John Brown's Holy War
David McCullough, Series Host: Hello and welcome to The American Experience.
系列主持人大卫·麦卡洛：大家好，欢迎来到《美国经历》。
Long before the Civil War, long before Abraham Lincoln or Robert E.
早在南北战争之前，早在亚伯拉罕·林肯或罗伯特·E·肯尼迪之前。
Lee were even born, thoughtful men and women North and South could sense the coming storm.
即使李出生了，南北有思想的男女都能感觉到即将到来的风暴。
In the midst of the Revolutionary War, Abigail Adams of Massachusetts, in a letter to her husband John, pondered whether the agonies and bloodshed of the time were God's punishment for the sin of slavery, and if worse was yet to come.
在独立战争期间，马萨诸塞州的阿比盖尔·亚当斯在给丈夫约翰的一封信中思考，当时的痛苦和流血是否是上帝对奴隶制罪恶的惩罚，更糟糕的是否还在后头。
In Virginia, where hundreds of his own slaves tilled his fields, Thomas Jefferson, dwelling on the evils of slavery, wrote, "I tremble for my country when I reflect God is just." And when the storm came, generations later, it was little wonder that its vivid harbinger, Old John Brown, was seen by so many as a messenger of God.
在弗吉尼亚州，数百名奴隶耕种着自己的田地，托马斯·杰斐逊在深思奴隶制的罪恶时写道：“当我想到上帝是公正的时，我为我的国家而颤抖。”几代人之后，当风暴来临时，毫不奇怪，它的生动先驱老约翰·布朗被这么多人视为上帝的使者。
He himself had no doubt of it.
他自己对此也毫不怀疑。
But who could have ever predicted that so strange and self-contrived a figure would be the one to set history on fire -- a red-faced,thread-bare, scare-crow of a man with wild reddish brown hair and sky-blue eyes with a look in them that to many bespoke madness, and who one terrible night in Kansas committed cold-blooded murder.
但谁能预料到，如此奇怪、自作多情的人物会成为点燃历史的人——一个红脸、衣衫褴褛、稻草人的男人，有着狂野的红棕色头发和天蓝色的眼睛，眼神里有一种对许多人来说是定制的疯狂，他在堪萨斯州的一个可怕的夜晚犯下了冷血的谋杀案。
Who could have ever forseen that it would be he as much as anyone who brought on the bloodiest American upheaval ever?
谁能预见到他会像其他人一样引发美国有史以来最血腥的动乱？
Our film is John Brown's story -- the history, the myth, the place he commands in the imagination still, and always will.
我们的电影是约翰·布朗的故事——历史、神话，以及他在想象中仍然占据的地位，而且永远如此。
For there are certain figures in the American story that loom large, no matter time's passing, indeed, whose stories must be understood if there is to be any real understanding of American history.
事实上，无论时间如何流逝，美国故事中的某些人物仍然很重要，如果要真正了解美国历史，就必须了解他们的故事。
"John Brown's Holy War" by producer Robbie Kenner.
制片人罗比·肯纳的《约翰·布朗的圣战》。
Narration: On December 2nd, 1859, a tall, thin, 59 year—old man rode on a wooden box in an open wagon.
旁白：1859年12月2日，一位高瘦的59岁老人骑在一辆敞篷马车的木箱上。
The box was his coffin; he was going to his execution.
盒子就是他的棺材；他要去执行死刑。
He'd just handed his jailer a note.
他刚刚给了狱卒一张纸条。
John Brown Reading: I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away, but with Blood.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我约翰·布朗现在非常确定，这片有罪的土地上的罪行永远不会被清除，除非用鲜血。
I had vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done.
我徒劳地自以为不用太多流血就可以做到这一点。
Narration: For most of his life, John Brown had been an obscure shepherd and tanner.
旁白：约翰·布朗一生的大部分时间都是默默无闻的牧羊人和制革工人。
Now he was a national symbol.
现在他是国家的象征。
Russell Banks, Author: Brown goes from being a very minor figure in the abolitionist war against slavery to the emblematic figure of that, the defining figure, in some ways.
拉塞尔·班克斯（Russell Banks），作者：布朗从废奴主义反对奴隶制战争中的一个非常小人物，变成了这场战争的象征性人物，在某些方面是决定性的人物。
Narration: To abolitionists, John Brown was a hero -- a saintly man who killed for his beliefs.
旁白：对于废奴主义者来说，约翰·布朗是一位英雄——一位为自己的信仰而杀戮的圣人。
But others saw him as the embodiment of evil: a murderer and lunatic.
但其他人则认为他是邪恶的化身：杀人犯和疯子。
Bruce Olds: Was he mad?
布鲁斯·奥兹：他疯了吗？
He was obsessed, he was fanatical, he was monomaniacal, he was a zealot, and psychologically unbalanced.
他痴迷，他狂热，他偏执，他狂热，心理不平衡。
Margaret Washington, Historian: John Brown was fighting for the American creed, putting into practice the words of Thomas Jefferson, that "the tree of liberty should be watered with the blood of tyrants." Dennis Frye, Historian: Brown carved a canyon in public opinion that split North and South and no longer were there any ties.
玛格丽特·华盛顿，历史学家：约翰·布朗正在为美国信条而战，将托马斯·杰斐逊的话付诸实践，即“自由之树应该用暴君的鲜血浇灌”。历史学家丹尼斯·弗莱（Dennis Frye）：布朗在公众舆论中划出了一道峡谷，将南北分开，不再有任何联系。
Brown had taken his sword and sliced the connections.
布朗拿起他的剑，切断了连接。
Narration: The South rejoiced in the execution.
旁白：南方对处决感到高兴。
But throughout the North, church bells tolled for him.
但整个北方，教堂的钟声都在为他而鸣。
Reading: Some 1800 years ago, Christ was crucified.
阅读：大约 1800 年前，基督被钉在十字架上。
This morning, Captain Brown was hung.
今天早上，布朗船长被绞死。
He is not Old Brown any longer; he is an angel of light.
他不再是老布朗了；他不再是老布朗了。他是光明天使。
— Henry David Thoreau.
——亨利·大卫·梭罗。
Narration: "Let them hang me," John Brown had written.
旁白：“让他们绞死我吧，”约翰·布朗写道。
"I am worth inconceivably more to hang than for any other purpose." His wish had come true.
“我比任何其他目的更值得被绞死。”他的愿望实现了。
After a life of failure, John Brown was finally a success.
在经历了一生的失败之后，约翰·布朗终于获得了成功。
John Brown's Holy War Narration: When John was just 12 years old, he drove a herd of cattle by himself through 100 miles of wilderness, from Ohio to Michigan.
约翰·布朗的圣战叙述：当约翰只有12岁时，他独自赶着一群牛穿过100英里的荒野，从俄亥俄州到密歇根州。
There he lodged with a man who owned a slave boy.
在那里，他寄宿在一个拥有一个男奴的男人家里。
His host treated John well; but the slave was beaten before his eyes with an iron shovel.
他的主人对约翰很好。但奴隶却在他眼前被铁铲殴打。
Narration: The memory would forever haunt John Brown.
旁白：这段记忆将永远困扰着约翰·布朗。
Russell Banks: There was, driving him, a kind of rage, a deep psychological anger that allowed him to ally himself, as he did -- so thoroughly and so unusually, for a white man -- with the anger and resentment and sense of loss that African Americans had.
拉塞尔·班克斯：驱使他的是一种愤怒，一种深深的心理愤怒，使他能够将自己与非洲裔美国人所拥有的愤怒、怨恨和失落感结合起来，就像他所做的那样——对于一个白人来说，如此彻底、如此不寻常。
Narration: John Brown was born on May 9th, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut.
旁白：约翰·布朗于 1800 年 5 月 9 日出生于康涅狄格州托林顿。
His father Owen had always hated slavery.
他的父亲欧文一直讨厌奴隶制。
To hold humans in bondage, Owen believed, was a sin against God.
欧文认为，束缚人类是对上帝的犯罪。
When John was five, Owen and his wife Ruth moved their family west -- to Hudson, Ohio.
当约翰五岁的时候，欧文和他的妻子露丝举家向西搬到了俄亥俄州的哈德逊。
They would soon carve a homestead out of what seemed to young John "a wilderness, filled with wild beasts & Indians." His would be a short childhood.
他们很快就会在年轻的约翰看来“一片充满野兽和印第安人的荒野”中开辟出一个家园。他的童年将是短暂的。
John was eight years old when his mother died.
约翰八岁时，他的母亲去世了。
This was the first of many losses John Brown would endure.
这是约翰·布朗遭受的众多损失中的第一个。
John Brown Reading: God has chastised us often, & sore.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：上帝经常惩罚我们，而且很痛苦。
Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him.
尽管他杀了我，但我仍会信任他。
Narration: To John, all these losses were the work of the Lord.
旁白：对约翰来说，这一切的损失都是主的工作。
He was raised a Calvinist; for the Calvinist, life on earth was an ongoing trial, and the true believer had to adhere to a strict code of right and wrong -- or else answer to God.
他从小就是加尔文主义者。对于加尔文主义者来说，地球上的生活是一场持续的考验，真正的信徒必须遵守严格的是非准则，否则就要向上帝负责。
Margaret Washington: Religion permeated American society in the 19th century in a way that it's difficult to imagine in contemporary times.
玛格丽特·华盛顿：宗教在 19 世纪以一种当代难以想象的方式渗透到美国社会。
But this was a nation that was founded, to a large extent, on religious principles.
但这个国家在很大程度上是建立在宗教原则之上的。
And religious principles guided the Brown family, certainly guided John Brown.
宗教原则指导着布朗家族，当然也指导着约翰·布朗。
Narration: As a boy, he memorized every verse in the Bible.
旁白：小时候，他记住了圣经中的每一节经文。
He also developed an encyclopedic knowledge of animals.
他还发展了有关动物的百科全书式知识。
Russell Banks: He was a great, great shepherd and brought to it a tender-heartedness, an affection that he could really only rarely muster towards human beings.
拉塞尔·班克斯：他是一位非常非常伟大的牧羊人，他给牧羊人带来了一种温柔的心肠，一种他对人类很少有的感情。
Narration: His father ran a tannery; but John was too ambitious and too headstrong to take orders from anyone.
旁白：他的父亲经营一家制革厂；但约翰野心太大，也太任性，不愿意听从任何人的命令。
At 17, he started a competing tannery of his own.
17 岁时，他创办了自己的竞争制革厂。
Edward Renehan, Author: Throughout his career we see John Brown insisting on taking the lead in all things.
爱德华·雷内汉（Edward Renehan），作者：在约翰·布朗的整个职业生涯中，我们看到他坚持在所有事情上都处于领先地位。
And when he is not permitted to do so, we see him rebelling and leaving.
当他不被允许这样做时，我们看到他叛逆并离开。
Narration: One of his brothers described John as "a King against whom there is no rising up." When he was 20, a young woman named Dianthe Lusk came to work in John's house.
