The Boy in the Bubble
From "Seinfeld" : A bubble boy?
来自《宋飞正传》：泡泡男孩？
| Yes, a bubble boy!
|是的，泡泡男孩！
| What's a bubble boy?
|什么是泡泡男孩？
| He lives in a bubble!
|他生活在泡沫之中！
Narrator : For decades, his story has echoed through the popular culture.
旁白：几十年来，他的故事一直在流行文化中回响。
From "Bubble Boy" : Why are you in that bubble, boy?
来自“泡泡男孩”：孩子，你为什么在那个泡泡里？
| I was born without any immunities.
|我生来就没有任何免疫力。
Narrator : His real name was David Phillip Vetter, but the public knew him only as "David, the boy in the bubble."
旁白：他的真名是大卫·菲利普·维特，但公众只知道他是“泡沫中的男孩大卫”。
David and mother, archival : Would you clean your ears?
大卫和母亲，档案：你会清理耳朵吗？
Narrator : Born without a working immune system, he lived his entire life isolated in a sterile plastic chamber.
旁白：他出生时就没有有效的免疫系统，他一生都在无菌塑料室中与世隔绝。
News report, archival : There's a very special little boy in there -- one who's waiting to leave the hospital for good and go outside.
新闻报道、档案：里面有一个非常特别的小男孩——他正在等待永远离开医院并出去。
Narrator : To many, David's case seemed a triumph of technology over an incurable disease.
旁白：对许多人来说，大卫的病例似乎是技术战胜了不治之症的胜利。
To others, it was a bizarre experiment -- a symbol of medical hubris.
对于其他人来说，这是一个奇怪的实验——这是医学狂妄自大的象征。
Bruce Jennings, Medical Ethicist : It is amazing that we can do this.
Bruce Jennings，医学伦理学家：我们能做到这一点真是太神奇了。
But perhaps we are overstepping the bounds of our knowledge when we try to conduct experiments that are so risky, so perilous.
但当我们试图进行如此危险的实验时，也许我们已经超越了我们的知识界限。
Is it really the desire to cure and to help and to save a child?
这真的是治愈、帮助和拯救孩子的愿望吗？
Or is it pride and egotism?
还是骄傲和自私？
Jacqueline B.
杰奎琳·B.
Vogel, Child Play Therapist : Incredible advances in medical technology are based on optimism.
沃格尔，儿童游戏治疗师：医疗技术的令人难以置信的进步是建立在乐观的基础上的。
Sometimes it's warranted and sometimes it's not.
有时这是有道理的，有时则不然。
But you don't always know the answer to that until way down the road.
但直到真正走下去之前，你并不总是知道答案。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D., Pediatric Immunologist : If you take care of the patient better by doing nothing, you should do nothing.
蒙哥马利医学博士、儿科免疫学家：如果你什么都不做就能更好地照顾病人，那么你就不应该做任何事。
But if there is even a remote chance of success, for goodness sake, take it.
但如果成功的机会微乎其微，看在上帝的份上，就抓住它吧。
Narrator : On September 21, 1971, a suite of operating rooms in Houston's St. Luke's hospital was prepped for a delivery by caesarian section.
旁白：1971年9月21日，休斯敦圣卢克医院的一套手术室正在为剖腹产做准备。
The procedure was to take place under totally germ free conditions -- one of the first such operations ever attempted in the United States.
该手术将在完全无菌的条件下进行——这是美国首次尝试的此类手术之一。
Walls were triple scrubbed, windows sealed, and all non-essential equipment removed from the room.
墙壁经过三次擦洗，窗户被密封，所有非必要的设备都被移出了房间。
The patient was Carol Ann Vetter, a 28-year-old housewife from Houston, and a carrier of a rare genetic disease that could leave her new baby without a functioning immune system.
患者名叫卡罗尔·安·维特 (Carol Ann Vetter)，是一位来自休斯敦的 28 岁家庭主妇，她是一种罕见遗传病的携带者，这种疾病可能导致她刚出生的婴儿失去正常的免疫系统。
Doctors knew that they would have to deliver the child without exposing him to a single germ.
医生知道他们必须在不让孩子接触任何细菌的情况下接生孩子。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret, David's mother : I was wheeled into the delivery room.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特，大卫的母亲：我被推进产房。
Everyone was standing at attention.
每个人都立正。
Everything was quiet.
一切都很安静。
There was no conversation; all I could see were eyes, you know, just eyes peering at me.
没有任何谈话；我所能看到的只是眼睛，你知道，只是眼睛在凝视着我。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D., Writer : Words won't be spoken.
琼斯博士、作家：言语不会被说出。
Instead a series of eye signals will trigger this well-prepared team to make the delivery.
相反，一系列的眼神信号将触发这个准备充分的团队进行交付。
The movements, okay, will be kept to an absolute minimum to let every particle of dust settle.
好吧，这些动作将保持在绝对最低限度，以便让每一粒尘埃落定。
Narrator : The delivering team planned to place the newborn immediately into a sterile plastic enclosure, called an "isolator."
旁白：接生团队计划立即将新生儿放入一个无菌塑料外壳中，称为“隔离器”。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : The isolator was placed to my left, right within a few inches of where I was laying.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：隔离器放置在我的左边，距离我躺的地方只有几英寸。
I knew it was time.
我知道是时候了。
Mary Ann South, M.D., Pediatric Immunologist : Sure enough, he came out screaming.
玛丽·安·南 (Mary Ann South)，医学博士，儿科免疫学家：果然，他尖叫着出来。
He was the healthiest kid I've ever seen born.
他是我见过的最健康的孩子。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D., Biological Research Scientist : He was exposed to the air in the operating room for probably no more than 20 or 30 seconds at the very most.
Raphael Wilson 博士，生物研究科学家：他在手术室里暴露在空气中的时间最多可能不超过 20 或 30 秒。
Narrator : Carol Ann requested that her newborn be baptized.
旁白：卡罗尔·安要求为她的新生儿接受洗礼。
Lead doctor Raphael Wilson, also a Catholic monk, performed the ceremony with sterile holy water.
首席医生拉斐尔·威尔逊（Raphael Wilson）也是一名天主教修道士，他用无菌圣水主持了仪式。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : I said, "Well, what name do you want me to give this child?
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：我说：“好吧，你想让我给这个孩子起什么名字？
And she said, "David Philip." I said, "I baptize you David Phillip in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit."
她说：“大卫·菲利普。”我说：“我奉父、子、圣灵的名给大卫·菲利普施洗。”
Narrator : In the autumn of 1970, immunologist Raphael Wilson arrived at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston.
旁白：1970年秋天，免疫学家拉斐尔·威尔逊抵达休斯敦的德克萨斯儿童医院。
Dr. Wilson had a bold new idea for how to treat one of the most baffling diseases facing pediatric immunology.
对于如何治疗儿科免疫学面临的最令人困惑的疾病之一，威尔逊博士提出了一个大胆的新想法。
The disease -- Severe Combined Immune Deficiency, or SCID -- is a rare genetic ailment that leaves newborns defenseless against even the most common germs.
这种疾病——严重联合免疫缺陷症（SCID）——是一种罕见的遗传疾病，使新生儿即使对最常见的细菌也毫无防御能力。
In 1970, most SCID infants did not live past their first year.
1970 年，大多数 SCID 婴儿都活不过一岁。
By the time they were diagnosed, their bodies were so riddled with infection that nothing could be done to save them.
当他们被诊断出来时，他们的身体已被感染，无法挽救他们的生命。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: There was just nothing that worked.
: 没有任何效果。
And it was just so disheartening, one after another after another.
而且这一幕接一幕，真是令人沮丧。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: I'm an old athlete and that was an opponent who had defeated me without giving me much of a chance to fight back.
：我是一名老运动员了，那个对手在没有给我太多反击机会的情况下就击败了我。
Narrator : Dr. Wilson however, believed he had discovered a way to buy time against the onset of infection in SCID infants.
旁白：然而，威尔逊博士相信他已经找到了一种方法，可以为 SCID 婴儿的感染争取时间。
His idea was to create a sterile plastic bubble, like a second womb, into which SCID babies could be placed at birth and kept germ free.
他的想法是创造一个无菌塑料泡，就像第二个子宫一样，SCID 婴儿出生时可以放入其中并保持无菌状态。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : He was certain that if SCID children could be isolated, keeping the child physically free of germs, given time there would be a way to jumpstart their immune systems before they became damaged by infections.
琼斯博士：他确信，如果 SCID 儿童能够被隔离，让他们的身体免受细菌侵害，那么只要有时间，就有办法在他们因感染而受损之前启动他们的免疫系统。
Narrator : Once he had a SCID baby safely isolated, Wilson planned to repair the infant's immune system with a bone-marrow transplant, as he had already done with immune deficient mice.
旁白：一旦安全隔离了 SCID 婴儿，威尔逊就计划通过骨髓移植来修复婴儿的免疫系统，就像他对免疫缺陷小鼠所做的那样。
A couple years before he arrived in Houston, Wilson had isolated his first human subjects -- two month-old German twins diagnosed with SCID.
