you let me speak out first and say what the importance of this was?" And he said, "Why don't I do it?" And I said, "No, because if you do it at the outset, you'll stifle debate.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：所以当我们登上飞机时，我说：“先生。主席先生，我在那次会议上感到非常不安。”他说，“你是什么意思？”我说，“我们回来后举行的下一次会议，你能让我先发言并说明这件事的重要性吗？”他说，“我为什么不这样做？”我说，“不，因为如果你一开始就这样做，你会扼杀辩论。
And you want to- you want to have the debate." But right at the beginning, he made it quite clear, while he didn't say so that early, that this was an unacceptable action.
你想要——你想要进行辩论。”但从一开始，他就明确表示，这是一个不可接受的行为，尽管他没有这么早说。
Narrator: At a conference in Colorado, Bush met an old ally.
旁白：在科罗拉多州的一次会议上，布什遇到了一位老盟友。
Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister: George Bush just said to me, "Margaret, what is your view?" And so indeed, I told him that aggressors must be stopped, not only stopped but they must be thrown out.
英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔：乔治·布什刚刚对我说，“玛格丽特，你的观点是什么？”事实上，我告诉他必须制止侵略者，不仅要制止，而且必须将他们赶出去。
An aggressor cannot gain from his aggression.
侵略者无法从他的侵略中获益。
He must be thrown out.
他必须被赶出去。
But really by that time, I thought in my mind that we must throw him out so decisively that he could never do that again.
但实际上到了那个时候，我心里就想，我们必须果断地把他赶出去，让他再也不能这么做了。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): We find his behavior intolerable in this instance, and so do the rest of the United Nations countries that met last night.
布什（档案）：我们发现他在这种情况下的行为是无法容忍的，昨晚开会的联合国其他国家也是如此。
And reaction from around the world is unanimous in being condemnatory.
世界各地的反应都是一致谴责的。
Narrator: Secretary of State James Baker was in Moscow with a new ally.
旁白：国务卿詹姆斯·贝克和一位新盟友在莫斯科。
For the first time since 1945, the U.S. and the Soviet Union lined up on the same side of an international crisis.
自 1945 年以来，美国和苏联首次在国际危机中站在了同一边。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III, Secretary of State: We met at the airport in Moscow and that to me is when the Cold War really ended, when you had the American Secretary of State and the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union standing shoulder to shoulder in condemning the action of a Soviet client state, and even agreeing, I think at that time, to put an arms embargo on Iraq.
贝克三世，国务卿：我们在莫斯科机场会面，对我来说，那是冷战真正结束的时候，当时美国国务卿和苏联外交部长并肩谴责苏联附庸国的行为，我认为当时甚至同意对伊拉克实施武器禁运。
Narrator: Bush had asked the United Nations to impose economic sanctions on Iraq.
旁白：布什曾要求联合国对伊拉克实施经济制裁。
At a weekend meeting at Camp David, he decided to offer to send U.S. forces to Saudi Arabia to protect its oil fields.
在戴维营举行的周末会议上，他决定提议派遣美军前往沙特阿拉伯，以保护其油田。
When he returned to Washington, he had made another decision.
当他回到华盛顿时，他做出了另一个决定。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: I watched Dad get out of the helicopter, and there was this smoldering intensity to him.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：我看着爸爸从直升机上下来，他身上有一种闷烧般的强度。
He knew that he needed to kick Saddam out of Kuwait, and I don't think he knew at that point exactly how he was going to do it.
他知道他需要将萨达姆赶出科威特，但我认为他当时并不知道他将如何做到这一点。
But there was this sort of focused, intense demeanor that was very different.
但这种专注、强烈的举止却非常不同。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): This will not stand.
布什（档案馆）：这是站不住脚的。
This will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait.
这种对科威特的侵略是站不住脚的。
I've got to go.
我得走了。
I have to go to work.
我得去上班了。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: Bush led with his gut, with his instincts...He was an emotive, an emotional, an intuitive, instinctive leader, much more emotional than people thought.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利，传记作者：布什用他的直觉、他的本能来领导……他是一个情绪化、情绪化、直觉、本能的领导者，比人们想象的更加情绪化。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: I was surprised that he spoke out that quickly.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：我很惊讶他这么快就发言了。
His mind had been made up that one way or another, the Iraqis had to leave Kuwait.
他已经下定决心，无论如何，伊拉克人必须离开科威特。
Colin Powell, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff: Now, that statement, "This will not stand," doesn't translate into how we're going to make it not stand.
参谋长联席会议主席科林·鲍威尔：现在，“这不会成立”的说法并没有转化为我们将如何让它无法成立。
Is it going to be sanctions?
会不会受到制裁？
Is it going to be UN coalition action?
Is it going to be UN coalition action?
Is it going to be unilateral U.S. action?
美国会采取单方面行动吗？
And what exactly is it we're going to do?
And what exactly is it we're going to do?
Narrator: Bush dispatched Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney to Saudi Arabia to convince the Saudis to accept American forces.
旁白：布什派遣国防部长迪克·切尼前往沙特阿拉伯，说服沙特接受美国军队。
Despite warnings the U.S. forces would sully the Muslim holy land, the king accepted the U.S. offer.
尽管警告美军会玷污穆斯林圣地，国王还是接受了美国的提议。
Osama bin Ladin, the 33-year old Islamic fundamentalist who issued the warning, was placed under confinement.
发出警告的 33 岁伊斯兰原教旨主义者奥萨马·本·拉登 (Osama bin Ladin) 被监禁。
The force to protect Saudi Arabia was called Desert Shield.
保护沙特阿拉伯的部队被称为“沙漠之盾”。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): At my direction elements of the 82nd Airborne division as well as key units of the United States Air force are arriving today to take up defensive positions in Saudi Arabia.
布什（档案）：按照我的指示，第 82 空降师以及美国空军的主要部队今天抵达沙特阿拉伯，占据防御阵地。
To assume Iraq will not attack again would be unwise and unrealistic.
假设伊拉克不会再次发动袭击是不明智和不现实的。
If history teaches us anything it is that we must resist aggression or it will destroy our freedoms.
如果历史告诉我们什么的话，那就是我们必须抵制侵略，否则它将摧毁我们的自由。
Appeasement does not work.
Appeasement does not work.
As was the case in the 1930s, we see in Saddam Hussein an aggressive dictator threatening his neighbors.
正如 20 世纪 30 年代的情况一样，我们在萨达姆·侯赛因身上看到了一位威胁邻国的侵略性独裁者。
Narrator: Bush's international contacts from his days at the United Nations, the CIA and eight years as vice president were vast.
旁白：布什在联合国、中央情报局任职以及担任副总统的八年期间，与国际社会的联系非常广泛。
He put his Rolodex to work and talked to 29 heads of state in the first week.
他将名片盒投入使用，第一周就与 29 位国家元首进行了交谈。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: He has enormous people skills.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：他拥有出色的人际交往能力。
He likes to reach out and to talk to people and understand where they're coming from, what they think, what their problems are.
他喜欢伸出援手，与人们交谈，了解他们来自哪里，他们的想法是什么，他们的问题是什么。
And he used to pick up the phone and call foreign leaders, sometimes on specific issues, but frequently not with anything in mind.
他常常拿起电话给外国领导人打电话，有时是针对具体问题，但常常没有任何想法。
Just "How are you?
只是“你好吗？
How are you getting along?" and so on.
How are you getting along?" and so on.
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council: I had studied political science.
国家安全委员会苏联问题专家康多莉扎·赖斯：我学过政治学。
This wasn't what Presidents of the United States did.
这不是美国总统所做的。
What a waste of time, Presidents of the United States!
真是浪费时间，美国总统们！
I realized that what he was doing was building relationships.
我意识到他正在做的是建立关系。
He was very attentive to building relationships before you had to ask someone to do something hard.
在你不得不要求某人做一些困难的事情之前，他非常注重建立关系。
Narrator: In the midst of the crisis, Bush retreated to his family compound in Kennebunkport, Maine.
旁白：在危机期间，布什撤退到缅因州肯纳邦克波特的家族大院。
He had vacationed there every summer of his life except once during World War II.
除了二战期间的一次外，他一生中每个夏天都去那里度假。
He did not let the Gulf crisis keep him from the place he referred to as his "anchor to windward."
他并没有让海湾危机阻止他离开他所说的“迎风之锚”。
Jeb Bush, son: There is a timelessness to the place, about how you treat others, how you love your family.
杰布·布什之子：这个地方有一种永恒的魅力，体现在你如何对待他人、如何爱你的家人。
How you recharge your spirits.
How you recharge your spirits.
There is something that is timeless.
There is something that is timeless.
And it is downright spectacularly beautiful as well.
它也非常美丽。
Narrator: His mobile phone, Rolodex, and staff traveled with him.
旁白：他的手机、名片盒和工作人员随身携带。
Even while fishing for bluefish, Iraq was rarely out of his mind.
即使在捕捞蓝鱼的时候，伊拉克也一直在思考。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: We were out there for four hours.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：我们在那里呆了四个小时。
So we really talked about the world, and what was happening to the world; and we discussed how it could change, and in the sense of building this "new world order" where small countries could feel safe from aggression by other countries, and where the UN Security Council could behave the way its framers thought: the countries with the power could use it to preserve a stable and peaceful world.
所以我们真正谈论了这个世界，以及世界上正在发生的事情；我们讨论了它如何能够改变，从建立这个“世界新秩序”的意义上来说，小国可以感到安全，免受其他国家的侵略，联合国安理会可以按照其制定者的想法行事：拥有权力的国家可以利用它来维护一个稳定与和平的世界。
Narration: Some felt Bush should return to the White House.
旁白：一些人认为布什应该重返白宫。
He was reminded of the Iran hostage crisis and how the attention of President Jimmy Carter, was, he recalled, "controlled by thugs.
他想起了伊朗人质危机，以及吉米·卡特总统的注意力是如何“被暴徒控制的”。
I was absolutely determined that the American people would be spared this a second time."
我绝对决心让美国人民第二次幸免于难。”
Barbara Bush, wife: He played at six so that it would not bother the other members of the club when nobody else was there.
芭芭拉·布什（Barbara Bush），妻子：他六点钟打球，这样当没有其他人在场时，就不会打扰俱乐部的其他成员。
But he loves life.
但他热爱生活。
He loves the boat.
他喜欢这艘船。
He loves to play golf.
他喜欢打高尔夫球。
He used to love tennis beyond belief.
He used to love tennis beyond belief.
I mean he played all those things, and he played them at full speed.
我的意思是他演奏了所有这些东西，而且他全速演奏它们。
Billy Busch, friend: The President loves to drive his boat.
比利·布希（Billy Busch），朋友：总统喜欢驾驶他的船。
Just absolutely loves to get in his boat and go.
只是非常喜欢上他的船去。
And he loves to fish, loves to be out on the water.
他喜欢钓鱼，喜欢在水面上玩耍。
Even if the fishing's not good, it's just great to be on the water.
即使钓得不好，能在水里呆着也是很棒的。
Maybe it's like a freedom.
Maybe it's like a freedom.
President's on his own, driving his own machine, no one else to say, "Do this." It's his.
总统独自一人，驾驶着自己的机器，没有其他人说，“这样做”。这是他的。
Jeb Bush, son: The part that my dad likes the most is the coming back part, where he's going 50-60 miles an hour in this cove.
儿子杰布·布什：我爸爸最喜欢的部分是回来的部分，他在这个海湾中以每小时 50-60 英里的速度行驶。
Pulls back on the velocity and makes this turn that is spectacular, and scares the living heck out of everybody that's never done it before.
降低速度，做出这个令人惊叹的转弯，把以前从未做过的人吓得魂飞魄散。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Very strong fish.
Bush (archival): Very strong fish.
Stronger than he looks like just from looking at it.
比他看上去的还要强大。
Marlin Fitzwater, press secretary: We used to play tennis when it was 95 degrees, and we'd finish two sets and I'd say, "Mr. President, I can't go on anymore.
