John and Abigail Adams
Narrator : In 1802, shortly after he had been defeated for a second term as president, John Adams sat at his desk to write his autobiography.
旁白：1802 年，约翰·亚当斯连任总统失败后不久，他坐在办公桌前写自传。
He desperately wanted to be remembered as a founder of a new nation, yet he feared he would be forgotten.
他迫切希望作为一个新国家的创始人被人们铭记，但他担心自己会被遗忘。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Statues and monuments will never be erected to me, nor flattering orations spoken, to transmit me to posterity in brilliant colors.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：永远不会为我竖立雕像和纪念碑，也不会发表谄媚的演说，以绚丽的色彩将我传给后代。
Narrator : He had been the prime mover in the Continental Congress, the premier political thinker of the American Revolution.
旁白：他是大陆会议的主要推动者，美国革命的首要政治思想家。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The decree has gone forth, and cannot be recalled, that a more equal liberty than has prevailed in other parts of the earth must be established in America.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：法令已经颁布，并且不能被撤销，即必须在美国建立比地球其他地方更加平等的自由。
Narrator : Adams moved a reluctant Congress to declare America's independence from England.
旁白：亚当斯推动了不情愿的国会宣布美国脱离英国独立。
And when the revolution seemed nearly lost, he single-handedly secured millions of dollars in loans to keep the American army from collapse.
当革命几乎失败时，他单枪匹马获得了数百万美元的贷款，以防止美国军队崩溃。
He'd written the constitution of the state of Massachusetts, which became the foundation for the national constitution.
他起草了马萨诸塞州宪法，成为国家宪法的基础。
He had helped negotiate peace with Britain; been the first vice president of the United States, and its second president.
他曾帮助与英国进行和平谈判；曾任美国第一任副总统和第二任总统。
And through it all, he had had by his side an extraordinary woman, who became his most valued political advisor and confidante.
在这一切过程中，他身边有一位非凡的女人，她成为他最有价值的政治顾问和红颜知己。
David McCullough, Historian : Abigail Adams was one of the most remarkable, admirable, wise Americans of all time.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：阿比盖尔·亚当斯是有史以来最杰出、最令人钦佩、最睿智的美国人之一。
She was phenomenal.
她是非凡的。
She was a better judge of people than he was.
她比他更善于判断人。
She was a much more insightful politician, if you will.
如果你愿意的话，她是一位更有洞察力的政治家。
And she adored him.
她很崇拜他。
And he adored her.
他很崇拜她。
It's a great love story.
这是一个伟大的爱情故事。
And it's all in their letters.
这一切都在他们的信中。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : My dear girl, there is in Congress a collection of the greatest men upon this continent...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我亲爱的女孩，国会里聚集了这个大陆上最伟大的人物……
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : The constant roar of the cannon is so distressing that we cannot eat, drink, or sleep...
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：炮声不断的轰鸣让我们无法吃、喝、睡……
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Vanity suffers.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：虚荣心受到损害。
Cold feelings of unpopularity, humiliation.
不受欢迎、羞辱的冰冷感觉。
I can pronounce Thomas Jefferson...
我可以发音托马斯·杰斐逊...
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Dearest Friend, I set down with a heavy heart to write to you.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：最亲爱的朋友，我怀着沉重的心情写信给你。
Woe follows woe, and one affliction treads upon the heels of another...
祸患接踵而至，一种苦难踩在另一种苦难的脚后......
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Dear Miss Saucy, I hereby order you, to give me as many kisses and as many hours of your company as I shall please to demand...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：亲爱的俏皮小姐，我特此命令你，按照我的要求，给我尽可能多的吻和陪伴你的时间......
Narrator : Sustained by one of the greatest partnerships in American history, John Adams had earned a place of honor among the Founding Fathers.
旁白：在美国历史上最伟大的伙伴关系之一的支持下，约翰·亚当斯在开国元勋中赢得了荣誉地位。
But the aging, angry former president had good reason to believe that history would not rightly remember his role in the birth of the American nation.
但这位年迈、愤怒的前总统有充分的理由相信，历史不会正确地记住他在美国国家诞生过程中所扮演的角色。
In 1774, the British army shut down the port of Boston, strangling trade.
1774年，英国军队关闭了波士顿港，扼杀了贸易。
Punishing colonists who'd thrown British tea into the harbor to protest high taxes.
惩罚将英国茶叶扔进港口以抗议高税收的殖民者。
Four regiments of British soldiers poured into the city, joining the hated two thousand redcoats already patrolling the unruly streets.
四个团的英国士兵涌入这座城市，加入了已经在不守规矩的街道上巡逻的令人憎恶的两千名英国士兵。
Ten miles south of Boston, in Braintree, John Adams prepared for a momentous journey.
在波士顿以南十英里的布伦特里，约翰·亚当斯准备踏上一次重要的旅程。
He had been chosen to join a Continental Congress in Philadelphia, a meeting of the colonies' leading statesmen, to seek a solution to the increasingly violent conflict with Britain.
他被选中参加在费城举行的大陆会议，这是一次殖民地主要政治家的会议，旨在寻求解决与英国日益暴力的冲突的办法。
Adams, the son of a farmer, was 38 years old.
亚当斯是一位农民的儿子，今年 38 岁。
He had a passion for history and philosophy, had studied at Harvard, and built up the biggest law practice in Boston, taking on some of the most controversial cases of the day.
他对历史和哲学充满热情，曾在哈佛大学学习，并在波士顿建立了最大的律师事务所，承办了一些当时最具争议的案件。
Twenty-nine year old Abigail Adams faced the bleak prospect of months without her husband.
二十九岁的阿比盖尔·亚当斯面临着几个月没有丈夫陪伴的黯淡前景。
But she believed he had an important role to play in shaping America's future.
但她相信他在塑造美国的未来方面可以发挥重要作用。
David McCullough, Historian : She spotted him before anybody.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：她比任何人都先发现了他。
She saw the talent.
她看到了才华。
And she wasn't afraid to speak her mind.
她并不害怕说出自己的想法。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : You cannot be, nor do I wish to see you, an inactive spectator.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：你不能，我也不想看到你，一个不活跃的旁观者。
We have too many high sounding words, and too few actions that correspond with them.
我们冠冕堂皇的话语太多，而相应的行动却太少。
Narrator : Promising Abigail he would soon return to private life, John Adams joined three other members of the Massachusetts delegation for the trip to Philadelphia.
旁白：约翰·亚当斯向阿比盖尔保证他很快就会恢复私人生活，并与马萨诸塞州代表团的其他三名成员一起前往费城。
David McCullough, Historian : He goes off to Pennsylvania, nearly 400 miles, to get to Congress.
David McCullough，历史学家：他前往宾夕法尼亚州，距离近 400 英里，前往国会。
And he was participating in something that could very well be considered treasonous; he leaves her with four children and the farm.
他正在参与一些很可能被视为叛国的事情；他把四个孩子和农场留给了她。
And she's got to make ends meet.
她必须维持收支平衡。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : The great anxiety I feel for my country, for you, and for our family renders the day tedious and the night unpleasant.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我对我的国家、对你、对我们的家庭感到极大的焦虑，这使得白天变得乏味，夜晚变得不愉快。
And the great distance between us makes the time appear very long to me.
而且我们之间的距离太远，让我觉得时间很漫长。
The rocks and quicksands appear upon every side.
岩石和流沙出现在四面八方。
Narrator : Colonial militia units, the seeds of an American army, were beginning to drill in the towns around Boston.
旁白：殖民地民兵部队，美国军队的种子，开始在波士顿周围的城镇进行训练。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Did ever any kingdom or state regain its liberty, when once it was invaded, without bloodshed?
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：是否有哪个王国或国家在遭受入侵后，没有流血就重新获得了自由？
I cannot think of it without horror.
我一想到它就感到恐惧。
Narrator : John Adams had always been a man at war with himself.
旁白：约翰·亚当斯一直是一个与自己交战的人。
A man of restless ambition, and deep self-doubt.
一个有着永不停歇的野心和深深的自我怀疑的人。
Now, in Philadelphia, it was self-doubt that consumed him.
现在，在费城，自我怀疑吞噬了他。
John Ferling, Historian : He has virtually no political experience.
历史学家约翰·费林：他几乎没有政治经验。
He was overweight.
他超重了。
He was already balding.
他已经秃顶了。
He just didn't see himself as somebody who would become a leader.
他只是不认为自己会成为领导者。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I muse, I mope, I ruminate.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我沉思，我闷闷不乐，我沉思。
I feel unutterable anxiety, unequal to this business.
我感到无法言喻的焦虑，对这个行业感到不平等。
Narrator : As delegates convened in Carpenters Hall that September day, the American colonies were on the brink of war with the most powerful nation on earth.
旁白：那年九月的一天，当代表们聚集在卡彭特斯大厅时，美国殖民地正处于与地球上最强大国家的战争边缘。
Struggles with Parliament had dragged on for years.
与议会的斗争已经持续多年。
Adams knew this was the decisive moment, but he feared he was not up to the task.
亚当斯知道这是决定性的时刻，但他担心自己无法胜任这项任务。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Do you have what it takes?
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：你有能力吗？
Are you learned enough?
你学得够多吗？
And he's worried about that.
他对此感到担心。
He's pushing himself, asking himself that question.
他在逼迫自己，问自己这个问题。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : There is in Congress a collection of the greatest men upon this continent, in abilities, virtues and fortunes.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：国会里聚集了这个大陆上能力、美德和财富方面最伟大的人物。
It makes me blush for the sordid venal herd which I have seen in my own province.
这让我为我在自己省份看到的那些肮脏的贪赃枉法的群体感到脸红。
Narrator : He was awed by them at first, but it didn't take long for him to become impatient with some of his fellow delegates.
旁白：一开始他对他们感到敬畏，但没过多久他就对一些代表同事变得不耐烦了。
David McCullough, Historian : He had a great mind.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：他有伟大的头脑。
And it was a mind capable of seeing ahead, to a degree not found in most of us mortals.
这是一种能够预见未来的头脑，其程度是我们大多数凡人所不具备的。
Narrator : Adams saw, long before many of the other delegates, that there had to be a break with Britain.
旁白：亚当斯早在许多其他代表之前就意识到必须与英国决裂。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Gentlemen, the object is great which we have in view, and we must expect a great expense of blood to obtain it, but it cannot be purchased at too dear a rate, as there is nothing on this side of Jerusalem of equal importance to mankind.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：先生们，我们的目标是伟大的，我们必须付出巨大的鲜血才能获得它，但它不能以太高的价格购买，因为在耶路撒冷的这一边没有任何东西对人类同等重要。
John Ferling, Historian : His confidence in what is possible for America and also his confidence in what's possible for John Adams begins to grow.
历史学家约翰·费林：他对美国的可能性以及约翰·亚当斯的可能性的信心开始增强。
And I think he begins to see that the sky is the limit.
我认为他开始意识到天空才是极限。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : About eight o'clock Sunday evening there passed by here about 200 of our men, and marched down to the powder house.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：周日晚上八点左右，我们大约 200 名士兵经过这里，并列队前往粉房。
Narrator : Abigail became the home-front reporter for her husband.
旁白：阿比盖尔成为她丈夫的驻地记者。
Narrator : The British were fortifying Boston, she wrote, and seizing arms from the Americans.
旁白：她写道，英国人正在加固波士顿，并从美国人手中夺取武器。
Local militias began hiding their ammunition.
当地民兵开始隐藏弹药。
Soon, they would occupy the highest of the three hills opposite the city: Bunker Hill.
很快，他们就占领了城市对面三座山中最高的一座：邦克山。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : The militia passed without any noise, not a word among them till they came against this house.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：民兵一路无声无息地通过，他们之间没有说一句话，直到他们袭击了这座房子。
They asked me if I wanted any powder and I replied not, since it was in good hands.
他们问我是否想要任何粉末，我回答说不需要，因为它在很好的人手中。
Narrator : It was an active political role she would continue for much of her life.
旁白：她一生中的大部分时间都在扮演积极的政治角色。
And there were other letters, more personal, which John described as an "inexhaustible dowry," enriching his life.
还有其他一些更私人的信件，约翰将其描述为“取之不尽的嫁妆”，丰富了他的生活。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I have taken a great fondness for reading ancient history since you left me and I have persuaded Johnny to read me a page or two every day.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：自从你离开我后，我就非常喜欢阅读古代历史，我说服约翰尼每天给我读一两页。
John Quincy Adams(Noah Pimentel) : Alexander's first care...
约翰·昆西·亚当斯（诺亚·皮门特尔饰）：亚历山大的首要任务……
Narrator : Seven-year-old John Quincy was the second of the Adamses' four children.
旁白：七岁的约翰·昆西是亚当斯夫妇四个孩子中的第二个。
Young Abigail, called Nabby, was nine, and there were two small boys, Charles and Thomas.
小阿比盖尔，名叫纳比，九岁，有两个小男孩，查尔斯和托马斯。
With war looming, most schools were closed.
随着战争迫在眉睫，大多数学校都关闭了。
Abigail had to see to their education herself.
阿比盖尔必须亲自照顾他们的教育。
She also ran the household and the farm, and managed their meager finances.
她还经营家庭和农场，并管理他们微薄的财务。
David McCullough, Historian : At the end of a long day, which would begin for her at about five o'clock in the morning, in a house that upstairs is so cold that water freezes in the little wash basin, she sits down at her kitchen table with a quill pen and a candle, and writes some of the greatest letters ever written by an American.
历史学家戴维·麦卡洛：漫长的一天从早上五点左右开始，在漫长的一天结束时，在楼上寒冷得连小洗脸盆里的水都结冰的房子里，她拿着羽毛笔和蜡烛坐在厨房的桌子旁，写下了美国人有史以来写下的一些最伟大的信件。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I dare not express to you at 300 miles how ardently I long for your return.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我不敢在 300 英里外向你表达我多么渴望你的归来。
The idea plays about my heart and awakens all the tender sentiments that years have increased and matured.
这个想法触动了我的心，唤醒了岁月里增长和成熟的所有温柔情感。
Edith Gelles, Historian : She didn't ask him to come home.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：她没有要求他回家。
But she did tell him, time and again, how lonely she was without him.
但她确实一次又一次地告诉他，没有他，她是多么孤独。
Narrator : Abigail urged John to burn her letters.
旁白：阿比盖尔敦促约翰烧掉她的信。
He never did.
他从来没有这样做过。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Your most affectionate friend, Abigail Adams.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：你最深情的朋友，阿比盖尔·亚当斯。
Narrator : Early on the morning of June 17th, 1775, Abigail and the children, asleep in Braintree, were awakened by the thunder of cannon from across Boston harbor.
旁白：1775年6月17日清晨，在布伦特里熟睡的阿比盖尔和孩子们被波士顿港对岸的炮声惊醒。
American militia on Bunker Hill had been attacked by British troops.
邦克山上的美国民兵遭到英国军队的袭击。
There had been skirmishes with the British at Lexington and Concord in April, but this was the first all-out battle.
四月份在列克星敦和康科德与英国人发生了小规模冲突，但这是第一次全面战斗。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : How many have fallen we know not.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我们不知道有多少人倒下。
The constant roar of the cannon is so distressing that we cannot eat, drink, or sleep.
炮声不断，令人痛不欲生，吃不下、喝不下、睡不着。
Perhaps the decisive day is come on which the fate of America depends.
也许决定美国命运的决定性日子已经到来。
Narrator : In Philadelphia, Abigail's reports from the front kept John supplied with the most up-to-date information, and heightened his belief that a formal break with Britain was essential.
旁白：在费城，阿比盖尔从前线传来的报告使约翰获得了最新的信息，并增强了他的信念：与英国正式决裂是必要的。
The colonies should prepare for full-scale war.
殖民地应该为全面战争做好准备。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams is engaged in debate and in committee meetings in an extraordinarily intensive way.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：亚当斯以异常密集的方式参与辩论和委员会会议。
He is essentially the major legislator and the one-man Secretary of War, maddeningly telling people that there's not going to be a middle position here, folks.
他本质上是主要立法者和单人战争部长，疯狂地告诉人们，这里不会有中间立场，伙计们。
It's going to go one way or the other.
它会以一种方式或另一种方式发展。
And it is something that is called out of him- his own latent talent, his own latent energies-is called out of him by the urgency of the moment.
这是他被召唤出来的东西——他自己的潜在才能，他自己的潜在能量——被当下的紧迫性从他身上召唤出来。
These really were the times that try men's souls.
这确实是考验人灵魂的时代。
Narrator : Adams was the first to support George Washington as commander of the American forces.
旁白：亚当斯是第一个支持乔治·华盛顿担任美军司令的人。
He was pushing for new governments for each colony and even drafted a guide for constitution-writers.
