Building the Alaska Highway
: November 20, 1942.
： 1942 年 11 月 20 日。
On a remote vista in Yukon Territory, several hundred men braved bitter cold temperatures to mark the end of an ordeal few people thought possible: the completion of the 1,500-mile Alaska Highway.
在育空地区的一处偏僻远景上，数百名男子冒着严寒，标志着一场很少有人认为可能发生的磨难的结束：全长 1,500 英里的阿拉斯加高速公路竣工。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : The building of the Alaska Highway represented one of the great triumphs of the U.S. Army in 1942.
查尔斯·亨德里克斯 (CHARLES HENDRICKS)，军事历史学家：：阿拉斯加公路的修建代表了美国陆军 1942 年取得的伟大胜利之一。
KEN COATES, Historian: : They needed a high profile, high energy, big, dynamic project that said, "We'll do anything we have to do to defend North America."
历史学家肯·科茨：他们需要一个高调、高能量、大型、充满活力的项目，该项目说：“我们将竭尽全力保卫北美。”
: Born out of the shock of Pearl Harbor, the Alaska Highway was a first step in America's defense strategy -- a vital military supply line during World War Two.
：阿拉斯加高速公路诞生于珍珠港事件的冲击中，是美国国防战略的第一步，也是第二次世界大战期间重要的军事补给线。
Over 10,000 Army Engineers were rushed to the far Northwest.
超过一万名陆军工程兵被紧急送往遥远的西北地区。
Their mission was to blaze a road to Alaska in less than a year.
他们的任务是在不到一年的时间内开辟一条通往阿拉斯加的道路。
They battled mountains, muskeg and mosquitoes on a front that stretched across miles and miles of rugged, sub-Arctic terrain.
他们在绵延数英里崎岖的亚北极地形上与山脉、麝香和蚊子作战。
HAYWARD OUBRE, Army Engineer: : We were in wilderness.
海沃德·乌布雷（HAYWARD OUBRE），陆军工程师：我们当时在荒野中。
That's where the road was.
那就是路所在的地方。
Wilderness.
荒野。
Uncharted.
未知。
Nobody had been there before.
以前没有人去过那里。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : We kept the tractors going as much as we could.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：：我们尽可能地让拖拉机继续运转。
It was, it was tough.
是的，这很艰难。
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : It was actually a fight for survival against the weather.
威廉·格里格斯（WILLIAM GRIGGS），陆军工程师：：这实际上是一场与天气的生存之战。
: For a brief moment, their heroic efforts uplifted a nation in need of good news.
：在短暂的时刻，他们的英勇努力鼓舞了一个需要好消息的国家。
But soon other war stories overshadowed the triumph in the North, and the victory was quickly forgotten.
但很快其他战争故事就掩盖了北方的胜利，这场胜利很快就被遗忘了。
December 1941.
1941 年 12 月。
Thirty-year-old Ruth Gruber, a journalist from New York, was on a fact-finding expedition for the U.S. Secretary of the Interior to help promote Alaska Territory.
30 岁的纽约记者露丝·格鲁伯 (Ruth Gruber) 正在为美国内政部长进行实况调查，以帮助宣传阿拉斯加领地。
Eight months into her far-flung travels, Gruber found herself a part of an urgent military mission in the Bering Sea.
经过八个月的长途旅行后，格鲁伯发现自己正在白令海执行一项紧急军事任务。
RUTH GRUBER, Journalist: : I was on a Coast Guard cutter.
露丝·格鲁伯（RUTH GRUBER），记者：：我当时在海岸警卫队的一艘快艇上。
We were searching for Japanese fishing canneries that we suspected were spying, when word came that Pearl Harbor had been attacked, and it was really a frightening moment.
我们正在寻找我们怀疑正在从事间谍活动的日本渔罐头厂，当珍珠港遭到袭击的消息传来时，这真是一个可怕的时刻。
We didn't know how soon the Japanese would decide it was time to attack Alaska.
我们不知道日本人多久才会决定进攻阿拉斯加。
FRANKLIN D.
富兰克林 D.
ROOSEVELT, Archival: : We are now in this war...
罗斯福，档案：：我们现在正处于这场战争中......
So far, the news has been all bad...We have learned that our hemisphere is not immune from severe attack...
到目前为止，消息都是坏消息......我们了解到，我们的半球无法免受严重攻击......
that we cannot measure our safety in terms of miles on any map any more.
我们不能再用任何地图上的英里数来衡量我们的安全。
: In the weeks following Pearl Harbor, Americans feared that Japan's march across the Pacific would continue to the West Coast of North America.
：珍珠港事件发生后的几周内，美国人担心日本跨太平洋的进军将继续到达北美西海岸。
KEN COATES, Historian: : People who thought they were secure, who thought that in fact the World War was never going to affect them directly, all of a sudden now are living with the realization that the bombs could come the next day, that the next Pearl Harbor could be Vancouver, it could be San Francisco, it could be Los Angeles.
历史学家肯·科茨：那些认为自己很安全、认为事实上世界大战永远不会直接影响他们的人们，现在突然意识到炸弹可能会在第二天到来，下一个珍珠港可能是温哥华，可能是旧金山，也可能是洛杉矶。
: Alaska sat particularly vulnerable.
：阿拉斯加特别脆弱。
The territory's Aleutian Islands were only 750 miles from Japan's closest military base.
该领土的阿留申群岛距离日本最近的军事基地仅 750 英里。
: ...the Aleutian Islands stretched out invitingly towards a shrewd and daring enemy, and Japs in Alaska would be a direct threat to the West Coast of America and also to the interior...
：……阿留申群岛向精明而大胆的敌人伸出了诱人的目光，而阿拉斯加的日本人将对美国西海岸以及内陆地区构成直接威胁……
: At the beginning of 1942, the United States had some 20,000 troops stationed across Alaska.
：1942 年初，美国在阿拉斯加驻扎了大约 20,000 名士兵。
Of the Army's twelve bombers and twenty fighters -- only half were ready to meet an attack.
在陆军的十二架轰炸机和二十架战斗机中，只有一半做好了应对攻击的准备。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : Alaska's defenses were woeful.
军事历史学家查尔斯·亨德里克斯：阿拉斯加的防御非常糟糕。
The officer commanding the Alaska Defense Command was sending wires back to Washington saying, "If the Japanese come here, I can't defend Alaska, I don't have the resources."
阿拉斯加防御司令部的指挥官正在向华盛顿发回电报说：“如果日本人来到这里，我就无法保卫阿拉斯加，我没有资源。”
: As a quick solution, the Army Air Force rushed two squadrons of bombers and fighters to the territory by way of the Northwest Staging Route.
：作为快速解决方案，陆军空军将两个轰炸机和战斗机中队通过西北集结路线紧急赶往该地区。
The series of airfields in Northwest Canada were designed to ferry military aircraft and supplies from the Lower 48 to Alaska Territory.
加拿大西北部的一系列机场旨在将军用飞机和物资从 Lower 48 州运送到阿拉斯加领地。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : The airfields were in a very primitive state of construction and not all of them were operational.
HEATH TWICHELL，历史学家： 机场的建设处于非常原始的状态，并非所有机场都投入使用。
The combination of lack of navigation aids, untrained pilots, bad weather, and bad luck resulted in most of those planes crashing before they got to Alaska.
由于缺乏导航设备、未经训练的飞行员、恶劣的天气和运气不佳，导致大多数飞机在抵达阿拉斯加之前坠毁。
It was a real fiasco.
这真是一场惨败。
KEN COATES, Historian: : For the Americans it became an immediate and pressing issue: "What do we do to defend Alaska?" It was extremely vulnerable.
历史学家肯·科茨：对于美国人来说，这成为一个迫在眉睫的紧迫问题：“我们如何保卫阿拉斯加？”它非常脆弱。
Very quickly the idea of a highway to Alaska emerged as a major element in the entire North American strategy for the defense of the far northwest.
很快，修建通往阿拉斯加的高速公路的想法就成为整个北美防御远西北地区战略的一个主要组成部分。
: On February 11, just two months after Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt approved the construction of a highway to Alaska.
