Billy Graham

KENNETH L.

肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: , JOURNALIST: I'd met Frank Sinatra briefly and I met Billy Graham many times.

伍德沃德（记者）： 记者：我曾短暂见过弗兰克·辛纳屈（Frank Sinatra），也曾多次见过比利·格雷厄姆（Billy Graham）。

They both had animal magnetism, almost like an aura around him.

他们都具有动物磁力，几乎就像他周围的光环一样。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: He spoke to more than 80 million people in person and hundreds of millions others on television.

传记作者威廉·马丁：他亲自与超过 8000 万人以及电视上的数亿人进行了交谈。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham is like the Protestant pope.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：比利·格雷厄姆就像新教教皇。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: There was a war between ambition and humility.

传记作者威廉·马丁：野心与谦逊之间存在着一场战争。

He wrestled with that throughout his life.

他一生都在与这个问题作斗争。

REV.

修订版。

DR. JOHN HUFFMAN: Billy was attracted to political power like a moth is attracted to flame.

博士。约翰·霍夫曼：比利被政治权力所吸引，就像飞蛾被火焰所吸引一样。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: He was drawn to politicians.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：他被政治家所吸引。

It was almost like a narcotic for him.

这对他来说几乎就像麻醉剂一样。

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BALBIER, HISTORIAN: The closer he moved Christianity to politics, the more he opened up the opportunity for Christianity being used to polarize, to politicize.

历史学家巴尔比尔：他使基督教与政治越接近，他就越为基督教被利用来两极分化和政治化提供了机会。

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BALBIER, HISTORIAN: He opened Pandora's box the second he stepped into the Oval Office for the very first time.

历史学家巴尔比尔：他第一次踏入椭圆形办公室就打开了潘多拉魔盒。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: America is a land of salespeople.

LEIGHTON FORD，布道者：美国是一个销售人员的国度。

We have products to sell.

我们有产品要卖。

We have markets to exploit and Billy Graham started out as a salesman.

我们有市场可供开发，比利·格雷厄姆最初是一名推销员。

He started out selling Fuller brushes.

他开始销售富勒刷子。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He's beginning to sense at this point that he has a special gift.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：此时他开始感觉到自己拥有特殊的天赋。

He has an ability to communicate with people that is striking, and it works.

他与人沟通的能力令人惊叹，而且很有效。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: At the end of the summer, he was the top Fuller Brush salesman in all of North or South Carolina.

传记作者威廉·马丁：夏末时，他是北卡罗来纳州或南卡罗来纳州最顶尖的富勒刷子推销员。

And what he learned, he said, was sincerity: You have to believe in the product.

他说，他学到的是真诚：你必须相信产品。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: When we were growing up, we had Bible reading and prayer every night about eight o'clock.

葛培理的妹妹让·福特：在我们成长的过程中，我们每天晚上八点左右都会读圣经和祈祷。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: And Mother would read the scripture, and Daddy would always pray.

比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：母亲会读经文，而爸爸则总是祈祷。

That was a habit just like brushing our teeth.

这是一种就像刷牙一样的习惯。

And that’s what we did.

这就是我们所做的。

We never thought about, “Did we enjoy it?” We just did it.

我们从来没有想过，“我们喜欢它吗？”我们刚刚做到了。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham was born in 1918.

兰德尔·巴尔默 (Randall Balmer)，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆 (Billy Graham) 出生于 1918 年。

His parents had a dairy farm in North Carolina.

他的父母在北卡罗来纳州有一个奶牛场。

And his parents were conservative Presbyterians.

他的父母都是保守的长老会教徒。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: His family life was very much like that of great many other people in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.

传记作者威廉·马丁：他的家庭生活与北卡罗来纳州梅克伦堡县许多其他人的家庭生活非常相似。

They believed in God.

他们相信上帝。

And most of them believed that God wanted them to win souls, to evangelize other people, to bring them to Christ.

他们中的大多数人相信上帝希望他们赢得灵魂，向其他人传福音，带他们归向基督。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Young Billy Frank Graham, as he was known at the time, was in some ways a normal teenager.

兰德尔·巴尔默（Randall Balmer），历史学家：年轻的比利·弗兰克·格雷厄姆（Billy Frank Graham），正如他当时所知道的那样，在某些方面是一个普通的青少年。

He was rebelling to some degree against the strict piety of his parents, although not overtly so.

他在某种程度上反抗了父母严格的虔诚，尽管不是公开的。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: After he got a driver's license, he had the advantage of being able to borrow his father's car and spend luxurious nights with girls, parking, or going to movies.

传记作者威廉·马丁：在他获得驾驶执照后，他的优势是可以借用父亲的汽车，与女孩一起度过奢华的夜晚，停车或看电影。

He really liked the girls, and they liked him.

他真的很喜欢这些女孩，她们也喜欢他。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Even though he had a head full of Scriptures and prayers Billy wasn't completely convinced that he was a true Christian yet.

传记作者威廉·马丁：尽管比利脑子里装满了经文和祈祷，但他还没有完全相信自己是一个真正的基督徒。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: One night he and his friends went to hear a traveling revivalist coming through the area named Mordecai Ham.

兰德尔·巴尔默（Randall Balmer），历史学家：一天晚上，他和他的朋友们去听一位名叫莫迪凯·哈姆（Mordecai Ham）的地区旅行复兴主义者的声音。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: At some point during that gathering, something Ham said connected with young Billy Frank Graham.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：在那次聚会的某个时刻，汉姆所说的一些话与年轻的比利·弗兰克·格雷厄姆有关。

And he decided at that moment to embrace the religion of his parents.

在那一刻，他决定接受父母的宗教信仰。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Billy wanted to go to college at the University of North Carolina.

传记作者威廉·马丁：比利想去北卡罗来纳大学上大学。

But his mother had come to believe that the road to hell went right through the campus of state schools.

但他的母亲开始相信通往地狱的路就穿过公立学校的校园。

So she wanted him to go, as did his father, to a serious Christian college.

所以她希望他像他父亲一样，去一所正规的基督教大学。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: He was sent off to Bob Jones College, which was one of the strictest fundamentalist colleges.

弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德，作家：他被送到鲍勃·琼斯学院，这是最严格的原教旨主义学院之一。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: Prior to the late 19th century, Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians believed in the authority of scripture, they believe that Jesus died for their sins, and they believe that they needed to convert the masses.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：在 19 世纪末之前，浸信会、卫理公会和长老会相信圣经的权威，他们相信耶稣为他们的罪而死，他们相信他们需要改变群众的信仰。

You had cultural transformation and intellectual developments that began to disrupt Protestant culture.

文化转型和知识发展开始扰乱新教文化。

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BALBIER, HISTORIAN: American Protestant fundamentalism is a religious movement.

历史学家巴尔比尔：美国新教原教旨主义是一场宗教运动。

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BALBIER, HISTORIAN: It's a religious response to everything we associate with modernity.

历史学家巴尔比尔：这是对我们与现代性相关的一切的宗教回应。

Technology, urbanization, the rise of sciences.

技术、城市化、科学的兴起。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: All of a sudden Protestants were broken up into multiple camps.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：突然之间，新教徒分成了多个阵营。

And fundamentalists were just those who dug their heels, they drew a line in the sand, they said, "The Bible says it, I believe it, that settles it."

原教旨主义者只是那些坚持己见的人，他们在沙子上划了一条线，他们说：“圣经这么说，我相信它，这就解决了问题。”

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: That would have been a very strict environment for a Presbyterian Billy Graham.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：对于长老会的比利·格雷厄姆来说，那将是一个非常严格的环境。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Dating at Bob Jones College had to be scheduled, was restricted to 15 minutes at a time in a dormitory parlor, chaperoned, no touching.

传记作者威廉·马丁：在鲍勃·琼斯学院的约会必须提前安排，每次只能在宿舍客厅进行 15 分钟，有监护人陪同，不得触摸。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: Billy couldn't stand it.

弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德（编剧）：比利无法忍受。

He liked playing.

他喜欢玩。

And so this kind of strict demeanor of his parents' house and of Bob Jones really didn't suit him at all.

所以他父母家和鲍勃·琼斯的这种严格的作风实在不适合他。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He did not do well academically either.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他的学业成绩也不佳。

He flunked math.

他数学不及格。

He was there for four months, and he was extremely unhappy.

他在那里呆了四个月，心里非常不开心。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Bob Jones was unflinching in his conviction that his opinions were right and those who disagreed with him were mistaken.

传记作者威廉·马丁：鲍勃·琼斯坚信他的观点是正确的，而那些不同意他的人都是错误的。

And he predicted that Billy, when he decided to leave Bob Jones College, was not going to amount to anything.

他预测，当比利决定离开鲍勃·琼斯学院时，他不会有任何成就。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Graham decides to go to Florida Bible Institute.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：格雷厄姆决定去佛罗里达圣经学院。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He had a friend there who talked about sunshine and orange trees and a golf course right next door.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他在那里有一个朋友，他谈论了阳光、橘子树和隔壁的高尔夫球场。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Florida Bible Institute was theologically conservative, but it was more relaxed.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：佛罗里达圣经学院在神学上比较保守，但比较宽松。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: He's still trying to figure out who he is.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：他仍在试图弄清楚他是谁。

And what he's beginning to learn is that the persona of a preacher suits him very well.

他开始了解到传教士的角色非常适合他。

It's well-attuned to his gifts and to his abilities.

这非常适合他的天赋和能力。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: In the south at the time Billy Graham was growing up, being an evangelist, being a preacher, they were cultural heroes.

传记作者威廉·马丁：比利·格雷厄姆在南方长大，是一名福音传教士、传教士，他们是文化英雄。

This was about as high on the status chart as you could get.

这大概是你能得到的状态图表上最高的位置了。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: He began preaching, and he'd preach in these sort of derelict missions and these scrabbly churches with dogs in the sandy front yards.

弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德，作家：他开始讲道，他在这些废弃的传教所和这些前院里有狗的破旧教堂里讲道。

And as a friend said, "He'd preached to anything that would stand still."

正如一位朋友所说，“他宣扬的是一切静止不动的事物。”

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BALBIER, HISTORIAN: The confidence, the ambition grew when he realized that he was actually really good at preaching.

历史学家巴尔比尔：当他意识到自己确实非常擅长讲道时，他的信心和野心就增长了。

It was when those first people stepped forward and converted to Christ because of his preaching that he got the recognition that was so important to keep him going.

正是当第一批人因为他的讲道而挺身而出并皈依基督时，他才得到了认可，这对他继续前进非常重要。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: When Billy Graham graduated the president noted, Billy just wants to do something big for God.

传记作者威廉·马丁：当比利·格雷厄姆毕业时，总统指出，比利只是想为上帝做一些大事。

He's not sure what it is yet, but he wants it to be really big.

他还不确定它是什么，但他希望它能够变得非常大。

RUTH - MARRYING UP

露丝 - 结婚

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: After he graduates from Florida Bible Institute, he says to himself, "I still need more preparation, more training." So he heads off to Wheaton College.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：从佛罗里达圣经学院毕业后，他对自己说：“我仍然需要更多的准备、更多的培训。”于是他前往惠顿学院。

He’s trying, I think, at that point to accumulate a bit of theological ballast.

我认为，他当时正试图积累一些神学的基础。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: But the big thing that happens for Billy Graham at Wheaton College is that he meets Ruth.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：但是对于惠顿学院的比利·格雷厄姆来说，发生的一件大事是他遇到了露丝。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Ruth Bell was the daughter of a Presbyterian medical missionary who had led the medical mission in Qingjiang, China.

传记作者威廉·马丁：露丝·贝尔是一位长老会医疗传教士的女儿，她曾领导过中国清江的医疗使命。

As a child, she had dreamed of being a missionary and hoped to die a martyr’s death.

小时候，她梦想成为一名传教士，并希望殉道。

ANNE BLUE WILLS, HISTORIAN: She wanted to be a single woman in the plain of Tibet in the thin air by herself, preaching the gospel to nomads.

安妮·布鲁·威尔斯（ANNE BLUE WILLS），历史学家：她想成为西藏平原上空气稀薄的单身女性，向游牧民族传播福音。

ANNE BLUE WILLS, HISTORIAN: So she wanted to be as solitary, as challenged by a kind of Christian work as she could be.

安妮·布鲁·威尔斯，历史学家：所以她想尽可能地保持孤独，接受基督教工作的挑战。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: Billy wrote mother a letter and told her about Ruth.

比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：比利给母亲写了一封信，告诉她有关露丝的事情。

And said, "Mother, I know I'm going to marry her."

并说：“妈妈，我知道我要娶她。”

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Ruth was a good student, pretty much everybody acknowledged that she was a better student than he was.

传记作者威廉·马丁：露丝是一个好学生，几乎每个人都承认她比他更好。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: He told her on the third date that he did not feel the call to be a missionary.

传记作者威廉·马丁：他在第三次约会时告诉她，他没有感受到成为传教士的呼召。

She eventually surrendered her missionary vocation, but nobody who knew Ruth Bell Graham ever thought she surrendered her will.

她最终放弃了传教使命，但认识露丝·贝尔·格雷厄姆的人从未想到她放弃了自己的意愿。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: This was a portentous time in American life.

传记作者威廉·马丁：这是美国生活中一个不祥的时期。

We're coming out of the Depression and then going into war.

我们即将走出大萧条，然后陷入战争。

These were years and years of troubled times.

那是年复一年的动荡时期。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Prior to World War II, what we now know as evangelical Protestantism wore the label of fundamentalism.

达伦·多查克（DARREN DOCHUK），历史学家：第二次世界大战之前，我们现在所知的福音派新教戴着原教旨主义的标签。

As the nation mobilizes, many conservative Christians relabel themselves as Evangelicals.

随着国家动员起来，许多保守派基督徒将自己重新定位为福音派。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Youth for Chris was a byproduct of this emerging new evangelicalism.

达伦·多查克（DARREN DOCHUK），历史学家：克里斯的青春是这种新兴福音派的副产品。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Youth for Christ was a more optimistic conservative Protestantism.