他正在推动每个殖民地建立新政府，甚至为宪法起草者起草了一份指南。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : The two most important people in moving the American Revolution forward are George Washington and John Adams.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：推动美国革命前进的两个最重要的人物是乔治·华盛顿和约翰·亚当斯。
Washington because he's appointed as head of what will soon come to be called the Continental Army.
华盛顿，因为他被任命为即将被称为大陆军的司令。
And Adams is the major figure in the Congress.
亚当斯是国会的主要人物。
Narrator : But the Congress was sharply divided.
旁白：但是国会的分歧很大。
Adams led a small radical faction; most delegates still favored reconciliation with Britain.
亚当斯领导着一个激进的小派别。大多数代表仍然赞成与英国和解。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : There were no unanimous votes; there were divided votes on almost every question.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：没有一致投票；几乎每个问题都出现了分歧。
They were essentially improvising on the edge of catastrophe.
他们本质上是在灾难的边缘即兴发挥。
Narrator : John Dickinson of Pennsylvania believed that independence was suicidal folly.
旁白：宾夕法尼亚州的约翰·狄金森认为独立是愚蠢的自杀行为。
He pushed for reconciliation with the British Crown.
他推动与英国王室和解。
Adams would not hear of it.
亚当斯不会听到这个消息。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I am as fond of reconciliation as any man.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我和任何人一样喜欢和解。
But the cancer is too far spread to be cured by any thing short of cutting it out entirely.
但癌症扩散得太远，除非完全切除，否则无法治愈。
Narrator : "The cancer" was British corruption, British arrogance.
旁白：“癌症”就是英国的腐败、英国的傲慢。
Adams believed that London cared nothing for American rights.
亚当斯认为伦敦并不关心美国的权利。
He saw a once-great nation now obsessed with luxury and wealth, hungry for ever-higher taxes from its colonies.
他看到一个曾经伟大的国家现在沉迷于奢侈和财富，渴望从殖民地征收更高的税收。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : They are taskmasters bent on reducing the colonists to desolation, poverty and servitude.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：他们是工头，一心要让殖民者陷入荒凉、贫困和奴役。
There is no more justice left in Britain than there is in Hell.
在英国，正义已经不复存在，就像地狱一样。
Narrator : In a private letter to a friend, Adams viciously mocked John Dickinson.
旁白：在给朋友的一封私人信中，亚当斯恶毒地嘲笑约翰·狄金森。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : He is a man of great fortune and piddling genius whose fame has been trumpeted so loudly, but who has given a silly cast to our whole doings.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：他是一个拥有巨大财富和微不足道的天才的人，他的名声被大肆宣扬，但他却对我们的一切行为给予了愚蠢的评价。
Narrator : The letter was intercepted by British agents, and quickly made its way into Tory newspapers.
旁白：这封信被英国特工截获，并很快登上了保守党的报纸。
Adams had managed to insult one of the Congress's most respected men.
亚当斯成功地侮辱了国会最受尊敬的人物之一。
For weeks, he was ostracized.
几周来，他一直受到排斥。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I was avoided like a man infected with leprosy.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我像一个麻风病患者一样被回避。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Adams has this perpetual habit of saying what he thinks, bluntly, and then getting in trouble for it, and being shocked that he's getting in trouble for saying what he thinks bluntly.
乔安妮·弗里曼（Joanne Freeman），历史学家：亚当斯有一个永久的习惯，就是直言不讳地说出自己的想法，然后因此而陷入麻烦，并且对自己因直言不讳地说出自己的想法而陷入麻烦感到震惊。
So he says -- announces things about people.
所以他说——宣布有关人的事情。
"Well, that's stupid." "Well, that's ridiculous." "I can't believe he did that." And then people report that he said that, and he gets in trouble.
“嗯，这太愚蠢了。” “嗯，这太荒谬了。” “我不敢相信他这么做了。”然后人们报告说他说过这样的话，他就遇到了麻烦。
And he's continually outraged.
而且他一直很愤怒。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Will our ambassador be received or so much as heard or seen by any man or woman in power?
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我们的大使会被任何掌权的男人或女人接待、听到或看到吗？
He might possibly...
他或许有可能……
if well skilled in intrigue and his purse well filled with money and his person elegant enough to be introduced to some of the courtesans but would that not be all...
如果他精通阴谋，他的钱包装满了钱，他的举止优雅到足以被介绍给一些妓女，但这还不是全部吗……
Narrator : Later, Adams would call his behavior in the Continental Congress "obnoxious."
旁白：后来，亚当斯称他在大陆会议上的行为“令人讨厌”。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : "Obnoxious" is a strong term.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：“令人讨厌的”是一个强有力的术语。
Notice, Adams is using the term about himself.
请注意，亚当斯使用的是关于他自己的术语。
He is unpopular in the sense that he has been the major and the most fierce advocate for ultimate American independence, with a group of people that need to be dragged, kicking and screaming, to that particular cause.
从某种意义上说，他不受欢迎，因为他一直是美国最终独立的主要和最激烈的倡导者，有一群人需要被拖拽、踢打和尖叫，以实现这一特定的事业。
David McCullough, Historian : He was very much like a character out of Dickens.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：他很像狄更斯笔下的人物。
You would know him in a minute if he walked into the room.
如果他走进房间，你很快就会认识他。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Suppose we send ambassadors now to foreign courts, what nations shall we court?
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：假设我们现在向外国宫廷派遣大使，我们将向哪些国家求婚？
Shall we go to the court of Prussia or Russia or Turkey or Denmark...
我们应该去普鲁士、俄罗斯、土耳其还是丹麦的宫廷吗？
David McCullough, Historian : He could be very abrasive and tactless and disputatious and opinionated and pugnacious.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：他可能非常粗鲁、不圆滑、好争论、固执己见、好斗。
He was so honest, he expected other people to be honest too.
他是如此诚实，他希望其他人也能诚实。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Blockheads.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔 饰）：笨蛋。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I set down with a heavy heart to write to you.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我怀着沉重的心情写信给你。
Woe follows woe and one affliction treads upon the heel of another.
祸患接踵而至，一种苦难踩在另一种苦难的脚跟上。
Narrator : After a visit from her husband in the summer of 1775, too brief to be consoling, Abigail Adams faced a crisis.
旁白：1775 年夏天，阿比盖尔·亚当斯 (Abigail Adams) 丈夫来探望她，但时间太短，无法带来安慰，之后她面临着一场危机。
Alone.
独自的。
Epidemic dysentery had struck Braintree, leaving a trail of death in its wake.
布伦特里爆发了流行性痢疾，留下了死亡痕迹。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Such is the distress of the neighborhood that I can scarcely find a well person to assist me in looking after the sick.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：邻居们的困境如此严重，我几乎找不到一个健康的人来帮助我照顾病人。
So mortal a time the oldest man does not remember.
如此漫长的岁月，最年长的人都不记得了。
As to politics I know nothing about them.
至于政治我对他们一无所知。
I have wrote as much as I am able to, being very weak.
我已经尽力写了，因为我很虚弱。
Our little Tommy lies very ill now.
我们的小汤米现在病得很重。
Were you to look upon him you would not know him.
如果你看着他，你就不会认识他。
A general putrefaction seems to have taken place, and we cannot bear the house only as we are constantly cleansing it with hot vinegar.
房子似乎已经普遍腐烂，我们无法忍受只用不断用热醋清洗的房子。
Narrator : Abigail's mother too was infected, and in early October, she died.
旁白：阿比盖尔的母亲也被感染，并于十月初去世。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Have pity upon me, have pity upon me, o!
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：可怜可怜我吧，可怜可怜我吧！
thou my beloved, for the hand of God presseth me sore.
你我亲爱的，因为上帝的手使我疼痛。
How can I tell you (o my bursting heart) that my dear mother has left me.
我该如何告诉你（啊，我心碎了）我亲爱的母亲已经离开了我。
This day about five o'clock she left this world for an infinitely better.
这一天大约五点钟，她离开了这个世界，去寻找一个无限美好的世界。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I know I wound your heart.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：我知道我伤了你的心。
Ought I to give relief to my own by paining yours?
我应该通过痛苦你的来缓解我自己的痛苦吗？
Narrator : Three-year-old Tommy survived.
旁白：三岁的汤米活了下来。
John came home in December, but by January of 1776 he was on his way back to Philadelphia.
约翰于 12 月回家，但到了 1776 年 1 月，他就踏上了返回费城的路。
The Congress needed someone to draft a declaration of independence from Great Britain.
国会需要有人起草一份脱离英国的独立宣言。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : That is satisfactory, gentlemen...any further questions?
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：先生们，这很令人满意……还有其他问题吗？
Good, we will meet again tomorrow.
很好，我们明天再见面。
Narrator : Some members thought that Adams should be the writer.
旁白：有些成员认为应该由亚当斯担任编剧。
But he felt that Thomas Jefferson, a 33-year-old planter from Virginia, was a better choice.
但他认为来自弗吉尼亚州的 33 岁种植园主托马斯·杰斐逊是更好的选择。
Jefferson : Why?
杰斐逊：为什么？
Adams : Reasons enough.
亚当斯：理由足够了。
Jefferson : What can be your reasons?
杰斐逊：你的理由是什么？
Adams : Reason first: you are a Virginian and a Virginian ought to appear at the head of this business.
亚当斯：理性第一：你是弗吉尼亚人，弗吉尼亚人应该成为这项业务的领导者。
Reason second: I am obnoxious, suspected and unpopular.
原因二：我令人讨厌、可疑、不受欢迎。
You are very much otherwise.
你却完全不是这样的。
Reason third: You can write ten times better than I can.
理由三：你写得比我好十倍。
John Ferling, Historian : John Adams declined, mostly, I think, because he felt that no one would ever remember the Declaration of Independence.
历史学家约翰·费林：我认为约翰·亚当斯拒绝了，主要是因为他觉得没有人会记得《独立宣言》。
Congress had already adopted a number of declarations.
国会已经通过了一些宣言。
And nobody remembers them today.
今天没有人记得他们。
And Adams was certain that no one would remember the Declaration of Independence.
亚当斯确信没有人会记得《独立宣言》。
Narrator : Jefferson was a Southerner, an aristocrat, a slaveholder- everything that Adams was not.
旁白：杰斐逊是南方人、贵族、奴隶主——而亚当斯则不是。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : John Adams' favorite form of conversation was an argument.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：约翰·亚当斯最喜欢的谈话形式是争论。
He thought that arguments were the only form of conversation that really forced you into truth and into grappling in a struggling way.
他认为争论是唯一真正迫使你了解真相并以挣扎的方式进行斗争的对话形式。
He's the exact opposite of Jefferson.
他与杰斐逊完全相反。
Jefferson regards argument as dissonant noise.
杰斐逊将争论视为不和谐的噪音。
It is almost like bad notes in a song.
这几乎就像歌曲中的坏音符一样。
Whereas for Adams, it is the song.
而对于亚当斯来说，这就是歌曲。
Narrator : Thomas Jefferson, writing with a simple eloquence that John Adams could never have achieved, crafted what would become the most memorable document in American history.
旁白：托马斯·杰斐逊以约翰·亚当斯永远无法达到的简单口才写作，撰写了美国历史上最令人难忘的文件。
In Braintree, Abigail and the children were enjoying a brief respite from war and illness.
在布伦特里，阿比盖尔和孩子们正在享受远离战争和疾病的短暂喘息。
Tommy, now 4, had fully recovered.
汤米现年 4 岁，已完全康复。
His 11-year-old sister Nabby had escaped infection.
他 11 岁的妹妹纳比（Nabby）逃脱了感染。
Washington's troops had managed to drive the British out of Boston.
华盛顿的军队成功地将英国人赶出了波士顿。
The farm was quiet.
农场很安静。
But Abigail was impatient for news from John, and concerned about how women would be treated in the new American republic.
但阿比盖尔对约翰的消息感到不耐烦，并担心新的美利坚共和国将如何对待女性。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : And by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors have been.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：顺便说一句，在我认为您有必要制定的新法典中，我希望您能记住女士们，并且比您的祖先更加慷慨和友善地对待她们。
Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands.
不要将如此无限的权力交到丈夫手中。
Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could.
请记住，如果可以的话，所有的人都将成为暴君。
Edith Gelles, Historian : It was the most bold statement by any woman of her time.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：这是她那个时代女性最大胆的言论。
She was aware that women had rights.
她知道妇女享有权利。
She thought that women's role in the household was equally important with men's role in the greater world.
她认为女性在家庭中的角色与男性在更大世界中的角色同样重要。
And in fact John wrote back and he teased her.
事实上，约翰回信并取笑她。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : We know better than to repeal our masculine systems.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我们知道最好不要废除我们的男性系统。
Although they are in full force, you know they are little more than theory.
尽管它们完全有效，但您知道它们只不过是理论。
We are obliged to go softly.
我们不得不轻轻地走。
And in practice you know we are the subjects.
在实践中你知道我们是主体。
We only have the names of masters.
我们只有大师的名字。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : This is banter.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：这是玩笑。
It's serious banter, however.
然而，这是一个严肃的玩笑。
What really comes through is that this is a political partnership as well as a marriage partnership, and that Abigail knows what is going on inside the Congress in Philadelphia, and understands those arguments as well as any delegate does.
真正的结果是，这是一种政治伙伴关系，也是一种婚姻伙伴关系，阿比盖尔知道费城国会内部正在发生什么，并且像任何代表一样理解这些论点。
Narrator : On July 1, 1776, the Continental Congress faced the great question of the day: Should the colonies declare independence, and abandon any hope for peace and reconciliation with Britain.
旁白：1776 年 7 月 1 日，大陆会议面临着当时的重大问题：殖民地是否应该宣布独立，并放弃与英国和平与和解的任何希望。
Narrator : With the doors locked against spies, the opposition spoke first.
旁白：在对间谍紧锁大门的情况下，反对派首先发言。
John Dickinson pleaded with the delegates not to make a terrible mistake.
约翰·狄金森恳求代表们不要犯下可怕的错误。
David McCullough, Historian : Dickinson said, "To declare independence now, would be to launch our fortunes into the storm in a skiff made of paper." Point being -- this is just a piece of paper, this declaration, and don't do it now, it's too dangerous.
历史学家戴维·麦卡洛：狄金森说过，“现在宣布独立，就等于用纸做的小船把我们的财富投入风暴。”重点是——这只是一张纸，这份声明，现在不要这样做，太危险了。
Let's find out first whether we can win, or let's find out if they're willing to have a reconciliation.
我们先看看我们能不能赢，或者看看他们是否愿意和解。
We don't have to go through the bloodbath.
我们不必经历血洗。
Narrator : A long silence followed Dickinson's address.
旁白：狄金森讲话后是长时间的沉默。
Finally, John Adams took the floor.
最后，约翰·亚当斯发言。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Objects of the most stupendous magnitude are now before us.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：最惊人的物体现在就在我们面前。
We are in the very midst of revolution, the most complete, unexpected, and remarkable of any in the history of the world.
我们正处于一场革命之中，这是世界历史上最彻底、最出人意料、最引人注目的一场革命。
Narrator : Outside, the sky darkened; the clouds unleashed a summer downpour.
旁白：外面，天色暗了下来；云层下起了一场夏日倾盆大雨。
Adams had once written that such storms "unstrung" him.
亚当斯曾经写道，这样的风暴让他“精神崩溃”。
Now, he pressed on, making the case for independence.
现在，他继续努力，提出独立的理由。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : From England we hear nothing but war and revenge.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：从英国我们只听到战争和复仇。
What pains and expense, and misery that stupid people will endure, for the sake of driving the colonies to the necessity of separation.
为了迫使殖民地不得不分离，愚蠢的人们将承受多少痛苦、代价和苦难。
Narrator : The majority must govern, he argued, and the "insolent domination" of the high-born in London be thrown off.
旁白：他认为，多数人必须执政，伦敦贵族的“无礼统治”必须被抛弃。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The decree is gone forth, and cannot be recalled, that a more equal liberty, than has prevailed in other parts of the earth must be established in America.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：法令已经颁布，并且不能被撤销，即必须在美国建立比地球其他地方更加平等的自由。
Narrator : Independence was a military necessity.
旁白：独立是军事上的需要。
America could not win without foreign assistance, and it could not get foreign assistance without first declaring independence.
没有外国援助，美国就无法获胜，如果不首先宣布独立，美国也无法获得外国援助。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : If you imagine that I expect this Declaration to ward off calamities from this country, you are much mistaken.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔）：如果你认为我期望这份宣言能够避免这个国家的灾难，那你就大错特错了。
A bloody conflict we are destined to endure.
我们注定要忍受一场血腥冲突。
That has been my opinion from the beginning.
从一开始这就是我的观点。
It is your hard lot and mine to have been called into life at such a time.
在这样的时刻被呼召进入生命，是你我的艰难命运。
But even these times have their pleasures.
但即使是这些时候也有他们的乐趣。
May heaven prosper the newborn republic and make it more glorious than any former republic has been.