在抵达休斯顿几年前，威尔逊隔离了他的第一批人类受试者——两个月大的德国双胞胎，被诊断患有 SCID。
But before he could perform a bone marrow transplant, the twins' immune systems suddenly began working and they were released from isolation...
但还没等他进行骨髓移植，双胞胎的免疫系统突然开始工作，他们就脱离了隔离……
The experience of the German twins had been encouraging but inconclusive.
这对德国双胞胎的经历令人鼓舞，但尚无定论。
What Wilson needed was a baby born into the bubble.
威尔逊需要的是一个出生在泡沫中的婴儿。
At the same time as Wilson arrived at Texas Children's, a young couple named Carol Ann and David Vetter were undergoing genetic counseling at the hospital.
当威尔逊到达德克萨斯儿童医院的同时，一对名叫卡罗尔·安和大卫·维特的年轻夫妇正在医院接受遗传咨询。
The Vetters had a daughter, but had lost their first son to SCID when he was just seven months old.
维特夫妇有一个女儿，但他们的第一个儿子在 SCID 七个月大时就去世了。
Now, they sought advice about whether to risk having another child.
现在，他们寻求有关是否冒险再生一个孩子的建议。
In the counseling sessions, Doctors Jack Montgomery and Mary Ann South laid out the odds facing the young couple.
在咨询过程中，杰克·蒙哥马利医生和玛丽·安·南斯医生列出了这对年轻夫妇面临的困难。
SCID only affects male children: if the Vetters had another girl, she would be fine, but if they had a boy he would have a 50-50 chance of developing the disease.
SCID 只影响男孩：如果维特夫妇再生一个女孩，她就没问题，但如果他们生一个男孩，他就有 50-50 的机会患上这种疾病。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : Children were very essential to our hope and to our dream of the future.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：孩子对于我们的希望和未来的梦想至关重要。
We wanted to have children right away; we wanted to have as many as God would send us.
我们想马上要孩子；我们希望拥有上帝派给我们的尽可能多的人。
Narrator : Eager to help the Vetters, Dr. Wilson joined the counseling sessions.
旁白：威尔逊博士渴望帮助退伍军人，因此参加了咨询课程。
Told of Wilson's research, the Vetters looked to him for reassurance.
得知威尔逊的研究后，维特夫妇向他寻求安慰。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : They asked, "Well if we have another child, could you deliver this child germ free?
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：他们问：“如果我们再要一个孩子，你能把这个孩子生下来是无菌的吗？
And if the child turns out to be immune deficient could you treat the child?" "Yes," we said, "yeah, we would."
如果孩子被证明患有免疫缺陷，你可以治疗孩子吗？”“是的，”我们说，“是的，我们会的。”
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: He just swept us along with his enthusiasm.
: 他用他的热情感染了我们。
He had the confidence to say, "We can do this.
他有信心说：“我们能做到。
We can do this."
我们可以做到这一点。”
Narrator : Wilson and his colleagues made a pledge: if the Vetters were to have a baby with SCID, the doctors would keep him free of infection long enough to perform a life-saving bone marrow transplant.
旁白：威尔逊和他的同事们许下承诺：如果维特一家生下患有 SCID 的婴儿，医生将让他保持足够长的时间免受感染，以便进行挽救生命的骨髓移植。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: We promised them that we would keep him "safe," in the mother's words: "Can you keep him safe?
：我们向他们保证，我们会保证他的“安全”，用母亲的话说：“你能保证他的安全吗？
And away from the germs?" And we said, "Yes we can," and we promised that we would do that.
远离细菌？”我们说：“是的，我们可以”，我们承诺我们会做到这一点。
Within eight weeks of losing her first son, Carol Ann was pregnant again.
在失去第一个儿子后八周内，卡罗尔·安再次怀孕。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D., Child Psychologist : It was just a couple of months and you don't get over grief of losing a child.
儿童心理学家玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：仅仅几个月的时间，你还没有摆脱失去孩子的悲痛。
And then somebody comes along and says you can have another boy and we can make it all right.
然后有人过来说你可以再生一个男孩，我们可以解决一切问题。
I think almost any woman in that emotional state would have probably made the same decision.
I think almost any woman in that emotional state would have probably made the same decision.
Narrator : But the doctors' confidence had obscured another set of odds stacked even higher against the Vetters: even if their baby could be kept germ free, the chances of performing a successful transplant were small.
旁白：但是医生的信心掩盖了另一组对退伍军人来说甚至更高的可能性：即使他们的孩子可以保持无菌，进行移植成功的机会也很小。
Bone marrow transplantation was in its infancy and required a near-perfect match between donor and recipient.
骨髓移植还处于起步阶段，需要供体和受体之间近乎完美的匹配。
Evelyn Nelson McMillan, Writer : The doctors knew that the odds of finding a perfect sibling match were one in four.
伊芙琳·纳尔逊·麦克米伦，作家：医生知道找到完美的兄弟姐妹匹配的几率是四分之一。
The odds of finding a match from an unrelated donor were one in hundreds of thousands.
从不相关的捐赠者那里找到匹配的几率是数十万分之一。
So this had always been a long shot, perhaps a longer shot than they had ever been willing to face up to.
所以这一直是一个渺茫的机会，也许比他们愿意面对的机会还要遥远。
Narrator : In the hours after his successful germ free birth, baby David was transported to the clinical research center where he was kept in protective isolation, while doctors tested him to see if he had SCID.
旁白：在成功无菌分娩后的几个小时内，婴儿大卫被送往临床研究中心，在那里进行保护性隔离，同时医生对他进行了测试，看看他是否患有 SCID。
Elaine Potts, Nutritionist : They brought him to the unit in the little bitty bubble so that they could hook him up to get the air and everything.
伊莱恩·波茨（Elaine Potts），营养师：他们把他带到了小泡泡里的单位，这样他们就可以把他挂起来，呼吸空气和一切。
And he was just adorable.
他很可爱。
He was a beautiful baby.
他是一个漂亮的婴儿。
He didn't really look like a newborn.
他看起来根本不像新生儿。
All of this black hair -- just precious.
所有这些黑头发都很珍贵。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : We got a call about a week after David was born and asked us to come in.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：大卫出生大约一周后，我们接到电话，要求我们过来。
We were driving in very optimistic, very hopeful.
我们开车时非常乐观，充满希望。
We sat down with Dr. Montgomery and Dr. South and they presented us with the news that David did, in fact, have SCID.
我们与蒙哥马利医生和索思医生坐下来，他们向我们介绍了大卫确实患有 SCID 的消息。
We were devastated.
我们很伤心。
We were so heartsick.
我们真是太心痛了。
Elaine Potts, Nutritionist : Before she left the hospital, Mrs. Vetter came to see him.
Elaine Potts, Nutritionist : Before she left the hospital, Mrs. Vetter came to see him.
And she had tears in her eyes.
她的眼里含着泪水。
She, of course, had just lost the other baby.
当然，她刚刚失去了另一个孩子。
And, um, she looked at me and she said, "I can't fall in love with this one and be hurt again."
然后，嗯，她看着我，说道：“我不能再爱上这个人，然后再受到伤害。”
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I felt, if I could stay distant from him, then if the worst happened I could handle it better.
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I felt, if I could stay distant from him, then if the worst happened I could handle it better.
So I was hesitant to reach into the glove and touch him.
So I was hesitant to reach into the glove and touch him.
But once I did, I was hooked for life.
但一旦我这样做了，我就终生着迷了。
Narrator : Despite his diagnosis, there was still hope for David.
Narrator : Despite his diagnosis, there was still hope for David.
Unlike other SCID babies, David had remained germ free inside his bubble.
Unlike other SCID babies, David had remained germ free inside his bubble.
The doctors now moved into the second phase of their plan: to transplant the bone marrow of David's older sister Katherine.
The doctors now moved into the second phase of their plan: to transplant the bone marrow of David's older sister Katherine.
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : The doctors were optimistic that they could move straight forward into a successful bone marrow transplant.
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : The doctors were optimistic that they could move straight forward into a successful bone marrow transplant.
They had expected Katherine to be a perfect match for David.
They had expected Katherine to be a perfect match for David.
And then came the devastating news that Katherine was not a match.
然后传来了一个毁灭性的消息：凯瑟琳不适合。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: We just, we just didn't even...
: 我们只是，我们只是没有...
we didn't make plans ahead of time.
我们没有提前制定计划。
If he's got this disease we'll look for a matching donor.
If he's got this disease we'll look for a matching donor.
And probably he'll match Katherine like his brother did and we'll give him the transplant and, uh, he'll be well.
And probably he'll match Katherine like his brother did and we'll give him the transplant and, uh, he'll be well.
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: I have to be honest that we never sat down and outlined this is what we will do "if".
：我必须诚实地说，我们从未坐下来概述这就是我们“如果”将要做的事情。
It was an unspoken understanding that he would match Katherine, we would transplant him, it would work, and six weeks to three months later, he would be reconstituted and come out, and we would all be joyful, and maybe famous.
这是一种不言而喻的理解，他会与凯瑟琳相匹配，我们会移植他，这会起作用，六周到三个月后，他会被重组并出来，我们都会很高兴，也许还会出名。
Rev.
