The Abolitionists
Narrator: As the daughter of one of South Carolina's first families, Angelina Grimké lived in almost unimaginable luxury.
旁白：作为南卡罗来纳州第一家庭的女儿，安吉丽娜·格里姆凯过着几乎难以想象的奢华生活。
In the 1820s, Charleston's aristocracy was one of the wealthiest societies on earth.
1820 年代，查尔斯顿的贵族社会是地球上最富有的社会之一。
But Angelina found it almost unbearable -- an empire of sin.
但安吉丽娜发现它几乎无法忍受——一个罪恶的帝国。
Carol Berkin, Historian: The story goes that each of them in the family had their own personal slave behind them when they ate dinner.
卡罗尔·伯金（Carol Berkin），历史学家：据说，家里每个人吃饭时都有自己的私人奴隶在身后。
And if the salt and pepper were next to the person sitting next to you, you didn't ask them to pass it.
如果盐和胡椒在坐在你旁边的人旁边，你就不会要求他们递过去。
Your slave got it from his slave and gave it to you.
你的奴隶从他的奴隶那里得到了它并把它给了你。
There was nothing that you had to do that there wasn't a slave who took care of it for you.
没有什么是你必须做的，因为没有奴隶为你照顾。
Mrs. Grimké (Crystal Cupp): I've told you before, dear -- that's Henry's business.
格里姆克夫人（克里斯托·库普）：我以前就告诉过你了，亲爱的——那是亨利的事。
Carol Berkin, Historian: Angelina attacked slavery not in the beginning because she cared about the slaves.
卡罗尔·伯金，历史学家：安吉丽娜并不是一开始就攻击奴隶制，因为她关心奴隶。
Carol Berkin, Historian: She was really concerned about the fate of their white masters.
卡罗尔·伯金，历史学家：她真的很担心他们白人主人的命运。
Carol Berkin, Historian: She believed slavery was a sin and that God would punish people who had slaves.
卡罗尔·伯金，历史学家：她认为奴隶制是一种罪恶，上帝会惩罚拥有奴隶的人。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): Mother, it is my duty to bear testimony against ...
安吉丽娜·格里姆凯（Jeanine Serralles）：母亲，我有责任作证反对......
Mrs. Grimké (Crystal Cupp): Angelina, mind your own business.
格里姆克夫人（水晶杯）：安吉丽娜，管好你自己的事吧。
Can you do that?
你能做到吗？
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): It is my business!
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles）：这是我的事！
And it's your business too!
这也是你的事！
How can you stand in church every week...
你怎么能每周都站在教堂...
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): I can't let it be!
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles）：我不能让它这样！
Have you no Christian feelings?
你没有基督徒的感情吗？
Mrs. Grimké (Crystal Cupp): Yes, Angelina, I have Christian feelings, and you are putting them to the test right now.
格里姆克夫人（水晶杯）：是的，安吉丽娜，我有基督徒的感情，而你现在正在考验它们。
My soul will be judged by the Lord, and not by you or anyone else.
我的灵魂将受到主的审判，而不是你或其他任何人的审判。
Mrs. Grimké (Crystal Cupp): It is not your duty, Angelina!
格里姆克夫人（水晶杯）：这不是你的职责，安吉丽娜！
I am glad -- I suppose -- that you are so diligent about your faith.
我想我很高兴你对你的信仰如此勤奋。
But leave my soul to me, and Henry's to Henry.
但把我的灵魂留给我，把亨利的灵魂留给亨利。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): Mother?
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles）：母亲？
Mother.
母亲。
Mother, listen to me!
妈妈，听我说！
Mother!
母亲！
Julie Roy Jeffrey, Historian: Angelina's religious search was tortured, tortured, tortured.
朱莉·罗伊·杰弗里，历史学家：安吉丽娜的宗教探索受到了折磨、折磨、折磨。
She was more or less on her own as she struggled with very deep and troubling issues about herself and her relationship to God.
当她在与自己以及她与上帝的关系有关的深刻而令人不安的问题上挣扎时，她或多或少是靠她自己。
Narrator: In the fall of 1829, Grimké resolved to leave Charleston and the pollutions of slavery, for an uncertain future in the North.
旁白：1829 年秋天，格里姆凯决定离开查尔斯顿和奴隶制的污染，前往北方不确定的未来。
Lois Brown, Historian: There's a kind of fearlessness about Angelina Grimké.
洛伊丝·布朗，历史学家：安吉丽娜·格里姆凯有一种无所畏惧的精神。
Women did not strike out, white women did not strike out on their own in this way, and Southern white women certainly did not.
女性并没有罢工，白人女性也没有以这种方式自己罢工，南方白人女性当然也没有。
This is disobedience to proper society, to the South, to the church.
这是对正常社会、南方、教会的不服从。
Narrator: Frederick Douglass was alone in a terrifying new world.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯独自一人生活在一个可怕的新世界中。
A few weeks earlier, the six-year-old had been delivered to his master's home on Maryland's eastern shore, to begin his life as a slave.
几周前，这个六岁的孩子被送到马里兰州东海岸的主人家，开始了他的奴隶生活。
His first experience of slavery would haunt him to his grave.
他第一次被奴役的经历一直困扰着他直到坟墓。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Aunt Hester went out one night, and happened to be absent when the master desired her presence.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：一天晚上，海丝特姨妈出去了，当主人希望她出现时，她恰好不在。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): No words, no tears, no prayers, seemed to move his iron heart.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：没有言语，没有眼泪，没有祈祷，似乎能感动他铁石心肠。
The louder she screamed, the harder he whipped -- and where the blood ran fastest, there he whipped longest.
她尖叫得越大声，他就越用力地鞭打——血流得最快的地方，他鞭打的时间最长。
He would whip to make her scream, and whip to make her hush.
他会用鞭子让她尖叫，又用鞭子让她安静。
I dared not venture out till long after it was over.
直到结束很久之后我才不敢出去。
It was the bloodstained gate, the entrance to the hell of slavery.
那是血迹之门，奴隶地狱的入口。
Narrator: Frederick Douglass and Angelina Grimké lived at opposite poles of one of the largest slave societies in history.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯和安吉丽娜·格里姆凯生活在历史上最大的奴隶社会之一的对立面。
In the late 1820s there were two million men, women, and children living in bondage in the United States.
1820 年代末，美国有 200 万男女和儿童生活在奴役之中。
In the 50 years since the Revolution, every Northern state had outlawed slavery.
独立战争以来的 50 年里，北方各州都宣布奴隶制为非法。
It had once seemed likely that it would disappear in the South as well, but no more.
曾经看起来它也可能会在南方消失，但现在不会了。
The invention of the cotton gin had led to a massive increase in cotton production, making slavery indispensable to both the South and the North.
轧棉机的发明导致棉花产量大幅增加，使得奴隶制对于南方和北方都不可或缺。
Manisha Sinha, Historian: It's actually quite astounding how deeply entrenched it was in the nation's political and economic life.
马尼沙·辛哈（Manisha Sinha），历史学家：事实上，它在国家政治和经济生活中的根深蒂固程度令人震惊。
What is seen as this sort of idiosyncratic, peculiar Southern institution actually had an enormous economic significance in the national economy of the United States.
这种被视为独特、奇特的南方机构实际上对美国国民经济具有巨大的经济意义。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: Slaves were the single largest financial asset in the entire American economy, worth more than all manufacturing, all railroad, steamship lines, and other transportation systems, put together.
布莱特，历史学家：奴隶是整个美国经济中最大的单一金融资产，其价值超过所有制造业、所有铁路、轮船线和其他运输系统的总和。
The only thing in the American economy worth more as simply a financial asset was the land itself, and no one really quite knows how to value North America.
美国经济中唯一作为金融资产更有价值的东西就是土地本身，而且没有人真正知道如何评估北美。
Narrator: The only voices advocating the abolition of slavery were black.
旁白：唯一主张废除奴隶制的声音是黑人。
Their frustration was growing, and some of them were becoming more militant, but no one in power was listening.
他们的挫败感与日俱增，其中一些人变得更加激进，但没有一个当权者在倾听。
As of yet, no white Americans could imagine turning millions of dollars worth of slaves into millions of black compatriots.
到目前为止，没有一个美国白人能够想象将价值数百万美元的奴隶变成数百万黑人同胞。
But scattered around the country, a few lonely souls were convinced that slavery was a crime against God and man.
但分散在全国各地的一些孤独的灵魂相信奴隶制是对上帝和人类的犯罪。
And in Boston, one of them was coming to understand that God intended he do something about it.
在波士顿，他们中的一个人开始明白上帝有意他为此做点什么。
William Lloyd Garrison felt that he was destined to do great things, but he had no idea how to get there.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森觉得他注定要做伟大的事情，但他不知道如何实现这一目标。
In 1828 he was 22 years old, newly arrived in the city from his hometown of Newburyport.
1828 年，22 岁的他刚从家乡纽伯里波特来到这座城市。
Garrison's father, a seaman and a drunk, had abandoned the family when Garrison was two years old.
加里森的父亲是一名水手，也是个酒鬼，在加里森两岁时就抛弃了家庭。
Plunged into poverty, Garrison's mother left her children for years on end as she looked for work.
加里森的母亲陷入贫困，为了寻找工作，她连续多年离开了孩子。
But in their time together, she managed to drum a fierce Christian conscience into her son.
但在他们在一起的时间里，她成功地向儿子灌输了强烈的基督教良知。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: William Lloyd Garrison's religious background was not just a background, it was at the core of who he was.
詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特，历史学家：威廉·劳埃德·加里森的宗教背景不仅仅是一个背景，它是他的核心。
It was an indwelling spirit inside of him that constantly thought about making God's will come into being on this earth.
这是他内心深处的一种精神，不断地思考着如何让上帝的旨意在这个地球上实现。
Narrator: Shortly after arriving in Boston, Garrison happened to meet an itinerant publisher who was raising money for his one-man anti-slavery newspaper.
旁白：到达波士顿后不久，加里森碰巧遇到了一位巡回出版商，他正在为他的反奴隶制报纸筹集资金。
Garrison was horrified by descriptions of the slave pens where men, women, and children were held, awaiting shipment further South, and he began to think that ending slavery was the cause that could give meaning to his life.
加里森对关押男人、女人和儿童等待运往更南方的奴隶围栏的描述感到震惊，他开始认为结束奴隶制是可以赋予他生命意义的事业。
In the summer of 1829, Garrison moved to Baltimore, to take a job at the publisher's newspaper.
1829 年夏天，加里森搬到巴尔的摩，在一家报纸出版商找到一份工作。
He brought new life to the struggling operation, which had long been urging slaveholders to free their slaves so that they could be shipped back to Africa, leaving the United States a single-race country.
他为这个苦苦挣扎的组织带来了新的活力，该组织长期以来一直敦促奴隶主释放他们的奴隶，以便将他们运回非洲，使美国成为一个单一种族的国家。
But as Garrison came into contact with Baltimore's large free black population, he began to embrace a far more radical vision of America's future.
但当加里森接触到巴尔的摩大量的自由黑人后，他开始对美国的未来抱有更为激进的愿景。
Choir (Actors): ...
合唱团（演员）：...
to mansions in the skies, / I bid farewell to every fear, / And wipe my weeping eyes.
天空中的豪宅，/我告别了一切恐惧，/擦干了我哭泣的眼睛。
/ Should earth against my soul engage ...
/ 如果地球与我的灵魂交战......
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Garrison went to Baltimore and there boarded with free blacks.
詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特（James Brewer Stewart），历史学家：加里森前往巴尔的摩，在那里登上了自由黑人。
Had to share the table with them, had to break bread with them, had to sleep in the same quarters with them.
不得不和他们同桌，不得不和他们一起吃面包，不得不和他们睡在同一个地方。
And suddenly he had an idea that he had a much expanded mission that did not simply speak to the question of slavery but spoke to the question of race.
突然，他想到自己的使命要扩大得多，不仅涉及奴隶制问题，还涉及种族问题。
Choir (Actors): ...
合唱团（演员）：...
and face a frowning world.
并面对一个令人皱眉的世界。
/ Let cares, like a wild deluge come ...
/ 让忧虑像狂野的洪水一样涌来......
Narrator: Garrison lost interest in gradual emancipation.
旁白：加里森对逐步解放失去了兴趣。
He wanted immediate abolition -- the complete eradication of the institution, everywhere and forever.
他希望立即废除——在所有地方、永远彻底根除该制度。
He even envisioned a future in which black Americans could share in their country's promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
他甚至设想了一个未来，美国黑人可以分享他们国家对生命、自由和追求幸福的承诺。
Garrison was making powerful enemies.
加里森正在树敌。
Within months, he was thrown in prison for vilifying a slave trader.
几个月后，他因诽谤奴隶贩子而被投入监狱。
A New York sympathizer bailed him out in the spring of 1830.
1830 年春天，一名纽约同情者保释了他。
He had no job to return to.
他没有工作可以回去。
Neither did he have a home, or a family.
他既没有家，也没有家人。
He had few friends or allies.
他几乎没有朋友或盟友。
He did, however, have a plan -- a newspaper of his own, to promote immediate abolition.
然而，他确实有一个计划——他自己的一份报纸，以促进立即废除死刑。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): I am willing to be persecuted, imprisoned, and bound for advocating African rights, and I should deserve to be a slave myself, if I shrunk from that duty or danger.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫，音频）：我愿意因为倡导非洲权利而受到迫害、监禁和束缚，如果我逃避这种责任或危险，我自己也应该成为一名奴隶。
Narrator: By the fall of 1830, William Lloyd Garrison was back in Boston, doggedly pursuing his dream of an abolitionist newspaper.
旁白：1830 年秋天，威廉·劳埃德·加里森回到波士顿，顽强地追求他的废奴报纸梦想。
He scrounged around for printing supplies and convinced a colleague to loan him a few reams of paper.
他四处寻找打印用品，并说服一位同事借给他几令纸张。
He traveled around the Northeast, gathering a handful of allies among white reformers, but not enough to support his venture.
他走遍了东北部，在白人改革者中聚集了一些盟友，但不足以支持他的冒险。
Julie Roy Jeffrey, Historian: Garrison meets with a group of black abolitionists and he receives very positive support.
朱莉·罗伊·杰弗里，历史学家：加里森会见了一群黑人废奴主义者，他得到了非常积极的支持。
In that first year, the financial help of black Bostonians was absolutely critical.
在第一年，波士顿黑人的经济帮助绝对至关重要。
He had many more black supporters than white supporters.
他的黑人支持者比白人支持者多得多。
Lois Brown, Historian: He uses his time in African American communities and churches, in meetings, to think very deliberately about how to organize his own abolitionist campaign.
洛伊丝·布朗，历史学家：他利用在非裔美国人社区和教堂的会议时间，认真思考如何组织自己的废奴运动。
There is a true partnership that can go forward.
真正的伙伴关系可以向前发展。
There is a kind of work that Garrison can do, precisely because he is a white man in America in the 1830s.
加里森有一种工作可以做，正是因为他是 1830 年代美国的白人。
Narrator: On January 1st, 1831, Garrison's long-awaited day arrived.
旁白：1831 年 1 月 1 日，加里森期待已久的一天到来了。
On the first page of the first issue of his newspaper, Garrison declared, "There shall be no neutrals; men shall either like or dislike me."