达伦·多查克（DARREN DOCHUK），历史学家：“基督青年会”是一种更为乐观的保守新教。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Much more forward-looking, something that is in tune with the kind of spirit of the day, one in which America is emerging from a war and rebuilding itself.

达伦·多查克（DARREN DOCHUK），历史学家：更具前瞻性，这符合当今的精神，即美国正在摆脱战争并重建自己。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Youth for Christ events resembled a kind of a Christian vaudeville show.

传记作者威廉·马丁：“青年基督”活动类似于基督教歌舞杂耍表演。

The preachers themselves, they would dress very flashily, with bright colored suits and bright ties, and sometimes bowties that would light up.

传教士们则穿着非常华丽，穿着色彩鲜艳的西装，打着鲜艳的领带，有时还会打上会发光的领结。

Their slogan was "Geared to the times, but anchored to the rock.” GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: You don't have to be considered a bumpkin anymore.

他们的口号是“与时俱进，坚如磐石”。传记作者格兰特·瓦克：你不必再被视为土包子了。

You don't have to be considered intellectually retrograde.

你不必被认为是智力倒退。

Become a part of American life.

成为美国生活的一部分。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Billy is drawn in to Youth for Christ as an evangelist.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：比利作为一名福音传道者被《基督青年团》所吸引。

He was offered a position to be a full-time evangelist working for them.

他获得了一个为他们工作的全职传道者的职位。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Youth for Christ is, for Graham, a kind of halfway house out of the kind of strict, starchy fundamentalism of his childhood into a larger arena.

兰德尔·巴尔默（Randall Balmer），历史学家：对格雷厄姆来说，基督的青年时代是一种中途之家，使他摆脱了童年时期那种严格的、刻板的原教旨主义，进入了一个更大的舞台。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: I can still remember going to Winona Lake, Indiana, where they had the annual Youth for Christ conference and a different preacher every night.

莱顿·福特（LEIGHTON FORD），福音传道者：我仍然记得去印第安纳州的威诺纳湖，那里举行一年一度的青年基督大会，每晚都有不同的传道人。

But Billy was different than the others.

但比利与其他人不同。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: The power of that voice to make people just listen was very striking.

LEIGHTON FORD，布道者：这种声音让人们倾听的力量非常惊人。

I once said it was like a train whistle on a prairie.

我曾经说过，这就像草原上的火车汽笛。

We could hear it like a sound of something in the distance, but very, very powerful.

我们可以听到它就像远处有什么声音，但非常非常强大。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: He loved the stage.

作家弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德：他热爱舞台。

He liked exciting people and getting them to commit to Christ.

他喜欢激励人们并让他们委身于基督。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: He did have that personal ability to sense, I think, people that he spoke with who were open to the message and open to him.

莱顿·福特（LEIGHTON FORD），布道者：我认为，他确实有个人能力去感知与他交谈的人，他们对信息持开放态度，并对他持开放态度。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: He was incredibly energetic and in three years he went through doing revivals in some 47 states and all Canadian provinces.

作家弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德：他精力充沛，三年内在大约 47 个州和加拿大所有省份进行了复兴运动。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: The audience was never big enough for Graham, always had this sense of reaching out, have to do more and find different ways to do it.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：对于格雷厄姆来说，观众永远不够多，总是有一种伸出援手的感觉，必须做得更多，并找到不同的方法来做到这一点。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Graham comes to a point when he recognizes that even Youth for Christ is too confining for him and this is when he decides to strike out on his own.

兰德尔·巴尔默（Randall Balmer），历史学家：当格雷厄姆认识到即使是“基督青年会”对他来说也太有限时，他决定自己出击。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: He chooses, of all places, Los Angeles, the home of Hollywood, and this is going to be his launching pad into his own career.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：在所有地方中，他选择了好莱坞的故乡洛杉矶，这将成为他职业生涯的起点。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: He has been in this spiritual battle, both internally and with his fellow evangelist and friend Charles Templeton.

南希·吉布斯，记者：他一直在进行这场属灵的争战，无论是在内心还是与他的福音传道者和朋友查尔斯·坦普尔顿的争斗中。

Templeton's argument is, "You know, look, your really hardcore fundamentalist gospel is out of date.

坦普尔顿的论点是：“你知道，你看，你真正的核心原教旨主义福音已经过时了。

People don't believe that the world was literally created in six days, and you need to update your message if you're going to get through to people."

人们不相信世界实际上是在六天内创造的，如果你想传达给人们，你需要更新你的信息。”

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: And it creates something of a crisis of faith for a now 30-year-old Billy Graham, who is going into what is meant to be the biggest attempt he has ever undertaken to reach a lot of people.

南希·吉布斯，记者：这对现年 30 岁的比利·格雷厄姆来说造成了某种信仰危机，他正在进行一项本应是他为接触很多人而进行的最大的尝试。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: To him, the choice was, "I either preach the Bible as the literal word of God, or I leave the ministry.”

南希·吉布斯，记者：对他来说，选择是：“我要么将圣经当作神真实的话语来传讲，要么离开事工。”

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: In a sense, Templeton is the acid, eating away at Graham's self-confidence.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：从某种意义上说，坦普尔顿是一种酸液，正在侵蚀格雷厄姆的自信。

And Graham himself begins to think that he's got to come to terms with this message that he is preaching.

格雷厄姆本人开始认为他必须接受他所宣讲的信息。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He goes out into the woods and he climbs the mountain a ways.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他走进树林，爬了一段山路。

And as the story goes, he has a kind of revelation.

随着故事的发展，他得到了一种启示。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: He talks about having really asked God to guide him in this moment, at this crossroads, and feeling this sense of peace and conviction that, no, he is right to continue on this path, where he is not to be questioning any of the literal truths of the Bible, but to preach it as God's holy word.

南希·吉布斯，记者：他谈到在此时此刻，在这个十字路口，他真的请求上帝引导他，并感受到这种平安感和信念，不，他继续走这条路是正确的，在那里他不应该质疑圣经的任何字面真理，而是将其作为上帝的圣言来传播。

And then he goes into the Los Angeles Crusade a liberated man, with a conviction about what it is that he is being called to do, and he never looks back.

然后，他以一个解放了的人的身份参加了洛杉矶十字军东征，他坚信自己被召唤去做的事情，并且永不回头。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Late September of 1949, a series of events in the outside world come together the same time that he starts his revival.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：1949 年 9 月下旬，在他开始复兴的同时，外部世界发生了一系列事件。

So it's a perfect storm.

所以这是一场完美的风暴。

And for his career, it is the catapult.

而对于他的职业生涯来说，就是弹射器。

BILLY GRAHAM: I believe that tonight, we're living in the most tragic hour in the history of the entire world.

比利·格雷厄姆：我相信今晚，我们正生活在全世界历史上最悲惨的时刻。

Our newspapers tell us today that rockets are being ringed around Western Europe and these rockets can shoot atomic missiles 5,000 miles, that could reach American cities from the Soviet Union.

今天我们的报纸告诉我们，火箭正在西欧周围盘旋，这些火箭可以发射原子导弹5000英里，可以从苏联到达美国城市。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: He was conscious of the importance of relevance.

南希·吉布斯，记者：他意识到相关性的重要性。

So even though his message was absolutely grounded in a literal reading of the Bible, he made it a point to connect those lessons with what was happening in the news that day.

因此，尽管他的信息绝对是基于对圣经的字面阅读，但他还是强调将这些教训与当天新闻中发生的事情联系起来。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He understands people are scared.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他理解人们感到害怕。

Who's behind all this?

这一切的幕后黑手是谁？

What's behind all this?

这一切的背后是什么？

Communism!

共产主义！

They're strong, they're disciplined, and they're atheistic.

他们很坚强，他们遵守纪律，而且他们是无神论者。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: He would use those fears as a way of lending a sense of urgency to his message and to his invitation to individuals to become part of the Christian faith.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：他会利用这些恐惧来传达他的信息和邀请个人成为基督教信仰一部分的紧迫感。

BILLY GRAHAM I believe this sincerely from the depths of my heart, that unless the Western world has an old-fashioned revival, we are done for.

比利·格雷厄姆：我从内心深处真诚地相信，除非西方世界出现老式的复兴，否则我们就完蛋了。

We cannot last.

我们无法持续下去。

We cannot stand the tremendous strain and stress of future days in our battle with communism unless we have a spiritual revival.

除非我们有精神复兴，否则我们无法承受未来与共产主义斗争的巨大压力。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: People are coming, but not a lot of people, and probably not people who are not already Christians.

南希·吉布斯，记者：人们来了，但不是很多，而且可能不是还不是基督徒的人。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: A Salvation Army PR man is helping get the word out and is urging reporters to come to a press conference, which they do, and no one writes anything.

记者南希·吉布斯：救世军的一名公关人员正在帮助宣传，并敦促记者参加新闻发布会，他们确实这么做了，但没有人写任何东西。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: After a few weeks, they were thinking, "Well, maybe we'll bring it to a close." GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: And he had the sense that he had failed.

传记作者威廉·马丁：几周后，他们在想，“好吧，也许我们会结束它。”传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他感觉自己失败了。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: That evening, Billy was driving up to the tent, and there were cars all over.

传记作者威廉·马丁：那天晚上，比利开车去帐篷，到处都是汽车。

And he said, "What has happened?"

他说：“发生了什么事？”

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: One of them said, “You have been kissed by William Randolph Hearst.” Now at this point Hearst is one of the most prominent newspaper men in the country.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：其中一个人说：“威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特亲吻了你。”现在赫斯特是美国最著名的报界人士之一。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: What Hearst saw in Graham is a man who is fervently anti-communist, a man who believed in law and order.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：赫斯特在格雷厄姆身上看到的是一个强烈反共的人，一个相信法律和秩序的人。

But I think even more important, Hearst saw a way to sell papers.

但我认为更重要的是，赫斯特找到了一种销售报纸的方法。

Graham was flamboyant, he was attractive, he made great pictures on the front page.

格雷厄姆很华丽，很有魅力，他在头版上拍了很棒的照片。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He soon tours the country like a rockstar.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他很快就像摇滚明星一样环游全国。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He goes to Boston and has a huge string of revivals there, takes the city by storm.

凯文·克鲁斯，历史学家：他去了波士顿，在那里进行了一系列的复兴运动，席卷了这座城市。

NEWS ANCHOR: Mr. Graham has preached to more than two million persons in great citywide campaigns in Columbia, South Carolina; Portland, Oregon; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Atlanta, Georgia.

新闻主播：格雷厄姆先生在南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚市的大型全市活动中向超过 200 万人讲道；俄勒冈州波特兰；明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯；和佐治亚州亚特兰大。

TORONTO CRUSADE BILLY GRAHAM: The Lord Jesus Christ takes the hand of God, and he takes your hand...and he brings you together in reconciliation.

多伦多十字军比利·格雷厄姆：主耶稣基督握着神的手，他也握着你的手……他让你们和好在一起。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He revels in these crowds, he revels in these moments, and he revels in the attention.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他陶醉于这些人群，他陶醉于这些时刻，他陶醉于人们的关注。

And he's very good at it.

他非常擅长。

He has an ability to connect with individuals, with small groups, and to hold hundreds of thousands, really, in sway, as he talks.

他有能力与个人、小团体建立联系，并在他讲话时真正影响数十万人。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: For fundamentalists who had been operating around the margins of public life and public communication, it was a surprising thing, to them, to see Billy Graham engaging this directly in this very secular world.

南希·吉布斯，记者：对于那些一直在公共生活和公共传播边缘活动的原教旨主义者来说，看到比利·格雷厄姆直接在这个非常世俗的世界中参与这一点，对他们来说是一件令人惊讶的事情。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: The next logical step is to show all of his followers that he actually has the ear of the powerful.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是向他的所有追随者表明，他实际上拥有权力者的耳朵。

And there's no better way to do that than receiving a White House invitation.

没有比收到白宫邀请更好的方法了。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: In early 1950 Graham is peppering President Harry Truman with letters and telegrams begging for a visit.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：1950 年初，格雷厄姆向哈里·杜鲁门总统发出大量信件和电报，请求他访问。

Truman ignores them all.

杜鲁门忽略了他们所有人。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Truman was a Baptist, and in keeping with the traditions of his faith at that point in time was a firm believer in the separation of church and state.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：杜鲁门是一名浸信会教徒，按照他当时的信仰传统，他坚信政教分离。

He didn't like public displays of religion.

他不喜欢公开展示宗教。

He in fact writes in his diary that he takes guidance from the book of Matthew, chapters, five, six, and seven, which are known for their injunctions against showy displays of faith.

事实上，他在日记中写道，他从马太福音第五章、第六章和第七章中得到了指导，这些书以禁止炫耀信仰而闻名。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Finally, house majority leader John McCormick puts in a good word with President Truman and Truman relents and lets Graham come to visit.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：最后，众议院多数党领袖约翰·麦考密克向杜鲁门总统说了几句好话，杜鲁门态度软化，允许格雷厄姆来访。

July 14, 1950 GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Graham came to the meeting with three of his associates.

1950 年 7 月 14 日传记作者格兰特·瓦克：格雷厄姆和他的三位同事一起参加了会议。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: They went to see the president with their white suits and hand-painted ties, and they looked like hospital orderlies at the racetrack.

传记作者威廉·马丁：他们穿着白色西装、打着手绘领带去见总统，看起来就像赛马场上的医院勤务兵。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Toward the end of the meeting, Graham asked Truman if he could pray with Truman, and through secondhand accounts, Truman evidently said, “Well, I suppose it couldn't do any harm.”

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：在会议即将结束时，格雷厄姆问杜鲁门是否可以与杜鲁门一起祈祷，通过二手资料，杜鲁门显然说：“嗯，我想这不会造成任何伤害。”

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Graham grabs Truman by the shoulder and is calling down a prayer for the president.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：格雷厄姆抓住杜鲁门的肩膀，为总统祈祷。

Truman is uncomfortable the entire time, can't handle it.