：2 月 11 日，珍珠港事件发生仅两个月后，罗斯福总统批准修建通往阿拉斯加的高速公路。
With sea lanes under attack, and air passage unreliable, the Secretary of War declared that "a land route to Alaska," was imperative from the viewpoint of National Defense." Military planners decided to connect the airbases of the Northwest Staging Route.
由于海上通道受到攻击，空中通道不可靠，战争部长宣布，从国防的角度来看，“一条通往阿拉斯加的陆路”势在必行。”军事规划者决定连接西北集结路线的空军基地。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: Roosevelt certainly saw a need to secure an air corridor to Alaska.
查尔斯·亨德里克斯，军事历史学家：罗斯福当然认为有必要确保一条通往阿拉斯加的空中走廊。
And that's what the Highway was primarily designed to support.
这就是高速公路的主要设计目的。
: The decision meant that the road would have to be blazed across 1,500 miles of remote, sub-Arctic wilderness and through the rugged Canadian Rockies.
：这一决定意味着这条道路必须穿越 1,500 英里的偏远亚北极荒野，并穿过崎岖的加拿大落基山脉。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : The terrain had not been mapped, and it would be like going from Washington, D.C. to Denver, Colorado, with no maps, and you just kind of knew about where it was, and in the process you're building a road.
土木工程师比利·康纳 (BILLY CONNOR)：地形还没有绘制出来，就像从华盛顿特区到科罗拉多州丹佛一样，没有地图，你只是知道它在哪里，在这个过程中你正在修建一条道路。
: The War Department snapped into action, assigning the monumental job to the Army Corps of Engineers.
：陆军部迅速采取行动，将这项艰巨的任务交给了陆军工程兵团。
The order was deceptively simple: build a road to Alaska as fast as possible, and before the arrival of the next winter about eight months away.
命令看似简单：在大约八个月后的下一个冬天到来之前，尽快修建一条通往阿拉斯加的道路。
The Corps rushed over 10,000 men north on troop trains loaded with some of the 250,000 tons of equipment, materials, and supplies the mission would require.
海军陆战队将 10,000 多名人员乘坐运兵列车送往北方，列车上装载着任务所需的 25 万吨设备、材料和补给品。
: The battle plan called for seven engineering regiments.
：作战计划需要七个工程团。
Three would be made up of African American soldiers.
其中三人将由非裔美国士兵组成。
Once in place, the engineers would attack the wilderness from several fronts, joining the long road section by section.
一旦到位，工兵们将从多条战线进攻荒野，一段一段地加入漫长的道路。
It was a hastily conceived plan hatched in Washington by officers with no experience working in Arctic regions.
这是一项由没有北极地区工作经验的官员在华盛顿仓促制定的计划。
KEN COATES, Historian: : The American government had to reassure the people of North America that the continent was safe, and that putting a couple more ships on the West Coast wasn't gonna do it.
历史学家肯·科茨：美国政府必须向北美人民保证，北美大陆是安全的，在西海岸再多放几艘船是行不通的。
They needed a high profile, high energy, big, dynamic project that said, "We'll do anything we have to do to defend North America."
他们需要一个高调、高能量、大型、充满活力的项目，该项目说：“我们将尽一切努力来保卫北美。”
: Now a key part of protecting Alaska would fall to soldiers armed, not with tanks, but with bulldozers.
：现在，保护阿拉斯加的关键部分将落到武装士兵身上，不是坦克，而是推土机。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : There were people who had said, "This can't be done, certainly not in a year." There was no certainty that they would find a buildable route through the Rockies.
历史学家希斯·特威切尔：有人说过：“这是不可能完成的，一年内肯定完成不了。”不确定他们能否找到一条穿越落基山脉的可建造路线。
They didn't know whether they could get it through or not.
他们不知道自己能否顺利通过。
They really did not know.
他们真的不知道。
: In March, the engineers began arriving in the Far North.
：三月份，工程师们开始抵达远北地区。
As his ship pulled into Prince William Sound, Hayward Oubre, a university-trained artist from New Orleans, caught sight of Alaska.
当他的船驶入威廉王子湾时，来自新奥尔良的大学艺术家海沃德·乌布雷（Hayward Oubre）看到了阿拉斯加。
HAYWARD OUBRE, Army Engineer: : When you first behold the beauty and nature in Alaska, you are overwhelmed.
海沃德·乌布雷（HAYWARD OUBRE），陆军工程师：：当您第一次看到阿拉斯加的美丽和自然风光时，您会被震撼。
It was in April, the snow was on the ground, I had my parka on, and I said, "Praise God.
那是在四月，地上有雪，我穿着派克大衣，我说：“赞美上帝。
I've never seen a landscape so beautiful."
我从来没有见过如此美丽的风景。”
: John Bollin had quit his dry cleaning job in Virginia to enlist in the Army.
：约翰·博林 (John Bollin) 辞掉了弗吉尼亚州的干洗工作，去参军。
JOHN BOLLIN, Army Engineer: : Our first look at Alaska was in Skagway.
约翰·博林（JOHN BOLLIN），陆军工程师：：我们第一次看到阿拉斯加是在史凯威。
To see a mountain close up, and to go up it, it's a thrill of a lifetime.
近距离观察一座山并登上它，这是一生难忘的刺激。
And you get to wherever you think the top is, and there's more snow up there than you've ever seen.
当你到达任何你认为的山顶时，那里的雪比你见过的还要多。
: For other soldiers, like Henry Geyer, a truck driver from Pittsburgh, the first day hinted at hardships to come.
：对于其他士兵来说，比如来自匹兹堡的卡车司机亨利·盖尔（Henry Geyer），第一天就预示着困难即将到来。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : It was 30, 40-below zero, and you were going from California, Fort Ord, and that kind of weather, up into snow and ice and, so it wasn't, it was no picnic.
亨利·盖尔，陆军工程师：当时气温为零下 30 度、40 度，你要从加利福尼亚州奥德堡出发，在这种天气下，会遇到冰雪，所以不是，这不是野餐。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : The first day we were there, our food was freezing in our mess kits and we had to unload the train, the trains were coming in with supplies, and people.
军需军团弗雷德·米姆斯 (FRED MIMS)：我们到达那里的第一天，我们的食物在我们的餐具中结冰了，我们不得不从火车上卸下货物，火车带着物资和人员进来。
From there on in, it was just, struggle and organizing.
从那时起，一切就变成了斗争和组织。
: Fred Mims, a South Carolina bus driver before the war, served as a lieutenant in the Quartermaster Corps attached to the highway project.
：战前，弗雷德·米姆斯 (Fred Mims) 是南卡罗来纳州的一名公交车司机，曾在隶属高速公路项目的军需军团担任中尉。
In charge of supplying the troops, the Quartermaster Corps had issued effective cold-weather gear like down sleeping bags, fur parkas and lambskin caps.
负责给部队提供补给的军需军团发放了羽绒睡袋、毛皮大衣和小羊皮帽等有效的寒冷天气装备。
But the rubber boots and woolen gloves the soldiers got were no match for the extreme cold.
但士兵们的橡胶靴和羊毛手套根本无法抵御严寒。
"There were many cases of badly frozen feet," reported one officer.
一名警官报告说：“有很多双脚严重冻伤的病例。”
"Tractor operators were found along the road sitting by their parked equipment and crying violently so great was the cold."
“人们发现拖拉机操作员坐在路边停放的设备旁边，因为天气太冷而大声哭泣。”
Most of the soldiers sent to the North had a lot to learn about road building.
大多数被派往北方的士兵都有很多关于修路的知识。
Chester Russell from Kingsburg, California, who had worked the rodeo circuit before being drafted, suddenly was told he would be driving a 19-ton D-8 bulldozer.
来自加利福尼亚州金斯堡的切斯特·拉塞尔 (Chester Russell) 在被征召入伍之前曾参加过牛仔竞技表演，突然被告知他将驾驶一台 19 吨 D-8 推土机。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : I ended up as swamper, what they call a swamper on a D-8.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：：我最终成为了沼泽地人，他们称之为 D-8 上的沼泽地人。
A D-8 tractor, I'd never seen one before.
一辆 D-8 拖拉机，我以前从未见过。
At 21-one-years old, I wasn't prepared, I'll guarantee ya'.
在 21 岁的时候，我还没有做好准备，我向你保证。
I'll guarantee ya', I wasn't prepared.