愿上天保佑新生的共和国繁荣昌盛，使其比任何以前的共和国更加辉煌。
Narrator : "The man to whom the country is most indebted for the great measure of independency is Mr. John Adams of Boston," one delegate wrote.
旁白：“这个国家在很大程度上的独立中最受惠的人是波士顿的约翰·亚当斯先生，”一位代表写道。
"I call him the Atlas of American Independence."
“我称他为美国独立地图集。”
With this speech, Adams put his life on the line.
亚当斯发表了这篇演讲，赌上了自己的生命。
Agents of the Crown were drawing up a list of those rebels to be pardoned.
王室特工正在起草一份需要赦免的叛乱分子名单。
John Adams was not on it.
约翰·亚当斯不在其中。
He was to hang.
他要被绞死。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : My dear: I am anxious to hear how you do.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：亲爱的：我很想听听你的表现。
I have in my mind a source of anxiety, which I have never had before.
我心里有一种焦虑的根源，这是我以前从未有过的。
You know what it is.
你知道那是什么。
Narrator : During the harsh winter of 1777, the American army struggled to survive.
旁白：1777年的严冬，美国军队艰难度日。
The British now occupied New York City and threatened New England.
英国人现在占领了纽约市并威胁新英格兰。
And Abigail was pregnant once again.
阿比盖尔再次怀孕了。
Narrator : John was eager for word of his wife's condition, but wary that yet another letter would be intercepted by the British.
旁白：约翰渴望了解他妻子的状况，但又担心另一封信会被英国人截获。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Can't you convey to me, in hieroglyphics, which no other person can comprehend, information which will relieve me.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：你能不能用象形文字向我传达其他人无法理解的信息，让我松一口气。
Tell me you are as well as can be expected.
告诉我你的情况符合预期。
Narrator : Abigail wrote at first of a normal pregnancy, but by the spring she was becoming increasingly apprehensive.
旁白：阿比盖尔一开始写的是一次正常的怀孕，但到了春天，她变得越来越担心。
Edith Gelles, Historian : It was a great struggle for her, being pregnant at a time when there was danger of British troops invading the very area where she lived.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯（Edith Gelles）：这对她来说是一场巨大的斗争，因为当时英国军队有入侵她居住的地区的危险，她正在怀孕。
She was frightened.
她很害怕。
I think it's the only time in her letters that she expresses such vulnerability.
我认为这是她在信中唯一一次表达出这样的脆弱。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I lose my rest at nights.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我晚上无法休息。
I look forward to July with more anxiety than I can describe.
我怀着无法形容的焦虑期待着七月。
Narrator : As the birth approached, Abigail wrote of a nighttime shaking fit, and fears that "a life had been lost" within her.
旁白：随着分娩的临近，阿比盖尔写道，她在夜间发抖，并担心自己“失去了一条生命”。
A short time later, she went into labor.
不久之后，她就临产了。
Edith Gelles, Historian : She suspected that something had gone wrong.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖尔斯（Edith Gelles）：她怀疑出了什么问题。
And she spent the evening writing a letter to John Adams.
她花了一个晚上给约翰·亚当斯写了一封信。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Tis now 48 hours since I can say I really enjoyed any ease.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：距离我可以说我真正享受过任何轻松，已经过去了 48 小时。
Slow, lingering, and troublesome is the present situation.
目前的情况是缓慢的、缠绵的、麻烦的。
The Dr. encourages me to hope that my apprehensions are groundless.
医生鼓励我希望我的担忧是毫无根据的。
I pray heaven that it may be soon or it seems to me I shall be worn out.
我祈求上帝保佑它快点到来，否则我觉得我会精疲力尽。
Edith Gelles, Historian : And the most remarkable thing happens.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：最引人注目的事情发生了。
She writes while she was in labor.
她在分娩时写作。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I must lay my pen down this moment to bear what I cannot fly from -- and now I have endured it, I reassume my pen.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：此刻我必须放下笔来承受我无法逃离的一切——现在我已经忍受了，我重新拿起笔。
Narrator : Abigail had been right.
旁白：阿比盖尔是对的。
The child, a girl, was stillborn.
孩子是个女孩，死产了。
A week later, she wrote again to John.
一周后，她再次写信给约翰。
She pointed out that in the fourteen years that they had been married, they had been together not more than half that time.
她指出，他们结婚十四年来，在一起的时间不超过一半。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : The unfeeling world may consider it in what light they please.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：冷酷无情的世界可以按照他们喜欢的方式来考虑它。
I consider it a sacrifice to my country, and one of my greatest misfortunes.
我认为这是对我的国家的牺牲，也是我最大的不幸之一。
Narrator : In September, the advancing British army closed on Washington's forces on the outskirts of Philadelphia.
旁白：9月，英军在费城郊区逼近华盛顿军队。
Adams and the others were forced to flee the city.
亚当斯和其他人被迫逃离这座城市。
Congress was booted from town to town, staying just ahead of the redcoats.
国会被从一个城镇赶到另一个城镇，只领先于英国军人。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The prospect is chilling on every side.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：各方面的前景都令人不寒而栗。
When will the light spring up?
光何时会出现？
Narrator : In October, the Americans saw a glimmer of light at Saratoga, New York.
旁白：十月，美国人在纽约萨拉托加看到了一线曙光。
The Continental army defeated a British force that had marched south from Canada.
大陆军击败了从加拿大南下的英国军队。
Now, after ten months, John Adams could take the time to come home to his family.
现在，十个月后，约翰·亚当斯可以抽出时间回家与家人团聚。
John Ferling, Historian : I think Abigail thought that they had worked out an agreement that John would come home to stay once independence was declared.
约翰·费林，历史学家：我认为阿比盖尔认为他们已经达成一项协议，一旦宣布独立，约翰就会回家留下来。
And he hadn't done that.
而他并没有那么做。
He had gone back to Congress.
他已经回到国会了。
And now he had come home, presumably to practice law.
现在他回家了，大概是去当律师。
Narrator : In December, while John was away on legal business, an official packet arrived at the farm.
旁白：十二月，当约翰出差时，一个官方包裹到达了农场。
It was from Congress.
这是来自国会的。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams is chosen for what they think is the most important single diplomatic mission possible, namely, to negotiate an alliance with the French.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：亚当斯被选中是因为他们认为这是最重要的单一外交使命，即与法国谈判结盟。
Narrator : The revolution could not survive without money and military support from the French.
旁白：如果没有法国人的金钱和军事支持，革命就无法生存。
Adams was to leave for Paris as soon as possible.
亚当斯将尽快前往巴黎。
John Ferling, Historian : It was just a devastating moment for Abigail.
历史学家约翰·费林：这对阿比盖尔来说是一个毁灭性的时刻。
I think she felt her world collapse around her when she saw that letter.
我想当她看到那封信时，她感到周围的世界崩溃了。
And so an enormous clash develops, I think, between a wife who wants her husband at home, and a husband who wants to continue the public role that he has set out for himself, and which he sees as his future.
因此，我认为，一个希望丈夫留在家里的妻子和一个希望继续扮演他为自己设定的公共角色（他将其视为自己的未来）的丈夫之间发生了巨大的冲突。
Narrator : On the frigid evening of February 13th, 1778, John Adams secretly boarded a frigate bound for France.
旁白：1778年2月13日寒冷的夜晚，约翰·亚当斯秘密登上一艘开往法国的护卫舰。
With him went ten-year-old John Quincy.
和他一起去的还有十岁的约翰·昆西。
Abigail had let him go, despite what she called her "thousand fears." The experience would make her son an "honor to his country," she wrote.
阿比盖尔还是放了他，尽管她称自己有“万千恐惧”。她写道，这段经历将使她的儿子成为“国家的荣誉”。
But she could not bring herself to see them off.
但她无法让自己送行。
David McCullough, Historian : Now nobody went to sea in the wintertime off the coast of New England, in the North Atlantic, even in peacetime.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：现在，即使在和平时期，也没有人在冬天离开新英格兰海岸、北大西洋出海。
And they're sailing not only in the midst of winter, but they're sailing in the midst of war.
他们不仅在隆冬航行，而且还在战争中航行。
And there were British cruisers right off the shore, just waiting to catch somebody like John Adams trying to make a run for France, and take him to England, take him to the Tower of London, and hang him.
英国巡洋舰就在岸边，等着抓住像约翰·亚当斯这样试图逃往法国的人，把他带到英国，带到伦敦塔，然后绞死他。
Narrator : Adams and John Quincy endured a grueling six-week voyage, fraught with fierce winter storms and a harrowing encounter with a British warship.
旁白：亚当斯和约翰·昆西经历了为期六周的艰苦航行，其中充满了猛烈的冬季风暴，并与一艘英国军舰发生了痛苦的遭遇。
Finally, they reached Paris.
最后，他们到达了巴黎。
Before he could unpack, John received jolting news.
还没等他打开行李，约翰就收到了令人震惊的消息。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : : By the time Adams gets there, the French have already signed a treaty.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家 : : 当亚当斯到达那里时，法国人已经签署了一项条约。
So it was a totally unnecessary trip.
所以这是一次完全没有必要的旅行。
Narrator : Even before Adams left Boston, Benjamin Franklin, already in Paris, had moved ahead without him.
旁白：甚至在亚当斯离开波士顿之前，本杰明·富兰克林就已经在巴黎，在没有他的情况下继续前进。
John Ferling, Historian : : And it must have been an enormous letdown.
约翰·费林 (John Ferling)，历史学家 : : 这一定是一个巨大的失望。
He had seen this as an opportunity to score a huge success and the success had already been accomplished.
他认为这是一个获得巨大成功的机会，而且成功已经完成了。
Narrator : There was little for him to do in Paris -- excruciating for a man with his ambition.
旁白：他在巴黎没什么可做的——对于一个有野心的人来说是痛苦的。
He found a good boarding school for John Quincy.
他为约翰·昆西找到了一所很好的寄宿学校。
Practiced his French.
练习了他的法语。
Kept the books for the delegation.
为代表团保留书籍。
Six months earlier, he had been the most important member of Congress.
六个月前，他还是国会最重要的议员。
Now he served as a virtual clerk.
现在他担任虚拟职员。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I am now a man of whom nobody had ever heard before.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我现在是一个以前从未听说过的人。
A man who did not understand a word of French -- awkward in his figure -- awkward in his dress -- a perfect cipher.
一个不懂法语的男人——他的身材很笨拙——他的衣服很笨拙——一个完美的密码。
Narrator : If Adams was a cipher in Paris, Franklin was a star.
旁白：如果说亚当斯是巴黎的一个无名人物，那么富兰克林就是一个明星。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : If you asked a Frenchman who is an American, it is Benjamin Franklin.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：如果你问一个法国人谁是美国人，他就是本杰明·富兰克林。
He is a world-class scientist.
他是一位世界级的科学家。
He is a famous writer.
他是一位著名作家。
Adams is entering a kind of Franklin electromagnetic field.
亚当斯正在进入一种富兰克林电磁场。
And he's jealous of him.
而且他嫉妒他。
Narrator : Adams was contemptuous of the alliance that Franklin had negotiated.
旁白：亚当斯对富兰克林谈判达成的联盟表示蔑视。
The Americans needed the help of the French navy.
美国人需要法国海军的帮助。
He urged Franklin to push the French much harder.
他敦促富兰克林对法国人施加更大的压力。
Franklin refused.
富兰克林拒绝了。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Franklin recognizes that in order to get what we want from France, which is both money and military support, you've got to be deft and you've got to be indirect.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：富兰克林认识到，为了从法国得到我们想要的东西，即金钱和军事支持，你必须灵巧，而且必须间接。
And Adams just thinks, "Look.
亚当斯只是想，“看。
We got -- need the God damn navy over there.
我们需要那里有该死的海军。
Let's get them over there."
我们把他们弄到那里吧。”
Narrator : Adams fired off a torrent of letters back to Congress, critical of Franklin.
旁白：亚当斯向国会发出了大量批评富兰克林的信件。
Franklin, too, took up his pen -- and deftly disposed of John Adams.
富兰克林也拿起了笔——巧妙地处理掉了约翰·亚当斯。
"Adams," he wrote in a widely circulated letter, "is always an honest man, often a wise one, but sometimes and in some things, absolutely out of his senses."
他在一封广为流传的信中写道：“亚当斯始终是一个诚实的人，常常是一个明智的人，但有时在某些事情上，他完全失去了理智。”
Adams languished in Paris.
亚当斯在巴黎备受煎熬。
After ten months, Congress named Franklin the sole American representative to the French court.
十个月后，国会任命富兰克林为法国法院的唯一美国代表。
Adams was pushed aside.
亚当斯被推到一边。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : How lonely are my days?
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：我的日子有多孤独？
How solitary are my nights?
我的夜晚有多孤独？
Secluded from all society but my two little boys, and my domestics.
除了我的两个小男孩和我的家眷外，我与一切社会隔绝。
John Quincy Adams (David Mokrisky) : Mother!
约翰·昆西·亚当斯（大卫·莫克里斯基 饰）：妈妈！
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Abigail!
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔 饰）：阿比盖尔！
Narrator : Fed up with France, John Adams had decided to come home.
旁白：约翰·亚当斯厌倦了法国，决定回家。
He and John Quincy arrived on August 2, 1779.
他和约翰·昆西于 1779 年 8 月 2 日抵达。
It had been a year and a half since Abigail had seen them.
阿比盖尔已经有一年半没见到他们了。
Narrator : Abigail proudly showed John how well the farm had done under her care, despite wartime scarcities and inflation.
旁白：阿比盖尔自豪地向约翰展示，尽管战时物资匮乏和通货膨胀，农场在她的照料下表现得多么出色。
New England was no longer the main battleground; most of the fighting had shifted to the South.
新英格兰不再是主战场；大部分战斗已转移到南方。
And though the outcome of the war was still very much in doubt, many of the states were holding constitutional conventions, preparing for self-government, much as John had urged a few years before.
尽管战争的结果仍然存在很大疑问，但许多州正在召开制宪会议，为自治做准备，正如约翰几年前所敦促的那样。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : And as soon as he gets back, the Massachusetts constitutional convention says, "By the way, would you like to write the constitution?" And he said, "I think I'll give it a go."
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他一回来，马萨诸塞州制宪会议就说：“顺便问一下，你想起草宪法吗？”他说：“我想我会尝试一下。”
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Abigail, hear this: This is the preamble.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：阿比盖尔，听着：这是序言。
The aim of government is to furnish the individuals who compose the body politic with the power of enjoying, in safety and tranquility, their natural rights - and the blessings of life...
政府的目的是让组成国家的个人有能力在安全和安宁的情况下享受他们的自然权利——以及生活的幸福……
David McCullough, Historian : He has no staff.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：他没有员工。
He doesn't have a group of people doing research.
他没有一群人做研究。
It comes out of a mind that I think probably never forgot anything he read.
我认为他可能永远不会忘记他读过的任何东西。
It comes from talent, God-given gift.
它来自天赋，上天赐予的礼物。
And it comes from a tremendous capacity to use the language and to cut through to the essence of things.
它来自于使用语言和切入事物本质的巨大能力。
Narrator : Adams knew from struggling with his own inner conflicts that there were powerful passions deep in the human soul, and that part of the role of government was to restrain those passions, to keep them in check.
旁白：亚当斯在与自己内心冲突的斗争中知道，人类灵魂深处存在着强大的激情，而政府的部分作用就是抑制这些激情，让它们受到控制。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : It's an attempt to say: You've got to balance and separate and balance and separate power.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：这是试图说：你必须平衡、分离、平衡和分离权力。
You can't allow it to be just power that flows forward in its own ferocious way.
你不能让它只是以自己凶猛的方式向前流动的力量。
Narrator : The power Adams feared most was that of an American aristocracy.
旁白：亚当斯最害怕的权力是美国贵族的权力。
John Ferling, Historian : He was attempting to devise a structure of government that would prevent the wealthiest, the most elite in American society, from gaining control.
历史学家约翰·费林：他试图设计一种政府结构，阻止美国社会最富有、最精英的人获得控制权。
Narrator : Adams called for a strong executive in the form of a governor with veto power; for two branches of the legislature, and an independent judiciary.
旁白：亚当斯呼吁建立一个强有力的行政机构，即拥有否决权的州长；立法机关的两个分支和独立的司法机关。
David McCullough, Historian : Adams was the driving champion of that.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：亚当斯是这方面的推动者。
You must have an independent judiciary.
你必须有独立的司法机构。
The judiciary must be able to come to its decisions without the influence of politics or the power of the other segments of government.
司法机构必须能够在不受政治或政府其他部门权力影响的情况下做出决定。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : And by late summer and early fall, he has written this document, which still is the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is generally regarded as the model state constitution, the one that became the closest approximation of what the federal Constitution is going to be.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：到夏末秋初，他编写了这份文件，该文件仍然是马萨诸塞州的宪法，并且通常被视为模范州宪法，是最接近联邦宪法的宪法。
Narrator : Abigail rejoiced in having the family back together.
