The Bombing of Wall Street
Narrator: It was, as one newspaper noted, a diabolical act “unparalleled in the annals of terrorism.” On September 16, 1920, as the bells of Trinity Church tolled and hundreds of Wall Street as workers headed out for their noontime break, an explosion struck outside the headquarters of J.P.
旁白：正如一家报纸所指出的那样，这是“恐怖主义史上无与伦比的”邪恶行为。 1920 年 9 月 16 日，当三一教堂的钟声响起，数百名华尔街工人正准备午休时，J.P. 总部外发生了爆炸。
Morgan and Company—the world’s most powerful banking institution.
摩根公司——世界上最强大的银行机构。
Bruce Watson Writer: The bomb broke windows.
布鲁斯·沃森 编剧：炸弹打破了窗户。
It knocked trolley cars off their tracks two blocks away.
两个街区外的有轨电车被撞离轨道。
It ignited curtains 12 stories in the air.
它点燃了12层楼高的空中窗帘。
It was just a savage, horrifying thing.
这只是一件野蛮而可怕的事情。
Beverly Gage, Author, The Day Wall Street Exploded : People fled their places of work gage and they saw basically a war zone.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），《华尔街爆炸之日》作者：人们逃离了工作场所，他们看到的基本上是一个战区。
James Green, Historian: This was an attack on civilians just for the sole purpose of creating terror.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：这是一次针对平民的袭击，其唯一目的是制造恐怖。
Narrator: The blast left 38 dead and hundreds more seriously injured.
旁白：爆炸造成 38 人死亡，数百人重伤。
Striking at the heart of the nation’s financial center, many wondered if this was the spectacular blow against capitalism that radical agitators had so long discussed.
许多人想知道这是否是激进煽动者长期以来讨论的对资本主义的巨大打击。
Beverly Gage, Author: The corner of Wall and Broad Streets represented the fusion of American capitalism with American government.
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：华尔街和布罗德街的拐角代表了美国资本主义与美国政府的融合。
You could target them both at once.
你可以同时瞄准他们两个。
Steve Fraser, Historian: To target it is to say, “We are taking on the citadel of American capitalism.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽（Steve Fraser）：瞄准它就是说，“我们正在攻占美国资本主义的堡垒。
We, we loathe it.
我们，我们讨厌它。
We wanna overthrow it.
我们想推翻它。
Narrator: Financial centers around the country went on high alert, and he head of the Morgan Bank sent guards to his family’s Madison Avenue residence.
旁白：全国各地的金融中心都处于高度戒备状态，摩根银行行长他派警卫到他家位于麦迪逊大道的住所。
As federal troops arrived to protect the nearby US Sub-Treasury building, investigators sifted through the rubble for clues.
当联邦军队抵达保护附近的美国财政部大楼时，调查人员在废墟中搜寻线索。
James Green, Historian: It’s not at all clear who…
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：目前还不清楚是谁……
might be responsible.
可能要负责。
So many people out there had a grudge against Wall Street that people wondered, “Well, it could be any, any one of these forces.
很多人对华尔街怀有怨恨，以至于人们想知道，“嗯，这可能是这些力量中的任何一种。
And that increased the anxiety even more.”
这更加增加了焦虑。”
Narrator: Attorney General A.
旁白：司法部长A.
Mitchell Palmer arrived on the scene and told reporters the explosion on Wall Street was the terrorist attack he had warned Americans about.
米切尔·帕尔默赶到现场，告诉记者，华尔街的爆炸事件是他曾向美国人发出警告的恐怖袭击。
For more than a year, in the tumultuous aftermath of World War I, he had been at the center of a bitter national debate about how far the government should go to protect the nation from acts of political violence.
一年多来，在第一次世界大战的动荡余波中，他一直处于一场激烈的全国辩论的中心，这场辩论的主题是政府应该采取何种措施来保护国家免受政治暴力行为的侵害。
Palmer pointed to the carnage on Wall Street as proof of the need for renewing aggressive action.
帕尔默指出，华尔街的大屠杀证明需要采取新的激进行动。
Beverly Gage, Author: It’s easy to think about terrorism as this frightening plague of the early 21st century.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：人们很容易将恐怖主义视为 21 世纪初的可怕瘟疫。
The Wall Street bombing suggests that it actually has a much longer and deeper history.
华尔街爆炸事件表明，它实际上有着更悠久、更深厚的历史。
How widespread government surveillance ought to be, what kinds of policies are justified in containing a threat.
政府监控应该有多广泛，什么样的政策在遏制威胁方面是合理的。
Those questions were being opening asked in 1920.
这些问题是在 1920 年提出的。
Narrator: In January 1919, ships carrying thousands of soldiers home from World War I sailed into New York Harbor.
旁白：1919 年 1 月，载着数千名第一次世界大战士兵回国的船只驶入纽约港。
Filled with hopes for a better future, the troops were greeted by cheering crowds eager to leave behind the horrors of a brutal war that had left sixteen million dead.
军队满怀对更美好未来的希望，受到了欢呼雀跃的人群的欢迎，他们渴望摆脱这场导致 1600 万人死亡的残酷战争的恐怖。
Returning soldiers had reason to feel optimistic about the economic opportunities ahead.
回国的士兵有理由对未来的经济机会感到乐观。
Corporate profits had tripled and stock prices had boomed during the war, helping to create forty-two thousand new millionaires.
战争期间，企业利润增加了两倍，股票价格飙升，创造了四万两千名新的百万富翁。
Beverly Gage, Author: World War I really was a watershed moment in terms of the American economy, The United States, for the first time, is a creditor nation so Europe owes the United States more money than the United States owes to Europe.
作者贝弗利·盖奇：第一次世界大战确实是美国经济的分水岭，美国第一次成为债权国，因此欧洲欠美国的钱比美国欠欧洲的钱还要多。
This is a big coming-of-age moment.
这是一个重要的成年时刻。
Narrator: Profitable though it proved to be, the war created economic and political divisions that threatened to derail dreams of postwar peace and prosperity.
旁白：尽管战争被证明是有利可图的，但它造成了经济和政治分歧，有可能破坏战后和平与繁荣的梦想。
Steve Fraser, Historian: While the American economy in general benefited from the war, the chief beneficiary was the financial establishment centered in New York.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：虽然美国经济总体上受益于战争，但主要受益者是以纽约为中心的金融机构。
James Green, Historian: There was some pent up frustration about the fortunes that had been accumulated during the war.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：对于战争期间积累的财富，人们有一些压抑已久的挫败感。
There was this sense that it was a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.
人们感觉这是一场富人的战争和穷人的战争。
There was also the bitter legacy of the repression that occurred under the Sedition Act and the Espionage Act.
还有根据《煽动叛乱法》和《间谍法》进行的镇压留下的痛苦遗产。
Narrator: Shortly after American entry into World War I, President Wilson had signed espionage and sedition laws which made it a federal crime to speak out against the government or the war.
旁白：美国加入第一次世界大战后不久，威尔逊总统签署了间谍和煽动叛乱法，将公开反对政府或战争定为联邦犯罪。
The legislation was an unprecedented regulation of free speech that sent thousands to jail, and fostered an atmosphere of suspicion.
这项立法是对言论自由的前所未有的监管，导致数千人入狱，并营造了一种怀疑的氛围。
Charles McCormick, Historian: [Americans [were] schooled throughout the entire war in being afraid of things, in being afraid of foreigners, in being afraid of German spies, in being afraid of anyone who wasn’t sort of like the majority, which was essentially white Anglo-Saxon and Protestant.