马林·菲茨沃特，新闻秘书：我们以前在 95 度的时候打网球，我们会打完两盘，我会说，“先生。 President, I can't go on anymore.
I just can't do it." "Oh yes, Marlin, come on.
I just can't do it." "Oh yes, Marlin, come on.
One more -- one more set." And I remember he says, "Don't worry, you stand at the net and I'll just play everything behind you." And I thought, "Oh my God, don't let anybody see this." And so I suddenly the President's feet are going back and forth, back and forth behind me, and I'm not even moving!
再打一盘。”我记得他说，“别担心，你站在网前，我会在你身后打所有的球。”我想，“天哪，不要让任何人看到这个。”所以我突然间总统的脚在我身后来回走动，而我什至一动不动！
And finally I just said, "I cannot do it, Mr. President." He said, "Yes, you can, Marlin.
最后我只是说：“总统先生，我做不到。” He said, "Yes, you can, Marlin.
You stay right there." He was just the most competitive man.
你就待在那里。”他是最有竞争力的人。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Iraq will not be permitted to annex Kuwait.
布什（档案）：伊拉克不会被允许吞并科威特。
And that's not a threat, it's not a boast, it's just the way it's going to be.
这不是威胁，也不是自夸，这只是事情的发展方向。
Narrator: Kuwaitis detailed the horrors of Saddam Hussein's occupation to a Congressional panel.
旁白：科威特人向国会小组详细介绍了萨达姆·侯赛因占领时期的恐怖情况。
Nasir Al-Sabah, Kuwaiti ambassador: They have resorted to acts of mass execution, they have resorted to mass acts of rape, and they have resorted to mass acts of looting and pillaging of my country.
科威特大使纳西尔·萨巴赫：他们对我国采取了大规模处决、大规模强奸、大规模抢劫和掠夺的行为。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And that's what we're dealing with.
布什（档案）：这就是我们正在处理的问题。
We're dealing with Hitler revisited.
We're dealing with Hitler revisited.
A totalitarianism and a brutality that is naked and unprecedented in modern times.
一种赤裸裸的、现代史无前例的极权主义和暴行。
And that must not stand.
但这是站不住脚的。
Narrator: Bush had little faith economic sanctions would convince Saddam Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait.
旁白：布什几乎不相信经济制裁能够说服萨达姆·侯赛因从科威特撤军。
In early November, he doubled the size of the forces committed to Desert Shield.
11月初，他将沙漠之盾的兵力规模增加了一倍。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): After consultation with King Fahd, and our other allies, I have today directed the Secretary of Defense to increase the size of the U.S. forces committed to Desert Shield to ensure that the coalition has an adequate offensive military option should that be necessary to achieve our common goals.
布什（档案）：在与法赫德国王和我们的其他盟友协商后，我今天指示国防部长增加参与“沙漠之盾”的美军规模，以确保联军拥有足够的进攻性军事选择，以实现我们的共同目标。
Narrator: He would now have enough military might to force Saddam to withdraw.
旁白：他现在有足够的军事力量迫使萨达姆撤军。
Members of Congress were shocked that Bush had acted on his own and began hearings on the possibility of a war in Iraq.
国会议员对布什单独行动感到震惊，并开始就伊拉克战争的可能性举行听证会。
Even the architect of the Vietnam War favored economic sanctions instead.
甚至越南战争的缔造者也赞成经济制裁。
Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense, 1961-68 (archival): The point is it's going to be bloody.
罗伯特·麦克纳马拉，国防部长，1961-68（档案）：重点是这将是血腥的。
There are going to be thousands and thousands and thousands of casualties.
将会有成千上万的人员伤亡。
Who can doubt that a year of blockade will be cheaper than a week of war?
谁能怀疑一年的封锁会比一周的战争便宜呢？
Senator Sam Nunn (archival): Of course there are no guarantees on economic sanctions.
参议员萨姆·纳恩（档案）：当然，经济制裁没有任何保证。
There are also no guarantees on war!
There are also no guarantees on war!
Narrator: If attacked, Saddam Hussein threatened to use Western hostages as shields, including children.
旁白：如果受到攻击，萨达姆·侯赛因威胁要用西方人质作为盾牌，其中包括儿童。
If attacked, Saddam threatened to attack Israel.
如果遭到攻击，萨达姆威胁要攻击以色列。
Israelis prepared for chemical warfare.
Israelis prepared for chemical warfare.
The Iraqi leader had not hesitated to use chemical warfare in its eight-year war against Iran -- or against his own people, Kurds in northern Iraq.
这位伊拉克领导人在针对伊朗的八年战争中毫不犹豫地使用了化学战，或者针对他自己的人民，伊拉克北部的库尔德人。
Yet even Iran now backed Iraq and threatened holy war against the U.S. if Iraq were attacked.
然而，就连伊朗现在也支持伊拉克，并威胁说，如果伊拉克遭到袭击，就会对美国发动圣战。
News announcer (archival): Tonight in a televised speech written by Saddam Hussein and read by his spokesman, the Iraqi President again called for the Muslim world to unite in the holy war against America.
新闻播音员（档案）：今晚，在由萨达姆·侯赛因撰写并由其发言人宣读的电视讲话中，伊拉克总统再次呼吁穆斯林世界在针对美国的圣战中团结起来。
"We are the ones who scared America," chant the soldiers, "and if death comes our way we will not be scared."
士兵们高呼：“是我们让美国感到害怕，如果死亡降临到我们身上，我们也不会害怕。”
Narrator: Some feared a war in the Persian Gulf could escalate into World War III.
旁白：一些人担心波斯湾的战争可能升级为第三次世界大战。
Especially if Israel responded to an attack.
特别是如果以色列对袭击做出反应。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): An Iraq permitted to swallow Kuwait would have the economic and military power as well as the arrogance to intimidate and coerce its neighbors.
布什（档案）：允许吞并科威特的伊拉克将拥有经济和军事实力以及恐吓和胁迫其邻国的傲慢。
Neighbors who control the lion's share of the world's remaining oil reserves.
控制着世界剩余石油储量大部分的邻国。
We cannot permit a resource so vital to be dominated by one so ruthless and we won't.
我们不能允许如此重要的资源被如此无情的人所支配，我们也不会。
Narrator: The uncertainty of war and a spike in oil prices had already taken a toll on a fragile economy.
旁白：战争的不确定性和油价的飙升已经对脆弱的经济造成了影响。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III: I went to him and I said, "Mr. President, "You know that this has all the ingredients that have brought down a couple of former presidents.
贝克三世：我去找他说：“贝克先生。”总统先生，“你知道，这具有导致几位前总统下台的所有因素。
It's got $50 oil, body bags," and he said, "I know that, Jimmy, but we're going to do what's right.
它有 50 美元的石油和裹尸袋，”他说，“我知道，吉米，但我们会做正确的事。
This is clearly in the national interest, and whatever happens, so be it." He was determined to do what was right, notwithstanding the political consequences.
这显然符合国家利益，无论发生什么，就这样吧。”他决心做正确的事，不顾政治后果。
Narrator: In his domestic policy, Bush had also done what he thought was right regardless of the political costs, or, his critics charged, the cost to tax payers.
旁白：在他的国内政策上，布什也做了他认为正确的事情，不顾政治成本，或者，他的批评者指责，不顾纳税人的成本。
Bush had signed legislation to help Americans with disabilities and initiated plans to clean up America's polluted air.
布什签署了帮助美国残疾人的立法，并启动了净化美国空气污染的计划。
Senator George Mitchell, Senate Majority Leader: During President Reagan's term, we did try to revise and improve on the Clean Air Act, but President Reagan was adamantly opposed to it and we couldn't get any traction.
参议院多数党领袖乔治·米切尔参议员：在里根总统任期内，我们确实尝试过对《清洁空气法案》进行修改和完善，但里根总统坚决反对，我们没有得到任何推动。
When President Bush took office, he said he wanted clean air legislation.
布什总统上任时表示，他希望制定清洁空气立法。
That completely changed the dynamic.
这完全改变了动态。
The debate changed from "will there be a Clean Air Bill?" to "what will be in the Clean Air Bill?"
争论从“是否会有清洁空气法案？”转变为“是否会有清洁空气法案？”到“《清洁空气法案》将包含哪些内容？”
Narrator: These programs would be costly.
旁白：这些计划的成本很高。
Bush was already committed to solve the savings and loan banking crisis he had inherited from Reagan at a cost of $125 billion.
布什已经承诺花费 1250 亿美元解决他从里根那里继承的储蓄和贷款银行危机。
All these commitments exacerbated a growing budget deficit.
所有这些承诺加剧了不断增长的预算赤字。
Richard Darman, budget director: At that time, revenues were around 19% of gross domestic product and spending was around 23% so there was a gap of 4 or 5%.
预算总监理查德·达曼（Richard Darman）：当时，收入占国内生产总值的19%左右，支出占23%左右，所以存在4%或5%的差距。
And it was projected to stay that way for a long time and then start rising as the baby boom generation would retire.
预计这种情况将持续很长一段时间，然后随着婴儿潮一代的退休而开始上升。
And everybody agreed that that would be unsustainable.
每个人都同意这是不可持续的。
The argument was, what to do about it.
争论的焦点是，该怎么办。
Narrator: Bush considered breaking his campaign pledge not to raise taxes.
旁白：布什考虑违背他不加税的竞选承诺。
This "could mean a one term Presidency," he confided to his diary, "but it's that important for the country."
他在日记中写道，这“可能意味着一届总统任期”，“但这对国家来说非常重要。”
Richard Darman: He knew there was enormous political risk, and he was prepared to pay the price for what he thought was the right thing to do in the circumstances.
理查德·达曼：他知道存在巨大的政治风险，他准备为他认为在这种情况下做的正确的事情付出代价。
Senator George Mitchell: Dick Darman, a very smart fellow, came to see me several times, and he suggested that we have a high level negotiation, from which he said a tax increase would emerge.
参议员乔治·米切尔：迪克·达曼，一个非常聪明的人，多次来见我，他建议我们进行一次高层谈判，他说谈判中将会出现增税。
I said, "Well, how's it going to emerge?" And he said, "Well, it'll just emerge." And I remember he made a fluttering motion with his hands.
我说：“那么，它会怎样出现呢？”他说：“好吧，它就会出现。”我记得他的手做了一个颤动的动作。
Well, we were very suspicious because at about the same time, the President's Chief of Staff, Governor Sununu, said, "Well, if there's any negotiations, in the negotiations the Democrats will propose tax increases and the president will say no." So it was kind of a mixed message.
嗯，我们非常怀疑，因为大约在同一时间，总统办公厅主任苏努努州长说，“好吧，如果有任何谈判，在谈判中民主党将提出增税，总统会拒绝。”所以这是一个混合的信息。
John Sununu, Chief of Staff: I am not as much of a gentleman as the president is, when it comes to hardball politics.
幕僚长约翰·苏努努：在强硬政治方面，我不像总统那么绅士。
I would have made sure that the country knew that the taxes were Mitchell taxes and Foley taxes, not Bush taxes.
我会确保全国人民都知道这些税是米切尔税和福利税，而不是布什税。
Narrator: At a meeting on June 26, 1990, of top Senate and House leaders from both parties, the Democrats agreed to spending cuts and Republicans agreed to raise taxes.
旁白：1990年6月26日，参议院和众议院两党最高领导人举行会议，民主党同意削减开支，共和党同意提高税收。
Narrator: George Bush began to pay the price of his dramatic campaign promise.
旁白：乔治·布什开始为他戏剧性的竞选承诺付出代价。
Reporter (archival): Aren't some voters going to feel you broke your promise, Sir?
记者（档案）：先生，一些选民不会觉得您违背了诺言吗？
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): When the budget negotiators meet tomorrow, they'll begin discussing what this means for he average family -- whether it's higher taxes on gasoline, liquor, inheritance, or on the wealthy.
布什（档案）：当预算谈判代表明天开会时，他们将开始讨论这对普通家庭意味着什么——无论是对汽油、酒类、遗产还是对富人征收更高的税。
And whether Social Security increases and farm subsidies are cut.