叙述：他的一个兄弟形容约翰是“无人能反抗的王”。当他 20 岁时，一位名叫黛安特·拉斯克 (Dianthe Lusk) 的年轻女子来到约翰家工作。
They soon married.
他们很快就结婚了。
In the next 12 years, Dianthe would bear 7 children.
在接下来的 12 年里，黛安特生下了 7 个孩子。
Together they moved deep into the Pennsylvania wilderness.
他们一起深入宾夕法尼亚州的荒野。
He built a tannery, and had fifteen men working for him.
他建造了一家制革厂，并有十五个人为他工作。
For a time, Brown prospered.
一时间，布朗风光无限。
Russell Banks: He's a leader in the community, preaching on Sunday and teaching evenings.
拉塞尔·班克斯：他是社区的领袖，周日讲道，晚上教学。
He's just out of adolescence and he's already carving out a founding fathers kind of role.
他刚刚走出青春期，已经开始扮演开国元勋的角色。
Not that different from, an Old Testament chieftain going off into the wilderness and carving out a community.
这与《旧约》中的酋长进入荒野并建立一个社区没有什么不同。
Narration: As a father, John Brown was both respected and feared.
旁白：作为一名父亲，约翰·布朗既令人尊敬又令人畏惧。
He made his oldest child, John Jr., keep an account book of the punishment due him.
他让他的大孩子小约翰记下一本账本，记录他受到的惩罚。
Narration: For disobeying his mother, the boy owed eight lashes; three lashes, for unfaithfulness at work; for telling a lie, eight lashes more.
旁白：男孩因为不听母亲的话，被鞭打八下；因工作不忠，鞭打三下；说谎者，加鞭八鞭。
Reading: One Sunday, Father invited me to accompany him to the tannery, saying it was time for a settlement.
阅读：一个周日，父亲邀请我陪他去制革厂，说是时候和解了。
I paid about one third of the debt.
我还清了大约三分之一的债务。
Then, to my utter astonishment, Father stripped off his shirt, gave me the whip and bade me "lay it on" on his bare back.
然后，令我大吃一惊的是，父亲脱掉了他的衬衫，把鞭子递给我，并命令我“把它放在”他光秃秃的背上。
At first I did not strike hard.
起初我并没有大力打击。
"Harder!" he said, "Harder, Harder!" Small drops of blood showed on his back.
“更难！”他说：“再难一点，再难一点！”他的背上出现了小滴血迹。
-- John Brown, Jr. Bruce Olds, Author: You had the son in the role of sinful mankind, whipping the father, who was playing the Christ figure.
——小约翰·布朗布鲁斯·奥尔兹，作者：你让儿子扮演有罪的人类角色，鞭打扮演基督形象的父亲。
His father was giving him a form of catechism, a religious lesson.
他的父亲正在给他上一堂教义问答，一堂宗教课。
It's still, for all of that, utterly odd.
尽管如此，这仍然是完全奇怪的。
Russell Banks: On the one hand, yes, he was this authoritative, patriarchal figure in all his relations.
拉塞尔·班克斯：一方面，是的，他在所有关系中都是一个权威的、重男轻女的人物。
On the other hand, he was also caring and custodial and gentle and sensitive and smart and funny in his dealings with them.
另一方面，他在与他们打交道时也很关心、有监护权、温柔、敏感、聪明、有趣。
Reading: Father would sit in front of a lively fire, and take us children, one, two, or three at a time, and sing until bedtime.
阅读：父亲会坐在生火前，带着我们孩子，每次一个、两个或三个，唱歌直到睡觉。
We all loved to hear him sing.
我们都喜欢听他唱歌。
-- Jason Brown.
——杰森·布朗。
John Brown Reading: Dear Sons & Daughters: It is a source of utmost comfort to me that I retain a warm place in the sympathies, affections, and confidence of my family.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：亲爱的儿子们和女儿们：我在家人的同情、关爱和信任中保持着温暖的位置，这对我来说是最大的安慰。
A man can hardly get into difficulties if he has a firm foothold at home.
一个人如果在家里站稳了脚跟，就很难陷入困境。
Remember that.
请记住这一点。
Narration: But sorrow again came to Brown when Dianthe contracted a fever and died.
旁白：但是当黛安丝发烧并去世时，布朗再次感到悲痛。
He sat motionless for hours; for days, he could not leave the house.
他一动不动地坐了好几个小时。一连几天，他都无法离开家。
A year later, Brown married again.
一年后，布朗再次结婚。
Mary Day was half his age; she was buxom, black-haired, and stoic.
玛丽·戴只有他一半的年龄。她身材丰满、黑发、坚忍。
She cared for his five children, and would bear thirteen of her own.
她照顾他的五个孩子，并会生下自己的十三个孩子。
Burdened by his growing family, Brown soon had trouble making ends meet.
布朗的家庭负担越来越重，很快他就陷入了收支平衡的困境。
He began to borrow heavily.
他开始大量借贷。
Money was a problem that would plague John Brown all his life.
金钱是一个困扰约翰·布朗一生的问题。
Outside the Pennsylvania woods, the country was changing.
在宾夕法尼亚州的森林之外，这个国家正在发生变化。
Slavery was expanding through the Deep South.
奴隶制正在向南方腹地扩张。
King Cotton had become wildly profitable, thanks to the cotton gin and slave labor.
得益于轧棉机和奴隶劳动，棉花王变得异常有利可图。
Then in 1831, a brash young writer began to call for an end to slavery in his Boston newspaper.
1831 年，一位傲慢的年轻作家开始在他的波士顿报纸上呼吁结束奴隶制。
William Lloyd Garrison was the spearhead of a new movement called abolitionism.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森是废奴主义新运动的先锋。
Narration: It would develop into a powerful moral crusade.
旁白：它将发展成为一场强大的道德运动。
But at first the movement was just a handful of proper Bostonians.
但起初，这场运动只是少数波士顿人的参与。
Abolitionists were well-educated, religious -- and as a matter of principle -- non-violent.
废奴主义者受过良好教育，有宗教信仰，而且原则上是非暴力的。
But even in the North, the movement was controversial and dangerous.
但即使在北方，这场运动也充满争议且危险。
In Boston, a proslavery mob dragged Garrison through the streets and nearly lynched him.
在波士顿，一群支持奴隶制的暴徒拖着加里森穿过街道，差点把他处以私刑。
Narration: Despite the dangers, abolitionism spread quickly to the West.
旁白：尽管存在危险，废奴主义还是迅速蔓延到西方。
In 1835, John Brown moved his family back to Hudson, Ohio.
1835 年，约翰·布朗举家搬回俄亥俄州哈德逊。
The remote village was already a center of anti-slavery activity.
这个偏远的村庄已经成为反奴隶制活动的中心。
James Horton: If you lived in Ohio, it was almost impossible not to have some feel for efforts to escape from slavery.
詹姆斯·霍顿：如果你住在俄亥俄州，几乎不可能不对摆脱奴隶制的努力产生一些感觉。
After all, Ohio was right across the river, from slavery; and there were lots of fugitives that made that journey across the river Jordan, you know, across the Ohio River.
毕竟，俄亥俄州就在河对岸，远离奴隶制。有很多逃犯跨过约旦河，你知道，跨过俄亥俄河。
Narration: For many fugitives, the road to freedom ran through Hudson.
旁白：对于许多逃亡者来说，自由之路经过哈德逊。
Like his father, John Brown was a stationmaster on the Underground Railroad.
和他的父亲一样，约翰·布朗也是地下铁路的站长。
He hid runaway slaves, then guided them in their flight North -- risking his life for the cause.
他藏匿了逃跑的奴隶，然后引导他们逃往北方——为此冒着生命危险。
Russell Banks: This is action, this is a means by which he can do the Lord's work in a hands-on, active, meaningful way.
拉塞尔·班克斯：这就是行动，这是他能够以实际行动、积极主动、有意义的方式完成主的工作的一种方式。
It's not just simply standing around and stamping your feet in rage; he puts his rage to work.
这不仅仅是站在那里愤怒地跺脚；他把他的愤怒付诸行动。
Narration: But this was a time when even words could get a man killed.
旁白：但在这个时代，言语也可能置人于死地。
In Illinois, a clergyman named Elijah Lovejoy began to publish an antislavery newspaper.
在伊利诺伊州，一位名叫伊利亚·洛夫乔伊的牧师开始出版一份反奴隶制报纸。
Three times a rioting mob destroyed his printing press.
骚乱暴徒三度毁坏了他的印刷机。
And then -- on November 7th, 1837 -- they shot Lovejoy to death.
然后，1837 年 11 月 7 日，他们枪杀了洛夫乔伊。
His murder sent a wave of shock through the North.
他的谋杀案震惊了整个北方。
The town of Hudson held a memorial service.
哈德逊镇举行了追悼会。
In the back of the church, an angular 37-year-old man rose from his seat, and raised his right hand as if taking a vow.
教堂后方，一名三十七岁的瘦削男子从座位上站起身来，举起右手，仿佛在发誓。
He spoke a single sentence.
他只说了一句话。
John Brown Reading: Here before God, in the presence of these witnesses, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：在上帝面前，在这些证人面前，我将我的生命奉献给废除奴隶制。
Narration: It was his first public statement on slavery.
旁白：这是他第一次关于奴隶制的公开声明。
John Brown had made his commitment.
约翰·布朗做出了他的承诺。
But for many years his private struggles would keep him from honoring the pledge.
但多年来，他的个人斗争使他无法兑现这一承诺。
Bruce Olds: He was, despite the rhetoric, more concerned with a making a life for himself and his family and just scraping by.
布鲁斯·奥尔兹：尽管有这样的言辞，他更关心的是为自己和家人谋生，勉强度日。
I mean, these people rarely lived, his family I mean, more than a subsistence existence.
我的意思是，这些人很少生活，我的意思是他的家人，不仅仅是维持生计。
Dennis Frye: He was, I think, ripped inside by -- what road should I follow?
丹尼斯·弗莱：我想，他的内心被撕裂了——我应该走哪条路？
If I care for my family, work for my family, then I will not be able to serve my God and answer His calling to free these people in bondage.
如果我关心我的家人，为我的家人工作，那么我将无法事奉我的神并回应他的呼召来释放这些受奴役的人。
Narration: Like many Americans, John Brown wanted to be part of the great adventure that was transforming the nation in the 1830s.
旁白：像许多美国人一样，约翰·布朗希望成为 1830 年代改变国家的伟大冒险的一部分。
Inventions like the telegraph changed the world overnight.
像电报这样的发明一夜之间改变了世界。
The country was booming -- moving on the wheels of the new steam-powered railroads, or churning up rivers on paddlewheel steamboats.
这个国家正在蓬勃发展——在新的蒸汽动力铁路的车轮上行驶，或者在明轮汽船上搅动河流。
Land speculation made people rich.