牧师。
Raymond Lawrence : My problem with the medical team is that they offered a bit too much hope.
Raymond Lawrence : My problem with the medical team is that they offered a bit too much hope.
They offered too much and they gave too much.
他们付出了太多，也付出了太多。
And they trapped themselves.
他们把自己困住了。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I don't know if 'confused' is a good word for the doctors.
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I don't know if 'confused' is a good word for the doctors.
We were certainly confused.
我们当然很困惑。
There were a lot of theories.
有很多理论。
They told us that David would have to stay inside this germ free environment.
They told us that David would have to stay inside this germ free environment.
Once we gathered ourselves, then we said, "Okay, now what?
一旦我们聚集在一起，我们就说：“好吧，现在怎么办？
What happens now?"
现在发生什么事了？”
Narrator : In what seemed like an instant, the isolator had gone from a stopgap measure to David's permanent home.
旁白：似乎在一瞬间，隔离器就从权宜之计变成了大卫的永久住所。
Little more than an inflated balloon, the isolator was fed with a constant flow of filtered air.
Little more than an inflated balloon, the isolator was fed with a constant flow of filtered air.
Comprised of a 5-foot by 3-foot living chamber, it was connected to an even smaller supply bubble.
Comprised of a 5-foot by 3-foot living chamber, it was connected to an even smaller supply bubble.
David had to be handled through thick black neoprene gloves, spaced at intervals throughout the isolator.
必须戴着厚厚的黑色氯丁橡胶手套来操作大卫，手套在整个隔离器中间隔一定距离。
Everything he ate, wore, or touched had to be sterilized with pericidic acid and placed inside steel capsules inserted through a system of air locks.
他吃的、穿的或接触的所有东西都必须用包氯酸消毒，并放置在通过气闸系统插入的钢制胶囊内。
Even David's doctors weren't certain it would hold up.
就连大卫的医生也不确定它是否有效。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: I had no idea that this situation would work for the next week, much less for the next year.
：我不知道这种情况会持续到下周，更不用说明年了。
I kept expecting to walk in any day and in my worst nightmare, just see him falling apart.
我一直期待着有一天，在我最糟糕的噩梦中，我会看到他崩溃。
Narrator : The medical team now faced a choice: they could leave David in the bubble hoping that his immune system might kick in or a new treatment be found -- or they could take him out and let his disease run its natural course.
旁白：医疗团队现在面临一个选择：他们可以将大卫留在泡沫中，希望他的免疫系统能够启动或找到新的治疗方法，或者他们可以将他带出去，让他的疾病自然发展。
In June 1973 when David was 18 months old the chairman of the pediatrics department decided it was time to remove him from the bubble.
1973 年 6 月，大卫 18 个月大时，儿科主任决定是时候将他从泡沫中移除了。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : He essentially said, "Get this over with." His point was that you have a case to treat.
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：他本质上是说，“把这件事结束吧。”他的观点是你有一个案例需要处理。
You use the best tools you have at the present time, and if it doesn't work it doesn't work.
你使用目前最好的工具，如果它不起作用，那就不起作用了。
My point was that this would be the approach with a child who was sick.
我的观点是，这将是对待生病的孩子的方法。
David was not sick.
大卫没有生病。
So I said to him, "If you think it should be terminated, you terminate this case.
所以我对他说：“如果你认为应该终止，你就终止这个案子。
You're chairman of the department, but I'm not going to do it." And that was -- that was the end of that.
你是部门主席，但我不会这么做。”那就是——事情就这样结束了。
Narrator : The faith David's doctors placed in technology reflected the times.
旁白：大卫的医生对技术的信心反映了时代。
By the early 1970s, American medicine itself had undergone a significant cultural shift.
到 20 世纪 70 年代初，美国医学本身也经历了重大的文化转变。
Following World War II, important advances in medical technology -- from the iron lung to the artificial heart -- had emboldened doctors.
第二次世界大战后，医疗技术的重要进步——从铁肺到人造心脏——让医生变得更加大胆。
Bruce Jennings : By 1971 we in the United States were well along in a remarkable period of medical progress.
Bruce Jennings：到 1971 年，我们美国已经进入了医学进步的显着时期。
Medicine was on a roll.
药物进展顺利。
And in that climate it was natural for physicians and researchers to want to take up any condition which was incurable and treat it as a challenge -- treat it as an enemy to be defeated.
在那种氛围下，医生和研究人员很自然地想要应对任何无法治愈的疾病，并将其视为挑战——将其视为需要击败的敌人。
Narrator : David's doctors were especially prone to the lure of technology.
旁白：大卫的医生特别容易受到技术的诱惑。
Texas Medical Center, home to Texas Children's, was the epicenter of medical innovation in the United States, from the separation of conjoined twins to major advances in heart transplant surgery.
德克萨斯儿童医院所在地德克萨斯医疗中心是美国医疗创新的中心，从连体双胞胎的分离到心脏移植手术的重大进展。
Walter Cronkite, Archival : Below me, a delicate operation is taking place: an operation on the human heart.
沃尔特·克朗凯特，档案：在我的下面，正在进行一场微妙的手术：对人类心脏的手术。
The surgeon is Dr. Michael Ellis Debacle, the world-renowned Houston specialist.
外科医生是世界著名的休斯敦专家迈克尔·埃利斯·德巴克尔 (Michael Ellis Debacle) 医生。
Jacqueline B.
杰奎琳·B.
Vogel : Lots of wonderful things happened at the Texas Medical Center.
沃格尔：德克萨斯医学中心发生了很多奇妙的事情。
It's an amazing institution with a history of many amazing breakthroughs.
这是一个了不起的机构，有着许多惊人突破的历史。
Lots of us that were involved with David's care really assumed that big breakthroughs were possible in terms of immune deficiency.
我们许多参与大卫护理的人确实认为在免疫缺陷方面有可能取得重大突破。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : So, there was an element of hope, expectation, of optimism -- that we're working on this but we're not there yet.
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：所以，有一种希望、期望和乐观的元素——我们正在努力解决这个问题，但我们还没有实现。
Narrator : Now banking on a future medical breakthrough, David's doctors threw themselves into a vigorous research effort into SCID.
旁白：现在，大卫的医生寄希望于未来的医学突破，投入到 SCID 的积极研究工作中。
They scoured the world for leads on how to perform a transplant without matching bone marrow -- and meticulously studied David himself to better understand the human immune system.
他们在世界各地寻找有关如何在不匹配骨髓的情况下进行移植的线索，并仔细研究了大卫本人，以更好地了解人类免疫系统。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: Finally, finally here was something that we had to work with.
：最后，终于有一些我们必须处理的事情了。
We were able to watch the progression of this disease uninfected for the first time in history.
我们有史以来第一次能够在未感染的情况下观察到这种疾病的进展。
Nurses' chart notes : The immunization experiment will include the following: bacteriophage will be given intravenously.
护士图表注释：免疫实验将包括以下内容：静脉注射噬菌体。
Small blood samples will be taken at three days, five days, seven days, 14 days, 21 days ...
小血样将在三天、五天、七天、十四天、二十一天采集……
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones : David was a research subject as well as a patient.
琼斯：大卫既是一个研究对象，也是一个病人。
And those two roles became blurred.
这两个角色变得模糊了。
Here is a child who, over time, has so many punctures that his feet started to look like pincushions.
这是一个孩子，随着时间的推移，他的脚上出现了很多刺孔，以至于他的脚开始看起来像针垫。
Rev.
牧师。
Raymond Lawrence : When I first saw David I was very disturbed -- I think deeply disturbed -- by the fact that he was in this laboratory tube.
雷蒙德·劳伦斯：当我第一次看到大卫时，我感到非常不安——我认为是深深的不安——因为他在这个实验室管子里。
I was not comfortable.
我不舒服。
I mean, I felt like I was visiting a rat in a cage.
我的意思是，我感觉自己就像在拜访笼子里的老鼠。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : He was not a guinea pig in the sense that we delivered him with the intent of having an experimental subject.
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：他不是实验对象，因为我们把他送来是为了做实验对象。
But we had to continue our research because we were working in an area where there was no previous experience.
但我们必须继续我们的研究，因为我们正在一个以前没有经验的领域工作。
Narrator : While research went forward on David, Wilson and his colleagues spoke at conferences, wrote articles, and appeared in the media, painting a cheerful picture of David's life in the bubble.
旁白：在对大卫进行研究的同时，威尔逊和他的同事们在会议上发言、撰写文章并出现在媒体上，为大卫在泡沫中的生活描绘了一幅欢快的图画。
Archival, press conference : Dr. Wilson, how do you assess his development?
档案，新闻发布会：威尔逊博士，您如何评价他的发展？
Raphael Wilson, archival : Physically, he is well developed.
拉斐尔·威尔逊（Raphael Wilson），档案：从身体上来说，他发育良好。
He is strong.
他很坚强。
His muscular development is normal.
他的肌肉发育正常。
His psychological development, if anything, is ahead.
如果说有什么不同的话，那就是他的心理发展是领先的。
Narrator : Primed by David's doctors and the hospital's public relations department, the media eagerly reported what one newspaper called "the miracle in Houston".