加里森在他的报纸第一期的第一版上宣称：“不应该有中立者；人们要么喜欢我，要么不喜欢我。”
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): Let Southern oppressors tremble, let their Northern apologists tremble -- let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）：让南方的压迫者颤抖，让他们的北方辩护者颤抖——让所有受迫害黑人的敌人颤抖。
On the subject of slavery, I do not wish to write with moderation.
关于奴隶制这个话题，我不想写得有节制。
I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- and I WILL BE HEARD.
我是认真的——我不会含糊其辞——我不会借口——我不会退缩一寸——我会被听到。
Narrator: For eight months, Garrison toiled away in almost complete obscurity.
旁白：八个月来，加里森几乎默默无闻地辛苦工作。
Then, an explosion of violence halfway across the country suddenly propelled him to national prominence.
然后，全国各地爆发的暴力事件突然使他声名鹊起。
On a hot August night in 1831, a band of armed slaves rode through the Virginia countryside, killing the white occupants of one farmhouse after another.
1831 年八月一个炎热的夜晚，一群武装奴隶骑马穿过弗吉尼亚乡村，杀害了一座又一座农舍的白人。
Nat Turner, the man who led the rebellion, would elude a massive search party for 68 days before he, too, was caught and executed.
领导叛乱的纳特·特纳 (Nat Turner) 在 68 天的时间里躲避大规模搜查队，随后也被抓获并处决。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Nat Turner's rebellion is a tremendous point of departure.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：纳特·特纳的叛乱是一个巨大的出发点。
The sudden explosion of black anger, black wrath, is so jarring that the ramifications of the rebellion go far beyond Virginia.
黑人愤怒、黑人愤怒的突然爆发是如此令人震惊，以至于叛乱的影响远远超出了弗吉尼亚州。
W.
W.
Caleb McDaniel, Historian: There's no evidence that Garrison's Liberator had any influence on Nat Turner.
历史学家凯莱布·麦克丹尼尔：没有证据表明加里森的解放者对纳特·特纳有任何影响。
But very quickly in the Southern press, Garrison's name started to be associated with Nat Turner's revolt.
但很快，在南方媒体中，加里森的名字开始与纳特·特纳的叛乱联系在一起。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: The South Carolina legislature put a bounty on Garrison's head: $15,000 if you deliver his body, I think more if you delivered the whole man alive.
詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特（James Brewer Stewart），历史学家：南卡罗来纳州立法机关对加里森的人头悬赏：如果你交出他的尸体，我会悬赏 15,000 美元，如果你把整个人活着交出来，我认为更多。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): The Liberator is causing extraordinary agitation among whites in the slave states.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫，音频）：解放者正在蓄奴州的白人中引起极大的骚动。
I am constantly receiving anonymous letters filled with abominable and bloody sentiments.
我不断收到充满仇恨和血腥情绪的匿名信。
These trouble me less than the wind.
这些比风更让我烦恼。
I was never so happy and confident as I am at the present time.
我从来没有像现在这样快乐和自信。
Narrator: Over the next two years, Garrison gradually won adherents to the anti-slavery cause.
旁白：在接下来的两年里，加里森逐渐赢得了反奴隶制事业的支持者。
Almost 50 abolitionist groups formed in 10 states.
10 个州成立了近 50 个废奴主义团体。
Their influence extended from urban centers like Philadelphia and New York to remote settlements like Cincinnati, a boomtown on the Western Frontier.
他们的影响力从费城和纽约等城市中心延伸到西部边境的新兴城市辛辛那提等偏远定居点。
There, Lyman Beecher, one of the country's most famous preachers, had recently moved his family.
该国最著名的传教士之一莱曼·比彻 (Lyman Beecher) 最近举家搬到了那里。
Beecher opposed slavery in principle, but distrusted activists who "recklessly" advocated immediate abolition.
比彻原则上反对奴隶制，但不信任那些“鲁莽地”主张立即废除奴隶制的活动家。
His 22-year-old daughter, Harriet, had inherited his views.
他22岁的女儿哈丽特继承了他的观点。
There is "a class of professed abolitionists in Cincinnati," she wrote, but they are "unfashionable" and are "regarded as a species of moral mono-maniacs."
她写道，“辛辛那提有一类自称废奴主义者”，但他们“不合时宜”，并且“被视为道德单一狂人”。
Narrator: In the spring of 1833, Harriet and two friends crossed over the river into neighboring Kentucky.
旁白：1833 年春天，哈丽特和两个朋友渡河进入邻近的肯塔基州。
She had never before visited a slave state.
她以前从未访问过蓄奴州。
Slave Auctioneer (Brian Elder): We have this fine specimen here.
奴隶拍卖师（布莱恩·埃尔德）：我们这里有这个精美的标本。
What'll you give?
你要给什么？
Slave Auctioneer (Brian Elder): Fifty.
奴隶拍卖师（布莱恩·埃尔德）：五十。
We've got 50 going once!
我们一次有50个！
Fifty going twice.
五十去两次。
Fifty!
五十！
Sold to the gentleman here.
卖给了这里的那位先生。
How're you gentleman doing this nice, warm Kentucky day?
这位先生，肯塔基州这个美好而温暖的日子过得怎么样？
We're gonna keep this thing going.
我们会让这件事继续下去。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: What Stowe sees there is a human thing.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：斯托所看到的是人类的事物。
She sees these people, I mean they are human beings.
她看到这些人，我的意思是他们都是人。
Slave Auctioneer (Brian Elder): What will you give for this woman?
奴隶拍卖师（布莱恩·埃尔德）：你愿意为这个女人付出什么？
Twenty-five?
二十五岁？
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: She's confronted with it in such an intimate way, and I think that never leaves her.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：她以如此亲密的方式面对它，我认为这永远不会离开她。
Narrator: In 1833, two years after William Lloyd Garrison launched The Liberator , abolitionists from all over the North gathered for the first time.
旁白：1833 年，即威廉·劳埃德·加里森 (William Lloyd Garrison) 推出《解放者》两年后，来自北方各地的废奴主义者第一次聚集在一起。
They could feel the strength of their growing numbers -- the time had come to unify their far-flung groups into one national anti-slavery society.
他们能够感受到日益增长的人数所带来的力量——是时候将他们分布广泛的群体统一成一个全国性的反奴隶制社会了。
Garrison was chosen to draw up the organization's charter.
加里森被选来起草该组织的章程。
He worked through the night, producing a radical document that crystallized his own beliefs, especially his faith in the power of nonviolence.
他通宵工作，制作了一份激进的文件，具体化了他自己的信念，尤其是他对非暴力力量的信念。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): Our measures shall be the opposition of moral purity to moral corruption, the destruction of error by the potency of truth, the overthrow of prejudice by the power of love, and the abolition of slavery by the spirit of repentance.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）：我们的措施应该是用道德纯洁来反对道德腐败，用真理的力量摧毁错误，用爱的力量推翻偏见，用悔改的精神废除奴隶制。
Narrator: The American Anti-Slavery Society came to life the next day, when 63 people signed Garrison's manifesto.
旁白：第二天，63 人签署了加里森的宣言，美国反奴隶制协会正式成立。
They vowed to spread the anti-slavery gospel to every city, town, and village, and they agreed to use what they called "moral suasion" to convert slaveholders to the cause.
他们发誓要将反奴隶制的福音传播到每个城市、城镇和村庄，并同意使用所谓的“道德说服”来使奴隶主皈依这一事业。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: The heart of the evangelical Christian's worldview was this idea that the individual can be converted almost immediately.
布莱特，历史学家：福音派基督徒世界观的核心是个人几乎可以立即转变的想法。
So why not the society too?
那么为什么社会不也是这样呢？
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: They had seen through their own religious culture the conversion of people from the condition of being a sinner to being sanctified.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：他们通过自己的宗教文化看到了人们从罪人状态转变为圣洁的过程。
And so the original intention of the abolitionists was to tell the slaveholders to repent and that they would.
所以废奴主义者的初衷是告诉奴隶主悔改，他们也会悔改。
John Stauffer, Historian: Abolitionists never waver in their faith or their hope that any day, any moment, slavery can end.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：废奴主义者的信念和希望永远不会动摇，他们希望奴隶制在任何一天、任何时刻都能结束。
Narrator: Word of the abolitionists' efforts spread, even reaching the slave Frederick Douglass.
旁白：废奴主义者的努力的消息传播开来，甚至传到了奴隶弗雷德里克·道格拉斯那里。
Douglass had spent much of his youth as a house slave in Baltimore.
道格拉斯年轻时的大部分时间都是在巴尔的摩当房奴度过的。
There his horizons had widened.
在那里，他的视野开阔了。
He had lived among free blacks, had secretly learned to read, and there he had come to hope that slavery might not be eternal.
他生活在自由黑人中间，偷偷地学会了读书，在那里他开始希望奴隶制不会永远存在。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Every once in a while, I could hear my master speaking angrily about "abolitionists." I had no idea who or what these were.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：每隔一段时间，我就能听到我的主人愤怒地谈论“废奴主义者”。我不知道他们是谁或是什么。
I soon found, however, that they were soundly hated by slaveholders.
然而，我很快发现他们深受奴隶主的憎恨。
I realized with deep satisfaction that I was not alone in abhorring slavery.
我深感满意地意识到，我并不是唯一一个憎恶奴隶制的人。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: This thought makes him question, it makes him hopeful, it makes him angry, so that when there is a need for Douglass to be beaten back into submission, to erase the experiences of Baltimore, he's sent to Covey for this.
埃里卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴（Erica Armstrong Dunbar），历史学家：这个想法让他产生疑问，让他充满希望，让他愤怒，所以当需要将道格拉斯打回屈服，抹去巴尔的摩的经历时，他就被派到科维那里。
Narrator: Edward Covey was a farmer back on Maryland's eastern shore who traded on his reputation as a slave breaker.
旁白：爱德华·科维是马里兰州东海岸的一位农民，他以奴隶制破坏者的名声为卖点。
John Stauffer, Historian: He was truly sadistic.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：他确实是个虐待狂。
He whipped Douglass mercilessly at least once a week for the first six months, for no reason at all.
在最初的六个月里，他每周至少无情地鞭打道格拉斯一次，毫无理由。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: Douglass knew that by physically assaulting a white man his life was in danger.
艾丽卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴（Erica Armstrong Dunbar），历史学家：道格拉斯知道，如果对白人进行人身攻击，他的生命就会处于危险之中。
But he's made this decision that it matters not.
但他已经做出了这个决定，这并不重要。
And he isn't punished, in part because Douglass standing up to Covey ruins, or at least jeopardizes, Covey's reputation.
他没有受到惩罚，部分原因是道格拉斯挺身而出，破坏了科维的声誉，或者至少危害了科维的声誉。
Narrator: Covey never laid a hand on Douglass again.
旁白：科维再也没有碰过道格拉斯。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): I was a changed being after that fight.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：那场比赛之后我变了。
I was nothing before.
以前我什么都不是。
I was a man now.
我现在是个男人了。
Narrator: By 1835, two years after the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society, there were over 300 chapters throughout the free states, with tens of thousands of members.
旁白：到 1835 年，即美国反奴隶制协会成立两年后，在整个自由州已经有 300 多个分会，拥有数万名会员。
Garrison and New York businessman Lewis Tappan hoped to build on this momentum with a bold plan to directly confront Southern slaveholders and their supporters.
加里森和纽约商人刘易斯·塔潘希望以此为基础，制定一项大胆的计划，直接对抗南方奴隶主及其支持者。
They proposed printing 20 to 50,000 pamphlets a week, and mailing them to ministers, elected officials, and newspaper editors in each state, especially in the South.
他们提议每周印刷 20 至 50,000 份小册子，并将其邮寄给各州（尤其是南方）的部长、民选官员和报纸编辑。
The postal campaign became a phenomenon.
邮政运动成为一种现象。
Within a year the Anti-Slavery Society had flooded the nation with over a million pieces of abolitionist literature, along with medals, emblems, bandanas, chocolate wrappers, songs, and readers for small children.
一年之内，反奴隶制协会向全国散发了超过一百万份废奴主义文学作品，以及奖章、徽章、头巾、巧克力包装纸、歌曲和儿童读物。
The great postal campaign did not bring about the end of what Southerners called "our peculiar institution." Instead, it triggered a wave of repression throughout the slave states.
伟大的邮政运动并没有导致南方人所谓的“我们独特的制度”的终结。相反，它引发了整个蓄奴州的镇压浪潮。
In Charleston, 3,000 people destroyed anti-slavery materials, and then burned Garrison in effigy.
在查尔斯顿，3000 人摧毁了反奴隶制材料，然后烧毁了加里森的肖像。
Lois Brown, Historian: Southerners decide we're being attacked and you need to bring these scoundrels to justice, they must be kidnapped, they must be assassinated -- I mean, it's incredible uproar.
路易斯·布朗，历史学家：南方人认为我们受到了攻击，你需要将这些恶棍绳之以法，他们必须被绑架，他们必须被暗杀——我的意思是，这是令人难以置信的骚动。
Manisha Sinha, Historian: This is when the South sort of closes itself completely on the issue of slavery.
马尼沙·辛哈（Manisha Sinha），历史学家：此时南方在奴隶制问题上完全封闭自己。
Earlier on you were not putting your life into danger if you criticized slavery.
早些时候，如果你批评奴隶制，你并没有将自己的生命置于危险之中。
But by that time in the South, if you did you were taking a serious risk.
但到了那个时候，在南方，如果你这么做了，你就要冒很大的风险。
Narrator: The vehemence of the reaction in the South took the abolitionists by surprise.
旁白：南方反应的激烈程度让废奴主义者大吃一惊。
But they were even more alarmed when the violence moved north.
但当暴力事件向北蔓延时，他们更加震惊。
In some cases, abolitionists themselves were the targets, as when a New York mob burned Lewis Tappan's house to the ground.
在某些情况下，废奴主义者本身就是目标，例如纽约暴徒将刘易斯·塔潘的房子夷为平地。
But all too often, African Americans were the victims of racist violence, from isolated beatings to the expulsion of entire black communities.
但非裔美国人常常成为种族主义暴力的受害者，从孤立的殴打到整个黑人社区被驱逐。
The mobs shattered every abolitionist assumption: that righteousness would triumph over evil, that their fellow Americans would listen to reason, that their Northern neighbors would support the abolitionist cause.
暴民粉碎了废奴主义者的每一个假设：正义将战胜邪恶，他们的美国同胞会倾听理性，他们的北方邻居会支持废奴主义事业。
Garrison was stunned.
加里森惊呆了。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): When we first unfurled the banner of The Liberator , we did not anticipate that to protect Southern slavery the free states would voluntarily trample underfoot all law, order, and government.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫，音频）：当我们第一次展开解放者的旗帜时，我们没有预料到，为了保护南方奴隶制，自由州会自愿践踏所有法律、秩序和政府。
Narrator: Garrison and his fellow abolitionists had roused an enemy far more tenacious, entrenched, and violent than they had ever imagined.
旁白：加里森和他的废奴主义者同僚激起了一个比他们想象的更顽强、更根深蒂固、更暴力的敌人。
In the years since Angelina Grimké left her home in Charleston, she had moved to Philadelphia and joined her like-minded sister, Sarah.
自从安吉丽娜·格里姆凯离开查尔斯顿的家后，她搬到了费城，加入了她志同道合的姐姐莎拉的身边。
There, Angelina discreetly followed reports of the abolitionist movement.