以及社会保障是否增加以及农业补贴是否减少。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: I think he betrayed the Reagan revolution in many ways, by new government programs, greatly increased government spending.
理查德·维格里，保守派活动家：我认为他在很多方面背叛了里根革命，通过新的政府计划，大大增加了政府支出。
But the most visible break with Reagan was the "no new taxes," and it'll be one of his legacies that he will have to carry always, that he-he lied and betrayed, because he didn't raise taxes kicking and screaming.
但与里根最明显的分歧是“不再征收新税”，这将是他必须永远继承的遗产之一，他撒谎和背叛，因为他没有大喊大叫地提高税收。
He seemed to be very comfortable doing it.
他似乎很乐意这样做。
Nicholas Brady, Treasury Secretary: If you thought the problem had to be addressed, and you go back and look at how the economy was at that point in time, and you look at the problems that were out there (savings and loan, Third World debt, and a burgeoning deficit), you say, well, I guess we got to deal with it, the cards as they're dealt.
财政部长尼古拉斯·布雷迪：如果你认为这个问题必须得到解决，然后你回头看看当时的经济状况，看看当时存在的问题（储蓄和贷款、第三世界债务和不断扩大的赤字），你会说，好吧，我想我们必须处理这个问题，就如它们所处理的那样。
Narrator: After three months of bargaining, the budget negotiators had a deal.
旁白：经过三个月的讨价还价，预算谈判代表达成协议。
The bipartisan team was ready to announce it.
两党团队已准备好宣布这一消息。
Everyone, including the Republican whip Newt Gingrich, a movement conservative, seemed to be on board.
每个人，包括运动保守派共和党党鞭纽特·金里奇（Newt Gingrich），似乎都参与其中。
John Sununu, Chief of Staff: I had contacted Gingrich to make sure he was comfortable.
参谋长约翰·苏努努：我已经联系了金里奇，以确保他感到舒适。
He said he wasn't thrilled with it but he would support it.
他说他对此并不感到兴奋，但他会支持。
We had touched base with everybody that was part of the team, and gotten their agreement that even though they weren't thrilled with it, they would support it.
我们已经与团队中的每个人进行了接触，并得到了他们的同意，即使他们对此并不感到兴奋，但他们也会支持它。
Narrator: As he had for the Persian Gulf crisis, Bush forged a coalition, this one a bipartisan team of quarreling politicians.
Narrator: As he had for the Persian Gulf crisis, Bush forged a coalition, this one a bipartisan team of quarreling politicians.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
(archival): The bipartisan leaders and I have reached agreement on the Federal Budget.
（档案）：我和两党领导人已就联邦预算达成一致。
Over five years, it would reduce the projected deficit by $500 billion; that is half a trillion dollars.
Over five years, it would reduce the projected deficit by $500 billion; that is half a trillion dollars.
Narrator: One key player on the team never made it to the Rose Garden.
旁白：球队的一位关键球员从未去过玫瑰园。
Newt Gingrich had bolted.
纽特·金里奇逃跑了。
Newt Gingrich (archival): I have to look at this as an independent member of Congress, as an independent member of the Republican leadership, and I have to say as an independent person, is this something I can go home in good conscience and say, "This is the best we could do for the next five years, and I can defend it"?
纽特·金里奇（档案）：我必须作为国会的独立议员、共和党领导层的独立成员来看待这个问题，而且我不得不说，作为一个独立的人，我是否可以带着良心回家并说：“这是我们未来五年可以做的最好的事情，我可以捍卫它”？
My personal belief is no.
我个人的信念是否定的。
Narration: Bush was holding his international coalition together.
旁白：布什正在团结他的国际联盟。
He failed to hold his own party together.
他没能团结自己的政党。
When Democratic Senator Richard Russell failed to support Lyndon Johnson on the Vietnam War in 1963, LBJ faced him down.
When Democratic Senator Richard Russell failed to support Lyndon Johnson on the Vietnam War in 1963, LBJ faced him down.
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Lyndon Johnson in that situation would have said, "Do what I want or I'll cut off your balls." It's hard to imagine George Bush threatening anyone.
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Lyndon Johnson in that situation would have said, "Do what I want or I'll cut off your balls." It's hard to imagine George Bush threatening anyone.
And it is in some ways a sad commentary on the office of the presidency itself, that that is deemed a weakness, a shortcoming.
And it is in some ways a sad commentary on the office of the presidency itself, that that is deemed a weakness, a shortcoming.
Narrator: When Bush realized his budget agreement was going nowhere, he appealed to the American people.
旁白：当布什意识到他的预算协议毫无进展时，他向美国人民发出呼吁。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I ask you to take this initiative: Tell your Congressmen and Senators you support this deficit reduction agreement.
布什（档案）：我请你们采取这一举措：告诉你们的国会议员和参议员你们支持这项赤字削减协议。
Newt Gingrich (archival): In my district as of a few minutes ago, we had 775 phone calls today, 83 percent against the agreement.
Newt Gingrich (archival): In my district as of a few minutes ago, we had 775 phone calls today, 83 percent against the agreement.
And a group of eight economists, seven of whom served in the Reagan administration, came out and said this particular agreement would not be good for the American economy.
由八位经济学家组成的小组（其中七位曾在里根政府任职）站出来表示，这项特殊协议对美国经济不利。
Narrator: Newt Gingrich may well have advanced Reagan's cause.
旁白：纽特·金里奇很可能推动了里根的事业。
George Bush may well have saved Reagan's reputation.
乔治·布什很可能挽救了里根的声誉。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: Had Bush not cleaned up the savings and loan mess, had he not cleaned up the budget problem by breaking his "no new taxes" pledge and raising taxes, Ronald Reagan would be associated with an economic collapse in the United States.
传记作者蒂莫西·纳夫塔利：如果布什没有清理储蓄和贷款的混乱局面，如果他没有通过打破“不增税”承诺并提高税收来解决预算问题，罗纳德·里根就会与美国的经济崩溃联系在一起。
Instead, because George Bush was willing to give Americans strong medicine, Bush gave Reagan a different legacy.
Instead, because George Bush was willing to give Americans strong medicine, Bush gave Reagan a different legacy.
Narrator: Only two days after the president's appeal, the House voted the budget agreement down.
Narrator: Only two days after the president's appeal, the House voted the budget agreement down.
Sixty percent of House Republicans followed Gingrich in what one reporter called a "collective nervous breakdown" in the GOP.
Sixty percent of House Republicans followed Gingrich in what one reporter called a "collective nervous breakdown" in the GOP.
Gingrich's revolt launched him on a path to become Speaker of the House.
金里奇的叛乱使他走上了成为众议院议长的道路。
It also gave the majority Democrats their way on the budget bill.
它还在预算法案上为多数民主党人提供了支持。
Bush was forced to sign a bill that raised not the gasoline tax he and Republicans had favored but an income tax on the rich.
布什被迫签署一项法案，该法案不是提高他和共和党人赞成的汽油税，而是提高富人的所得税。
Senator George Mitchell: What we were trying to do was to pass a budget that was good for the country, that didn't involve us taking the political rap for the difficult part of it.
参议员乔治·米切尔：我们试图做的是通过一项对国家有利的预算，而不是让我们因为其中困难的部分而受到政治指责。
And in that sense, we were able to accomplish that.
从这个意义上说，我们能够实现这一目标。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: George Bush said what he had to say to win the 1988 election, and consequently paid an enormous price.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：乔治·布什说出了他为了赢得1988年大选而不得不说的话，并因此付出了巨大的代价。
So how do you weigh, in the scales of history, his performance?
那么，在历史的尺度上，你如何衡量他的表现呢？
The fact that in a rather craven way, he did what his political advisors said was necessary to win; or, once he had won, he in effect put his presidency at risk by doing what his conscience and his calculations told him was necessary.
事实上，他以一种相当胆怯的方式做了他的政治顾问所说的获胜所必需的事情；或者，一旦他获胜，他的良心和计算告诉他有必要做的事，实际上把他的总统职位置于危险之中。
There's the Faustian bargain of George Bush's presidency.
乔治布什总统任期内有浮士德式的交易。
Narrator: Congress cut a deal with Bush on the deficit but still balked on the use of force in Iraq.
旁白：国会与布什就赤字达成协议，但仍不愿在伊拉克使用武力。
It would be easier to get Congressional support, Bush concluded, if the United Nations were on his side.
布什总结道，如果联合国站在他一边，就会更容易获得国会的支持。
On Nov.
十一月一日
29, Secretary Baker made his case for the use of "all necessary means" to evict Iraq from Kuwait if it did not withdraw by January 15, 1991.
1991年1月29日，国务卿贝克提出，如果伊拉克在1991年1月15日之前不从科威特撤军，将使用“一切必要手段”将伊拉克驱逐出科威特。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III (archival): The result of the voting is as follows.
Baker, III（档案）：投票结果如下。
Twelve votes in favor.
十二票赞成。
Two votes against.
两票反对。
One abstention.
一票弃权。
The draft resolution has been adopted as Resolution 678-1990.
该决议草案已获得通过，成为第678-1990号决议。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III: That UN vote was very important.
Baker, III：联合国的投票非常重要。
But if you ask me whether we would have done it without the vote, we probably would have, because we felt we had the constitutional authority and power to do so.
但如果你问我是否会在没有投票的情况下这样做，我们可能会这样做，因为我们认为我们拥有宪法赋予的权力和权力这样做。
But it was really important to try and get the rest of the world behind us.
但尝试让世界其他地方支持我们确实很重要。
Narrator: After the UN backed the use of force, Secretary Baker made his case to a reluctant Congress.
旁白：在联合国支持使用武力后，贝克国务卿向不情愿的国会提出了自己的理由。
Senator Paul Sarbanes (archival): It seems to me that you have placed us on a course to war.
参议员保罗·萨班斯（档案）：在我看来，你让我们走上了战争的道路。
Now this buildup now of the force almost takes you irresistibly down the path of going to war.
现在，这种力量的积累几乎会让你不可抗拒地走上战争的道路。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III (archival): Politically, Mr. Chairman, we must stand for American leadership, not because we seek it but simply because no one else can do the job.
贝克三世（档案）：主席先生，在政治上，我们必须维护美国的领导地位，不是因为我们寻求它，而是因为没有其他人可以胜任这项工作。
And we did not stand united for 40 years to bring the Cold War to a peaceful end in order to make the world safe for the likes of Saddam Hussein.
40年来，我们并没有团结一致和平结束冷战，让世界对萨达姆·侯赛因这样的人来说是安全的。
Narrator: Congress was still resisting when Secretary Baker met with Iraq's foreign minister in a final attempt at diplomacy.
旁白：当贝克国务卿会见伊拉克外交部长以进行最后的外交尝试时，国会仍在抵制。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III (archival): Ladies and gentlemen, in over six hours, I heard nothing that suggested to me any Iraqi flexibility whatsoever on complying with the United Nations Security Council resolutions.
贝克三世（档案）：女士们，先生们，在六个多小时内，我没有听到任何迹象表明伊拉克在遵守联合国安理会决议方面有任何灵活性。
Narrator: Only then, on January 12, 1991 did Congress narrowly approve the use of force to evict Saddam Hussein from Kuwait.
旁白：直到1991年1月12日，国会才以微弱优势批准使用武力将萨达姆·侯赛因驱逐出科威特。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III: And how did we finally win a vote in the House and the Senate when we were a Republican administration with a Democratic Congress?
贝克三世：当我们是共和党政府和民主党国会时，我们是如何最终在众议院和参议院赢得投票的呢？
We won a vote because we went out and we got the rest of the world to support us.
我们赢得了选票，因为我们走出去，得到了世界其他地方的支持。
So we could go to a Senator and we could say, "Senator, you mean you're not going to support the President of the United States but the president of Ethiopia is going to support him?" And it was very, very effective.