土地投机使人们致富。
And John Brown wanted his share.
约翰·布朗也想要他的那一份。
Dennis Frye: Brown was obsessed with earning money, with taking care of his finances.
丹尼斯·弗莱：布朗痴迷于赚钱和管理自己的财务。
And everything that Brown did in his business dealings was driven because John Brown was a driven man.
布朗在商业交易中所做的一切都是有动力的，因为约翰·布朗是一个有动力的人。
He was an ambitious man.
他是一个雄心勃勃的人。
Narration: Brown borrowed thousands to speculate in land -- just in time for the Panic of 1837.
旁白：布朗借了数千美元进行土地投机——正好赶上了 1837 年的恐慌。
James Stewart, Historian: The panic of 1837 was the largest bankruptcy that the United States had ever had.
历史学家詹姆斯·斯图尔特：1837 年的恐慌是美国有史以来最大规模的破产。
Brown was swept along in a current of default and collapse.
布朗被拖入违约和崩溃的潮流中。
Brown would be a typical story of someone who invested, as thousands did, and lost thousands, as thousands did as well.
布朗是一个典型的故事，他投资了数千人，也损失了数千人。
Narration: When his land schemes fell apart, he tried breeding sheep.
旁白：当他的土地计划失败后，他尝试养羊。
He started another tannery -- bought and sold cattle -- each time, a failure.
他又创办了一家制革厂，买卖牛，但每次都以失败告终。
But John Brown stubbornly refused to accept failure.
但约翰·布朗固执地拒绝接受失败。
Although England exported its plentiful wool to America, Brown believed he could sell American wool there.
尽管英国向美国出口了丰富的羊毛，但布朗相信他可以在那里出售美国羊毛。
He traveled to London -- and promptly lost $40,000.
他前往伦敦，很快就损失了 40,000 美元。
Paul Finkelman, Historian: Much of his adult life he spent trying to settle debts and he's constantly in debt, he has to go into bankruptcy which is a terrible personal blow to him.
保罗·芬克尔曼，历史学家：他成年后的大部分时间都在试图偿还债务，而且他一直负债累累，他不得不破产，这对他个人来说是一个可怕的打击。
Russell Banks: His failure frustrated him and it must have been a very ongoing, nagging, painful conflict and it forced him into humiliating circumstances.
拉塞尔·班克斯：他的失败让他感到沮丧，这一定是一场持续不断的、令人烦恼的、痛苦的冲突，迫使他陷入了屈辱的境地。
Narration: Lawsuits against him piled up in four states.
旁白：针对他的诉讼在四个州堆积如山。
His farm tools, furniture, and sheep were auctioned off.
他的农具、家具、羊都被拍卖了。
When his farm was taken away, Brown snapped.
当他的农场被夺走时，布朗勃然大怒。
Narration: Along with three sons, he barricaded himself inside a cabin.
旁白：他和三个儿子一起把自己关在一间小屋里。
The sheriff got up a posse to evict them.
警长派了一支队伍来驱逐他们。
John Brown Reading: I felt myself to be deeply and sorely injured.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我感觉自己受到了深深的伤害。
I was making preparation for a distressing, wasting, and protracted war.
我正在为一场痛苦的、消耗性的、旷日持久的战争做准备。
Narration: But after a few days, Brown surrendered, and was thrown into jail.
旁白：但几天后，布朗投降了，并被投入监狱。
His defiance had brought only humiliation and shame.
他的反抗只带来了屈辱和耻辱。
Narration: Then, in 1843, dysentery ravaged the Brown household.
旁白：1843年，痢疾肆虐布朗一家。
He wrote John Jr.: John Brown Reading: Dear Son -- God has seen to visit us with the pestilence since you left, and Four of our number sleep in the dust.
他写了小约翰：约翰·布朗阅读：亲爱的儿子——自从你离开后，上帝已经看到瘟疫降临到我们身上，我们的四个人睡在尘土里。
They were all children towards whom perhaps we might have felt a little partial but they all now lie in a little row together.
他们都是孩子，也许我们可能对他们有一点偏爱，但他们现在都挤在一起。
Russell Banks: He believed, to the bottom of his bones that his life on earth was meant to be lived as a test, a moral test.
拉塞尔·班克斯：他从骨子里相信，他在地球上的生活就是一场考验，一场道德考验。
Narration: In the midst of his losses, John Brown had a dream.
旁白：在失去亲人的过程中，约翰·布朗做了一个梦。
He imagined a great event in which he, the small-time farmer who'd failed in everything he touched, would become the messenger of God.
他想象着一场伟大的事件，其中他这个凡事都失败的小农夫将成为上帝的使者。
Charles Joyner, Historian: He was a very orthodox Calvinist who believed he was predestined to free the slaves and end this terrible wickedness that the law had sanctioned all these years.
查尔斯·乔伊纳（Charles Joyner），历史学家：他是一位非常正统的加尔文主义者，相信他注定要解放奴隶并结束这些年来法律所制裁的可怕罪恶。
Narration: He began seeking out prominent African Americans — people who could help make his dream a reality.
旁白：他开始寻找杰出的非裔美国人——那些可以帮助他实现梦想的人。
Frederick Douglas, the brilliant writer and former slave, agreed to meet him.
杰出作家、前奴隶弗雷德里克·道格拉斯同意与他会面。
Reading: Brown denounced slavery in language fierce and bitter, and thought that slaveholders had forfeited the right to live -- that the slaves had the right to gain their liberty in any way they could.
阅读：布朗用激烈而尖刻的语言谴责奴隶制，并认为奴隶主已经丧失了生存权——奴隶有权以任何方式获得自由。
Brown thought that he had no better use for his life than to lay it down in the cause of the slave.
布朗认为，他的生命没有比为奴隶的事业献出更好的用途了。
-- Frederick Douglass.
——弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
Narration: Douglass was deeply impressed by John Brown.
旁白：道格拉斯对约翰·布朗印象深刻。
Soon after, Douglass shocked an abolitionist meeting by declaring, "slavery can only be destroyed by bloodshed." Narration: In the spring of 1848, Brown arrived at a white-columned mansion in Peterboro, New York, the home of Gerrit Smith.
不久之后，道格拉斯在废奴主义者会议上宣布：“奴隶制只能通过流血来摧毁”，震惊了一次废奴主义者会议。旁白：1848年春天，布朗来到纽约彼得伯勒的一座白柱豪宅，也就是格里特·史密斯的家。
Narration: Smith was a wealthy abolitionist, owning a million acres of land.
旁白：史密斯是一位富有的废奴主义者，拥有一百万英亩的土地。
In a wild part of the Adirondacks called North Elba, he had set aside a huge area for an experiment: he gave away pieces of farmland, hoping to establish a community of freed slaves.
在阿迪朗达克山脉的一个叫做北厄尔巴岛的荒野地区，他划出了一大片土地进行实验：他放弃了一些农田，希望建立一个由自由奴隶组成的社区。
Narration: John Brown was looking for a chance to start over.
旁白：约翰·布朗正在寻找重新开始的机会。
He could be, he said, "a kind of father" to the black farmers.
他说，他可以成为黑人农民的“父亲”。
He moved his family to North Elba.
他举家搬到了北厄尔巴岛。
But it was a harsh, remote place -- too cold even to raise corn.
但那是一个严酷、偏远的地方——太冷了，甚至无法种植玉米。
Russell Banks: I think for Brown, North Elba was almost paradisiacal, in some way.
拉塞尔·班克斯：我认为对于布朗来说，从某种程度上来说，北厄尔巴岛几乎就是天堂。
It brought all the different ambitions and fantasies of his life together in one place.
它将他一生中所有不同的抱负和幻想聚集在一处。
He was able to be the patriarch in his family, the shepherd of his family.
他能够成为家里的族长，一家人的牧羊人。
He was able to work in a very active way for the overthrow of slavery.
他能够以非常积极的方式致力于推翻奴隶制。
Narration: One day hikers emerged from the woods by Brown's house.
旁白：有一天，徒步旅行者从布朗家附近的树林里走出来。
The strangers were asked in to share the family meal.
陌生人被邀请进来分享家庭聚餐。
One was author and abolitionist Richard Henry Dana.
其中一位是作家兼废奴主义者理查德·亨利·达纳。
Reading: We were all ranged at a long table; two negroes had their places with us.
阅读：我们都坐在一张长桌旁；两个黑人和我们在一起。
Mr. Brown said a solemn grace.
布朗先生庄严地说道。
I observed that he called the negroes by their surnames, with the prefixes of Mr. and Mrs. It was plain that they had not been so treated or spoken to before.
我注意到他称呼黑人的姓氏，并加上先生和夫人的前缀。很明显，他们以前从未受到过这样的待遇或交谈。
-- Richard Henry Dana.
——理查德·亨利·达纳。
James Horton, Historian: He is socializing and associating with Blacks in this community.
历史学家詹姆斯·霍顿：他正在这个社区与黑人交往和交往。
This is something unheard of for a white man to be doing in the middle of the 19th century.
对于 19 世纪中叶的白人来说，这是闻所未闻的事情。
Most abolitionists were lukewarm, at best, on the notion of racial equality.
大多数废奴主义者对种族平等的概念充其量只是冷淡。
John Brown in this regard was, I think, remarkable.
我认为约翰·布朗在这方面是非常出色的。
Narration: But Brown's old debts forced him from North Elba.
旁白：但布朗的旧债迫使他离开了北厄尔巴岛。
For years, he traveled from courtroom to courtroom, fending off creditors.
多年来，他从一个法庭奔赴另一个法庭，抵御债权人。
While his life was consumed by lawsuits, the national debate over slavery was heating up.
当他的生活被诉讼占据时，全国范围内关于奴隶制的辩论却在升温。
In Washington, proslavery advocates controlled the Senate, the Supreme Court, and even the White House.
在华盛顿，奴隶制倡导者控制了参议院、最高法院，甚至白宫。
In 1850, Southerners pushed the Fugitive Slave Act through Congress.
1850 年，南方人在国会推动《逃亡奴隶法案》获得通过。
The Act gave bounty hunters the right to hunt down runaway slaves -- anywhere.
该法案赋予赏金猎人在任何地方追捕逃亡奴隶的权利。
James Stewart: After 1850, it seemed to African Americans and to many, many whites, and especially to someone like John Brown, as if the interests of slavery truly did rule the nation.
詹姆斯·斯图尔特：1850 年后，对于非裔美国人和许多白人，尤其是像约翰·布朗这样的人来说，似乎奴隶制的利益确实统治了这个国家。
Many people believed deeply that the United States had turned from its democratic heritage to something evil, corrupt, and despicable.
许多人深信美国已经从其民主传统变成了邪恶、腐败和卑鄙的东西。
Narration: Still, the South kept pressuring Congress to open up new lands to slavery.