在那里，安吉丽娜谨慎地关注废奴运动的报道。
She was reluctant to get involved, fearing that would bring disgrace to her mother back in Charleston.
她不愿意参与其中，担心这会给查尔斯顿的母亲带来耻辱。
But as she read reports of the rising tide of pro-slavery violence, Grimké finally decided that she could remain silent no more.
但当她读到支持奴隶制暴力浪潮不断上升的报道时，格里姆凯最终决定不能再保持沉默了。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): "Respected Friend: It seems as if I was compelled at this time to address you.
安吉丽娜·格里姆凯（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：“尊敬的朋友：看来我此时不得不向您讲话。
I can hardly express the deep and solemn interest with which I have viewed the violent proceedings of the last few weeks ..."
我几乎无法表达我对过去几周的暴力事件的深切而庄严的兴趣……”
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): "...
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫饰）：“……
The ground upon which you stand is holy ground: never, never surrender it.
你所站立的土地是神圣的土地：永远、永远不要放弃它。
It is my deep, solemn, deliberate conviction that this is a cause worth dying for.
我深切、庄严、深思熟虑地坚信，这是一项值得为之献身的事业。
Angelina Grimké." William, she's the daughter of one of the most famous families in South Carolina.
安吉丽娜·格里姆凯。”威廉，她是南卡罗来纳州最著名的家庭之一的女儿。
W.
W.
Caleb McDaniel, Historian: When Garrison receives Angelina Grimké's letter, he sees a Southern woman who is confirming everything that the abolitionists have been saying about slavery's evils.
历史学家迦勒·麦克丹尼尔：当加里森收到安吉丽娜·格里姆凯的信时，他看到一位南方妇女正在证实废奴主义者所说的关于奴隶制罪恶的一切。
It's a Godsend.
这是天赐之物。
Narrator: Garrison's publication of the letter horrified Angelina's friends and even her sister Sarah.
旁白：加里森发表这封信让安吉丽娜的朋友，甚至她的妹妹莎拉感到震惊。
They pleaded with her to renounce it.
他们恳求她放弃这一点。
But Grimké refused.
但格里姆凯拒绝了。
Instead, she committed herself to the cause.
相反，她致力于这项事业。
She had a weapon that no other abolitionist could claim: a pedigree among the slaveholding aristocracy.
她拥有其他废奴主义者无法拥有的武器：奴隶制贵族的血统。
Grimké set about writing An Appeal to the Women of the South , urging them to work for the downfall of slavery.
格里姆克开始撰写《对南方妇女的呼吁》，敦促她们为废除奴隶制而努力。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): I know you do not make the laws but I also know that you are the wives and mothers, sisters and daughters of those who do.
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：我知道你们不制定法律，但我也知道你们是制定法律的人的妻子、母亲、姐妹和女儿。
Let the Christian women of the South arise, and salvation is certain.
让南方的基督教妇女起来，拯救是必然的。
Narrator: Grimké's appeal met the same reception as Garrison's pamphlets.
旁白：格里姆凯的呼吁与加里森的小册子一样受到欢迎。
In Charleston, copies were publicly burned, and the mayor warned her mother that if Angelina ever dared visit Charleston again she would be thrown in jail.
在查尔斯顿，这些副本被公开烧毁，市长警告她的母亲，如果安吉丽娜胆敢再次访问查尔斯顿，她将被投入监狱。
But Grimké had no intention of returning to the South.
但格里姆凯无意返回南方。
She had made up her mind to take up the banner of abolition.
她已经下定决心，要扛起废除死刑的大旗。
Mob (Actors): We'll take care of them ...
Mob（演员）：我们会照顾他们的......
I'm going to lose ...
我会输...
You're not going to lose nothing ...
你不会失去任何东西......
I got this figured out ...
我明白了这一点...
I'm not afraid of you ...
我不怕你...
We're not fighting each other, we're fighting the God-damned abolitionists ...
我们不是在互相争斗，我们是在与该死的废奴主义者作斗争……
Just relax ...
放松一下...
You back off of me ...
你从我身上退开...
Don't you mess with me, boy.
别惹我，孩子。
Narrator: By the fall of 1835, anti-abolitionist violence was closing in on Boston.
旁白：1835 年秋天，反废奴主义者的暴力活动逼近波士顿。
A stone-throwing crowd had recently forced one of Garrison's allies to abandon a speech.
最近，一群投掷石块的人群迫使加里森的一位盟友放弃了演讲。
Garrison himself woke one morning to find a gallows on his front lawn.
一天早上，加里森自己醒来，发现前草坪上有一个绞架。
He ignored the warnings.
他无视这些警告。
On the morning of October 21st, 1835, he made his way across town to deliver yet another anti-slavery lecture.
1835 年 10 月 21 日早上，他穿过城镇，再次发表反奴隶制演讲。
Mob (Actors): That was Garrison!
Mob（演员）：那是加里森！
That was Garrison!
那是加里森！
We'll get him ...
我们会得到他...
Hey, we'll get him on the way back out!
嘿，我们会把他带回来的！
Narrator: Garrison fled into a back alley, and hid away in a carpenter shop.
旁白：加里森逃进后巷，躲进了一家木匠店。
Third Assailant (Actor): Come on, let's take him down to the others.
第三个袭击者（演员）：来吧，我们把他带到其他人那里。
First Assailant (Actor): All right.
第一袭击者（演员）：好的。
We'll tar the nigger-loving son of a bitch.
我们要给这个爱黑鬼的王八蛋涂上焦油。
Get the rope.
拿绳子来。
Narrator: Fortunately for Garrison, two burly men in the crowd took pity on him, and rushed him to the town hall.
旁白：对加里森来说幸运的是，人群中有两个魁梧的男人怜悯他，把他送往市政厅。
With the mob still calling for Garrison's blood, the mayor put the terrified printer in jail for the night, for his own protection.
由于暴徒们仍在呼唤加里森的鲜血，市长为了保护他自己，将这位惊慌失措的印刷工关进监狱过夜。
Reeling from his brush with death, Garrison retreated to the Connecticut countryside with his wife Helen, who was pregnant with their first child.
与死亡擦肩而过的加里森和怀着第一个孩子的妻子海伦回到了康涅狄格州的乡村。
Garrison told colleagues that he needed to stay with Helen and the new baby.
加里森告诉同事，他需要留在海伦和新生儿身边。
In fact, he had been shaken to his core, his faith in his fellow man poisoned, his hope for his country undermined.
事实上，他的内心受到了动摇，他对同胞的信心遭到毒害，他对国家的希望遭到破坏。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Garrison begins to suspect that every part of American society is infected by a deep moral disease.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：加里森开始怀疑美国社会的各个部分都受到了深刻的道德疾病的感染。
And he starts to say, "The churches are pro-slavery -- we're coming out of all the churches.
他开始说，“教会是支持奴隶制的——我们来自所有的教会。
Politics are pro-slavery -- abolitionists should never vote." He becomes far more radical and far more anti-institutional.
政治是支持奴隶制的——废奴主义者永远不应该投票。”他变得更加激进、更加反制度。
Narrator: For years, John Brown had been trying to divine God's purpose, to make sense of his afflictions.
旁白：多年来，约翰·布朗一直试图揣测上帝的旨意，理解他的苦难。
He had once been a successful merchant and tanner, a good provider to his family.
他曾经是一位成功的商人和制革商，是家庭的良好供养者。
But then, suddenly, his life collapsed: a series of business disasters plunged him deep into debt.
但突然间，他的生活崩溃了：一系列的商业灾难让他深陷债务之中。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: Brown is drifting just further and further into a very deep and dark relationship with God.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：布朗正在与上帝建立一种非常深刻和黑暗的关系。
He's always trying to discern what God wants for him.
他总是试图辨别神对他的要求。
That's really what Calvinism is all about.
这确实是加尔文主义的意义所在。
You’re eternally in sin.
你永远处于罪孽之中。
You're just constantly trying to get out of it like a drowning man.
你就像一个溺水者一样不断地试图摆脱困境。
Narrator: In November of 1837, news came that an anti-slavery printer had been murdered by a mob in Illinois.
旁白：1837 年 11 月，有消息称伊利诺伊州一名反奴隶制印刷商被暴徒谋杀。
Elijah Lovejoy's death struck at something deep within John Brown, conjuring up a memory that had haunted him for years.
伊利亚·洛夫乔伊的死触动了约翰·布朗内心深处的某些东西，唤起了多年来困扰他的记忆。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith, audio): When I was a child, I stayed for a short time with a very gentlemanly landlord who held a slave boy near my own age.
莱德·史密斯（Ryder Smith，音频）：当我还是个孩子的时候，我曾在一位非常绅士的房东那里住过一段时间，他养了一个与我年龄相仿的奴隶男孩。
The master made a great pet of me, while the Negro boy was badly clothed, poorly fed, and beaten before my eyes with iron shovels or any other thing that came first to hand.
主人把我当作了一个伟大的宠物，而那个黑人男孩却衣衫褴褛，吃得不好，在我眼前被铁铲或任何其他先到的东西殴打。
Narrator: For Brown, Lovejoy's death was a sign from God: He must never again stand helpless in the face of evil.
旁白：对于布朗来说，洛夫乔伊的死是上帝的一个信号：他绝不能再在邪恶面前束手无策。
As he dressed for a prayer meeting a few days after the killing, John Brown knew what God meant for him.
凶杀案发生几天后，当约翰·布朗盛装打扮去参加祈祷会时，他知道上帝对他意味着什么。
He sat silently at the back of the room as one speaker after another fired up the congregation with accounts of Lovejoy's death.
他静静地坐在房间的后面，一位又一位演讲者用洛夫乔伊之死的叙述激怒了会众。
Finally, John Brown stood up and raised his right hand.
最后，约翰·布朗站了起来，举起了右手。
"Here before God," he announced, "in the presence of these witnesses, from this time, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery." A few months earlier, scores of abolitionists had descended on New York for a training session.
“在上帝面前，”他宣布，“在这些证人面前，从现在起，我将我的生命奉献给废除奴隶制。”几个月前，数十名废奴主义者来到纽约参加培训课程。
William Lloyd Garrison came, as did Angelina and Sarah Grimké.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森来了，安吉丽娜和莎拉·格里姆凯也来了。
Though Garrison gave a rousing speech, Angelina's head was turned by a striking young theologian who ran most of the sessions.
尽管加里森发表了激动人心的演讲，但主持大部分会议的一位引人注目的年轻神学家却引起了安吉丽娜的注意。
Theodore Weld had committed himself totally to the anti-slavery cause, and had even pledged not to marry until the slaves were free.
西奥多·韦尔德全身心投入反奴隶制事业，甚至发誓在奴隶获得自由之前不会结婚。
Carol Berkin, Historian: Angelina thinks he walks on water.
卡罗尔·伯金，历史学家：安吉丽娜认为他在水上行走。
She thinks he is the most amazing man, that he is filled with a passion of abolition.
她认为他是最了不起的男人，他充满了废奴的热情。
He trains them, teaches them, and sends them off to give talks.
他训练他们、教导他们，并派他们去演讲。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): I stand before you as a Southerner, exiled from the land of my birth by the sound of the lash, and the piteous cry of the slave.
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（珍妮·塞拉莱斯饰）：我作为一个南方人站在你们面前，在鞭打声和奴隶可怜的哭声中被从我出生的土地上放逐。
I stand before you as a repentant slaveholder.
我作为一个悔改的奴隶主站在你们面前。
I feel that I owe it to the suffering slave, and the deluded master, to do all that I can to overturn a system built up upon the bodies of my countrymen, and cemented by the blood and sweat and tears of my sisters in bonds.
我觉得我有责任尽我所能去推翻这个建立在我同胞身体之上、由我的姐妹们的血汗和泪水巩固起来的制度，这对受苦受难的奴隶和被欺骗的主人负有责任。
Carol Berkin, Historian: Of course, since they're women, to speak in front of a mixed -- or as they called it, promiscuous -- audience of men and women was absolutely forbidden.
卡罗尔·伯金（Carol Berkin），历史学家：当然，因为她们是女性，所以绝对禁止在男女混杂的观众面前讲话，或者用他们的话来说，混杂的观众。
The abolitionists are ardent desirers of respectability for their movement.
废奴主义者热切希望他们的运动得到尊重。
So when men start to come to her talks, their antennae go up.
因此，当男人开始参加她的演讲时，他们的触角就会竖起。
And when they tell her to stop talking to men, she says, "No, I have a right."
当他们告诉她不要和男人说话时，她说：“不，我有权利。”
Narrator: The Grimkés quickly found themselves at the center of a storm.
旁白：格里姆克斯一家很快就发现自己陷入了风暴的中心。
Ministers condemned them, and warned of the dangers that loomed if women moved away from their assigned sphere.
部长们谴责了她们，并警告说，如果女性离开她们指定的领域，就会出现危险。
Many abolitionists agreed.
许多废奴主义者表示同意。
As the arguments escalated, Angelina began linking the rights of enslaved people to the rights of women.
随着争论不断升级，安吉丽娜开始将被奴役者的权利与妇女的权利联系起来。
Garrison stood by the embattled sisters, but Weld did not.
加里森站在了四面楚歌的姐妹一边，但韦尔德却没有。
"Women's rights should not be your preoccupation," he told Angelina, "at least not until the slaves are free." Grimké's pain and anger came through in her reply.
“妇女权利不应该成为你关注的焦点，”他告诉安吉丽娜，“至少在奴隶获得自由之前不应该如此。”格里姆凯的回答中流露着痛苦和愤怒。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): Can't you just stand here side-by-side with us?
Angelina Grimké（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：你就不能和我们并肩站在这里吗？
Can you not see that women could do, and would do, a hundred times more for the slave if she were not shackled?
你难道看不出，如果奴隶没有被束缚的话，女人可以而且愿意为奴隶做一百倍以上的事情吗？
Narrator: By the time their six-month tour finally ended in the fall of 1837, Angelina could go no further.
旁白：1837 年秋天，当他们为期六个月的旅行最终结束时，安吉丽娜已经无法再继续下去了。
She collapsed with typhoid fever.
她因伤寒而倒下。
As she was recovering, Angelina wrote to Theodore, saying she hadn't realized how much he disliked her.
当安吉丽娜康复时，她写信给西奥多，说她没有意识到他有多不喜欢她。
Carol Berkin, Historian: And he writes back to her, "You're young and you have too much pride, and you're not helping the cause." And then in great big letters, three times the size of the rest of the letter, he writes, "I have loved you from the first moment I met you." And I'm sure Angelina had the same response I had in reading, "You're terrible.
卡罗尔·伯金（Carol Berkin），历史学家：他给她回信说：“你很年轻，你太骄傲了，你没有帮助这个事业。”然后，他用比信其余部分大三倍的大字写道：“从见到你的第一刻起，我就爱你了。”我确信安吉丽娜的反应和我读到的一样：“你太糟糕了。
You're prideful.
你很骄傲。
I love -- I, I what?"
我爱——我，我什么？”
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): Your letter was indeed a great surprise, my brother, and yet it was no surprise at all.
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：我的兄弟，你的来信确实让我大吃一惊，但其实一点也不意外。
I feel, my Theodore, that we are the two halves of one whole, two bodies animated by one soul, and that the Lord has given us to each other.