所以我们可以去找一位参议员，我们可以说：“参议员，你的意思是你不会支持美国总统，但埃塞俄比亚总统会支持他？”这非常非常有效。
Doro Bush Koch, daughter: It was a snowy weekend at Camp David.
多罗·布什·科赫（Doro Bush Koch），女儿：那是戴维营的一个下雪的周末。
A lot of the kids were there and the idea was for Dad's friends to sort of take his mind off a little bit of what was going on, but of course his mind was on it every minute.
很多孩子都在场，目的是让爸爸的朋友们分散他对正在发生的事情的注意力，但当然他的注意力每分钟都在想着这件事。
Willard "Spike" Heminway, friend: Barbara called up and said "the President needs some comic relief," if you want to put it that way.
威拉德·“斯派克”·海明威，朋友：芭芭拉打电话说“总统需要一些喜剧缓解”，如果你想这么说的话。
"Come on up to Camp David." He said, "Spike, let's take a walk around the perimeter.
“到戴维营来吧。”他说：“斯派克，我们绕着周边走一圈吧。
I've got to get out and get some air," and we started to walk around, and then he looked over at one of the military police over there who guard Camp David, and he had tears in his eyes, and he said, "Spike, those are the kids I've got to send to war, and I don't want to do it, but I have to do it."
我得出去透透气，”然后我们开始四处走动，然后他看着那边守卫戴维营的一名宪兵，他眼里含着泪水，他说，“斯派克，这些是我必须送去打仗的孩子，我不想这么做，但我必须这么做。”
Narrator: That weekend President Bush called Congressional leaders to thank those who voted for the war for their votes, to thank those who voted against it for their consideration.
旁白：那个周末，布什总统打电话给国会领导人，感谢那些投票支持战争的人，感谢那些投票反对战争的人的考虑。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Just two hours ago Allied air forces began an attack on military targets in Iraq and Kuwait.
布什（档案）：就在两个小时前，盟军空军开始袭击伊拉克和科威特的军事目标。
Narrator: At 9pm on January 16, 1991, President Bush announced the start of the Gulf War.
旁白：1991年1月16日晚上9点，布什总统宣布海湾战争开始。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): These attacks continue as I speak.
布什（档案）：在我发言时，这些攻击仍在继续。
Ground forces are not engaged.
地面部队没有参与战斗。
Five months ago Saddam Hussein started this cruel war against Kuwait.
五个月前，萨达姆·侯赛因对科威特发动了这场残酷的战争。
Tonight, the battle has been joined.
今晚，战斗已经打响。
Narrator: For 38 days the U.S. Air Force led the battle, now called Desert Storm.
旁白：美国空军领导了这场现在称为“沙漠风暴”的战斗 38 天。
Then the coalition launched a ground assault.
随后，联军发起地面进攻。
Coalition forces quickly evicted the Iraqi army from Kuwait.
联军迅速将伊拉克军队逐出科威特。
They crushed 46 Iraqi divisions.
他们粉碎了伊拉克46个师。
Much of the elite Republican guard escaped back to Baghdad.
大部分共和党精锐卫队逃回巴格达。
Others were caught on what became known as the "Highway of Death." Bush chose to stop the slaughter.
其他人则被困在所谓的“死亡高速公路”上。布什选择停止屠杀。
He ended the war after four days.
四天后他结束了战争。
The ground offensive became known as the 100-hour war.
地面进攻被称为“100小时战争”。
Despite warnings of a blood bath, the death toll among Americans would number 303, with fewer than 500 wounded.
尽管有血腥洗礼的警告，美国人的死亡人数仍达 303 人，受伤人数不到 500 人。
Yet Saddam Hussein remained in power.
然而萨达姆·侯赛因仍然掌权。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III: Well, the war was stopped because all the President's political and military advisors told him that he had achieved the war aims that were laid out.
贝克三世：嗯，战争之所以停止，是因为总统的所有政治和军事顾问都告诉他，他已经实现了既定的战争目标。
We had achieved what the UN Security Council resolution asked us to do and authorized us to do, that is, kick Iraq out of Kuwait.
我们已经实现了联合国安理会决议要求我们做、授权我们做的事情，即将伊拉克赶出科威特。
And every one of the President's advisors advised him that it was time to end it.
总统的每一位顾问都建议他是时候结束这一切了。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: We did not know what would happen if we went on into Baghdad.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：我们不知道如果继续进入巴格达会发生什么。
It would have been simple to do.
做起来很简单。
But we would have been occupiers in a hostile land.
但我们可能会成为这片充满敌意的土地上的占领者。
Our troops would have been sniped at and so on.
我们的部队会遭到狙击等等。
And we had no exit plan.
我们没有退出计划。
How do you get out once you've occupied the country?
占领了这个国家之后怎么出去？
Colin Powell: Another consideration that we took into account, as a military matter, is we did not want to totally destroy the Iraqi army.
科林·鲍威尔：作为军事问题，我们考虑的另一个考虑因素是我们不想完全摧毁伊拉克军队。
And you can guess why: Iran.
你可以猜到原因：伊朗。
We did not want Iraq laying prostrate before Iran.
我们不希望伊拉克屈服于伊朗。
And so it was always our intention to leave Saddam Hussein with enough of an army that it would not be a threat to his neighbors anymore, but it would not leave him totally vulnerable to Iranian misadventure, keeping in mind that that Iraq-Iran War had only ended three years earlier.
因此，我们一直打算给萨达姆·侯赛因留下足够的军队，这样就不会再对他的邻国构成威胁，但也不会让他完全受到伊朗灾难的影响，要记住，两伊战争才三年前才结束。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: We were trying to set a pattern for behavior in the post-Cold War world.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：我们试图为冷战后世界的行为树立一个模式。
We were operating under a UN mandate.
我们是在联合国授权下运作的。
If we said, "Okay, we've fulfilled the mandate but now we want to go on and do some more," that's a bad precedent to set for people relying on the United States to do what the UN mandates and not further.
如果我们说，“好吧，我们已经完成了任务，但现在我们想继续做更多的事情”，这对于那些依赖美国做联合国任务而不是进一步行动的人来说是一个不好的先例。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): For the sake of our principles, for the sake of the Kuwaiti people.
布什（档案）：为了我们的原则，为了科威特人民。
We stood our ground.
我们坚守阵地。
Because the world would not look the other way.
因为世界不会视而不见。
Ambassador al-Sabah, tonight Kuwait is free.
萨巴赫大使，今晚科威特有空。
Narrator: This was the high point of the Bush presidency.
旁白：这是布什总统任期的顶峰。
His approval ratings were at 89%, at the time, the highest in the history of presidential polling.
当时他的支持率达到89%，是总统民调历史上最高的。
Morgan Freeman (archival): Mr. President, you set down ideals and standards that because they were carried on...
摩根·弗里曼（档案）：总统先生，您制定了理想和标准，因为它们被贯彻执行......
Narrator: A few days later Bush attended a tribute to President Lincoln at the Ford Theater where he was shot.
旁白：几天后，布什在福特剧院参加了向林肯总统致敬的活动，林肯总统就是在那里被枪杀的。
Morgan Freeman (archival): If they could stand where I stand where I stand now, their message would be overwhelmingly simple, Thank you Mr. President.
摩根·弗里曼（档案）：如果他们能够站在我现在的立场上，他们的信息将非常简单，谢谢总统先生。
And thank you, Mr. President.
谢谢你，总统先生。
Narrator: Americans celebrated a war that put an end to the national self-doubt that had lingered since the Vietnam War.
旁白：美国人庆祝这场战争，这场战争结束了自越南战争以来一直挥之不去的民族自我怀疑。
But George Bush was not elated.
但乔治布什并不高兴。
Intelligence reports predicted the Iraqi military would overthrow Saddam.
情报报告预测伊拉克军队将推翻萨达姆。
That had not happened.
但那并没有发生。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): To be very honest with you, I haven't yet felt this wonderfully euphoric feeling that many of the American people feel.
布什（档案）：老实说，我还没有感受到许多美国人民所感受到的这种奇妙的欣快感。
And I'm beginning to.
我也开始这么做了。
I feel much better about it today than I did yesterday.
我今天感觉比昨天好多了。
But I think it's that I want to see an end.
但我认为我想看到一个结局。
You mentioned World War II; there was a definitive end to that conflict.
你提到了第二次世界大战；这场冲突终于结束了。
And now we have Saddam Hussein still there, the man that wreaked this havoc upon his neighbors.
现在萨达姆·侯赛因仍然在那里，他给他的邻居造成了如此严重的破坏。
We have our prisoners still held.
我们仍然关押着我们的囚犯。
We have people unaccounted for.
我们还有下落不明的人。
Narrator: The days of "phone calls to foreign leaders, trying to keep things moving forward, managing a massive project," were over, Bush wrote in his diary.
旁白：布什在日记中写道，“给外国领导人打电话、努力推动事情向前发展、管理大型项目”的日子已经结束了。
"I don't know whether it's the anticlimax or that I'm too tired to enjoy anything, but I just seem to be losing my perspective.
“我不知道这是虎头蛇尾还是我太累了无法享受任何事情，但我似乎正在失去我的观点。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: Would have been great to have a formal surrender and all of that, and it just sort of ended.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：如果能正式投降就好了，所有这一切就这样结束了。
And it really didn't end, because Saddam right away, as soon as he'd put down the uprisings in the country and he started using his helicopters, and then he was a thorn from then on.
事情真的没有结束，因为萨达姆一镇压了国内的起义，就开始使用直升机，从那时起他就成了眼中钉。
So it never really was over.
所以事情从未真正结束。
And that gave President Bush a sense of being unfulfilled.
这让布什总统有一种不满足的感觉。
Narrator: Within days after the cease-fire, Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard brutally suppressed an uprising by Iraqi Shia in the South.
旁白：停火后几天内，萨达姆·侯赛因的共和国卫队残酷镇压了南部伊拉克什叶派的起义。
Then they suppressed an uprising by the Kurds in the north.
然后他们镇压了北部库尔德人的起义。
During the war, Bush had encouraged such uprisings as a way to topple Saddam.
战争期间，布什鼓励此类起义，以此作为推翻萨达姆的一种方式。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): There's another way for the bloodshed to stop.
布什（档案）：还有另一种方法可以停止流血。
And that is for the Iraqi military and the Iraqi people to take matters into their own hands and force Saddam Hussein the dictator to step aside, and then comply with the United Nations Resolutions and rejoin the family of peace loving nations.
那就是伊拉克军队和伊拉克人民自己动手，迫使独裁者萨达姆下台，然后遵守联合国决议，重新加入爱好和平国家的大家庭。
Narrator: Some felt U.S. support was implicit in Bush's statement.
旁白：一些人认为布什的声明中隐含了美国的支持。
Bush did not.
布什没有。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): But do I think that the United States should bear guilt because of suggesting that the Iraqi people take matters into their own hands, with the implication being given by some that the United States would be there to support them militarily?
布什（档案）：但是我是否认为美国应该因为建议伊拉克人民自己解决问题而承担责任，一些人暗示美国将在军事上支持他们？
That was not true, we never implied that.
那不是真的，我们从未暗示过这一点。
Narrator: In coming months, many questioned Bush's decision not to go to Baghdad to take out Saddam Hussein.
旁白：在接下来的几个月里，许多人质疑布什不前往巴格达除掉萨达姆·侯赛因的决定。
News reporters (archival): America has growing doubts about our victory over Iraq.
新闻记者（档案）：美国对我们战胜伊拉克的怀疑越来越多。
Was it all worth it?
这一切值得吗？
Should U.S. troops march on Baghdad and finish the job we should have finished six weeks ago?
美军是否应该向巴格达进军并完成我们六周前就应该完成的工作？
If we were prepared to use force to drive Saddam from power, it would be over probably in four days, no more than four weeks.
如果我们准备用武力将萨达姆赶下台，那可能会在四天之内结束，最多不会超过四个星期。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Baker, III: Some people said, "Why didn't you guys take care of Saddam when you had the chance?
贝克三世：有些人说：“你们为什么不趁有机会对付萨达姆呢？
Why didn't you go to Baghdad?" Well, guess what.