旁白：尽管如此，南方仍然不断向国会施压，要求他们开辟新的奴隶制土地。
For years, slavery had been barred from the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
多年来，堪萨斯州和内布拉斯加州境内一直禁止奴隶制。
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 now gave settlers the right to decide by vote whether their territories would be slave or free.
1854 年的堪萨斯-内布拉斯加州法案现在赋予定居者通过投票决定其领土是奴隶制还是自由的权利。
Narration: Like hundreds of others, five of Brown's sons decided to homestead in Kansas, to help defeat slavery with the ballot.
旁白：像其他数百人一样，布朗的五个儿子决定在堪萨斯州定居，以帮助通过选票击败奴隶制。
John Jr., Jason, Salmon, Owen and Frederick started West.
小约翰、杰森、萨蒙、欧文和弗雷德里克首发西部。
But John Brown did not go.
但约翰·布朗没有去。
Russell Banks: Brown's reluctance to go down into Kansas has to be seen in the light of his age.
拉塞尔·班克斯：布朗不愿意去堪萨斯州必须从他的年龄来看待。
He was 55 years old and by actuarial tables of the 1850s, that was an old man.
他今年 55 岁，按照 1850 年代的精算表，已经是一位老人了。
And, so yeah, his reluctance, to me, seems perfectly natural under the circumstances, why would he go charging off, this is a young man's fight.
而且，是的，在我看来，他的不情愿在这种情况下似乎是很自然的，为什么他要冲锋陷阵，这是一个年轻人的战斗。
Narration: In the summer of 1855, Brown returned to North Elba.
旁白：1855年夏天，布朗回到北厄尔巴岛。
It had been almost 20 years since he'd publicly declared war on slavery.
距离他公开向奴隶制宣战已经快20年了。
But his vow was still unfulfilled.
但他的誓言仍然没有实现。
He was exhausted, ground down.
他已经筋疲力尽，倒地不起。
All he wanted, he said, was to "lay my bones to rest." But a thousand miles away, history was waiting for him, in Kansas.
他说，他想要的只是“让我的骨头安息”。但在一千英里之外，历史正在堪萨斯州等待着他。
Narration: On March 30th, 1855, proslavery forces invaded Kansas.
旁白：1855年3月30日，奴隶制势力入侵堪萨斯州。
A horde of 5000 heavily-armed Missourians -- known as the "Border Ruffians" -- rode into the territory.
一支由 5000 名全副武装的密苏里人组成的部落——被称为“边境恶棍”——骑马进入该地区。
They seized the polling places and voted in their own legislature.
他们占领了投票站并在自己的立法机关中投票。
From now on, prison awaited any man who spoke out against slavery.
从现在起，任何公开反对奴隶制的人都会被关进监狱。
The abolitionists were outnumbered and outgunned.
废奴主义者在人数和武器上都处于劣势。
Narration: John Brown Jr. sent an urgent letter to his father: Reading: Despotism has secured to its cause thousands of the meanest and most desperate of men.
旁白：小约翰·布朗给他的父亲写了一封紧急信：阅读：专制主义已经确保了成千上万最卑鄙和最绝望的人的事业。
The remedy we propose is that the Anti-Slavery inhabitants should immediately, thoroughly arm, and organize in military companies.
我们建议的补救措施是，反奴隶制居民应立即彻底武装并组织成军事连。
Now we want you to get for us these arms.
现在我们希望你为我们拿走这些武器。
We need them more than we do bread.
我们比面包更需要它们。
Narration: The day after he got the letter, John Brown left North Elba, taking every weapon he could gather.
旁白：收到信的第二天，约翰·布朗带着他能收集到的所有武器离开了北厄尔巴岛。
"I'm going to Kansas," he said, "to make it a Free state." Russell Banks: Brown went for a mix of motives.
“我要去堪萨斯，”他说，“让它成为一个自由州。”拉塞尔·班克斯：布朗的动机是多种多样的。
He certainly went spoiling for a fight, hoping to make this a significant act against slavery.
他当然热衷于一场战斗，希望使这成为反对奴隶制的重大行动。
But he also went to bail out his sons.
但他也去救助他的儿子们。
He's a warrior, he's got his rifle, but he's also a shepherd and he's going down in the wagon to save his sons.
他是一名战士，他有步枪，但他也是一名牧羊人，他要坐在马车上拯救他的儿子们。
Bruce Olds: He was an utter failure, he was despairing, he was in debt.
布鲁斯·奥兹：他是一个彻头彻尾的失败者，他感到绝望，他负债累累。
And I think it got to a point where he felt he had absolutely nothing to lose.
我认为他已经觉得自己已经没有什么可失去的了。
Narration: On Oct.
叙述：十月一日
7th, 1855, the old man arrived at his sons' homestead in Kansas, a place called Brown's Station.
1855年7月7日，老人抵达位于堪萨斯州的儿子们的宅基地，一个叫布朗车站的地方。
He was dismayed at what he found: muddy tents and moldy hay, his boys starving, shivering with fever.
他对所发现的一切感到沮丧：泥泞的帐篷和发霉的干草，他的孩子们挨饿，发烧得瑟瑟发抖。
In three weeks Brown built a sturdy log cabin.
布朗在三周内建造了一座坚固的小木屋。
Then, another.
然后，另一个。
He swiftly brought order to Brown's Station.
他迅速给布朗车站带来了秩序。
It was a snowy, Siberian winter in Kansas, driving both sides into their cabins.
那是堪萨斯州西伯利亚的一个白雪皑皑的冬天，双方都被逼进了各自的小屋。
Then, in January, a free- man was hacked to death; the murderers tossed his mangled body onto his icy doorstep.
然后，在一月份，一名自由民被砍死。凶手把他残破的尸体扔到冰冷的门阶上。
Paul Finkelman: Free-state settlers are being killed, they're being harassed, right near John Brown's settlement on the Pottawatomie Creek are some pro-slavery people, who brag about how they're going to kill all the free-state people, how they're going to push them away.
保罗·芬克尔曼：自由州定居者正在被杀害，他们正在受到骚扰，就在约翰·布朗在波塔瓦托米河的定居点附近，有一些支持奴隶制的人，他们吹嘘他们将如何杀死所有自由州人民，他们将如何将他们赶走。
Narration: From all over the north, money and guns poured into Kansas.
旁白：金钱和枪支从北方各地涌入堪萨斯州。
In Brooklyn, the famous abolitionist preacher Henry Ward Beecher proclaimed, "There are times when self-defense is a religious duty." Beecher's church sent dozens of the new Sharps rifles.
在布鲁克林，著名废奴主义传教士亨利·沃德·比彻宣称：“有时自卫是一项宗教义务。”比彻的教堂送来了数十支新型夏普斯步枪。
The free-state settlers formed into military companies, but they were still no match for the proslavery forces.
自由州定居者组建了军事连，但他们仍然无法与奴隶制势力相抗衡。
Narration: On May 21st, hundreds of Border Ruffians marched on Lawrence, Kansas.
旁白：5月21日，数百名边境恶棍在堪萨斯州劳伦斯游行。
Outnumbered, the free-state men of Lawrence did not fight back.
由于寡不敌众，劳伦斯的自由邦人没有反击。
The Ruffians sacked the town and not one abolitionist dared to fire a gun.
恶棍洗劫了这座城镇，没有一个废奴主义者敢开枪。
Narration: Within hours, Brown received another disturbing report, this time from Washington.
旁白：几个小时内，布朗收到了另一份令人不安的报告，这次是来自华盛顿。
Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner was working on the Senate floor when a Southern Congressman suddenly began smashing Sumner's head with a cane.
废奴主义者参议员查尔斯·萨姆纳正在参议院工作，一名南方国会议员突然开始用拐杖砸萨姆纳的头。
Sumner was beaten to an inch of his life.
萨姆纳被打得半死不活。
This news reached Brown and his men, that May afternoon in Kansas.
五月的那个下午，布朗和他的手下在堪萨斯州听到了这个消息。
Reading: At that...
正在阅读：那时...
the men went crazy -- crazy.
男人们都疯了——疯了。
It seemed to be the finishing, decisive touch.
这似乎是最后的、决定性的一击。
-- Salmon Brown Narration: Late that night, John Brown went into the woods to converse with God.
——萨蒙·布朗旁白：那天深夜，约翰·布朗走进树林与上帝交谈。
Bruce Olds: He did feel he was divinely inspired.
布鲁斯·奥尔兹：他确实觉得自己受到了神圣的启发。
He did feel he was an instrument of God.
他确实觉得自己是上帝的工具。
That he'd been placed on earth to be this avenging angel as it were.
他被安置在地球上就是为了成为这个复仇天使。
Narration: When he emerged from the woods, he told his men to sharpen their swords.
旁白：当他从树林里出来时，他吩咐手下磨刀。
Then Brown stuck a revolver in his belt and led them toward the cabins by Pottawatomie Creek.
然后布朗在腰带上插了一把左轮手枪，带着他们朝波塔瓦托米溪边的小屋走去。
Paul Finkelman: He is going after particular men who have been involved in pro-slavery activities, who are dangerous to the very survival of the free-state settlers in the area.
保罗·芬克尔曼：他正在追捕参与支持奴隶制活动的特定人员，这些人对该地区自由州定居者的生存构成威胁。
Narration: On May 24th, 1856, Brown banged on the door of James Doyle's cabin.
旁白：1856年5月24日，布朗敲响了詹姆斯·道尔小屋的门。
He ordered the men to come outside.
他命令那些人到外面去。
Reading: He said if a man stood between him and what he considered right, he would take his life as coolly as he would eat his breakfast.
阅读：他说，如果一个人挡在他和他认为正确的事情之间，他会像吃早餐一样冷静地对待自己的生活。
With an eye like a snake, he looks like a demon.
有着一双蛇眼，看起来就像是一个恶魔。
-- Mahala Doyle.
——玛哈拉·道尔。
Narration: Brown's men split open heads, cut off arms, executing three of the Doyles.
旁白：布朗的手下劈开头颅，砍断手臂，处决了道尔家族中的三人。
Brown watched as if in a trance.
布朗恍惚地看着。
When they were done, he put a bullet into the head of James Doyle.
当他们完成后，他将一颗子弹射入詹姆斯·道尔的头部。
Narration: Brown's party went to two more cabins, dragged out and killed two more men.
旁白：布朗一行人又去了两间小屋，又拖了出来并杀死了另外两名男子。
Five, in all.
总共五个。
It would be known as the Pottawatomie Massacre.
这将被称为波特瓦托米大屠杀。
Dennis Frye: Pottawatomie is cold blooded murder.
丹尼斯·弗莱：波塔瓦托米是冷血谋杀。
Killing people based on anger, and vengeance.
出于愤怒和复仇而杀人。
That blood was all over the weapons and hands of John Brown and his men at Pottawatomie.