我觉得，我的西奥多，我们是一个整体的两半，是由同一个灵魂驱动的两个身体，主将我们彼此赐给了彼此。
Narrator: In the spring of 1838, Angelina and Theodore's friends received a wedding invitation adorned with an engraving of a slave in chains.
旁白：1838 年春天，安吉丽娜和西奥多的朋友收到了一张结婚请柬，上面刻着一个戴着锁链的奴隶。
It would be a ceremony unlike any other.
这将是一个与众不同的仪式。
The couple improvised their vows, denounced a man's authority over his wife, and, to cap it all off, they had a black minister and a white minister lead the congregation in prayer.
这对夫妇即兴宣誓，谴责男人对妻子的权威，最重要的是，他们让一名黑人牧师和一名白人牧师带领会众祈祷。
Theodore Weld (Steve Annan): And I reject all authority, all government, save the influence which love gives us over each other.
西奥多·韦尔德（史蒂夫·安南）：我拒绝所有权威、所有政府，除了爱赋予我们彼此的影响力。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles): May the sun continue to shine as it now does, and may our Father guide us in love through the rest of our pilgrimage.
安吉丽娜·格里姆凯（Jeanine Serralles）：愿阳光继续像现在一样闪耀，愿我们的天父在爱中引导我们度过余下的朝圣之旅。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): Brothers and sisters, Mr. and Mrs. Weld have chosen to solemnize their union not by the illegitimate authority of state or church, but by your witness.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫）：兄弟姐妹们，韦尔德先生和夫人选择不是通过国家或教会的非法权威，而是通过你们的见证来庆祝他们的结合。
On this ...
对此...
Julie Roy Jeffrey, Historian: All kinds of rumors had been flying around Philadelphia about the wedding and the guest list and the social amalgamation, or mixing, that had gone on.
历史学家朱莉·罗伊·杰弗里：关于婚礼、宾客名单以及正在进行的社会融合或混合的各种谣言在费城流传。
Narrator: As news of the event filtered out, the city grew tense.
旁白：随着事件的消息传开，这座城市变得紧张起来。
By the time Angelina and Theodore attended an anti-slavery convention two days after the wedding, Philadelphia was seething with racial tension.
当安吉丽娜和西奥多在婚礼两天后参加反奴隶制大会时，费城已经充满了种族紧张局势。
The meeting was held in Pennsylvania Hall, which had been constructed as a haven for free speech.
会议在宾夕法尼亚大厅举行，该大厅被建成为言论自由的天堂。
Carol Berkin, Historian: The leaders of the movement are on the stage, and as they're speaking, as they're holding their meeting, they begin to hear noise outside, and the noise grows and grows and grows.
卡罗尔·伯金（Carol Berkin），历史学家：运动的领导人站在讲台上，当他们讲话时，当他们召开会议时，他们开始听到外面的噪音，而且噪音越来越大。
And then they begin to see the rocks hitting the windows.
然后他们开始看到岩石撞击窗户。
And they realize that they're in danger.
他们意识到自己处于危险之中。
Narrator: Angelina Weld kept speaking as showers of stones pelted the windows.
旁白：安吉丽娜·韦尔德不停地说话，石头如雨点般地砸在窗户上。
Shattered glass cascaded to the floor.
破碎的玻璃倾泻到地板上。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): What is the mob?
Angelina Grimké（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：暴民是什么？
What would the breaking of every window be -- any evidence that we are wrong, or that slavery is a good and wholesome institution?
打破每一扇窗户会是什么——有什么证据表明我们错了，或者奴隶制是一个好的、有益健康的制度？
What if that mob should burst in upon us and commit violence on our persons?
如果那群暴徒闯入我们并对我们实施暴力怎么办？
Would this be anything compared with what the slaves endure?
与奴隶所承受的痛苦相比，这算得了什么吗？
Narrator: The following night, a crowd broke into the empty hall and set fire to the building.
旁白：第二天晚上，一群人闯入空荡荡的大厅并放火焚烧了大楼。
Firemen stood aside and watched it burn.
消防员站在一旁看着火燃烧。
Soon, Philadelphia's monument to free speech lay in ruins.
很快，费城的言论自由纪念碑就变成了废墟。
Only days after the burning of Pennsylvania Hall, a shaken Angelina moved with Theodore to a rustic farm in New Jersey.
宾夕法尼亚厅被烧毁仅几天后，震惊的安吉丽娜与西奥多搬到了新泽西州的一个乡村农场。
There, far from the violence and upheaval of abolition's front lines, they would take up their most influential work.
在那里，远离废奴前线的暴力和动乱，他们将从事他们最有影响力的工作。
American Slavery As It Is was a book made up of first-hand accounts of slavery, handbills for runaway slaves, court records, and the words of slave owners themselves.
《美国奴隶制现状》是一本由奴隶制的第一手资料、逃亡奴隶传单、法庭记录和奴隶主本人的话组成的书。
A mammoth undertaking, it was an irrefutable answer to the argument that slavery was a necessary and benevolent institution.
这是一项艰巨的任务，它无可辩驳地回答了奴隶制是一种必要且仁慈的制度这一论点。
Grimké was unflinching in her own account.
格里姆凯在自己的叙述中毫不犹豫。
Angelina Grimké (Jeanine Serralles, audio): I saw slavery in the city, among the fashionable and the honorable.
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Jeanine Serralles，音频）：我在城市中、在时尚和尊贵的人中看到了奴隶制。
There, everything cruel and revolting is carefully concealed from strangers.
在那里，一切残酷和令人反感的事情都被小心翼翼地向陌生人隐瞒。
I have known the mistress of a family borrow servants to wait on company, because their own slaves had been so cruelly flogged, that they could not walk without limping at every step, and their putrefied flesh emitted such an intolerable smell that they were not fit to be in the presence of company.
我认识一个家庭的女主人借用仆人来伺候，因为他们自己的奴隶被残酷地鞭打，走起路来一瘸一拐，腐烂的肉体散发出难以忍受的气味，不适合在人面前。
Narrator: American Slavery As It Is became the best-selling book in the country.
旁白：《美国奴隶制现状》成为该国最畅销的书。
But with its publication, Angelina Grimké's public career was over.
但随着该书的出版，安吉丽娜·格里姆凯的公共生涯结束了。
Her health had been severely weakened by her public ordeals, leaving her barely able to cope with the demands of motherhood.
她的健康状况因公众的磨难而严重受损，使她几乎无法应对母亲的要求。
For all that, Angelina Grimké never surrendered the vision of a more perfect society in which black and white, men and women, walked together in the ways of God.
尽管如此，安吉丽娜·格里姆凯从未放弃过一个更加完美的社会的愿景，在这个社会中，黑人和白人、男人和女人一起走在上帝的道路上。
Carol Berkin, Historian: She's exhausted from fighting, and yet, she really never lets go of doing what is morally right.
卡罗尔·伯金，历史学家：她因战斗而筋疲力尽，但她从未放弃做道德上正确的事情。
But she's not the same know-it-all obnoxious girl she was when she was younger.
但她不再是年轻时那个万事通、令人讨厌的女孩了。
Now she's genuinely a humanist, she's genuinely a person with great empathy for people who suffer, and great sensitivity to the inequalities in society.
现在她是一个真正的人道主义者，一个真正对受苦受难的人充满同情心，对社会不平等非常敏感的人。
Narrator: By 1840, after 10 years of struggle, William Lloyd Garrison was drifting away from many of his old allies, alienating them with what they considered irrelevant heresies.
旁白：到了 1840 年，经过 10 年的斗争，威廉·劳埃德·加里森与他的许多老盟友渐行渐远，并用他们认为无关的异端邪说疏远了他们。
Rather than backing down, Garrison upped the ante: Because the Constitution itself was corrupt, he charged, the Union was fatally flawed.
加里森没有退缩，而是加大了赌注：他指责说，因为宪法本身就是腐败的，联邦存在致命缺陷。
Garrison insisted that abolitionists renounce their government, that they withdraw from citizenship and refuse to vote.
加里森坚持要求废奴主义者放弃政府，取消公民身份并拒绝投票。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): The American Union was effected by a guilty compromise between the free and slave-holding states -- in other words, by incorporating the slave system into the government.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫，音频）：美国联邦受到自由州和蓄奴州之间有罪妥协的影响——换句话说，是将奴隶制纳入政府。
In the language of scripture, it was "a covenant with death, and an agreement with Hell."
用圣经的语言来说，这是“与死亡的契约，与地狱的协议”。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: The first American Republic, the one invented in the Revolution in the late 18th century, had to die.
布莱特，历史学家：第一个美利坚共和国，即 18 世纪末革命中发明的共和国，必须灭亡。
It is so deeply flawed by the fact that human beings are property, that that Republic is doomed.
由于人类是财产这一事实，它存在如此严重的缺陷，以至于这个共和国注定要失败。
It must be crushed, it must be changed and reinvented.
它必须被粉碎，它必须被改变和重新发明。
Narrator: Many of Garrison's old friends had had enough.
旁白：加里森的许多老朋友已经受够了。
Some of them were deeply offended by his support of women's rights.
他们中的一些人因他对妇女权利的支持而深受冒犯。
Others thought it lunacy for a reform movement to ignore politics, or to insist that supporters refrain from voting.
其他人则认为改革运动忽视政治或坚持要求支持者不投票是疯狂的行为。
And a few were quietly wondering whether nonviolence could ever free the slaves.
还有一些人悄悄地想知道非暴力是否能够解放奴隶。
In May of 1840, they quit the American Anti-Slavery Society.
1840 年 5 月，他们退出美国反奴隶制协会。
The organization remained, with Garrison at its head, but membership and income plummeted.
该组织仍然存在，由加里森领导，但成员数量和收入直线下降。
The infighting left the abolition movement fragmented and disheartened.
内讧使得废奴运动支离破碎、灰心丧气。
Many wondered whether it would disappear altogether.
许多人想知道它是否会完全消失。
Time and again Garrison, Grimké, Weld, and their kindred spirits had sounded the warning: the Republic couldn't forever encompass the ideal of liberty and the reality of slavery.
加里森、格里姆克、韦尔德和他们的志同道合者一次又一次地发出警告：共和国不可能永远包容自由的理想和奴隶制的现实。
For their beliefs they had been reviled, mocked, beaten, and imprisoned.
由于他们的信仰，他们遭到辱骂、嘲笑、殴打和监禁。
But they had exposed the fatal weakness in the Union, and set the nation on course to the gravest crisis in its history.
但他们暴露了联邦的致命弱点，并使国家走上了历史上最严重的危机。
Narrator: Frederick Douglass had heard the stories -- every slave had.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯听过这些故事——每个奴隶都听过。
Whispered accounts of fugitives running from the slave catchers for nights on end, coming within sight of freedom, only to hear the hounds closing in.
窃窃私语地讲述了逃亡者连续几个晚上逃离奴隶捕手的追捕，看到自由的曙光，却听到猎犬逼近的声音。
Fugitives starving, freezing to death, being torn apart by wild animals.
逃亡者挨饿、冻死、被野兽撕碎。
Everyone knew what would happen if you were caught: flogging, branding, elaborate tortures to strike terror into any other would-be runaways.
每个人都知道如果你被抓住会发生什么：鞭打、烙印、精心设计的酷刑，以对其他可能逃跑的人造成恐惧。
Some lost hope and returned to their masters.
有些人失去了希望，回到了主人身边。
Others killed themselves rather than go back to slavery.
其他人则自杀而不是回到奴隶制。
But, some made it.
但是，有些人做到了。
In the fall of 1838, Frederick Douglass leapt aboard a train in Baltimore, slipped through the gauntlet of slave catchers prowling the border between slave and free states, and finally boarded a ferry bound for New York City.
1838 年秋天，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 在巴尔的摩跳上一列火车，躲过了在奴隶州和自由州边界徘徊的奴隶捕手的严酷考验，最后登上了开往纽约市的渡轮。
Only 24 hours removed from slavery, Douglass found himself wandering among the dazzling wonders of Broadway.
道格拉斯脱离奴隶制仅 24 小时，就发现自己徜徉在百老汇令人眼花缭乱的奇观之中。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): A free state around me, and the free earth under my feet!
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：我周围是自由的国家，我脚下是自由的地球！
What a moment this was to me!
这对我来说是多么美好的时刻啊！
A whole year was pressed into a single day.
整整一年被压缩成一天。
A new world burst upon my agitated vision.
一个新世界突然出现在我激动的视野中。
Narrator: Douglass had planned his escape with the help of Anna Murray, a free black woman he had met in Baltimore.
旁白：道格拉斯在安娜·穆雷（Anna Murray）的帮助下计划了他的逃跑，安娜·穆雷是他在巴尔的摩遇到的一位自由黑人妇女。
Anna had sewn his sailor disguise, and sold her featherbed to give him the money he needed.
安娜为他缝制了水手伪装，并卖掉了她的羽毛床，以给他所需的钱。
As soon as she joined him in New York, they were married in a safe house by a fellow runaway.
她一到纽约与他会合，他们就在一个逃亡者的安全屋里结婚了。
There was no time to rest -- New York was crawling with bounty hunters.
没有时间休息——纽约到处都是赏金猎人。
With five dollars to their names, Frederick and Anna headed further north.
弗雷德里克和安娜带着五美元，继续向北前进。
Their destination was New Bedford, Massachusetts, a whaling town known as an abolitionist stronghold, with a large population of free blacks and runaway slaves.
他们的目的地是马萨诸塞州的新贝德福德，这是一个被称为废奴主义据点的捕鲸小镇，拥有大量自由黑人和逃亡奴隶。
Frederick and Anna clawed their way out of desperate poverty, and built a life for their growing family.
弗雷德里克和安娜摆脱了绝望的贫困，并为他们不断壮大的家庭建立了生活。
For three years Douglass shoveled coal, cut wood, and loaded ships, often working two shifts a day.
三年来，道格拉斯铲煤、砍柴、装船，经常一天两班倒。
He did make time to attend anti-slavery gatherings, and was an avid reader of the most prominent abolitionist newspaper of the day, William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator .
他确实抽出时间参加反奴隶制集会，并且是当时最著名的废奴主义报纸威廉·劳埃德·加里森的《解放者》的热心读者。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): I not only liked, I loved this paper, and its editor.
Frederick Douglass（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：我不仅喜欢，而且喜欢这篇论文及其编辑。
He seemed a match for all the opponents of emancipation.
他似乎是所有反对解放的人的对手。
Its words were few, and full of holy fire.
它的言语很少，却充满了圣火。
Narrator: When Douglass heard that Garrison was going to address an anti-slavery convention in Nantucket, he took a rare few days off and boarded a ferry for the island.
旁白：当道格拉斯听说加里森要在楠塔基特岛的反奴隶制大会上发表讲话时，他难得休息了几天，登上了前往该岛的渡轮。
As Douglass listened to the proceedings, a friend from New Bedford unexpectedly called on him to speak.
当道格拉斯听取整个过程时，一位来自新贝德福德的朋友出人意料地请他发言。
"As I made my way to the stage," Douglass recalled, "I was shaking in every limb."
“当我走上舞台时，”道格拉斯回忆道，“我的四肢都在颤抖。”
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): My mother was named Harriet Bailey.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我的母亲名叫哈丽特·贝利。
I can’t recollect of ever seeing her by the light of day.
我不记得在白天见过她。
We were separated when I was but an infant.