旁白：在大卫的医生和医院公关部门的推动下，媒体热切地报道了一家报纸所称的“休斯顿奇迹”。
Archival, news : There's a very special little boy here: one who is waiting to leave the hospital for good and go outside.
档案、新闻：这里有一个非常特别的小男孩：他正在等待永远离开医院并出去。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : The interest in David from his germ free birth forward built over time, and he became a celebrity in his own right.
琼斯博士：随着时间的推移，人们对大卫的兴趣从他无菌出生开始就逐渐建立起来，他凭借自己的能力成为了名人。
Archival : News stories don't mention his last name in order to give some privacy to a little boy and his family, but the story of David, the boy who lives in a bubble, has been told around the world.
档案：新闻报道没有提及他的姓氏，以便为小男孩和他的家人提供一些隐私，但生活在泡沫中的男孩大卫的故事已经传遍了世界各地。
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : The story told over and over again to the American public in David's early years was that this was very successful, that this was a very happy, intelligent, active, thriving child, and that the cure was just coming right around the corner.
伊芙琳·纳尔逊·麦克米伦：大卫早年向美国公众反复讲述的故事是，这是非常成功的，这是一个非常快乐、聪明、活跃、蓬勃发展的孩子，治愈方法指日可待。
Archival : He seems very happy and active with an abundance of toys and love here which makes the waiting easier.
档案：他看起来非常快乐和活跃，这里有丰富的玩具和爱，这让等待变得更容易。
Narrator : The upbeat news was not entirely unfounded.
旁白：这个乐观的消息并非完全没有根据。
While just a few months old, David had been allowed to leave the hospital for his parents' home an hour away.
大卫只有几个月大的时候就被允许离开医院，前往一小时车程外的父母家。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : David never questioned in the early years, why he was in a bubble.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：大卫早年从未质疑过为什么他处于泡沫之中。
It was routine for him to have his mother hold him with black gloves on.
让母亲戴着黑手套抱住他，这对他来说是家常便饭。
In the beginning, you know, children -- their needs are very simple, so David's needs were very simple.
一开始，你知道，孩子们——他们的需求非常简单，所以大卫的需求也非常简单。
Narrator : But as months turned into years, there was little real progress in the search for a cure.
旁白：但是，几个月过去了，几年过去了，寻找治疗方法却几乎没有取得任何实际进展。
Bone marrow registries in Europe had not come up with a matching donor for David, and there were no breakthroughs on a non-matching transplant.
欧洲的骨髓登记处尚未为大卫找到匹配的捐赠者，非匹配移植也没有取得突破。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: Nothing seemed to offer real hope and most of the procedures offered real danger, and as long as the isolator was working we didn't have to do anything.
：似乎没有什么能带来真正的希望，大多数手术都带来了真正的危险，只要隔离器还在工作，我们就不需要做任何事情。
Narrator : By David's third birthday in September 1974, there had been a significant shift in how his doctors saw his case.
旁白：1974 年 9 月，大卫三岁生日时，医生对他病情的看法发生了重大转变。
The original promise to quickly cure David had been replaced by what Dr. Wilson himself called "a holding pattern".
最初的快速治愈大卫的承诺已被威尔逊医生自己所说的“等待模式”所取代。
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : The bubble was successful for David.
伊芙琳·纳尔逊·麦克米伦：泡沫对大卫来说是成功的。
It did protect him.
它确实保护了他。
He was a living, breathing, laughing, talking child.
他是一个活生生的、会呼吸、会笑、会说话的孩子。
And now they had no way out.
而现在他们已经没有退路了。
There was no way to conscientiously, in their thinking, remove this happy child from this protective environment and expose him to the dangers of the world.
在他们看来，没有办法认真地把这个快乐的孩子从这个受保护的环境中移走，让他暴露在世界的危险之中。
How do you kill a child?
你怎么杀死一个孩子？
University of Virginia conference, archival : Our case today has to do with a little boy who has spent a number of years now in an isolator.
弗吉尼亚大学会议，档案：我们今天的案例与一个小男孩有关，他已经在隔离器中度过了很多年。
Narrator : In the winter of 1975, doctors held a conference at the University of Virginia on the now-famous case of the Boy in the Bubble.
旁白：1975年冬天，医生们在弗吉尼亚大学召开了一次会议，讨论现在著名的“泡沫中男孩”的案例。
Raphael Wilson, University of Virginia conference, archival : Can you hear me?
Raphael Wilson，弗吉尼亚大学会议，档案：你能听到我说话吗？
Am I coming through all right?
我还好吗？
The featured speaker was Raphael Wilson, himself.
主讲人是拉斐尔·威尔逊本人。
Raphael Wilson, University of Virginia conference, archival : May I have the first slide?
Raphael Wilson，弗吉尼亚大学会议，档案：我可以看第一张幻灯片吗？
Narrator : Wilson began with a detailed lecture on the mechanics of the isolator.
旁白：威尔逊首先详细介绍了隔离器的机械原理。
Raphael Wilson, University of Virginia conference, archival : When he was two years old, we built him this playroom, which has solid plexiglass walls.
拉斐尔·威尔逊，弗吉尼亚大学会议，档案：当他两岁时，我们为他建造了这个游戏室，里面有坚固的有机玻璃墙。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones : What happens very quickly, questions are raised spontaneously from the audience, questions that had never been asked before.
琼斯：事情发生得很快，观众自发地提出了以前从未提出过的问题。
University of Virginia conference, archival : Well, I share, I'm sure, with a lot of people here extreme admiration for the technological sophistication of what's been done for David, but I'm very deeply troubled as I think many of us are, about when he begins to ask, "What have you done to me?"
弗吉尼亚大学会议，档案：嗯，我确信，我和这里的很多人一样，对为大卫所做的事情的复杂技术感到极度钦佩，但当他开始问“你对我做了什么？”时，我和我想我们中的许多人一样深感不安。
What is our ethical position if and when David says, as he may well do somewhere down the line, "I've had enough.
如果大卫说“我已经受够了”，那么我们的道德立场是什么？他很可能会在以后的某个时候这样做。
I'm coming out of here; just stand aside."
我要离开这里；就靠边站吧。”
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : I really felt that sometimes their questions were very inappropriate in the sense that they were based on, on uh, situations that simply did not exist.
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：我真的觉得有时候他们的问题是非常不恰当的，因为他们是基于，呃，根本不存在的情况。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D., archival Having been raised in this from the outset, he can no more think of removing himself from the bubble than shedding his skin.
拉斐尔·威尔逊 (Raphael Wilson) 博士，档案 从一开始就在这种环境中长大的他，除了脱皮之外，无法想到将自己从泡沫中移出。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: We were doing all right.
: 我们做得很好。
Why do we have to worry about something that maybe years down the road, that may never occur, and that probably, if you look at what we have done over the past two or three years of taking care of David, when the problem comes up, we'll solve it?
为什么我们要担心几年后可能永远不会发生的事情，如果你看看我们过去两三年照顾大卫所做的事情，当问题出现时，我们可能会解决它？
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : They were totally unwilling to look ahead.
伊芙琳·纳尔逊·麦克米伦：他们完全不愿意展望未来。
They were happy with the present, with how well things were going.
他们对现在的情况感到满意，对一切进展顺利感到满意。
And they were unwilling to face the fact that this very intelligent child is going to grow into an awareness of his situation and is going to question it.
他们不愿意面对这样一个事实：这个非常聪明的孩子将逐渐意识到自己的处境并会提出质疑。
David Vetter, archival : A, B, C, D, E, F, G ...
大卫·维特，档案：A、B、C、D、E、F、G ...
[inaudible]
[听不清]
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret, archival : That's very good, sweetheart!
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特（Carol Ann Vetter Demaret），档案：那太好了，亲爱的！
Narrator : In his first few years of life, David had thrived in isolation.
旁白：大卫在生命的最初几年里，在孤独中茁壮成长。
Patricia M.
帕特里夏·M。
Bealmear, Ph.D., Researcher : It was amazing to see him develop.
Bealmear 博士、研究员：看到他的成长真是令人惊奇。
When he was about 21 months old, he was playing with this little red wagon and he was turning the wheels and he says, "What is that in there?" ...
当他大约 21 个月大的时候，他正在玩这辆红色小马车，他转动轮子，他说：“那里面是什么？” ...
his first real sentence.
他真正的第一句话。
See, he was just amazing how much he could learn -- how quickly.
看，他真是令人惊讶他能学到这么多东西——学得这么快。
Narrator : By the time he was four, however, David was presenting a whole new set of challenges.
旁白：然而，到了四岁的时候，大卫就面临着一系列全新的挑战。
It was one thing to keep a toddler in the bubble, another to contain an energetic boy.
将一个蹒跚学步的孩子留在泡沫中是一回事，而容纳一个精力充沛的男孩又是另一回事。
Patricia M.
帕特里夏·M。
Bealmear, Ph.D. : The older he got, the more active he was you know, you had to be super, super careful.
贝尔米尔博士：他年纪越大，他就越活跃，你知道，你必须非常非常小心。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret, archival : What's wrong with the edges on this lid?