杜鲁门一直很不舒服，无法应对。

Things get worse when they leave.

当他们离开时，事情会变得更糟。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: When Billy and his team came out of the president's office, the reporters were all there and talking, "What did he say?

传记作者威廉·马丁：当比利和他的团队走出总统办公室时，记者们都在那里议论着，“他说什么了？

What'd he say?

他说什么？

Was it good?" GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Graham made the grievous mistake of rehearsing, as best he could remember, every word Truman had uttered in the course of that hour conversation.

好不好？”传记作者格兰特·瓦克：格雷厄姆犯了一个严重的错误，他按照他的记忆，排练了杜鲁门在那一小时谈话中所说的每一个字。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: But then they went out on the White House lawn and thanked God for the privilege of having met with the president.

传记作者威廉·马丁：但随后他们走到白宫草坪上，感谢上帝赐予我们有幸会见总统。

And the next day, that was on the front page of all kinds of newspapers all over the country.

第二天，这件事就登上了全国各类报纸的头版。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Truman reacted very badly to what he took to be a show.

传记作者威廉·马丁：杜鲁门对他认为是一场表演的反应非常糟糕。

He said, "All Billy Graham is interested in is just getting his name in the paper." GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: We have a letter from Truman to his secretary in which he said, “Do not ever let that man into the Oval Office again.” GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: He's very green.

他说：“比利·格雷厄姆感兴趣的只是让他的名字出现在报纸上。”传记作者格兰特·瓦克：我们收到了杜鲁门写给他的秘书的一封信，他在信中说：“永远不要再让那个人进入椭圆形办公室。”传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他还很年轻。

He's a famous preacher by then, but he's very green when it comes to understanding the ways of the world.

那时他已经是一位著名的传教士了，但在理解世事之道方面他还很稚嫩。

But he has a thick skin.

但他脸皮厚。

And when people would say no to him, he'd just come right back at ’em.

当人们对他说不时，他就会立即反击。

CAPITALISM DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: It's important for Billy Graham not to be perceived as a backwater revivalist.

资本主义博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：对于葛培理来说，重要的是不要被视为死水复兴主义者。

He's not some sort of snake handler.

他不是什么蛇处理者。

He's trying to bring this nation to Christ with all of the most powerful, influential figures of American society.

他试图与美国社会所有最有权势、最有影响力的人物一起将这个国家带到基督面前。

HENRY LUCE: Unless this country is called back to God’s moral law, there will be a national catastrophe.

亨利·卢斯：除非这个国家重新回归上帝的道德法则，否则将会发生国家灾难。

BILLY GRAHAM: Well, the difficulty is, I think, that we forget that while we want to do good and we want to live by high standards and there are many thousands of people that want to obey the Ten Commandments and live up to the Sermon on the Mount, but they don’t find within themselves the qualities and the power to do it.

葛培理：嗯，我认为困难在于，我们忘记了，虽然我们想要行善，我们想要以高标准生活，而且有成千上万的人想要遵守十诫并践行登山宝训，但他们在自己身上找不到这样做的品质和力量。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham is an ardent supporter of capitalism.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：比利·格雷厄姆是资本主义的热心支持者。

He sees capitalism and Christianity as essentially one and the same.

他认为资本主义和基督教本质上是同一的。

They're both doing good in the world.

他们俩都在这个世界上做着好事。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: For the businessman, it is great to have a revivalist preacher legitimizing capitalism, endorsing free market capitalism.

历史学家巴尔比尔：对于商人来说，有一位使资本主义合法化、支持自由市场资本主义的复兴主义传教士是件好事。

In Europe we see preachers preaching in favor of the welfare state.

在欧洲，我们看到传教士宣讲支持福利国家。

And that is exactly what businessmen don't want in the U.S in the 1950s.

这正是 20 世纪 50 年代美国商人所不希望看到的情况。

BILLY GRAHAM: Communism says the state is to own everything, and when the state owns everything, I believe you destroy individuality and you destroy character.

比利·格雷厄姆：共产主义说国家拥有一切，当国家拥有一切时，我相信你会摧毁个性和品格。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: When Graham complains about communism, it's not just Stalin.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：当格雷厄姆抱怨共产主义时，抱怨的不仅仅是斯大林。

It's FDR, it's Truman, it's people who are putting new laws on the books that regulate industry.

是罗斯福，是杜鲁门，是人们制定了新的行业监管法律。

Putting new laws in the books that uphold unions, that elevate workers' rights.

将维护工会、提升工人权利的新法律写入书中。

These he sees as a threat to the American way of life.

他认为这些是对美国生活方式的威胁。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham himself was a salesman.

历史学家巴尔比尔：比利·格雷厄姆本人是一名推销员。

He saw himself as a salesman of faith.

他将自己视为信仰的推销员。

He said, ‘I'm selling the most important thing on earth.

他说：‘我正在出售地球上最重要的东西。

Why shouldn't I promote it as well as soap?’ BILLY GRAHAM: Want your problems solved?

为什么我不应该像肥皂一样推广它？ 比利·格雷厄姆：希望你的问题得到解决吗？

Want that burden lifted?

想要卸下这个负担吗？

Right now, you want those frustrations and inner conflicts quieted and you want inner serenity in your soul?

现在，您希望那些挫败感和内心冲突平息，您希望灵魂获得内在的平静吗？

Do you want that?

你想要那个吗？

You really do?

你真的这么做吗？

All right, you can, right now, if you let Christ come into your heart.

好吧，如果你让基督进入你的心里，你现在就可以。

He’ll bring you inner pleasure and inner joy that nothing else can bring.

他会给你带来其他任何东西都无法带来的内心的愉悦和快乐。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Graham surrounds himself with a team that can act very much like a sophisticated corporation to sell their message and to win over converts.

达伦·多查克（DARREN DOCHUK），历史学家：格雷厄姆周围有一个团队，他们的行为非常像一家成熟的公司，可以推销他们的信息并赢得皈依者。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: They start very modestly by setting up the Billy Graham Evangelist Association in 1950, just an office in Minneapolis.

历史学家巴尔比尔：他们一开始非常谦虚，于 1950 年成立了比利·格雷厄姆福音传教士协会，只是在明尼阿波利斯的一个办事处。

But over the next four years, there's already an increase to 80 full-time staff members and this tells the story of revivalism turning into a business.

但在接下来的四年里，全职员工已经增加到 80 名，这讲述了复兴主义变成生意的故事。

CLIFF BARROWS: I wonder if you’d take time to write that letter this week.

克里夫·巴罗斯：我想知道您本周是否愿意花时间写那封信。

Remember, our mailing address is just “Billy Graham, Minneapolis, Minnesota.” That’s all you need, just “Billy Graham, Minneapolis, Minnesota.”

请记住，我们的邮寄地址只是“明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市比利·格雷厄姆”。这就是你所需要的，只是“比利·格雷厄姆，明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯。”

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: Giving is a quintessential Christian duty and everyone who attended the crusade meetings knew they were expected to make an offering.

历史学家巴尔比尔：奉献是一项典型的基督教义务，每个参加十字军会议的人都知道他们应该做出奉献。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: When he founded the Association, he made rules for it, that they run their finances perfectly, and so he had outside auditors and so forth coming in and running through them with a fine-toothed comb.

弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德，作家：当他创立协会时，他为协会制定了规则，要求他们完美地管理财务，因此他请了外部审计员等进来，对他们进行仔细的梳理。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: There were a lot of other kinds of evangelists that preyed upon their members and people who came to the shows and took their money and were not sincere.

安西娅·巴特勒（ANTHEA BUTLER），历史学家：还有很多其他类型的传道者，他们掠夺他们的会员和那些来观看演出并拿走他们的钱的人，这些人并不真诚。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham is aware that an early scandal could destroy the mission.

历史学家巴尔比尔：比利·格雷厄姆意识到早期的丑闻可能会毁掉使命。

And that is why he's setting up his organization as a nonprofit.

这就是他将自己的组织设立为非营利组织的原因。

He proudly claimed that he only received the salary of an ordinary minister throughout his career.

他自豪地声称，自己在整个职业生涯中只领取普通部长的俸禄。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Graham was incredibly careful about the moral hygiene of his operation and his daily life, where his rule was about never being in a room alone with a woman other than his wife, which can sound incredibly archaic, except when they were traveling on the crusades, that his companions would have to go into his hotel room first and search it because they might find women hiding in his hotel room.

南希·吉布斯，记者：格雷厄姆对他的行动和日常生活的道德卫生非常谨慎，他的规则是永远不要与妻子以外的女人单独呆在一个房间里，这听起来非常过时，除非他们参加十字军东征，他的同伴必须先进入他的酒店房间并进行搜查，因为他们可能会发现女人藏在他的酒店房间里。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: In November 1950, Billy Graham launches his radio program.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：1950 年 11 月，比利·格雷厄姆推出了他的广播节目。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: It’s eventually broadcast out on three different networks, about 850 stations, and reaches an audience of about 20 million Americans a week.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：它最终在三个不同的网络、约 850 个电视台播出，每周吸引约 2000 万美国人的观众。

It's hugely influential.

这是非常有影响力的。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: When Graham starts on television, it's still a fairly new medium.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：当格雷厄姆开始上电视时，它仍然是一种相当新的媒体。

Billy Graham’s media empire takes root with incredible speed.

比利·格雷厄姆的媒体帝国以令人难以置信的速度扎根。

Soon after starting his radio program and his TV show, he establishes a movie studio called World Wide Pictures.

在开始广播节目和电视节目后不久，他建立了一家名为“环球影业”的电影制片厂。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: He and his team were able to use those new media technologies brilliantly to create Graham as a religious celebrity.

兰德尔·巴尔默，历史学家：他和他的团队能够出色地利用这些新媒体技术，将格雷厄姆塑造为宗教名人。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: It's important to understand that there's a strand of conservative American evangelicalism that have always viewed advanced technologies as sinful.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：重要的是要理解，有一股保守的美国福音派一直认为先进技术是有罪的。

The radio.

收音机。

Television.

电视。

Movie industries.

电影产业。

These are all just kind of paths to hell.

这些都是通往地狱的道路。

They'll just take us to hell in a handbasket.

他们只会把我们放在手提篮里带进地狱。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: With these movies, he's saying we're spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：通过这些电影，他说我们正在传播耶稣基督的福音。

We are fulfilling our evangelical mission by giving content to a sin-sick society where they can go to the picture show and hear a message that Christ loves them.

我们正在通过向患有罪病的社会提供内容来履行我们的福音使命，在那里他们可以观看图片展并听到基督爱他们的信息。

ANNE BLUE WILLS, HISTORIAN: While he was traveling around and his career was really starting to take off Ruth was at home having children.

安妮·布鲁·威尔斯（ANNE BLUE WILLS），历史学家：当他到处旅行并且他的事业真正开始腾飞时，露丝正在家里生孩子。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: What Graham is exhibiting is what I would say is pristine American white masculinity.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：我想说，格雷厄姆所展示的是原始的美国白人男子气概。

That masculinity of, ‘I'm handsome.

那种“我很帅”的男子气概。

I have a beautiful wife.

我有一个美丽的妻子。

I have beautiful children.

我有漂亮的孩子。

My life is in control.’

我的生活尽在掌控。

ANNE BLUE WILLS, HISTORIAN:There's a glamour boost that the two of them deliver to American Protestantism that, you know, ‘Maybe I can't be quite as beautiful but I can try, I can aspire to that.’

安妮·布鲁·威尔斯（ANNE BLUE WILLS），历史学家：他们两人为美国新教带来了一种魅力提升，你知道，“也许我不能那么美丽，但我可以尝试，我可以渴望这一点。”

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: Every time that he was photographed he was saying to all of his followers, ‘This is who we are, and this is how Christians should live.’

博士。神学家乔纳森·李·沃尔顿：每次他被拍照时，他都对所有追随者说：“这就是我们，这就是基督徒应该如何生活。”

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: For fundamentalists, Billy Graham took them from the fringes of society and put them right into the center of American Protestantism.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：对于原教旨主义者来说，比利·格雷厄姆将他们从社会的边缘地带带到了美国新教的中心。

Billy Graham becomes a household name, and he ends up making American evangelicalism a household name as well.

比利·格雷厄姆成为家喻户晓的名字，他最终也让美国福音派成为家喻户晓的名字。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: When Billy Graham thought about a United States, he thought about it as a Christian nation fallen from grace.

历史学家巴尔比尔：当比利·格雷厄姆想到美国时，他认为它是一个从恩典中堕落的基督教国家。

So a Christian nation that had to be redirected.

因此，一个基督教国家必须重新定位。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: The Oval office meeting with Truman went very poorly.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：在椭圆形办公室与杜鲁门的会面进行得很糟糕。

He quickly sets his sights on a return visit about 18 months later.

他很快就把目光投向了大约 18 个月后的回访。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: There's a clear difference in these two Washington events.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：华盛顿的这两起事件有明显的区别。

BILLY GRAHAM: I ask the United States Senate and Congress to request the President, once again in our hour of crisis, when we stand on the abyss of national destruction and catastrophe, to call our people to prayer.

葛培理：我请求美国参议院和国会再次请求总统在我们面临国家毁灭和灾难的深渊时，再次呼吁我们的人民祈祷。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: The rally on the steps of the U.S. Capitol put Graham's strength on display.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：美国国会大厦台阶上的集会展示了格雷厄姆的力量。

And it shows political leaders how powerful and how popular he can be.

这也向政治领导人展示了他的权力和受欢迎程度。

BILLY GRAHAM: We have been the recipients of the choicest bounties of Heaven.

比利·格雷厄姆：我们一直是天堂最精选恩惠的接受者。

We have been preserved these many years in peace and prosperity.

多年来我们一直保持着和平与繁荣。

We’ve grown in number, wealth, and power as no other nation has grown.

我们在数量、财富和实力方面的增长是其他国家无法比拟的。

But we have forgotten God.