当我还是个婴儿的时候我们就分开了。
My father was a white man -- it was whispered that my master was my father, but of this I know nothing.
我的父亲是一个白人——有人低声说我的主人就是我的父亲，但对此我一无所知。
What I do know is that my master was a very cruel man.
我所知道的是，我的主人是一个非常残忍的人。
I was just a boy -- hushed, terrified, stunned.
我只是一个男孩——安静、害怕、震惊。
That is slavery.
那就是奴隶制。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): Mr. Douglass!
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫）：道格拉斯先生！
I have never seen an audience so captivated.
我从未见过观众如此着迷。
I myself was carried away, as you saw.
正如你所看到的，我自己也被迷住了。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): You were wonderful.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫）：你太棒了。
If you don't mind my asking -- how did you first realize that you were a slave?
如果你不介意我问的话——你是怎么第一次意识到自己是奴隶的？
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Slowly.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：慢慢来。
I was raised by my grandmother.
我是由祖母抚养长大的。
We lived far from the slave quarters, and so I didn't know what went on there.
我们住的地方离奴隶区很远，所以我不知道那里发生了什么。
And one day, when I was six years old, my grandmother was told to walk me to the workhouse near the master's place.
有一天，当我六岁的时候，我的祖母被告知带我去主人家附近的济贫院。
She sent me over to play with the other children, and abandoned me there.
她把我送去和其他孩子一起玩，然后把我遗弃在那里。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): What a horrible, horrible crime.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫饰）：这是多么可怕、可怕的罪行。
An innocent child.
一个无辜的孩子。
Why were you raised by your grandmother -- what about your mother?
为什么你是由你的祖母抚养长大的——你的母亲呢？
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): My mother?
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我的母亲？
I only saw her a few times, at night.
我只在晚上见过她几次。
She was taken away after I was born, to work as a field hand 12 miles away.
我出生后，她就被带走，去 12 英里外的田里干活。
She walked all the way back a handful of times, but even so, they never let me know her enough to really love her.
她好几次一路走回来，但即便如此，他们还是没有让我足够了解她，无法真正爱她。
That left a hole -- I can't express it.
这留下了一个漏洞——我无法表达它。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): My mother left me too.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫）：我的母亲也离开了我。
I was five.
我当时五岁。
She worked in another town for a few years.
她在另一个城镇工作了几年。
I missed her terribly.
我非常想念她。
But that was nothing compared with ...
但与……相比，那根本不算什么。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): My dear Mr. Douglass -- join me.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫）：我亲爱的道格拉斯先生——跟我一起。
I urge you.
我劝你。
You have a gift, sir, you really do.
先生，你确实有天赋。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Mr. Garrison, you must understand how unexpected this is.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：加里森先生，你一定明白这是多么出人意料。
I never imagined ...
我万万没想到...
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): You have an opportunity to strike a blow for the slaves who continue to suffer as we speak.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫）：你有机会为在我们说话时仍在遭受苦难的奴隶们带来打击。
Did the Lord give you these gifts so that you could spend your life working in the shipyards?
主赐给你这些恩赐，是为了让你可以在造船厂工作一辈子吗？
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): I see now why you are such an effective advocate.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我现在明白为什么你是一位如此有效的倡导者了。
Narrator: Douglass's new life was fraught with danger.
旁白：道格拉斯的新生活充满了危险。
He was a fugitive.
他是一名逃犯。
By speaking out in public, he risked capture by bounty hunter.
在公开场合发表言论，他冒着被赏金猎人抓获的风险。
But he understood that his personal testimony could help transform the struggle.
但他明白，他的个人证词可以帮助改变这场斗争。
Garrison and his followers had failed to convert the slaveholders.
加里森和他的追随者未能改变奴隶主的信仰。
Now, they hoped to deprive them of their financial and political support in the North.
现在，他们希望剥夺他们在北方的财政和政治支持。
Douglass and his fellow agents were sent out to recruit the foot soldiers for this campaign: the men and women who would organize boycotts, raise money, and petition Congress.
道格拉斯和他的特工同事们被派去招募参加这场运动的步兵：那些将组织抵制、筹集资金并向国会请愿的男男女女。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): ...
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫饰）：...
You must not give or take any quarter.
你不得给予或索取任何四分之一。
You must cleave slavery to the ground!
你们必须彻底铲除奴隶制！
Thank you.
谢谢。
Now, I would like to introduce to you a graduate from the "peculiar institution." He can bear witness to the true nature of that institution.
现在，我想向大家介绍一位来自“奇特院校”的毕业生。他可以见证该机构的真实性质。
His diploma is written on his back.
他的毕业证书写在他的背上。
Mr. Frederick Douglass.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯先生。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Douglass is something really, really special.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：道格拉斯真的非常非常特别。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: And Garrison can sense that this is a way to really make the abolitionist cause incarnate.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：加里森可以感觉到，这是真正使废奴主义事业具体化的一种方式。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: Many of the audience members had never, ever seen a slave, let alone been to the slave South.
艾丽卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴（Erica Armstrong Dunbar），历史学家：许多观众从未见过奴隶，更不用说去过奴隶制的南方了。
So to have a person like Douglass gave the anti-slavery cause teeth; it gave it authenticity; it gave it a new voice.
因此，像道格拉斯这样的人为反奴隶制事业做出了贡献；它赋予了它真实性；它赋予了它新的声音。
Narrator: Over the course of a few months, Douglass traveled three and a half thousand miles.
旁白：在几个月的时间里，道格拉斯旅行了三千英里。
The campaign was bearing fruit.
该活动正在取得成果。
Northerners were flooding Congress with anti-slavery petitions.
北方人向国会提交了大量反奴隶制请愿书。
When the House passed a gag rule forbidding their consideration, it added to Northern suspicions that the government was operating for the benefit of slaveholders.
当众议院通过禁止他们考虑的禁言规则时，这增加了北方人对政府是为了奴隶主的利益而运作的怀疑。
Abolitionists had driven another wedge into the fractures of the Union.
废奴主义者又在联邦的裂痕中制造了另一个楔子。
But for Douglass, that wasn’t enough.
但对于道格拉斯来说，这还不够。
He wanted to effect change directly.
他想直接实现改变。
When he heard that a fellow runaway had been captured, he saw a chance to enlist Garrison and his followers.
当他听说一名逃亡同伴被抓获时，他看到了招募加里森和他的追随者的机会。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Dear Friend Garrison: Slavery, our enemy, has landed in our very midst.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：亲爱的朋友加里森：奴隶制，我们的敌人，已经降临在我们中间。
George Latimer has been hunted down like a wild beast and imprisoned in Leverett Street jail.
乔治·拉蒂默像野兽一样遭到追捕，并被关进莱弗里特街监狱。
Narrator: George Latimer had arrived in Boston in the fall of 1842, only to be thrown in jail at the request of a Virginia planter.
旁白：乔治·拉蒂默 (George Latimer) 于 1842 年秋天抵达波士顿，但在一位弗吉尼亚种植园主的要求下被投入监狱。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Boston has become the hunting ground of merciless man-stealers.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：波士顿已成为无情的偷窃者的猎场。
We need not point to the sugar fields of Louisiana or to the rice swamps of Alabama for the bloody deeds of this soul-crushing system, but to the city of pilgrims.
我们不必把这个摧残灵魂的制度的血腥行为指向路易斯安那州的糖田或阿拉巴马州的稻田沼泽，而是指向朝圣者之城。
Narrator: Garrison and the other abolitionists took up the call.
旁白：加里森和其他废奴主义者接听了电话。
Soon, Boston was in an uproar.
很快，波士顿一片哗然。
Fearing an assault on the jail, the sheriff released Latimer, and his master had no choice but to set him free.
由于担心监狱遭到袭击，治安官释放了拉蒂默，他的主人别无选择，只能释放了他。
For abolitionists, it was a stunning victory, but they weren't done.
对于废奴主义者来说，这是一次惊人的胜利，但他们的目标还没有结束。
In a show of strength, they collected 65,000 signatures, bound the documents together, and rolled them like barrels into the state house.
为了展示实力，他们收集了 65,000 个签名，将文件装订在一起，然后像木桶一样滚进州议会大厦。
In March of 1843, Massachusetts complied with their demands by passing the Personal Liberty Act.
1843 年 3 月，马萨诸塞州满足了他们的要求，通过了《个人自由法》。
State officials could never again take part in the recapture of a fugitive slave.
州政府官员再也不能参与抓捕逃亡奴隶的行动了。
Within a few years, almost every other Northern state had followed suit.
几年之内，几乎所有其他北方州都纷纷效仿。
The personal liberty laws set alarm bells ringing throughout the South.
个人自由法给整个南方敲响了警钟。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: Southerners have a right to be outraged.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平，历史学家：南方人有权感到愤怒。
Here we have proof positive that there is an utter disregard for the compromises that have been made to found this American republic, to try to keep this thing running.
在这里，我们有确凿的证据表明，人们完全无视为建立这个美利坚共和国而做出的妥协，试图让这个事情继续运转。
Lois Brown, Historian: You see the South rising to say, "This is yet another assault on our way of life.
历史学家路易斯·布朗：你看到南方崛起说：“这是对我们生活方式的又一次攻击。
This cannot be."
这不可能。”
Narrator: With every headline, every petition, every controversy, the abolitionists were dragging the fight over slavery to the center of national life.
旁白：每一个头条新闻、每一次请愿、每一次争议，废奴主义者都将奴隶制斗争拖到了国家生活的中心。
And that fight was starting to tear the country apart.
这场斗争开始撕裂这个国家。
By the winter of 1845, Frederick Douglass had been touring the anti-slavery circuit for four years.
到 1845 年冬天，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 已经在反奴隶制巡回活动中巡回演出四年了。
As he contemplated his future, Douglass could imagine himself traveling forever in the shadow of his white mentors, repeating his story to small gatherings of the curious and the converted.
当道格拉斯思考自己的未来时，他可以想象自己永远在白人导师的阴影下旅行，向好奇者和皈依者的小型聚会重复他的故事。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): "Tell your story, Frederick," would whisper my friend, William Lloyd Garrison, as we stepped upon the platform.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：“讲述你的故事，弗雷德里克，”当我们走上讲台时，我的朋友威廉·劳埃德·加里森低声说道。
I could not always obey, for it did not satisfy me to simply narrate wrongs; I felt like denouncing them.
我不能总是服从，因为仅仅讲述错误并不能满足我；我很想谴责他们。
Besides, I was growing, and needed room.
此外，我正在成长，需要空间。
Narrator: That winter, Douglass decided to reach out to a vast new audience.
旁白：那年冬天，道格拉斯决定接触广大的新观众。
Throwing caution to the winds, he published the story of his life.
他不顾一切地发表了自己的人生故事。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): I was born in Tuckahoe, in Talbot County, Maryland.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：我出生在马里兰州塔尔伯特县的塔卡霍。
I have no accurate knowledge of my age.
我对自己的年龄没有准确的了解。
By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters to keep their slaves thus ignorant.
到目前为止，大部分奴隶对自己的年龄知之甚少，就像马对自己年龄的了解一样，大多数主人都希望让他们的奴隶保持这样的无知。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: It's an exposé about, of course, the horrible treatment of slaves.
埃里卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴（Erica Armstrong Dunbar），历史学家：这当然是对奴隶所遭受的可怕待遇的揭露。
It's also an example of how the institution of slavery not only degrades slaves, but it degrades the master.
这也是一个例子，说明奴隶制不仅贬低了奴隶，也贬低了主人。
Narrator: Douglass listed dates, places, and, most dangerous of all, his owner's name.
旁白：道格拉斯列出了日期、地点，以及最危险的，他的主人的名字。
One white friend read the document and advised Douglass to burn it.
一位白人朋友读了这份文件并建议道格拉斯烧掉它。
Should Douglass's owners want to reclaim their property, he warned, there was nothing anyone could do to protect him.
他警告说，如果道格拉斯的主人想要收回他们的财产，任何人都无法保护他。
Douglass would have none of it.
道格拉斯不会接受这些。
John Stauffer, Historian: It was truly a cultural event when he did publish it.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：当他出版这本书时，这确实是一次文化事件。
It was an immediate and an immense bestseller.
这本书立即成为畅销书。
That narrative was published in 1845.
该叙述于 1845 年出版。
By 1846 to 1847, Douglass was a household name in the United States.
1846 年至 1847 年间，道格拉斯在美国已是家喻户晓的名字。
Narrator: Among those who read the book was Douglass's owner, Thomas Auld.
旁白：读过这本书的人中有道格拉斯的主人托马斯·奥尔德。
He called Douglass a liar, and vowed to track him down and send him to the cotton fields of the Deep South.
他称道格拉斯是个骗子，发誓要找到他并将他送到南方腹地的棉田。
Douglass fled the country for Great Britain.
道格拉斯逃离该国前往英国。
There, he could carry on Garrison's campaign to isolate the South, by urging Britons to cut ties with American slaveholders.
在那里，他可以通过敦促英国人切断与美国奴隶主的联系来继续加里森孤立南方的运动。
The experience would change his life.
这段经历将改变他的生活。
John Stauffer, Historian: Douglass's time in Britain was the first time in his life where he experienced a dearth of racism.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：道格拉斯在英国的时光是他一生中第一次经历了很少的种族主义。
He could walk anywhere.
他可以步行去任何地方。
It was the first time where he could walk down the street and not have someone spit at him, not have someone scowl and call him a nigger.
这是他第一次走在街上，不会有人朝他吐口水，不会有人皱着眉头称他为黑鬼。
It was the first time he could walk into any public establishment and not have someone kick him out.
这是他第一次可以走进任何公共场所而不被人把他赶出去。
Narrator: As Douglass's Narrative became a bestseller, he was treated by his British hosts not just as an equal, but as a celebrity.
旁白：随着道格拉斯的叙述成为畅销书，英国东道主不仅将他视为平等的人，而且将其视为名人。
Most important of all, for the first time in his life, Douglass was free.
最重要的是，道格拉斯有生以来第一次获得了自由。
John Stauffer, Historian: His British sympathizers sent Thomas Auld a note saying, "We have your slave.
约翰·斯托弗，历史学家：他的英国同情者给托马斯·奥尔德发了一张纸条，上面写着：“我们抓到了你的奴隶。
Let's negotiate.
我们来谈判吧。
He's probably worth $1,500-2,000.
他的身价可能为 1,500-2,000 美元。
We'll give you $800.
我们会给你 800 美元。
Try to recover him." The Aulds agreed to it.
努力把他找回来。”奥尔德一家同意了。
So when Douglass returns to the United States he's legally free.
因此，当道格拉斯返回美国时，他在法律上是自由的。
Douglass loved England and Ireland and Scotland so much that he almost stayed there.
道格拉斯非常喜欢英格兰、爱尔兰和苏格兰，以至于他几乎呆在那里。
The only reason that he decided to return to the United States is because he felt a sense of responsibility and obligation to his fellow blacks.
他决定返回美国的唯一原因是他对黑人同胞有责任感和义务感。
Narrator: Douglass had fled the United States alone, a fugitive running for his life.
旁白：道格拉斯独自逃离美国，逃命。
When he left London to return home in the spring of 1847, 1,400 people came to see him off.
1847年春天，当他离开伦敦回国时，有1400人前来送行。
Shortly after landing in Boston, Douglass joined Garrison for a speaking tour of Ohio.