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特 (Carol Ann Vetter Demaret)，档案：这个盖子的边缘出了什么问题？
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret, archival : They're very sharp.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特（Carol Ann Vetter Demaret），档案：它们非常锋利。
And what can they do to you?
他们能对你做什么？
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret, archival : Cut.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特，档案：剪辑。
Patricia M.
帕特里夏·M。
Bealmear, Ph.D. : One time after they had taken his blood sample, he had kept one of the little butterflies that they used to insert into the vein, and they didn't ...
贝尔米尔博士：有一次他们采集了他的血样后，他保留了一只他们用来插入静脉的小蝴蝶，但他们没有……
nobody noticed it.
没有人注意到它。
And that evening, all of a sudden he dashed up the stairs into the bubble and he was going all over the place.
那天晚上，他突然冲上楼梯，进入了泡泡，然后到处乱跑。
And I thought what are you doing?
我想你在做什么？
And, like here was this little butterfly and he was poking holes in the isolator.
而且，就像这只小蝴蝶，他正在隔离器上戳洞。
This was the only time he had any control.
这是他唯一能控制的时候。
He could do something, you know, to the isolator that would get everybody going.
你知道，他可以对隔离器做一些事情，让每个人都继续前进。
Narrator : Dr. Wilson decided that the only way to control David was to make him more aware of the dangers posed by the outside world.
旁白：威尔逊博士决定控制大卫的唯一方法就是让他更多地意识到外界带来的危险。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : I said, what happened to your isolator today?
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：我说，你的隔离器今天怎么了？
He said, "Somebody made a hole in it." I said, "Yeah, I know somebody made a hole.
他说：“有人在上面挖了一个洞。”我说：“是的，我知道有人挖了一个洞。
Who made the hole?" And he thought for a moment and said, "I made the hole." I said, "Okay David, I want to tell you why making a hole in the isolator is very bad." I said, "Do you know what will happen if you make a hole in the isolator?" And he said no. "Little bugs will get in ...
是谁挖的这个洞？”他想了想，说道：“我挖了这个洞。”我说：“好吧，大卫，我想告诉你为什么在隔离器上打洞是非常糟糕的。”我说：“你知道如果在隔离器上打个洞会发生什么吗？”他说不。 “小虫子会进来......
little tiny, tiny bugs that you can't even see.
你甚至看不到的小虫子。
But they're bad; they'll make you sick.
但它们很糟糕；它们会让你生病。
If they get in, they'll make you hurt all over." So I said, "They'll hurt your eyes, they'll hurt your ears..." and I went down his whole anatomy.
如果他们进来了，他们会让你全身受伤。”所以我说，“它们会伤害你的眼睛，他们会伤害你的耳朵......”然后我深入了解了他的整个解剖结构。
And I said, "Now do you understand why it's important that you don't make any holes in the isolator?" Yeah, he understood.
我说：“现在你明白为什么不要在隔离器上打任何洞很重要了吗？”是的，他明白。
This was the first time that we had any conversation with him about the reasons for his isolation.
这是我们第一次与他谈论他被孤立的原因。
Nurses chart notes : I transferred linen and took trash out.
护士图表注释：我转移了床单并倒出了垃圾。
While I was cleaning up, a patient walked up to door and stated: "Will he have to live in that thing for the rest of his life?" The speaker system was on at that time; I am positive David heard the statement clearly.
当我清理的时候，一个病人走到门口说：“他的余生就得住在那个东西里吗？”当时扬声器系统已打开；我确信大卫清楚地听到了这句话。
He reacted with silence and sucked his thumb.
他沉默地回应，吮吸着拇指。
Narrator : With greater awareness, David began to comprehend how different his life was from others.
旁白：随着意识的增强，大卫开始理解他的生活与其他人有多么不同。
Jacqueline B.
杰奎琳·B.
Vogel : I think he became more introspective, quieter.
沃格尔：我认为他变得更加内省、更加安静。
When I would come to visit and he would really have very little to say at all.
当我来拜访时，他真的没什么可说的。
He would sit on his knees and rock back and forth.
他会坐在膝盖上，前后摇晃。
Narrator : Child psychologist Mary Murphy began to work intensively with David when he was five.
旁白：儿童心理学家玛丽·墨菲在大卫五岁时开始与他进行深入的研究。
Mary Ada Murphy : I really liked him.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲：我真的很喜欢他。
I really thought he was delightful, yet at the same time, I felt so sad.
我真的觉得他很可爱，但同时我又感到很悲伤。
I thought, "Oh my god, how can this bright, bright child survive in this little space?"
我想：“天哪，这个聪明伶俐的孩子怎么能在这么小的空间里生存呢？”
Narrator : As Murphy spent more time with David, she began to discover new ways in which his confinement was affecting him.
旁白：随着墨菲与大卫相处的时间越来越多，她开始发现他的监禁对他产生了新的影响。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : There were so many things he couldn't understand -- like wind -- he absolutely could not understand it.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：有太多他无法理解的东西——比如风——他绝对无法理解。
I made the pinwheel and put it on his blower.
我制作了风车并将其放在他的鼓风机上。
But still he did not understand the wind outside.
但他还是不明白外面的风。
He saw the world as flat.
他认为世界是平的。
There was nothing behind anything.
背后什么也没有。
I said something about leaves and he said, "Well trees didn't have leaves; they were a brown rectangle and a green oval." And so it was pouring down rain and so I went out and tore a branch off the tree to show him and he just go so excited about that.
我说了一些关于叶子的事情，他说：“树没有叶子；它们是一个棕色的矩形和一个绿色的椭圆形。”当时正下倾盆大雨，我出去从树上扯下一根树枝给他看，他对此感到非常兴奋。
And he just couldn't believe it.
他简直不敢相信。
Narrator : To relieve his sense of isolation, Murphy encouraged David to escape his bubble using his imagination.
旁白：为了缓解孤独感，墨菲鼓励大卫利用想象力逃离自己的泡沫。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : They pretended that they were on space odysseys, -- places that transcended his isolator.
琼斯博士：他们假装正在进行太空漫游——超越他的隔离的地方。
And they had made great adventures where they explored other planets, in which he got to be a swashbuckling space captain.
他们在探索其他星球的过程中进行了伟大的冒险，其中他成为了一名虚张声势的太空船长。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : Night after night we would make all these trips all through the universe.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：夜复一夜，我们会在宇宙中进行所有这些旅行。
He was the pilot and I was his copilot.
他是飞行员，我是他的副驾驶。
And he would always protect me and bring me back safe.
他会永远保护我并带我安全回来。
News, archival : What're your hopes for him?
新闻、档案：你对他有什么希望？
Well we're very optimistic about David's problem, with all his genius doctors working on his case all over the world, we truly believe that one day, soon, David will be able to come out.
好吧，我们对大卫的问题非常乐观，世界各地所有的天才医生都在致力于他的病例，我们坚信有一天，很快，大卫将能够康复。
Narrator : As the Vetters waited for a cure, research on David began to produce results.
旁白：当维特一家等待治愈方法时，对大卫的研究开始产生结果。
Immunologists had learned how SCID suppressed the immune system.
免疫学家已经了解 SCID 如何抑制免疫系统。
Hematologists learned about the properties of germ free blood, and psychologists learned about the human response to physical isolation.
血液学家了解了无菌血液的特性，心理学家了解了人类对物理隔离的反应。
While the scientific harvest had been rich, it had done little to help David.
尽管科学收获颇丰，但对大卫帮助甚微。
The barrier to a bone marrow transplant, or any other possible cure, remained as insurmountable as ever.
骨髓移植或任何其他可能的治疗方法的障碍仍然像以前一样难以克服。
Then, in 1975, Dr. Wilson had a brainstorm: he would get NASA to design and build a miniature space suit for David.
1975 年，威尔逊博士灵机一动：他要让 NASA 为大卫设计并制造一套微型太空服。
News, archival : Right now, he's been restrained to his little bubble world and he's never really been able to get out and walk and play and maybe go to the zoo.
新闻、档案：现在，他一直被限制在他的小泡泡世界里，他从来没有真正能够出去散步、玩耍，也许还可以去动物园。
But this would give him a much more intimate touch with the real world.
但这将使他与现实世界有更亲密的接触。
After more than two years of development, David prepared to enter the space suit for the first time.
经过两年多的开发，大卫准备第一次进入宇航服。
Dorothy M.
多萝西·M。
Johnson, R.N.
约翰逊，R.N.
: His mother was at one end of the tunnel which he would come out of, and she kept encouraging him to come on, come on...
：他的母亲就在他即将走出的隧道的一端，她一直鼓励他加油，加油……
At the very last minute, he decided, "Well maybe this wasn't such a good idea.
在最后一刻，他决定：“也许这不是一个好主意。
Maybe I'll just stay in my little bubble."
也许我会呆在我的小泡泡里。”
Narrator : Finally coaxed down a 10-foot long tunnel into the suit, David took his first tentative steps outside the bubble.