你为什么不去巴格达？”好吧，你猜怎么着。
I got that question a lot when I used to go out and speak.
当我出去演讲时，我经常被问到这个问题。
Nobody asks me that question anymore.
没有人再问我这个问题了。
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: We heard no rumbles of discontent at all.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特 (Brent Scowcroft)，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：我们根本没有听到任何不满的声音。
They emerged shortly after, and then for a number of years we heard, "Why didn't you finish the job?" We don't hear that anymore.
他们很快就出现了，然后很多年我们都听到“你为什么没有完成这项工作？”我们不再听到这样的声音了。
Colin Powell: In recent months, nobody's been asking me about why we didn't go to Baghdad.
科林·鲍威尔：最近几个月，没有人问我为什么我们不去巴格达。
Pretty good idea now why Baghdad should always looked at with some reservations.
现在很好的主意，为什么巴格达应该总是带着一些保留来看待。
Narrator: After the Gulf War, Osama bin Laden left Saudi Arabia determined to get revenge against the United States for defiling Saudi soil.
旁白：海湾战争结束后，本拉登离开沙特阿拉伯，决心向美国玷污沙特土地进行报复。
After the Gulf War, Bush had amassed all the political capital a president could have.
海湾战争结束后，布什积累了一位总统所能拥有的所有政治资本。
No one knew he would not be able to use it.
No one knew he would not be able to use it.
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: By the spring of 1991, the Bush presidency was something of an exhausted volcano.
理查德·诺顿·史密斯，总统历史学家：到 1991 年春天，布什的总统任期就像是一座枯竭的火山。
George Herbert Walker Bush had fulfilled his historical role.
乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什已经履行了他的历史角色。
He was left with the infinitely unappealing option of defining a domestic sequel to the end of the Gulf War that would unite this fractious conservative coalition.
他面临着一个极其没有吸引力的选择：为海湾战争的结束制定一个国内续集，以团结这个难以驾驭的保守派联盟。
And then he was playing to his weaknesses.
然后他就利用了自己的弱点。
Narrator: The rest of Bush's presidency would be a steady decline.
旁白：布什总统任期的剩余时间将是稳步衰落。
In May 1991, Bush's health became a concern.
1991年5月，布什的健康状况成为人们关注的焦点。
He developed a shortness of breath while jogging at Camp David.
他在戴维营慢跑时出现呼吸短促的症状。
He had heart arrhythmia and an overactive thyroid -- diagnosed as Graves' disease.
他患有心律失常和甲状腺功能亢进——被诊断为格雷夫斯病。
Members of his team began to wonder if he would have the strength to endure another presidential campaign.
他的团队成员开始怀疑他是否有能力承受另一次总统竞选。
His dealings with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev came under attack.
他与苏联总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫的交往受到攻击。
When Bush met with the Soviet leader to sign an important arms control agreement, he was criticized for "clinging to Gorbachev" when he should have been courting Boris Yeltsin, President of the Russian Parliament, who was more committed to democracy and free markets.
当布什与苏联领导人会面签署一项重要的军控协议时，他被批评为“紧抓戈尔巴乔夫”，而他本应该向更致力于民主和自由市场的俄罗斯议会议长鲍里斯·叶利钦示好。
"My view," Bush said, "is you dance with who's on the dance floor." Especially if your dance partner controls more than 12,000 nuclear warheads -- aimed at you.
“我的观点是，”布什说，“你要和舞池里的人一起跳舞。”特别是如果你的舞伴控制着超过 12,000 枚核弹头——瞄准你。
The treaty Bush signed with Gorbachev would eliminate almost 5,000 of them.
布什与戈尔巴乔夫签署的条约将消灭其中近 5,000 人。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Well, I am very pleased to announce that I will nominate Judge Clarence Thomas...
布什（档案）：嗯，我非常高兴地宣布我将提名克拉伦斯·托马斯法官......
Narrator: In the summer of 1991 Bush tried to appeal to his political right, which he had largely neglected, by appointing conservative justice Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court.
旁白：1991 年夏天，布什任命保守派法官克拉伦斯·托马斯 (Clarence Thomas) 为最高法院法官，试图诉诸他在很大程度上忽视了的政治权利。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And the fact that he is black and a minority has nothing to do with this in the sense that he is the best qualified at this time.
布什（档案）：他是黑人和少数族裔这一事实与此无关，因为他是目前最有资格的人。
Narrator: This backfired amid charges of sexual harassment by a former employee, Anita Hill.
旁白：这适得其反，因为前雇员安妮塔·希尔 (Anita Hill) 被指控性骚扰。
Anita Hill (archival): He talked about acts he had seen in pornographic films involving such matters as women having sex with animals.
安妮塔·希尔（档案）：他谈到了他在色情电影中看到的涉及女性与动物发生性关系等内容的行为。
Narrator: A sluggish economy nagged at Bush.
Narrator: A sluggish economy nagged at Bush.
America was losing jobs overseas.
America was losing jobs overseas.
Protesters (archival): America's wonderful, ain't it Mr. Bush?
抗议者（档案）：美国很棒，不是布什先生吗？
Maybe you'll be unemployed.
Maybe you'll be unemployed.
Lay off Bush!
放开布什吧！
Lay off Bush!
放开布什吧！
Richard Darman: People were very worried about getting displaced from their job as 40- to 55-year-old workers, and being unable to find new jobs.
理查德·达曼（Richard Darman）：作为 40 至 55 岁的工人，人们非常担心失去工作，并且无法找到新工作。
People were worried about long-term care for their parents.
人们担心父母的长期照顾。
People were worried about their own health insurance.
人们担心自己的健康保险。
There were a lot of things that contributed to a sense of economic insecurity.
有很多因素导致了经济上的不安全感。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): People are hurting.
Bush (archival): People are hurting.
And they're hurting here in New York, and they're hurting across this country, and families trying to make ends meet, proud Americans trying to keep their dignity when they lost their jobs.
他们在纽约这里受到伤害，他们在整个国家都受到伤害，家庭努力维持收支平衡，自豪的美国人在失业时试图保持尊严。
And I don't know any American who sees this happening who is so callous that he cannot feel or she cannot feel a tug in her heart, who doesn't want to reach out actually and hold out a hand and try to help these people.
我不知道有哪个美国人看到这种情况，会冷酷无情地感觉不到，或者感觉不到内心的牵引，不想伸出援手，试图帮助这些人。
Narrator: Bush believed there was little he could do.
旁白：布什认为他无能为力。
Jobs were going overseas and would not return.
Jobs were going overseas and would not return.
The onset of globalization helped push the unemployment rate to 7.4%.
全球化的开始将失业率推高至 7.4%。
Bush was not willing to extend unemployment benefits for fear of increasing the budget deficit.
由于担心增加预算赤字，布什不愿意延长失业救济金。
When he tried to encourage consumer spending to spur the economy, the press saw him as unsympathetic to those who might not have spare cash to spend.
当他试图鼓励消费者支出以刺激经济时，媒体认为他对那些可能没有闲钱可花的人缺乏同情心。
Marlin Fitzwater, press secretary: The problem was that when you would ask him to do something symbolic, like going down to this little town near Camp David and showing concern for the economy, he saw it as not being true, as not real.
马林·菲茨沃特，新闻秘书：问题是，当你要求他做一些象征性的事情时，比如去戴维营附近的这个小镇，表达对经济的担忧，他认为这不是真的，不是真实的。
And what was real to him was, he needed to buy some gifts for his grandkids.
对他来说真正的是，他需要给他的孙子们买一些礼物。
And so in his mind, that was a far more realistic thing to do.
所以在他看来，这是一件更现实的事情。
And it's just one of those things where it ended up working against him.
这只是最终对他不利的事情之一。
Narrator: When Bush flew to Japan with American automakers in an effort to create more jobs, he soldiered on despite a case of the flu.
旁白：当布什与美国汽车制造商一起飞往日本以努力创造更多就业机会时，尽管感染了流感，他还是坚持了下来。
At a formal state dinner, he got sick on the prime minister.
在一次正式的国宴上，他对首相产生了厌恶感。
"These last two months have been the worst of my presidency," he told a friend.
他对一位朋友说：“过去两个月是我担任总统以来最糟糕的两个月。”
"And the last year has been the worst of my political career." Things would not get any better.
“去年是我政治生涯中最糟糕的一年。” Things would not get any better.
The next month he was skewered by the New York Times for seeming out of touch at a grocers' convention.
下个月，他因在杂货商大会上显得脱节而被《纽约时报》痛批。
He marveled at new technology that could read the bar code of shredded label.
他对能够读取碎标签条形码的新技术感到惊叹。
The New York Times said he didn't know how an ordinary check-out counter worked.
《纽约时报》称，他不知道普通的收银台是如何运作的。
John Robert Green, presidential historian: The story stuck because it fed in with what was being argued by his opponents, both on the far right and the Democrats, that Bush had lost touch with the American people.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：这个故事之所以流传下来，是因为它与他的对手（极右翼和民主党）的观点相吻合，即布什已经与美国人民失去了联系。
Narrator: In October of 1991, the cascade of ill-fortune literally hit home.
旁白：1991年10月，厄运如瀑布般袭来。
A Nor'easter, the perfect storm, threatened Bush's house at Walker's Point in Kennebunkport.
一场完美的东北风暴威胁到了布什在肯纳邦克港沃克角的家。
Willard "Spike" Heminway, friend: He had all his memorabilia in there, and to see it in rubble, and with rocks and water and seaweed, it was terrible for everybody.
威拉德·“斯派克”·海明威，朋友：他所有的纪念品都在那里，看到它变成废墟，还有岩石、水和海藻，这对每个人来说都是可怕的。
Barbara Bush, wife: It was devastating.
Barbara Bush, wife: It was devastating.
But life goes on.
但生活还要继续。
And you know, a lot of people's homes were hurt.
And you know, a lot of people's homes were hurt.
But all the way up and down the east coast.
But all the way up and down the east coast.
And we had another home, the White House, temporarily, and so we could survive.
我们暂时有另一个家，白宫，所以我们可以生存。
A lot of people had a lot more trouble than we did.
很多人遇到的麻烦比我们多得多。
Reporter (archive): Mr. President, did you give any thought to perhaps after two storms in 13 years of moving to higher ground or are you determined to come back here?
记者（档案）：主席先生，在13年的两次风雨之后，您有没有想过要搬到更高的地方，或者您是否决心回到这里？
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): (Shakes head no) We'll be here.
Bush (archival): (Shakes head no) We'll be here.
We'll be here.
我们会在这里。
It means something to us.
It means something to us.
It means something to us.
It means something to us.
It's our family's strength.
It's our family's strength.
Narrator: Bush could take some comfort on Christmas day 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved.
旁白：1991 年圣诞节苏联解体，布什可以得到一些安慰。
President Mikhail Gorbachev's last phone call was to him.
米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫总统的最后一个电话是打给他的。
Mikhail Gorbachev: I said that I will be stepping down, that I will be resigning, and Bush at that time thanked me for the very fruitful work that we did together in international affairs, in building the bilateral relationship.
米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫：我说过我要下台，我要辞职，布什当时感谢我在国际事务中、在建设双边关系方面所做的卓有成效的工作。
He said that he felt that I had made a great decisive contribution to positive change in the world.
他说他觉得我为世界的积极变化做出了巨大的决定性贡献。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council: That last phone call from Gorbachev to President Bush is, to me, still one of the most remarkable things in history, that the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the President of the great Soviet Union, in its dying moments, would choose to call the President of the United States.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：对我来说，戈尔巴乔夫给布什总统的最后一通电话仍然是历史上最引人注目的事情之一，苏联共产党总书记、伟大的苏联总统在垂死的时刻选择给美国总统打电话。
It says that, I think, Gorbachev needed affirmation that what he was doing was right, to let the Soviet Union die a peaceful death.
我认为，它表明戈尔巴乔夫需要确认他所做的事情是正确的，才能让苏联平静地死去。
Mikhail Gorbachev: We had a very good and serious and friendly conversation, and at that time President Bush gave me serious moral support.