波塔瓦托米的约翰·布朗和他的部下的武器和手上都沾满了血。
Russell Banks: It was in response to extraordinary frustration and despair, I really think he was like Samson trying to pull down the Temple.
拉塞尔·班克斯：这是对异常沮丧和绝望的回应，我真的认为他就像参孙一样试图推倒圣殿。
I don't mean to condone it, any more than I would condone a car bomb in, in Belfast or Jerusalem, but there is a context, there is a progression, and we have to take a leap, an imaginative leap into his time and see the world as he saw it.
我并不是要纵容它，就像我不会纵容贝尔法斯特或耶路撒冷的汽车炸弹一样，但有一个背景，有一个进展，我们必须迈出一步，一次富有想象力的飞跃，进入他的时代，以他的方式看待世界。
Narration: A manhunt began.
旁白：一场搜捕行动开始了。
Proslavery forces burned Brown's Station to ashes.
奴隶制势力将布朗车站烧成灰烬。
They smashed John Jr. with rifle butts until he began to rave.
他们用枪托殴打小约翰，直到他开始胡言乱语。
Jason Brown was beaten almost to death.
杰森·布朗差点被打死。
Neither son had been involved in the killings.
两个儿子都没有参与杀戮。
Narration: John Brown's bloody massacre at Pottawatomie now ignited an all-out war in Kansas.
旁白：约翰·布朗在波塔瓦托米的血腥屠杀现在引发了堪萨斯州的全面战争。
Narration: Three months later, some 250 Border Ruffians attacked the free-soil town of Osawatomie.
旁白：三个月后，大约 250 名边境恶棍袭击了自由土地小镇奥萨瓦托米。
Brown led 30 men, defending the town.
布朗率领30人，保卫小镇。
He fought desperately; but Osawatomie burned to the ground.
他奋力拼搏；但奥萨瓦托米被烧毁了。
His son Frederick lay in the dirt, a bullet through his heart.
他的儿子弗雷德里克躺在泥土中，一颗子弹穿过他的心脏。
Tears rolled down Brown's face.
泪水从布朗的脸上滚落下来。
John Brown Reading: I have only a short time to live, I will die fighting for this cause.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我的生命只剩下很短的时间了，我会为这个事业而奋斗。
There will be no more peace in this land until slavery is done for.
在奴隶制结束之前，这片土地上将不会再有和平。
Russell Banks: Emotional intensity and moral ferocity was what set him apart.
拉塞尔·班克斯：情感的强烈和道德的凶猛使他与众不同。
He didn't just walk through his days -- he boiled through his days.
他不只是走过他的日子——他熬过了他的日子。
Narration: Brown became a guerrilla fighter, hiding out in secret campsites with a small band of followers.
旁白：布朗成为一名游击战士，与一小群追随者躲在秘密露营地。
One afternoon a visitor appeared in camp.
一天下午，营地里出现了一位访客。
He was James Redpath, a 23-year-old Scottish newspaper correspondent sympathetic to the abolitionist cause.
他就是詹姆斯·雷德帕斯 (James Redpath)，一名 23 岁的苏格兰报纸记者，同情废奴主义事业。
Reading: Old Brown himself stood near the fire.
阅读：老布朗本人站在火边。
He was poorly clad, and his toes protruded from his boots...
他衣衫褴褛，脚趾从靴子里伸出来……
After every meal, the old man would retire to the densest solitudes.
每顿饭后，老人都会隐退到最僻静的地方。
He would say that the Lord had directed him in visions; that, for himself, he did not love warfare, but peace.
他会说主在异象中指引了他；就他本人而言，他并不热爱战争，而是热爱和平。
Reading: I have spoken of the rumors of midnight murder in the Pottawatomie region.
阅读：我已经谈到了波塔瓦托米地区午夜谋杀案的谣言。
Captain Brown was accused of having done the deed-- the charge is false.
布朗船长被指控为这件事所为——这一指控是错误的。
Dennis Frye: Brown was not truthful about Pottawatomie.
丹尼斯·弗莱：布朗关于波塔瓦托米的事情并不真实。
We don't know if this is because he did feel guilt, or if it was something that he just simply explained away as when you fight and you're in war, you need to kill.
我们不知道这是因为他确实感到内疚，还是他只是简单地解释说，当你战斗并且处于战争状态时，你需要杀人。
Paul Finkelman: Brown sees himself as always moving towards a greater truth and as long as he's headed towards the greater truth, he is less concerned about the lesser truths along the way.
保罗·芬克尔曼：布朗认为自己总是朝着更大的真理前进，只要他朝着更大的真理前进，他就不太关心沿途的次要真理。
Narration: The interview was John Brown's debut in the national press.
旁白：这次采访是约翰·布朗首次接受全国媒体采访。
Redpath's account of the battle of Osawatomie made Brown a hero in the North.
雷德帕斯对奥萨瓦托米战役的描述使布朗成为北方的英雄。
When Brown rode into Lawrence, a crowd gathered to cheer -- "as if the President had come to town," one man said.
当布朗骑马驶入劳伦斯时，一群人聚集在一起欢呼——“就好像总统来到了小镇一样，”一名男子说。
Paul Finkelman: Northerners had been pushed around by what seemed to be a violent South.
保罗·芬克尔曼：北方人被看似暴力的南方人摆布。
Then Brown bursts upon the scene in Kansas and suddenly there's a Northerner who fights back.
然后布朗突然出现在堪萨斯州，突然有一个北方人发起反击。
Narration: Even in New York, John Brown was now famous.
旁白：即使在纽约，约翰·布朗现在也很出名。
Less than two weeks after the battle, a drama called Ossawattomie Brown celebrated him on Broadway.
战斗结束后不到两周，百老汇上演了一部名为《奥萨瓦托米·布朗》的戏剧来纪念他。
Narration: That fall, peace finally came to Kansas.
旁白：那年秋天，堪萨斯终于迎来了和平。
But for John Brown, the battle would never be over.
但对于约翰·布朗来说，战斗永远不会结束。
Edward Renehan: Kansas is the birth of the Messianic Brown, it's the birth of the Moses-like Brown, it's the birth of the terrorist Brown, it's the birth of the murderer Brown.
爱德华·雷内汉：堪萨斯是弥赛亚布朗的诞生，是摩西式布朗的诞生，是恐怖分子布朗的诞生，是杀人犯布朗的诞生。
Bruce Olds: He was really looking to make Kansas the platform from which a wider war might be fought.
布鲁斯·奥兹：他确实希望将堪萨斯州打造成一场更广泛的战争的平台。
To make that violence proliferate, kind of like a prairie fire, until the whole country was engulfed.
让暴力像燎原之火一样蔓延，直到整个国家被吞没。
Narration: For the next two and a half years, Brown travelled ceaselessly, from Akron to Boston, Chicago to Canada, beseeching abolitionists for guns and money, money and guns.
旁白：在接下来的两年半里，布朗不停地奔波，从阿克伦到波士顿，从芝加哥到加拿大，向废奴主义者乞求枪支和金钱，金钱和枪支。
He was ready to carry his war on slavery into the heart of the South.
他准备将反对奴隶制的战争深入南方腹地。
But he would need help.
但他需要帮助。
Narration: As he stood in the plush, lace-lined parlors of the wealthy Easterners, he seemed to many like a latter-day Son of Liberty.
旁白：当他站在富有的东方人豪华的、镶着蕾丝边的客厅里时，在许多人看来，他就像一位近代的自由之子。
James Stewart: John Brown's skills are personal magnetism, locking his eyes on you and making you feel as if you're seeing into the depths of his soul.
詹姆斯·斯图尔特：约翰·布朗的技巧是个人魅力，他的目光锁定在你身上，让你感觉仿佛看到了他灵魂的深处。
They're intimate skills.
它们是亲密的技能。
They're the skills of an insurgent, they're the skills of a man on fire.
它们是叛乱分子的技能，是烈士的技能。
Narration: In Kansas, John Brown was a wanted man; but in Massachusetts, he appeared before the legislature as one of their own.
旁白：在堪萨斯州，约翰·布朗是一名通缉犯；但在马萨诸塞州，他以自己的一员身份出现在立法机关面前。
He spent the night at the home of writer Ralph Waldo Emerson.
他在作家拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的家中过夜。
He lunched with philosopher Henry David Thoreau.
他与哲学家亨利·大卫·梭罗共进午餐。
To them, Brown seemed like a fantastic frontier hero, straight out of a romantic novel.
对他们来说，布朗就像是一位梦幻般的边疆英雄，直接从浪漫小说中走出来。
Narration: He never mentioned the Pottawatomie murders.
旁白：他从未提及波塔瓦托米谋杀案。
Paul Finkelman: His Northern supporters don't want to know what he's doing.
保罗·芬克尔曼：他的北方支持者不想知道他在做什么。
They're just thrilled to have this charismatic guy in their drawing rooms and in their speaker's halls.
他们很高兴能有这个有魅力的人出现在他们的客厅和演讲厅。
They're willing to give him money and not ask too many questions.
他们愿意给他钱，也不会问太多问题。
Narration: At the Concord Town House, with the passionately nonviolent Thoreau listening, Brown said that he too hated violence, but accepted it as God's will.
旁白：在康科德镇别墅，在热情非暴力的梭罗聆听下，布朗说他也讨厌暴力，但接受它为上帝的旨意。
John Brown Reading: The two most sacred documents in the world are the Bible and the Declaration of Independence.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：世界上最神圣的两份文献是《圣经》和《独立宣言》。
It is better that a whole generation of men, women and children pass away by a violent death than that a word of either should be violated.
整整一代人的男人、女人和儿童惨死，总比任何一个人的一句话被触犯要好。
Narration: A rumor ran through Boston: a federal marshal was about to arrest John Brown.
旁白：波士顿传出谣言：一名联邦法警即将逮捕约翰·布朗。
Brown hid out in the house of Judge Thomas Russell.
布朗躲在托马斯·拉塞尔法官的家里。
He stayed upstairs for weeks, barricading furniture against his door, coming down only for meals.
他在楼上待了几个星期，把家具挡在门边，只下楼吃饭。
He told Mrs. Russell: Reading: I shall never be taken alive, you know, and I should hate to spoil your carpet.
他告诉拉塞尔夫人： 雷丁：我永远不会被活捉，你知道，我不想弄坏你的地毯。
Narration: When he did come down, he liked to shock his hostess.
旁白：当他下来时，他喜欢震惊他的女主人。
Reading: He drew from one boot a long, evil looking knife.
阅读：他从一只靴子里抽出一把看起来很邪恶的长刀。
Then he produced a big pistol.
然后他拿出一把大手枪。
I sat stiff with fright.
我吓得坐直了。
It amused him.
这让他觉得好笑。
"You haven't had this in your parlor before, have you?" he remarked.
“你以前的客厅里没有过这个，是吗？”他说。
Reading: At meals he persisted in gravely mentioning unspeakable articles upon which he had lived -- joints and toes of creatures that surely no human being had ever tasted.