但我们却忘记了神。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He firmly believes the country needs a religious revival, and he’s now set himself up to do whatever he can to do that, to lobby political leaders, to influence them, to call on their citizens and his followers to make demands upon them.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他坚信这个国家需要宗教复兴，他现在已经准备好尽其所能来做到这一点，游说政治领导人，影响他们，呼吁他们的公民和他的追随者向他们提出要求。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He wants Harry Truman to come to the Washington crusade.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他希望哈里·杜鲁门参加华盛顿十字军东征。

Truman refuses.

杜鲁门拒绝了。

Congress is much more receptive.

国会的接受度要高得多。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Graham makes it clear that he and his followers are going to have some influence.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：格雷厄姆明确表示，他和他的追随者将会产生一些影响。

That the nation needs to turn to God, and that that needs to be a campaign issue, and he wants the country to rally around a candidate who can deliver that.

国家需要转向上帝，这需要成为竞选问题，他希望国家团结在一位能够实现这一目标的候选人周围。

ANNOUNCER: Out of the heartland of America, out of this small-frame house in Abilene, Kansas, came a man, Dwight D.

播音员：从美国的中心地带，从堪萨斯州阿比林的这座小房子里，走出了一个男人，德怀特·D·

Eisenhower.

艾森豪威尔。

Through the crucial hour of historic D-Day, he brought us to the triumph and peace of VE Day.

在历史性诺曼底登陆的关键时刻，他为我们带来了胜利日的胜利与和平。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Billy Graham had taken a real appreciation for Dwight Eisenhower, as of course had most Americans.

传记作者威廉·马丁：比利·格雷厄姆真正欣赏德怀特·艾森豪威尔，当然，大多数美国人也是如此。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: A Texas oilman named Sid Richardson wanted Eisenhower to become president and he so enlisted Billy Graham.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：一位名叫希德·理查森的得克萨斯州石油商希望艾森豪威尔成为总统，因此他招募了比利·格雷厄姆。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: And so here he is, this very young man, he’s knocking on the door of the five-star general.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他就在这里，这个非常年轻的人，他正在敲五星级将军的门。

He told Eisenhower that the fate of the Western world hinged upon Eisenhower’s decision.

他告诉艾森豪威尔，西方世界的命运取决于艾森豪威尔的决定。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Eisenhower’s astonished by this young guy.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：艾森豪威尔对这个年轻人感到惊讶。

But as it happens, Eisenhower liked it.

但碰巧的是，艾森豪威尔很喜欢它。

ADVERTISEMENT: You like Ike, I like Ike, everybody likes Ike for president.

广告：你喜欢艾克，我喜欢艾克，每个人都喜欢艾克当总统。

Hang up the banner, beat the drum.

挂横幅，敲锣打鼓。

We’ll take Ike to Washington.

我们将带艾克去华盛顿。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham serves as Eisenhower’s spiritual advisor on the campaign.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：比利·格雷厄姆担任艾森豪威尔竞选活动的精神顾问。

And he offers Eisenhower some scriptural references he can drop into speeches, some themes he might want to hit on the campaign trail.

他还向艾森豪威尔提供了一些他可以在演讲中引用的经文，以及他可能想在竞选过程中提出的一些主题。

BILLY GRAHAM: I want to say something to you tonight, to you church members, you people who profess Christianity.

葛培理：今晚我想对你们、对你们教会成员、你们那些自称基督教的人说一些话。

I believe it’s your duty more than any other group to go to the polls and vote.

我相信，去投票站投票是你们比任何其他团体都更有责任的责任。

You owe your country.

你欠你的国家。

You owe unborn generations your vote at this election.

你们欠未出生的几代人在这次选举中投票。

You say, “Well, Billy, who shall we vote for?” Now, I’m not entering partisan politics.

你说：“好吧，比利，我们该投票给谁？”现在，我不会参与党派政治。

Of course, I have my own opinion, and I’m going to register my opinion next Tuesday at the poll, but nobody’ll know but myself and God.

当然，我有我自己的意见，我将在下周二的投票中登记我的意见，但除了我自己和上帝之外，没有人知道。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: I think it's fair to say he feigned an impartiality, but his preferences were clear.

传记作者威廉·马丁：我认为可以公平地说，他假装公正，但他的偏好是明确的。

GOD AND COUNTRY November 4, 1952 NEWS ANCHOR: America speaks at the polling booths from coast to coast as 55 million from all walks of life cast their votes for the 33rdman to become president of the United States.

上帝与国家 1952 年 11 月 4 日新闻主播：美国从东海岸到西海岸的投票站里都有来自各行各业的 5500 万人投票支持第 33 个人成为美国总统。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Eisenhower wins a resounding victory in 1952.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：艾森豪威尔在 1952 年赢得了压倒性的胜利。

He calls Graham to his hotel in New York city after the election and has a meeting with him.

选举结束后，他把格雷厄姆叫到他在纽约市的酒店，并与他会面。

And he says, “I think one of the reasons I was elected was that we need spiritual renewal in this country.” DWIGHT D.

他说：“我认为我当选的原因之一是我们这个国家需要精神复兴。”德怀特·D.

EISENHOWER: ...Preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States…

艾森豪威尔：……维护、保护和捍卫美国宪法……

KEVEN KRUSE: Eisenhower firmly believed that religion needed to be worn on one sleeve.

凯文·克鲁斯：艾森豪威尔坚信宗教需要体现在一个袖子上。

That faith had to be manifested in public in order to inspire people in private.

这种信念必须在公开场合表现出来，才能在私下激励人们。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Eisenhower believed that national success depends on shared sacrifice and that the Cold War, at some level, was a spiritual battle.

南希·吉布斯，记者：艾森豪威尔认为，国家的成功取决于共同的牺牲，冷战在某种程度上是一场精神之战。

And that, in order to summon people into alliance depended on having a larger spiritual purpose that was explicit.

而且，为了召唤人们结成联盟，取决于有一个更明确的更大的精神目标。

Billy Graham: Communism is a religion.

比利·格雷厄姆：共产主义是一种宗教。

At this moment, it appears that Communism has all the earmarks of Antichrist.

此时此刻，共产主义似乎具备了敌基督的一切特征。

It is masterminded by Satan himself.

这是撒旦亲自策划的。

Who is greater: Marx or Christ?

谁更伟大：马克思还是基督？

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: What Billy Graham could provide to Eisenhower is a way to deploy certain kinds of ideas about nationalism, and Christianity, and pushing back against the communist threat.

安西娅·巴特勒，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆可以为艾森豪威尔提供一种部署有关民族主义和基督教的某些思想并反击共产主义威胁的方法。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham thinks that America is a special nation.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：比利·格雷厄姆认为美国是一个特殊的国家。

He believes that it is a nation that is supposed to lead the rest of the world in terms of democracy, in terms of Christianity.

他认为，这个国家应该在民主和基督教方面领先世界其他国家。

BILLY GRAHAM: I want to tell you it’s more patriotic—more patriotic!—to be a Christian, to live for God, than it is to carry a gun in time of war.

葛培理：我想告诉你，做一名基督徒，为上帝而活，比在战争时期携带枪支更爱国——更爱国！

DWIGHT D.

德怀特·D.

EISENHOWER: America is the greatest force that God has allowed to exist on his footstool.

艾森豪威尔：美国是上帝允许存在于他的脚凳上的最伟大的力量。

BILLY GRAHAM: I believe that America is the great spiritual arsenal of the world.

葛培理：我相信美国是世界上最伟大的精神武器库。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: Eisenhower was pleased by thinking of Graham as the sort of religious leader of the country.

弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德，作家：艾森豪威尔很高兴认为格雷厄姆是这个国家的宗教领袖。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Together, they help effect a new set of ceremonies and symbols that conflate piety and patriotism to a degree never seen before.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他们共同帮助实现了一套新的仪式和象征，将虔诚和爱国主义融合到了前所未有的程度。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: It's during Eisenhower's presidency for instance, the prayer breakfast became an annual event, an event at which clerics and politicians of all political stripe come together to pray for the nation.

达伦·多查克，历史学家：例如，在艾森豪威尔总统任期内，祈祷早餐成为一项年度活动，各种政治派别的神职人员和政治家聚集在一起为国家祈祷。

Children: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible….

孩子们：我宣誓效忠美利坚合众国的国旗和它所代表的共和国，一个国家，不可分割……。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: We get the addition of “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance for the first time when it previously had been secular, had no mention of God.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：我们第一次在效忠誓词中添加了“在上帝之下”，而此前它是世俗的，没有提及上帝。

We get the adoption of “In God We Trust” as a nation’s first official motto in 1956.

1956 年，我们将“我们信仰上帝”作为国家的第一条官方座右铭。

It’s added to paper currency for the first time in 1957.

1957年，它首次被添加到纸币中。

ANNOUNCER: President Eisenhower and Postmaster Summerfield take part in the introduction of the first stamp with a religious message.

播音员：艾森豪威尔总统和邮政局长萨默菲尔德参加了第一枚带有宗教信息的邮票的推出。

The new stamp will carry to the world America’s message of liberty and faith.

新邮票将向世界传达美国自由和信仰的信息。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: This new religious nationalism is a remarkable change, a stark shift from the norms of American life before.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：这种新的宗教民族主义是一个显着的变化，与以前的美国生活规范截然不同。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Eisenhower is the first genuine relationship Graham has with someone with that much power.

记者南希·吉布斯：艾森豪威尔是格雷厄姆与拥有如此大权力的人建立的第一个真正的关系。

It's the start of a learning curve that then develops with each successive president.

这是学习曲线的开始，然后随着历任总统的发展而发展。

1954 UK CRUSADE February 23, 1954 NEWS ANCHOR: American Billy Graham faces a battery of press cameras as, with his young wife Ruth, he comes to Britain on board the luxury liner SS United States.

1954 年英国十字军东征 1954 年 2 月 23 日新闻主播：美国人比利·格雷厄姆 (Billy Graham) 与他年轻的妻子露丝 (Ruth) 乘坐豪华游轮 SS United States 来到英国，面对着一系列媒体摄像机。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham looks at London as a very secular place.

历史学家巴尔比尔：比利·格雷厄姆认为伦敦是一个非常世俗的地方。

He doesn’t know if revivalism will work in the UK the way it does in the U.S. But there is the ambition to change the world, to tackle this obstacle.

他不知道复兴主义是否会像在美国那样在英国发挥作用，但他有改变世界、解决这一障碍的雄心。

BILLY GRAHAM: Church attendance in the United States is about three times that which it is in Britain.

葛培理：美国去教堂的人数大约是英国的三倍。

And now these British clergymen have invited us to come and use the method that, to some extent at least, they feel has been successful in the United States.

现在这些英国神职人员邀请我们来使用他们认为至少在某种程度上已经在美国取得成功的方法。

Reporter: You mention Harringay Arena.

记者：您提到了哈林盖竞技场。

Now, that seats about eleven-and-a-half thousand people – BILLY GRAHAM: That’s right.

现在，大约可容纳十一千人——比利·格雷厄姆：是的。

REPORTER: -- and you’ve booked it for 12 weeks.

记者：——你已经预订了 12 周。

Does that seem optimistic to you?

您觉得这乐观吗？

BILLY GRAHAM: I think that by all indications Harringay Arena is going to be too small.

比利·格雷厄姆：我认为从所有迹象来看，哈林盖竞技场都会太小。

REPORTER: Too small?

记者：太小了？

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: The British press was surprised that an American revival preacher would be bold enough to plan a campaign which would run for 12 weeks in London.

历史学家巴尔比尔：英国媒体对一位美国复兴传教士如此大胆地计划在伦敦开展为期 12 周的运动感到惊讶。

There were all these stereotypes about American revival preachers, them just being too loud, and just a little bit too much fire and brimstone for the more reserved British.

人们对美国复兴传教士有很多刻板印象，他们的声音太大了，而对于更保守的英国人来说，他们的火和硫磺有点太多了。

Billy Graham: Jesus went to the cross for you.

比利·格雷厄姆：耶稣为你走上了十字架。

He hung openly in front of a crowd for you.

他为了你公开地站在人群面前。

Certainly you can come a few feet for him.

当然，你可以为他走几英尺。

You come, we’re going to wait on you.

你来吧，我们会等你。

Every head bow while we wait.

当我们等待时，每个人都低着头。

Just get up right now, quickly, hundreds of you, from all over the place, come.

现在就站起来，快点，来自四面八方的数百人，都来吧。

Men, women, young people, whole families...

男人、女人、年轻人、整个家庭......

JOHN GUEST: To myself I’m thinking, “That’s what I’m looking for!

约翰·格斯特：我对自己说：“这就是我正在寻找的东西！

That’s what I want!” To put it plainly, it was the first time in my whole human experience that I felt clean on the inside.

这就是我想要的！”说白了，这是我人生中第一次感觉到内心是干净的。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: This large arena was entirely packed for weeks and weeks and weeks.

传记作者威廉·马丁：这个大竞技场连续几周都挤满了人。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: So many people wanted to come that couldn’t get into it, they established what they called landline relays, where his voice was carried over telephone lines to theaters and churches all over.

传记作者威廉·马丁：很多人想来却无法参与，他们建立了所谓的固定线路中继，他的声音通过电话线传送到各地的剧院和教堂。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Both the American ambassador and the British home secretary said that Billy Graham had done more for Anglo-American relationships than any other person had done since the end of World War II.

传记作者威廉·马丁：美国大使和英国内政大臣都表示，自二战结束以来，比利·格雷厄姆为英美关系所做的贡献比任何其他人都多。

BILLY GRAHAM: Our destinies as two nations are linked together, and I sincerely believe that this is a demonstration on the moral and spiritual level that our two nations are one.

葛培理：我们两个国家的命运是紧密相连的，我真诚地相信，这在道德和精神层面上证明了我们两国是一体的。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: As the crusade came to a close, Billy Graham realized that his life had changed.

传记作者威廉·马丁：当十字军东征结束时，比利·格雷厄姆意识到他的生活发生了变化。

He was not only now the most famous preacher in the United States, he was now the most famous in London.