旁白：阿比盖尔很高兴一家人重聚。
But in October, Congress called on Adams once again.
但十月份，国会再次呼吁亚当斯。
He was asked to return to Paris to lay the groundwork for a peace treaty with Britain.
他被要求返回巴黎，为与英国的和平条约奠定基础。
And once again, he said yes.
他再一次说是的。
Abigail steeled herself for another separation.
阿比盖尔为再次分离做好了准备。
Her husband, and, they had decided, their two older sons, John Quincy and Charles, would be gone for God knows how long.
她的丈夫，以及他们的两个大儿子约翰·昆西和查尔斯，天知道要离开多久。
Concealing her own anxiety, she encouraged a reluctant John Quincy to make the most of a difficult moment.
她掩饰自己的焦虑，鼓励不情愿的约翰·昆西充分利用这个困难的时刻。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : These are the times in which a genius would wish to live.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：这是一个天才希望生活的时代。
It is not in the still calm of life that great characters are formed.
伟大的人物并不是在平静的生活中形成的。
The habits of a vigorous mind are formed in contending with difficulties.
旺盛的心灵的习惯是在与困难的斗争中养成的。
Great necessities call out great virtues.
伟大的需要呼唤伟大的美德。
Narrator : Adams knew the British were not yet ready to talk.
旁白：亚当斯知道英国人还没有准备好谈话。
The mission could take years.
这项任务可能需要数年时间。
He had agreed to go without consulting Abigail.
他没有咨询阿比盖尔就同意了。
John Ferling, Historian : Adams made the decision to go back to France because he was John Adams.
约翰·费林，历史学家：亚当斯做出返回法国的决定，因为他是约翰·亚当斯。
I mean he was an ambitious man and what could be more outstanding than to be the sole negotiator of the peace treaty that would recognize American independence.
我的意思是，他是一个雄心勃勃的人，还有什么比成为承认美国独立的和平条约的唯一谈判者更杰出的呢。
Narrator : After John left, Abigail was in despair...
旁白：约翰离开后，阿比盖尔陷入了绝望……
At the age of 34, she felt as if she were widowed or divorced.
34岁时，她感觉自己好像丧偶或离婚了。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : My habitation, how disconsolate it looks!
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：我的住处，看起来多么凄凉啊！
My table, I set down to it but cannot swallow my food.
我坐在我的桌子上，但无法吞咽食物。
Narrator : John had spent only 71 days with his family.
旁白：约翰只和家人一起度过了 71 天。
Back in Paris, Adams found his hands were tied once again.
回到巴黎，亚当斯发现自己的双手再次被束缚。
America's ally, France, was not willing to help him start peace talks with its age-old enemy, Britain.
美国的盟友法国不愿意帮助他与其宿敌英国展开和谈。
And the British rebuffed him completely.
英国人完全拒绝了他。
John Adams was beginning to see the limits of European alliances.
约翰·亚当斯开始看到欧洲联盟的局限性。
He wrote to Congress:
他写信给国会：
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I am convinced that all the powers of Europe rejoice in the American Revolution, yet I think that not one of them wishes to see America rise very fast to power.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我确信欧洲所有强国都为美国革命感到高兴，但我认为没有一个国家希望看到美国迅速崛起。
Narrator : But in 1780, a fast rise to power seemed unlikely.
旁白：但在 1780 年，快速掌权似乎不太可能。
The war had dragged on for five years; America was broke.
战争已经持续了五年；美国破产了。
There had been talk in Congress of seeking loans from Holland.
国会曾讨论过向荷兰寻求贷款的问题。
Acting on his own, Adams packed up the boys and left for Amsterdam.
亚当斯独自一人收拾好孩子们的行李，前往阿姆斯特丹。
Wealthy Dutch bankers, he hoped, could lend enough money to keep the American war effort alive.
他希望富有的荷兰银行家能够借出足够的资金来维持美国的战争努力。
David McCullough, Historian : He didn't speak a word of Dutch.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：他一句荷兰语都不会说。
He didn't know anyone in the Netherlands.
他在荷兰不认识任何人。
He's going in there as cold as one could be.
他要尽可能地冷下去。
John Ferling, Historian : And he worked, and he worked, and he tried to open every door.
约翰·费林，历史学家：他工作，他工作，他试图打开每一扇门。
He courted people in Holland.
他向荷兰人求爱。
He did everything that he could possibly do.
他做了他能做的一切。
Narrator : Adams drove himself to exhaustion, but had little success.
旁白：亚当斯把自己逼得精疲力竭，却收效甚微。
After more than a year, he wrote that his life in Holland had become "gloomy and melancholy," his work "useless."
一年多后，他写道，他在荷兰的生活变得“阴郁而忧郁”，他的工作“毫无用处”。
Then, in the fall of 1781, Washington's army rallied, delivering a crippling blow to the mighty forces of the British king at Yorktown, Virginia.
然后，1781 年秋天，华盛顿的军队集结，对弗吉尼亚州约克镇的英国国王的强大军队造成了沉重打击。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : My dearest friend, America may boast that she has accomplished what no power before her ever did -- captured two of their celebrated generals and each with an army of thousands of veteran troops to support them.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我最亲爱的朋友，美国可能会夸口说她已经完成了之前任何国家都未曾做过的事情——俘虏了两位著名的将军，并为每位将军配备了一支由数千名老兵组成的军队来支持他们。
This event must fill Britain with despondency.
这一事件必定会让英国感到沮丧。
Narrator : A fleet of French ships had made the decisive difference, helping the Americans to surround the British.
旁白：法国舰队发挥了决定性作用，帮助美国人包围了英国人。
It was sweet vindication for John Adams, who had battled for years to get the French navy into the fight.
对于约翰·亚当斯来说，这是一次甜蜜的辩护，他多年来一直在努力让法国海军加入战斗。
Narrator : The victory gave Adams new leverage in Amsterdam.
旁白：这场胜利给亚当斯在阿姆斯特丹带来了新的影响力。
If the Dutch wanted to be aligned with the winning side, the time to loan money to the Americans was now.
如果荷兰人想与获胜方结盟，那么现在就是借钱给美国人的时候了。
David McCullough, Historian : He gets the Dutch government to loan our country millions of dollars, one of the most important diplomatic coups of all time.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：他让荷兰政府向我们国家贷款数百万美元，这是有史以来最重要的外交政变之一。
And he did it on his own.
他自己做到了。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : If this were to be the only action of my life, it would have been well spent.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：如果这是我一生中唯一的行动，那我就花得值了。
I hope however you will pardon the vanity.
但我希望你能原谅我的虚荣心。
Narrator : With support from the Dutch, the American military could keep the pressure on the British.
旁白：有了荷兰人的支持，美国军队可以继续对英国人施加压力。
Soon, there were signs that London might be ready to negotiate.
很快，有迹象表明伦敦可能准备好进行谈判。
Adams returned to France, where preliminary British-American peace talks were under way.
亚当斯返回法国，英美正在进行初步和谈。
After months of delicate negotiations, John Adams, along with Benjamin Franklin, put his signature on a treaty that was a diplomatic triumph for the United States.
经过几个月的微妙谈判，约翰·亚当斯和本杰明·富兰克林签署了一项条约，这是美国的外交胜利。
The American Revolution was over.
美国革命结束了。
A new nation was born.
一个新的国家诞生了。
Adams stayed in Europe to firm up relations with other countries, including England.
亚当斯留在欧洲巩固与包括英国在内的其他国家的关系。
He had never before set foot in the land of his former enemies, and found himself enthralled by the wonders of London.
他以前从未踏足过他以前的敌人的土地，却发现自己被伦敦的奇观所吸引。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I have this day seen an inestimable collection of paintings by the greatest masters -- Raphael, Rubens, Van Dyke.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：今天我看到了最伟大的大师——拉斐尔、鲁本斯、范戴克——的一系列不可估量的画作。
The library is the most elegant thing I ever saw.
图书馆是我见过的最优雅的地方。
Come to Europe with Nabby as soon as possible, and view these magnificent scenes.
尽快和娜比一起来欧洲，看看这些壮丽的景色吧。
Narrator : But there was a farm to run.
旁白：但是有一个农场需要经营。
Europe was too expensive.
欧洲太贵了。
She would feel awkward, an embarrassment to John.
她会感到尴尬，让约翰感到尴尬。
Edith Gelles, Historian : She was nervous about going to Europe because she was a mere American going onto the stage of dignitaries.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖尔斯（Edith Gelles）：她对去欧洲感到紧张，因为她只是一个登上政要舞台的美国人。
She was going to be dealing with statesmen.
她要和政治家打交道。
I think it's the only time that she expresses such a lack of self-confidence.
我认为这是她唯一一次表现出如此缺乏自信。
Narrator : Reluctantly, Abigail said yes.
旁白：阿比盖尔不情愿地答应了。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : My dear sister, Mr. Adams professes himself so much happier for having his family with him that I feel amply gratified in having ventured across the ocean.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我亲爱的妹妹，亚当斯先生自称因为有家人陪伴而感到非常高兴，因此我对这次冒险跨越大洋感到非常满意。
Narrator : John had found a villa for his family in Auteuil, a country town not far from Paris.
旁白：约翰在距离巴黎不远的乡村小镇奥特伊为家人找到了一栋别墅。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : We are indeed a very very happy family once more, after a separation of four years.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：在分开四年后，我们确实再次成为一个非常非常幸福的家庭。
David McCullough, Historian : Imagine.
历史学家戴维·麦卡洛：想象一下。
Here's a woman who had scarcely ever been 60 miles from home, had maybe slept in- overnight in someone else's house twice in her life, who suddenly is plunked down in the Paris, the France of Louis XVI, with all of these superbly educated, cultivated, elegantly dressed men and women.
这是一个几乎从未离开过家 60 英里的女人，一生中可能曾两次在别人家里过夜，突然间，她来到了巴黎，路易十六的法国，与所有这些受过良好教育、有教养、衣着优雅的男人和女人在一起。
And at first she's stunned.
起初她很震惊。
Well, she picks up the dance step very fast, and pretty soon she not only is holding her own, she loves it.
嗯，她的舞步学得很快，很快她不仅掌握了自己的舞步，而且还喜欢它。
Narrator : She fell in love with the theater, the opera.
旁白：她爱上了戏剧、歌剧。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : There is the grandest scenery, and the passions all excited until you imagine yourself living at the very period.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：那里有最壮丽的风景，激情澎湃，直到你想象自己生活在那个时代。
David McCullough, Historian : She had read plays all of her life.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：她一生都在读戏剧。
She'd never seen one.
她从未见过。
There was no theater in Boston.
波士顿没有剧院。
Imagine going to the opera in Paris.
想象一下去巴黎看歌剧院。
You couldn't have even conceived of what an experience of going to the opera was like, just to go into the building at that time.
你甚至无法想象，当时只是走进歌剧院去听一场歌剧院是一种怎样的体验。
And she was thrilled.
她很兴奋。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Youth, beauty, grace, ease clad in all the most pleasing ornaments of dress and singing like cherubs!
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：青春、美丽、优雅、轻松，穿着所有最令人愉悦的服饰，唱歌就像小天使一样！
O!
哦！
It has a soft persuasive power and a dying, dying sound!
它有一种柔和的说服力和一种垂死的、垂死的声音！
Narrator : But Abigail struggled with the language.
旁白：但是阿比盖尔在语言方面遇到了困难。
She grew homesick.
她开始想家了。
She had never before wanted a pet, but now she bought a tiny songbird, and found comfort in its delicate, cheerful company.
她以前从未想要养宠物，但现在她买了一只小鸣鸟，并在它精致、快乐的陪伴中找到了安慰。
The whole family enjoyed the visits of an American friend who had come to Paris to work with Adams and Franklin.
全家人都很高兴一位美国朋友来巴黎与亚当斯和富兰克林一起工作。
Edith Gelles, Historian : John and Jefferson knew each other.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：约翰和杰斐逊彼此认识。
They'd served on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence together.
他们曾一起在起草《独立宣言》的委员会中任职。
So that they were long-time friends and colleagues.
所以他们是长期的朋友和同事。
But this was the first time he had met the Adams family, and Jefferson liked the Adams family.
但这是他第一次见到亚当斯一家，杰斐逊很喜欢亚当斯一家。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : I think that this time in Paris in '84, '85, is the time when Adams and Jefferson really bond, when the relationship becomes an emotional relationship as well as a collegial relationship.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：我认为84年、85年在巴黎的这一次，是亚当斯和杰斐逊真正建立联系的时候，那时这种关系不仅成为一种情感关系，而且成为一种同事关系。
Abigail says at the time that Jefferson is the only man that her husband can speak to in confidence without any concern or any restriction.
阿比盖尔当时表示，杰斐逊是她丈夫唯一可以在没有任何顾虑或任何限制的情况下私下交谈的人。
There's a coming together of these two personalities here in a way that is fateful for American history.
这两个人物以一种对美国历史具有决定性意义的方式聚集在一起。
Narrator : "Jefferson," Adams wrote to a friend in Congress, "is an excellent hand.
旁白：“杰斐逊，”亚当斯写信给国会的一位朋友，“是一位出色的人。
You could not have sent a better."
你不可能派出更好的了。”
David McCullough, Historian : John Quincy Adams looked upon Thomas Jefferson as kind of an uncle, a beloved uncle, and spent as much time as he possibly could with Jefferson.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：约翰·昆西·亚当斯将托马斯·杰斐逊视为一位叔叔，一位深爱的叔叔，并尽可能多地与杰斐逊在一起。
And it's a wonderful time in their lives.
这是他们生命中美好的时光。
The war is over.
战争结束了。
Their new nation is launched.
他们的新国家成立了。
The possibilities seem limitless.
可能性似乎是无限的。
And it's a lovely interlude.
这是一个可爱的插曲。
Narrator : Jefferson had never met a woman quite like Abigail Adams.
旁白：杰斐逊从未见过像阿比盖尔·亚当斯这样的女人。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : She can move elegantly from a conversation about silk and gloves to a discussion about the tariff policy of the French.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：她可以优雅地从有关丝绸和手套的谈话转向有关法国关税政策的讨论。
He's not used to that.
他不习惯这样。
She threads these different pieces together, and that confounds him.
她将这些不同的部分串在一起，这让他感到困惑。
Narrator : Abigail was charmed.
旁白：阿比盖尔被迷住了。
Thomas Jefferson, she wrote, was "one of the choice ones of the earth." Jefferson and the Adamses parted with great regret when John was named the first American minister to London.
她写道，托马斯·杰斐逊是“地球上精选的人之一”。当约翰被任命为第一位美国驻伦敦公使时，杰斐逊和亚当斯夫妇带着极大的遗憾分手了。
On June 1, 1785, Adams was to be presented to King George III.
1785 年 6 月 1 日，亚当斯将被赠送给国王乔治三世。
He worked and re-worked what he would say to the King.
他反复修改他要对国王说的话。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : "I shall esteem my self the happiest of men if I can restore the old good humor between people who, though separated by an ocean and under different governments, have the same language, and kindred blood."
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：“虽然远隔重洋，在不同的政府统治下，但拥有相同的语言和血缘关系，如果我能够恢复人们之间古老的良好幽默感，我将认为自己是最幸福的人。”
David McCullough, Historian : What a scene.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：真是一个场景。
What a moment.
多么美好的一刻啊。
Here's a farmer's son from New England, standing before His Majesty the King, who would have hanged John Adams had John Adams been caught, only a few years before.
这是一位来自新英格兰的农民的儿子，站在国王陛下面前，如果约翰·亚当斯在几年前被抓住的话，国王陛下会绞死约翰·亚当斯。
Narrator : But the old good humor between Britain and America was not so easily restored.
旁白：但是英美之间昔日的良好幽默感却没那么容易恢复。
Adams had little success in encouraging trade with the British, and he was mocked and condescended to in the press.
亚当斯在鼓励与英国的贸易方面收效甚微，他还受到媒体的嘲笑和居高临下。
David McCullough, Historian : John Adams was the representative of this small, untried, distant, little cluster of population at the edge of a huge wilderness, with no guarantee whatsoever that their new dream nation was going to succeed.
大卫·麦卡洛（David McCullough），历史学家：约翰·亚当斯是这个位于大片荒野边缘的、未经尝试的、遥远的、小群人口的代表，无论如何也不能保证他们的新梦想国家会成功。
In fact, most of the wise heads of Europe were quite confident that it would not succeed, that it would fail.
事实上，欧洲大多数明智的首脑都非常有信心它不会成功，它会失败。
Narrator : On a bright June day in 1788, a ship bringing John and Abigail Adams back from Europe approached Boston harbor.
旁白：1788 年六月一个阳光明媚的日子，一艘载着约翰·亚当斯和阿比盖尔·亚当斯从欧洲回来的船接近波士顿港。
Through his long years of public service, Adams had often felt pushed aside by other more charismatic figures.