我向你保证，我还没准备好。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : The units that served on the Alaska Highway had less experience with the heavy equipment than would have been desirable.
查尔斯·亨德里克斯，军事历史学家：：在阿拉斯加公路上服役的部队使用重型装备的经验比预期的要少。
So, they had some on-the-job training to do in difficult circumstances.
因此，他们在困难的情况下需要接受一些在职培训。
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : I got assigned to the maintenance of the bulldozers, and my first actual experience with the bulldozers was after we got there.
奥尔登·哈克（ALDEN HACKER），陆军工程师：：我被分配负责推土机的维护，我第一次实际体验推土机是在我们到达那里之后。
My degree was in metallurgical engineering.
我的学位是冶金工程。
I was more comfortable with a microscope in a laboratory than I was with a bulldozer or some of the other tools of highway building.
与使用推土机或其他高速公路建设工具相比，我在实验室中使用显微镜更舒服。
JOHN BOLLIN, Army Engineer: : My responsibility was to take care of the heavy equipment.
约翰·博林（JOHN BOLLIN），陆军工程师：：我的职责是照顾重型设备。
Most of the equipment, I had never seen.
大多数设备我从未见过。
Being an asphalt and concrete city boy, I didn't know nothing about this heavy equipment.
作为一个沥青和混凝土城市男孩，我对这种重型设备一无所知。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : When we went up there, we learned on the job and in a hurry.
陆军工程师亨利·盖耶 (HENRY GEYER)：：当我们去那里时，我们在工作中快速学习。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : My job was to try to organize the supplies that were coming in in crates.
FRED MIMS，军需官：我的工作是尝试整理装在板条箱里的补给品。
We had just mountains of big crates of canned goods.
我们只有堆积如山的大箱罐头食品。
We were pretty well confused about the stuff because most of our people didn't know the difference: a Number 2 can of beans and a Number 10 can of beans.
我们对这些东西感到非常困惑，因为我们大多数人都不知道其中的区别：2 号罐头豆子和 10 号罐头豆子。
We had to organize and find out how to do that.
我们必须组织起来并找出如何做到这一点。
It took awhile to get started.
花了一段时间才开始。
: The engineers overwhelmed small towns like Dawson Creek, British Columbia, where the arrival of one regiment tripled the town's population almost overnight.
：工程师们淹没了不列颠哥伦比亚省道森克里克等小镇，一个团的到来几乎在一夜之间使该镇的人口增加了两倍。
BOB TRAIL, Canadian resident: : No one knew what was going on.
BOB TRAIL，加拿大居民：：没有人知道发生了什么事。
We didn't know anything about it until the troop trains started coming, and the equipment, and the Army vehicles, and it was just amazing.
直到部队列车、装备和陆军车辆开始到来之前，我们对此一无所知，这真是太神奇了。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : This is an outfit of a thousand men, several hundred trucks, dozens and dozens of bulldozers and cranes, and other pieces of heavy equipment, and literally hundreds of tons of supplies, everything from gasoline and diesel fuel, to food and spare parts.
历史学家希斯·特维奇尔：这是一个由一千名人员、数百辆卡车、数十台推土机和起重机以及其他重型设备以及数百吨补给品组成的队伍，从汽油和柴油到食品和备件，应有尽有。
ALICE SUMMER, Canadian resident: : It was very exciting.
加拿大居民 ALICE SUMMER： ：非常令人兴奋。
There was American soldiers everywhere.
到处都是美国士兵。
It made us a great deal more aware of the war.
这让我们对这场战争有了更多的认识。
They were building this highway to protect us.
他们修建这条高速公路是为了保护我们。
We felt very involved.
我们感到非常投入。
: In April, shocking news from the Philippines reached the North: nearly 80,000 American and Filipino troops had surrendered in Bataan.
：4月，来自菲律宾的令人震惊的消息传到北方：近8万名美国和菲律宾军队在巴丹投降。
Officers on the highway decided to start work right away, even though they had no route through the Rocky Mountains.
高速公路上的官员决定立即开始工作，尽管他们没有穿越落基山脉的路线。
On April 11, 1942 construction officially began on the Alaska Highway.
1942年4月11日，阿拉斯加公路正式动工。
Of the 11,000 men sent north, nearly 4,000 were African American.
在被派往北方的 11,000 人中，近 4,000 人是非裔美国人。
As throughout the segregated U.S. military, white and black engineers on the Alaska Highway project were kept apart.
与整个隔离的美国军队一样，阿拉斯加高速公路项目的白人和黑人工程师也被分开。
Black soldiers worked under the command of white officers.
黑人士兵在白人军官的指挥下工作。
Faced with a shortage of troops after Pearl Harbor, the Secretary of War had forced the Army to assign black engineers to the mission.
珍珠港事件后，面对兵员短缺，战争部长迫使陆军指派黑人工程师执行任务。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : The Army had a policy at the time that was based on the supposition that blacks would not function well in extreme cold climates.
历史学家希斯·特维奇尔：当时陆军制定了一项政策，该政策基于这样的假设：黑人在极端寒冷的气候下无法正常工作。
And so there was a kind of de facto ban on sending black units to any place like Alaska or Canada.
因此，实际上存在一种禁止向阿拉斯加或加拿大等任何地方派遣黑人部队的禁令。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : The employment of African American troops on the Alaska Highway was seen by some in the Army, I'm sure, as an experiment.
军事历史学家查尔斯·亨德里克斯：我确信，陆军中的一些人将在阿拉斯加高速公路上部署非裔美国军队视为一项实验。
Not everybody thought it was the best choice.
并非所有人都认为这是最好的选择。
: Many white officers had doubts about the character and ability of black soldiers.
：许多白人军官对黑人士兵的性格和能力表示怀疑。
"The Negro is careless, shiftless, irresponsible and secretive," described a military study.
一项军事研究描述说：“黑人粗心、懒惰、不负责任、遮遮掩掩。”
"He is best handled with praise and by ridicule."
“对待他最好的方式是赞扬和嘲笑。”
ALVIN SCHEXNIDER, Historian: : This study came from the Army War College.
历史学家阿尔文·舍克斯尼德 (ALVIN SCHEXNIDER)：：这项研究来自陆军战争学院。
It's a finishing school for officers who are going to have successful careers, and this is what they were being taught.
这是一所为即将取得成功职业生涯的军官提供的精修学校，这就是他们所教授的内容。
And so you can imagine the kinds of stereotypes that the officers entered this experience with, and how difficult it was for the black troops.
所以你可以想象军官们带着什么样的刻板印象进入这次经历，以及黑人部队的困难有多大。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : In the minds of most senior white officers, black troops were not as capable in terms of their technical efficiency and ability to use the equipment.
历史学家希斯·特威切尔：在大多数高级白人军官的心目中，黑人部队在技术效率和使用装备的能力方面不如黑人部队。
There was an expectation that they would do poorly.
人们预计他们会表现不佳。
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : While it today sounds very prejudiced, it was generally felt that the African American troops, were a little lacking in the necessary qualifications of intelligence, and background, and training to do as well as a corresponding Caucasian.
陆军工程师奥尔登·哈克：虽然今天听起来非常有偏见，但人们普遍认为非洲裔美国军队在情报、背景和训练方面有点缺乏必要的资质，无法与相应的白人军队媲美。
ALVIN SCHEXNIDER, Historian: : Almost anything that they did was likely to be severely scrutinized.
历史学家阿尔文·舍克斯尼德 (ALVIN SCHEXNIDER)：：他们所做的几乎任何事情都可能受到严格审查。
These men were under enormous pressure.
这些人承受着巨大的压力。
KEN COATES, Historian: : People who had not traveled into the northwest of North America have absolutely no idea what the engineers faced in 1942.
历史学家肯·科茨 (KEN COATES)：：没有去过北美西北部的人绝对不知道 1942 年工程师们面临着什么。
When they started this construction, they knew virtually nothing about the area.
当他们开始建设时，他们对该地区几乎一无所知。
The suggestion that you will build a highway through 1,500 miles of this territory without really understanding what you're doing, and you'll simply say you must get it done in a year.
建议您在没有真正了解自己在做什么的情况下修建一条穿越该地区 1,500 英里的高速公路，并且您只会说必须在一年内完成。
It's an arrogant act in one sense, and it's also a very courageous one.