他现在不仅是美国最著名的传教士，也是伦敦最著名的传教士。

And if you’re famous in London, you’re famous all over the world.

如果你在伦敦出名，那么你就会在全世界出名。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: There’s a point sometime in the 1950s when it’s arguable that Billy Graham becomes the most famous person in the world.

南希·吉布斯，记者：在 20 世纪 50 年代的某个时刻，比利·格雷厄姆成为世界上最著名的人物是有争议的。

And the kind of global celebrity that he had shapes everything that followed.

他所拥有的全球名人影响了接下来的一切。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: New York is the big place.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：纽约是一个很大的地方。

Billy Graham specifically likened New York to Sodom and Gomorrah from the Hebrew Bible.

葛培理特别将纽约比作希伯来圣经中的所多玛和蛾摩拉。

This in many ways was the last frontier for him.

从很多方面来说，这对他来说都是最后的边疆。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: New York City symbolized many things that fundamentalism was not, from its religious diversity, to its racial diversity, to its comparative secularism.

米勒，历史学家：纽约市象征着许多原教旨主义所不具备的东西，从宗教多样性、种族多样性到相对世俗主义。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: In the late summer of 1956, Billy said, “Next year, we’re going to Madison Square Garden.” JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: Billy asked us to go to New York.

莱顿·福特，布道者：1956 年夏末，比利说：“明年，我们要去麦迪逊广场花园。”比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：比利邀请我们去纽约。

We were 23, 24 years old.

我们当时23、24岁。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: Billy said, “I want you to go and work with the churches up there and tell them what this is about, and recruit them and encourage them to be part of it.” JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: We had a pretty big office down near Times Square.

莱顿·福特，布道者：比利说，“我希望你去和那里的教会一起工作，告诉他们这是什么，招募他们并鼓励他们参与其中。”比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：我们在时代广场附近有一个相当大的办公室。

And I ran the switchboard some of the time.

有时我也负责管理总机。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: : Just a moment, please.

比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：请稍等。

Judson two-one-seven-nine-oh.

贾德森二一七九哦。

Yes, it is.

是的。

Thank you, I’ll connect you.

谢谢你，我会联系你的。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: I guess there were about a dozen people or more that worked there.

比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：我猜大约有十几个人或更多人在那里工作。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: I went to Baptists and Lutherans and Pentecostals and the Seventh Day Adventists and Hispanic churches.

莱顿·福特，福音传教士：我去了浸信会、路德会、五旬节派、基督复临安息日会和西班牙教会。

Took the buses, took the subway, drove around.

坐公交车，坐地铁，开车到处走走。

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: I was supposed to go to the churches and say, “This is your crusade, not Billy Graham’s.

礼顿·福特，福音传道者：我应该去教堂说：“这是你们的十字军东征，而不是比利·格雷厄姆的十字军东征。

This is God’s work, and we’re here to serve.” FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: He refused to be sponsored by the fundamentalists there.

这是上帝的工作，我们来这里是为了服务。”弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德，作家：他拒绝接受那里原教旨主义者的赞助。

He insisted on being sponsored by the mainline denominations.

他坚持要得到主流教派的赞助。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: He reached out to the Catholic churches, he even reached out to the Jewish community in New York, and he invited all these people of faith to come together.

历史学家巴尔比尔：他向天主教会伸出援手，甚至向纽约的犹太社区伸出援手，他邀请所有这些有信仰的人聚集在一起。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: Let’s get everybody together because everybody needs Jesus, and some of these divisions that we’ve created are preventing the gospel of Jesus from going out to the largest possible audience.

杰马尔·蒂斯比，作家：让我们把每个人聚集在一起，因为每个人都需要耶稣，而我们制造的一些分歧正在阻止耶稣的福音传播给尽可能多的受众。

ARCHIVAL STILL: REINHOLD NIEBUHR AND COLLEAGUES LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: It was very controversial, I’d say both theologically on the left and on the right.

档案剧照：莱因霍尔德·尼布尔和同事莱顿·福特，福音传道者：这是非常有争议的，我想说的是神学上的左派和右派。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: Reinhold Niebuhr, the great ethicist and theologian, was one of Billy Graham’s most consistent and caustic critics.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：莱因霍尔德·尼布尔，伟大的伦理学家和神学家，是比利·格雷厄姆最一贯、最尖刻的批评者之一。

Niebuhr believed that the message that Graham was giving was that society was nothing more than a collection of individuals.

尼布尔认为，格雷厄姆传达的信息是，社会只不过是个体的集合。

And Niebuhr believed that the techniques of revivalism, the very message itself, oversimplified the dynamics of a modern society.

尼布尔认为，复兴主义的技巧，即其信息本身，过于简单化了现代社会的动力。

NEW YORK SUCCESS May 15, 1957 LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: I can remember standing in Madison Square Garden.

纽约成功 1957 年 5 月 15 日 传道者 LEIGHTON FORD：我记得当时站在麦迪逊广场花园。

I stood there looking at that cavernous stadium, the day before it all started, and looking up at those empty seats and saying, “What is this going to be like?” LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: There was a contract to start with for three or four weeks.

在一切开始的前一天，我站在那里看着那个巨大的体育场，抬头看着那些空座位，说：“这会是什么样子？” LEIGHTON FORD，布道者：一开始有一份为期三到四个星期的合同。

It could be extended, it was extended a week and another week and another week.

它可以延长，延长一周、一周、一周。

Went on sixteen-and-a-half weeks.

持续了十六周半。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Coming from a small town in Missouri, I had never seen that many people in one place.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：我来自密苏里州的一个小镇，从来没有在一个地方见过这么多人。

Madison Square Garden seated 18,000.

麦迪逊广场花园可容纳 18,000 人。

And I remember the lines.

我还记得台词。

The lines of people outside trying to get in.

外面排队的人试图进去。

It was like a sporting event.

这就像一场体育赛事。

ANNOUNCER: Tonight, we’re delighted to have from Montgomery, Alabama, Dr. Martin Luther King, the minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church.

播音员：今晚，我们很高兴邀请到来自阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市德克斯特大道浸信会牧师马丁·路德·金博士。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: Billy Graham invites this young up and coming minister, Martin Luther King Jr., to be part of the program as a way of reaching across racial and ethnic lines.

杰马尔·蒂斯比，作家：比利·格雷厄姆邀请这位年轻的、崭露头角的牧师小马丁·路德·金参与该计划，以此作为跨越种族和民族界限的一种方式。

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.: Heavenly Father, we thank thee this evening for the marvelous things that have been done in this city through the dynamic preaching of this great evangelist.

小马丁·路德·金：天父，今晚我们感谢您，通过这位伟大的福音传教士的充满活力的讲道，在这座城市所完成的奇妙的事情。

We ask thee, O God, to continue blessing him.

神啊，我们请求你继续祝福他。

Give him continued power and authority.

给他持续的权力和权威。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: Billy Graham knows, to his credit, that this tall, white, blue-eyed preacher is not going to bring in Black people or Latinos and Latinas.

杰马尔·蒂斯比，作家：比利·格雷厄姆知道，值得称赞的是，这位身材高大、白人、蓝眼睛的传教士不会引进黑人或拉丁裔和拉丁裔。

He needs other folks to help bridge that gap.

他需要其他人来帮助弥合这一差距。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: He’s also making a statement about civil rights in the Southern region.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：他还就南部地区的民权发表了声明。

He’s trying to expand his audience to include people of color, saying that you are actually welcome as part of this campaign.

他试图扩大他的受众范围，将有色人种纳入其中，并表示实际上欢迎您参与这项活动。

BILLY GRAHAM: We are praying that God is going to give a new soul and new spirit to this great city that leads the world in so many ways, and we’re praying that in the next few weeks it will at least have started on its way to world leadership in moral and spiritual values.

葛培理：我们祈祷上帝赋予这座在很多方面引领世界的伟大城市新的灵魂和新的精神，我们祈祷在接下来的几周内，它至少会开始在道德和精神价值观方面成为世界领导者。

GRAHAM’S RALLY IN TIMES SQUARE STEVEN P.

格雷厄姆在时代广场举行的集会 STEVEN P.

MILLER, HISTORIAN: The New York crusade was a critical turning point.

历史学家米勒：纽约十字军东征是一个关键的转折点。

It was really the final straw for a generation of fundamentalists, who then, you know, pretty much publicly divorced themselves from Billy Graham.

这确实是压垮一代原教旨主义者的最后一根稻草，你知道，他们后来几乎公开与比利·格雷厄姆分道扬镳。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Bob Jones declared that Billy had made a serious mistake for preaching with the support of a whole range of unsound churches.

威廉·马丁，传记作者：鲍勃·琼斯宣称，比利在一系列不健全教会的支持下讲道，犯了一个严重的错误。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham himself is aware he is close to politics, he is close to celebrity culture, he is close to so many things that Protestant fundamentalists despise.

历史学家巴尔比尔：比利·格雷厄姆本人意识到他与政治、名人文化、以及新教原教旨主义者所鄙视的许多事物都很接近。

And Bob Jones is pushing Billy Graham to make a decision.

鲍勃·琼斯正在敦促比利·格雷厄姆做出决定。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: However much he wanted the support of fundamentalists for both strategic and emotional reasons, he realized he could do without them.

传记作者威廉·马丁：无论出于战略和情感原因，他多么希望得到原教旨主义者的支持，但他意识到没有他们他也能做得到。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: At that moment, he turned in his card to the card-carrying fundamentalists and he said, ‘I’m not one of you anymore.’

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：在那一刻，他将自己的名片交给了持有名片的原教旨主义者，他说：“我不再是你们中的一员了。”

MLK vs. BILLY KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: One of the major developments of the 1950s is the emergence of the modern civil rights movement.

马丁·路德·金 (MLK) 与历史学家比利·凯文·克鲁斯 (BILLY KEVIN KRUSE)：20 世纪 50 年代的重大发展之一是现代民权运动的出现。

And it becomes the real test of what American democracy is all about.

这成为对美国民主到底是什么的真正考验。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham was born into a South that was heavily segregated.

达伦·多查克，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆出生在一个严重种族隔离的南方。

Graham’s evangelical circles were overtly white.

格雷厄姆的福音派圈子明显是白人。

Evangelicalism was defined by its whiteness.

福音派的定义是其白人性。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: By the early ’50s, Billy Graham has become more progressive in his racial views, so that by 1953, he begins desegregating his revivals.

达伦·多查克，历史学家：到了 50 年代初，比利·格雷厄姆的种族观点变得更加进步，因此到 1953 年，他开始废除他的复兴运动中的种族隔离。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham wants everybody to know that they are the same in the eyes of God.

安西娅·巴特勒，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆希望每个人都知道，他们在上帝眼中是一样的。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: But he wants people to obey the laws of the land.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：但他希望人们遵守国家的法律。

And that’s where things get sticky.

这就是事情变得棘手的地方。

Because it’s one thing to say you believe that all men and women are created in God’s image and in the sight of God, but at the same time, tell them they can’t use the water fountain and they can’t go to the same bathroom as a white person.

因为说你相信所有男人和女人都是按照上帝的形象和在上帝的眼中创造的，但同时告诉他们不能使用喷泉，不能和白人去同一个浴室，这是一回事。

BILLY GRAHAM: You cannot legislate morals.

比利·格雷厄姆：你不能对道德进行立法。

You cannot make people love each other.

你无法让人们彼此相爱。

That can only come from within.

那只能来自内部。

And whether you are of the white race or the Negro race in the United States, you have an obligation as a Christian to love your fellow man no matter who he may be.

无论你是美国的白人还是黑人，作为基督徒，你都有义务爱你的同胞，无论他是谁。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: After the New York campaign, Martin Luther King Jr. sees an opportunity with Billy Graham, to press him on civil rights.

博士。神学家乔纳森·李·沃尔顿：在纽约竞选之后，小马丁·路德·金看到了与比利·格雷厄姆一起向他施压的民权机会。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: Billy Graham is doing a crusade in San Antonio, Texas, and as is his common practice, he’s going to partner with prominent political officials to be part of it.

杰马尔·蒂斯比，作家：比利·格雷厄姆正在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥进行一场十字军东征，按照他的惯例，他将与著名的政治官员合作，参与其中。

And in this case, he has the governor of Texas, Price Daniel, on the program to introduce him.

在这种情况下，他有德克萨斯州州长普莱斯丹尼尔在节目中介绍他。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: The problem is Price Daniel is a noted segregationist.

作家杰马尔·蒂斯比：问题是普莱斯·丹尼尔是一位著名的种族隔离主义者。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Martin Luther King hears about this.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：马丁·路德·金听说了这件事。

And so he writes to Graham and asks Graham, would he please not appear on stage with Governor Price Daniel?

于是他写信给格雷厄姆，问格雷厄姆，他能不要和州长普赖斯·丹尼尔一起出现在舞台上吗？

Martin Luther King believes that if Billy Graham would rescind that appearance, that it would mean that Billy Graham was supportive of the civil rights movement and would not support an open segregationist.

马丁·路德·金认为，如果比利·格雷厄姆撤销这一露面，那就意味着比利·格雷厄姆支持民权运动，不会支持公开的种族隔离主义者。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham refuses.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒：比利·格雷厄姆拒绝了。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: One of Graham’s associates, Grady Wilson, wrote a letter saying, you know, essentially, ‘Billy loves Price Daniel as a Christian brother.

历史学家米勒：格雷厄姆的一位同事格雷迪·威尔逊（Grady Wilson）写了一封信，说，你知道，本质上，“比利爱普赖斯·丹尼尔，就像爱基督徒兄弟一样。”

And frankly, Dr. King, you should have a similar perspective as well.’

坦率地说，金博士，你也应该有类似的观点。

“EYES OF TEXAS” SINGER: The eyes of Texas are upon you, ‘til Gabriel blows his horn.

“德克萨斯之眼”歌手：德克萨斯的目光注视着你，直到加布里埃尔吹响号角。

1960 ELECTION

1960 年选举

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: The eight years of the Eisenhower administration were crucially important for Billy Graham.