旁白：最后，大卫沿着一条 10 英尺长的隧道被哄入太空服，在泡沫之外迈出了第一步。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : David was in awe of everything around him, he was looking right and left all the time.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：大卫对周围的一切感到敬畏，他一直在左顾右盼。
He was fascinated by the simple things like the faucet in the lavatory.
他对厕所里的水龙头这样简单的东西很着迷。
After a few walks in the hospital David was allowed to explore the outdoors for the first time in his life.
在医院散步了几次后，大卫一生中第一次被允许去户外探索。
News, archival : A specially designed suit allows him to experience the world.
新闻、档案：专门设计的套装让他能够体验这个世界。
...
...
The mobile unit has given David a chance to explore the outside world.
移动装置给了大卫一个探索外面世界的机会。
And in a recent outing, he playfully sprayed his mother with a garden hose.
在最近的一次郊游中，他开玩笑地用花园软管向母亲喷水。
...
...
The ever-smiling effervescent youngster took his first walk in the outside world as he watered the yard and played with the family dog.
这个总是微笑着、兴高采烈的年轻人第一次在外面的世界散步，他给院子浇水，和家里的狗玩耍。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : This is a PR dream.
琼斯博士：这是一个公关梦想。
But David behind the cameras, where no one can see, is very afraid of getting in that spacesuit.
但在摄像机后面，没人能看到的大卫非常害怕穿上宇航服。
Dorothy M.
多萝西·M。
Johnson : He was very, very frightened.
约翰逊：他非常非常害怕。
He would complain that it was hot or that it was too small, or something.
他会抱怨房间太热，或者房间太小，或者其他什么。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : You know, he wanted out, but he was scared to death that the germs would come in.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：你知道，他想出去，但又害怕细菌进来。
I mean the world is full of germs.
我的意思是这个世界充满了细菌。
The fear he had -- I mean that fear was instilled in him from day one.
他的恐惧——我的意思是，恐惧从第一天起就被灌输给了他。
Narrator : After only six walks, David refused to get back in the space suit and it was permanently retired.
旁白：仅仅走了六次之后，大卫就拒绝穿上宇航服，宇航服因此永久退役。
Jacqueline B.
杰奎琳·B.
Vogel : It was disappointing; it was very disappointing.
沃格尔：这令人失望；非常令人失望。
I'm not sure what I imagined; I just didn't imagine it would be that difficult.
我不确定我的想象是什么；我只是没想到会那么困难。
It made it very clear that trying to help him experience the wider world was going to be ever so much more difficult than anybody expected.
这非常清楚地表明，试图帮助他体验更广阔的世界将比任何人预想的都要困难得多。
Mary Ann South, M.D., archival : Everyone involved in David's care has felt trapped by the situation at one time or another.
玛丽·安·南 (Mary Ann South)，医学博士，档案：参与大卫护理的每个人都曾一度感到被这种情况困住了。
Because we do feel that it's a problem we can't turn off and walk away from.
因为我们确实觉得这是一个我们无法回避的问题。
Narrator : David's doctors had always promised to keep him safe until they could find a cure.
旁白：大卫的医生一直承诺会保证他的安全，直到找到治疗方法。
But after years of frustration, they each left to pursue their careers elsewhere.
但在经历了多年的挫折之后，他们各自离开去其他地方追求自己的职业生涯。
Dr. South was the first to go.
索思博士是第一个走的。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: My reasoning was: I would not leave in spirit.
：我的理由是：我精神上不会离开。
The work is going to go on.
这项工作将会继续下去。
I've done what I can do for David.
我已经为大卫做了我能做的事。
Narrator : Jack Montgomery left a few years later.
旁白：杰克·蒙哥马利几年后离开了。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: I was not contributing in any way to a solution to David's problem.
：我没有以任何方式为解决大卫的问题做出贡献。
I was just keeping things going.
我只是让事情继续下去。
In the spring of 1976, shortly before David turned five, Raphael Wilson suffered a major heart attack.
1976 年春天，大卫五岁前不久，拉斐尔·威尔逊心脏病发作。
David was taken down the hall to visit him.
大卫被带下大厅去看望他。
Raphael Wilson, Ph.D. : They nurses wheeled his isolator into my room.
拉斐尔·威尔逊博士：护士把他的隔离器推到我的房间。
David took one look at me and started to scream.
大卫看了我一眼，开始尖叫。
His worst fears were coming to light.
他最担心的事情终于暴露了。
Something could happen to me so that I wouldn't be able to take care of him.
我可能会发生什么事，导致我无法照顾他。
Narrator : After his recovery, Wilson informed David that he too would be leaving Houston.
旁白：康复后，威尔逊告诉大卫，他也将离开休斯顿。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : The three people who are to keep him alive are no longer on his case.
琼斯博士：救他一命的三个人不再关注他的案子了。
David understood that his life depended on those individuals finding him a cure.
大卫明白，他的生命取决于那些为他找到治疗方法的人。
And when each of those individuals, from his perspective, abandons him, he must have understood that his future took a turn for the worst.
当这些人中的每一个人，从他的角度来看，抛弃了他时，他一定明白他的未来发生了最坏的转变。
Nurses' chart notes : - David was very quiet today.
护士图表注释： - 大卫今天非常安静。
Sucking his thumb constantly and rocking back and forth...
不断地吮吸拇指并前后摇晃……
- He can't say why he is unhappy but that he definitely is.
- He can't say why he is unhappy but that he definitely is.
- David seemed upset when I arrived -- he was repeating out loud, "One, two, three, four, I can't take this anymore." - David did not talk openly about being unhappy but did want me to sit and hold his hand most of the session...
- 当我到达时，大卫似乎很沮丧 - 他大声重复：“一，二，三，四，我再也受不了了。” - 大卫没有公开谈论不高兴，但确实希望我在大部分会议中坐下来握着他的手......
- In books and stories, David keeps coming back to themes of death.
- 在书籍和故事中，大卫不断回到死亡主题。
This is increasingly prevalent in how David responds to stories he sees on television.
大卫对他在电视上看到的故事的反应越来越普遍。
- The entire group felt sadly that David's anxieties are intensifying rapidly and that his anxieties are getting beyond his control.
- 整个小组都感到悲伤，大卫的焦虑正在迅速加剧，而且他的焦虑已经超出了他的控制范围。
Dorothy M.
多萝西·M。
Johnson, R.N.
约翰逊，R.N.
: You would go in the room and he would be just sitting there, staring into space.
：你走进房间，他就坐在那里，凝视着太空。
You would say something to him and he would respond: "I don't want to talk; leave, you know, get out." There were times when I really wondered, "Why are we doing this?
你会对他说些什么，他会回答：“我不想说话；离开，你知道，滚出去。”有时我真的想知道：“我们为什么要这样做？
Why are we putting this child through all of this?"
为什么我们要让这个孩子经历这一切？”
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : It was the mental anguish of knowing that tomorrow is just going to be like today, only worse.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：知道明天会像今天一样，甚至更糟，这是一种精神上的痛苦。
He had no choices, and his hormones were kicking in and he felt that everybody was deserting him, which in reality, they pretty much were.
他别无选择，他的荷尔蒙开始分泌，他觉得每个人都在抛弃他，而事实上，他们几乎就是这样。
Well, he always had nightmares.
嗯，他总是做噩梦。
He would tell me what his nightmares were.
他会告诉我他的噩梦是什么。
We would reenact them and I'd say now what we're going to do, we're going to change the end.
我们会重演它们，我现在会说我们要做什么，我们要改变结局。
The "King of Germs" -- that was a recurring one.
“细菌之王”——这是一个反复出现的问题。
The King of Germs was going to get him, and the King of Germs had all these wives and we could slay the wives and we would kill the people working for the king, but we never could get to the king.
细菌之王要抓到他，细菌之王拥有所有这些妻子，我们可以杀死这些妻子，我们可以杀死为国王工作的人，但我们永远无法接近国王。
We just couldn't get the king.
我们就是没能得到国王。
And if you didn't get the King of the Germs, the dream goes on.
即使你没有得到细菌之王，梦想仍然会继续。
William T.
威廉·T.
Shearer, M.D.
希勒，医学博士
: Here he was, inside of this system.
：他就在这里，在这个系统内部。
Something obviously had to be done.
显然必须做点什么。
It just seemed to be going on and on and on.
它似乎一直在持续。
And one had to say, "When is this going to stop?"
人们不得不说，“这什么时候才能停止？”
In the fall of 1978, immunologist William Shearer was put in charge of David's case.
1978 年秋天，免疫学家威廉·希勒 (William Shearer) 受命负责大卫的病例。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : Dr. Shearer saw David with a fresh vision.
琼斯博士：希勒博士以全新的眼光看待大卫。
He was in no sense hostage to the original set of attitudes and hopes you know that put David in that isolator.
他绝不是原始态度的人质，并希望你知道这使大卫陷入了孤立。
What he saw quite simply was a failed experiment.
他所看到的很简单，就是一次失败的实验。
William T.
威廉·T.
Shearer, M.D.
希勒，医学博士
: My feelings were to advise the parents of the options and to really draw a focus to a decision.
：我的感受是向父母提供各种选择的建议，并真正让他们集中精力做出决定。
Narrator : Shearer had David examined by a team of psychiatrists.