历史学家查尔斯·麦考密克：[美国人在整个战争期间接受的教育是害怕事物，害怕外国人，害怕德国间谍，害怕任何与大多数人不同的人，这些人基本上是白人盎格鲁撒克逊人和新教徒。
Bruce Watson, Writer : The President, spoke against hyphenated Americans.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），作家：总统发表了反对连字符美国人的言论。
You shouldn’t call yourself German-Americans, or any other type of hyphenated American.
你不应该称自己为德裔美国人，或任何其他类型的连字符美国人。
the war really ratcheted up that sense of, of American patriotism—jingoism, if you wanna call it that
战争确实增强了美国爱国主义的感觉——沙文主义，如果你想这么称呼它的话
Narrator: By early 1919, Americans conditioned to fear Germans were focusing their anxieties on a new global threat: Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik revolutionaries who had seized power in Russia to form a communist state.
旁白：到 1919 年初，美国人习惯于担心德国人将他们的焦虑集中在新的全球威胁上：弗拉基米尔·列宁和在俄罗斯夺取政权并建立共产主义国家的布尔什维克革命者。
Beverly Gage, Author: The Bolshevik Revolution was the world’s first successful anti-capitalist revolution in which it appeared that the working class had risen up, and overthrown its masters, and put something very, very different in its place.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：布尔什维克革命是世界上第一次成功的反资本主义革命，在这场革命中，工人阶级似乎站了起来，推翻了自己的主人，并取而代之的是非常非常不同的东西。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: it was much bigger than something that happened in Russia.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：这比俄罗斯发生的事情要大得多。
It was…
这是……
followed by a series of Left Wing uprisings right after World War I in Germany, in Hungary, in Italy, in Argentina, in other countries around the world.
第一次世界大战结束后，德国、匈牙利、意大利、阿根廷以及世界其他国家发生了一系列左翼起义。
For that moment in 1919 the world was really in play.
1919 年的那一刻，世界真正陷入了困境。
These countries were in play.
这些国家都在发挥作用。
Beverly Gage, Author: Lenin comes out and says, “We want the workers to take over the world.” And you begin to see glimmers of this happening in the United States.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：列宁出来说：“我们希望工人接管世界。”你开始看到这种情况在美国发生的曙光。
Narrator: On February 5, 1919 Seattle’s mayor Ole Hanson sent an urgent message to the US Secretary of War: the entire city of Seattle was about to be shut down in the first general labor strike in U.S. history.
旁白：1919年2月5日，西雅图市长奥勒·汉森向美国战争部长发出紧急信息：西雅图全市即将被关闭，这是美国历史上第一次总罢工。
Narrator: The strike began two weeks earlier.
旁白：罢工是两周前开始的。
Thirty-five thousand shipyard workers had walked off the job demanding higher wages to cope with rising living costs.
三万五千名造船厂工人罢工，要求提高工资，以应对不断上涨的生活成本。
James Green, Historian: From the point of view of workers this was their time, they had sacrificed so much for the war, including their wages and they had seen their employers’ gain when they fell behind.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：从工人们的角度来看，这是他们的时代，他们为战争牺牲了很多，包括他们的工资，当他们落后时，他们看到了雇主的收获。
Narrator: In an unprecedented show of solidarity twenty-five thousand workers from other unions joined the walkout.
旁白：来自其他工会的两万五千名工人参加了罢工，这是前所未有的团结表现。
Bruce Watson Writer: The entire city was shut down for a few days.
布鲁斯·沃森 编剧：整个城市被封锁了几天。
The trolleys did not run.
手推车没有运行。
Other industries did not show up to work, etc., and of course this really alarmed the powers that be.
其他行业没有上班等等，这当然让当权者感到震惊。
James Green, Historian: It raised a specter of what organized labor could accomplish and it was scary to a lot of people.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林（James Green）：它引发了人们对有组织的劳工能够实现什么成就的担忧，这让很多人感到恐惧。
Narrator: In the weeks leading up to the strike, pamphlets about the Russian revolution circulated widely among Seattle’s workers.
旁白：在罢工前的几周里，有关俄罗斯革命的小册子在西雅图的工人中广泛流传。
“The Russians have shown you the way out,” they read.
“俄罗斯人已经为你指明了出路，”他们写道。
“What are you going to do about it?”
“你打算怎么办？”
The strike was peaceful and orderly, but Mayor Hanson, viewed it as the opening shot in an attempted Communist revolution.
罢工是和平有序的，但汉森市长将其视为共产主义革命企图的开枪。
Seattle’s residents braced for civil war, and a local newspaper blamed the “riff raff of Europe” among the workers for starting it.
西雅图的居民为内战做好了准备，当地一家报纸指责工人中的“欧洲流氓”挑起了内战。
Narrator: Hanson threatened martial law then summoned federal troops to end the strike less than a week after it began.
旁白：汉森威胁实施戒严，然后在罢工开始不到一周后就召集联邦军队结束罢工。
"The time has come," he said, "for the people in Seattle to show their Americanism.”
他说：“西雅图人民展现美国精神的时候到了。”
Hanson became a minor celebrity for his strong stand.
汉森因其坚定的立场而小有名气。
He soon embarked on a lucrative national speaking tour to warn of the foreign agitators threatening the nation.
他很快开始了一次利润丰厚的全国巡回演讲，警告外国煽动者威胁国家。
His speeches stoked fear among those already unsettled by the strikes rippling across the country.
他的讲话激起了那些已经因全国范围内的罢工而感到不安的人们的恐惧。
Almost four million men and women, would join the picket line in the coming year—an average of over 200 strikes a month—threatening to shut down the nation’s vital industries.
明年将有近 400 万男女加入纠察队——平均每月举行 200 多次罢工——威胁要关闭国家重要工业。
Beverly Gage, Author: You see a really wide range of demands, and you also see a new kind of revolutionary language taking hold.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：你看到了非常广泛的需求，你也看到了一种新的革命性语言正在占据主导地位。
James Green, Historian: Workers were questioning the validity of private ownership of industry.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：工人们质疑工业私有制的有效性。
“Let’s let the government keep running the railroads.
“让政府继续运营铁路吧。
Let’s nationalize the mines.
让我们将矿山国有化。
And it really frightens people in the context of believing that somebody might be manipulating them.
当人们相信有人可能在操纵他们时，这确实让人们感到害怕。
Narrator: In the wake of the Seattle strike, Congress opened hearings on the communist threat.
旁白：西雅图罢工后，国会就共产主义威胁召开了听证会。
They debated laws banning immigration and revolutionary speech.
他们讨论了禁止移民的法律和革命言论。
And then waited to see if the Justice department would take any action.
然后等着看司法部是否会采取任何行动。
The new Attorney General A.
新任总检察长 A.
Mitchell Palmer didn’t want mounting hysteria about the red threat to set his course at the Justice Department.
米切尔·帕尔默（Mitchell Palmer）不希望人们对红色威胁越来越歇斯底里，从而决定他在司法部的路线。
The former Pennsylvania congressman was more interested in promoting the progressive ideals on which he’d built his political career.
这位前宾夕法尼亚州国会议员更感兴趣的是促进他赖以建立政治生涯的进步理想。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: He was a Democrat on the liberal fringe of the party.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：他是党内自由派边缘的民主党人。
When he was in Congress he introduced legislation to give women the right to vote, to end child labor, to support labor unions.
当他在国会任职时，他提出了立法，赋予妇女投票权、终止童工、支持工会。
Wilson appointed him Attorney General not to impose any kind of crackdown against radicals but because he would be helpful in defusing the tensions that existed during the war.
威尔逊任命他为总检察长，并不是为了对激进分子进行任何形式的镇压，而是因为他将有助于缓解战争期间存在的紧张局势。
Narrator: Some of the President’s closest advisors dismissed Palmer as a political opportunist with an eye on the oval office.
旁白：总统的一些最亲密的顾问认为帕尔默是一个关注椭圆形办公室的政治机会主义者。
Wilson considered him a loyal ally.