抵达波士顿后不久，道格拉斯与加里森一起前往俄亥俄州进行巡回演讲。
"I seem to have undergone a transformation," Douglass told his old mentor.
“我似乎经历了转变，”道格拉斯告诉他的老导师。
"I live a new life." At each stop, Garrison was reminded that his protégé was coming to eclipse him.
“我过上了新的生活。”每到一站，加里森都会被提醒，他的门生即将让他黯然失色。
At one of their first appearances, Garrison couldn't even finish his speech as the audience drowned him out with chants of “Douglass!
在他们第一次露面时，加里森甚至无法完成他的演讲，因为观众的呼喊声“道格拉斯！
Douglass!” And Douglass had a secret.
道格拉斯！”道格拉斯有一个秘密。
His friends in Britain had raised money so that he could launch his own anti-slavery newspaper.
他在英国的朋友筹集了资金，以便他能够创办自己的反奴隶制报纸。
He quickly realized that Garrison and his allies were vehemently opposed to the notion, so Douglass kept his old mentor in the dark.
他很快意识到加里森和他的盟友强烈反对这个想法，所以道格拉斯把他的老导师蒙在鼓里。
A few weeks into the tour, the relentless pace and grueling conditions began to tell on Garrison.
巡演几周后，无情的节奏和艰苦的条件开始影响加里森。
In Cleveland, he spoke to three large rallies in a single day, standing for hours in a cold rain.
在克利夫兰，他在一天内的三场大型集会上发表讲话，在寒冷的雨中站立了几个小时。
That evening, Garrison collapsed.
那天晚上，加里森崩溃了。
For three days, he was lost in a terrifying haze of fever and delirium.
三天来，他一直沉浸在发烧和精神错乱的可怕阴霾之中。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): My Dear Wife: I am going to try to write you a few lines with my own hand.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）： 我亲爱的妻子：我将尝试亲手给你写几行字。
I have lost 20 pounds, and am quite thin and weak ...
我已经瘦了20斤了，而且很瘦弱……
Narrator: Douglass reluctantly left Garrison in Cleveland, to finish the speaking tour on his own.
旁白：道格拉斯不情愿地离开克利夫兰的加里森，独自完成巡回演讲。
His secret leaked out shortly after he left Garrison on his sickbed.
在他离开加里森病床上后不久，他的秘密就泄露了。
John Stauffer, Historian: Garrison has to learn that his, this man that he mentored and his close friend, is leaving him, abandoning him.
约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer），历史学家：加里森必须知道，他的这个他指导过的人和他的亲密朋友正在离开他，抛弃他。
And Douglass doesn't even tell him first-hand.
道格拉斯甚至没有直接告诉他。
He saw himself as responsible as anyone for Douglass's success, for Douglass's fame, for Douglass's popularity.
他认为自己和任何人一样，对道格拉斯的成功、道格拉斯的名气、道格拉斯的受欢迎负有责任。
He never forgives Douglass.
他永远不会原谅道格拉斯。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): My Dear Wife: Is it not strange that Douglass has not written a single line to me since he left me on a bed of illness?
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）： 我亲爱的妻子：自从道格拉斯把我留在病床上后，他就没有给我写过任何一句话，这不奇怪吗？
In regard to his project for establishing a paper, he never spoke a word to me on the subject, nor asked my advice in any particular whatsoever.
关于他创办论文的计划，他从来没有和我说过一句话，也没有征求我的任何具体建议。
Such conduct grieves me to the heart.
这样的行为让我心痛不已。
Narrator: In the fall of 1847, a few weeks after leaving Garrison, Douglass moved to Rochester, New York.
旁白：1847 年秋天，离开加里森几周后，道格拉斯搬到了纽约州罗彻斯特。
Just over the border from Canada, Rochester was the last stop on the Underground Railroad, the network of safe houses used by slaves fleeing north to safety.
罗彻斯特就在加拿大边境附近，是地下铁路的最后一站，地下铁路是逃往北方安全的奴隶使用的安全屋网络。
The city's vibrant abolitionist community welcomed Douglass with open arms.
该市充满活力的废奴主义者社区张开双臂欢迎道格拉斯。
As soon as he arrived, Douglass set about producing his own paper, naming it after the most potent symbol of the Underground Railroad.
道格拉斯一抵达，就开始制作自己的报纸，并以地下铁路最有力的象征命名。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: Most fugitives, if they knew anything about the route to freedom, it was follow the North Star.
埃里卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴，历史学家：大多数逃亡者，如果他们知道通往自由的道路，那就是跟随北极星。
Douglass's location allows him to be very involved in the Underground Railroad.
道格拉斯的地理位置使他能够深入参与地下铁路。
He wrote that in the mornings he would come and find 10 or 11 fugitive slaves sitting on the doorstep waiting for him to arrive in his office so that he could help shuttle them to Canada.
他写道，早上他会发现 10 或 11 名逃亡奴隶坐在门口等待他到达他的办公室，以便他可以帮助将他们运送到加拿大。
Narrator: For the first few months, Douglass's newspaper hemorrhaged money.
旁白：最初几个月，道格拉斯的报纸赔钱了。
He had few subscribers, and no experience as either a printer or a businessman.
他的订户很少，也没有印刷工或商人的经验。
He mortgaged his house to pay his debts and looked about to give up when a friend arrived from Britain to help.
他抵押了自己的房子来偿还债务，正当他打算放弃时，一位朋友从英国赶来帮忙。
Julia Griffiths' editorial skills and business savvy kept The North Star afloat.
朱莉娅·格里菲斯的编辑技巧和商业头脑使《北极星》得以维持下去。
But her appearance in Rochester sparked rumors, and when she moved into Douglass's home those rumors blossomed into a full-blown scandal.
但她在罗切斯特的出现引发了谣言，当她搬进道格拉斯的家时，这些谣言发展成为全面的丑闻。
Douglass brushed the talk aside.
道格拉斯把这个话题放在一边。
He was invigorated in his new surroundings.
他在新的环境中充满了活力。
Far from Garrison's Boston headquarters, Douglass was free to explore the political, and even militant, anti-slavery strategies that were circulating in Rochester.
道格拉斯远离加里森的波士顿总部，可以自由地探索罗彻斯特流传的政治甚至激进的反奴隶制策略。
As he did so, he made the acquaintance of a man whose name he had heard in whispers, failed tanner and fervent abolitionist John Brown.
在这样做的过程中，他结识了一个在低声耳语中听到过的人，失败的坦纳和狂热的废奴主义者约翰·布朗。
Mary Brown (Denise Ellington): May I get you anything else, Mr. Douglass?
玛丽·布朗（丹尼斯·艾灵顿）：道格拉斯先生，我还可以给您找点别的东西吗？
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Thank you, no, Mrs. Brown.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：谢谢您，不，布朗夫人。
A meal like this is a rare pleasure these days.
如今能有这样的一顿饭，真是难得的享受。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): The pleasure is ours, Mr. Douglass.
莱德·史密斯）：道格拉斯先生，我们很高兴。
I'd hoped to meet you long before this.
早在这之前我就希望能见到你。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): Your speeches have been an inspiration to us.
Ryder Smith）：您的演讲给了我们很大的启发。
I do wonder, though, whether speeches will ever be enough.
但我确实想知道，演讲是否就足够了。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Freedom is a long road, Mr. Brown.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：自由是一条漫长的路，布朗先生。
I don't know any shortcuts.
我不知道有什么捷径。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): I do, Douglass.
莱德·史密斯）：我愿意，道格拉斯。
I do.
我愿意。
Sir -- God has placed these mountains here for a reason.
先生——上帝把这些山放在这里是有原因的。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): I know these mountains.
莱德史密斯）：我知道这些山。
From here, we can strike a blow against the slave masters.
从这里，我们就可以向奴隶主发起打击了。
The mountains are full of natural fords.
山上遍布天然浅滩。
One good man could hold off a hundred soldiers.
一善人能挡百兵。
My plan is to take handpicked men and post them in squads of fives on a line here.
我的计划是精心挑选人员，将他们分成五人一组，排成一排。
They come down off the mountains, raid the plantations, bring off the slaves, offer them a chance to fight.
他们从山上下来，袭击种植园，带走奴隶，为他们提供战斗的机会。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Sir, you have no idea -- the entire state of Virginia will rise up against you.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：先生，你不知道——整个弗吉尼亚州都会起来反对你。
They will fight you tooth and claw.
他们会用牙齿和爪子与你战斗。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): The colored people must fight back.
莱德·史密斯）：有色人种必须反击。
They will never respect themselves otherwise, nor will they be respected.
否则他们永远不会尊重自己，也不会受到尊重。
I read your book, sir.
我读过你的书，先生。
You said yourself, you became a man when you fought Mr. Covey.
你自己说过，当你与科维先生战斗时，你就成为了一个男人。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): I did.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我做到了。
But I was young and this is very different.
但我还年轻，这是非常不同的。
We must follow in our Savior's footsteps.
我们必须跟随我们救主的脚踪。
We must convert the sinner.
我们必须改变罪人。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): This is the sin, right here!
莱德·史密斯）：这就是罪孽，就在这里！
We sit here, all of us, debating this point of law, whether the Constitution says this or that, and in the meantime, day after day, year after year, the slaveholders are free to do their worst.
我们所有人都坐在这里，辩论法律的这一点，无论宪法是这样说还是那样说，与此同时，日复一日，年复一年，奴隶主可以自由地做出最坏的事情。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): But if we stoop to bloodshed, we are no better than they are.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：但如果我们屈服于流血，我们并不比他们好。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): You can preach for all eternity and nothing will change.
莱德·史密斯）：你可以永远传道，什么都不会改变。
Mr. Douglass, how many slaveholders have you converted?
道格拉斯先生，您已经改变了多少奴隶主的信仰？
How many slaves have you freed?
你释放了多少奴隶？
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: John Brown had a very beguiling personality.
布莱特，历史学家：约翰·布朗有着非常迷人的个性。
He was a stunning man.
他是一个令人惊叹的男人。
His sense of moral commitment was vivid and overwhelming.
他的道德承诺感是生动而压倒性的。
He was the real thing, and to a Frederick Douglass, he was also the real thing in terms of actually believing, about as deeply as anybody Douglass had ever met, in racial equality.
他是真实的，对于弗雷德里克·道格拉斯来说，他也是真正相信种族平等的人，与道格拉斯见过的任何人一样深信不疑。
Narrator: Soon after their meeting, Douglass described Brown in The North Star as someone who, "though a white gentleman, is as deeply interested in our cause as though his own soul had been pierced with the iron of slavery."
旁白：他们会面后不久，道格拉斯在《北极星》中将布朗描述为“虽然是一位白人绅士，但对我们的事业深感兴趣，就好像他自己的灵魂被奴隶制的铁钉刺穿一样”。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Slaveholders have forfeited even the right to live.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：奴隶主甚至丧失了生存权。
And if the slave should put every one of them to the sword tomorrow, who would say that they deserve anything less than death?
如果奴隶明天把他们每一个人都送上刀剑，谁会说他们不该死呢？
Narrator: As Douglass was meeting with John Brown, a chain of events was being set in motion that would transform the future of slavery, and of America.
旁白：当道格拉斯与约翰·布朗会面时，一系列事件正在启动，这些事件将改变奴隶制和美国的未来。
In the spring of 1846 the United States went to war with Mexico, hoping to gain vast territories in the Southwest.
1846年春，美国与墨西哥开战，希望获得西南部的大片领土。
Abolitionists bitterly opposed the war as an attempt to expand slave territory, but they were swept away by a national tide of patriotic enthusiasm.
废奴主义者强烈反对这场战争，认为这是扩大奴隶领土的企图，但他们被爱国热情的全国浪潮所席卷。
John Stauffer, Historian: The Mexican War ultimately increases the size of the United States by virtually 100 percent.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：墨西哥战争最终使美国的面积扩大了几乎 100%。
It almost doubles the size.
它的大小几乎增加了一倍。
And the big question is, "What are we gonna do with all this land acquired from Mexico?" Slave owners wanted it all to be slave territory.
最大的问题是，“我们将如何处理从墨西哥获得的所有土地？”奴隶主希望这一切都成为奴隶领土。
Anti-slavery Northerners all wanted it to be free territory.
反奴隶制的北方人都希望它成为自由领土。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: The Mexican War unshucked slavery.
布莱特，历史学家：墨西哥战争剥去了奴隶制。
It just took it out of its shell.
它只是把它从壳里拿出来。
All those efforts to contain this issue couldn't work any more.
所有这些遏制这一问题的努力都不再有效。
Narrator: While Southerners saw the expansion of slave territory as a guarantee that the institution would continue to thrive, Northerners viewed those plans as a conspiracy to build a true slave empire.
旁白：南方人将奴隶领土的扩张视为该制度继续繁荣的保证，而北方人则将这些计划视为建立真正的奴隶帝国的阴谋。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: Northerners become convinced that Southerners are hell-bent on moving slavery to every part of the country.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：北方人开始相信，南方人一心要把奴隶制转移到全国各地。
And now you have this political fight going on over what's gonna happen with that land.
现在，关于那块土地将会发生什么的政治斗争正在进行中。
And that becomes very, very divisive very quickly.
这很快就会变得非常非常分裂。
Narrator: Through 1847 and 1848, the question of the new territories festered.
旁白：从 1847 年到 1848 年，新领土问题不断恶化。
In the answer to that question lay the country's destiny.
这个问题的答案决定了国家的命运。
In the summer of 1849, the fight over slavery was suddenly eclipsed as cholera swept through cities across the country.
1849 年夏天，随着霍乱席卷全国各城市，围绕奴隶制的斗争突然黯然失色。
Incessant rains flooded the streets with sewage that spread the epidemic with terrifying speed.
连绵不断的降雨，污水淹没了街道，疫情以惊人的速度传播。
Outside Cincinnati, Harriet Beecher Stowe followed reports of the disease as it swept through the slums downtown.
在辛辛那提郊外，哈丽特·比彻·斯托关注着这种疾病席卷市中心贫民窟的报道。
Stowe had hoped to become a writer, but now she was too busy raising six young children on very little money.
斯托原本希望成为一名作家，但现在她正忙着靠很少的钱抚养六个年幼的孩子。
It was all she could do to send accounts of home life to her husband, who was working out of town for the summer.
她所能做的就是将家庭生活的记录发送给暑假在城外工作的丈夫。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil, audio): Yesterday, I went downtown and found all gloomy and discouraged.
Harriet Beecher Stowe（Kate Lyn Sheil，音频）：昨天，我去了市中心，发现一切都很阴郁和沮丧。
A universal panic seems to be drawing nearer than ever before.
普遍的恐慌似乎比以往任何时候都更加逼近。
Hearse drivers have scarce been allowed to unharness their horses.
灵车司机几乎不被允许解开马匹的缰绳。
Furniture carts and common vehicles are being employed for the removal of the dead.
家具车和普通车辆被用来转移死者。
Narrator: Stowe had every reason to hope that her family would be spared -- they lived far from the tenements where the poor were being decimated.
旁白：斯托完全有理由希望她的家人能够幸免——他们住的地方远离那些穷人被大量屠杀的公寓。
She kept the children close to home, and maintained a cheerful disposition.
她让孩子们离家近，保持着开朗的性格。
But at the beginning of July, Charley, Stowe's beloved little boy, was taken ill.