在多年的公共服务生涯中，亚当斯经常感到被其他更有魅力的人物排挤在一边。
Now, church bells rang throughout the city.
现在，教堂的钟声响遍了整个城市。
Cannon thundered a welcome.
加农大声表示欢迎。
A crowd of several thousand waited at the dock to greet him.
数千人在码头等候迎接他。
To his great surprise, John Adams had returned a hero.
令他大吃一惊的是，约翰·亚当斯又英雄归来。
The Adamses were glad to be home, but John found the pull of politics irresistible, and let his name be put forward in the first presidential election that fall.
亚当斯一家很高兴回到家，但约翰发现政治的吸引力不可抗拒，并让他的名字在那年秋天的第一次总统选举中被提名。
By the following spring, he was in New York, the temporary capital of the new nation.
第二年春天，他到达了新国家的临时首都纽约。
George Washington had been elected president.
乔治·华盛顿当选总统。
Adams had received the second-highest number of votes, which under the new Constitution made him vice president.
亚当斯获得了第二高的选票，根据新宪法，他成为副总统。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : I think what that vote suggests is that he ranks second only to Washington as a kind of revolutionary hero because that's what really was being voted on.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：我认为这次投票表明，他是仅次于华盛顿的革命英雄，因为这才是真正被投票的对象。
Narrator : Stepping into a new, untried government, John Adams was anxious -- and with good reason.
旁白：进入一个未经考验的新政府后，约翰·亚当斯感到焦虑——这是有充分理由的。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : People aren't sure if this whole experiment is even going to survive more than a few years.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：人们不确定整个实验是否会持续几年以上。
There's every chance that it'll be a failed experiment.
这很有可能是一次失败的实验。
Narrator : There was no army to speak of.
旁白：没有军队可言。
No national currency.
没有本国货币。
No permanent capital.
无永久资本。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : I think a lot of people were probably standing two steps back and watching to see what happened.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：我想很多人可能都退后两步，观察发生了什么。
Narrator : During the war, Adams had been called the Atlas of Independence.
旁白：战争期间，亚当斯被称为独立阿特拉斯。
Now he held the second-highest office in the land, and would preside over the inaugural session of the Senate.
现在他担任该国第二高职位，并将主持参议院的首届会议。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He liked the idea of being the second most significant figure, but he is also the originator of all of the jokes that will eventually be made about the office of the vice presidency (you know), which in the 20th century has been described as not worth a bucketful of warm spit.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：他喜欢成为第二重要人物的想法，但他也是最终关于副总统职位（你知道）的所有笑话的鼻祖，在 20 世纪，副总统职位被描述为不值得一桶温暖的唾沫。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Dearest Friend, I procured a load of salt hay for the stock, but the hill is trod down so hard by the cattle that it will provide no grass this year.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：最亲爱的朋友，我买了一车盐干草来饲养牲畜，但是这座山被牛踩得很厉害，今年不会再提供草了。
...
...
Narrator : Abigail had stayed at their farm.
旁白：阿比盖尔住在他们的农场。
They had finally been able to buy a bigger house near their old one, and there was much to be done.
他们终于能够在旧房子附近买一栋更大的房子了，而且还有很多事情要做。
She was no longer deeply lonely when John was away, but he was desperate to have her by his side.
约翰不在的时候，她不再感到深深的孤独，但他却迫切地想要她在他身边。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I pray you to come, as soon as possible.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我祈祷你尽快来。
As to money you must if you can borrow enough to bring you here.
至于钱，如果你能借到足够的钱才能来这里。
If you cannot borrow enough, you must sell horses, oxen, sheep, cows, anything.
如果你借不到足够的钱，你就必须卖掉马、牛、羊、牛，任何东西。
If no one will take the place, leave it to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field.
如果没有人占据这个位置，那就留给空中的飞鸟和田野的走兽吧。
He doesn't feel that he can conduct himself as vice-president with the degree of intelligence and success that he wishes, if she's not with him.
他觉得，如果她不和他在一起，他就无法以副总统的身份表现出他所希望的智慧和成功。
Narrator : Abigail packed up the household and moved to New York.
旁白：阿比盖尔收拾好家务搬到了纽约。
John had found them a house at Richmond Hill, in what is now Greenwich Village.
约翰在里士满山为他们找到了一处房子，也就是现在的格林威治村。
Abigail grew to love Richmond Hill, with its views reaching down to the Hudson River.
阿比盖尔渐渐爱上了里士满山，那里的景色一直延伸到哈德逊河。
She began to worry, she wrote, about being "too happy in the situation to have it lasting." She asked her sister and friends to set her straight if she started putting on airs.
她写道，她开始担心“对这种情况太高兴而无法让它持续下去”。如果她开始摆架子，她请姐姐和朋友纠正她。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Watch over my conduct and if at any time you perceive any alteration in me arising from my situation in life, I beg you would acquaint me with it.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：留意我的行为，如果你在任何时候发现我因我的生活状况而发生任何变化，我恳求你让我知道。
I know mankind are prone to deceive themselves.
我知道人类很容易欺骗自己。
Narrator : John Adams had very definite ideas about his role in the new government, but his experience as a leader during the Revolution did not serve him well in the Senate.
旁白：约翰·亚当斯对于自己在新政府中的角色有着非常明确的想法，但他在革命期间作为领导人的经历并没有让他在参议院得到很好的发挥。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Poor John Adams.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：可怜的约翰·亚当斯。
He clearly assumed that he would be presiding over the Senate.
他显然认为他将主持参议院。
So he would be giving advice, suggesting things from the past, sort of lecturing to the Senate- which did not go over very well.
所以他会提出建议，提出过去的事情，有点像向参议院演讲——但效果并不好。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams has a genius for putting things in a way that will almost certainly be misconstrued.
约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis），历史学家：亚当斯有一种天才，他能以一种几乎肯定会被误解的方式来表达事物。
In one of the early debates in the Senate, the question was what do we call the president of the United States?
在参议院的一场早期辩论中，问题是我们如何称呼美国总统？
Adams believed the office of president needed to be given stature, lest it be overwhelmed by the Congress.
亚当斯认为，总统办公室需要获得一定的地位，以免被国会压垮。
So therefore you needed to give the president a title.
因此你需要给总统一个头衔。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I propose -- I propose: "His Highness, the President of the United States and Protector of the Rights of the Same."
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔）：我提议——我提议：“殿下，美国总统和同一权利的保护者。”
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Which of course is harkening back to a monarch, which in his mind makes perfect sense because it makes him an equal to all of these other monarchs on the world stage.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：这当然让人回想起君主，在他看来，这完全有道理，因为这使他与世界舞台上所有其他君主平等。
He's horrified when someone suggests "Mr. President" or "President of the United States," because he says at the time, "There are presidents of cricket clubs.
当有人建议“总统先生”或“美国总统”时，他感到震惊，因为他当时说，“有板球俱乐部的主席。
What does that mean, president?"
总统先生，这是什么意思？”
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : It was common -- it was common-- while he commanded the army to call General Washington "His Excellency," but it would appear to me better to give him no title than to put him on a level with the governor of Bermuda.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：这很常见——这很常见——虽然他命令军队称呼华盛顿将军为“阁下”，但在我看来，不给他任何头衔比让他与百慕大总督平起平坐更好。
John Ferling, Historian : There was enormous concern in the United States about monarchy.
约翰·费林，历史学家：美国对君主制存在极大的担忧。
Many people misinterpreted him and believed that what he was actually calling for was the creation of an American monarchy.
许多人误解了他，认为他实际上呼吁的是建立美国君主制。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams doesn't worry that he's going to be accused of being a monarchist because he's got impeccable revolutionary credentials.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：亚当斯并不担心他会被指控为君主主义者，因为他拥有无可挑剔的革命资历。
He's the guy that overthrew the monarch.
他就是推翻君主的人。
Right?
正确的？
Narrator : The Senate voted to rein in Adams, officially changing the role of vice president for all time.
旁白：参议院投票决定限制亚当斯，正式改变副总统的角色。
America's leading political thinker would not be permitted to join in as they debated vital questions about the future of the new United States.
美国领先的政治思想家将不被允许参与讨论有关新美国未来的重要问题。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : It is to be sure a punishment to hear other men talk for five hours every day and not to be at liberty to talk myself.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：每天听别人讲话五个小时而自己却不能自由地讲话，这无疑是一种惩罚。
Especially as more than half I hear appears to me very young, inconsiderate and inexperienced.
尤其是我听到的一半以上的人都显得非常年轻、不体贴、缺乏经验。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Clearly, he must have thought to himself: Nonsense.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：显然，他一定心里想：胡说八道。
Utter nonsense.
完全是胡说八道。
Utter nonsense.
完全是胡说八道。
But he can't say, "Stop." "You don't know what you're talking about." He just has to sit there.
但他不能说：“停下来。” “你不知道自己在说什么。”他只需要坐在那里。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : This is like muzzling one of the great oratorical forces in the American Revolution.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：这就像压制美国革命中最伟大的演说力量之一。
And he's very despondent.
他非常沮丧。
The great talker has to listen.
伟大的谈话者必须倾听。
Narrator : In the rainy spring of 1790, Benjamin Franklin died.
旁白：1790年的一个多雨的春天，本杰明·富兰克林去世了。
The press hailed him as a grand old man of the revolution, almost a god.
媒体称赞他是一位伟大的革命老人，几乎是一位神。
Adams was furious.
亚当斯非常愤怒。
Franklin was being lionized, while he, Adams, sat muzzled in the senate, his own role in the revolution pushed into the shadows.
富兰克林受到人们的崇拜，而他，亚当斯，却被捂住嘴坐在参议院，他自己在革命中的角色被推到了阴影中。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The history of our revolution will be one continued lie.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我们革命的历史将是一个持续的谎言。
The essence will be that Dr. Franklin's electrical rod smote the earth and out sprung General Washington.
本质上是富兰克林博士的电棒击中了地球，并诞生了华盛顿将军。
That Franklin electrified him with his rod and thence forward these two conducted all the policy, negotiation, legislation, and war.
富兰克林用他的权杖使他通电，此后这两个人主导了所有的政策、谈判、立法和战争。
Narrator : This anguish over his rightful place in history would torment Adams for the rest of his life.
旁白：这种对自己在历史上应有地位的痛苦将折磨亚当斯一生。
In the fall, the Adamses had to leave Richmond Hill.
秋天，亚当斯一家不得不离开列治文山。
Congress had voted to move the capital to Philadelphia while they sought a permanent location on the Potomac River.
国会投票决定将首都迁往费城，同时他们也在波托马克河上寻求永久选址。
Abigail was miserable.
阿比盖尔很痛苦。
It was the fifth time in six years she had had to pack and move, and they were barely getting by on the meager income from the farm and John's modest salary.
这是六年来她第五次不得不收拾行李搬家，他们靠农场的微薄收入和约翰微薄的薪水勉强度日。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Public business must be done by somebody.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：公共事务必须由某人来完成。
If wise men decline it, others will not; if honest men refuse it, others will not.
如果智者拒绝，其他人也不会；如果诚实的人拒绝，其他人也不会。
Narrator : Adams had become more comfortable with his role in the Senate, no longer presiding like a volcano about to erupt.
旁白：亚当斯对自己在参议院的角色感到更加自在，不再像一座即将喷发的火山那样主持会议。
In 1792, Washington and Adams were easily re-elected.
1792年，华盛顿和亚当斯轻松连任。
But events unfolding across the Atlantic would make the next four years as wrenching as any they would endure.
但大西洋彼岸发生的事件将使他们接下来的四年变得无比痛苦。
In France, with cries of liberty, equality, and brotherhood, the people had risen up against the king, vowing to crush the old regime.
在法国，人民呼喊着自由、平等和兄弟情谊，奋起反抗国王，誓言要推翻旧政权。
Many Americans believed that the spark of liberty they had kindled at Lexington and Concord was now alive in Europe.
许多美国人相信，他们在列克星敦和康科德点燃的自由火花现在在欧洲依然活跃。
Across the United States, people flew the French flag and gave money to the cause.
在美国各地，人们飘扬着法国国旗并为这一事业捐款。
Adams would have no part of it.
亚当斯不会参与其中。
The Founding Fathers had sought to preserve order even while fighting for independence.
即使在争取独立的同时，开国元勋们也试图维持秩序。
But the French seemed bent on the total destruction of the existing system of law and government.
但法国人似乎一心想要彻底摧毁现有的法律和政府体系。
As a young lawyer in Boston two decades earlier, John Adams had passionately condemned mob violence.
二十年前，约翰·亚当斯作为波士顿的一名年轻律师，曾强烈谴责暴民暴力。
In 1770, when British soldiers were on trial for murder after shooting into an angry crowd -- the so-called Boston Massacre -- it was John Adams who had taken their case, arguing they had a right to defend themselves.
1770 年，当英国士兵向愤怒的人群开枪后因谋杀罪受审时（即所谓的波士顿大屠杀），约翰·亚当斯接手了他们的案子，认为他们有权为自己辩护。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The mob whistling, screaming and crying "kill them!
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：暴徒们吹着口哨、尖叫着、哭喊着“杀了他们！”
kill them!....
杀掉他们！......
Narrator : Adams felt deeply that the mob in Boston that night had been a serious threat to the rule of law.
旁白：亚当斯深感波士顿当晚的暴徒对法治构成了严重威胁。
And so too was the bloody revolution in France.
法国的血腥革命也是如此。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He says on many occasions that this is going to be the classical pattern: a mob rule, violence and terror, and eventually the establishment of a despotic government, ruled by a single person.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他在很多场合说这将是经典模式：暴民统治、暴力和恐怖，最终建立一个由一个人统治的专制政府。
Narrator : He wrote in great agitation to his old friend Thomas Jefferson:
旁白：他极其激动地写信给他的老朋友托马斯·杰斐逊：
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Reasoning has all been lost.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：推理已经全部丧失。
Passion and prejudice will govern.
激情和偏见将占主导地位。
Narrator : But Jefferson was enthralled with the unfolding drama in France.
旁白：但是杰斐逊对法国正在上演的戏剧着迷。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Jefferson starts out with this idea that the French Revolution is the spark of liberty moving around the world, and doesn't really let go of that horse.
乔安妮·弗里曼（Joanne Freeman），历史学家：杰斐逊一开始就认为法国大革命是自由在世界范围内传播的火花，并且并没有真正放开那匹马。
He just hangs onto that horse.
他只是抓住那匹马。
He really thinks, even when things get bloody and violent, that, well, (you know) you need a little bloodshed in the greater cause of liberty across the world.
他确实认为，即使事情变得血腥和暴力，（你知道）为了全世界自由的伟大事业，你需要一点流血。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He's absolutely sincere.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他绝对是真诚的。
He really does think that the principles in the Declaration of Independence and the principles of the French Revolution are synonymous.
他确实认为《独立宣言》中的原则和法国大革命的原则是同义词。
If the last king can be strangled with the entrails of the last priest, we will have destroyed the institutions that have stood in the way of human freedom.
如果最后一位国王可以用最后一位牧师的内脏勒死，我们就会摧毁那些阻碍人类自由的机构。
Narrator : But John Adams held a starkly different view of the events in France.
旁白：但是约翰·亚当斯对法国发生的事件持有截然不同的看法。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : He thinks they're in this bloody, anarchic chaos over there.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：他认为他们正处于那边血腥、无政府的混乱之中。
And what would prevent some of that chaos and confusion from working its way to America?
怎样才能阻止这种混乱和困惑蔓延到美国呢？
Joseph Ellis, Historian : These are big issues that they're disagreeing on.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：这些都是他们在重大问题上存在分歧的问题。
It's not just a single event.
这不仅仅是一个单一事件。
It's the meaning of western history, and what direction it's headed in.
这就是西方历史的意义，以及它的走向。
and how we should lead it, and how we should join it.
以及我们应该如何领导它，以及我们应该如何加入它。
Narrator : By late 1793, only faint traces of John and Abigail's old friendship with Jefferson remained.
旁白：到了 1793 年底，约翰和阿比盖尔与杰斐逊的旧日友谊仅存了一些微弱的痕迹。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I have so long been in the habit of thinking well of his abilities and general good dispositions that I cannot but feel some regret.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：长期以来，我一直习惯于评价他的能力和良好的性格，这让我不得不感到有些遗憾。
But his mind is now poisoned with passion and prejudice...and I will not weep.
但他的思想现在被激情和偏见毒害了……我不会哭泣。
Narrator : In the summer of 1796, as his second term as vice president drew to a close, Adams, now sixty, returned to the farm and threw himself into work in the fields, acting as if the coming presidential election were the furthest thing from his mind.