阅读：吃饭时，他坚持严肃地提到他赖以生存的难以形容的物品——肯定没有人尝过的生物的关节和脚趾。
Narration: One evening, the warrior from Kansas finally met the pacifist editor, William Lloyd Garrison.
旁白：一天晚上，来自堪萨斯州的战士终于见到了和平主义编辑威廉·劳埃德·加里森。
The two were perfect opposites.
两人是截然相反的人。
To Garrison, God was gentle and forgiving.
对于加里森来说，上帝是温柔而宽容的。
To John Brown, God met sin with the sword.
对于约翰·布朗来说，上帝用剑对付罪。
For Garrison, nonviolence was the single moral path.
对于加里森来说，非暴力是唯一的道德道路。
For Brown, milquetoast abolitionism had failed; the way to destroy slavery was with principled violence -- holy war.
对于布朗来说，胆怯的废奴主义已经失败了。摧毁奴隶制的方法是有原则的暴力——圣战。
Garrison left that night believing Brown was a detriment to the cause; but it was Garrison who was now out of step.
加里森当天晚上离开时认为布朗对这项事业有害。但现在却是加里森跟不上节奏了。
Narration: In March 1858, Brown met secretly in Boston with a group of supporters.
旁白：1858年3月，布朗在波士顿与一群支持者秘密会面。
Gerrit Smith, Rev.
格里特·史密斯，牧师
Thomas Wentowrth Higginson and four other pillars of Eastern society would risk imprisonment by funding John Brown's campaign to overthrow slavery.
托马斯·温托斯·希金森和东方社会的其他四位支柱将冒着入狱的风险，资助约翰·布朗推翻奴隶制的运动。
They called themselves the Secret Six.
他们称自己为秘密六人组。
Margaret Washington: "How was it that learned men, novelists, clergymen could support John Brown's ideas, could finance it, could provide the guns?" But the individuals who were supporting Brown were radical abolitionists, and they wanted something to happen, just like John Brown did.
玛格丽特·华盛顿：“有学问的人、小说家、牧师如何支持约翰·布朗的想法、为其提供资金、提供枪支？”但支持布朗的人都是激进的废奴主义者，他们希望发生一些事情，就像约翰·布朗所做的那样。
Edward Renehan: They viewed such actions as part of a great tradition, a tradition that had spawned, among other things, the United States of America.
爱德华·雷内汉：他们将此类行动视为伟大传统的一部分，这一传统催生了美利坚合众国等。
And they were ready for what many were already calling the second American revolution.
他们已经为许多人所说的第二次美国革命做好了准备。
Narration: Before he left Boston, Brown paid one last visit to the Russells.
旁白：在离开波士顿之前，布朗最后一次拜访了拉塞尔队。
Reading: He brought a present to our little daughter Minnie, and held her in his outstretched arms.
阅读：他给我们的小女儿米妮带来了一份礼物，并伸出双臂将她抱在怀里。
"Now," said he, "when you are a young lady and I am hanged, you can say that you stood on the hand of Old Brown." --Mrs. Thomas Russell Narration: By the summer of 1859, Brown had made his plan.
“现在，”他说，“当你是一位年轻女士而我被绞死时，你可以说你站在老布朗的手上。” - 太太。托马斯·拉塞尔旁白： 1859 年夏天，布朗制定了他的计划。
His target was the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia -- a town surrounded by mountains, tucked at the bottom of a ravine created by a pair of rivers.
他的目标是位于弗吉尼亚州哈珀斯费里的联邦军火库——这座小镇四面环山，隐藏在两条河流形成的峡谷底部。
The arsenal was a huge complex of buildings that contained 100,000 muskets and rifles.
兵工厂是一个巨大的建筑群，里面有十万支步枪和步枪。
Narration: That July, Brown rented a farm just outside Harpers Ferry.
旁白：那年七月，布朗在哈珀斯费里郊外租了一个农场。
For three months, this would be the headquarters of his revolution.
三个月来，这里将成为他革命的总部。
Narration: Brown had managed to recruit twenty-one men.
旁白：布朗设法招募了二十一名男子。
The group was an assortment: fugitive slaves, college students, free blacks.
这个群体由各种各样的人组成：逃亡的奴隶、大学生、自由黑人。
Three were Brown's sons -- Oliver, Watson, Owen, and a neighbor from North Elba, William Thompson.
布朗的三个儿子是奥利弗、沃森、欧文和来自北厄尔巴岛的邻居威廉·汤普森。
A free black man, named Dangerfield Newby, had a personal reason to join.
一位名叫丹格菲尔德·纽比（Dangerfield Newby）的自由黑人有个人原因加入。
James Horton: His wife was being held in that area -- his wife and his children -- and his wife had written him a letter saying that she was about to be sold South of that area.
詹姆斯·霍顿：他的妻子——他的妻子和孩子——被关押在那个地区，他的妻子给他写了一封信，说她即将被卖到那个地区的南部。
She was afraid that, if she had been sold South, that she and the children would never see Dangerfield again.
她担心，如果她被卖到南方，她和孩子们就再也见不到丹泽菲尔德了。
When you think about why people go to war, ultimately, they go to war to protect the people they love.
当你思考人们为什么要发动战争时，最终，他们发动战争是为了保护他们所爱的人。
Narration: One day in August, Brown traveled to a remote stone quarry to meet Frederick Douglass.
旁白：八月的一天，布朗前往一个偏远的采石场会见弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
He hoped to convince Douglass to join his mission.
他希望说服道格拉斯加入他的使命。
They sat among the rocks and John Brown revealed his plan.
他们坐在岩石中间，约翰·布朗透露了他的计划。
He would raid Harpers Ferry; he would capture the guns at the arsenal.
他会袭击哈珀斯费里；他会在军械库缴获枪支。
Emboldened by the news, a spontaneous army of slaves would rush to join him.
受到这个消息的鼓舞，一支自发的奴隶大军会蜂拥而至加入他的行列。
Brown would then drive south, and the revolution would snowball.
然后布朗将向南行驶，革命就会滚雪球般地滚雪球。
Reading: I at once opposed the measure.
阅读：我立即反对这项措施。
It would be an attack upon the federal government, and would array the whole country against us.
这将是对联邦政府的攻击，并将使整个国家与我们作对。
All his descriptions of the place convinced me that he was going into a perfect steel trap, and that once in he would never get out alive.
他对这个地方的所有描述都让我相信他正在进入一个完美的钢铁陷阱，一旦进去他就永远不会活着出来。
-- Frederick Douglass.
——弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
Margaret Washington: Douglass had a profound respect for John Brown.
玛格丽特·华盛顿：道格拉斯对约翰·布朗怀有深深的敬意。
Brown's influence certainly encouraged Douglass to want to go.
布朗的影响无疑鼓励了道格拉斯去。
But his own practical sense made him know that he couldn't do this, that this was going to fail.
但他自己的现实意识让他知道他不能这么做，这会失败。
Narration: For months, Brown's men waited at the farm, hoping for more recruits.
旁白：布朗的手下在农场等待了几个月，希望能有更多新兵。
Watson Brown wrote his wife, back home in North Elba: Reading: I think of you all day, and dream of you at night.
沃森·布朗 (Watson Brown) 在北厄尔巴岛的家中写信给他的妻子： 阅读：我整天想着你，晚上梦见你。
I would gladly stay with you always but for the cause which brought me here, -- a desire to do something for others, and not live wholly for my own happiness.
我很乐意永远和你在一起，但我来到这里的原因是——渴望为他人做点什么，而不是完全为自己的幸福而活。
Narration: No more recruits would be coming.
旁白：不会再有新兵来了。
On the evening of October 16th, 1859, John Brown gathered his 21 raiders together.
1859 年 10 月 16 日晚上，约翰·布朗召集了他的 21 名袭击者。
"Men," he said, "get on your arms." At first, the raid went like clockwork.
“伙计们，”他说，“抱起来。”起初，突袭行动进展顺利。
The arsenal, with its huge stockpile of guns, was protected by just one guard.
军械库拥有大量枪支，只有一名警卫看守。
He quickly surrendered.
他很快就投降了。
Brown's difficulties now began.
布朗的困难现在开始了。
A train approached Harpers Ferry.
一列火车驶近哈珀斯费里。
A baggage master ran to warn the passengers.
一名行李管理员跑去警告乘客。
Brown's men shouted at him to halt.
布朗的手下大声叫他停下来。
The first victim of John Brown's war against slavery was a free black man.
约翰·布朗反奴隶制战争的第一个受害者是一名自由黑人。
The news from Harpers Ferry raced out straight to Richmond and Washington.
来自哈珀斯费里的消息直接传到了里士满和华盛顿。
By midmorning, farmers, militiamen, and shopkeepers had climbed the heights behind town to take potshots down at Brown's men.
到了上午，农民、民兵和店主已经爬上城镇后面的高地，向布朗的手下开枪。
Scattered among the armory buildings, the small band of raiders milled about in confusion.
一小群掠夺者分散在军械库建筑中，混乱地走来走去。
No spontaneous army of slaves had come to join them; instead, the enemy was gathering.
没有自发的奴隶大军前来加入他们。相反，敌人正在聚集。
As shots rang off the walls, John Brown quietly ordered breakfast from a hotel for his hostages.
当枪声从墙上响起时，约翰·布朗悄悄地从一家酒店为人质订购了早餐。
Dennis Frye: Brown still controls his own destiny.
丹尼斯·弗莱：布朗仍然掌握着自己的命运。
He commands the approaches in and out of Harpers Ferry, the bridges belong to him.
他负责指挥进出哈珀斯费里的道路，桥梁属于他。
So the question is, why didn't John Brown attempt to leave?
那么问题是，约翰·布朗为什么不尝试离开呢？
Why did he stay in Harpers Ferry?
他为什么留在哈珀斯费里？
Russell Banks: He stayed and he stayed and it seems to me a deliberate, resigned act of martyrdom.
拉塞尔·班克斯：他留下来，他留下来，在我看来，这是一种故意的、听天由命的殉难行为。
Narration: At noon, a company of Virginia militiamen stormed into town.
旁白：中午，一队弗吉尼亚民兵冲进小镇。
They charged over the bridge, and the only true escape route was gone.
他们冲过桥，唯一真正的逃生路线已经消失了。
Then Dangerfield Newby was shot through the head.
然后丹格菲尔德·纽比头部中弹。
Newby had come for love.
纽比是为了爱情而来的。
He now became the first raider to die.
他现在成为第一个死去的袭击者。
In his pocket was a letter from the wife he'd hoped to set free.
他的口袋里有一封来自他希望释放的妻子的信。
The angry crowd dragged him into the gutter and sliced off his ears, for souvenirs.
愤怒的人群把他拖进阴沟里，并割下了他的耳朵作为纪念品。
Then they beat his dead body with sticks.