但七月初，斯托心爱的小男孩查理生病了。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: She called him her summer child.
赫德里克，历史学家：她称他为她的夏日之子。
Harriet wrote such glowing praise of Charley that her husband was actually disturbed by it.
哈丽特对查理的赞美如此之多，以至于她的丈夫实际上对此感到不安。
She said she never had such an easy time with a baby, and indeed it was the first baby she was able to nurse herself.
她说她从来没有和孩子一起度过过如此轻松的时光，事实上这是她第一个能够自己哺乳的孩子。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil, audio): I could not help, nor soothe, nor do one thing to mitigate his cruel suffering -- do nothing but pray that he might die soon.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托（凯特·林·谢尔，音频）：我无能为力，也无法安抚，也无法做任何一件事来减轻他的残酷痛苦——除了祈祷他早日死去之外，什么也不做。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: It was a terrible disease.
历史学家赫德里克：这是一种可怕的疾病。
You lost all the fluids in your body, you were wracked by convulsions, and there was nothing that anybody could do.
你失去了体内所有的液体，你被抽搐所折磨，任何人都无能为力。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil, audio): At last, it is over and our dear little one is gone from us.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托（Kate Lyn Sheil，音频）：最后，一切都结束了，我们亲爱的小宝贝离开了我们。
My Charley -- my baby, so loving and sweet, so full of life and hope and strength -- now lies shrouded, pale, and cold in the room below.
我的查理——我的宝贝，如此可爱、如此可爱，如此充满生机、希望和力量——现在躺在下面的房间里，面色苍白、寒冷。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: In the Calvinist scheme of things, if God sent you suffering it was because he loved you and he wanted to teach you something.
赫德里克，历史学家：按照加尔文主义的观点，如果上帝给你带来苦难，那是因为他爱你，他想教你一些东西。
Stowe later wrote that there were circumstances of such great bitterness about the manner of his death that she didn't think she could ever be reconciled for it unless his death allowed her to do the some great good to others.
斯托后来写道，他的死亡方式让她感到非常痛苦，以至于她认为自己永远不会甘心，除非他的死让她能够为他人做一些伟大的好事。
Narrator: For Harriet Beecher Stowe, the wound of Charley's death would never heal.
旁白：对于哈丽特·比彻·斯托来说，查理之死的创伤永远无法愈合。
Rather, she came to understand the pain of mothers she would never know.
相反，她开始理解她永远不会了解的母亲的痛苦。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil, audio): It was at his dying bed, and at his grave, that I learned what a poor slave mother may feel when her child is torn away from her.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托（凯特·林·谢尔，音频）：正是在他临终的床上，在他的坟墓上，我了解到一个可怜的奴隶母亲在她的孩子被强行从她身边夺走时的感受。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: She was really fueled by the grief for her baby, but I suspect, too, perhaps, anger at a Calvinist God.
赫德里克，历史学家：她确实因对孩子的悲伤而更加激动，但我怀疑，也许是对加尔文教上帝的愤怒。
The writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin would be Harriet's way of making her baby's short life mean something.
写《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是哈丽特让她孩子的短暂生命变得有意义的一种方式。
Narrator: In the spring of 1850, the question of the territories seized in the Mexican War finally exploded in the gravest crisis in the nation's history.
旁白：1850年春天，墨西哥战争中夺取领土的问题终于在国家历史上最严重的危机中爆发。
California wanted to be admitted to the Union as a free state.
加利福尼亚希望作为一个自由州加入联邦。
If that happened, the balance of power in Washington would shift against the slave states.
如果发生这种情况，华盛顿的权力平衡将转向对蓄奴州不利的方向。
Southerners perceived a mortal threat, and talked openly of secession.
南方人感受到了致命的威胁，并公开谈论分裂国家。
Representatives brandished revolvers in the halls of Congress, and the nation contemplated the imminent collapse of the Union.
代表们在国会大厅里挥舞着左轮手枪，全国人民都在考虑联邦即将崩溃。
For Garrison and many other abolitionists, it seemed that the Slave Power might finally suffer a fatal blow.
对于加里森和许多其他废奴主义者来说，奴隶势力似乎最终可能会遭受致命的打击。
But in the fall of 1850, the country stepped back from the brink, when Congress adopted what became known as "The Great Compromise." In return for allowing California to join the Union as a free state, Southerners were granted the prospect of someday forming slave states in Utah and New Mexico.
但在 1850 年秋天，国会通过了所谓的“伟大妥协”，国家从崩溃的边缘退了一步。作为允许加利福尼亚作为自由州加入联邦的回报，南方人有可能有一天在犹他州和新墨西哥州建立蓄奴州。
But for Northerners, the most galling provision in the Compromise was the Fugitive Slave Law.
但对于北方人来说，妥协案中最令人恼火的条款是《逃亡奴隶法》。
The law stipulated that any citizen, North or South, could be rounded up and forced to catch a suspected runaway.
法律规定，任何公民，无论北方还是南方，都可能被围捕并被迫抓捕涉嫌逃亡的人。
John Stauffer, Historian: Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 virtually legitimates the kidnapping of free blacks.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗 (John Stauffer)：1850 年的《逃亡奴隶法》实际上使绑架自由黑人合法化。
It means that a Southerner can hunt down any black in free soil and say, "You're my slave." And most significantly, in one sense, any white can be deputized at any moment, day or night, and is required to help round up the suspected fugitive slave.
这意味着南方人可以在自由的土地上追捕任何黑人，并说：“你是我的奴隶。”最重要的是，从某种意义上说，任何白人都可以在任何时候、白天或晚上担任代表，并被要求帮助围捕涉嫌逃亡的奴隶。
Narrator: When the Compromise was finally sealed in late September, abolitionists were horrified.
旁白：当九月下旬妥协最终敲定时，废奴主义者感到震惊。
Twenty years of struggle had yielded not emancipation but a million more slaves, and a political agreement to preserve the institution in the United States forever.
二十年的斗争并没有带来解放，而是带来了更多的一百万奴隶，并达成了永久保留美国这一制度的政治协议。
The petitions, the campaigns, the rallies, the marches, the meetings and resolutions and fundraisers, the mobs, the beatings -- all of the sacrifices had been suddenly dealt away by a handful of men in Washington.
请愿、竞选、集会、游行、会议、决议、筹款活动、暴徒、殴打——所有的牺牲都突然被华盛顿的一小撮人处理掉了。
As a final insult, abolitionists were cast as villains who had almost torn the nation apart.
作为最后的侮辱，废奴主义者被塑造成几乎撕裂国家的恶棍。
The New York Globe urged that, "No public building, not even the streets, must be desecrated by such a gathering of traitors." It became dangerous once again to speak out against slavery.
《纽约环球报》敦促称，“任何公共建筑，甚至街道，都不能被这样的叛徒聚集所亵渎。”公开反对奴隶制再次变得危险。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: You've just had a huge blow to your belief that somehow you're going to end slavery in this country by appealing to the Christian soul of the country.
布莱特，历史学家：你的信念刚刚受到了巨大的打击，你相信你将通过吸引这个国家的基督教灵魂来结束这个国家的奴隶制。
What the country just said, from the heart of the government, is that slavery is forever.
这个国家刚才说的，是政府发自内心的，奴隶制是永远的。
This radicalizes the anti-slavery movement, arguably more than anything that had ever happened before.
这使得反奴隶制运动更加激进，可以说比以前发生过的任何事情都更加激进。
Narrator: The crisis convinced Garrison that he needed to redouble his efforts.
旁白：这场危机让加里森相信他需要加倍努力。
From Boston, he directed an energetic campaign of meetings, petitions, and publicity.
他在波士顿领导了一场充满活力的会议、请愿和宣传运动。
But for many abolitionists, Garrison's old tactics seemed hopelessly inadequate.
但对于许多废奴主义者来说，加里森的旧策略似乎完全不够。
Frederick Douglass, for one, had begun to question his own faith in a peaceful end to slavery and in American democracy itself.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯就是其中之一，他开始质疑自己对和平结束奴隶制和美国民主本身的信念。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Your boasted liberty is an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯饰）：你所吹嘘的自由是一种邪恶的放纵；你的民族伟大，虚荣心膨胀；你们对自由和平等的呼喊，是空洞的嘲弄。
Your prayers and hymns are fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages.
你们的祈祷和赞美诗是欺诈、欺骗、不虔诚和虚伪——一层薄薄的面纱来掩盖会使一个野蛮国家蒙羞的罪行。
There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour.
此时此刻，地球上没有任何一个国家所犯下的罪行比美国人民更令人震惊和血腥。
It is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder.
需要的不是光，而是火；这不是细雨，而是雷声。
We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake.
我们需要风暴、旋风和地震。
Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian: Douglass needs for slavery to be eradicated, and he needs it to happen as quickly as possible.
埃里卡·阿姆斯特朗·邓巴，历史学家：道格拉斯需要根除奴隶制，而且他需要尽快实现这一目标。
In many ways he reflects this for the rest of black America, that while Garrisonian tactics were just, earnest, they simply were not options that he thought would eventually lead to the end of slavery.
他在很多方面向美国其他黑人反映了这一点，即虽然加里森的策略是公正、认真的，但他认为这些策略根本不会最终导致奴隶制的结束。
Lois Brown, Historian: On the one level, you hate to reduce it to race.
洛伊丝·布朗（Lois Brown），历史学家：一方面，你讨厌将其简化为种族。
On the other, it's a reality.
另一方面，这是现实。
No matter how many stories Garrison hears, no matter how many coffles he sees, no matter how many mothers he can imagine and conjure up, Douglass has had that experience.
无论加里森听到多少故事，无论他看到多少咖啡杯，无论他能想象和召唤出多少母亲，道格拉斯都有过这样的经历。
Garrison is a white man in a white man's America.
加里森是白人美国的白人。
Narrator: When Douglass questioned Garrison's doctrines at a meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society, he was branded an enemy.
旁白：当道格拉斯在反奴隶制协会的一次会议上质疑加里森的学说时，他被贴上了敌人的标签。
A volley of insults and allegations appeared in The Liberator .
《解放者》中出现了一连串的侮辱和指控。
Douglass struck back, accusing Garrison of racism.
道格拉斯反击，指责加里森种族歧视。
The final blow came when Garrison published ugly insinuations about an affair between Douglass and Julia Griffiths.
当加里森发表了关于道格拉斯和朱莉娅·格里菲斯之间的风流韵事的丑陋暗示时，最后的打击来了。
Manisha Sinha, Historian: Garrison has hit Douglass below the belt.
马尼沙·辛哈 (Manisha Sinha)，历史学家：加里森对道格拉斯进行了打击。
It's like a family quarrel where they're airing each other's dirty laundry, and it's not a pretty sight.
这就像一场家庭争吵，他们互相晾晒对方的脏衣服，这可不是什么好看的景象。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Mr. Garrison has seen fit to invade my household, and has sought to blast me in the name of my family.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：加里森先生认为入侵我的家庭是合适的，并试图以我家人的名义对我进行轰炸。
Narrator: Griffiths would eventually bow to the pressure, and move back to England.
旁白：格里菲斯最终屈服于压力，搬回了英国。
But for the remainder of the 1850s, William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass would not speak to each other.
但在 1850 年代剩余的时间里，威廉·劳埃德·加里森和弗雷德里克·道格拉斯不再互相交谈。
Not long after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, a runaway knocked on the door of a house in Brunswick, Maine.
《逃亡奴隶法》通过后不久，一名逃亡者敲开了缅因州布伦瑞克一所房子的门。
As fate would have it, he had come upon the new home of Harriet Beecher Stowe and her family, including a newborn named after the baby they had buried in Cincinnati.
命运造就了他，他来到了哈里特·比彻·斯托及其家人的新家，其中包括一个以他们埋葬在辛辛那提的婴儿命名的新生儿。
Stowe was well aware of the punishment facing anyone who helped a runaway, but she was glad of the opportunity to defy the government.
斯托很清楚任何帮助逃亡者所面临的惩罚，但她很高兴有机会反抗政府。
"Before this law, I might have tried to send him somewhere else," she wrote her sister.
“在这项法律出台之前，我可能会试图把他送到其他地方，”她写信给姐姐。
"As it was, all hands in the house united in making him up a bed." Like many Northerners, Stowe was deeply disturbed by the Fugitive Slave Law.
“事实上，家里的所有人都齐心协力为他准备了一张床。”和许多北方人一样，斯托对《逃亡奴隶法》深感不安。
For her, its cruelty was all too real -- every account of flight, of capture, tore at the agonizing memory of Charley's death.
对她来说，它的残酷是太真实了——每一次关于逃跑、被捕的描述，都撕扯着查理之死的痛苦记忆。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil, audio): My heart breaks at the cruelty and injustice our nation inflicts on the slave.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托（凯特·林·谢尔，音频）：我们的国家对奴隶施加的残酷和不公正让我心碎。
I am tormented by the thought of the slave mothers whose babes are torn from them.
一想到那些婴儿被强行夺走的奴隶母亲，我就感到痛苦。
I pray to God to let me do a little, and to cause my cry for them to be heard.
我祈求上帝让我做一点事情，让我的呼声能够被听到。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: Leaving Cincinnati allowed Harriet to look back at those 18 years there and to process that experience of the slave riots, Charley's death, the Fugitive Slave Law, and it all came together in a vision.
赫德里克，历史学家：离开辛辛那提让哈丽特回顾了在那里的 18 年，并处理了奴隶骚乱、查理之死、逃亡奴隶法的经历，所有这些都汇集在一个愿景中。
Instead of Christ on the cross, she saw an image of a slave being whipped and she wrote the ending of Uncle Tom's Cabin , when Uncle Tom dies.
她看到的不是十字架上的基督，而是一个奴隶被鞭打的图像，当汤姆叔叔去世时，她写下了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的结局。
And when she read it to her family they were all crying and they said, "Mama, you've got to write the rest of the story."
当她把它读给家人听时，他们都哭了，他们说：“妈妈，你必须写下故事的其余部分。”
Narrator: On March 20th, 1852, a publisher released a book on a difficult subject by an unknown author.
旁白：1852 年 3 月 20 日，一家出版商出版了一本由一位不知名作者撰写的关于困难主题的书。
By the end of the week, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel about the evils of slavery had sold 10,000 copies; within two months, 50,000.
截至本周末，哈丽特·比彻·斯托关于奴隶制罪恶的小说已售出 10,000 册；两个月之内，五万。
Three paper mills feeding three printing presses running 24 hours a day, and still the publisher couldn't keep up.
三个造纸厂为三台每天 24 小时运行的印刷机提供原料，而出版商仍然跟不上。
Soon, Uncle Tom's Cabin began reaching vast new audiences, including many who had never read a novel, when it was adapted as a wildly popular play.
很快，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》被改编成广受欢迎的戏剧后，开始吸引大量新观众，其中包括许多从未读过小说的人。
In Uncle Tom's Cabin , Harriet Beecher Stowe made millions of Americans see slavery for the first time through the eyes of its victims: the mother whose child was to be sold away, the boy watching helplessly as his sister is whipped, the runaway Eliza fleeing with her baby across the Ohio River, only one step ahead of the slave catchers.
在《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中，哈丽特·比彻·斯托让数百万美国人第一次从受害者的角度看待奴隶制：孩子被卖掉的母亲，男孩无助地看着妹妹被鞭打，逃亡的伊丽莎带着孩子越过俄亥俄河，只比奴隶捕手领先一步。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: And it was said that when the novel was put on stage at the National Theatre in New York, there was not one dry eye when Eliza reached the other side of the river.