传记作者威廉·马丁：艾森豪威尔执政的八年对于比利·格雷厄姆来说至关重要。

It opened the world up to him in a way that would not have been done otherwise, and he enjoyed that.

它以一种其他方式无法实现的方式向他打开了世界的大门，他很享受这一点。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham sees the 1960 election as his opportunity to become intimately engaged in political machinations which would lead to the election of his friend Richard Nixon over the Roman Catholic John F.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：比利·格雷厄姆将 1960 年的选举视为他密切参与政治阴谋的机会，这将导致他的朋友理查德·尼克松击败罗马天主教徒约翰·F·肯尼迪当选。

Kennedy.

肯尼迪.

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Billy had met Nixon all the way back to 1952 in the U.S. Senate dining room, and they immediately hit it off.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：早在 1952 年，比利就在美国参议院的餐厅里认识了尼克松，他们一拍即合。

They simply liked each other.

他们只是互相喜欢而已。

Their views largely synchronized, political views.

他们的观点基本上是同步的，政治观点。

They were both moderately conservative Republicans.

他们都是温和保守的共和党人。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Nixon’s more of a peer and they sort of grew up together, in a sense, that Nixon’s arrival as a famous public person, as a senator, and as a vice president corresponds with Graham’s.

南希·吉布斯，记者：尼克松更像是一个同侪，他们是一起长大的，从某种意义上说，尼克松作为著名公众人士、参议员和副总统的到来与格雷厄姆的情况相对应。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: There’s this extraordinary moment during the New York crusade where Nixon now, as vice president, comes to the crusade, and it’s one of the gatherings at Yankee Stadium.

南希·吉布斯，记者：在纽约十字军东征期间，有一个非同寻常的时刻，尼克松现在作为副总统，来到了十字军东征，这是洋基体育场的聚会之一。

And Graham and Nixon walk out onto the field together and the crowd just roars.

格雷厄姆和尼克松一起走上球场，人群一片欢呼。

And I think it not only was a visceral encounter with the power that Graham had over people, but it was an encounter with something that Nixon himself had never experienced in his public life.

我认为这不仅是对格雷厄姆对人的权力的一次发自内心的遭遇，也是对尼克松本人在公共生活中从未经历过的事情的遭遇。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Billy Graham knew what it was to be loved, knew what it was to experience public adulation, enormous respect.

南希·吉布斯，记者：比利·格雷厄姆知道被爱是什么，知道经历公众的奉承和巨大的尊重是什么。

And Nixon’s respect for it, maybe his envy of it, his understanding of that that was the way Graham was seen, I think had a real impact on Nixon.

尼克松对此的尊重，也许是他的嫉妒，他对格雷厄姆的看法的理解，我认为对尼克松产生了真正的影响。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: So there is all this background with Nixon, but now Nixon becomes the alternative to this Catholic candidate.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：尼克松有这样的背景，但现在尼克松成为了这位天主教候选人的替代者。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: For John Kennedy to be the democratic nominee and a Roman Catholic was for many American Protestants almost a kind of existential threat.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：对于许多美国新教徒来说，约翰·肯尼迪成为民主党候选人和罗马天主教徒几乎是一种生存威胁。

FRANCES FITZGERALD, WRITER: Protestants thought of Catholics as being ruled by the pope, having no sense of separation of church and state.

作家弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德：新教徒认为天主教徒由教皇统治，没有政教分离的感觉。

All those Catholic monarchies in Europe convinced them of that.

欧洲所有的天主教君主国都让他们相信了这一点。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: It’s not clear exactly what was said, but at some point in this meeting, they decided that they would work to derail Kennedy.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：目前还不清楚到底说了些什么，但在这次会议的某个时刻，他们决定要努力让肯尼迪脱轨。

KENNETH L.

肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: He wrote to Nixon and told him everything he was doing.

记者伍德沃德：他写信给尼克松，告诉他他所做的一切。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham sees racial equality as an important issue.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：比利·格雷厄姆认为种族平等是一个重要问题。

At the same time, he looks upon the activism of civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. as troubling.

与此同时，他认为像马丁·路德·金这样的民权领袖的激进主义令人不安。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: He believed in order.

南希·吉布斯，记者：他相信秩序。

Graham's really is a gospel of obedience.

格雷厄姆的福音确实是服从的福音。

The whole fundamental principle of civil disobedience, I think, is a hard one for him to really understand.

我认为，公民不服从的整个基本原则对他来说很难真正理解。

JEMAR TISBY, WRITER: Martin Luther King and others are really trying to provoke a response from segregationists in order to bring attention to these injustices.

作家杰马尔·蒂斯比：马丁·路德·金和其他人确实试图激起种族隔离主义者的反应，以引起人们对这些不公正现象的关注。

And so to that end, they go to the hotspots.

为此，他们前往热点地区。

And in 1963, Birmingham, Alabama was one of the hottest of the hotspots.

1963 年，阿拉巴马州伯明翰是最热门的热点地区之一。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference under the leadership of Dr. King plan a mass campaign to hold city leaders accountable for desegregating the city.

博士。神学家乔纳森·李·沃尔顿：金博士领导下的南方基督教领袖会议计划开展一场大规模运动，要求城市领导人对废除城市种族隔离负责。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: Graham urged King and other civil rights activists to, quote: “put the brakes on it a little bit” in Birmingham, to kind of slow down, wait for things to get better.

历史学家米勒：格雷厄姆敦促金和其他民权活动人士在伯明翰“稍微踩一下刹车”，放慢脚步，等待事情好转。

DAN RATHER, JOURNALIST: I was there for CBS News.

记者丹·拉瑟：我当时正在现场观看哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。

Dr. King was arrested.

金博士被捕。

He was put in jail.

他被关进监狱。

While in jail, he wrote the now-famous Letter from a Birmingham Jail.

在监狱里，他写下了现在著名的伯明翰监狱来信。

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.: My dear Fellow Clergymen…

小马丁·路德·金：我亲爱的牧师同胞们……

I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice...who constantly says, “I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action.” DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: Even though he’s speaking to those clergy members from the city of Birmingham, he’s articulating a larger critique of the white evangelical movement, namely, it’s moderates, of which Billy Graham is at the forefront.

我几乎得出了一个令人遗憾的结论：黑人迈向自由的最大绊脚石不是白人公民议员或三K党，而是白人温和派，他们更致力于“秩序”而不是正义……他们不断地说：“我同意你所追求的目标，但我不同意你直接行动的方法。”博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：尽管他是在对伯明翰市的神职人员发表讲话，但他对白人福音派运动提出了更大的批评，即温和派，其中比利·格雷厄姆处于最前沿。

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.: ...I have been disappointed with the church...

小马丁·路德·金：……我对教会感到失望……

In the midst of blatant injustices inflicted upon the Negro, I have watched white churchmen stand on the sideline and mouth pious irrelevancies and sanctimonious trivialities.

在黑人遭受公然不公的情况下，我看到白人牧师站在一旁，口中说出虔诚的无关紧要的话和道貌岸然的琐事。

DAN RATHER, JOURNALIST: I asked myself, “Where is Billy Graham?” He could make a big difference.

记者丹·拉瑟：我问自己，“比利·格雷厄姆在哪里？”他可以发挥很大的作用。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: By that point, Nixon had a close relationship with Graham for almost a generation.

历史学家米勒：到那时，尼克松与格雷厄姆的关系已经接近一代人了。

And so if Graham’s desire going back with Truman was to have that voice in the White House, why then he really had it.

因此，如果格雷厄姆重返杜鲁门的愿望是在白宫拥有这样的声音，那么为什么他真的拥有了它。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Nixon made it a point that if he didn't talk to Graham regularly that one of his closest aides would.

南希·吉布斯，记者：尼克松指出，如果他不定期与格雷厄姆交谈，他最亲密的助手之一就会这样做。

And when Graham called, his calls went through.

当格雷厄姆打电话时，他的电话接通了。

ARCHIVAL AUDIO: PHONE CALL BETWEEN BILLY GRAHAM AND RICHARD NIXON

档案音频：比利·格雷厄姆和理查德·尼克松之间的电话

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Graham goes to Vietnam, partly as a goodwill ambassador, in a semi-official way.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：格雷厄姆以半官方的方式前往越南，部分是作为亲善大使。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Graham’s position on the Vietnam War evolved.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：格雷厄姆对越南战争的立场发生了变化。

At the beginning he was a hawk.

一开始他是一只鹰。

In the late ‘60s, early ‘70s, he’s not as hawkish as he had been.

在 60 年代末、70 年代初，他不像以前那么鹰派了。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: In May of 1970, Nixon reveals to the public that America has actually widened the war in Vietnam.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：1970 年 5 月，尼克松向公众透露，美国实际上扩大了越南战争。

He promised to draw it down instead he’d actually expanded it, and he expanded it by invading Cambodia.

他承诺要缩减它，但实际上却扩大了它，他通过入侵柬埔寨扩大了它。

Kent State University / May 4, 1970 NEWS ANCHOR: The town of Kent and the Kent State campus erupted in violent demonstrations against America’s involvement in Cambodia and Vietnam, demonstrations that lasted four days and ended when four students died in a volley of National Guard gunfire.

肯特州立大学 / 1970 年 5 月 4 日新闻主播：肯特镇和肯特州立大学校园爆发了反对美国介入柬埔寨和越南的暴力示威活动，示威活动持续了四天，最终以四名学生在国民警卫队的齐射中丧生而结束。

REPORTER: What’s your reaction to the killings at Kent State?

记者：您对肯特州立大学的杀戮事件有何反应？

BILLY GRAHAM: I felt like somebody kicked me in the stomach.

比利·格雷厄姆：我感觉有人踢了我的肚子。

I just hoped and prayed this would not happen in America.

我只是希望并祈祷这不会发生在美国。

Because it could be the beginning of more violence.

因为这可能是更多暴力的开始。

May 28, 1970

1970 年 5 月 28 日

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Just a few weeks after the Kent State Killings, Billy Graham held a crusade in Knoxville, Tennessee.

传记作者威廉·马丁：肯特州立大学杀戮事件发生几周后，比利·格雷厄姆在田纳西州诺克斯维尔举行了一场十字军东征。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: The entire country is in turmoil and Nixon is looking for a way to counter-balance these protests.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：整个国家都处于动荡之中，尼克松正在寻找一种方法来平衡这些抗议活动。

And Billy Graham offers the way out by inviting him to come down to the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.

比利·格雷厄姆邀请他来到位于诺克斯维尔的田纳西大学，为他提供了一条出路。

Nixon had strong support in the region, especially in east Tennessee where Knoxville is located.

尼克松在该地区获得了强有力的支持，尤其是诺克斯维尔所在的田纳西州东部。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Graham steps forward to offer a very public vindication of the president at the moment he’s being vilified by everyone else.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：在总统遭到其他人诽谤的时刻，格雷厄姆挺身而出，公开为总统辩护。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Graham's primary loyalty was to Nixon.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：格雷厄姆的主要忠诚是尼克松。

And that trumped Graham's judgment about the morality of the expansion of the war in Southeast Asia.

这超越了格雷厄姆对东南亚战争扩大的道德判断。

Graham was willing to set that aside and say, ‘Nixon's the guy, Nixon's my person.

格雷厄姆愿意把这一点放在一边并说：‘尼克松是那个人，尼克松是我的人。

And I'm going to rescue him, at this moment of real political danger.’

在这个真正的政治危险时刻，我要拯救他。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: There was a celebration within the White House of these visuals of Richard Nixon side by side with Billy Graham in the face of these lawless heathen protesters.

记者南希·吉布斯：白宫内举行了一场庆祝活动，庆祝理查德·尼克松与比利·格雷厄姆并肩面对这些无法无天的异教徒抗议者的画面。

You couldn't have possibly packaged it more neatly for their purposes.

为了他们的目的，你不可能把它包装得更整齐。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: The gist of these ads was to try to persuade white Southerners, to abandon the Democratic Party for Nixon's Republican Party.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：这些广告的主旨是试图说服南方白人放弃民主党，转而支持尼克松的共和党。

And Graham is willing to go on record in a very, very graphic way, to make that happen.

格雷厄姆愿意以非常非常生动的方式记录下来，以实现这一目标。

Billy Graham: I really believe that the South will set an example of respect for law that will be a model for others to follow.

比利·格雷厄姆：我真的相信南方将树立尊重法律的榜样，成为其他国家效仿的榜样。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: The Nixon White House was really using Graham for their political ends.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：尼克松白宫实际上是在利用格雷厄姆来达到他们的政治目的。

Graham certainly played along with that.

格雷厄姆当然也同意这一点。

He was happy to help Nixon, in any way he could.

他很乐意尽其所能地帮助尼克松。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: At Billy Graham Day in 1971, the city of Charlotte shut down for the event.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：1971 年的比利·格雷厄姆日那天，夏洛特市因这一活动而关闭。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Schools were closed, businesses were closed, and the entire city just turned out to welcome home and celebrate their favorite son.

记者南希·吉布斯：学校关闭，企业关闭，整个城市都出来欢迎回家并庆祝他们最喜欢的儿子。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham Day was essentially a contrived event to celebrate Graham, and to give Nixon exposure in the region as well.

米勒，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆日本质上是一个人为庆祝格雷厄姆的活动，也是为了让尼克松在该地区曝光。

Graham and Nixon were basically making a campaign appearance together.

格雷厄姆和尼克松基本上是一起参加竞选活动。

Almost as if they were president and vice president.

几乎就像他们是总统和副总统一样。

DARREN DOCHUK, HISTORIAN: This is an apex in his career, a moment when he and Richard Nixon are tightly bound together in the political and cultural project of making American values.

达伦·多丘克，历史学家：这是他职业生涯的顶峰，在这一时刻，他和理查德·尼克松在塑造美国价值观的政治和文化项目中紧密结合在一起。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: Billy Graham Day was not about honoring God, it was about honoring Billy Graham, and so now he is the subject of all the adulation, and that had to be a very different kind of experience for him.