从某种意义上来说这是一种傲慢的行为，同时也是一种非常勇敢的行为。
: In the rush to get the Army Engineers north, some regiments arrived before their equipment, forcing the men to begin clearing the path by hand.
：在急于让陆军工兵北上的过程中，一些团先于他们的装备到达，迫使士兵们开始用手清理道路。
At Charlie Lake, near Fort St. John, British Columbia, officers eager to press ahead decided to ferry some of their construction equipment to a new position.
在不列颠哥伦比亚省圣约翰堡附近的查理湖，急于推进的官员们决定将他们的一些建筑设备运送到新的位置。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : What they had done, they had constructed a raft-type thing.
FRED MIMS，军需军团：：他们所做的，他们建造了一个木筏式的东西。
They took two pontons and put a road section between the two pontons.
他们拿了两个浮桥，并在两个浮桥之间放置了一段路段。
And with that, they could load heavy equipment on it and take it about 12-14 miles up the lake.
这样，他们就可以在上面装载重型设备，并将其带到湖上约 12-14 英里。
: May 15th.
： 5 月 15 日。
Storm clouds menaced over Charlie Lake as the men launched the makeshift raft.
当人们放下临时搭建的木筏时，查理湖上空乌云密布。
ALICE SUMMER, Canadian resident: : To the people who lived around Charlie Lake, they knew they shouldn't be on the lake when the conditions were like that.
加拿大居民 ALICE SUMMER： 对于居住在查理湖周围的人们来说，他们知道在这种情况下他们不应该在湖上。
And how come the soldiers were allowed to be out on the lake when the conditions were such?
在这种情况下，为什么允许士兵们到湖上去呢？
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : They had a special outfit that's supposed to know what they was doing.
华莱士·利特尔（WALLACE LYTLE），陆军工程师：：他们有一套特殊的装备，应该知道他们在做什么。
But they overloaded these pontoon boats.
但他们使这些浮桥船超载了。
They had a weapons carrier, and they had a D-4 Caterpillar on it and a bunch of food supplies.
他们有一艘武器运输车，上面有一架 D-4 毛毛虫和一堆食物补给。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : I was within 100 yards of the shore of the lake, and somebody came running back up and said something had happened to the units.
FRED MIMS，军需军团：：我距离湖岸不到 100 码，有人跑回来并说部队出事了。
: A sudden squall had engulfed the barge.
：一场突如其来的暴风雨吞没了驳船。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : The waves started coming over the front of it, and they'd turned to go to shore.
华莱士·利特尔（WALLACE LYTLE），陆军工程师：海浪开始从它的前面涌过来，然后转向岸边。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : One of the Caterpillar tractors, I think, slid sideways a little bit, and it caused it to capsize and turn over.
FRED MIMS，军需军团：：我认为其中一台卡特彼勒拖拉机向侧面滑动了一点，导致其倾覆并翻倒。
And all of them went down in the lake.
然后他们就全部沉入湖中。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : Well, the thing sank in seconds.
华莱士·利特尔，陆军工程师：嗯，那东西几秒钟就沉没了。
I mean, it just went right down.
我的意思是，它就这样下降了。
ALICE SUMMER, Canadian resident: : The hypothermia in the first part of May would happen very, very quickly.
加拿大居民 ALICE SUMMER：：五月初的体温过低会非常非常快地发生。
: A local trapper witnessed the accident and made three desperate trips in his rowboat to try and rescue the men.
：当地一名捕猎者目睹了这起事故，并绝望地驾驶划艇三趟试图营救这些人。
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : There were five men saved, but there were 12 drowned.
FRED MIMS，军需军团：：有 5 人获救，但有 12 人溺水身亡。
It was quite a shock to all of us, and everybody felt bad about it.
这对我们所有人来说都很震惊，每个人都对此感到难过。
It was a bad start.
这是一个糟糕的开始。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : We was out searching for the bodies.
华莱士·利特尔（WALLACE LYTLE），陆军工程师：：我们出去寻找尸体。
It's not a happy thought, but we just, we just went on.
这不是一个令人高兴的想法，但我们只是，我们只是继续前进。
That's, that's the way it was.
就是这样，就是这样。
: Two weeks later, on June 3, 1942, what Americans had feared since Pearl Harbor became a reality, when the Japanese attacked North America at Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands.
：两周后，即 1942 年 6 月 3 日，美国人自珍珠港事件以来所担心的事情成为了现实，日本人在阿留申群岛的荷兰港袭击了北美。
American casualties topped 100.
美军伤亡突破100人。
RUTH GRUBER, Journalist: : The Aleutians were a very important part of Alaska for the war.
露丝·格鲁伯（RUTH GRUBER），记者：阿留申群岛是战争中阿拉斯加非常重要的一部分。
And if you look at a map, you see the Aleutian Islands are separated from the mainland and they go this way.
如果你看地图，你会发现阿留申群岛与大陆是分开的，它们是这样走的。
And it's like a dagger pointing right at Japan.
这就像一把匕首直指日本。
And that's why it was so clear to some of us that the Japanese would come up and try to invade through the Aleutians.
这就是为什么我们中的一些人如此清楚日本人会出现并试图通过阿留申群岛入侵。
: In less than a week, Japan seized two islands at the far reaches of the Aleutian chain.
：不到一周的时间，日本占领了阿留申群岛最远端的两个岛屿。
Foreign forces had captured American territory for the first time since the War of 1812.
自 1812 年战争以来，外国军队首次占领美国领土。
With Japanese troops encamped on Alaskan soil, the war in the Pacific had come to the doorstep of North America.
随着日本军队在阿拉斯加的土地上扎营，太平洋战争已经来到了北美的家门口。
ALICE SUMMER, Canadian resident: : We were afraid that the Japanese were going to come through into Alaska.
加拿大居民 ALICE SUMMER：我们担心日本人会进入阿拉斯加。
I mean we didn't know what we were dealing with.
我的意思是我们不知道我们在处理什么。
Maybe our lives were on the line too?
也许我们的生命也岌岌可危？
KEN COATES, Historian: : All of a sudden, they were the front lines of the war, as opposed to being in the back corner of an international war effort.
历史学家肯·科茨：突然之间，他们成为了战争的前线，而不是处于国际战争努力的后角。
And it gave them a sense of purpose.
这给了他们一种使命感。
They were saving democracy.
他们正在拯救民主。
They were saving North America.
他们正在拯救北美。
: Warmer weather brought new problems for the Engineers.
：温暖的天气给工程师带来了新的问题。
Spring rains created miles of mud, and by the start of June, the Corps had completed only 95 miles of road.
春雨造成了数英里的泥泞，到 6 月初，军团仅完成了 95 英里的道路。
Plus major sections of the proposed route for the Alaska Highway crossed large stretches of wet, decayed vegetation called "muskeg."
另外，拟建的阿拉斯加高速公路路线的主要路段穿过大片潮湿、腐烂的植被，称为“muskeg”。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : This fella' told Sergeant King, "You better watch that muskeg because it'll get you." Sergeant King, he was pattin' his old .45, and he says, "That's all right," he says, "I've got my .45.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：：这个家伙告诉金中士，“你最好小心那个马斯克，因为它会抓住你的。”金中士，他正在拍他的旧 0.45 枪，他说：“没关系，”他说，“我已经拿到了我的 0.45 枪。
I'm not afraid of it." We learned what muskeg was for sure, I'll guarantee you.
我不怕它。”我向你保证，我们确实了解了麝香枪是什么。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : Muskeg is basically a frozen wetland.
BILLY CONNOR，土木工程师：：马斯基格基本上是一片冰冻湿地。
Constructing over muskeg is an extreme challenge.
建造马斯克格是一项极端的挑战。
In the wintertime, you can simply run across it.
冬天的时候，你可以简单地跑过去。
It's frozen; it's hard; it's not too much of a problem.
它被冻结了；这很难；这不是什么太大的问题。
But in the summertime, it starts to thaw and you end up with a large shallow lake.
但在夏季，它开始融化，最终出现一个大浅湖。
Think of thawing muskeg as a big sponge.
将解冻的麝香想象成一块大海绵。
If you put weight on it, the water squishes out and everything sinks, and you end up having a very difficult time getting across that terrain.