米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫：我们进行了一次非常愉快、严肃和友好的谈话，当时布什总统给了我严肃的道义支持。
Condoleezza Rice, Soviet expert, National Security Council: I talked to President Bush about that on a couple of occasions.
康多莉扎·赖斯（Condoleezza Rice），国家安全委员会苏联问题专家：我曾多次与布什总统谈过这个问题。
And what's very funny is that he didn't see it as particularly extraordinary.
非常有趣的是，他并不认为这是特别非凡的。
And that says something about his modesty and about his humility.
这说明了他的谦虚和谦逊。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): I'd like to express, on behalf of the American people, my gratitude to Mikhail Gorbachev for years of sustained commitment to world peace, and for his intellect, vision, and courage.
布什（档案）：我谨代表美国人民对米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫多年来对世界和平的持续承诺以及他的智慧、远见和勇气表示感谢。
Narrator: If ever anyone needed a big win, it was George Bush.
旁白：如果有人需要一场大胜利，那就是乔治·布什。
Yet that Christmas, he did not talk of winners.
然而那个圣诞节，他没有谈论胜利者。
Instead Bush televised his thank you note to Gorbachev.
相反，布什通过电视向戈尔巴乔夫致谢。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): This struggle changed the lives of all Americans.
布什（档案）：这场斗争改变了所有美国人的生活。
It forced all nations to live under the specter of nuclear destruction.
它迫使所有国家生活在核毁灭的幽灵之下。
That confrontation is now over.
这场对抗现在已经结束了。
Narrator: A month later Bush did talk of winners.
旁白：一个月后，布什确实谈到了胜利者。
It was a presidential election year.
那是总统选举年。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The biggest thing that has happened in the world in my life, in our lives, is this.
布什（档案）：在我的一生中，在我们的一生中，世界上发生的最重大的事情就是这个。
By the grace of God, America won the Cold War.
靠着上帝的恩典，美国赢得了冷战。
Narrator: Still, Bush called no attention to his role in helping shepherd the Soviet Union out of existence without a shot being fired.
旁白：尽管如此，布什并没有提及他在一枪不发的情况下帮助苏联解体的过程。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): And I have an announcement to make.
布什（档案）：我有一个公告要宣布。
I want to continue serving as your president four more years.
我想继续担任你们的总统四年。
Narrator: The fact that he waited until February to announce his candidacy led some to believe he was not interested in a second term.
旁白：他等到二月才宣布参选，这让一些人认为他对连任不感兴趣。
Bush would campaign without Lee Atwater, the bare-knuckled political guru who had masterminded success four years earlier.
布什将在没有李·阿特沃特（Lee Atwater）的情况下参加竞选，这位赤裸裸的政治大师四年前策划了成功。
Atwater had died of brain cancer.
阿特沃特死于脑癌。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: The death of Lee Atwater was the most important event in the Bush campaign of 1992.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：李·阿特沃特之死是 1992 年布什竞选中最重要的事件。
It took out of the mix the one person who could have made George Bush fight and made George Bush see the logic of negative campaigning.
它从这个组合中剔除了一个本来可以让乔治布什战斗的人，并让乔治布什看到消极竞选的逻辑。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: I don't think you can exaggerate the significance of what was lost to the Bush presidency when Lee Atwater died.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：我不认为你可以夸大李·阿特沃特去世后布什总统任期所失去的意义。
It's as if one lobe of the president's brain was removed: the political part.
这就好像总统大脑的一个脑叶被切除了：政治部分。
And for someone who was already, in many ways, uncomfortable with the demands of the political presidency, it was a crushing blow.
对于一个在很多方面已经对政治总统的要求感到不舒服的人来说，这是一个毁灭性的打击。
Narrator: Chief of Staff John Sununu, who had delivered New Hampshire for Bush in 88, was forced to resign at the end of 1991.
旁白：88年为布什赢得新罕布什尔州的参谋长约翰·苏努努于1991年底被迫辞职。
He had used presidential planes for personal business including trips to his dentist.
他曾使用总统专机处理私人事务，包括去看牙医。
Narrator: The Republican party continued to fracture.
旁白：共和党继续分裂。
In New Hampshire, Bush was challenged by Pat Buchanan, a conservative talk show pundit and former aide to presidents Nixon and Reagan.
在新罕布什尔州，布什受到保守派脱口秀专家、尼克松总统和里根总统的前助手帕特·布坎南的挑战。
Buchanan hammered Bush for raising taxes.
布坎南猛烈抨击布什提高税收。
Pat Buchanan (archival): It was not some liberal democrat who declared "read my lips, no new taxes" and then broke his word to cut a seedy back room deal with the big spenders on Capitol Hill.
帕特·布坎南（档案）：并不是某个自由民主党人宣称“读懂我的嘴唇，不再征收新税”，然后违背诺言与国会山的大手笔达成一项肮脏的幕后协议。
Narrator: Bush could not campaign on the things in which he took pride -- the Clean Air Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act.
旁白：布什无法就他引以为豪的事情——《清洁空气法案》和《美国残疾人法案》进行竞选。
To movement conservatives they simply expanded government at the taxpayer's expense.
对于运动保守派来说，他们只是以纳税人的利益为代价来扩大政府规模。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: So in addition to Bush's innate modesty, there's also a political imperative.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：因此，除了布什天生的谦虚之外，还有政治必要性。
Bush doesn't want to call that much attention to these accomplishments because in his political universe, they are the right thing to do, they are the responsible thing to do, they are the establishment thing to do, they are the thing that Prescott Bush would do if he was in the White House, but in the new political era in which George Bush finds himself, they're actually liabilities.
布什不想过多关注这些成就，因为在他的政治世界里，它们是正确的事情，是负责任的事情，是建制派要做的事情，是普雷斯科特·布什如果在白宫就会做的事情，但在乔治·布什发现自己所处的新政治时代，它们实际上是负债。
Richard Viguerie, conservative activist: They were major liabilities.
理查德·维格瑞（Richard Viguerie），保守派活动人士：他们是主要的负担。
There's few things that send the conservatives up the wall and off the wall more than to be told by establishment Republicans, "We can do anything we want.
没有什么比建制派共和党人告诉他们“我们可以做任何我们想做的事了”更让保守派感到愤怒和愤怒的了。
We can advocate most any policy or program, because we are still a little bit better than the Democrats, so you have no place else to go." And this angers us.
我们可以倡导几乎任何政策或计划，因为我们仍然比民主党好一点，所以你没有其他地方可去。”这激怒了我们。
And so because we felt we had no stake in his presidency, it was easy to oppose his nomination.
因此，因为我们觉得他的总统职位与我们没有利害关系，所以很容易反对他的提名。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: The Republican Party changes during Bush's administration.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：布什执政期间共和党发生了变化。
It swings, lurches to the right.
它摇摆，向右倾斜。
It's a seismic shift.
这是一个巨大的转变。
And the reason for it is because conservative Republicans were able to position George Bush as having let them down, as having broken the Reagan faith.
其原因是保守派共和党人能够将乔治·布什定位为让他们失望的人，因为他打破了里根的信仰。
And a lot of that's true.
其中很多都是真的。
George Bush was a moderate Republican.
乔治·布什是一位温和的共和党人。
He was not a Reagan Republican.
他不是里根共和党人。
Arnold Schwarzenegger (archival): I want you to vote, and at the same time send a message to Congress, and send a message to Pat Buchanan -- hasta la vista, baby!
阿诺·施瓦辛格（档案）：我希望你投票，同时向国会发送一条消息，并向帕特·布坎南发送一条消息——hasta la vista，宝贝！
Pat Buchanan (archival): The Buchanan brigades met King George's army...
帕特·布坎南（档案）：布坎南旅遇到了乔治国王的军队......
Narrator: In February of 1992, Bush won the New Hampshire primary, but Buchanan captured 37% of the vote.
旁白：1992 年 2 月，布什赢得了新罕布什尔州初选，但布坎南获得了 37% 的选票。
Two days later, Ross Perot, a Texas tycoon and an old friend of Bush's, challenged him as a third party candidate.
两天后，布什的老朋友、得克萨斯州大亨罗斯·佩罗(Ross Perot)以第三方候选人的身份向他发起挑战。
Ross Perot (archival): Number one I'll promise you this between now and the convention we'll get both parties' heads straight.
罗斯·佩罗（档案）：第一，我向你保证，从现在到大会召开之前，我们会让双方都头脑清醒。
Narrator: Bush had problems.
旁白：布什有问题。
So did Democrat Bill Clinton, governor of Arkansas.
阿肯色州州长、民主党人比尔·克林顿也是如此。
Gennifer Flowers (archival): Yes I was Bill Clinton's lover for 12 years...
Gennifer Flowers（档案）：是的，我是比尔·克林顿 12 年的情人……
Narrator: Bush could not believe anyone could survive these accusations and win his party's nomination.
旁白：布什无法相信有人能够幸免于这些指控并赢得党内提名。
Marlin Fitzwater, press secretary: I think the President felt at the time that his record would preclude him winning.
马林·菲茨沃特，新闻秘书：我认为总统当时认为他的记录将妨碍他获胜。
In this country, we had never really had a candidate who was a philanderer and who'd had the marital problems he had, and still win an election.
在这个国家，我们从来没有真正有过一个既花心又有婚姻问题的候选人，却仍然赢得选举。
We certainly never had a president who'd been accused of draft dodging and still be elected president.
我们当然从未有过一位被指控逃避兵役的总统仍然当选总统。
And that seemed like pretty heavy baggage.
这似乎是相当沉重的负担。
And so I don't think anybody believed Clinton could win.
所以我认为没有人相信克林顿会获胜。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): There is a clear pattern to Governor Clinton's past.
布什（档案）：克林顿州长的过去有一个明显的模式。
A pattern of deception.
一种欺骗的模式。
Character does matter.
性格确实很重要。
A pattern of deception is not right for the Oval Office.
A pattern of deception is not right for the Oval Office.
Narrator: Clinton may have had baggage, but he was capable of hitting Bush where it hurt.
旁白：克林顿可能有包袱，但他有能力击中布什的痛处。
Bill Clinton (archival): You know what George Bush said yesterday to David and Rita Springs?
比尔·克林顿（档案）：你知道乔治·布什昨天对大卫和丽塔·斯普林斯说了什么吗？
He said, "if you want to get the economy going, go by a car or buy a house.
他说：“如果你想让经济发展，就开车或买房子。
It's a good time to buy a car, it's a good time to buy a house." It's a good time to buy a car or a house because if you're on welfare and food stamps, you can't pay the light bill and be a thousand points of light, much less buy a house or a car.
现在是买车的好时机，也是买房子的好时机。”现在是买车或房子的好时机，因为如果你依靠福利和食品券，你就无法支付电费账单并成为一千个灯点，更不用说买房子或汽车了。
Narrator: By the spring of 1992 the recession was technically over.
旁白：到 1992 年春天，经济衰退在技术上已经结束。
Bush's deficit reduction package was working, but people didn't feel it.
布什的赤字削减计划正在发挥作用，但人们却没有感觉到。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Gross national product, GNP is moving.
布什（档案）：国民生产总值（GNP）正在变化。
Industrial production is up.
工业生产有所回升。
Payroll employment is up.
薪资就业上升。
So things are turning around, and yet, at this juncture, the American people haven't felt it.
所以事情正在发生转变，但此时此刻，美国人民还没有感觉到。
When they do, I expect to see some change.
当他们这样做时，我希望看到一些变化。
Narrator: In the second quarter of '92, the economy grew slower than Bush had hoped.
旁白：92年第二季度，经济增长速度低于布什的预期。
Marlin Fitzwater, press secretary: Well the President was getting reports from his economic advisors.
新闻秘书马林·菲茨沃特：嗯，总统正在从他的经济顾问那里得到报告。
And he looked at the first quarter figures and the second quarter figures, and it wasn't getting any better.