威尔逊认为他是忠实的盟友。
In his first term, he offered Palmer the job of Secretary of War.
在他的第一个任期内，他向帕尔默提供了战争部长的职位。
Palmer turned him down, claiming it would violate his religious principles as a Quaker.
帕尔默拒绝了他，声称这违反了他作为贵格会教徒的宗教原则。
He later served the war effort by overseeing the seizure and sale of German-owned assets in America.
后来，他通过监督扣押和出售德国在美国拥有的资产来为战争服务。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: He, he had a very good talent for making headlines.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：他，他很有上头条的天赋。
It threw him in the limelight and by the end of the war he was a real celebrity.
这使他成为众人瞩目的焦点，到战争结束时他已成为真正的名人。
Beverly Gage, Author: He acquired a nickname, “The Fighting Quaker,” because he was fighting on behalf of America and that was sort of how he was known at the moment that he became Attorney General.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：他获得了“战斗贵格会”的绰号，因为他代表美国而战，这就是他成为司法部长时的知名度。
Narrator: In his first weeks on the job, Palmer signaled a shift from the repressive wartime policies of his predecessor.
旁白：在上任的头几周，帕尔默就发出了要改变前任战时压制政策的信号。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: Some of the first things he did were to free about 50 people who had been jailed under the Espionage Act.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：他做的第一件事就是释放了大约 50 名根据《间谍法》入狱的人。
He disbanded the American Protective League, which was a vigilante group created during the war to crack down on slackers and spies.
他解散了美国保护联盟，这是一个在战争期间成立的治安维持会，旨在打击偷懒者和间谍。
So everything had him acting as a moderating influence.
所以一切都让他起到了调节作用。
Narrator: Investigators were impressed by the bomb’s cunning design—a wooden tube filed with an acid detonator and dynamite.
旁白：调查人员对炸弹的巧妙设计印象深刻——一根装有酸雷管和炸药的木管。
Narrator: Concealed in a gift box, the bomb arrived at the office of Seattle’s Mayor Ole Hanson in late April 1919.
旁白：炸弹藏在一个礼品盒中，于 1919 年 4 月下旬抵达西雅图市长 Ole Hanson 的办公室。
An aide to Hanson opened the package, but it failed to detonate.
汉森的一名助手打开了包裹，但未能引爆。
An identical box delivered to the Georgia home of a former US Senator blew off the hands of the maid who opened it.
一个一模一样的盒子被送到美国前参议员佐治亚州的家中，打开它的女仆的手被炸掉了。
In the coming days, federal investigators would discover 28 more bombs making their way through the US mail, all timed to arrive on May Day, the international day of solidarity for radical political groups.
在接下来的几天里，联邦调查人员将在美国邮件中发现另外 28 枚炸弹，这些炸弹都将在“五一节”这一国际激进政治团体团结日送达。
The intended recipients included six Congressman, three cabinet members, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the nation’s preeminent banker J.P.
预定的获奖者包括六名国会议员、三名内阁成员、最高法院法官奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯和美国杰出的银行家 J.P.
Morgan, Jr.
小摩根
Bruce Watson Writer: The targets were very, very prominent capitalists, and others who had specifically targeted radicals.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson）作家：目标是非常非常著名的资本家，以及其他专门针对激进分子的人。
It was a sinister, and very well-planned plot.
这是一个险恶且精心策划的阴谋。
Narrator: One of the packages was addressed to Attorney General A.
旁白：其中一个包裹是寄给司法部长 A.
Mitchell Palmer.
米切尔·帕尔默。
Beverly Gage, Author: this is an enormous scare and people begin to think, “Is there an organized conspiracy for revolution in the United States and are there more bombs on the way?”
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：这是一个巨大的恐慌，人们开始思考，“美国是否存在有组织的革命阴谋，是否有更多的炸弹即将到来？”
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: [IT] gave the im-impression to, to the country that the radical fringe was escalating the violence to an unacceptable level.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：[IT] 给这个国家留下了这样的印象：激进分子正在将暴力升级到不可接受的程度。
Although most of the bombs never reached their destination, newspapers urged Americans to call police before opening any suspicious packages.
尽管大多数炸弹从未到达目的地，但报纸敦促美国人在打开任何可疑包裹之前先报警。
Citizens already on edge lashed out.
已经处于边缘的公民猛烈抨击。
Narrator: Riots erupted when mobs attacked May Day rallies in cities across the country.
旁白：暴民袭击全国各城市的五一集会，引发骚乱。
Ole Hanson went on the offensive, criticizing Palmer for his “weak” response to the threat at hand.
奥尔·汉森继续进攻，批评帕尔默对当前威胁的反应“软弱”。
“I hope Washington will buck up and hang or incarcerate for life all the anarchists in the country,” he told crowds.
他对人群说：“我希望华盛顿能够振作起来，绞死或终身监禁该国所有无政府主义者。”
Palmer held firm.
帕尔默态度坚定。
He pledged he would treat the mail bombs as a criminal investigation and no more.
他承诺将把邮件炸弹事件视为刑事调查，而不是更多。
He ordered the Justice Department’s Bureau of Investigation to draw up a list of suspects, then left the case in the hands of the post office inspectors.
他命令司法部调查局列出一份嫌疑人名单，然后将案件交给邮局检查员处理。
Palmer wouldn’t be able to remain on the sidelines for long.
帕尔默不可能长期袖手旁观。
Beverly Gage, Author: We tend to think of the late 19th and 20th century as being a kind of triumphal age.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：我们倾向于认为 19 世纪末和 20 世纪是一个胜利的时代。
What’s emerging during this period are whole new sets of ideas about what’s wrong with capitalism.
这一时期出现的是关于资本主义问题的全新想法。
Some of that came out of the organized labor movement.
其中一些来自有组织的劳工运动。
Some of it came even further to the Left, groups like anarchists and Socialists who really did think that capitalism needed to be overthrown, done away with all together.
其中一些甚至更进一步向左派倾斜，像无政府主义者和社会主义者这样的团体确实认为资本主义需要被推翻，一起废除。
Steve Fraser, Historian: people were deeply anti-capitalist because it had destroyed lives of all kinds.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽（Steve Fraser）：人们强烈反对资本主义，因为它摧毁了各种生活。
Capitalism is a kind of curse, and the people therefore who run it are seen as bestial, as depraved, as inhuman, as consonantly greedy.
资本主义是一种诅咒，因此统治它的人们被视为兽性、堕落、不人道、贪婪。
Narrator: Since the early 1900’s, labor and revolutionary groups had argued about how best to challenge the economic inequities of capitalism---whether change would come through votes or violence.
旁白：自 1900 年代初以来，劳工和革命团体一直在争论如何最好地挑战资本主义的经济不平等——变革是通过投票还是暴力来实现。
Beverly Gage, Author: there’s a huge range of opinion about whether revolution is gonna be something that comes in people’s hearts and minds, or whether you’re literally talking about an armed uprising.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作家：对于革命是否会进入人们的内心和思想，或者你是否真的在谈论武装起义，有很多不同的观点。
You see lots of people saying.
你看很多人都这么说。
What democracy means is that you can run candidates for office.
民主意味着你可以竞选公职候选人。
That is how you make change.
这就是你做出改变的方式。
And then you have a small number of people who say terrorism is a useful tool in this whole story.
然后有少数人说恐怖主义是整个故事中的一个有用工具。
Narrator: Anarchists had been among the first to advocate dramatic acts of violence as a political weapon.
旁白：无政府主义者是最早提倡将戏剧性的暴力行为作为政治武器的人之一。
Bruce Watson Writer: anarchism has many different branches.