然后他们用棍棒殴打他的尸体。
Two of Brown's men were captured, and held under guard.
布朗的两名手下被抓获并受到看守。
The crowd chanted: "Kill them, kill them." Dennis Frye: The mob went wild.
人群高呼：“杀了他们，杀了他们。”丹尼斯·弗莱：暴徒们疯狂了。
A throng broke in through the door, into the room, grabbed William Thompson and dragged him out on the railroad bridge.
一群人破门闯入房间，抓住威廉·汤普森，把他拖到铁路桥上。
Shot him, and Thompson dropped down into the river itself, and to show their rage, they would continue to use his corpse for target practice.
向他开枪后，汤普森掉进河里，为了表达愤怒，他们会继续用他的尸体进行打靶练习。
Narration: John Brown's revolution was coming apart.
旁白：约翰·布朗的革命即将分崩离析。
Eight invaders were dead or dying.
八名入侵者已死亡或濒临死亡。
Five others were cut off, isolated.
另外五个人被切断了联系，孤立无援。
Two had escaped across the river.
其中两人已渡河逃走。
Brown gathered those who were left in a small brick building, the engine house.
布朗把剩下的人聚集到一座小砖房——发动机室里。
Russell Banks: It must've been unbelievable chaos, weapons firing and men screaming in pain and shouting orders at each other.
拉塞尔·班克斯：那一定是令人难以置信的混乱，武器开火，人们痛苦地尖叫，互相喊叫。
And yet he seemed to have a kind of clarity and focus that allowed him to totally control those last few hours before he was captured, and then to totally control how that event was perceived from there on out.
然而，他似乎有一种清晰度和专注力，使他能够完全控制被捕前的最后几个小时，然后完全控制从那以后人们如何看待该事件。
He's a man at that moment in utter control of his own destiny, for perhaps the first and only time in his life.
在那一刻，他是一个完全掌控自己命运的人，这也许是他一生中第一次也是唯一一次。
Narration: It was a long, cold night.
简介： 那是一个漫长而寒冷的夜晚。
Watson and Oliver Brown lay on the floor, mortally wounded; Oliver curled up in agony, begged his father to kill him.
沃森和奥利弗·布朗躺在地板上，受了致命伤。奥利弗痛苦地蜷缩起来，恳求父亲杀了他。
Dennis Frye: Oliver wanted to be put out of his pain and Brown would say to him, "You must be a man, you must die like a man." But he was focused, on something much bigger than himself, and something much bigger than his own family.
丹尼斯·弗莱：奥利弗想要摆脱痛苦，布朗会对他说：“你必须成为一个男人，你必须像一个男人一样死去。”但他专注于比他自己、比他自己的家庭更重要的事情。
Narration: Before sunrise, Oliver died.
旁白：日出之前，奥利弗去世了。
On the morning of October 18, five raiders gazed out on a chilling sight: the armory yard was lined with a company of U.S. Marines, under the command of Lt.
10 月 18 日早上，五名袭击者看到了令人毛骨悚然的一幕：军械库的院子里排列着一连的美国海军陆战队士兵，由陆军中尉指挥。
Col.
上校
Robert E.
罗伯特·E。
Lee.
李.
Brown was completely surrounded.
布朗完全被包围了。
A young lieutenant, J.E.B.
一位年轻的中尉，J.E.B.
Stuart, approached under a white flag.
斯图尔特，在白旗下走近。
Stuart handed over a note: if the raiders surrendered, their lives would be spared.
斯图亚特递出一张纸条：如果袭击者投降，他们的生命就可以保全。
Brown refused.
布朗拒绝了。
Marines stormed the building.
海军陆战队冲进了大楼。
The door was breeched.
门是闩着的。
One Marine tried to run Brown through.
一名海军陆战队员试图冲过布朗。
But the blade struck the old man's belt buckle.
但刀刃却击中了老人的皮带扣。
Brown was then beaten unconscious.
布朗随后被打昏。
Dennis Frye: If Brown had died on that brick floor in that engine house, I believe he would've been noted in history, but only with a few sentences.
丹尼斯·弗莱：如果布朗死在发动机室的砖地上，我相信他会被载入史册，但只是寥寥几句话。
Maybe even only a footnote.
甚至可能只是一个脚注。
Brown's real effect came in his failure at Harpers Ferry.
布朗的真正影响来自于他在哈珀斯费里的失败。
His real meaning is in what happens after his capture.
他真正的意义在于他被捕后发生的事情。
Narration: For most of the day, Brown lay bound and bleeding, listening to a lynch mob howl outside.
旁白：这一天的大部分时间里，布朗都被绑着，流着血，听着外面私刑暴民的嚎叫。
In the afternoon, Governor Henry Wise of Virginia arrived to interrogate the prize prisoner.
下午，弗吉尼亚州州长亨利·怀斯抵达审问这名战俘。
With him came a group of men who would soon play a critical role in John Brown's story: reporters.
和他一起来的还有一群很快就会在约翰·布朗的故事中扮演关键角色的人：记者。
The old man answered their questions for hours, lying on the cold floor.
老人躺在冰冷的地板上，回答了他们的问题几个小时。
Bruce Olds: Finally, at that moment, he has achieved what he's wanted his whole life, the whole world is watching.
布鲁斯·奥兹：终于，在那一刻，他实现了一生的愿望，全世界都在关注。
The media has descended.
媒体已经下降了。
And he has the ear of the nation.
他的声音得到了全国人民的关注。
Paul Finkelman: Brown transforms himself into a kind of instant celebrity.
保罗·芬克尔曼：布朗将自己变成了一种瞬间的名人。
He understands, as almost no American does at the time, the value of the newspapers, the value of propaganda, the value of getting his ideas across through the reporters.
他了解报纸的价值、宣传的价值以及通过记者传达他的想法的价值，当时几乎没有一个美国人知道这一点。
Russell Banks: It's an extraordinary transformation, this man -- who, up to this point, was not particularly known for his gift of speech, and his clarity of thought in public -- suddenly becomes absolutely memorably brilliant.
拉塞尔·班克斯：这是一个非凡的转变，这个人——到目前为止，他还不是特别以演讲天赋和在公共场合清晰的思路而闻名——突然变得绝对令人难忘的才华横溢。
John Brown Reading: I wish to say that you had better -- all you people of the South -- prepare yourselves for a settlement of this question.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我想说的是，你们——所有南方人民——最好为解决这个问题做好准备。
You may dispose of me very easily -- I am nearly disposed of now; but this question is still to be settled -- this negro question I mean; the end of that is not yet.
你可以很容易地处理掉我——我现在几乎已经处理掉了；但这个问题仍然有待解决——我指的是这个黑人问题；事情还没有结束。
Narration: Even as Brown spoke to reporters, troops were searching the farm where the raiders had lived.
旁白：就在布朗接受记者采访时，部队正在搜查袭击者居住的农场。
They found a large carpetbag crammed with letters from John Brown's prominent supporters.
他们发现了一个大地毯袋，里面装满了约翰·布朗著名支持者的信件。
Clearly, important people had financed his raid.
显然，重要人物资助了他的袭击。
To the South, it seemed that the entire North had sanctioned the murderous attack.
对南方来说，似乎整个北方都认可了这场凶残的袭击。
Dennis Frye: The South was terrorized.
丹尼斯·弗莱：南方受到了恐吓。
Vigilante groups organized to patrol areas throughout the South.
民团组织起来在整个南方地区巡逻。
New militia companies were organized in county after county, and city after city.
新的民兵连在一个又一个县、一个又一个城市组建起来。
Narration: A Richmond newspaper wrote: Reading: "The Northern people must set their seal of eternal condemnation upon these bold, bad men.
旁白：里士满的一份报纸写道：读到：“北方人民必须对这些大胆的坏人施加永远的谴责。
If they do not, -- the Harpers Ferry conspiracy will be the beginning of an 'irrepressible conflict,' between the North and South which can only end in oceans of fraternal blood." Narration: In the North, Brown's supporters were terrified.
如果他们不这样做，哈珀斯费里阴谋将成为南北之间‘不可抑制的冲突’的开始，而这场冲突只能以兄弟般的血海为结局。”旁白：在北方，布朗的支持者感到害怕。
Three of the Secret Six fled the country; Gerrit Smith placed himself in an insane asylum.
秘密六人组中的三人逃离了该国；格里特·史密斯将自己送进了疯人院。
Only Thomas Wentworth Higginson refused to panic.
只有托马斯·温特沃斯·希金森拒绝惊慌。
He hatched a plan to free the prisoner.
他制定了一个释放囚犯的计划。
But John Brown did not want to be rescued.
但约翰·布朗并不想被救。
John Brown Reading: I doubt I ought to encourage any attempt to save my life.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我怀疑我是否应该鼓励任何拯救我生命的尝试。
My great object will be nearer its accomplishment by my death than by my life.
我的伟大目标通过我的死比通过我的生更接近实现。
Narration: Just seven days after the raid, the wounded John Brown had to be helped into the courthouse in nearby Charlestown.
旁白：袭击发生后仅 7 天，受伤的约翰·布朗就被人搀扶着送进查尔斯顿附近的法院。
Though Brown had attacked a federal arsenal,Virginia would do the honors.
尽管布朗袭击了联邦军火库，但弗吉尼亚将承担荣誉。
The trial would take less than a week.
审判将持续不到一周的时间。
Brown's lawyer tried to have him declared insane.
布朗的律师试图宣布他精神失常。
Brown rose up on his cot to denounce the idea that he was mad.
布朗在他的小床上站起来，谴责他疯了的想法。
Charles Joyner: Brown was terribly angry at this, partly because he considered himself sane, and partly because he knew that he could accomplish what he wanted to accomplish by being convicted, by being a martyr.
查尔斯·乔伊纳：布朗对此非常愤怒，部分是因为他认为自己神智正常，部分是因为他知道他可以通过被定罪、成为烈士来实现他想要实现的目标。
Bruce Olds: Was he mad?
布鲁斯·奥兹：他疯了吗？
It's an idea that seems to cling to him,like a barnacle to the hull of a ship.
这个想法似乎紧紧抓住了他，就像藤壶附着在船体上一样。
He was obsessed, he was fanatical, he was monomaniacal, he was a zealot, and psychologically unbalanced.
他痴迷，他狂热，他偏执，他狂热，心理不平衡。
Does all of that add up to madness?
所有这些加起来就等于疯狂吗？
James Horton: We should be very careful about assuming that a white man who is willing to put his life on the line for Black people is, of necessity, crazy.
詹姆斯·霍顿：我们应该非常小心地假设一个愿意为黑人冒生命危险的白人必然是疯子。
Paul Finkelman: He's a bad tactician, he's a bad strategist, he's a bad planner, he's not a very good general, but he's not crazy.