他查看了第一季度的数据和第二季度的数据，情况并没有任何好转。
And he just slumped in his chair, ashen-faced, and he just said, "What are we going to do about this?
他只是瘫坐在椅子上，脸色铁青，他只是说：“我们该怎么办？
That's the worst news I've ever heard."
这是我听过的最糟糕的消息。”
Narrator: Bush accepted his party's nomination with an appeal to the accomplishments in which he took most pride.
旁白：布什接受了他的政党的提名，并呼吁他取得最令他自豪的成就。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The Soviet Union can only be found in history books.
布什（档案）：苏联只能在历史书上找到。
The captive nations of Eastern Europe and the Baltics are captive no more.
东欧和波罗的海国家的俘虏不再是俘虏。
And a slab of the Berlin Wall sits right outside this Astrodome.
一块柏林墙就坐落在这个阿斯特罗多姆体育馆外。
This convention is the first at which an American president can say, "The Cold War is over, and freedom finished first!"
这次大会是美国总统第一次在大会上说：“冷战结束了，自由首先结束了！”
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Presidents traditionally, when they run for re-election, particularly in the modern era, make it a referendum on what they've done.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：传统上，总统在竞选连任时，尤其是在现代，会对他们的所作所为进行全民公投。
And in 1992, that wasn't enough.
而在 1992 年，这还不够。
Because what he had done, significant as it might be and historically unprecedented as it might come to be seen, was irrelevant to what the American people increasingly wanted him to do, wanted him to concentrate on, which was pocketbook issues, which was domestic security to match the foreign security to which he had dedicated his presidency.
因为他所做的事情，尽管可能意义重大，而且可能在历史上是史无前例的，但与美国人民越来越希望他做的事情、希望他集中精力做的事情无关，这些事情是钱袋子问题，是与他在总统任期内致力于外交安全相匹配的国内安全问题。
By universal consensus Americans were demanding a different kind of leadership, a different kind of agenda, a different kind of government.
普遍的共识是，美国人要求不同类型的领导、不同类型的议程、不同类型的政府。
And it wasn't in George Bush to give.
乔治·布什也没有义务给予。
Narrator: "We still had no message, no campaign plan, no idea how to deal with Perot, no plan for the convention," a Bush aide would write.
旁白：“我们仍然没有任何信息，没有竞选计划，不知道如何与佩罗打交道，没有召开大会的计划，”布什的助手会写道。
"We never did develop an answer to the basic question: Why should George Bush be reelected president?"
“我们从未对这个基本问题找到答案：为什么乔治·布什应该连任总统？”
Mary Matalin, campaign aide: Politics is always about -- history is replete with evidence of this -- it's always about "what have you done for me lately." And the shelf life of anything, including the Persian Gulf conflict was short.
竞选助手玛丽·马塔林：政治总是关于——历史充满了这方面的证据——它总是关于“你最近为我做了什么”。任何事情的保质期都很短，包括波斯湾冲突。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: He never connected with the American people.
传记作者蒂莫西·纳夫塔利（Timothy Naftali）：他从未与美国人民建立过联系。
They never quite understood what he had done on their behalf.
他们始终不明白他为他们做了什么。
He didn't know how to sell it, and to a certain extent, he didn't want to sell it, because it he didn't think it was right to sell.
他不知道怎么卖，某种程度上，他也不想卖，因为他觉得卖不合适。
Or when he tried to sell it, he did it wrong.
或者当他试图出售它时，他做错了。
George Bush was not his own best friend when he tried to explain George Bush.
当乔治·布什试图向乔治·布什解释时，他并不是自己最好的朋友。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: There was something about George Bush that always said, "If they'd just pay attention, if they would listen to me, if they'd see what I've done.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：乔治·布什总是说：“如果他们愿意关注，如果他们愿意听我的话，如果他们愿意看看我所做的事情。
If they don't pay attention to the glitz and the glamour of my opponents, if they weigh my results, they'll know I have a vision.
如果他们不注意我对手的浮华和魅力，如果他们权衡我的成绩，他们就会知道我有远见。
And I don't have to tell it to them.
我不必告诉他们。
I don't have to stoop to that level." The problem is that you do have to stoop to that level.
我没必要屈尊到那个程度。” The problem is that you do have to stoop to that level.
You do have to articulate a vision, particularly when your opposition is holding you accountable for not articulating a vision.
你确实必须阐明一个愿景，特别是当你的反对派要求你为没有阐明愿景负责时。
Bill Clinton (archival): And you have to vote for somebody with a plan that's what you have elections for.
比尔·克林顿（档案）：你必须投票给有计划的人，这就是你选举的目的。
People say, he got elected to do this.
人们说，他当选就是这样做的。
.
。
.
。
Narrator: During a presidential debate in October, Bush seemed disengaged.
旁白：在十月份的一次总统辩论中，布什似乎心不在焉。
Citizen question (archival): Yes, how has the national debt personally affected each of your lives?
公民问题（档案）：是的，国债对你们每个人的个人生活有何影响？
Herbert Parmet, biographer: His lack of enthusiasm conveyed to much of the American public a lack of appetite, a lack of desire.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特（Herbert Parmet）：他缺乏热情，向许多美国公众传达了一种缺乏胃口、缺乏欲望的感觉。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: I was watching the debate with one of my classes, and Bush is sitting, looking completely disengaged.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林（John Robert Greene）：我正在和我的一个班级一起观看辩论，布什坐着，看上去完全心不在焉。
Did one of these.
做了其中之一。
Just-- (motions looking at watch).
Just-- (motions looking at watch).
He looked at his watch as if he was completely bored and trying to figure out when his next appointment was.
他看着手表，仿佛完全无聊，试图弄清楚他的下一次约会是什么时候。
I jumped up, started yelling at the screen, "The election's over, the election's over." Bush in that split second showed himself to be a candidate who didn't want to campaign.
I jumped up, started yelling at the screen, "The election's over, the election's over." Bush in that split second showed himself to be a candidate who didn't want to campaign.
He thought that his accomplishments would speak for themselves.
He thought that his accomplishments would speak for themselves.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): You know, if you listened to the Clinton-Gore ticket, the only way they can win is to convince America that we're in a deep recession.
布什（档案）：你知道，如果你听过克林顿-戈尔的选票，他们获胜的唯一方法就是让美国相信我们正处于严重的衰退之中。
This morning, the figures were announced for the third quarter of this growth, the gross domestic product.
This morning, the figures were announced for the third quarter of this growth, the gross domestic product.
The third quarter was plus 2.7 percent.
第三季度增长 2.7%。
It grew twice as much...
增长了一倍...
Narrator: A week before the election, Bush finally had good news on the economy.
Narrator: A week before the election, Bush finally had good news on the economy.
Bush was right.
布什是对的。
This was the beginning of the economic boom of the 1990s -- of the Clinton years.
这是 20 世纪 90 年代——克林顿时代——经济繁荣的开始。
The good news came too late to save Bush's presidency.
The good news came too late to save Bush's presidency.
Richard Darman: Objective analysts have looked at the Clinton surpluses.
Richard Darman: Objective analysts have looked at the Clinton surpluses.
The Congressional Budget Office, the Senate Budget Committee, some people at the Brookings Institution and others have said that they think that of the policy changes that accounted for the Clinton surplus, roughly 60% came in the 1990 budget agreement, thanks to President Bush.
国会预算办公室、参议院预算委员会、布鲁金斯学会的一些人士等均表示，他们认为，克林顿盈余的政策变化中，约60%来自于1990年的预算协议，这要归功于布什总统。
Narrator: After the good news came the bad news.
旁白：好消息过后，坏消息又来了。
Just five days before the election, a special prosecutor issued his report of the Iran contra scandal six years before.
Just five days before the election, a special prosecutor issued his report of the Iran contra scandal six years before.
Bush, it seemed, was more in the loop than he had claimed.
Bush, it seemed, was more in the loop than he had claimed.
News anchor (archival): ...with an Iran-Contra haunts Bush banner, and from across the river, with a well-placed sign.
News anchor (archival): ...with an Iran-Contra haunts Bush banner, and from across the river, with a well-placed sign.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): It's all a matter of public record.
布什（档案）：这都是公共记录的问题。
And now at the last minute, the Friday before the election, you have this charge re-aired by a desperate Clinton campaign.
And now at the last minute, the Friday before the election, you have this charge re-aired by a desperate Clinton campaign.
Narrator: In the final days of the campaign, Clinton was able to turn the character issue against Bush.
Narrator: In the final days of the campaign, Clinton was able to turn the character issue against Bush.
Bill Clinton: Today's disclosure not only contradicts the President's claims, it diminishes the credibility of the Presidency.
比尔·克林顿：今天的披露不仅与总统的说法相矛盾，而且还降低了总统的可信度。
Narrator: Bill Clinton defeated Bush with 43 percent of the vote.
Narrator: Bill Clinton defeated Bush with 43 percent of the vote.
Ross Perot took 19 percent.
罗斯·佩罗 (Ross Perot) 获得了 19%。
Bush got 37.
布什得票 37 分。
It was the most decisive rejection of a sitting president since 1912.
这是自 1912 年以来对现任总统最果断的拒绝。
John Robert Greene, presidential historian: Bill Clinton did not beat George Bush in 1992.
总统历史学家约翰·罗伯特·格林：1992 年比尔·克林顿没有击败乔治·布什。
Pat Buchanan beat George Bush in 1992.
1992 年，帕特·布坎南击败了乔治·布什。
He let the right get away.
他让右派逃走了。
He let the right be hijacked by Pat Buchanan.
He let the right be hijacked by Pat Buchanan.
He let the right be hijacked by Newt Gingrich.
他让右派被纽特·金里奇劫持。
He did not consider them to be as important as they had grown to be during the Reagan years.
他并不认为它们像里根时代那样重要。
It was that lack of prescience; it was that lack of understanding, the power of the political right in 1992, that cost George Bush the election.
It was that lack of prescience;正是由于缺乏理解，以及 1992 年政治右翼的力量，乔治·布什 (George Bush) 输掉了选举。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: And he was bothered that his failure to be re-elected in 1992 would lead historians to denigrate- not only denigrate his presidency, but denigrate his commitment to the future of his country.
传记作家赫伯特·帕尔梅特：他很担心自己在 1992 年未能连任会导致历史学家诋毁——不仅诋毁他的总统职位，还诋毁他对国家未来的承诺。
He's not grandstanding here, he's not politicking here.
He's not grandstanding here, he's not politicking here.
This is what he was really concerned with.
这才是他真正关心的事情。
Marlin Fitzwater, press secretary: And so we were all in the tunnel, waiting to go into the convention hall, and we're all kind of stunned and beat up and tired, and the President was in the lead with Mrs. Bush, and he just turned to everybody, and everybody kind of fell silent.
新闻秘书马林·菲茨沃特：我们都在隧道里，等待进入会议厅，我们都感到震惊、疲惫和疲惫，总统和布什夫人带头，他只是转向所有人，然后每个人都陷入了沉默。
And he said, "Now, we're going to go out here and do this with dignity and style," and turned around and walked out.
他说：“现在，我们要走出这里，带着尊严和风格来做这件事，”然后转身走了出去。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): Thank you.
布什（档案）：谢谢。
Well here's the way I see it, the way we see it, and the country should see it.
这就是我的看法，我们的看法，以及这个国家应该这么看。
That the people have spoken.
人民已经发话了。
And we respect the majesty of the democratic system.
我们尊重民主制度的威严。
I just called Governor Clinton over in Little Rock and offered my congratulations.
我刚刚给小石城的克林顿州长打电话表示祝贺。
He did run a strong campaign.
He did run a strong campaign.
I wish him well in the White House.
我祝愿他在白宫一切顺利。
Herbert Parmet, biographer: I'll tell you a term he used to me.
传记作者赫伯特·帕尔梅特（Herbert Parmet）：我会告诉你一个他对我使用的术语。
Thought he was a sleazeball.
Thought he was a sleazeball.
He was contemptuous of Clinton.
他鄙视克林顿。
Colin Powell: He said, 'It hurt.