旁白：1796年夏天，当他的第二个副总统任期即将结束时，现年六十岁的亚当斯回到农场，全身心地投入到田里干活，仿佛即将到来的总统选举是他最不关心的事情。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : My men are hilling the corn over the road.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我的人正在路上把玉米堆起来。
A soft fine rain is falling as sweetly as I ever saw.
一场细雨如我所见过的那样甜蜜。
It will refresh the gardens, revive the corn, make the fruit grow rapidly.
它将使花园焕然一新，使玉米复活，使水果迅速生长。
Narrator : He even ventured to give his rocky little acreage, now part of the town of Quincy, a grand name.
旁白：他甚至冒险给他那片岩石般的小土地（现在是昆西镇的一部分）起了一个宏伟的名字。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I think to christen my place Peacefield, in commemoration of the peace which I assisted in making, and of the peace I have enjoyed here.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我想将我的地方命名为皮斯菲尔德，以纪念我协助缔造的和平，以及我在这里享受的和平。
Narrator : John's sons, too, seemed to be thriving.
旁白：约翰的儿子们似乎也蒸蒸日上。
Charles had graduated from Harvard and was starting a career as a lawyer.
查尔斯从哈佛大学毕业，开始了律师生涯。
John Quincy, now 29, had been named Minister to the Netherlands and had taken his younger brother Thomas with him as an aide.
现年 29 岁的约翰·昆西 (John Quincy) 被任命为驻荷兰部长，并带着弟弟托马斯 (Thomas) 担任助手。
By September, Adams knew for certain that George Washington would not be running for president again.
到了九月，亚当斯确信乔治·华盛顿不会再次竞选总统。
But he appeared to be indifferent.
但他却显得无动于衷。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : This is part of a pose.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：这是姿势的一部分。
I mean, it's clear that Adams intends fully to be president of the United States; this is a way of controlling his ambitions by sort of soothing himself, getting into the bucolic rhythms.
我的意思是，很明显，亚当斯一心想成为美国总统。这是一种通过安抚自己、融入田园风光来控制野心的方法。
All the while, this little engine of Adams' ambitions is just beating away inside.
一直以来，亚当斯雄心勃勃的这个小引擎都在内心不断地运转。
And it is unquestionably the case that he believes that the presidency is almost his by revolutionary right.
毫无疑问，他相信总统职位几乎是他的革命权利。
Narrator : Adams would be opposed by his former friend, Thomas Jefferson, each now linked to an emerging political party.
旁白：亚当斯会遭到他的前朋友托马斯·杰斐逊的反对，他们现在都与一个新兴政党有联系。
It would be the first partisan election, and newspapers were stridently taking sides.
这将是第一次党派选举，报纸强烈地表明立场。
David McCullough, Historian : The Jeffersonians (or the Republicans, as they became known) believed that the danger was in a chief executive who was too powerful.
历史学家戴维·麦卡洛：杰斐逊派（或后来众所周知的共和党人）认为，危险在于权力过大的首席执行官。
Too much power in one place was a dangerous thing.
一个地方的权力过多是一件危险的事情。
And the Federalists (as they became known) were for a strong national government, a strong executive.
联邦党人（正如他们所知）主张建立一个强大的国家政府，一个强大的行政部门。
Adams felt you had to have a strong executive and could not rest power with the legislature.
亚当斯认为必须有一个强有力的行政部门，不能将权力交给立法机关。
Narrator : Both John and Abigail knew it would be a hard fight.
旁白：约翰和阿比盖尔都知道这将是一场艰苦的战斗。
Mischief was brewing in a cauldron, Abigail wrote, "as venomous as Macbeth's hell broth."
阿比盖尔写道，恶作剧正在大锅中酝酿，“就像麦克白的地狱肉汤一样有毒”。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : They're not thinking, "Oh, you have one opinion, I have another.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：他们不会想，“哦，你有一个观点，我有另一个观点。
We'll fight it out and someone will win." They're thinking, "I'm intending something for the general good.
我们会战斗到底，总会有人获胜。”他们想，“我的目的是为了公众的利益。
And if you disagree with me, then you're out to destroy the general good.
如果你不同意我的观点，那么你就是在破坏公共利益。
Narrator : Reluctantly, Adams returned to Philadelphia in the fall -- alone.
旁白：秋天，亚当斯不情愿地独自回到了费城。
Abigail stayed at the farm.
阿比盖尔留在农场。
Money was tight, and she'd missed her friends and family.
钱很紧张，她想念她的朋友和家人。
Brooding by his fire that December, Adams confronted the possibility that he might lose to Jefferson.
那年十二月，亚当斯在火焰中沉思，他面临着自己可能输给杰斐逊的可能性。
Once, the Founding Fathers had been of one mind.
曾经，开国元勋们的想法是一致的。
Now the divisions were stark, and deeply personal.
现在，分歧非常明显，而且是非常个人化的。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I laugh at myself twenty times a day for the speculations in which I find myself engaged: Vanity suffers.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我每天都会嘲笑自己二十次，因为我发现自己陷入了沉思：虚荣心受到损害。
Cold feelings of unpopularity.
不受欢迎的冰冷感觉。
Humiliation.
屈辱。
I can pronounce Thomas Jefferson to be chosen President with a grace that I don't fear...
我可以毫不畏惧地优雅地宣布托马斯·杰斐逊当选总统……
Narrator : But his letter to Abigail betrayed his feelings of hopelessness.
旁白：但是他给阿比盖尔的信暴露了他的绝望感。
The name of Thomas Jefferson loomed over the page.
托马斯·杰斐逊的名字赫然出现在页面上。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Nobody to speak to, poring upon my disgrace and future prospects -- this is ugly.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：没有人可以说话，只关注我的耻辱和未来的前景——这太丑陋了。
Narrator : Adams eked out a narrow victory, in large part because many saw him as a statesman, above party.
旁白：亚当斯以微弱优势取得了胜利，很大程度上是因为许多人认为他是一位超越政党的政治家。
But he had little to celebrate.
但他没什么值得庆祝的。
As the successor to the great George Washington, Adams faced a daunting task.
作为伟大的乔治·华盛顿的继任者，亚当斯面临着艰巨的任务。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Washington has been present as the center of gravity, from 1775 all the way up to 1796.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：从 1775 年一直到 1796 年，华盛顿一直是重心。
And what happens when Washington goes?
华盛顿走了之后会发生什么？
People are terrified -- that we are being held together by a single person, not by a system of laws, because the laws haven't had a chance to earn and to dig their roots into this country.
人们感到恐惧——我们是由一个人而不是法律体系维系在一起的，因为法律还没有机会在这个国家扎根。
This is still a government of men.
这仍然是一个男人的政府。
And Adams is now the man.
亚当斯现在就是那个人了。
Narrator : In the spring of 1797, John Adams came to inspect the house he would soon occupy: the president's official residence in Philadelphia.
旁白：1797年春天，约翰·亚当斯来视察他即将入住的房子：费城的总统官邸。
George Washington's servants had left a mess.
乔治·华盛顿的仆人留下了一片狼藉。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The furniture is in the most deplorable condition.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：家具状况极其糟糕。
The beds are in a woeful pickle.
床很糟糕。
This house has been a scene of the most scandalous drinking and disorder among the servants that I ever heard of.
这所房子是我所听说过的仆人中最可耻的酗酒和混乱的地方。
Narrator : International affairs were a mess as well.
旁白：国际事务也很混乱。
Napoleon now led the French army in a bitter war with England.
拿破仑现在率领法国军队与英国进行一场激烈的战争。
Both European powers pressed for American support.
两个欧洲大国都向美国施压以寻求支持。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : America's this little fly speck of a nation, and it's smack in the middle of this generational dispute between England and France.
乔安妮·弗里曼（Joanne Freeman），历史学家：美国就像一个国家的小苍蝇，它正处于英法之间的代际争端的中心。
And if America does something friendly towards one of them, the other one's bound to get upset, and vice versa.
如果美国对其中一个国家采取友好行动，另一个国家必然会感到不安，反之亦然。
Narrator : Trying to avoid war, George Washington had signed a treaty with Britain.
旁白：为了避免战争，乔治·华盛顿与英国签署了一项条约。
In retaliation, France had begun to attack American ships.
作为报复，法国开始攻击美国船只。
All America's good will toward its former ally had vanished.
美国对其前盟友的所有善意都消失了。
David McCullough, Historian : The sentiment for war with France, particularly with John Adams' own political party, the Federalists, was overwhelming.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：与法国开战的情绪，特别是与约翰·亚当斯自己的政党联邦党的战争情绪是压倒性的。
But Adams saw quite clearly we couldn't afford a war, we didn't have an army, and furthermore, if we were going to go to war, we were going to war with Napoleon.
但亚当斯很清楚地看到，我们负担不起战争，我们没有军队，而且，如果我们要开战，我们就会与拿破仑开战。
This was no cakewalk.
这可不是小菜一碟。
Narrator : Adams chose to steer his own course, at enormous political risk.
旁白：亚当斯选择走自己的路，冒着巨大的政治风险。
He would go to Thomas Jefferson, now his bitter Republican rival, and ask him to put partisanship aside and work with him as a kind of co-president, in an effort to make peace with France.
他会去找托马斯·杰斐逊（现在是他的共和党竞争对手），要求他把党派之争放在一边，以某种共同总统的身份与他合作，努力与法国实现和平。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : It was his affinity for Jefferson, their friendship, that he thought could override whatever ideological differences they had.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他认为，正是他对杰斐逊的亲和力以及他们的友谊可以超越他们之间的任何意识形态差异。
Narrator : For weeks, Adams waited for Jefferson's decision.
旁白：亚当斯等待杰斐逊的决定已经好几个星期了。
One evening in March, they left a dinner party together.
三月的一个晚上，他们一起离开了一场晚宴。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I would appreciate an answer to my offer...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我希望得到对我的提议的答复......
Narrator : They were only two blocks from the room where Jefferson had drafted the Declaration of Independence at Adams' request.
旁白：他们距离杰斐逊应亚当斯的要求起草《独立宣言》的房间只有两个街区。
This time, Jefferson said no.
这一次，杰斐逊拒绝了。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Jefferson chooses party over friendship, partisanship over Adams' offer of reconciliation.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：杰斐逊选择党派而不是友谊，选择党派之争而不是亚当斯提出的和解。
Why should he join Adams as Adams faces hostile fire?
当亚当斯面临敌方炮火时，他为什么要加入亚当斯？
The fact is, Jefferson wants to have some sort of peace negotiation with France.
事实上，杰斐逊希望与法国进行某种和平谈判。
But Jefferson wants the Federalists to fail, and for the Federalists to fail, Adams has to fail.
但杰斐逊希望联邦党人失败，而要让联邦党人失败，亚当斯就必须失败。
Narrator : With Jefferson's refusal, Adams felt very much alone.
旁白：由于杰斐逊的拒绝，亚当斯感到非常孤独。
He had unwisely retained most of George Washington's cabinet, and they had little loyalty to the new president.
他不明智地保留了乔治华盛顿的大部分内阁成员，而他们对新总统几乎没有忠诚度。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : It never occurs to Adams to try to develop a political constituency or to massage the egos of people in the national government.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：亚当斯从未想过要试图发展政治选区或按摩国家政府中人民的自尊心。
Those political skills, he thinks, are unbecoming a president.
他认为，这些政治技巧与总统格格不入。
The president's job is to divine the public interest and act in its behalf, regardless of the consequences.
总统的工作是预测公众利益并代表公众采取行动，无论后果如何。
Narrator : John's letters to Abigail became more and more urgent.
旁白：约翰给阿比盖尔的信变得越来越紧急。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I must go to you or you must come to me.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我必须去找你，否则你必须来找我。
I cannot live without you till October.
没有你我活不到十月。
Edith Gelles, Historian : He felt lonely like he couldn't have imagined at any other time in his life.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖尔斯（Edith Gelles）：他感到孤独，这是他一生中任何时候都无法想象的。
And he kept writing to her, inviting her to come, telling her he needed her, he needed her.
他不断写信给她，邀请她来，告诉她他需要她，他需要她。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : When he cries out for Abigail to come join him, he is realistically assessing the national situation and the situation of his presidency.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：当他呼吁阿比盖尔加入他的行列时，他正在现实地评估国家局势和他的总统任期的情况。
Both are at risk.
两者都处于危险之中。
Jefferson is gone to the other side.
杰斐逊已经到了另一边。
He's got no confidants.
他没有知己。
Edith Gelles, Historian : She was the one person in this world whom he trusted.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：她是这个世界上他唯一信任的人。
He never knew that he was hearing the truth from other people.
他从来不知道自己从其他人那里听到了真相。
From Abigail, he knew he would hear the truth.
从阿比盖尔那里，他知道他会听到真相。
Narrator : By May, 1797, Abigail was on her way back to Philadelphia.
旁白：1797 年 5 月，阿比盖尔踏上返回费城的路上。
She slipped effortlessly into her old role, gathering information for her husband.
她毫不费力地扮演了原来的角色，为丈夫收集信息。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : Not only does she manage, in chatting with people, to sort of pull in this information which she can then deploy and give to her husband, but she even writes it down.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：她不仅在与人聊天时设法获取这些信息，然后将其部署并提供给她的丈夫，而且她甚至将其写下来。
She's amazing.
她太棒了。
In one case (one great case) with Jefferson, in which they're seated next to each other at dinner, she writes down everything that happens.
在与杰斐逊的一个案例中（一个很好的案例），他们在晚餐时坐在一起，她写下了发生的一切。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : A curious conversation on Thursday of this week between Mrs. A and Mr. Jefferson:
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：本周四，A 夫人和杰斐逊先生之间进行了一次有趣的对话：
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : That gentleman who sits at the left of the president -- I've not seen him before.
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：坐在总统左边的那位先生——我以前没见过他。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Mr. Holmes.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：福尔摩斯先生。
You surely know him.
你肯定认识他。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : And it's clear that what she's doing is, she's trying to get from him information: Who does he like?
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：很明显，她正在做的是，她试图从他那里获取信息：他喜欢谁？
Who does he not like?
他不喜欢谁？
What does he know?
他知道什么？
What does he not know?
他不知道什么？
What kind of a stance is he taking?
他采取什么样的立场？
What does he think's going to happen?
他认为会发生什么？
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I pray sir what do your Senate design to do with the treaty?
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙德）：先生，请问您的参议院打算如何处理该条约？
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : Upon my soul I believe they will reject it.
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：我以我的灵魂发誓，他们会拒绝它。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : I am surprised at that.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我对此感到惊讶。
I know the mercantile interest in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania are in favor of it.
我知道马萨诸塞州、纽约州和宾夕法尼亚州的商业利益都支持它。
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : Well I have the same information from the South.
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：嗯，我从南方得到了同样的信息。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : She's really very effectively and in a very non-confrontational, (sort of) charming manner, and yet in a pretty straightforward manner, trying to push Jefferson up against the wall to get him to say something.
乔安妮·弗里曼（Joanne Freeman），历史学家：她确实非常有效，以一种非常非对抗性的、（有点）迷人的方式，但以一种非常直接的方式，试图将杰斐逊推到墙上，让他说些什么。
Jefferson doesn't.
杰斐逊不这么认为。
Jefferson's good at doing that.
杰斐逊很擅长这样做。
So he hedges around, and then he tries to turn the conversation around to get something out of her.
于是他回避了话题，然后试图扭转话题，从她嘴里套出点什么。
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : I wonder what they mean to do?
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：我想知道他们想做什么？
They have some daring projects afoot...
他们正在进行一些大胆的项目......
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : As I supposed this referred to the coming election, I replied: I do not know.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙德）：我以为这指的是即将到来的选举，所以我回答说：我不知道。
That is a subject which I do not choose to converse upon.
这是我不选择谈论的话题。
At this we laughed out, and here ended the conversation.
说到这里，我们哈哈大笑，谈话就到此结束了。
Narrator : But neither John nor Abigail fully understood what was going on in the shadows, away from the dinner table.
旁白：但是约翰和阿比盖尔都没有完全理解餐桌之外的阴影中发生的事情。
Adams' presidency was under attack from all sides -- even from within his own administration.
亚当斯的总统任期受到来自各方的攻击——甚至来自他自己的政府内部。
Thomas Jefferson, the vice president of the United States, had concealed from Adams the fact that his own cabinet had repeatedly betrayed him, dangerously weakening his presidency.
美国副总统托马斯·杰斐逊向亚当斯隐瞒了自己的内阁多次背叛他的事实，从而危险地削弱了他的总统地位。
And worse.
更糟糕的是。
David McCullough, Historian : Jefferson was paying a professional scandal monger named Callender to attack Adams.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：杰斐逊付钱给一位名叫卡伦德的专业丑闻贩子来攻击亚当斯。
He was providing this man with money.
他正在向这个人提供金钱。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : And when he's asked about it, he says: Of course there's no truth to this.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：当他被问及此事时，他说：当然，这不是事实。
I didn't pay Callender to libel Adams.