如果你在上面施加重量，水就会被挤压出来，所有东西都会下沉，你最终会很难穿过那个地形。
: The muskeg the engineers encountered ranged from small, shallow bogs to swamps several miles long, and over 25 feet deep.
：工程师遇到的沼泽范围从小而浅的沼泽到几英里长、超过 25 英尺深的沼泽。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : And if you get a tractor in it, it just sit there and vibrate, if you leave it running, and it just vibrate till the darn thing buries itself.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：如果你把拖拉机放进去，它就会坐在那里振动，如果你让它继续运转，它就会振动，直到那该死的东西把自己埋起来。
BOB BATEY, Army Engineer: : As soon as the ground thawed, we really had stick-in-the-mud problems.
陆军工程师鲍勃·贝蒂 (BOB BATEY)：地面解冻后，我们确实遇到了棘手的问题。
: Crews used bulldozers and dynamite to clean out shallow sections of muskeg.
：工作人员使用推土机和炸药清理麝香枪的浅部。
But deeper pools could swallow the dozers whole.
但更深的水池可能会吞掉整个推土机。
The Corps decided the best way to deal with muskeg was to go around it.
军团决定对付马斯克的最佳方法是绕过它。
Survey teams hugged hillsides and dramatically bent the road in a series of wild zig-zags to avoid muskeg bogs.
勘察队紧贴山坡，将道路大幅弯曲成一系列狂野的之字形，以避免沼泽沼泽。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : If you run into conditions that was -- you couldn't go on, you moved right or left, one or the other.
华莱士·利特尔（WALLACE LYTLE），陆军工程师：如果你遇到了这样的情况——你无法继续前进，你就会向右或向左移动，要么向左移动，要么向左移动。
You moved.
你搬家了。
BOB BATEY, Army Engineer: : It looked like we didn't know what we were doing, because sometimes we'd head off one way and head off another way, and finally end up going through the most favorable route -- not the best, but the most favorable.
陆军工程师鲍勃·贝蒂：看起来我们不知道自己在做什么，因为有时我们会走一条路，又走另一条路，最后走的是最有利的路线——不是最好的，而是最有利的。
: When the engineers couldn't go around the muskeg, officers ordered the men to "corduroy" the road.
：当工程师们无法绕过火枪时，军官们命令他们用“灯芯绒”道路。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : They laid down trees along the roadway, and then put logs across those trees transverse to the roadway and then put the fill on top of that.
比利·康纳（BILLY CONNOR），土木工程师：：他们沿着道路铺设树木，然后将原木横放在道路上的树木上，然后将填充物放在上面。
And in effect it floated the roadway across the muskeg.
实际上，它漂浮在道路上，穿过麝香枪。
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : Laying down corduroy takes an awful lot of labor, because it's all hand.
陆军工程师奥尔登·哈克 (ALDEN HACKER)：：铺设灯芯绒需要大量劳动力，因为全是手工。
You cut the trees down, lug them over, place them in position, and go back and get more trees and do the same thing.
你砍倒树木，把它们拖过去，把它们放在适当的位置，然后回去拿更多的树，做同样的事情。
: As much as the officers wanted to punch the highway through in a hurry, dealing with muskeg and mud drastically slowed things down.
：尽管警察们很想尽快冲过高速公路，但处理麝香枪和泥土却大大减慢了速度。
By the end of June after three months of work, the Engineers had constructed 360 miles of road.
经过三个月的工作，到 6 月底，工程师们已经修建了 360 英里的道路。
The Army knew it had about four months left to build at least 1,100 more miles before winter arrived.
陆军知道，在冬季到来之前，他们还有大约四个月的时间来修建至少 1,100 英里的里程。
In time, aided by a change in season, the outlook for the mission improved.
随着季节的变化，任务的前景逐渐改善。
After months of frustrating aerial reconnaissance, a survey team finally had discovered a way through the Canadian Rockies.
经过几个月令人沮丧的空中侦察，一个勘测小组终于找到了一条穿越加拿大落基山脉的道路。
On the ground, as temperatures rose and the mud began to dry, the engineers picked up the pace.
在地面上，随着气温上升、泥土开始干燥，工程师们加快了步伐。
During the month of July, they would blaze over four hundred more miles of road.
During the month of July, they would blaze over four hundred more miles of road.
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : The greatest problems that the engineers faced on the highway, was overcoming nature.
奥尔登·哈克（ALDEN HACKER），陆军工程师：：工程师在高速公路上面临的最大问题是克服自然。
HAYWARD OUBRE, Army Engineer: : We were in wilderness.
海沃德·乌布雷（HAYWARD OUBRE），陆军工程师：我们当时在荒野中。
That's where the road was.
那就是路所在的地方。
Wilderness.
荒野。
Uncharted.
未知。
Nobody had been there before.
以前没有人去过那里。
JOHN BOLLIN, Army Engineer: : The only thing we saw was nothing but trees -- and trees upon trees upon trees.
约翰·博林（JOHN BOLLIN），陆军工程师：：我们唯一看到的就是树木——树木接着树木。
And then to be told that you're going to put a road through that.
然后被告知你要修一条路。
: A lead bulldozer, flanked by two others, tore into the dirt and knocked down trees to create a 60 to 90-foot swath.
：一台领先的推土机在另外两台推土机的陪同下，撕开泥土并推倒树木，形成了 60 至 90 英尺长的大片。
Behind these front units, the bulk of the regiment widened, straightened, and graded the road, and using the timber at hand, built culverts and bridges.
在这些前线部队后面，该团的主力拓宽、拉直和平整道路，并利用手头的木材建造涵洞和桥梁。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : They basically cleared the vegetation off the roadway, pushed it to the side, and then took the soil alongside the road and pushed it up into the middle and made ditches on each side.
比利·康纳，土木工程师：：他们基本上清除了道路上的植被，将其推到一边，然后将路边的土壤推到中间，并在两侧挖沟渠。
Their effort was not to make a full highway, but really more of a trail uh, that was two trucks wide, basically, and get it done very quickly.
他们的努力并不是要修建一条完整的高速公路，而是实际上更多的是一条小路，呃，基本上有两辆卡车宽，并且很快就能完成。
HEATH TWICHELL, Historian: : There were often days where the survey crews would be maybe ten miles ahead of the first clearing bulldozers, and they would be exploring two or three possible valleys as to where the road would go, knowing that they had to find a route that could be built, because the bulldozers were right behind them and they were not about to stop.
历史学家希思·特威切尔：经常有这样的日子，勘测人员可能会在第一批清理推土机前方十英里处，他们会探索两到三个可能的山谷，以确定道路的走向，因为他们知道必须找到一条可以修建的路线，因为推土机就在他们身后，而且他们不会停下来。
: The black soldiers on the highway, who had been written off as "careless," "shiftless," and "irresponsible" held their own.
: The black soldiers on the highway, who had been written off as "careless," "shiftless," and "irresponsible" held their own.
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : It was thought that they couldn't learn how to operate complicated construction equipment like bulldozers and things like that.
陆军工程师威廉·格里格斯：人们认为他们无法学习如何操作推土机等复杂的建筑设备。
JOHN BOLLIN, Army Engineer: : We were able to overcome what we did not know by trial and error.
约翰·博林（JOHN BOLLIN），陆军工程师：：我们能够通过反复试验克服我们不知道的问题。
: One African American regiment constructed a 300-foot bridge across the swiftly flowing Sikanni Chief River in just three and a half days.
：一个非裔美国人团在短短三天半内就在湍急的西坎尼酋长河上建造了一座 300 英尺长的桥梁。
The bridge would stand longer than any other built that year on the highway.
The bridge would stand longer than any other built that year on the highway.
"We can't afford to lose our own personal pride," a sergeant said, "by slipping up."
一名中士说：“我们不能因为失误而失去个人尊严。”
ALVIN SCHEXNIDER, Historian: : They believed in their heart of hearts that by fulfilling this military obligation, when they returned home as civilians they would be treated differently; their children, their families would have a different life, and all of the hardship and suffering that they experienced would somehow be vindicated.