Colin Powell: He said, 'It hurt.
It hurts a lot.' As it must have.
很疼。因为它必须有。
'Never thought it would happen.
'Never thought it would happen.
It hurt a lot.' He didn't think that the American people would turn in that direction so quickly.
很疼。他没想到美国人民会这么快转向这个方向。
Barbara Bush, wife: It was very disappointing, to put it mildly, that he didn't win.
芭芭拉·布什（Barbara Bush）妻子：温和地说，他没有获胜，这非常令人失望。
I now think that we were saved the four most miserable years of our life.
我现在认为我们生命中最悲惨的四年被拯救了。
I think the press would have been all over him, worse than ever.
我想媒体会围着他转，比以前更糟糕。
And I think the Congress -- he never had a Congress, Senate or House.
我认为国会——他从未有过国会、参议院或众议院。
They would have just clobbered him.
They would have just clobbered him.
Maybe Newt saved us.
也许纽特救了我们。
Maybe.
或许。
Miserable four years.
悲惨的四年。
Nicholas Brady, Treasury Secretary: After the loss to Bill Clinton in '92, he said, "You know, I think I'm only an asterisk between Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton." I said to him, "give it time, Mr. President.
财政部长尼古拉斯·布雷迪：92 年输给比尔·克林顿后，他说：“你知道，我认为我只是罗纳德·里根和比尔·克林顿之间的一个星号。” I said to him, "give it time, Mr. President.
Don't be so hard on yourself.
别对自己那么难。
Timothy Naftali, biographer: People make the argument that Ronald Reagan created Bush.
蒂莫西·纳夫塔利，传记作者：人们认为罗纳德·里根创造了布什。
No. That's baloney.
不，那是胡说八道。
The notion of economic prosperity, of constant economic growth, of peace abroad, all of these ideas that are associated with Reagan's legacy, would have been impossible without George Bush.
如果没有乔治·布什，经济繁荣、经济持续增长、海外和平的理念以及所有这些与里根遗产相关的理念都是不可能实现的。
Colin Powell: His most important contribution was bringing the Cold War to an end, after Reagan did all of the exciting, glitzy stuff.
科林·鲍威尔：在里根做了所有令人兴奋、耀眼的事情之后，他最重要的贡献是结束了冷战。
George Bush took us through those next few years, in a way that has produced a Europe that is whole free and at peace
乔治·布什带领我们度过了接下来的几年，以一种方式创造了一个完全自由与和平的欧洲
Brent Scowcroft, National Security Advisor, 1989-93: This was one of history's major transformations, from one kind of a world to another.
布伦特·斯考克罗夫特，国家安全顾问，1989-93 年：这是历史上的重大转变之一，从一种世界到另一种世界。
And rarely does that happen except accompanied by some kind of cataclysm.
除非伴随某种灾难，否则这种情况很少发生。
It didn't.
事实并非如此。
Some of it was luck; a lot of it was the careful, thoughtful, methodical work of a president who saw what he needed to do and worked his way through it.
有些是运气，有些是运气。这在很大程度上是一位总统仔细、深思熟虑、有条不紊的工作，他看到了自己需要做什么，并努力完成它。
Not histrionically, not the big guy standing up on the parapet, but just got it done.
不是做作，不是站在栏杆上的大个子，而是完成了它。
Richard Norton Smith, presidential historian: Certainly no one can see George Bush as an interregnum between the drama of the Reagan years and the roller coaster ride of Bill Clinton.
总统历史学家理查德·诺顿·史密斯：当然，没有人能将乔治·布什视为里根时代的戏剧性和比尔·克林顿的过山车时代之间的过渡期。
There is a significant, distinct historical impact that George Bush left upon, not so much the presidency, and certainly not above -- on the political culture of his time (in many ways, he was a victim of that culture).
乔治·布什对他那个时代的政治文化（在很多方面，他是那种文化的受害者）留下了重大而独特的历史影响，与其说是总统任期，当然更不是上面。
He left it on the world stage, which is, as I suspect, the way he would want it to be.
他把它留在了世界舞台上，正如我怀疑的那样，这就是他希望的样子。
Narrator: After four decades of public life, George Bush feels his most important accomplishment in life is that his children still come home.
旁白：经历了四十年的公共生活后，乔治·布什觉得他一生中最重要的成就是他的孩子们仍然回家。
The 41st president remains a fundamentally private man.
第 41 任总统本质上仍然是一个注重隐私的人。
When Ronald Reagan learned he had Alzheimer's disease, he wrote a letter for history.
当罗纳德·里根得知自己患有阿尔茨海默病时，他写了一封信载入史册。
He addressed it to the American people.
He addressed it to the American people.
At summer's end in 2001, nine years after his defeat, George Bush wrote a letter.
2001 年夏末，也就是他落选九年后，乔治·布什写了一封信。
He addressed it to his children.
He addressed it to his children.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: "This is my last day in Kennebunkport after almost five months of great happiness.
布什：“这是我在肯纳邦克港度过了近五个月的幸福时光后的最后一天。
There is something about this place that gets into one's very soul.
这个地方有一种东西可以深入人的灵魂。
Don't you agree?" I had a little plaque made.
Don't you agree?" I had a little plaque made.
It says CAVU.
上面写着“CAVU”。
C-A-V-U was the kind of weather we Navy pilots wanted when we were to fly off our carrier in the Pacific -- "Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited." I will not pass by it without realizing how lucky I am, for the plaque describes my own life -- as it has been over the years, as it is right now.
C-A-V-U 是我们海军飞行员在太平洋上从航母上起飞时所希望的天气——“天花板和能见度无限”。当我经过它时，我会意识到自己是多么幸运，因为这块牌匾描述了我自己的生活——多年来一直如此，现在也是如此。
Narrator: After leaving office, Bush saw his son George W.
旁白：布什卸任后见到了儿子乔治·W·布什。
get elected Governor of Texas, and his son Jeb Governor of Florida.
当选德克萨斯州州长，他的儿子杰布当选佛罗里达州州长。
Jeb Bush, son: I felt like he really had a heart for serving.
杰布·布什之子：我觉得他真的有一颗服务的心。
And it's a good model.
这是一个很好的模型。
Giving back was a measurement or part of being still is being part of how you define success in life.
回馈是一种衡量标准，或者说是静止的一部分，也是你定义生活成功的一部分。
I learned that from my dad.
I learned that from my dad.
Narrator: When George W.
旁白：当乔治·W.
was elected president in 2000, it was the first time a father and son had occupied the White House since John and John Quincy Adams almost 200 years earlier.
2000 年当选总统，这是自近 200 年前约翰·昆西·亚当斯 (John Quincy Adams) 和约翰·昆西·亚当斯 (John Quincy Adams) 以来，父子首次入主白宫。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: I used to seek broad horizons in life, and I found plenty.
布什：我曾经在生活中寻求广阔的视野，我发现了很多。
Now I don't care if I can't even see Ogunquit.
Now I don't care if I can't even see Ogunquit.
Limited horizons are OK by me just so family is in view.
对我来说，视野有限是可以接受的，这样我就能看到家人。
I don't want to sit at the head table or be honored or get a medal or have stuff named for me.
我不想坐在主席台上，也不想受到荣誉、获得奖牌或以我的名字命名的东西。
That's happened.
事情就这样发生了。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): To say that I am pleased to be here is the classic understatement of the year.
布什（档案）：说我很高兴来到这里，这是今年典型的轻描淡写。
This is any naval aviator's dream come true.
This is any naval aviator's dream come true.
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: That's happened and I have been truly grateful for some of the honors, but no more need come my way.
布什：那件事已经发生了，我真的很感激获得的一些荣誉，但我不需要再获得这些荣誉了。
Your mother and I sit out here like a couple of really old poops, but we are at total peace.
你妈妈和我像一对老大便一样坐在这里，但我们很平静。
She does crossword puzzles, reads a ton of books, plays golf and occasionally gets mildly (to use an old Navy expression) pissed off at me.
她玩填字游戏，读大量的书，打高尔夫球，偶尔会对我生气（用海军的老说法）。
Barbara Bush, wife: I didn't say what I'm quoted as saying, that dirty dog.
芭芭拉布什，妻子：我没有说我所说的话，那只肮脏的狗。
He tells everybody that that's the largest free fall since the 1992 election.
他告诉大家，这是自 1992 年大选以来最大的自由落体跌幅。
I really didn't say that.
我确实没这么说。
He says it all the time.
他一直这么说。
Of course I wouldn't say that.
我当然不会这么说。
Maybe.
或许。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: I can handle it though.
布什：不过我能应付。
I fall back on bad hearing and changing the subject.
我求助于听力不佳并改变了话题。
Both work.
两者都有效。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush (archival): The true measure of a man is how you, how you handle victory and also...
布什（档案）：衡量一个人的真正标准是你如何，你如何处理胜利以及......
Narrator: In 2006, as his son Jeb's term as Governor of Florida was winding down, Bush was invited to speak to a group of his supporters.
旁白：2006 年，当他的儿子杰布担任佛罗里达州州长的任期即将结束时，布什受邀向他的一群支持者发表讲话。
Jeb Bush, son: And so my dad saw this crowd of 300 people, and just I think, felt so much love for his boy that he just broke down, I mean, uncontrollably.
杰布·布什之子：所以我父亲看到了这 300 人的人群，我想，他对他的儿子感到了如此多的爱，以至于他崩溃了，我的意思是，无法控制。
I'm normally like second best crybaby, but I had to keep the place together [laughs]...What a guy.
我通常是第二好的爱哭鬼，但我必须让这个地方保持在一起[笑]……真是个家伙。
I love him dearly.
我非常爱他。
George H.
乔治·H.
W.
W.
Bush: Because of the five of you whose hugs I can still feel, whose own lives have made me so proud, I can confidently tell my guardian angel that my life is CAVU; and it will be until the day I die.
布什：因为你们五个人的拥抱我仍然能感受到，他们自己的生活让我如此自豪，我可以自信地告诉我的守护天使，我的生活就是CAVU；直到我死的那一天。
Read about the life of 41st President of the United States George Herbert Walker Bush, a man born to both economic and political privilege, and tutored in modesty.
了解美国第 41 任总统乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什的一生，他生来就享有经济和政治特权，并受到谦虚的教育。
This teacher's guide has been created to accompany the film, for use in classrooms and other learning spaces.
本教师指南是为配合电影而制作的，供在教室和其他学习空间使用。
"I can confidently tell my guardian angel that my life is CAVU; and it will be until the day I die," George H.W.
乔治·H·W·布什 (George H.W.
Bush.
衬套。
George H.W.
乔治·H.W.
Bush was changed forever by his time as a combat pilot in World War II.
布什在第二次世界大战中担任战斗飞行员的经历永远改变了他。
Barbara Pierce met George Bush when she was just 16.
芭芭拉·皮尔斯 (Barbara Pierce) 16 岁时就认识了乔治·布什 (George Bush)。
She married him three years later.
三年后她嫁给了他。
A comparison of George Bush and Ronald Reagan.
乔治·布什和罗纳德·里根的比较。
In 1992, President HW Bush seemed increasingly out of touch.
1992 年，布什总统似乎越来越脱离现实。
As first lady, Barbara Bush drew on her experience as a mother to shape the projects she chose to champion.
作为第一夫人，芭芭拉·布什利用她作为母亲的经验来制定她选择支持的项目。
In the early 1990s, George H.W.
20 世纪 90 年代初，乔治·H·W·布什 (George H.W.
Bush was faced with growing economic insecurity.
布什面临着日益严重的经济不安全感。
In August 1990, H.W.
In August 1990, H.W.
Bush took a stand against Iraqi aggression against Kuwait.
布什坚决反对伊拉克侵略科威特。
HW Bush initiated a war in Iraq instead of imposing economic sanctions.
布什没有实施经济制裁，而是发动了伊拉克战争。
HW Bush fired most of Reagan's appointees to distance himself from his predecessor.
HW布什解雇了里根任命的大部分人选，以与他的前任保持距离。