布鲁斯·沃森 作家：无政府主义有许多不同的分支。
Again, there were the pacifists.
和平主义者再次出现。
There were the syndicalists, there were others.
有工团主义者，也有其他人。
And among them were a group of people who believed in what was called the “propaganda of the deed,” and the deed was violence.
其中有一群人相信所谓的“行动宣传”，而行动就是暴力。
Narrator: One of the most prominent proponents of propaganda by deed was a charismatic Italian anarchist named Luigi Galleani.
旁白：行动宣传最杰出的支持者之一是一位富有魅力的意大利无政府主义者，名叫路易吉·加莱尼 (Luigi Galleani)。
His followers numbered in the thousands, the vast majority of them immigrant manual laborers.
他的追随者有数千人，其中绝大多数是移民体力劳动者。
Bruce Watson Writer: He was amazingly eloquent, and he spoke to groups of people in, in gatherings in labor groups, and, and Italian enclaves all throughout the East Coast.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson）作家：他的口才非常出色，他在东海岸各地的劳工团体和意大利飞地的集会上向一群人发表了演讲。
And he wrote books as well.
他也写书。
One of his books was called La Salute e in Voi, which in Italian means, “The Health is Within You,” which sounds like a nice peaceful thing.
他的一本书名叫《La Salute e in Voi》，在意大利语中的意思是“健康就在你之内”，这听起来像是一件美好而平静的事情。
It’s actually a dynamiting manual and how to use dynamite effectively.
它实际上是一本炸药手册以及如何有效使用炸药。
Narrator: For more than a decade, Galleani had published an Italian language weekly called Cronaca Sovversiva – Subversive Chronicle—which attacked the state and private property owners.
旁白：十多年来，加莱尼出版了一份名为《Cronaca Sovversiva》（颠覆纪事）的意大利语周刊，攻击国有和私人财产所有者。
Galleani’s feelings about the government were clear.
加莱尼对政府的感情是显而易见的。
“Overthrow it,” he wrote “make the country free forever with the triumph of true democracy made by Americans, not by Wall Street.”
“推翻它，”他写道，“通过美国人而不是华尔街创造的真正民主的胜利，让这个国家永远自由。”
Bruce Watson Writer: It was a truly incendiary rag.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson）编剧：这真是一块具有煽动性的抹布。
The Bureau of Investigation discovered this…
调查局发现了这一点……
publication during World War I and quickly put it on the banned list of periodicals.
第一次世界大战期间出版，并很快将其列入禁刊名单。
The Bureau confiscated lists of subscribers and immediately targeted all of them as radicals to be watched.
该局没收了订户名单，并立即将他们全部列为需要监视的激进分子。
Narrator: Bureau agents also raided Galleani’s home, gathering evidence that immigration authorities would use to deport him in June 1919.
旁白：调查局特工还突击搜查了加莱尼的家，收集了移民当局在 1919 年 6 月将他驱逐出境的证据。
As he prepared to leave the country Galleani urged his followers to seek revenge against the tyrannical federal government.
当他准备离开这个国家时，加莱尼敦促他的追随者向残暴的联邦政府报仇。
Shortly after 11:00 pm on June 2, just a month after the May Day plot, police arriving at the Washington DC home of A.
6 月 2 日晚上 11:00 过后不久，即“五一节”阴谋发生一个月后，警方抵达 A.
Mitchell Palmer encountered a disturbing scene: a bomb had exploded on the attorney general’s doorstep-- detonating prematurely as the bomber was delivering the device.
米切尔·帕尔默遇到了令人不安的场景：一枚炸弹在司法部长的家门口爆炸——在炸弹袭击者运送装置时过早引爆。
Bruce Watson Writer: It was really just a…
布鲁斯·沃森 编剧：这真的只是一个……
huge, mind-ripping explosion.
巨大的、令人心碎的爆炸。
They saw the remains of this man blown all over the neighborhood.
他们看到这个人的遗体被炸得周围到处都是。
There were pieces of-, there were limbs, and blood on the trees, And it was just a shocking violation.
树上有碎片、肢体和血迹，这真是令人震惊的侵犯。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: A few minutes earlier he and his wife had been sitting in the library downstairs.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：几分钟前，他和妻子还坐在楼下的图书馆里。
If they had waited a few minutes longer before going upstairs they would’ve been dead.
如果他们再等几分钟再上楼的话，他们就已经死了。
Narrator: Palmer soon learned of midnight bombings in six other cities, most at the homes of anti-radical judges and legislators.
旁白：帕尔默很快了解到其他六个城市也发生了午夜爆炸事件，其中大部分发生在反激进法官和立法者的家中。
Beverly Gage, Author: unlike the May Day bombs, which conceivably could’ve all been put together and mailed by a single person, it’s quite clear that there’s no single person who could have set off bombs in Washington, and Boston, and New York, and several other cities at the same time.
作者贝弗利·盖奇：与“五一节”炸弹不同的是，可以想象，五一节炸弹可能是由一个人组装起来并邮寄的，很明显，没有一个人可以同时在华盛顿、波士顿、纽约和其他几个城市引爆炸弹。
So it’s clear that there is some sort of organized conspiracy.
因此，很明显，存在某种有组织的阴谋。
Narrator: Found among the wreckage of Palmer’s home was a flyer promising more violence.
旁白：在帕尔默家的废墟中发现了一张承诺更多暴力的传单。
Bruce Watson Writer: The flyer was a masterpiece of rage and eloquent militance.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson） 编剧：这封传单是一部充满愤怒和雄辩斗志的杰作。
It brooked no, no uncertainty at all about what was coming.
它不能容忍对即将发生的事情有任何不确定性。
It said, “There will have to be murder.
它说：“一定会有谋杀。
We will kill.
我们会杀人。
It said the powers that be had provoked this.
它说这是当权者挑起的。
It ended with, “Long live the revolution,” and it was signed, “Anarchist Fighters.”
它的结尾是“革命万岁”，署名是“无政府主义战士”。
Beverly Gage, Author: you can imagine it terrified [PALMER] and in some sense it actually radicalized him on the question of, “What are we going to do about people who are advocating revolution in the United States.”
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：你可以想象这让[帕尔默]感到害怕，从某种意义上说，这实际上使他在“我们该如何对待那些在美国鼓吹革命的人”这个问题上变得激进。
Narrator: The evidence scattered across Palmer’s lawn pointed to Galleani’s followers.
旁白：散落在帕尔默草坪上的证据指向加莱尼的追随者。
But Palmer didn’t limit his next move to hunting down the bombers.
但帕尔默的下一步行动并没有局限于追捕轰炸机。
He used the June attack to launch a broader campaign against all revolutionary organizations.
他利用六月的袭击发起了一场针对所有革命组织的更广泛的运动。
Narrator: Warning the next attack could come within weeks, Palmer told Congress what he needed to prevent it: emergency funding for the Justice Department to investigate and deport what he described as the “alien troublemakers” threatening to overthrow the government.
旁白：帕尔默警告下一次袭击可能在几周内发生，他告诉国会他需要采取什么措施来防止袭击：为司法部提供紧急资金，以调查和驱逐他所说的威胁推翻政府的“外来麻烦制造者”。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: What they decided to do was not to wait for another violent outbreak but to launch something of a preemptive strike to try to get as many radicals as they could off the streets and to the extent they could out of the country.
作家肯尼思·阿克曼：他们决定不等待另一次暴力爆发，而是发动先发制人的罢工，试图让尽可能多的激进分子离开街头，并尽可能地离开这个国家。
Narrator: Palmer created a new domestic intelligence unit within the Bureau of Investigation to keep tabs on potential threats.