旁白：希勒让一组精神科医生对大卫进行了检查。
Their report was unequivocal: David would continue to deteriorate as long as he remained in the bubble.
他们的报告毫不含糊：只要大卫留在泡沫中，他的病情就会继续恶化。
Dr. Shearer's Case Notes : I have shared the preliminary findings with the Vetters -- that David has extraordinary fears and anxieties.
希勒博士的案例笔记：我已与维特夫妇分享了初步调查结果——大卫有异常的恐惧和焦虑。
My recommendation to Mr. and Mrs. Vetter was that David be removed from the isolator system.
我向维特先生和夫人的建议是将大卫从隔离系统中移除。
The Vetters appeared to be shaken by this discussion.
维特夫妇似乎对这次讨论感到震惊。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I remember the conversation.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：我记得那次谈话。
And he was -- he was very blunt.
他非常直率。
It was suggested that David be removed from the bubble and then just be treated accordingly.
有人建议将大卫从泡沫中移除，然后接受相应的治疗。
Well I knew that that was, um, certain death.
好吧，我知道那是，嗯，必死无疑。
Narrator : Panicked by Dr. Shearer's recommendation, the Vetters turned to David's original doctors for advice.
旁白：维特一家对希勒医生的建议感到惊慌，于是向大卫原来的医生寻求建议。
All three were outraged.
三人都愤怒了。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: For these many years we had had a success story, and should this happen, this would be the ultimate declaration that it was a failure that the whole thing was a failure.
：这么多年以来，我们一直有一个成功的故事，如果发生这种情况，这将是最终的失败宣言，整个事情都是失败的。
Mary Ann South, M.D.
玛丽·安·南，医学博士
: None of the three of us were going to just sit by and let this happen.
：我们三个人都不会袖手旁观，让这种事发生。
And we assured them that nobody could take David out of the isolator until they consented.
我们向他们保证，在他们同意之前，没有人可以将大卫带出隔离室。
Narrator : Steeled by the doctors' resolve, the Vetters demanded that Dr. Shearer maintain David in the bubble until a cure could be found.
旁白：在医生们的决心的鼓舞下，维特夫妇要求希勒医生将大卫留在泡沫中，直到找到治疗方法。
Bruce Jennings : To continue to say, "This is a bridge, we just have to wait longer; this is a bridge, we just have to wait longer; be patient..." is wrong.
布鲁斯·詹宁斯：继续说“这是一座桥，我们只需等待更长的时间；这是一座桥，我们只需等待更长的时间；要有耐心......”是错误的。
It's depriving the parents of the choice that they have to make: to confront the options that have to be confronted.
它剥夺了父母必须做出的选择：面对必须面对的选择。
If you continue to pretend that this treatment or this environment, this plastic bubble has not turned into a prison.
If you continue to pretend that this treatment or this environment, this plastic bubble has not turned into a prison.
In the spring of 1981, when David was nine, Shearer decided to discharge him to his parents' full-time care.
1981 年春天，大卫九岁，希勒决定将他交给父母全职照顾。
Surrounded by his family at home, David's mood lightened for a time.
家里有家人陪伴，大卫的心情一度轻松起来。
But soon, even his parents began to be concerned.
但很快，就连他的父母也开始担心起来。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I think, for us, the summers were especially hard.
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I think, for us, the summers were especially hard.
I would notice that David would spend a lot of time gazing outside.
I would notice that David would spend a lot of time gazing outside.
And he would see young boys on bicycles or he would see kids tumbling in the grass.
And he would see young boys on bicycles or he would see kids tumbling in the grass.
I sensed a sadness to him.
我感觉到他有一种悲伤。
The time was coming soon where, you know, something would have to be done.
你知道，时间很快就到了，必须采取一些行动。
Narrator : Then, just as the situation reached bottom, came hints of the long sought after breakthrough.
Narrator : Then, just as the situation reached bottom, came hints of the long sought after breakthrough.
A team of researchers in Boston announced that they had developed a way to safely transplant incompatible bone marrow.
A team of researchers in Boston announced that they had developed a way to safely transplant incompatible bone marrow.
The Boston procedure offered hope that Katherine's bone marrow could finally be used to kick-start David's immune system.
The Boston procedure offered hope that Katherine's bone marrow could finally be used to kick-start David's immune system.
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : The procedure is experimental; it has not been proven to be efficacious, but after nothing on the radar screen, this is the first bleep of hope.
琼斯博士：该程序是实验性的； it has not been proven to be efficacious, but after nothing on the radar screen, this is the first bleep of hope.
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : It was a chance; if it didn't work, he would still be okay.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：这是一个机会；就算不行，他也还好。
David knew that; that's how we explained it to him.
大卫知道这一点；我们就是这样向他解释的。
That's how science explained it to us.
科学就是这样向我们解释的。
Narrator : In the early morning hours of October 21, 1983, Dr. Shearer transfused two ounces of Katherine's bone marrow into David's body.
Narrator : In the early morning hours of October 21, 1983, Dr. Shearer transfused two ounces of Katherine's bone marrow into David's body.
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : We did fantasize.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：我们确实有幻想。
We did think about how all of that was behind us, and how exuberant we were going to be when we could touch David for the very first time.
We did think about how all of that was behind us, and how exuberant we were going to be when we could touch David for the very first time.
News, archival : Hello, everybody.
新闻、档案：大家好。
For 12 years we've known the youngster simply as "David the bubble boy." But early this morning, doctors operated on David.
12 年来，我们一直简称这个年轻人为“泡泡男孩大卫”。 But early this morning, doctors operated on David.
And our medical reporter Christie Meyers is with us now with the good news that this operation may mean that David someday can leave that bubble.
我们的医学记者克里斯蒂·迈耶斯现在和我们一起带来了好消息，这次手术可能意味着大卫有一天可以离开那个泡沫。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: The tone was very optimistic, everything seems to be going well.
: The tone was very optimistic, everything seems to be going well.
You know, you sort of went around with your fingers crossed saying, "No news is good news." And then came the bad news.
You know, you sort of went around with your fingers crossed saying, "No news is good news."然后坏消息来了。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : It was New Year's Eve when I took his temperature and it seemed elevated.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：那是除夕夜，我量了他的体温，发现他的体温似乎升高了。
I called the hospital and I said, "You know -- something strange -- David has a little temperature."
I called the hospital and I said, "You know -- something strange -- David has a little temperature."
Narrator : In the days that followed, David's temperature spiked as high as 105 degrees.
旁白：接下来的几天里，大卫的体温飙升至105度。
He began hemorrhaging from his intestines and vomiting blood.
他的肠子开始出血并吐血。
Dr. Shearer struggled to treat him inside the bubble.
Dr. Shearer struggled to treat him inside the bubble.
William T.
威廉·T.
Shearer, M.D.
希勒，医学博士
: He was to the point where his fever could not be controlled.
: 他的发烧已经无法控制了。
His intestinal bleeding could not be controlled.
他的肠道出血无法控制。
It was just impossible.
这是不可能的。
This contraption that protected him was now his greatest threat.
这个保护他的装置现在成了他最大的威胁。
It had to go; it had to go.
它必须离开；它必须离开。
Narrator : Shearer told David that it was time to leave his bubble.
旁白：希勒告诉大卫，是时候离开他的泡沫了。
On February 7, 1984, David began to make his way out.
1984年2月7日，大卫开始出逃。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : He crawled into the supply bubble and it took all his effort.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：他爬进了供应泡沫，这花了他所有的努力。
And Shearer put his hands under David's arms and pulled him out and laid him on the gurney.
希勒把手放在大卫的腋下，把他拉出来，放在轮床上。
Narrator : David was wheeled to a sterile room.
旁白：大卫被推到无菌室。
Freed from isolation for the first time in his life, even the smallest things seemed wondrous.
这是他一生中第一次摆脱孤立，即使是最小的事情也显得很奇妙。
Mary Ada Murphy, Ph.D. : The sun was coming through in little streams through the Venetian blind and he saw what he called -- he said there were minute snowflakes -- and it was actually the dust from the linen.
玛丽·艾达·墨菲博士：太阳像小溪一样穿过百叶窗，他看到了他所谓的东西——他说有微小的雪花——实际上是亚麻布上的灰尘。
And he was there, and he was feeling comfortable and he was playing with the snowflakes.
他在那里，感觉很舒服，正在玩雪花。
Narrator : But David's fever and bleeding persisted and his condition gradually deteriorated.
旁白：但大卫的高烧和出血持续存在，病情逐渐恶化。
Finally, he lapsed into a coma.
最后，他陷入了昏迷。
On February 22nd, 1984, David's parents were brought in to see him.
1984年2月22日，大卫的父母被带来看望他。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I looked over to the side of David's room, and there was a physician standing.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：我朝大卫房间的一侧看去，发现站着一位医生。
And I asked him if I could remove my glove and touch David, and he nodded yes.
我问他是否可以摘下手套触摸大卫，他点点头。
So I walked over to David, and I took my glove off of my hand, and I stroked the back of his hand, for the first and last time.
于是我走到大卫身边，脱下手套，抚摸他的手背，这是第一次也是最后一次。
At 8pm that night, David was pronounced dead.