保罗·芬克尔曼：他是一个糟糕的战术家，他是一个糟糕的战略家，他是一个糟糕的计划者，他不是一个很好的将军，但他并不疯狂。
Narration: The judge rejected the plea of insanity, and Virginia rushed toward judgment.
旁白：法官驳回了精神错乱的抗辩，弗吉尼亚急忙走向判决。
On November 2nd, the jury, after deliberating for just 45 minutes, reached its verdict.
11月2日，陪审团经过短短45分钟的审议，就做出了裁决。
Guilty of murder.
犯有谋杀罪。
Guilty of treason.
犯有叛国罪。
Guilty of inciting slave insurrection.
犯有煽动奴隶起义罪。
Slowly, John Brown rose to address the court.
约翰·布朗慢慢地站起来在法庭上发表讲话。
John Brown Reading: Had I interfered in behalf of the rich every man in this court would have deemed it an act worthy of reward.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：如果我代表富人进行干预，法庭上的每个人都会认为这是值得奖励的行为。
I see a book kissed here, the Bible, that teaches me to "remember them that are in bonds." I endeavored to act up to that instruction.
我在这里看到一本被亲吻的书，《圣经》，它教我“记住那些被束缚的人”。我尽力按照该指示行事。
I believe that to have interfered in behalf of His despised poor was not wrong, but right.
我相信，为他所鄙视的穷人进行干预并没有错，而是正确的。
Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country -- I say let it be done!
现在，如果我认为有必要放弃自己的生命，让我的鲜血与我孩子们的鲜血以及这个奴隶国家数百万人的鲜血进一步混合——我说就这样吧！
Narration: The judge calmly sentenced Brown to execution, by hanging.
旁白：法官平静地判处布朗绞刑。
From prison he wrote hundreds of letters.
他在狱中写了数百封信。
The Charlestown jail cell became his pulpit; his words reprinted in scores of newspapers.
查尔斯敦监狱成了他的讲坛。他的话在数十家报纸上转载。
John Brown Reading: You know that Christ once armed Peter.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：你知道基督曾经武装过彼得。
So also in my case I think he put a sword into my hand, and there continued it so long as he saw best, and then kindly took it from me.
因此，就我而言，我认为他把一把剑放在我手里，只要他看得最清楚，就继续剑，然后好心地从我手中接过剑。
Narration: In Massachusetts, Henry David Thoreau could not sleep, as he wrestled with the question of violence.
旁白：在马萨诸塞州，亨利·大卫·梭罗无法入睡，因为他正在与暴力问题作斗争。
Reading: I do not wish to kill or be killed but I can foresee circumstances in which both of these things would be unavoidable.
阅读：我不想杀人或被杀，但我可以预见到，在这种情况下，这两件事都是不可避免的。
Narration: The revolutionary had changed the philosopher's mind.
旁白：革命者改变了哲学家的想法。
Narration: The execution was set for December 2nd, 1859.
旁白：行刑定于 1859 年 12 月 2 日。
John Brown Reading: I have no doubt that our seeming disaster: will ultimately result in the most glorious success.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我毫不怀疑我们看似的灾难最终将带来最辉煌的成功。
I have been whipped; but I am sure I can recover all the lost capital by only hanging a few moments by the neck...
我被鞭打了；但我相信我只要被掐住脖子几分钟就可以收回所有损失的资本......
Narration: The day before the hanging, Mary Brown came to see her husband.
旁白：绞刑前一天，玛丽·布朗来看望她的丈夫。
They talked, had supper together.
他们聊天，一起吃晚饭。
When it was time for her to go, John Brown lost control of himself; he sobbed.
当她要离开的时候，约翰·布朗失去了控制。他抽泣着。
Narration: The next morning, rumors of a desperate rescue attempt swirled around Charlestown.
旁白：第二天早上，查尔斯敦周围流传着一场绝望的营救尝试的谣言。
Some 1500 soldiers massed in the open field, guns at the ready.
大约 1500 名士兵聚集在空地上，枪支已准备就绪。
No civilians were allowed, but an actor from Virginia borrowed a uniform so he could watch John Brown die.
平民不允许入内，但一名来自弗吉尼亚州的演员借了一套制服，这样他就可以看着约翰·布朗死去。
"I looked at the traitor," said John Wilkes Booth, "with unlimited, undeniable contempt." Narration: But John Brown had reached the place where he wanted to go.
“我看着这个叛徒，”约翰·威尔克斯·布斯说，“带着无限的、不可否认的蔑视。”旁白：但是约翰·布朗已经到达了他想去的地方。
Charles Joyner: He believed that God had led him to this moment, and that this was, his death and his resurrection and the fulfillment of God's purpose for him on this earth.
查尔斯·乔伊纳：他相信上帝带领他走到了这一刻，这就是他的死亡和复活，以及上帝在这个地球上对他的旨意的实现。
Narration: "Old Brown has just been executed," said Abraham Lincoln.
旁白：“老布朗刚刚被处决，”亚伯拉罕·林肯说道。
"We cannot object even though he agreed with us in thinking slavery wrong.
“我们不能反对，尽管他同意我们认为奴隶制是错误的。
That cannot excuse violence, bloodshed, and treason." Narration: On December 9th, John Brown was buried in North Elba.
这不能成为暴力、流血和叛国罪的借口。”旁白：12月9日，约翰·布朗被埋葬在北厄尔巴岛。
But his words would not be forgotten.
但他的话不会被忘记。
John Brown Reading: I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away, but with Blood.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：我约翰·布朗现在非常确定，这片有罪的土地上的罪行永远不会被清除，除非用鲜血。
I had vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done.
我徒劳地自以为不用太多流血就可以做到这一点。
Narration: Less than a year and a half later, the Civil War broke out.
旁白：不到一年半之后，内战爆发了。
Narration: By the summer of 1861, as Northern troops marched into Harpers Ferry, John Brown had already been immortalized in song: his soul was marching on.
旁白：1861 年夏天，当北方军队进军哈珀斯费里时，约翰·布朗已经在歌曲中永垂不朽：他的灵魂在前进。
Reading: Did John Brown fail?
阅读：约翰·布朗失败了吗？
John Brown began the war that ended American slavery and made this a free Republic.
约翰·布朗发动了结束美国奴隶制并使美国成为自由共和国的战争。
His zeal in the cause of my race was far greater than mine.
他对我的种族事业的热情远远超过我的。
I could live for the slave, but he could die for him...
我可以为奴隶而活，但他可以为他而死……
-- Frederick Douglass.
——弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
Narration: The legend of John Brown soon took on different meanings.
旁白：约翰·布朗的传奇很快就具有了不同的含义。
To some, he was a bloodthirsty madman; to others, a hero who had killed for a just cause.
对一些人来说，他是一个嗜血的疯子；对一些人来说，他是一个嗜血的疯子。对于其他人来说，他是一位为正义事业而杀戮的英雄。
Russell Banks: His life raises very basic and ongoing questions about political violence, violence in the service of an ideal, of a principled cause...
拉塞尔·班克斯：他的生活提出了关于政治暴力、为理想、原则事业服务的暴力的非常基本和持续的问题......
And that, to me, makes him so tragically revealing and emblematic of our history and of our culture and our nature today.
对我来说，这使他如此悲惨地揭示和象征着我们今天的历史、我们的文化和我们的本质。
Narration: John Brown had waged holy war.
旁白：约翰·布朗发动了圣战。
But he had always found comfort in the peacefulness of God's universe.
但他总是在上帝宇宙的平静中找到安慰。
John Brown Reading: Everything moves in sublime harmony in the government of God.
约翰·布朗·雷丁：在上帝的统治下，一切都在极其和谐地运转。
Not so with us poor creatures.
对于我们这些可怜的生物来说却并非如此。
If one star is more brilliant than the others, it is continually shooting in some erratic way into space.
如果一颗恒星比其他恒星更明亮，那么它就会不断地以某种不稳定的方式射入太空。
A few miles outside Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), Brown and his men rented a farm as they prepared to launch their raid.
在弗吉尼亚州哈珀斯费里（现为西弗吉尼亚州）郊外几英里处，布朗和他的手下租了一个农场，准备发动突袭。
The song, "John Brown's Body," actually belonged to a young Scotsman in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia who shared the famous abolitionist's name.
这首歌《约翰·布朗的身体》实际上属于马萨诸塞州志愿民兵组织中一位年轻的苏格兰人，他与这位著名的废奴主义者同名。
John Brown’s inflexibility — exacerbated by poor judgment and bad luck — would lead to a lifetime of business failures and broken dreams.
约翰·布朗的顽固不化——加上糟糕的判断力和坏运气，导致了他一生的商业失败和梦想的破灭。
Elijah Lovejoy, publisher of an antislavery newspaper, is shot to death by a proslavery mob.
伊利亚·洛夫乔伊是一家反奴隶制报纸的出版商，被支持奴隶制的暴徒枪杀。
During his memorial service, John Brown stood and made a vow to end slavery
在他的追悼会上，约翰·布朗起立并发誓结束奴隶制
This map lets you follow the abolitionist as he criss-crosses the country.
这张地图让您可以跟随这位废奴主义者走遍全国。
You can access information chronologically.
您可以按时间顺序访问信息。
One of the most controversial figures in American history.
美国历史上最具争议的人物之一。
John brown dedicated his life to the abolition of slavery; for him, any means used to achieve this goal were justified.
约翰·布朗一生致力于废除奴隶制。对他来说，为了达到这个目的而采取的任何手段都是合理的。
In 1847 Douglass met the radical abolitionist John Brown.
1847 年，道格拉斯遇到了激进废奴主义者约翰·布朗。
He was impressed by Brownís more militant stance against slavery and his willingness to take action.
布朗反对奴隶制的激进立场和采取行动的意愿给他留下了深刻的印象。
James Redpath's interview with John Brown debut in the press.
詹姆斯·雷德帕斯 (James Redpath) 对约翰·布朗 (John Brown) 的采访首次在媒体上亮相。
But it wasn’t until the battle of Osawatomie that John Brown, the abolitionist hero, fully emerged.
但直到奥萨瓦托米战役，废奴主义英雄约翰·布朗才彻底崭露头角。
Through Emerson, Thoreau became involved in the transcendentalist movement, a discipline promoting self-education and the development of the individual.
通过爱默生，梭罗参与了超验主义运动，这是一门促进自我教育和个人发展的学科。
Governor Wise faced the difficult decision of what to do with John Brown; each option carried with it great political risk.
怀斯州长面临着如何处理约翰·布朗的艰难决定。每一种选择都伴随着巨大的政治风险。
One by one, John Brown drew a small, select group of radical abolitionists, six men in all, who agreed to fund his ongoing fight against slavery
约翰·布朗一一挑选了一小群激进废奴主义者，总共六人，他们同意资助他正在进行的反对奴隶制的斗争
John Brown took a small group of men under his command and told them to prepare for a "secret mission."
约翰·布朗指挥了一小群人，并告诉他们准备执行“秘密任务”。