旁白：帕尔默在调查局内设立了一个新的国内情报部门，以密切关注潜在威胁。
Beverly Gage, Author: this was a transformative moment.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：这是一个变革的时刻。
You had never had the federal government coming forth in quite such a concerted way to say, “We’re going to keep track of political movement, political groups, radical organizations within the United States during time of peace because they actually pose a threat to the national order.”
联邦政府从来没有以如此一致的方式站出来说：“我们将在和平时期跟踪美国境内的政治运动、政治团体和激进组织，因为它们实际上对国家秩序构成了威胁。”
Palmer’s choice to run the new unit was an ambitious 24-year old justice department lawyer named J.
帕尔默选择了一位雄心勃勃的 24 岁司法部律师 J. 来管理这个新部门。
Edgar Hoover.
埃德加·胡佛.
Charles McCormick, Historian: He was a bright young man, who stuck to the rules, much committed to Protestantism, and he was very good at organizing.
查尔斯·麦考密克，历史学家：他是一个聪明的年轻人，遵守规则，热衷于新教，而且非常善于组织。
Hoover read everything he could get his hands on on the Communists, and became firmly convinced that they were the greatest threat that existed.
胡佛阅读了他能得到的有关共产党的所有资料，并坚信他们是现存的最大威胁。
Narrator: Hoover had put himself through law school by working as a clerk at the Library of Congress, mastering its complex classification system.
旁白：胡佛通过在国会图书馆担任职员完成了法学院的学业，掌握了其复杂的分类系统。
He began his legal career identifying politically suspect foreigners during World War I.
他在第一次世界大战期间开始了他的法律职业生涯，识别政治可疑的外国人。
Beverly Gage, Author: He takes what he’s learned at the Library of Congress, he takes what he learned processing Germans during the war, and he sets up what is effectively the first really mass, peacetime political surveillance filing system in the United States
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作家：他利用了在国会图书馆学到的知识，利用了在战争期间处理德国人的知识，并建立了美国第一个真正大规模的和平时期政治监视归档系统
Narrator: Hoover built his database from a vast array of sources, including military intelligence, postmasters, and private detectives.
旁白：胡佛从广泛的来源建立了他的数据库，包括军事情报、邮政局长和私家侦探。
He hired translators to monitor radical publications and planted undercover informants inside labor unions.
他聘请翻译来监视激进出版物，并在工会内部安插卧底线人。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: He was setting up a system to keep track literally of every identified radical in the country, who they talked to, where they lived, what organizations they belonged to.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：他正在建立一个系统来跟踪该国每一个已识别的激进分子，他们与谁交谈，他们住在哪里，他们属于什么组织。
Beverly Gage, Author: You didn’t need very much to become a target of the Bureau of Investigation.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：你不需要太多就能成为调查局的目标。
All you had to do was show up in the orbit of some kind of radical or labor demonstration, or criticize the Justice Department.
你所要做的就是出现在某种激进或劳工示威的轨道上，或者批评司法部。
In its first year of operation, the Division would amass more than 200,000 files on radical activities.
在其运作的第一年，该部门就收集了超过 200,000 份有关激进活动的档案。
Narrator: The Justice Department’s careful preparation did little to ease the fears of Americans who saw revolution in the labor unrest sweeping the country.
旁白：司法部的精心准备并没有缓解美国人的恐惧，他们目睹了席卷全国的劳工骚乱中的革命。
In September, just weeks after the formation of the first American Communist parties, steelworkers nationwide walked off the job.
9月，就在美国第一个共产党成立几周后，全国钢铁工人纷纷罢工。
Coal and railway workers also threatened a shutdown.
煤炭和铁路工人也威胁要停工。
The walkout of three-fourths of the police department in Boston threw the city into chaos.
波士顿四分之三警察局的罢工使这座城市陷入混乱。
James Green, Historian: They were branded as Bolsheviks because it was inconceivable that they could have done this on their own.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：他们被贴上布尔什维克的标签，因为他们无法独自做到这一点。
Steve Fraser, Historian: Everything feeds this kind of atmosphere of hysteria that agitators, Red agitators are stirring up people to engage in this kind of social disorder, this kind of violent behavior so people feel they’re living on the edge
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：一切都助长了这种歇斯底里的气氛，煽动者、红色煽动者煽动人们参与这种社会混乱、这种暴力行为，让人们感觉自己生活在边缘
Letters calling for government action flooded Congress.
呼吁政府采取行动的信件充斥着国会。
Senators demanded Palmer explain why he had not yet taken action against those attempting to “bring about the forcible overthrow of the government.”
参议员们要求帕尔默解释为什么他还没有对那些试图“强行推翻政府”的人采取行动。
Narrator: On November 7, 1919, Palmer silenced his critics.
旁白：1919 年 11 月 7 日，帕尔默让批评者噤声。
He launched a raid on the second anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution to send a message that America was fighting back against communist influence.
他在布尔什维克革命两周年之际发起了一次突袭，以传达美国正在反击共产主义影响的信息。
With Hoover serving as the point man in Washington, agents arrested several hundred members of a group he had been monitoring---the Union of Russian Workers.
胡佛担任华盛顿的核心人物，特工逮捕了他一直监视的俄罗斯工人联盟的数百名成员。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: They invited the press to be there to watch…
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：他们邀请媒体到场观看……
it was a quite violent affair designed as much for political effect and for theater as, as well as actual breaking up of the, of these radical organizations
这是一场相当暴力的事件，其目的既是为了政治效果，也是为了戏剧性，也是为了真正瓦解这些激进组织。
Narrator: Hoover commandeered an army transport ship to carry 249 detainees back to Russia.
旁白：胡佛征用一艘陆军运输船将249名被拘留者运回俄罗斯。
In a headline-grabbing move he included two of the nation’s most notorious anarchists, Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.
在这一引人注目的举动中，他邀请了美国两位最臭名昭著的无政府主义者艾玛·戈德曼（Emma Goldman）和亚历山大·伯克曼（Alexander Berkman）。
Their celebrity overshadowed the fact that most of the detainees had never been part of a criminal or terrorist act.
他们的名声掩盖了大多数被拘留者从未参与过犯罪或恐怖行为的事实。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: you could call it a publicity stunt but it was a very major action.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：你可以称其为宣传噱头，但这是一次非常重大的行动。
They sent the Russians back where they belong.
他们把俄罗斯人送回了属于他们的地方。
That’s how it was portrayed.
这就是它被描绘的方式。
Bruce Watson, Writer: The Palmer Raids, for all their terror were really cathartic in the sense that it sort of made most Americans think, “Well, we’ve handled those people and we’re not gonna hear much from them anymore.”
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson），作家：帕尔默袭击事件确实是一种宣泄，因为它让大多数美国人认为，“好吧，我们已经处理了这些人，我们不会再听到他们的消息了。”
As the deportees left New York Harbor on December 21st, reporters claimed their shouts of “long live the revolution in America” could be heard on shore.
12月21日，当这些被驱逐者离开纽约港时，记者声称岸上可以听到他们“美国革命万岁”的呼喊声。
Newspapers celebrated Palmer for taking action.
报纸赞扬帕尔默采取的行动。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: Palmer was viewed as a strong leader, who in the midst of chaos was taking, drawing a firm line.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：帕尔默被视为一位强有力的领导者，他在混乱中采取了坚定的立场。
He recognized this as a boon and he very shortly would start organizing a campaign for President of the United States.
他认为这是一个福音，很快他就开始组织美国总统竞选活动。
Narrator: Promising “no let up,” the Attorney General authorized Hoover to move forward with plans for a massive raid just after the New Year.
旁白：司法部长承诺“不松懈”，授权胡佛在新年后推进大规模突袭计划。
On the night of January 2, 1920, Palmer’s agents struck simultaneously in 33 cities across the country.