当晚8点，大卫被宣布死亡。
He was twelve years old.
他十二岁了。
William T.
威廉·T.
Shearer, M.D.
希勒，医学博士
: It came, and it happened, and there was no emergency, there was no crew brought in to resuscitate.
：它来了，它发生了，没有紧急情况，没有人员被带进来进行复苏。
Uh, there were no tubes inserted.
呃，没有插入管子。
We had decided that it was not going to happen.
我们决定这不会发生。
This was going to be a dignified death.
这将是一个有尊严的死亡。
And it was.
确实如此。
Narrator : It wasn't until David's autopsy that the cause of his death became known.
旁白：直到大卫的尸检后，他的死因才被知晓。
Katherine's bone marrow had contained traces of a dormant virus.
凯瑟琳的骨髓中含有休眠病毒的痕迹。
Once inside David's defenseless body, the virus had spread rapidly, producing hundreds of cancerous tumors.
一旦进入大卫毫无防御能力的身体，病毒就迅速传播，产生了数百个癌性肿瘤。
Proof that a virus can cause cancer was probably the most important of the many medical insights that emerged from David's case.
病毒可导致癌症的证据可能是大卫案例中得出的众多医学见解中最重要的一个。
If these discoveries had done little to help David, they would help to treat thousands of immune compromised children in the future.
如果这些发现对大卫没有什么帮助，那么它们将在未来帮助治疗数千名免疫受损的儿童。
Yet some continued to question whether David himself had borne too high a price for the advancement of medicine.
然而，一些人仍然质疑大卫本人是否为医学的进步付出了过高的代价。
Rev.
牧师。
Raymond Lawrence : David was almost certainly the first human guinea pig in history.
雷蒙德·劳伦斯：大卫几乎可以肯定是历史上第一只人类豚鼠。
The first human being to live their entire lives in a laboratory capsule.
第一个在实验室胶囊中度过一生的人。
And I don't think we ought to do that again.
我认为我们不应该再这样做。
John R.
约翰·R。
Montgomery, M.D.
蒙哥马利，医学博士
: A team of dedicated and courageous people, including David and his family, set out to treat an incurable disease.
：包括大卫和他的家人在内的一支由敬业而勇敢的人组成的团队开始着手治疗一种不治之症。
And in the process, they gave him twelve years of good life that he would not have had otherwise.
在此过程中，他们给了他十二年的美好生活，否则他就不会拥有这样的生活。
Carol Ann Vetter Demaret : I don't have regret and I don't have blame.
卡罗尔·安·维特·德马雷特：我没有遗憾，也没有责备。
Any parent who has lost a child wonders if their brief life has meant something to the world, and science has said to me: yes.
任何失去孩子的父母都会想知道他们短暂的生命对世界是否意味着什么，科学对我说：是的。
Evelyn Nelson McMillan : As a society we have yet to confront these issues.
伊芙琳·纳尔逊·麦克米伦：作为一个社会，我们尚未面对这些问题。
We're still amazed and baffled by our technology.
我们仍然对我们的技术感到惊讶和困惑。
We still chase after things; we still deploy the technology entirely too frequently without having an exit strategy.
我们依然在追逐事物；我们仍然过于频繁地部署该技术，而没有退出策略。
James H.
詹姆斯·H.
Jones, Ph.D. : Scientific curiosity, the desire to test technology, to see what is possible, has to be tempered with a very deep respect for our need to be human.
琼斯博士：科学的好奇心，即测试技术、看看什么是可能的渴望，必须以对我们作为人类的需要的非常深刻的尊重来调和。
Card : More than 90 percent of infants diagnosed with SCID are now successfully treated with bone marrow transplants.
卡：超过 90% 被诊断患有 SCID 的婴儿现已成功接受骨髓移植治疗。
Long-term isolation is no longer offered as a treatment option.
不再提供长期隔离作为治疗选择。
Medical conditions like SCID raise many questions — and provide few easy answers.
SCID 等医疗状况引发了许多问题，但也很难提供简单的答案。
David's entire life was spent inside a plastic isolator bubble to protect him from the germs that his body could not fend off.
大卫的一生都在塑料隔离气泡内度过，以保护他免受身体无法抵御的细菌的侵害。
Doctors explained that if the Vetters had another boy, there was a fifty percent likelihood that he would also be afflicted with SCID.
医生解释说，如果维特夫妇再生一个男孩，他有百分之五十的可能性也会患有 SCID。
Amniocentesis determined that the fetus was indeed male, and the Vetters, devout Catholics, decided to proceed with the pregnancy, albeit with extraordinary measures prepared for the birth.
羊膜穿刺术确定胎儿确实是男性，虔诚的天主教徒维特夫妇决定继续怀孕，尽管为分娩准备了非常措施。
Katherine Vetter was almost four years old when her brother David was born with an immunodeficiency disorder.
凯瑟琳·维特 (Katherine Vetter) 快四岁时，她的弟弟大卫 (David) 出生时患有免疫缺陷病。
The close genetic match between siblings meant that Katherine was David's best hope for a cure at the beginning and at the end of his life.
兄弟姐妹之间紧密的基因匹配意味着凯瑟琳是大卫生命初期和生命终结时治愈的最大希望。
Many people cared about and cared for David Phillip Vetter during his life.
大卫·菲利普·维特生前有很多人关心和照顾他。
He received his medical care at Texas Children's Hospital, part of the Texas Medical Center in Houston and a teaching hospital of Baylor College of Medicine.
他在德克萨斯儿童医院（休斯顿德克萨斯医疗中心的一部分）和贝勒医学院的教学医院接受医疗护理。
Doctors at Texas Children's Hospital told David and Carol Ann Vetter that their second son had a 50/50 chance of being born with the same immunodeficiency that had killed their first son.
德克萨斯儿童医院的医生告诉大卫和卡罗尔·安·维特，他们的第二个儿子有 50/50 的几率出生时患有与导致他们第一个儿子死亡的相同的免疫缺陷。
Caring for any infant or child has its challenges without having to handle him with rubber gloves through a plastic bubble.
照顾任何婴儿或儿童都面临着挑战，而不必戴着橡胶手套穿过塑料泡来处理他。
Nurses practiced diapering and holding a doll for two weeks before David Vetter was born.
在大卫·维特出生之前，护士们花了两周时间练习换尿布和抱娃娃。
He never wore anything but lightweight clothing in his life, but as an infant, the small buttons were difficult to maneuver and his mother, Carol Ann Vetter, sometimes resorted to using the adhesive tabs from a disposable diaper to keep his shirt closed.
他一生中只穿轻便的衣服，但在婴儿时期，小纽扣很难操作，他的母亲卡罗尔·安·维特有时会使用一次性尿布上的粘性标签来固定他的衬衫。
Being kept in an isolator bubble for his health held risks for David Vetter's cognitive development.
由于健康原因，他被隔离在隔离圈中，这对大卫·维特的认知发展构成了风险。
His doctors knew of a recent case involving German twins kept in isolators.
他的医生知道最近发生的一例涉及被隔离在隔离器中的德国双胞胎的病例。
Those boys exhibited evidence of retardation, although some symptoms went away after they were released from their bubbles.
这些男孩表现出发育迟缓的迹象，尽管一些症状在从气泡中释放后消失了。
Many worried that the twins' mental abilities were adversely affected by their time in the bubble.
许多人担心这对双胞胎的智力会因为他们在泡沫中的时间而受到不利影响。
David was watched carefully.
大卫受到仔细的观察。
In 1974 doctors at Texas Children's Hospital caring for David Vetter considered how they might help him experience life beyond the stationary isolator bubbles that protected him from the germs to which he was so susceptible.
1974 年，得克萨斯州儿童医院照顾 David Vetter 的医生考虑如何帮助他体验固定隔离气泡之外的生活，这些隔离气泡保护他免受细菌侵害，而他很容易受到细菌的侵害。
They needed engineers who understood life support systems and synthetic fabrics, who could "dock" the suit with the isolator, and who allowed no margin of error.
他们需要了解生命维持系统和合成纤维的工程师，他们可以将防护服与隔离器“对接”，并且不允许有任何误差。
Luckily, those engineers worked down the road at NASA's Johnson Space Center.
幸运的是，这些工程师在美国宇航局约翰逊航天中心工作。
On October 21, 1983, David Vetter received a bone marrow transplant from his older sister Katherine.
1983 年 10 月 21 日，大卫·维特接受了姐姐凯瑟琳的骨髓移植手术。
Unfortunately, Katherine's marrow was not an exact match for David's.
不幸的是，凯瑟琳的骨髓与大卫的并不完全匹配。
David Phillip Vetter, the "Bubble Boy," left a deep mark on a world he visited only briefly.
“泡泡男孩”大卫·菲利普·维特在他短暂访问过的世界上留下了深刻的印记。
David's life contributed to scientific understandings and treatments of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the disease that kept him in the bubble.
大卫的一生为对严重联合免疫缺陷 (SCID) 的科学理解和治疗作出了贡献，这种疾病让他一直处于泡沫之中。
See pictures of David and his special suit
查看大卫和他的特殊套装的照片