历史学家阿尔文·谢克斯尼德 (ALVIN SCHEXNIDER)：：他们内心深处相信，通过履行这项军事义务，当他们作为平民返回家乡时，他们会受到不同的待遇；他们的孩子、他们的家庭将会过上不同的生活，他们所经历的所有艰辛和痛苦都会以某种方式得到平反。
: Work on the road was tough for both black and white troops.
：对于黑人和白人军队来说，路上的工作都很艰难。
And the 20 hours of daylight during the Arctic summer made the job even more exhausting.
北极夏季长达 20 个小时的日照让这项工作更加疲惫不堪。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : I hated it.
亨利·盖尔，陆军工程师：：我讨厌它。
You didn't have a special time to- not like punching a clock, you know, like eight hours.
You didn't have a special time to- not like punching a clock, you know, like eight hours.
You worked until you dropped.
你一直工作到倒下为止。
BOB BATEY, Army Engineer: : In the summer, the sun was up all the time.
BOB BATEY, Army Engineer: : In the summer, the sun was up all the time.
We were on 12-hour shifts.
我们实行 12 小时轮班制。
Half of the company was in the morning, and half at night.
Half of the company was in the morning, and half at night.
We worked all the time, seven days a week.
我们一直在工作，每周 7 天。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : We was working so hard that by the time you got through at night, you rolled your sleeping bag out underneath a tree or in the bushes, and you crawled in it and sacked out.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：我们的工作非常辛苦，以至于当你晚上下班的时候，你把睡袋卷到树下或灌木丛里，然后爬进去，然后又被装了出来。
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : Seldom did we ever put a tent up and tie all of the corners together.
奥尔登·哈克（ALDEN HACKER），陆军工程师：：我们很少搭起帐篷并将所有的角绑在一起。
Usually you put them up and just enough to hold them together, because they're only going to be there for the night.
Usually you put them up and just enough to hold them together, because they're only going to be there for the night.
The next day, the cooks would have to tear them down, load them up, and move them up the road as close to the front as they could move.
第二天，厨师们必须把它们拆下来，装载起来，然后沿着道路尽可能靠近前方移动。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : It was slave labor, is what it was.
华莱士·利特尔（WALLACE LYTLE），陆军工程师：：这就是奴隶劳动，就是这样。
We weren't prisoners, but wanting to get the job done, we'd done most anything to do it.
我们不是囚犯，但为了完成任务，我们已经竭尽全力。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : You had to do the job.
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : You had to do the job.
You didn't like it.
你不喜欢它。
So you figured that you might as well as enjoy it, because otherwise you'd have gone nuts.
So you figured that you might as well as enjoy it, because otherwise you'd have gone nuts.
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : We didn't have any fresh foods issued for several months.
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : We didn't have any fresh foods issued for several months.
We lived on Spam and Vienna sausage.
We lived on Spam and Vienna sausage.
JOHN BOLLIN, Army Engineer: : Spam was the delicacy of the soldiers.
JOHN BOLLIN，陆军工程师：：垃圾邮件是士兵们的最爱。
We ate it with joy.
我们高兴地吃了起来。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : Pancakes was the -- that was the number one on the list.
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : Pancakes was the -- that was the number one on the list.
Pancakes.
煎饼。
We ate pancakes three times a day there for about a month.
我们在那里一天吃三顿煎饼，持续了大约一个月。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : At the Cat camp, we had to carry our lunch with us.
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : At the Cat camp, we had to carry our lunch with us.
The cooks never got to us.
厨师从来没有来找过我们。
We mainly had World War I rations that come in a little tin can.
We mainly had World War I rations that come in a little tin can.
We didn't have to worry about doing any dieting.
我们不必担心节食。
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : We got so sick and tired of the chili con carne, we would send truckloads of chili con carne down to the Indian village and trade it off for fish.
威廉·格里格斯（WILLIAM GRIGGS），陆军工程师：我们对辣椒酱感到厌倦，我们会把一卡车的辣椒酱送到印第安村庄，然后用它换取鱼。
And they said, "We trade, but no more chili con carne." They got tired of it, themselves.
他们说：“我们进行贸易，但不再有辣椒酱了。”他们自己也厌倦了。
: Like most things on the highway, personal hygiene was an improvisation.
: Like most things on the highway, personal hygiene was an improvisation.
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : God, you should've seen some of the tubs that they made out of 50-gallon drums and things like that because we didn't have any bathrooms or anything like that, you know.
亨利·盖尔，陆军工程师：天啊，你应该看看他们用 50 加仑的桶制成的浴缸之类的东西，因为我们没有浴室或类似的东西，你知道。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : We bathed in some of the streams, too.
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : We bathed in some of the streams, too.
I'll tell you, that water was cold.
我告诉你，水很冷。
: Summer brought more challenges.
：夏天带来了更多挑战。
Temperatures soared into the 90s.
Temperatures soared into the 90s.
Dust clouds choked the air.
尘云使空气窒息。
And then came the season's most hated enemy -- mosquitoes.
And then came the season's most hated enemy -- mosquitoes.
FRED MIMS, Quartermaster Corps: : There was just droves of them.
弗雷德·米姆斯（FRED MIMS），军需军团：：只有成群结队的人。
Come in clouds.
乘云而来。
We were issued those campaign hats with the brims like so, and pulled the nets down over and fastened them around your neck.
我们得到了像这样的帽檐的竞选帽子，然后把网子拉下来，把它们系在脖子上。
If you didn't have a mosquito net on, you'd get bites all over you.
如果没有蚊帐，你就会被叮咬。
HAYWARD OUBRE, Army Engineer: : You had mosquitoes that dive-bombed you.
海沃德·乌布雷（HAYWARD OUBRE），陆军工程师：：蚊子对你进行俯冲轰炸。
They'd dive like the Japanese with the dive-bombing.
他们会像日本人那样进行俯冲轰炸。
They'd dive and hit you.
他们会潜水并击中你。
That's true.
这是真的。
WALLACE LYTLE, Army Engineer: : You couldn't fight them off.
华莱士·利特尔，陆军工程师：：你无法击退他们。
There's no way, the mosquitoes just eat you up.
There's no way, the mosquitoes just eat you up.
You'd of just been welts all over your body.
你全身都伤痕累累。
You couldn't take a shirt off.
你不能脱掉衬衫。
You couldn't even roll your sleeves up.
You couldn't even roll your sleeves up.
If the palms of gloves were wore out, you still wore 'em because keep the back of your hands from being bitten.
如果手套的手掌磨破了，你仍然戴着它们，因为防止你的手背被咬。
: Far away from towns, with few opportunities for leave, the men also fought the pain of isolation.
：远离城镇，休假机会很少，男人们还要与孤立的痛苦作斗争。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : There was nobody.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：：没有人。
There was absolutely nobody.
绝对没有人。
As far as young sweetie pies up there, I never seen, we never seen a lady, in fact, it's probably a good thing there wasn't any up there.
至于那里的年轻甜心馅饼，我从未见过，我们从未见过一位女士，事实上，那里没有任何人可能是件好事。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : I got married while I was in the service, and I wanted to get back to my wife.
亨利·盖尔，陆军工程师：：我在服役期间结婚了，我想回到我妻子身边。
Now why would I want to be up there into the wilderness, you know, nothing up there to see.
现在我为什么要到旷野去，你知道，那里没什么可看的。
Let's face it.
让我们面对现实吧。
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : We were completely isolated in most cases.
威廉·格里格斯（WILLIAM GRIGGS），陆军工程师：：在大多数情况下我们完全被孤立。
At the beginning we were near some Indian villages, but most of the time we were completely isolated.
一开始我们在一些印度村庄附近，但大多数时候我们完全与世隔绝。
ALDEN HACKER, Army Engineer: : The importance of this need to hold onto Alaska had precedence over everything else.
陆军工程师奥尔登·哈克：：守住阿拉斯加的重要性高于其他一切。
It overcame the isolation, the long hours, the tedium of repetition day after day of doing the same thing.
它克服了孤立、长时间工作以及日复一日重复做同样事情的单调乏味。
: War raged in the South Pacific throughout the summer of 1942.
： 1942 年整个夏天，战争在南太平洋激烈进行。
In battle after battle, American losses mounted.
In battle after battle, American losses mounted.
With Japanese forces still lodged in the Aleutians, the threat to North America remained close at hand.