1920年1月2日晚，帕尔默的特工在全国33个城市同时发动袭击。
Raiding parties swept through meeting halls and private homes, arresting everyone in sight.
突击队席卷了会议厅和私人住宅，逮捕了视线范围内的所有人。
They seized nearly five thousand people for deportation—many were American citizens and didn’t even belong to any of the targeted radical groups.
他们逮捕了近五千人并准备驱逐——其中许多人是美国公民，甚至不属于任何目标激进组织。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: Hoover was receiving telegrams, and phone calls, and messages by the hundreds.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：胡佛收到了数百封电报、电话和消息。
Every time there was a legal question a logistical problem, it would first go to Hoover.
每次出现法律问题或后勤问题时，都会首先向胡佛求助。
Bruce Watson Writer: Hoover pretty much ran what are now called the Palmer Raids, but might easily be called the Hoover Raids.
布鲁斯·沃森 编剧：胡佛几乎主持了现在所谓的“帕尔默袭击”，但也可以很容易地称为“胡佛袭击”。
Narrator: With support from local police, federal agents herded suspected radicals into detention centers, searched their homes and confiscated their possessions.
旁白：在当地警方的支持下，联邦特工将涉嫌激进分子赶进拘留中心，搜查他们的家，没收他们的财产。
Bruce Watson Writer: Thousands of people were detained without any warrant, without any, without any specific cause, and they were kept for a weeks at a time.
布鲁斯·沃森（Bruce Watson）作家：成千上万的人在没有任何逮捕令、没有任何理由、没有任何具体原因的情况下被拘留，他们一次被关押了一个星期。
Some were beaten.
有些人被殴打。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: They had no prisons big enough to hold all of these people.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：他们没有足够大的监狱来关押所有这些人。
In, Detroit, they put about seven or 800 people in a corridor of a government office building with just one bathroom, a water fountain, and held them there for seven or eight days 'cause they had no place else to put them.
在底特律，他们将大约七、八百人关在只有一间浴室和一个饮水机的政府办公大楼的走廊里，关押了七八天，因为他们没有其他地方可以安置。
In Boston a person committed suicide cause the conditions were so bad.
在波士顿，有人因环境恶劣而自杀。
James Green, Historian: It sent a real terrifying message through the immigrant community.
历史学家詹姆斯·格林：它通过移民社区传递了一个真正可怕的信息。
And I think for the anarchists in particular this was…
我认为特别是对于无政府主义者来说，这是……
the final…evidence that the American government had declared war on their people.
美国政府向他们的人民宣战的最后……证据。
Narrator: Soon, it wasn’t just radicals that thought Palmer had gone too far.
旁白：很快，不仅仅是激进分子认为帕尔默做得太过分了。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: The evidence started coming out about just how thin these cases were, The fact that very few of these people had any connection with violence or real radicalism, a real threat to the country.
肯尼思·阿克曼，作家：证据开始表明这些案件的数量有多么薄弱，事实上，这些人中很少有人与暴力或真正的激进主义有任何联系，对国家构成真正的威胁。
Narrator: Church, labor and business groups began questioning Palmer’s tactics—which had failed to produce the May and June bombers or evidence of a future plot.
旁白：教会、劳工和商业团体开始质疑帕尔默的策略——该策略未能提供五月和六月的轰炸机或未来阴谋的证据。
Even within Palmer’s own Justice Department there was criticism.
即使在帕尔默自己的司法部内部也存在批评。
On January 12, US Attorney Francis Fisher Kane resigned from office in protest.
1月12日，美国联邦检察官弗朗西斯·费舍尔·凯恩辞职以示抗议。
“We appear to be attempting to repress a political party,” he wrote to Palmer.
“我们似乎试图镇压一个政党，”他写信给帕尔默。
“By such methods we shall drive underground and make dangerous what was not dangerous before.”
“通过这种方法，我们将驶入地下，使以前不危险的事情变得危险。”
Beverly Gage, Author: you’ve taken people whose opinions you don’t like, who have joined organizations that you don’t like, and you’ve arrested them en masse, without ever having a court proceeding.
贝弗利·盖奇，作家：你带走了那些你不喜欢观点的人，他们加入了你不喜欢的组织，你在没有经过法庭诉讼的情况下集体逮捕了他们。
Are these people really a threat or are they not a threat, and how are we going to assess that?
这些人真的是威胁还是不是威胁？我们如何评估这一点？
You get a really big set of questions about what kind of country do we actually want to be.
你会收到一大堆关于我们真正想成为什么样的国家的问题。
Narrator: In the coming months, Palmer’s critics gained momentum.
旁白：在接下来的几个月里，帕尔默的批评声越来越大。
The acting Secretary of Labor nullified more than two thousand deportation warrants, calling the evidence against the deportees “flimsy.”
代理劳工部长取消了两千多份驱逐令，称针对被驱逐者的证据“站不住脚”。
Palmer tried to focus public attention on the red threat, claiming again that he had received intelligence warning of a revolutionary upheaval on May 1st.
帕尔默试图将公众的注意力集中在红色威胁上，再次声称他收到了 5 月 1 日革命动乱的情报警告。
When the day passed peacefully, Palmer was ridiculed for being an alarmist.
当这一天平静地过去时，帕尔默却被嘲笑为危言耸听。
Narrator: A month later, a damning report by twelve prominent lawyers accused the Attorney General of “utterly illegal acts…which have struck at the foundation of American free institutions.” Congress summoned him to Capital Hill to defend his deportation raids.
旁白：一个月后，十二名知名律师发表了一份谴责性报告，指责司法部长“完全非法行为……这已经损害了美国自由制度的基础”。国会传唤他到国会山为他的驱逐行动辩护。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: At the end of it Palmer is very frustrated.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：最后帕尔默非常沮丧。
He saw the country call on him, demand him to take this hard line and he did what he thought was his responsibility with the information he had before him.
他看到国家在召唤他，要求他采取强硬路线，他利用他面前的信息做了他认为是他的责任的事情。
The hard part though is figuring out how you come up with something that addresses the threat, that doesn’t at the same time do the collateral damage of, of sweeping up innocent people who’ve done nothing to deserve it.
不过，困难的部分是弄清楚如何想出一些办法来应对威胁，同时又不会造成附带损害，即扫荡那些没有做过任何应得的无辜者。
Narrator: Palmer still hoped he had enough support to win his party’s presidential nomination, but when he arrived in San Francisco to appear before the delegates in July 1920, even his close friends regarded him as poor presidential material.
旁白：帕尔默仍然希望自己能获得足够的支持来赢得党内总统提名，但当他于 1920 年 7 月抵达旧金山出现在代表们面前时，就连他的亲密朋友也认为他不适合当总统。
The press wrote off the nation’s “fighting Quaker” as the “quaking fighter.”
媒体将这个国家的“战斗贵格会”称为“颤抖的斗士”。
By the time Palmer left the convention in defeat, hysteria-weary Americans were embracing the Republican nominee Warren Harding.
当帕尔默以失败告终时，歇斯底里的美国人开始拥抱共和党候选人沃伦·哈丁。
His campaign dismissed the radical threat and promised to return America to ‘normalcy.’
他的竞选团队驳斥了激进的威胁，并承诺让美国恢复“正常状态”。
On September 16, 1920 the stock market was having a bullish day, reason for optimism after bumpy summer.
1920 年 9 月 16 日，股市迎来了牛市，这是经历了动荡的夏季之后的乐观情绪的理由。
Inside the Morgan bank, a partner was wrapping up a meeting with the owner of one of the country’s largest mining operations about the latest round of strikes in the Pennsylvania coalfields.
在摩根银行内部，一位合伙人正在结束与该国最大采矿企业之一的所有者就宾夕法尼亚州煤田最新一轮罢工举行的会议。
Across the street, government workers were busy transferring a billion dollars in gold to the Sub-Treasury.