南希·吉布斯，记者：葛培理日不是为了纪念上帝，而是为了纪念葛培理，所以现在他成为了所有崇拜的对象，这对他来说一定是一次非常不同的经历。

And arguably, a dangerous one.

可以说，这是一种危险的行为。

OVAL OFFICE CONVERSATION / FEBRUARY 1, 1972

椭圆形办公室谈话 / 1972 年 2 月 1 日

But I’m 53, I don’t know how long I have anyway, so I don’t care.

但我已经53岁了，我不知道自己还能活多久，所以我不在乎。

Washington, DC / June 17, 1972 NEWS ACNHOR: What’s beginning to turn into a nightmare for the Republicans all began on June 17th when, according to police, five men were caught with bugging equipment inside the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate.

华盛顿特区 / 1972 年 6 月 17 日新闻 ACNHOR：共和党人的噩梦开始于 6 月 17 日，据警方称，五名男子在水门事件的民主党全国委员会总部内因携带窃听设备被捕。

GRAHAM AND NIXON AT A NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST

格雷厄姆和尼克松在全国祈祷早餐会上

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: When the Watergate story begins to surface, Graham is incredulous.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：当水门事件的故事开始浮出水面时，格雷厄姆感到难以置信。

He does not believe that Richard Nixon could have been involved in something this wrong.

他不相信理查德·尼克松可能参与了如此错误的事情。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Nixon had always presented himself to Graham as a devout fellow Christian, not an Evangelical, exactly, but as a devout fellow Christian.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：尼克松一直向格雷厄姆展示自己是一名虔诚的基督徒，确切地说，不是福音派，而是一名虔诚的基督徒。

And Graham took that as evidence of Nixon’s character.

格雷厄姆认为这是尼克松性格的证据。

NEWS REPORT ON WATERGATE; DAN RATHER NEWS REPORT NEWS ANCHOR: It was learned this week that another suspect received a 25,000 dollar cashier’s check, which had been intended for the president’s campaign.

关于水门事件的新闻报道；丹·拉瑟新闻报道 新闻主播：本周获悉，另一名嫌疑人收到了一张 25,000 美元的银行本票，这笔钱本来是用于总统竞选活动的。

DAN RATHER, JOURNALIST: The question is, if any or all of what is alleged to have been going on is true, how high up in the White House does it go, and is the president himself involved?

记者丹·拉瑟尔：问题是，如果据称发生的任何或全部事情属实，那么这件事涉及白宫的高层，总统本人是否参与其中？

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: Increasingly, Graham cannot deny that something illegal had taken place, but he didn’t think that Nixon had orchestrated it.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：格雷厄姆越来越无法否认发生了非法事件，但他不认为尼克松精心策划了这一切。

He’s saying, ‘Nixon could not be involved.

他说，‘尼克松不能参与其中。

He’s too moral.’ CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS ON WATERGATE; NEWS REPORT SENATOR: Are you aware of the installation of any listening devices in the Oval Office of the president?

他太道德了。”水门事件国会听证会；新闻报道参议员：您是否知道总统椭圆形办公室安装了任何监听设备？

ALEXANDER BUTTERFIELD: I was aware of listening devices, yes, sir.

亚历山大·巴特菲尔德： 是的，先生，我知道有监听设备。

NEWS ANCHOR: The tapes are crucial.

新闻主播：录音带至关重要。

For example, they could show whether John Dean was telling the truth when he said that President Nixon indicated knowledge of the Watergate coverup in a number of conversations at the White House.

例如，当约翰·迪恩说尼克松总统在白宫的多次谈话中表示了解水门事件的掩盖时，他们可以证明约翰·迪恩是否说的是实话。

TOM BROKAW, JOURNALIST: Watergate was not on the official agenda of the Southern Baptist convention, which ended in Dallas today, but as George Lewis reports, the subject was on the minds of many delegates.

记者汤姆·布罗考：水门事件并未出现在今天在达拉斯结束的美南浸信会大会的正式议程上，但正如乔治·刘易斯报道的那样，这个主题是许多代表的心头之念。

BILLY GRAHAM: There’s a little bit of Watergate in all of us, just don’t go around all self-righteous, talking about all those bad people.

比利·格雷厄姆：我们每个人身上都有一点水门事件的痕迹，只是不要自以为是地谈论那些坏人。

I know some bad people in both parties.

我认识两党都有一些坏人。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: In private, Billy Graham was working with Nixon’s staff and telling them, “Try to do some things to divert attention from this crisis.

传记作者威廉·马丁：私下里，比利·格雷厄姆正在与尼克松的幕僚合作，并告诉他们，“尝试做一些事情来转移人们对这场危机的注意力。

Maybe get people thinking about something else.

也许会让人们思考其他事情。

Concentrate on meeting famous people, having your picture taken with them.

集中精力结识名人，与他们合影。

NEWS ANCHOR: President Nixon has not yet responded to the sledgehammer decision by the Supreme Court today, which ruled that he must immediately turn over tapes of 64 presidential conversations.

新闻主播：尼克松总统尚未对最高法院今天作出的重大决定做出回应，该决定裁定他必须立即交出 64 段总统谈话的录音带。

In a unanimous decision written by Chief Justice Warren Burger, the court rejected eight to nothing Mr. Nixon’s claim of absolute privilege on those tapes.

在首席大法官沃伦·伯格 (Warren Burger) 撰写的一致裁决中，法院以八比零驳回了尼克松先生对这些录音带享有绝对特权的主张。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: When the White House tapes are released in April of ‘74, and the text is reprinted, Graham at first refuses to read them.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：当白宫录音带于 74 年 4 月发布并重印文字时，格雷厄姆起初拒绝阅读它们。

He doesn’t want to know the truth, all right?

他不想知道真相，好吗？

But by early May, he knows he has no choice.

但到了五月初，他知道自己别无选择。

REV.

修订版。

DR. JOHN HUFFMAN: The phone rings.

博士。约翰·霍夫曼：电话响了。

My secretary says, “A man claiming to be Billy Graham’s on the line.” I said, “Put him through,” and it was Billy.

我的秘书说：“电话里有一个自称比利·格雷厄姆的人。”我说：“让他接通”，然后就是比利了。

And he said, “John,” he said, “I just now have read the transcripts.

他说，“约翰，”他说，“我刚刚读了笔录。

I’m only halfway through and I just vomited.” REV.

我才刚吃到一半就吐了。”修订版。

DR. JOHN HUFFMAN: And he said, “You know, and I know that the president had to use some sleeping pills to counter jet lag and things like that.

博士。约翰·霍夫曼：他说，“你知道，我也知道总统必须服用一些安眠药来应对时差反应等。

I just wonder if something’s happened to him?” JOHN CHANCELLOR: The Reverend Billy Graham, who's been a friend of the President's for a long time, spoke out today on the moral tone of the President's edited White House transcripts.

我只是想知道他是不是出了什么事？”约翰·财政大臣：比利·格雷厄姆牧师是总统的长期朋友，今天就总统编辑的白宫记录的道德基调发表了讲话。

Graham said reading the tapes was a profoundly disturbing and disappointing experience.

格雷厄姆说，阅读磁带是一次令人深感不安和失望的经历。

He said he could not but deplore the moral tone implied.

他说他不得不对其中所隐含的道德基调感到遗憾。

DAN RATHER, JOURNALIST: My impression at the time was that Billy Graham felt it was best to say as little as possible, keep his head down and let the worst of it pass.

记者丹·拉瑟：当时我的印象是，葛培理觉得最好是尽可能少说话，低着头，让最糟糕的事情过去。

REPORTER: Why are you refusing to discuss it here for a moment or two?

记者：你为什么拒绝在这里讨论一两分钟？

It’s a rather serious...

这是一个比较严重的...

BILLY GRAHAM: Because this is a golf tournament, and I came out here to enjoy a day of golf.

比利·格雷厄姆：因为这是一场高尔夫锦标赛，我来这里是为了享受一天的高尔夫。

REPORTER: And your statement was a very serious thing towards the president of the United States, too, which is perhaps more important than a golf tournament.

记者：您的发言对美国总统来说也是一件非常严肃的事情，这可能比一场高尔夫锦标赛更重要。

BILLY GRAHAM: Well, that is up for me to judge.

比利·格雷厄姆：嗯，这由我来判断。

REPORTER: You don’t think it is?

记者：您认为不是吗？

BILLY GRAHAM: I am not making any comment.

葛培理：我不发表任何评论。

REPORTER: Dr. Graham, what do you think the transcripts show about the moral tone in the White House?

记者：格雷厄姆博士，你认为这些记录显示了白宫的道德基调是什么？

BILLY GRAHAM: No comment.

比利·格雷厄姆： 无可奉告。

I’m very sorry, but on another time, another occasion, I’d be happy to talk about it.

我很抱歉，但在另一个时间，另一个场合，我很乐意谈论这件事。

August 8, 1974 WALTER CRONKITE, JOURNALIST: In the White House, in just a few moments now, President Nixon will be appearing before the people perhaps for the last time as president of the United States.

1974 年 8 月 8 日沃尔特·克朗凯特，记者：在白宫，几分钟后，尼克松总统将可能最后一次作为美国总统出现在人民面前。

He had asked for this television time at 9 o’clock to make an announcement.

他要求在9点电视时间宣布这一消息。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: On the night Nixon finally is persuaded to resign, Billy Graham comes to Washington hoping to provide comfort in what was certainly Nixon’s darkest hour.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：在尼克松最终被说服辞职的那天晚上，比利·格雷厄姆来到华盛顿，希望在尼克松最黑暗的时刻提供安慰。

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: He told me that he wanted to be with Nixon to pray with him, but he couldn’t get to him.

传记作者威廉·马丁：他告诉我他想和尼克松一起祈祷，但他无法联系到他。

He couldn't even get the operator to put him through.

他甚至无法让接线员帮他接通。

RICHARD NIXON: I shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow.

理查德·尼克松：我将于明天中午辞去总统职务。

REPORTER: Here he is on the South Lawn already.

记者：他已经到了南草坪了。

Mr. Nixon as he leaves the White House here to board the helicopter for the flight to California.

尼克松先生离开白宫登上直升机飞往加利福尼亚州。

REPORTER: And there’s the president waving goodbye.

记者：总统正在挥手告别。

Can you hear the applause?

你能听到掌声吗？

WILLIAM MARTIN, BIOGRAPHER: Right after Nixon resigned, Billy Graham went back to his home in the mountains near Asheville, just to consider and absorb what had happened, what he’d been through.

传记作者威廉·马丁：尼克松辞职后，比利·格雷厄姆回到了阿什维尔附近山区的家，只是为了思考和吸收所发生的事情和他所经历的事情。

ANTHEA BUTLER, HISTORIAN: Billy Graham’s friendship with Richard Nixon had tainted the very work of his life.

安西娅·巴特勒，历史学家：比利·格雷厄姆与理查德·尼克松的友谊玷污了他一生的工作。

This is the first time that he’s had a huge moral misstep.

这是他第一次犯下严重的道德失误。

REV.

修订版。

DR. JOHN HUFFMAN: He was desolate.

博士。约翰·霍夫曼：他很孤独。

He was just beside himself with anguish.

他痛苦得发狂。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: His faith in this man turned out to be misplaced, and his faith in Nixon's goodness, and in his own judgment of Nixon's goodness.

南希·吉布斯，记者：事实证明，他对这个人的信任是错误的，他对尼克松的善良以及他自己对尼克松善良的判断的信任是错误的。

That's a crushing experience.

那是一次令人心碎的经历。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: You hitch your gospel wagon to a star.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：你把你的福音马车拴在一颗星星上。

When that star falls, so does the wagon.

当那颗星星陨落时，马车也会陨落。

RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: After Watergate, Billy Graham begins to focus more on international efforts.

历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默：水门事件之后，葛培理开始更多地关注国际努力。

Just a recognition that he needed to repair his own reputation after it had been, without any question, sullied.

只是认识到，在毫无疑问地玷污了自己的声誉之后，他需要修复自己的声誉。

BILLY GRAHAM: God loves you so much that he decided to save you.

葛培理：上帝非常爱你，所以他决定拯救你。

INTERPRETER: [speaks in French] BILLY GRAHAM: He was getting ready to die.

翻译：[用法语发言] 比利·格雷厄姆：他正准备去死。

He was getting ready to leave.

他正准备离开。

And the last word he said to the people was, “Love each other.” INTERPRETER: [speaks in Korean] BILLY GRAHAM: How many of you here today are dissatisfied?

他对人们说的最后一句话是：“彼此相爱。”翻译：[用韩语发言] 比利·格雷厄姆：今天在座的有多少人不满意？

INTERPRETER: [speaks in Polish] BILLY GRAHAM: You’re searching for something, and you don’t know what it is.

翻译：[用波兰语发言]比利·格雷厄姆：你正在寻找某样东西，但你不知道它是什么。

KENNETH L.

肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: He started going to Europe more often, especially Eastern Europe.

记者伍德沃德：他开始更频繁地去欧洲，尤其是东欧。

Not only do the Protestant churches support him, but the Catholic churches do.

不仅新教教会支持他，天主教堂也支持他。

Catholic Poland welcomes him.

天主教波兰欢迎他。

He never expected that.

他万万没想到会这样。

BILLY GRAHAM: How can I get that righteousness?

葛培理：我怎样才能获得正义呢？

How can I get this holiness?

我怎样才能得到这种圣洁呢？

Through the cross.

通过十字架。

INTERPRETER: [speaks in Polish] UTA A.

翻译：[用波兰语发言] UTA A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: The picture of world Christianity is changing, and Billy Graham is now going where Christianity is growing.

历史学家巴尔比尔：世界基督教的面貌正在发生变化，葛培理现在正前往基督教正在发展的地方。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: It broadens him.

南希·吉布斯（NANCY Gibbs），记者：这拓宽了他的视野。

He becomes less adamant in many ways, not about the truth of the gospel, but because he gets exposed to so many different ways of life and so many different kinds of people.