我没有付钱给卡伦德来诽谤亚当斯。
Narrator : Furious at Jefferson's repeated denials, Callender eventually sent the evidence to the press.
旁白：卡伦德对杰斐逊的一再否认感到愤怒，最终将证据发送给了媒体。
David McCullough, Historian : It wasn't until later that Adams found out that lo and behold, this man who had been calling him everything imaginable, smearing him, was being paid by Jefferson, secretly.
大卫·麦卡洛（David McCullough），历史学家：直到后来，亚当斯才发现，你瞧，这个一直用一切可以想象到的方式称呼他、诽谤他的人，正在被杰斐逊秘密收买。
And it broke Adams' heart.
这让亚当斯心碎了。
Truly broke his heart.
真是伤透了他的心。
And Abigail never got over it.
阿比盖尔从未克服过这个问题。
And there was a period of almost ten years when they didn't speak to each other.
并且有将近十年的时间，他们没有互相说过话。
Narrator : The summer of 1798 brought week after week of brutal heat-- and one of the darkest moments of the Adams presidency.
旁白：1798 年的夏天，一周又一周酷热难耐，这也是亚当斯总统任期内最黑暗的时刻之一。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : The weather is so hot and close, and the flies so tormenting.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：天气又热又近，苍蝇又折磨人。
Not a leaf stirs till nine or ten o'clock.
直到九点或十点钟，一片树叶都没有动静。
It grows sickly here, the city noisome.
它在这里变得病态，这座城市很吵。
Narrator : The political atmosphere in the city was even more poisonous.
旁白：城里的政治气氛更加恶劣。
John had sent a peace mission to France but urged building up the military as a precaution.
约翰向法国派遣了和平使团，但敦促加强军队以防万一。
He was attacked from all sides.
他受到来自四面八方的攻击。
Many in his own Federalist party wanted a declaration of war and called Adams a traitor.
他所在的联邦党内的许多人希望宣战，并称亚当斯为叛徒。
The Aurora , a Republican paper edited by Benjamin Franklin Bache, Franklin's grandson, mocked Adams as "a toady of the war hawks...
富兰克林的孙子本杰明·富兰克林·巴奇编辑的共和党报纸《极光》嘲笑亚当斯是“战鹰派的阿谀奉承者……”
a man unfit to be trusted."
一个不值得信任的人。”
Edith Gelles, Historian : Abigail became very angry with the press.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：阿比盖尔对媒体感到非常愤怒。
The press are maligning the government, and she thought that was corrupt.
媒体诽谤政府，她认为这是腐败的。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Scarcely a day passes without some scurrility in the paper from that lying wretch Bache.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·伊蒙饰）：几乎每天都会在报纸上看到那个说谎的坏蛋巴奇的脏话。
He is trying to force Mr. A to resign so that Jefferson may take over.
他正试图迫使A先生辞职，以便杰斐逊接任。
Edith Gelles, Historian : She thought that the press would incite riots.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯：她认为媒体会煽动骚乱。
That people would become so motivated by the articles they were reading, that there would be physical attacks on John.
人们会被他们正在阅读的文章所激励，以至于会对约翰进行身体攻击。
Narrator : When Federalists in Congress pushed through legislation to clamp down on the press and anybody else who criticized the government, Abigail supported them.
旁白：当国会的联邦党人推动立法压制媒体和任何批评政府的人时，阿比盖尔支持他们。
The Sedition Act made it illegal to depict the government in any way that might seem "false, scandalous, and malicious," or that would bring the government "into contempt or disrepute."
《煽动叛乱法》规定，以任何可能“虚假、诽谤和恶意”的方式描述政府，或者使政府“受到蔑视或名誉扫地”的行为都是非法的。
Immediately, the Federalists moved to silence dissent and settle old scores.
联邦党人立即采取行动压制异见并算清宿怨。
James Callender, and 16 others, including Benjamin Franklin Bache, the editor of the Aurora , were arrested for "seditious libel;" some were imprisoned.
詹姆斯·卡伦德 (James Callender) 和其他 16 人因“煽动性诽谤”被捕，其中包括《极光》杂志编辑本杰明·富兰克林·巴奇 (Benjamin Franklin Bache)；有些人被监禁。
Instantly they became symbols of free speech under attack; victims of a president willing to stifle the press in the interest of his own political goals.
他们立即成为受到攻击的言论自由的象征；总统为了自己的政治目标而愿意压制新闻界的受害者。
Adams also signed the Alien Acts, aimed in part at French immigrants suspected of collusion with France.
亚当斯还签署了《外国人法》，部分针对涉嫌与法国勾结的法国移民。
The Acts gave him the power to expel any foreign-born residents deemed "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States."
该法案赋予他驱逐任何被视为“对美国和平与安全构成危险”的外国出生居民的权力。
David McCullough, Historian : The Alien and Sedition Acts seem to contradict everything that he stood for.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：《外国人法》和《煽动叛乱法》似乎与他所主张的一切相矛盾。
But it was a very scary time.
但这是一个非常可怕的时刻。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : To Federalists, to Adams, to Abigail, it makes perfect sense.
乔安妮·弗里曼，历史学家：对于联邦党人、亚当斯、阿比盖尔来说，这是完全有道理的。
They think they're doing what they need to do to uphold the government in a time of crisis.
他们认为他们正在做他们需要做的事情来在危机时刻维护政府。
Narrator : But the Alien and Sedition Acts would leave an indelible stain on John Adams' reputation, forever linking him with the suppression of the very liberties he had fought so hard to gain.
旁白：但是《外国人法》和《煽动叛乱法》会给约翰·亚当斯的声誉留下不可磨灭的污点，永远将他与镇压他为之奋斗而获得的自由联系在一起。
The Adamses finally left for the farm in late July for a few weeks' rest.
亚当斯一家终于在七月下旬前往农场休息了几周。
It was not to be.
事实并非如此。
By the time they arrived home, Abigail was seriously ill.
当他们回到家时，阿比盖尔病得很重。
The illness -- probably malaria -- was accompanied by unrelenting depression, deepened by troubles within the family.
这种疾病——可能是疟疾——伴随着持续不断的抑郁，而家庭内部的麻烦又加深了这种抑郁。
Edith Gelles, Historian : Her daughter was married to a man who was a ne'er do well.
历史学家伊迪丝·盖勒斯（Edith Gelles）：她的女儿嫁给了一个不善的男人。
So Abigail was just miserable about her daughter.
所以阿比盖尔只是为她的女儿感到痛苦。
Younger son Charles during this time, who had been an attorney, was married, had two young children, was beset by alcoholism and his health began to decline.
小儿子查尔斯在此期间曾是一名律师，已婚，育有两个年幼的孩子，受到酗酒的困扰，健康状况开始恶化。
Narrator : Abigail was deeply pained by her children's troubles.
旁白：阿比盖尔对孩子们的烦恼深感痛苦。
John was in despair.
约翰陷入绝望之中。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : My daughter and Charles bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我的女儿和查尔斯带着悲伤将我的白发带入坟墓。
The daughter, without a fault.
女儿无罪。
Unfortunate daughter!
不幸的女儿！
Unhappy child!
不开心的孩子！
Narrator : In November, he returned alone to Philadelphia.
旁白：11月，他独自回到费城。
Abigail would stay at the farm.
阿比盖尔会留在农场。
She was "wrecked and exhausted," John said, and he was terrified of her making the trip,
约翰说，她“疲惫不堪”，他很害怕她这次旅行，
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : ...lest it should prove fatal to a life that is dear to me beyond all expression.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：……以免这对我无比珍视的生命来说是致命的。
Narrator : Without his most trusted advisor by his side, Adams guarded himself for a major crisis.
旁白：亚当斯没有最值得信赖的顾问在身边，他只能在一场重大危机中保护自己。
The French had coldly rebuffed his offer of peace, and the pressure to go to war was relentless.
法国人冷酷地拒绝了他的和平提议，而发动战争的压力也是无情的。
On February 18, 1799, John Adams fired a broadside at his critics.
1799 年 2 月 18 日，约翰·亚当斯猛烈抨击了他的批评者。
He dispatched a courier with a message for the Senate announcing he would send a second peace mission to France.
他派了一名信使向参议院传达信息，宣布他将向法国派遣第二个和平使团。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams is essentially and self-consciously committing political suicide.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：亚当斯本质上是在自觉地进行政治自杀。
His own party is opposed to this.
他自己的政党对此表示反对。
And the Republicans under Jefferson are overjoyed to see him in such predicaments.
杰斐逊领导下的共和党人看到他陷入这样的困境，欣喜若狂。
Narrator : The newspapers boiled with venomous attacks.
旁白：报纸上充满了恶毒的攻击。
But Adams rode the wave of abuse undeterred.
但亚当斯并没有被辱骂的浪潮吓倒。
He found encouragement in secret reports from his son John Quincy, now Minister to Prussia, that the French might be ready to negotiate.
他从现任普鲁士部长的儿子约翰·昆西的秘密报告中得到了鼓励，称法国人可能已准备好进行谈判。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : It is clear what drives Adams is an almost otherworldly sense, and at times almost a perverse sense, of what is in the public interest.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：很明显，亚当斯的动力是一种对公共利益的近乎超凡脱俗的感觉，有时甚至是一种反常的感觉。
That's the way the old boy's mind works.
这就是老男孩的思维方式。
Narrator : Had he declared war on France, his popularity would likely have skyrocketed; his election to a second term would have been all but assured.
旁白：如果他对法国宣战，他的支持率可能会飙升；他的连任几乎是板上钉钉的了。
In March, he retreated to the farm and Abigail.
三月份，他和阿比盖尔一起撤退到农场。
The public cry for war grew louder; the president kept quiet.
公众对战争的呼声越来越高。总统保持沉默。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He knows that if he is under the glare of public scrutiny, he's probably going to erupt.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：他知道，如果他受到公众的监督，他可能会爆发。
There's going to be an Adams eruption here.
这里将会发生亚当斯火山喷发。
And so one way to calm him down is to take him back to Quincy.
因此，让他平静下来的一种方法就是带他回昆西。
Narrator : In the fall of 1800, a swampy patch of land on the banks of the Potomac River became the official capital of the United States, and the new home of President John Adams.
旁白：1800 年秋天，波托马克河畔的一片沼泽地成为美国的正式首都，也是约翰·亚当斯总统的新居。
What is now called the White House was still under construction, standing in a rutted field full of rubble.
现在所谓的白宫仍在建设中，矗立在一片满是瓦砾的车辙田里。
The smell of plaster and wet paint was overwhelming.
石膏和未干油漆的气味令人难以忍受。
On his first night in the house, John wrote to Abigail.
约翰在家里的第一个晚上就写信给阿比盖尔。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : I pray heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this house.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我祈求上天赐予这所房子最好的祝福。
May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof.
愿只有诚实和智者才能统治这个屋檐下。
Narrator : But Adams' time in the house would bring much unhappiness and grief.
旁白：但是亚当斯在家里的时间会带来很多不快乐和悲伤。
It was an election year.
那是一个选举年。
Once again, he would run against Thomas Jefferson, president against vice president.
他将再次与托马斯·杰斐逊竞选总统，与副总统竞选。
And once again, scandalmonger James Callender, now out of jail, went to work for Jefferson.
出狱后的丑闻制造者詹姆斯·卡伦德再次为杰斐逊工作。
The vice president approved a draft of "The Prospect Before Us," in which Callender described the "deformities" of John Adams' character.
副总统批准了《我们面前的前景》的草案，其中卡伦德描述了约翰·亚当斯性格的“畸形”。
Adams was one of the most egregious fools upon the continent.
亚当斯是非洲大陆最令人震惊的傻瓜之一。
He was a "gross hypocrite", an "unprincipled oppressor".
他是一个“彻头彻尾的伪君子”，一个“无原则的压迫者”。
Only the election of Jefferson could save the country from catastrophe.
只有杰斐逊的当选才能使国家免遭灾难。
Attacks came from within Adams' own party as well.
攻击也来自亚当斯自己的政党内部。
Alexander Hamilton, the influential former secretary of the treasury, wrote a public letter criticizing Adams just weeks before the election.
颇具影响力的前财政部长亚历山大·汉密尔顿在大选前几周写了一封公开信批评亚当斯。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Hamilton writes this pamphlet, essentially arguing that John Adams is a lunatic, or is mentally deranged.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：汉密尔顿写了这本小册子，本质上认为约翰·亚当斯是个疯子，或者说是精神错乱。
This is also a blow not just to his election, but to his place in the American pantheon.
这不仅是对他的选举的打击，也是对他在美国万神殿中的地位的打击。
I mean, that he's not like these other founding father kind of figures.
我的意思是，他不像其他开国元勋那样的人物。
There's truth in that.
这是事实。
Adams was a more ambitious and argumentative, at times nervous man, who had temper.
亚当斯是一个更雄心勃勃、更爱争论的人，有时还很紧张，脾气暴躁。
Now Washington had a temper too.
现在华盛顿也发脾气了。
It's just that he had it in private.
只是他私下里有过。
Periodically, Adams would jump up on top of the table and throw his wig at one of the members of his Cabinet.
亚当斯会定期跳到桌子上，将假发扔向内阁成员之一。
Narrator : Abigail arrived in November.
旁白：阿比盖尔于十一月抵达。
She ordered the laundry hung to dry in the unfinished East Room, and kept thirteen fires going to fend off the damp.
她命人把洗好的衣服挂在未完工的东房里晾干，并生了十三堆火来防潮。
The election loomed in a few weeks.
几周后选举即将来临。
John had confidential reports that the new talks in France were going well, but he felt he could say nothing until a treaty was signed.
约翰收到的机密报告称，在法国举行的新谈判进展顺利，但他觉得在签署条约之前他什么也不能说。
If official word of peace came in time, his critics would be silenced.
如果官方的和平言论及时到来，他的批评者就会闭嘴。
News from Paris took months to reach America.
来自巴黎的消息花了几个月才传到美国。
A treaty had been signed weeks before, but no one on the other side of the Atlantic knew it.
几周前签署了一项条约，但大西洋彼岸没有人知道这一点。
In the most venomous election in American history, the winner was Thomas Jefferson.
在美国历史上最恶毒的选举中，获胜者是托马斯·杰斐逊。
Voters had gone to the polls unaware that Adams had succeeded in his bold quest for peace.
选民们去投票站时并不知道亚当斯对和平的大胆追求已经取得了成功。
Joanne Freeman, Historian : He was the person who stood up under enormous pressure to go to war, and said no, and it cost him a second term.
乔安妮·弗里曼（Joanne Freeman），历史学家：他是那个在巨大压力下站出来反对战争的人，这让他失去了第二个任期。
Narrator : Before dawn on the morning of March 4th, 1801, John Adams, age sixty-five, waited in the wintry chill of the president's house for the stagecoach that would take him back to Quincy, and out of public life.
旁白：1801 年 3 月 4 日清晨，黎明前，六十五岁的约翰·亚当斯在寒冷的总统府中等待着载他返回昆西的驿马车，从此远离了公共生活。
Servant : Mr. President -- some provisions for your journey.
仆人：总统先生——为您的旅程准备的一些物品。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Oh, thank you.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：哦，谢谢。
I feel my shoulders relieved from a burden.
我感觉肩膀卸下了重担。
The short remainder of my days will be the happiest of my life.
我剩下的短暂日子将是我一生中最幸福的时光。
John Ferling, Historian : He was just mortified at having lost the election.
约翰·费林，历史学家：他只是因为选举失败而感到羞愧。
He saw it as a personal repudiation by the people.
他认为这是人民对他个人的否定。
Narrator : The election had been bitterly contested.
旁白：这次选举竞争非常激烈。
But the nation's first transfer of power between parties was orderly and peaceful.
但该国的第一次政党间权力交接是有序且和平的。
David McCullough, Historian : That's one of the supreme moments in the history of the country, and in many ways in the history of the world, because it's at that stage where the rivals, the enemy (politically) is taking over.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：这是这个国家历史上最重要的时刻之一，从很多方面来说也是世界历史上最重要的时刻之一，因为正是在这个阶段，竞争对手、敌人（政治上）正在接管。
And they do so without a gun being shouldered or shot, or without any strife whatsoever.
他们这样做时没有扛枪或射击，也没有发生任何冲突。
Adams retired, he stepped down from power, turned over the presidency to his opponent.
亚当斯退休后，他下台，将总统职位交给了他的对手。
It's a great triumph.
这是一次伟大的胜利。
It's a great moment.
这是一个伟大的时刻。
Narrator : For Abigail, age 56, retirement from politics had come as a welcome change.
旁白：对于 56 岁的阿比盖尔来说，从政界退休是一个值得欢迎的变化。
Abigail Adams (Linda Emond) : Our desires are moderate, our economy strict, our income, though moderate, will furnish us with all the necessaries and many of the comforts of life.