街对面，政府工作人员正忙着将十亿美元的黄金转移到国库。
A few minutes before noon, as lunchtime crowds began to fill Wall Street, a postal worker discovered five flyers stuffed inside a mailbox just a short walk from the bank.
中午前几分钟，当午餐时间的人群开始挤满华尔街时，一名邮政工作人员在距离银行仅几步之遥的邮箱中发现了五张传单。
As the bells of Trinity church began to toll, he read the alarming words.
当三一教堂的钟声开始敲响时，他读到了令人震惊的文字。
Moments later, a violent blast rocked the financial district.
片刻之后，剧烈的爆炸震动了金融区。
Narrator: It began with a flash, then a roar—followed by a force so powerful, that skyscrapers three blocks north trembled from the impact.
旁白：首先是一道闪光，然后是一声轰鸣——紧接着是一股强大的力量，以至于北边三个街区的摩天大楼都因撞击而颤抖。
Fire-packed air smashed against buildings, and burned though the lunch crowd, leaving devastation in its wake.
充满火焰的空气撞向建筑物，烧毁了正在吃午餐的人群，留下了一片废墟。
Steve Fraser, Historian: There’s pandemonium everywhere.
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：到处都是混乱。
The brokers on the Stock Exchange think the glass dome atop the Exchange is gonna collapse.
证券交易所的经纪人认为交易所顶部的玻璃穹顶即将倒塌。
Trinity Church is shaken to its foundations.
三一教堂的根基动摇了。
It’s a terrifying…
这是一个可怕的……
scene.
场景。
Bruce Watson Writer: When people came out from the trading floor they could still see a mushroom cloud rising above Wall Street.
布鲁斯·沃森 编剧：当人们从交易大厅出来时，他们仍然可以看到华尔街上空升起的蘑菇云。
It was hundreds of pounds of dynamite packed into a horse cart and when it went off it just tore people in half.
这是数百磅的炸药装在一辆马车上，当它爆炸时，人们被撕成两半。
Narrator: Bodies mangled beyond description sprawled amidst the shattered glass.
旁白：破碎的玻璃中躺着无法描述的尸体。
The remains of a man lay in front of the Morgan bank—the building’s pale granite walls stained with splotches of red.
摩根银行前躺着一具男子的遗骸——银行大楼苍白的花岗岩墙壁上沾满了红色斑点。
Beverly Gage, Author: All through the district were these little pieces of metal that were window weights and they had been packed around the explosives.
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：整个地区都是这些小金属片，它们是窗户的重物，它们被包裹在炸药周围。
Many people died from, from lung injuries, from internal bleeding as these weights entered and penetrated their internal organs.
当这些重物进入并穿透他们的内脏时，许多人死于肺损伤、内出血。
Narrator: Most of the dead were under the age of thirty and made a modest living serving the trading houses of Wall Street.
旁白：大多数死者年龄都在三十岁以下，靠为华尔街的贸易公司服务而过着微薄的生活。
Beverly Gage, Author: If you set a bomb at the corner of Wall and Broad Streets the assumption was you were aiming for the biggest men of American capitalism.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：如果你在华尔街和布罗德街的拐角处放置一枚炸弹，那么你的目标就是美国资本主义的最大人物。
But that’s not who this bombing hit at all.
但这根本不是这次爆炸袭击的对象。
It really impacted ordinary people.
它确实影响了普通人。
Narrator: As news of the tragedy spread, stock exchanges from Boston to San Francisco suspended business.
旁白：随着悲剧的消息传开，从波士顿到旧金山的证券交易所都暂停营业。
Eager to minimize further damage to the nation’s financial markets, Wall Street leaders moved quickly to reopen the stock exchange for business the next day.
为了尽量减少对国家金融市场的进一步损害，华尔街领导人迅速采取行动，于第二天重新开放证券交易所。
Crews worked feverishly throughout the night to clean up the shattered glass and hose down the bloodstained streets.
工作人员整晚都在疯狂地清理破碎的玻璃，并用水管冲洗血迹斑斑的街道。
Beverly Gage, Author: Wall Street’s answer to the bombing is to get back to what they described as “business as usual” and to put on a real show of, of defiance and strength.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：华尔街对爆炸事件的回应是回到他们所说的“一切照旧”，并真正展现出反抗和力量。
Narrator: At noon the next day, more than a hundred thousand descended on Wall Street for a previously scheduled celebration of the signing of the Constitution.
旁白：第二天中午，十万人聚集在华尔街，参加原定的宪法签署庆祝活动。
They gathered at the spot where George Washington first took the oath of office, his unscathed statue just steps from the epicenter of the blast.
他们聚集在乔治·华盛顿首次宣誓就职的地方，他毫发无伤的雕像距离爆炸中心仅几步之遥。
The mixed emotions of the day were on full display.
当天的复杂情绪表现得淋漓尽致。
The solemn crowd listened to a prayer for national safety and a speech calling for the capture and killing of the bombers, before singing a rousing rendition of the national anthem.
庄严的人群聆听了为国家安全祈祷和呼吁抓捕并杀死爆炸者的演讲，然后高唱了振奋人心的国歌。
Attorney General Palmer was quick to point out that he might have been able to prevent the attack if Congress hadn’t slashed his budget in the backlash against his raids.
司法部长帕尔默很快指出，如果国会没有削减他的预算来反对他的袭击，他也许能够阻止这次袭击。
He called for a new deportation campaign and vowed to ram a peacetime sedition bill through Congress.
他呼吁开展新的驱逐运动，并誓言要在国会中强行通过一项和平时期煽动叛乱法案。
Beverly Gage, Author: On the day after the bombing Palmer stood there.
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：爆炸发生后的第二天，帕尔默站在那里。
He said, I warned you that something like this was going to happen and here it is.
他说，我警告过你这样的事情将会发生，现在就是这样。
We need more raids.
我们需要更多的袭击。
We need more aggressive action against the people who clearly did this.”
我们需要对明显这样做的人采取更严厉的行动。”
Narrator: Palmer found wide support for his ideas in the national press and business community.
旁白：帕尔默的想法得到了全国媒体和商界的广泛支持。
But other voices were more cautious.
但其他声音则更为谨慎。
“By what means are we to face lethal attempts to overthrow the established order,” one newspaper asked.
一份报纸问道：“我们将通过什么手段来面对推翻既定秩序的致命企图。”
“There must be no yielding to fear.”
“决不能屈服于恐惧。”
Beverly Gage, Author: a lot of people stepped up in that moment and said, we’ll get the person who set off the bomb on Wall Street.
作者贝弗利·盖奇：那一刻很多人站出来说，我们会找到在华尔街引爆炸弹的人。
We will try them in court and we will send them to prison.
我们将在法庭上审判他们，并将他们送进监狱。
But we don’t need to go after entire groups of innocent people just because they share certain political opinions.
但我们不需要仅仅因为他们分享某些政治观点就追捕整个无辜群体。
Narrator: Finding the person who set off the bomb proved difficult.
旁白：找到引爆炸弹的人非常困难。
After sifting through tons of debris, investigators confirmed the bomb had been planted on a horse drawn cart.
在仔细检查大量碎片后，调查人员确认炸弹被放置在一辆马车上。
But they were unable to identify the driver.
但他们无法确认司机的身份。
With the followers of Luigi Galleani considered prime suspects, agents scoured Italian neighborhoods for leads.
由于路易吉·加莱尼的追随者被认为是主要嫌疑人，特工们在意大利的社区中搜寻线索。
They traveled to Italy to track down the deported Galleani himself.
他们前往意大利寻找被驱逐出境的加莱尼本人。
Like many other suspected conspirators, he was nowhere to be found.