由于日本军队仍驻扎在阿留申群岛，对北美的威胁仍然迫在眉睫。
CHESTER RUSSELL, Army Engineer: : We had to head them Japs off, and in order to do it, we had to keep the tractors going as much as we could.
切斯特·拉塞尔，陆军工程师：我们必须阻止日本鬼子，为了做到这一点，我们必须尽可能让拖拉机继续运转。
We had to get it through.
We had to get it through.
: Now that it had a promising amount of road completed, the War Department decided to show off the highway.
：既然已经完成了大量道路，陆军部决定炫耀高速公路。
For the first time, reporters were allowed to visit the restricted military project.
记者首次获准参观受限制的军事项目。
Americans began reading about the Alaska-Canada Highway -- "Alcan" for short -- and the heroic engineers who were waging a war in the woods to defend the nation.
美国人开始阅读有关阿拉斯加-加拿大高速公路（简称“阿尔坎”）的内容，以及在森林中发动战争保卫国家的英勇工程师的故事。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : 1942 was not a great year for the U.S. Army, but one thing it could do and could do very well was to conquer the North American wilderness.
军事历史学家查尔斯·亨德里克斯 (Charles HENDRICKS)：1942 年对于美国陆军来说并不是伟大的一年，但它可以做并且可以做得很好的一件事就是征服北美荒野。
So, putting through a highway was important to the nation in maintaining morale.
因此，开通高速公路对于保持国家士气非常重要。
: The August 31st edition of Time magazine hyped the highway as a job for Paul Bunyan, but in reality, the project was stalled.
：8 月 31 日的《时代》杂志大肆宣传修建高速公路是保罗·班扬 (Paul Bunyan) 的工作，但实际上，该项目陷入了停滞。
With 460 miles left to go, a new problem made it unlikely the road would be finished before winter.
距离还剩 460 英里，一个新问题使得这条路不太可能在冬季之前完工。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : Permafrost is simply ground that's been frozen two or more years.
BILLY CONNOR，土木工程师： ：永久冻土只是冻结了两年或更长时间的地面。
The temperature of the permafrost was about 30-degrees Fahrenheit.
永久冻土层的温度约为 30 华氏度。
And when the Corps of Engineers removed the vegetation off the ground, they found a hard surface, but it changed the surface temperature of about three-degrees Fahrenheit.
当工程兵部队将植被从地面上移走时，他们发现了坚硬的表面，但这使表面温度改变了约三华氏度。
And so it was now above the freezing temperature, and then thawed very rapidly.
所以现在它的温度高于冰点，然后融化得非常快。
And as it thawed, it changed in character from a hard surface for them to drive on, to mud, in which they, of course, got stuck.
当它解冻时，它的性质发生了变化，从供他们行驶的坚硬表面变成了泥泞，他们当然会被困在泥里。
: The road building method that had allowed the engineers to build over 800 miles in two months suddenly had failed them.
：让工程师们在两个月内修建超过 800 英里的筑路方法突然失败了。
Work on the northern portion of the highway stopped.
高速公路北段的施工已停止。
KEN COATES, Historian: : The engineers and construction workers entered the far Northwest in a state of incredible naiveté.
历史学家肯·科茨：工程师和建筑工人以令人难以置信的天真状态进入遥远的西北地区。
Very few people had any experience with constructing highways in cold weather areas; the scientific information on building across permafrost -- virtually nonexistent.
很少有人有在寒冷地区修建高速公路的经验；关于跨越永久冻土进行建筑的科学信息几乎不存在。
: The Army engineers scrambled to find a solution.
：陆军工程师们争先恐后地寻找解决方案。
Since they could not go around the permafrost, they needed to keep the ground frozen.
由于他们无法绕过永久冻土层，因此需要保持地面冻结。
It took them six weeks of trial and error to figure out how to deal with permafrost.
他们花了六周的时间反复试验才弄清楚如何处理永久冻土。
To protect the ground, the engineers decided to sideline the bulldozers as they cut down trees by hand to immediately insulate the surface with corduroy.
为了保护地面，工程师们决定在手工砍伐树木时将推土机搁置一边，立即用灯芯绒对表面进行绝缘。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : The Army engineers were problem solvers.
BILLY CONNOR，土木工程师：：陆军工程师是问题解决者。
In combat you have to come up with a solution to whatever problem you're facing very quickly and efficiently in order to move the war effort forward.
在战斗中，你必须快速有效地找到解决所面临的任何问题的方法，以推动战争的进展。
They had not known about permafrost, but they were able to adapt what they knew to the problem at hand.
他们不了解永久冻土，但他们能够将他们所知道的知识应用于当前的问题。
: Their solution worked, but reduced construction to only a mile-a-day.
：他们的解决方案有效，但将施工量减少到每天仅一英里。
At the start of October, the temperature began to drop sharply.
十月初，气温开始急剧下降。
Permafrost was no longer their biggest problem.
Permafrost was no longer their biggest problem.
What would be one of the coldest winters on record had arrived.
有记录以来最冷的冬天之一已经到来。
With only 166 miles left, two regiments -- one black, one white -- struggled to close the last gap of the highway.
距离只剩下 166 英里，两个团——一黑一白——奋力缩小高速公路的最后一个缺口。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : Working in the cold climates -- 40 and 50 below zero -- is always a very real challenge.
BILLY CONNOR，土木工程师： 在寒冷气候（零下 40 度和 50 度）下工作始终是一个非常现实的挑战。
Any time you're working in the cold, men and equipment move slower, the logistics become more difficult.
任何时候在寒冷的环境下工作，人员和设备的移动速度都会变慢，后勤工作就会变得更加困难。
The metals that they had at 40 below zero became very brittle and broke very, very easily.
在零下 40 度的温度下，金属变得非常脆，非常非常容易破裂。
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : The equipment that we had was not designed for sub-zero weather.
威廉·格里格斯（WILLIAM GRIGGS），陆军工程师：：我们拥有的设备并不是为零度以下的天气而设计的。
Trucks, we had to keep running 24 hours a day.
Trucks, we had to keep running 24 hours a day.
If you didn't, you'd have to get underneath a truck with a blowtorch and heat up the transmission and the rear axle before it would move.
如果你不这样做，你就必须用喷灯钻到卡车下面，加热变速箱和后轴，然后才能移动。
: At 40 below zero, skin froze in a matter of seconds.
：零下 40 度时，皮肤会在几秒钟内冻结。
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : It was actually a fight for survival.
威廉·格里格斯，陆军工程师：：这实际上是一场生存之战。
On one case, I spilled some gasoline on my clothing, and it evaporated.
有一次，我把一些汽油洒在衣服上，然后它就蒸发了。
And I went to pull my coat off, it pulled the flesh off, too.
我去脱掉外套，它也把肉也脱掉了。
BILLY CONNOR, Civil Engineer: : Minor mistakes can be deadly.
BILLY CONNOR，土木工程师：：小错误可能是致命的。
If your vehicle breaks down in the Arctic, walking a few miles can actually cost you your life.
如果您的车辆在北极抛锚，步行几英里实际上可能会夺去您的生命。
: Mile by mile, the two regiments pressed on.
: Mile by mile, the two regiments pressed on.
Each day their bulldozers growled closer and closer.
每一天，他们的推土机轰鸣声越来越近。
At 4pm on October 25, just south of the Alaska-Canada border, the Engineers closed the last gap of the highway.
10 月 25 日下午 4 点，在阿拉斯加和加拿大边境以南，工程师们关闭了高速公路的最后一个缺口。
In less than eight months, the United States Army Corps of Engineers had conquered a forbidding wilderness and built the first overland route from the continental United States to Alaska Territory.
在不到八个月的时间里，美国陆军工程兵团征服了一片险恶的荒野，并修建了第一条从美国大陆到阿拉斯加领土的陆路路线。
The 1,500-mile military supply line was hailed as an unprecedented engineering feat.
1,500 英里的军事补给线被誉为前所未有的工程壮举。
: The Alaskan Highway is dedicated at Soldier's Summit, Yukon Territory by officials of the United States and Canada, completed with amazing ...
：阿拉斯加公路由美国和加拿大官员在育空地区士兵峰会上修建，完工时令人惊叹......