阿比盖尔·亚当斯（琳达·埃蒙饰）：我们的欲望是温和的，我们的经济严格，我们的收入虽然中等，但足以满足我们生活的所有必需品和许多舒适。
Narrator : Her husband loudly declared good riddance to the world he had left behind.
旁白：她的丈夫大声宣告告别他所留下的世界。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Far removed from all the intrigues, I hope to enjoy more tranquility than has ever before been my lot.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：远离所有的阴谋，我希望能享受到前所未有的宁静。
I call for my chisels, drills, and wedges to split rocks, and for my wagons to cart seaweed for manure.
我召唤我的凿子、钻头和楔子来劈开岩石，并召唤我的马车来运海藻作为肥料。
I mount my horse and ride on the seashore.
我骑上马，驰骋在海边。
Narrator : Yet for all his protests that he reveled in the simple life of a gentleman farmer, the old resentments from his days in politics still rankled.
旁白：尽管他抗议自己陶醉于绅士农民的简朴生活，但他从政时的怨恨仍然令人心痛。
One July day, Abigail came upon John in the field, working alongside the hired hands.
七月的一天，阿比盖尔在田野里遇见了约翰，他正在和雇工一起干活。
She could hear him muttering something.
她听见他嘀咕着什么。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Quack.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔 饰）：嘎嘎。
(further muttering)
（进一步嘀咕）
Narrator : She realized he was murmuring obscenities at his old political opponents.
旁白：她意识到他正在对他的老政治对手低声说脏话。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He's mad.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他疯了。
He feels like his own contribution is being relegated to secondary status, and other people's contribution to the revolution is in ascendance.
他觉得自己的贡献被降到了次要地位，而其他人对革命的贡献却占了上风。
And in some sense he feels like they're putting the statues into the American pantheon, and his is not going to be one of them.
从某种意义上说，他觉得他们正在将这些雕像放入美国万神殿，而他的雕像不会成为其中之一。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Statues, and monuments will never be erected to me, nor flattering orations spoken, to transmit me to posterity in brilliant colors.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：永远不会为我竖立雕像和纪念碑，也不会发表谄媚的演说，以绚丽的色彩将我传给后代。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : And as he sees other people, especially Jefferson, being elevated at his expense, he is just ripping.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：当他看到其他人，尤其是杰斐逊，以牺牲他的利益为代价而获得提升时，他简直是撕心裂肺。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : How is it that I, poor ignorant I, must stand before Posterity as differing from all the other great men of the age?
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我，可怜的无知者，为什么必须以不同于那个时代所有其他伟人的身份站在后人面前？
Narrator : He railed against the grand estates the Virginians had -- Washington at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson at Monticello.
旁白：他抱怨弗吉尼亚人拥有的宏伟庄园——华盛顿在弗农山，杰斐逊在蒙蒂塞洛。
And then he'd turn it into a joke about his own comfortable but humble farm.
然后他会把它变成一个关于他自己舒适但简陋的农场的笑话。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : You may call me the monarch of Stoney Field, Count of Gull Island, Baron of Rocky Run..
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：你可以称我为斯托尼菲尔德的君主、海鸥岛伯爵、洛基朗男爵……
Narrator : Finally he settled on "Montezillo" as his favorite.
旁白：最后他选择了“Montezillo”作为他的最爱。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Montezillo is a little hill...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：蒙特泽洛是一座小山……
Monticello is a lofty mountain.
蒙蒂塞洛是一座高山。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He's recognizing that the 4th of July celebration makes Jefferson the star of the drama.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯（Joseph Ellis）：他认识到 7 月 4 日的庆祝活动使杰斐逊成为戏剧的明星。
And it's like: Wait.
就像：等等。
This was just one little moment, and all he did was draft this thing.
这只是一小会儿，他所做的只是起草这个东西。
And it's being made into some kind of central moment in the revolution, whereas, Adams knows he, Adams, is the major figure in the Continental Congress, not Jefferson.
它正在成为革命中的某种核心时刻，而亚当斯知道他，亚当斯，是大陆会议的主要人物，而不是杰斐逊。
But it's not being remembered that way.
但人们并没有以这种方式记住它。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : For five or six years, I think he's on the verge of a nervous breakdown.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：五六年来，我认为他处于精神崩溃的边缘。
He's so obsessed with the way history treated him and the way it's likely to treat him.
他如此痴迷于历史如何对待他以及历史可能如何对待他。
He writes this endless series of columns in the Massachusetts newspaper.
他在马萨诸塞州报纸上撰写了这一系列无穷无尽的专栏。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Mr. Hamilton maintains, with so much fanaticism and so much folly, but a point of honor...it appeared to me so mean, servile and timorous...in a strain of flimsy rant, as silly as it is indecent...his total ignorance or oblivion of the practice of our own government...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：汉密尔顿先生坚持认为，他带着如此多的狂热和如此多的愚蠢，但却是一种荣誉……在我看来，它是那么卑鄙、奴性和胆怯……用一种脆弱的咆哮，既愚蠢又不雅……他对我们自己政府的做法完全无知或遗忘……
Joseph Ellis, Historian : And eventually he has purged himself.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：最终他净化了自己。
This is a kind of therapeutic exercise for him, and there is no more to be said.
这对他来说是一种治疗性的练习，没什么好说的。
Narrator : In 1812, encouraged by an old friend, John Adams took a step he never could have imagined a few years earlier.
旁白：1812 年，在一位老朋友的鼓励下，约翰·亚当斯迈出了几年前他从未想象过的一步。
He wrote a brief but cordial note to Thomas Jefferson.
他给托马斯·杰斐逊写了一封简短而亲切的便条。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : You and I ought not to die, before we have explained ourselves to each other.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：在我们向对方解释清楚之前，你和我不应该死。
David McCullough, Historian : And Jefferson immediately wrote back, and then commenced, one of the great correspondences in our country's history or in the English language.
历史学家戴维·麦卡洛：杰斐逊立即回信，然后开始进行我国历史上或英语中最伟大的通信之一。
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : A letter from you carries me back to the times when beset with dangers, we were fellow laborers in the same cause, struggling for what is most valuable to man...
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯饰）：你的一封信让我回想起那个充满危险的时代，我们是为了同一个事业而奋斗的同胞，为人类最有价值的东西而奋斗……
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The Union is still to me an object of as much anxiety as ever independence was...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：对我来说，联邦仍然是一个像独立一样令人焦虑的对象......
I think a free government is ...
我认为自由政府是...
a complicated piece of machinery...
一台复杂的机械...
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : As for France and England for all their pre-eminence in science, the one is a den of robbers, the other of pirates...
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯饰）：至于法国和英国，尽管它们在科学领域十分卓越，但一个是强盗的巢穴，另一个是海盗的巢穴……
And if science produces no better fruits than tyranny, murder and destitution...
如果科学不能产生比暴政、谋杀和贫困更好的成果……
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Checks and balances, Jefferson, however you and your party may have ridiculed them, are our only security for the progress of mind as well as the security of body...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：制衡，杰斐逊，无论你和你的政党如何嘲笑他们，都是我们思想进步和身体安全的唯一保障……
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : Another of our friends of '76 is gone, my dear sir.
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：我们 76 年的另一位朋友去世了，亲爱的先生。
We too must go and that ere long ...
我们也必须走了，不久之后......
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : If, one hundred years hence, your letters and mine should see the light, I hope the reader will read it all ...
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：如果一百年后，你和我的信能看到曙光，我希望读者能读完这一切……
Narrator : After several years of correspondence, Jefferson finally addressed the issue that had driven them apart -- the revolution in France.
旁白：经过几年的通信，杰斐逊终于谈到了导致他们分开的问题——法国革命。
Thomas Jefferson (James Barbour) : Your prophecies proved truer than mine; and yet fell short of the fact, for instead of a million, the destruction of eight or ten millions of human beings has probably been the effect of these convulsions.
托马斯·杰斐逊（詹姆斯·巴伯）：事实证明你的预言比我的更真实；但它没有达到事实，因为这些动乱的后果可能不是一百万人，而是八百万或一千万人的毁灭。
I did not, in '89, believe they would have lasted so long, nor have cost so much blood.
在 89 年，我不相信它们会持续这么久，也不相信它们会流这么多血。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : This is an apology.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：这是一份道歉。
This is 20 years later, saying: I really am sorry.
这是20年后的事了，说一句：真的很抱歉。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : Dear Sir: I know not what to say of your letter of the 11th but that it is the one of the most consoling I have ever received.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：亲爱的先生：我不知道该如何评价您 11 日的来信，但这是我收到过的最令人安慰的信之一。
Narrator : In 1818, Abigail fell ill with typhoid fever.
旁白：1818年，阿比盖尔患伤寒。
A despondent John Adams wrote to Jefferson.
沮丧的约翰·亚当斯写信给杰斐逊。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : The dear partner of my life for fifty-four years as a wife, and for many years more as a lover, now lies in extremis, forbidden to speak or be spoken to.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：我一生中亲爱的伴侣，作为妻子五十四年，作为情人多年，现在却处于绝境，被禁止说话或与人交谈。
Narrator : John and Abigail had already lost two of their children.
旁白：约翰和阿比盖尔已经失去了两个孩子。
Charles had finally succumbed to alcoholism.
查尔斯最终屈服于酗酒。
Daughter Nabby had died of breast cancer.
女儿纳比死于乳腺癌。
Abigail would not live to see her adored son John Quincy become president of the United States.
阿比盖尔无法活着看到她深爱的儿子约翰·昆西成为美国总统。
She died on October 28th, 1818, just shy of her 74th birthday.
她于 1818 年 10 月 28 日去世，当时正值她 74 岁生日。
David McCullough, Historian : And when she died, he said something so touching.
大卫·麦卡洛，历史学家：当她去世时，他说了一些非常感人的话。
He said, "This is easier for me than when we separated and I would go off to Europe, because I know I'm going to see her sooner than when I sailed on those voyages."
他说：“这对我来说比我们分开时要容易得多，我要去欧洲，因为我知道我会比我航行时更快地见到她。”
Narrator : Among the many condolence notes was one from Thomas Jefferson, himself now gravely ill.
旁白：在众多吊唁信中，有一封来自托马斯·杰斐逊，他本人现已病重。
God bless you and support you under your heavy affliction, he wrote.
他写道，愿上帝保佑你，在你的重重苦难中支持你。
John Adams (Simon Russell Beale) : While you live, I seem to have a bank at Monticello on which I can draw for a letter of friendship when I please.
约翰·亚当斯（西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔饰）：在你活着的时候，我似乎在蒙蒂塞洛有一家银行，只要我愿意，我就可以用它提取一封友谊信。
Narrator : The 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence dawned warm and dry up and down the Eastern seaboard.
旁白：《独立宣言》发表 50 周年之际，东海岸温暖干燥。
What happened that day seemed more like poetry than history.
那天发生的事情看起来更像是一首诗，而不是历史。
David McCullough, Historian : It was far beyond anything anyone could conceive of.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：这远远超出了任何人的想象。
And people at that time, very understandably, took it to mean that the hand of God was truly involved with the destinies of the United States of America.
当时的人们非常理解地认为这意味着上帝之手真正参与了美利坚合众国的命运。
Narrator : At Monticello that morning, Thomas Jefferson, age eighty-three, willed himself to stay alive.
旁白：那天早上，八十三岁的托马斯·杰斐逊在蒙蒂塞洛决心要活下去。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : He's murmuring things that nobody can understand, and then his slave, Burwell, understands that he means: shift my pillow.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：他低声说着没人能理解的话，然后他的奴隶伯韦尔明白了他的意思：移动我的枕头。
And then he mutters, "Is it the fourth?"-- meaning: Is it the fourth of July?
然后他嘀咕道：“今天是四号吗？”——意思是：今天是七月四号吗？
Jefferson wants to die on schedule.
杰斐逊希望如期死去。
Narrator : Thomas Jefferson died at about one in the afternoon while, in the valley below, church bells rang in celebration of Independence Day.
旁白：托马斯·杰斐逊于下午一点左右去世，当时，在下面的山谷里，教堂的钟声响起，庆祝独立日。
At Quincy, the roar of cannon had begun early that morning.
那天清晨，昆西就开始响起炮声。
Joseph Ellis, Historian : Adams has gotten up fit as a fiddle, no long, lingering illnesses.
约瑟夫·埃利斯，历史学家：亚当斯已经恢复健康，没有长期的、挥之不去的疾病。
But he starts to fail just about the time that Jefferson dies.
但就在杰斐逊去世时，他开始失败。
Narrator : In the afternoon, a brief thunderstorm rolled in across the neighboring marshes.
旁白：下午，一场短暂的雷暴席卷了邻近的沼泽地。
Adams was having difficulty breathing.
亚当斯呼吸困难。
But even at 91, his mind was clear.
但即使已经91岁了，他的头脑仍然清晰。
"It is a great day," he said.
“这是美好的一天，”他说。
"It is a good day."
“今天是个好日子。”
Joseph Ellis, Historian : They take him downstairs, and he dies about 4:30 in the afternoon.
历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯：他们把他带下楼，下午 4:30 左右他去世了。
And his last words are, "Thomas Jefferson still lives," which in fact was not correct.
他的遗言是“托马斯·杰斐逊还活着”，这实际上是不正确的。
But it's poignant.
但这是令人心酸的。
His last thoughts were of Jefferson.
他最后想到的是杰斐逊。
He was a good friend.
他是一个好朋友。
David McCullough, Historian : When he was lying there dying, thinking of Jefferson, the cannon and rifle fire and firecrackers were all booming in the distance, celebrating the Declaration of Independence.
历史学家大卫·麦卡洛：当他躺在那儿垂死时，想着杰斐逊，远处大炮、步枪的射击声和鞭炮声都在轰鸣，庆祝《独立宣言》。
Now, if you -- If you did that in a movie, somebody would say, "Oh, that's too much.
现在，如果你——如果你在电影中这样做，有人会说，“哦，这太过分了。
You know.
你知道。
Things like that don't happen in real life." It did happen in real life, again and again, through that whole amazing life.
这样的事情在现实生活中不会发生。”在现实生活中，它确实一次又一次地发生过，贯穿了整个奇妙的生活。
A friend once said to me, she said, "Real love isn't just gazing into each other's eyes.
一位朋友曾经对我说，“真正的爱不仅仅是凝视对方的眼睛。
It's looking out together in the same direction." And if ever there was a man and woman who were truly in love and truly looking out in the same direction, it was John and Abigail Adams.
它一起朝同一个方向看去。”如果有一个男人和女人真正相爱并且真正朝同一个方向看去，那就是约翰和阿比盖尔·亚当斯。
A descendant of John Ball, the medieval English preacher who led the first popular rebellion in England, George Washington led his own fight for independence in America.
乔治·华盛顿是中世纪英国传教士约翰·鲍尔的后裔，他领导了英国第一次民众叛乱，他领导了自己在美国争取独立的斗争。
A timeline of events in the Adams family from John's birth in 1735, to his death in 1826.
亚当斯家族从 1735 年约翰出生到 1826 年去世的事件时间表。
John Adams called the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 "war measures," but to opponents, they were unconstitutional and indefensible.
约翰·亚当斯 (John Adams) 将 1798 年的《外国人法》和《煽动叛乱法》称为“战争措施”，但对反对者来说，这些措施违宪且站不住脚。
The capture of the Bastille ignited one of the greatest social upheavals in Western history, the French Revolution.
攻占巴士底狱引发了西方历史上最伟大的社会动乱之一——法国大革命。
From the moment John Adams entered the presidency in 1797, the United States was in a state of undeclared war with France.
自1797年约翰·亚当斯就任总统以来，美国与法国就处于不宣而战的状态。
In 1788, when John Adams returned from Europe to a hero's welcome, he came home to limitless possibilities.
1788 年，当约翰·亚当斯 (John Adams) 从欧洲归来时，受到了英雄式的欢迎，他回家时面临着无限的可能性。
Between 1778 and 1788, John Adams served his country as a diplomat in France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain.
1778 年至 1788 年间，约翰·亚当斯在法国、荷兰和英国担任外交官，为国家服务。
The First Continental Congress formed in response to the British Parliament's passage of the Intolerable Acts.
第一届大陆会议是为了响应英国议会通过的“不可容忍法案”而成立的。
On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress voted unanimously to declare independence from Great Britain.
1776年7月2日，第二次大陆会议一致投票宣布脱离英国独立。
Of all the words that spilled from Abigail Adams' pen, none are more famous than those of March 31, 1776.
在阿比盖尔·亚当斯笔下的所有话语中，没有一句比 1776 年 3 月 31 日的话语更出名。
In January 1776, Thomas Paine sounded the call for revolution with his pamphlet Common Sense .
1776年1月，托马斯·潘恩通过他的小册子《常识》发出了革命的号召。
This bloody event galvanized the colonists, helping to swing popular sentiment toward revolution.
这一血腥事件激励了殖民者，帮助民众转向革命。