和许多其他涉嫌共谋的人一样，他无处可寻。
Focus shifted to Russia, where Hoover sent undercover operatives to find proof that Lenin’s communists were behind the attack.
焦点转移到俄罗斯，胡佛派出卧底特工去寻找列宁共产党在幕后黑手的证据。
After three years, officials had little to show for their efforts but an embarrassing string of false arrests.
三年后，官员们的努力几乎没有什么成果，除了一连串令人尴尬的错误逮捕之外。
The trail had gone cold.
小路已经变冷了。
Beverly Gage, Author: Probably the best theory that we have suggests that the bomb was actually set by a man named Mario Buda, who was, in fact, an Italian anarchist who moved in the circle around Luigi Galleani.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：这可能是我们现有的最好的理论，表明炸弹实际上是由一个名叫马里奥·布达（Mario Buda）的人设置的，他实际上是一位意大利无政府主义者，在路易吉·加莱尼（Luigi Galleani）的圈子里活动。
And Buda’s act was a protest against the arrests and deportations of Italian radicals as a whole.
布达的行为是对整个意大利激进分子的逮捕和驱逐的抗议。
Bruce Watson, Writer: Buda disappeared.
布鲁斯·沃森，编剧：布达失踪了。
He later turned up in Italy.
后来他出现在意大利。
People went and talked to him, etc. He never admitted anything like this but then again you never know who to believe when you are talking to anarchists
人们去和他交谈等等。他从来没有承认过这样的事情，但话又说回来，当你与无政府主义者交谈时，你永远不知道该相信谁
Narrator: As anniversaries of the Wall Street bombing came and went, fewer Americans seemed to notice the case had not been solved.
旁白：随着华尔街爆炸案周年纪念日的到来和过去，注意到案件尚未侦破的美国人似乎越来越少。
Beverly Gage, Author: It is the Roaring Twenties.
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：这是咆哮的二十年代。
It is a time of triumphal celebration of Wall Street as an icon of American success and prosperity, and somehow this bombing just seems very quickly like the last gasp of an older much more conflict-ridden age.
这是华尔街作为美国成功和繁荣的象征进行胜利庆祝的时刻，不知何故，这次爆炸似乎很快就像一个充满冲突的古老时代的最后一口气。
Steve Fraser, Historian: Wall Street bombing is the culminating point of a long period of anti-capitalism that…
历史学家史蒂夫·弗雷泽：华尔街爆炸事件是长期反资本主义的高潮……
engaged American culture, and politics, and economic life for well more than half a century.
半个多世纪以来，它一直参与美国文化、政治和经济生活。
But the bombing…
但轰炸……
put an end to that this act of terrorism was rather than a kind of reveille for radicals, it was kind of their final last gasp.
结束这种恐怖主义行为对于激进分子来说不是一种起床仪式，而是他们最后的最后一口气。
Narrator: By 1924, A.
旁白：到 1924 年，A.
Mitchell Palmer, the man who had led the war against radicals in America, was no longer a political force, but his sweeping deportation campaigns had achieved many of their aims.
领导美国反激进分子战争的米切尔·帕尔默不再是一股政治力量，但他大规模的驱逐运动已经实现了许多目标。
Kenneth Ackerman, Writer: The heavy-handed tactics of the officials had really just scared the hell out of anyone who thought of joining the movement.
肯尼思·阿克曼（Kenneth Ackerman），作家：官员们的高压手段确实吓坏了所有想加入这场运动的人。
Beverly Gage, Author: The Communist Party goes underground.
贝弗利·盖奇，作者：共产党转入地下。
The anarchist community never again has the kind of presence in American politics and culture that it did in the teens.
无政府主义社区再也没有像青少年时期那样在美国政治和文化中占有一席之地。
Narrator: J.
叙述者：J.
Edgar Hoover did his best to distance himself from the deportation raids.
埃德加·胡佛竭尽全力与驱逐袭击保持距离。
He claimed Palmer alone had been calling the shots.
他声称只有帕尔默在发号施令。
Hoover relied on his clean-scrubbed image as an invaluable manager to win a series of promotions.
胡佛凭借其干净整洁的无价经理形象赢得了一系列晋升。
Eventually he became the Director of the Justice Department’s Bureau of Investigation in 1924.
最终他于 1924 年成为司法部调查局局长。
He never lost his conviction that a violent, left-wing conspiracy threatened the stability of the United States.
他始终坚信，暴力的左翼阴谋威胁着美国的稳定。
Beverly Gage, Author: The Red scare years remain really important to Hoover for the rest of his career.
贝弗利·盖奇（Beverly Gage），作者：红色恐慌时期对胡佛的余下职业生涯仍然非常重要。
A lot of what he learns in those years he holds on to ideologically but also strategically as well.
他在那些年里学到的很多东西，他在意识形态上和战略上都坚持了下来。
If you’re going to keep your files, if you’re going to go after people, you wanna kind of keep that quite close to the vest.
如果你要保留你的文件，如果你要追捕某人，你就想保守秘密。
Narrator: All the while he was promoting the Bureau as a modern crime fighting organization, Hoover never stopped investigating people for their political ideas.
旁白：胡佛在宣传该局作为现代打击犯罪组织的同时，从未停止调查人们的政治思想。
He continued to add information to the secret files he created at the radical division, laying the groundwork for the agency’s espionage efforts in the decades to come.
他继续向他在激进部门创建的秘密档案中添加信息，为该机构未来几十年的间谍活动奠定了基础。
Hoover speaking to camera: no case ever ends for the Federal Bureau of Investigation until it is solved and closed with the conviction of the guilty or the acquittal of the innocent.
胡佛对镜头讲话：联邦调查局的任何案件都不会结束，除非案件得到解决并结案，有罪者被定罪或无辜者无罪。
Narrator: Hoover never was able to convict anyone for the Wall Street bombing.
旁白：胡佛从未能够因华尔街爆炸事件而对任何人定罪。
The Bureau’s last active investigation into the case was in 1944.
该局最后一次对此案进行积极调查是在 1944 年。
The Wall Street bombing remains unsolved.
华尔街爆炸案至今仍未解决。
The story behind a mostly-forgotten 1920 bombing in the nation’s financial center that left 38 dead and remains unsolved today.
1920 年，该国金融中心发生了一起几乎被人遗忘的爆炸事件，该爆炸事件导致 38 人死亡，至今仍未解开。
Watch Chapter 1 of The Bombing of Wall Street .
观看《华尔街轰炸》第一章。
After a bomb exploded at his own home, A.
炸弹在他自己的家中爆炸后，A.
Mitchell Palmer created what came to be known as the “Radical Division” within the Justice Department.
米切尔·帕尔默在司法部内部创建了后来被称为“激进部门”的部门。
Puck magazine produced cartoons and satire that caricatured a wide cast of politicians and industrialists, and skewered all types of isms .
《帕克》杂志制作了漫画和讽刺作品，讽刺了众多政治家和实业家，并讽刺了各种类型的主义。
The law school grad was just 24 when he was handed the position of running the “Radical Division” at the Justice Department.
这位法学院毕业生在被任命为司法部“激进部门”负责人时年仅 24 岁。
The anarchist had an interest in edgy literature, a passion for European plays, and deep knowledge of the thinkers who shaped the U.S. Constitution.
这位无政府主义者对前卫文学感兴趣，对欧洲戏剧充满热情，并对塑造美国宪法的思想家有深入的了解。
When perpetrators planted a bomb on Wall Street on September 16, 1920, they were targeting the epicenter of American finance.
1920 年 9 月 16 日，当肇事者在华尔街安放炸弹时，他们的目标是美国金融中心。
From fortification to occupation, here’s a look at the history of Wall Street.
从防御工事到占领，以下是华尔街的历史。