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : The building of the Alaska Highway represented one of the great triumphs of the U.S. Army in 1942.
查尔斯·亨德里克斯 (CHARLES HENDRICKS)，军事历史学家：：阿拉斯加公路的修建代表了美国陆军 1942 年取得的伟大胜利之一。
KEN COATES, Historian: : And they made sure that everybody across North America heard about it.
历史学家肯·科茨 (KEN COATES)：：他们确保北美各地的每个人都听说了这件事。
It was in the newsreels.
这是在新闻短片中。
It was on the radio programs.
It was on the radio programs.
It was in the newspapers.
这是在报纸上。
The American Army was trying to send messages of reassurance and messages to the enemy: We're serious about this.
美国陆军试图向敌人发出保证和信息：我们对此是认真的。
We will do anything we absolutely have to do.
We will do anything we absolutely have to do.
: Just after the final gap was closed, the Army restaged the historic meeting of the two lead bulldozer drivers, a black corporal from Pennsylvania and a white private from Texas.
：就在最后的差距缩小后，陆军重新举行了两位首席推土机司机（来自宾夕法尼亚州的黑人下士和来自德克萨斯州的白人二等兵）的历史性会面。
Within four months, the military would splash the photograph across the pages of Yank, the Army weekly, in an article glorifying the achievements of the African American engineers.
四个月内，军方将这张照片刊登在陆军周刊《Yank》的一篇文章中，颂扬非裔美国工程师的成就。
HAYWARD OUBRE, Army Engineer: : And we did it in record time, before they said we could do it.
海沃德·乌布雷（HAYWARD OUBRE），陆军工程师：：在他们说我们可以做到之前，我们以创纪录的时间完成了任务。
For the most part, the men in my outfit couldn't read or write.
大多数情况下，和我一起工作的人不会读书或写字。
And they said they couldn't use heavy equipment.
And they said they couldn't use heavy equipment.
But these men became experts with that heavy machinery.
但这些人成为了重型机械的专家。
KEN COATES, Historian: : They did work that nobody thought they could do, in an area nobody thought they could survive.
历史学家肯·科茨：他们做了没人认为他们能做的工作，在一个没人认为他们能够生存的地区。
They had shown to the American Army they could do almost anything that they were asked to do.
他们向美国陆军表明，他们几乎可以做任何被要求做的事情。
ALVIN SCHEXNIDER, Historian: : This was intended to be a morale booster, particularly for black troops.
历史学家阿尔文·舍克斯尼德 (ALVIN SCHEXNIDER)：：这是为了鼓舞士气，特别是对于黑人军队。
It sent a signal that blacks were doing some things that others thought that they couldn't do, and yes, it was helping win the war.
它发出了一个信号，即黑人正在做一些其他人认为他们做不到的事情，是的，它正在帮助赢得战争。
CHARLES HENDRICKS, Military Historian: : The Army, and the nation, was attempting to mobilize the entire population.
军事历史学家查尔斯·亨德里克斯：陆军和国家正试图动员全体人民。
They could make it clear to the American people that the only way -- the best way to win this war, certainly, was for all Americans to join hands and get in the fight together.
他们可以向美国人民明确表示，赢得这场战争的唯一方法——当然是最好的方法，就是所有美国人携起手来，共同战斗。
: By the time the engineers completed their work on the highway, the war in the Pacific was turning in favor of America and its allies.
：当工程师们完成高速公路上的工作时，太平洋战争已经转向有利于美国及其盟国的方向。
In the summer of 1943, U.S. forces drove the Japanese out of the Aleutian Islands.
1943 年夏天，美军将日本人赶出了阿留申群岛。
Japan never advanced to Alaska's mainland.
Japan never advanced to Alaska's mainland.
But the Alaska Highway did play a vital role in World War II.
但阿拉斯加高速公路确实在第二次世界大战中发挥了至关重要的作用。
Nearly 8,000 Lend-Lease aircraft, flown from America to Russia by means of the highway and Northwest Staging Route, helped the Soviet Union triumph over Germany.
近8000架租借飞机通过高速公路和西北中转路线从美国飞往俄罗斯，帮助苏联战胜了德国。
Fierce battles in Europe and the Pacific soon overshadowed the building of the Alaska Highway.
欧洲和太平洋地区的激烈战斗很快给阿拉斯加高速公路的建设蒙上了阴影。
By war's end, it was all but forgotten.
By war's end, it was all but forgotten.
WILLIAM GRIGGS, Army Engineer: : I took a part in building what was considered one of the greatest engineering projects during the last century.
威廉·格里格斯，陆军工程师：：我参与了被认为是上世纪最伟大的工程项目之一的建设。
Some people said it was second only to the Panama Canal, to build 1,500 miles of road in eight months.
有人说，这是仅次于巴拿马运河的第二大公路，在八个月内修建了1500英里的公路。
HENRY GEYER, Army Engineer: : What we went through, you actually had nightmares of the cold and stuff like that, you know.
亨利·盖尔，陆军工程师：：我们经历过的事情，你实际上做了寒冷的噩梦和类似的事情，你知道。
I used to complain it was a waste of time.
I used to complain it was a waste of time.
I finally got back to see what we actually made, and it was altogether different.
我终于回来看看我们实际做了什么，结果完全不同了。
All that cussin' at nights and stuff like that went out the window, because we did a beautiful job.
所有那些晚上的咒骂之类的事情都消失了，因为我们做得很好。
It's beautiful.
很美丽。
Learn about Alaska's history from 1932 up to 2010.
了解阿拉斯加从 1932 年至 2010 年的历史。
Before the United States entered World War II, few Americans would have suspected that the territory of Alaska would play a role in America's fight against the Axis powers.
在美国加入第二次世界大战之前，很少有美国人会想到阿拉斯加领土会在美国对抗轴心国的斗争中发挥作用。
When President Franklin Roosevelt authorized the building of the Alaska Highway in February 1942, the problem of who would actually do the construction quickly arose.
1942 年 2 月，当富兰克林·罗斯福总统授权修建阿拉斯加高速公路时，谁来实际施工的问题很快就出现了。
In the early spring of 1942 Alaska's population was approximately 73,000.
1942 年初春，阿拉斯加的人口约为 73,000 人。
About half of those residents were Native Alaskans, members of indigenous groups who inhabited Alaska before it was colonized by Russia.
其中大约一半的居民是阿拉斯加原住民，他们是在被俄罗斯殖民之前居住在阿拉斯加的土著群体的成员。
In May of 1942, thousands of American soldiers began the building of the Alaska Highway.
1942 年 5 月，数千名美国士兵开始修建阿拉斯加公路。
Ruth Gruber went to Alaska under the auspices of Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes.
露丝·格鲁伯在内政部长哈罗德·伊克斯的赞助下前往阿拉斯加。
Gruber describes some of the people she met in Fairbanks, and describes her hopes for bringing settlers to the territory.
格鲁伯描述了她在费尔班克斯遇到的一些人，并描述了她将定居者带到该地区的希望。
Hear from engineers, historians and journalists on the challenges in building the Alaska Highway.
聆听工程师、历史学家和记者讲述阿拉斯加高速公路建设面临的挑战。
Have you ever driven the Alcan — or just wished you could?
您曾经驾驶过加铝吗？或者只是希望自己能驾驶？
The 1,520-mile road through Canada and Alaska is a magnet for adventurous travelers.
穿越加拿大和阿拉斯加的 1,520 英里公路吸引着喜欢冒险的旅行者。
In the middle of March 1942, approximately one month after President Franklin Roosevelt authorized the highway, the Army Corps of Engineers began arriving in Alaska.
1942 年 3 月中旬，即富兰克林·罗斯福总统批准修建高速公路大约一个月后，陆军工程兵团开始抵达阿拉斯加。
The grueling schedule and extreme conditions made life difficult for the highway builders.
紧张的工期和极端的条件使高速公路建设者的生活变得困难。
An estimated 30 men died during the construction of the Alaska Highway.
据估计，有 30 人在阿拉斯加高速公路施工期间死亡。
When the U.S. military decided to assign three African American engineering regiments to the Alaska Highway project, it departed from its usual segregationist policies.
当美国军方决定向阿拉斯加公路项目派遣三个非裔美国工程团时，它背离了一贯的种族隔离政策。