他在很多方面变得不那么坚定，不是因为福音的真理，而是因为他接触了这么多不同的生活方式和这么多不同类型的人。

New York City / September 1977 KENNETH L.

纽约市 / 1977 年 9 月 KENNETH L.

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: McCall's magazine asked me to interview him.

记者伍德沃德：麦考尔的杂志邀请我采访他。

We met in a mid-Manhattan hotel, a nice one, but the room was not big, and he's tall.

我们在曼哈顿中部的一家酒店见面，一家不错的酒店，但房间不大，而且他很高。

And he's trying to find a place to put his legs.

他正在努力寻找一个可以安放双腿的地方。

KENNETH L.

肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: He was tired.

记者伍德沃德：他很累。

He'd been gone for months and months.

他已经离开好几个月了。

He missed his wife.

他想念他的妻子。

That was part of the mood.

这是心情的一部分。

And so we're talking, and he said, "You know,” he said, “I used to think that all those Chinese babies who never had the gospel preached to them were all going to hell." He said, "I don't believe that anymore.” He said, “My job is to do the preaching, and God's job is to do the savings." KENNETH L.

所以我们正在谈论，他说，“你知道，”他说，“我曾经认为所有那些从未听过福音的中国婴儿都会下地狱。”他说：“我不再相信这一点了。”他说：“我的工作是传道，上帝的工作是储蓄。”肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: That's just not what you say if you're an evangelist.

记者伍德沃德：如果你是一名传道者，你就不会这么说。

You need this, and you need it today because tomorrow you may die and you're going to be burning in hell.

你需要这个，今天你需要它，因为明天你可能会死，你会在地狱里被焚烧。

KENNETH L.

肯尼斯·L。

WOODWARD, JOURNALIST: Billy finally said he would let God be God, let Him be the judge.

记者伍德沃德：比利最后说他会让上帝成为上帝，让他成为法官。

It's an extraordinary change.

这是一个非同寻常的变化。

NEWS ANCHOR: Nobody knows for sure how many conservative Christians there are in the United States.

新闻主播：没有人确切知道美国有多少保守派基督徒。

One estimate is from 30 to 65 million.

一项估计是 30 至 6500 万。

REPORTER: These people are born again Christians, millions of them are political conservatives who traditionally have not voted, but this year they’re being mobilized for Ronald Reagan.

记者：这些人都是重生的基督徒，其中数百万人是传统上不投票的政治保守派，但今年他们被动员起来支持罗纳德·里根。

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: Jerry Falwell came in to pick up the reigns of what Graham had created and took it to the next level.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：杰里·福尔韦尔接手了格雷厄姆创造的统治，并将其提升到了一个新的水平。

JERRY FALWELL: We have a threefold primary responsibility.

杰里·福尔韦尔：我们负有三重主要责任。

Number one, get people saved; number two, get them baptized; number three, get them registered to vote.

第一，让人们得救；第二，让他们受洗；第三，让他们登记投票。

DAN RATHER, JOURNALIST: This year, millions of evangelical Christians appear to be coming together to form a new and powerful force, one that could change the face of American politics.

记者丹·拉瑟：今年，数百万福音派基督徒似乎聚集在一起，形成一股新的强大力量，这股力量可能会改变美国政治的面貌。

JAMES ROBINSON: You stay home, you don’t get informed, you don’t get involved, you don’t get active, you don’t vote, you don’t care, you know who runs the country?

詹姆斯·罗宾逊：你待在家里，不了解情况，不参与，不积极活动，不投票，不在乎，你知道谁在治理这个国家吗？

The godless, wicked forces that are gonna sell you down the river.

不敬虔的邪恶势力会把你卖到河下游。

JERRY FALWELL: Good Christians make good citizens, and it’s a sin not to vote.

杰里·福尔韦尔：优秀的基督徒会成为优秀的公民，不投票是一种罪过。

TOM BROKAW, JOURNALIST: But they’re -- but they’re giving us a real litmus test about who is acceptable to the Moral Majority and then if they don’t meet this various check off on this list - candidates or other people in public life - then the Moral Majority brings its considerable resources to bear against that candidate.

记者汤姆·布罗考：但是他们给了我们一个真正的试金石，看看谁能被道德多数派接受，然后如果他们不符合这个名单上的各种检查——候选人或公共生活中的其他人——那么道德多数派就会拿出相当多的资源来反对那个候选人。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: I don't think that the rise of the religious right could have happened in the way that it did, had he not opened those doors, but the people who came flooding through those doors did so as he was going the other way.

南希·吉布斯，记者：我认为，如果他没有打开这些门，宗教右翼的崛起就不会以现在的方式发生，但当他走另一条路时，大量涌入这些门的人却这样做了。

HUMBLED SERVANT RANDALL BALMER, HISTORIAN: Graham comes out early in the 1980s against nuclear proliferation and in favor of nuclear disarmament.

谦卑的历史学家兰德尔·巴尔默（Randall Balmer）：格雷厄姆在 20 世纪 80 年代初就公开反对核扩散并支持核裁军。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: In 1982, he went to Moscow.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：1982 年，他去了莫斯科。

Graham's trip took place in the face of ardent opposition on the home front.

格雷厄姆之行是在国内遭到强烈反对的情况下进行的。

President Ronald Reagan was dubious.

罗纳德·里根总统对此表示怀疑。

The vice president, George Bush, actively opposed it.

副总统乔治·布什积极反对。

ANNE BLUE WILLS, HISTORIAN: The stakes were so high, not just for Billy and his reputation and his future work, but for the safety of the planet.

历史学家安妮·布鲁·威尔斯：赌注如此之高，不仅关系到比利和他的声誉以及他未来的工作，而且关系到地球的安全。

BILLY GRAHAM: There’s no doubt the world is facing the most critical moment since the beginning of human history.

葛培理：毫无疑问，世界正面临着人类历史开始以来最关键的时刻。

We live in a time which is without parallel because never before has humanity held in its hands such awesome weapons of mass destruction.

我们生活在一个史无前例的时代，因为人类手中从未掌握过如此可怕的大规模杀伤性武器。

But it is now time for us to urge the world to turn to a spiritual solution to this great problem.

但现在是我们敦促世界寻求精神解决方案来解决这一重大问题的时候了。

NANCY GIBBS, JOURNALIST: If you go back to the boy wonder preacher of 1949, where there was just no question about America as being the most righteous nation on earth.

南希·吉布斯，记者：如果你回到 1949 年的那个男孩奇迹传教士那里，毫无疑问美国是地球上最正义的国家。

He just became more aware of difference and of nuance and of complexity.

他只是变得更加意识到差异、细微差别和复杂性。

He became less American and more global.

他变得不再那么美国化，而更加全球化。

February 28, 2002 NEWS ANCHOR: Just when we think we've heard it all, more arises from the dark side of the only President to resign in disgrace.

2002 年 2 月 28 日新闻主播：就在我们以为自己已经听到了这一切的时候，这位唯一一位耻辱辞职的总统的阴暗面却出现了更多的消息。

Today's tapes include discomforting remarks as well by the Reverend Billy Graham.

今天的录音带还包括比利·格雷厄姆牧师的令人不安的言论。

REPORTER: The 500 hours of tapes released today, showing what one historian calls Nixon's own dark view of how the world works, where the enemy is not just the communists, it's also the media.

记者：今天发布的 500 小时录音带显示了一位历史学家所说的尼克松自己对世界运作方式的阴暗看法，敌人不仅是共产党，而且还有媒体。

RICHARD NIXON: ...Newsweek is totally, it's all run by Jews and dominated by them in their editorial pages.

理查德·尼克松：……《新闻周刊》完全是由犹太人经营的，并在社论版面中由他们主导。

The New York Times, The Washington Post, totally Jewish too…

《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》，也完全是犹太人的……

REPORTER: Listening in agreement is the Reverend Billy Graham.

记者：比利·格雷厄姆牧师表示同意。

BILLY GRAHAM: This stranglehold has got to be broken or this country is going to go down the drain.

比利·格雷厄姆：这种束缚必须被打破，否则这个国家将会陷入困境。

RICHARD NIXON: Do you believe that?

理查德·尼克松：你相信吗？

BILLY GRAHAM: Yes, sir.

比利·格雷厄姆：是的，先生。

RICHARD NIXON: I can't ever say it, but I believe it.

理查德·尼克松：我永远不能这么说，但我相信。

STEVEN P.

史蒂文·P。

MILLER, HISTORIAN: Even as he emerged as this kind of iconic figure in the '80s, '90s, and into the 21st century, the Nixon-Graham conversations more than anything were the kind of albatross that Graham had to deal with.

米勒，历史学家：尽管尼克松和格雷厄姆的谈话在 80 年代、90 年代以及进入 21 世纪成为这种标志性人物，但他仍然是格雷厄姆必须面对的沉重负担。

GRANT WACKER, BIOGRAPHER: The first thing he did was apologize.

传记作者格兰特·瓦克：他做的第一件事就是道歉。

He traveled to Cincinnati and to a group of rabbis.

他前往辛辛那提并拜访了一群拉比。

And, as the story goes, when he entered the room, he said, "I'm the one who should be kneeling and begging your forgiveness."

而且，正如故事所说，当他进入房间时，他说：“我应该跪下来请求你的原谅。”

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: As we reckon with Billy Graham’s life, I think we have to pay attention not just to the quarter century in which he was very politically active, but the slightly longer period that came after it in which he spent his time atoning for those actions.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：当我们回顾比利·格雷厄姆的一生时，我认为我们不仅要关注他在政治上非常活跃的四分之一个世纪，还要关注此后稍长的一段时期，在这段时期里，他花时间为这些行为赎罪。

GRAHAM’S FINAL CRUSADE June 26, 2005 / Queens, NY

格雷厄姆的最后十字军东征 2005 年 6 月 26 日 / 纽约皇后区

KEVIN KRUSE, HISTORIAN: He truly comes to be thought of as “America’s Pastor.” He can speak to not just presidents of both parties, but Americans from all walks of life.

历史学家凯文·克鲁斯：他确实被认为是“美国的牧师”。他不仅可以与两党总统交谈，还可以与各行各业的美国人交谈。

And I think his retreat from partisan politics is what enabled him to do that.

我认为他从党派政治中的退出使他能够做到这一点。

BILLY GRAHAM: You’ve come to this crusade expecting to live many more years, but you don’t know.

比利·格雷厄姆：你来到这个十字军东征希望能活很多年，但你不知道。

This may be the last day of your life.

这可能是你生命中的最后一天。

We never know.

我们永远不知道。

DR. JONATHAN LEE WALTON, THEOLOGIAN: Billy Graham put a face on everyday people who had been much ostracized and maligned, and he made them part of the establishment, he made them part of the mainstream.

博士。乔纳森·李·沃尔顿，神学家：比利·格雷厄姆给那些遭受过排斥和诽谤的普通人以面孔，他让他们成为当权派的一部分，他让他们成为主流的一部分。

UTA A.

乌塔A.

BALBIER, HISTORIAN: What is so interesting in Billy Graham's ministry is that someone who wanted to be so inclusive paved the ground for one of the most exclusive religious movements in the United States, the Religious Right.

历史学家巴尔比尔：比利·格雷厄姆的事工中最有趣的是，一个想要如此包容的人为美国最排外的宗教运动之一——宗教右翼——铺平了基础。

JEAN FORD, BILLY GRAHAM’S SISTER: And he said, “I would be honored.” And Leighton said, “What would you want her to say?”

比利·格雷厄姆的妹妹让·福特：他说：“我会很荣幸。”莱顿说：“你想让她说什么？”

LEIGHTON FORD, EVANGELIST: Long pause.

莱顿·福特（LEIGHTON FORD），福音传道者： 长时间停顿。

He said, “He tried to do what he thought he should.”

他说：“他试图做他认为应该做的事。”

Billy Graham died on February 21, 2018.

比利·格雷厄姆于 2018 年 2 月 21 日去世。

He was 99 years old.

他已经99岁了。

Billy Graham's unprecedented access to U.S. presidents ushered in a new era of evangelical influence in American politics.

比利·格雷厄姆史无前例地接触美国总统，开创了福音派影响美国政治的新时代。

One attendee on the “life-changing” experience of hearing Billy Graham speak.

一位与会者讲述了听比利·格雷厄姆演讲的“改变生活”的经历。

The famed evangelist met with every U.S. president from Truman to Trump.

这位著名的传道者会见了从杜鲁门到特朗普的每一位美国总统。

The fraught relationship between Martin Luther King, Jr. and Billy Graham.

马丁·路德·金和比利·格雷厄姆之间的紧张关系。

Billy Graham drew national attention with fiery sermons in tented revivals, known as “crusades.”

比利·格雷厄姆在被称为“十字军东征”的帐篷复兴中激烈的布道引起了全国的关注。

Historians Anthea Butler and Kevin Kruse speak with religion reporter at The Washington Post Michelle Boorstein about the connection between religion and politics in America.

历史学家安西娅·巴特勒和凯文·克鲁斯与《华盛顿邮报》宗教记者米歇尔·布尔斯坦谈论美国宗教与政治之间的联系。

How Billy Graham’s 1949 Los Angeles Revival Put Him—and Evangelical Christianity—on the National Map.

1949 年比利·格雷厄姆 (Billy Graham) 的洛杉矶复兴运动如何让他和福音派基督教出现在全国地图上。

William Franklin Graham, Jr. was born on November 7, 1918 in rural North Carolina.

小威廉·富兰克林·格雷厄姆 (William Franklin Graham, Jr.) 1918 年 11 月 7 日出生于北卡罗来纳州乡村。

In 1934, Graham attended a traveling revival meeting and had a religious experience.

1934年，格雷厄姆参加了一次旅行复兴聚会，并获得了宗教经历。

Explore the life of one of the best-known and most influential religious leaders of the 20th century.

探索 20 世纪最著名、最有影响力的宗教领袖之一的生活。