历史学家赫德里克：据说，当这部小说在纽约国家剧院上演时，当伊丽莎到达河对岸时，没有人干眼。
And Harriet knew that if she could get that response from her readers, she didn't need to make arguments about slavery.
哈丽特知道，如果她能得到读者的回应，她就不需要就奴隶制进行争论。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: She realizes that the way to do this was by playing on the heartstrings.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：她意识到做到这一点的方法是触动心弦。
You don't do it by playing on the outrage.
你不能通过利用愤怒来做到这一点。
You do it by convincing them that there are human beings in peril.
你可以通过让他们相信人类正处于危险之中来做到这一点。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): Mrs. Stowe has walked with lighted candle through the darkest corners of the slave's soul, and had unfolded the secrets of the slave's lacerated heart.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：斯托夫人手持点燃的蜡烛走过了奴隶灵魂最黑暗的角落，揭开了奴隶被撕裂的心灵的秘密。
That contribution to our bleeding cause, alone, involves us in a debt of gratitude which cannot be measured.
仅凭这一对我们流血事业的贡献，就让我们欠下无法估量的感激之情。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: It is the most popular book and the most influential book in American history.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：这是美国历史上最受欢迎和最有影响力的书。
There is no there is no competition for that title.
这个头衔没有竞争。
It's going to convert millions of Americans, not to being for immediate abolitionism, not to being for racial equality, but for being against slavery.
它将改变数以百万计的美国人，不是支持立即废奴主义，不是支持种族平等，而是反对奴隶制。
Now that's a huge thing.
现在这是一件大事。
That's a sea change.
这是一个巨大的变化。
Joan D.
琼·D.
Hedrick, Historian: You can see Stowe taking aim at the Fugitive Slave Law in incident after incident, and basically urging her readers to defy what she thought was an anti-Christian, un-democratic law.
赫德里克，历史学家：你可以看到斯托在一次又一次的事件中针对《逃亡奴隶法》，并基本上敦促她的读者藐视她认为是反基督教、非民主的法律。
Narrator: William Lloyd Garrison attended a performance of the play in New York, and marveled at the response of toughs in the front rows.
旁白：威廉·劳埃德·加里森在纽约观看了该剧的演出，并对前排强人的反应感到惊讶。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): Oh, it was a sight worth seeing: Those ragged, coatless men and boys in the pit -- the very material of which mobs are made -- cheering the strongest and sublimest anti-slavery sentiments!
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）：哦，这是一个值得一看的景象：坑里那些衣衫褴褛、光着膀子的男人和男孩——正是暴民的组成材料——欢呼着最强烈、最崇高的反奴隶制情绪！
Narrator: Uncle Tom's Cabin triggered a wave of defiance to the Fugitive Slave Law.
旁白：汤姆叔叔的小屋引发了一场反抗逃亡奴隶法的浪潮。
Armed mobs broke into jails to release fugitives, and even murdered slave catchers.
武装暴徒闯入监狱释放逃犯，甚至谋杀奴隶捕手。
And in the spring of 1854 this wave of resistance came to a head, when the national battle over slavery suddenly focused on a solitary prisoner in Boston's city jail.
1854 年春天，这波抵抗浪潮达到了顶峰，全国范围内关于奴隶制的斗争突然集中在波士顿市监狱中的一名孤独囚犯身上。
Anthony Burns had fled Virginia and slavery by stowing away on a ship bound for the North.
安东尼·伯恩斯 (Anthony Burns) 偷渡到一艘开往北方的船上，逃离了弗吉尼亚州和奴隶制。
He had avoided capture for months, until a letter home revealed his whereabouts.
几个月来，他一直没有被捕，直到一封家书透露了他的下落。
When news of the arrest filtered out, Boston erupted in anger.
当逮捕的消息传出时，波士顿爆发了愤怒。
While one group tried to halt the proceedings through legal maneuvers, black and white activists mounted a desperate assault on the courthouse where Burns was being held.
当一个团体试图通过法律手段阻止诉讼程序时，黑人和白人活动人士对关押伯恩斯的法院发起了绝望的袭击。
The attack was driven back by club-wielding policemen, but not before a guard was shot and killed.
袭击被挥舞棍棒的警察击退，但一名警卫被枪杀。
When the sun rose the next morning, Burns was still in jail, and the city was seething.
第二天早上太阳升起时，伯恩斯还在监狱里，整座城市都沸腾了。
When news of the upheaval reached Washington, President Franklin Pierce -- an ardent Southern sympathizer -- demonstrated the government's resolve.
当剧变的消息传到华盛顿时，南方的热心同情者富兰克林·皮尔斯总统表明了政府的决心。
On June 2nd, 1854, all Boston watched as hundreds of U.S. Marines, cavalry, infantry, and artillery, along with the county militia and the Boston police, marched Anthony Burns from the jail to a ship waiting in the harbor.
1854 年 6 月 2 日，整个波士顿都目睹了数百名美国海军陆战队、骑兵、步兵和炮兵以及县民兵和波士顿警察将安东尼·伯恩斯从监狱押送到停泊在港口的一艘船上。
Lois Brown, Historian: For Garrison, the work of abolition was about trying to make people come to a moment of conscience, and act accordingly.
洛伊丝·布朗，历史学家：对于加里森来说，废除死刑的工作就是试图让人们意识到良知，并采取相应的行动。
But one has to see the Devil in order to then turn towards God.
但人必须看到魔鬼才能转向上帝。
One has to see evil in order to be committed to a life of good.
一个人必须看到邪恶才能致力于美好的生活。
Slavery marches right up into Massachusetts and now Northerners get to see the face of evil.
奴隶制一直蔓延到马萨诸塞州，现在北方人看到了邪恶的面孔。
Narrator: It seemed that the United States was committed to the preservation of slavery.
旁白：美国似乎致力于维护奴隶制。
Abolitionists were losing hope.
废奴主义者正在失去希望。
They couldn't see that already they had shifted history.
他们看不到他们已经改变了历史。
By refusing to disappear, to be silenced, to accommodate, they had forced millions of Americans to take a stand on slavery, one way or the other.
通过拒绝消失、沉默、迁就，他们迫使数百万美国人以某种方式对奴隶制采取立场。
The ties between North and South had been replaced by resentment and suspicion.
南北之间的联系已被怨恨和猜疑所取代。
Many wondered whether the Union itself could survive.
许多人想知道联盟本身是否能够生存。
Garrison, Douglass, Stowe, and their fellow abolitionists couldn't know it, but their long struggle had passed a tipping point.
加里森、道格拉斯、斯托和他们的废奴主义者同胞们可能不知道，但他们的长期斗争已经过了一个转折点。
Narrator: On the evening of July 4th, 1854, an immense crowd gathered on the Boston Common to celebrate the 78th anniversary of American independence.
旁白：1854年7月4日晚上，一大群人聚集在波士顿公园庆祝美国独立78周年。
There was almost no one left to remember the Revolution.
几乎没有人记得革命。
As those years of turmoil and hardship passed from living memory into myth, the Union itself came to seem ever more precious.
随着那些年的动乱和艰辛从人们的记忆中变成神话，联邦本身似乎变得更加珍贵。
Meanwhile, a few miles outside the city, anti-slavery activists marked the occasion in a very different spirit.
与此同时，在城外几英里处，反奴隶制活动人士以一种截然不同的精神纪念这一时刻。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): The government is in the hands of the party demagogues, who are the tools of the Slave Power.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫饰）：政府掌握在政党煽动者手中，他们是奴隶权力的工具。
Corruption is general, constitutional restraints are as cobwebs.
腐败现象普遍存在，宪法的限制如同蜘蛛网。
The representatives are the betrayers of the people.
代表们是人民的背叛者。
Narrator: William Lloyd Garrison had been waging war against slavery for 25 years, but tonight, victory seemed inconceivable.
旁白：威廉·劳埃德·加里森（William Lloyd Garrison）为反对奴隶制发动了 25 年的战争，但今晚，胜利似乎不可思议。
Just a few weeks earlier, the president of the United States had sent a massive detachment of federal troops to Boston, all to return a lone runaway slave to captivity.
就在几周前，美国总统派遣了一支庞大的联邦部队前往波士顿，所有这些都是为了将一名落单的逃亡奴隶送回监狱。
For Garrison, it was yet more proof that the Republic itself had been corrupted at birth, its original sin implanted in a founding document written largely by slaveholders.
对于加里森来说，这进一步证明了共和国本身在诞生之初就已经腐败，它的原罪被植入了一份主要由奴隶主撰写的建国文件中。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): This -- the Constitution of the United States of America -- is the source and parent of all the other atrocities: "a covenant with death, and an agreement with Hell." So perish all compromises with tyranny!
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫）：这——美利坚合众国宪法——是所有其他暴行的根源和根源：“与死亡的契约，与地狱的协议。”所以，一切与暴政的妥协都将被消灭！
And let all the people say, "Amen."
愿众民都说：“阿们。”
Narrator: Garrison had launched his crusade in 1829.
旁白：加里森于 1829 年发起了他的十字军东征。
Since then the slave population of the United States had doubled to four million.
从那时起，美国的奴隶人口增加了一倍，达到四百万。
The Compromise of 1850 had strengthened the grip of slaveholders over the federal government, and introduced the notorious Fugitive Slave Law.
1850 年的妥协加强了奴隶主对联邦政府的控制，并出台了臭名昭著的逃亡奴隶法。
And now, a new battleground was opening up, on America's western frontier.
现在，一个新的战场正在美国西部边境展开。
Northerners and Southerners had come to believe that the nation's destiny would be determined there, as new territories were admitted to the Union as either slave or free states.
北方人和南方人开始相信，国家的命运将在那里决定，因为新的领土要么作为奴隶州，要么作为自由州加入联邦。
In 1855, the flashpoint was Kansas.
1855年，冲突的爆发点是堪萨斯州。
Partisans on each side of the struggle perceived a mortal threat: whichever way Kansas went, the territories further west would likely go the same way.
斗争双方的游击队都感受到了致命的威胁：无论堪萨斯州走向何方，更西边的领土很可能也会走同样的路。
Congress had decided to let the settlers in Kansas decide the question for themselves.
国会决定让堪萨斯州的定居者自己决定这个问题。
The result was mayhem.
结果造成了混乱。
Tony Horwitz, Author: In the summer of 1855, Kansas has really become the front line in the conflict over slavery.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：1855 年夏天，堪萨斯州真正成为奴隶制冲突的前线。
Pro-slavery forces really have the upper hand.
亲奴隶制势力确实占据了上风。
They're bullying and intimidating and sometimes killing Northern settlers.
他们欺凌和恐吓北方定居者，有时甚至杀害他们。
Narrator: Many abolitionists wondered if their pacifist ideals were misguided, whether the conflict had entered a new and violent phase.
旁白：许多废奴主义者想知道他们的和平主义理想是否被误导了，冲突是否进入了一个新的暴力阶段。
One of them had no doubt.
其中一人毫不怀疑。
John Brown had never put much stock in Garrison's talk of peace and persuasion -- "milk and water" abolitionism, he called it.
约翰·布朗从来不太相信加里森关于和平与说服的言论——他称之为“牛奶和水”废奴主义。
And now, at last, John Brown was on his way to war, in Kansas.
现在，约翰·布朗终于踏上了前往堪萨斯州的战争之路。
Over the years, Brown had attracted a network of abolitionist supporters.
多年来，布朗吸引了废奴主义者的支持者网络。
As he headed west from his home in upstate New York, he collected money and weapons for the fight.
当他从纽约州北部的家向西行进时，他为战斗筹集了资金和武器。
Among those who contributed was the most famous black man in America, the ex-slave Frederick Douglass.
其中贡献者包括美国最著名的黑人，前奴隶弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
"While I will continue to write and speak against slavery," Douglass wrote, "I have become less hopeful of its peaceful abolition.
道格拉斯写道：“虽然我将继续撰写和发表反对奴隶制的文章，但我对和平废除奴隶制的希望越来越小。
I welcome any new mode of attack upon the slave system."
我欢迎任何针对奴隶制度的新攻击方式。”
Tony Horwitz, Author: Brown is almost a battering ram of a human being.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：布朗几乎是人类的攻城槌。
He has a moral strength and clarity that cuts through the cant about slavery.
他的道德力量和清晰度足以消除有关奴隶制的黑话。
And I think this is very appealing to anti-slavery Northerners who are really giving up almost on the political system and on nonviolent resistance.
我认为这对反奴隶制的北方人非常有吸引力，他们实际上几乎放弃了政治制度和非暴力抵抗。
Narrator: By the time Brown left Ohio for the last leg of the journey to eastern Kansas, he had gathered a formidable arsenal of rifles, pistols, and broadswords.
旁白：当布朗离开俄亥俄州前往堪萨斯州东部的最后一段旅程时，他已经收集了一支强大的步枪、手枪和大刀武器库。
"We believe the great victory will follow before long," he wrote home to his wife.
“我们相信，伟大的胜利不久就会到来，”他在给妻子的信中写道。
But John Brown's long and bloody struggle was just beginning.
但约翰·布朗漫长而血腥的斗争才刚刚开始。
On the 21st of May, 1856, a posse of 800 Southerners surrounded the free soil capital of Lawrence, Kansas.
1856 年 5 月 21 日，800 名南方人包围了自由土地首府堪萨斯州劳伦斯。
They flew a blood-red flag on which was inscribed "Southern Rights." Over the course of the day they sacked the town, while the inhabitants fled.
他们飘扬着一面血红色的旗帜，上面写着“南方权利”。一天之内，他们洗劫了这座城镇，而居民则逃离了。
News of the guerilla war flaring in Kansas became the talk of the nation.
堪萨斯州爆发游击战的消息成为全国的热门话题。
Northerners began sending clothing and food to the embattled free-soil settlers.
北方人开始向陷入困境的自由土地定居者运送衣物和食物。
In Washington, anti-slavery Senator Charles Sumner decried the spread of slavery to Kansas and accused Southerners of "raping and plundering the virgin territory." South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks took offense.
在华盛顿，反奴隶制参议员查尔斯·萨姆纳谴责奴隶制向堪萨斯州蔓延，并指责南方人“强奸和掠夺这片处女地”。南卡罗来纳州国会议员普雷斯顿·布鲁克斯对此感到愤怒。
On the floor of the United States Senate, Brooks beat Sumner with the gold head of his heavy cane as Sumner struggled to free himself from his desk.
在美国参议院的地板上，布鲁克斯用他沉重的手杖的金头殴打萨姆纳，而萨姆纳则挣扎着从办公桌上挣脱出来。
Finally, blinded by his own blood, Sumner collapsed into the aisle, and lost consciousness.
最后，萨姆纳被自己的血弄瞎了眼睛，倒在过道上，失去了知觉。
Brooks continued beating him until his cane broke.
布鲁克斯继续殴打他，直到他的手杖折断。
Sumner would never fully recover.
萨姆纳永远无法完全康复。
Newspapers across the South celebrated the assault, but when news of the incident reached John Brown's encampment in Kansas, he and his followers were enraged.
南方各地的报纸都对这次袭击事件进行了庆祝，但当这一事件的消息传到约翰·布朗位于堪萨斯州的营地时，他和他的追随者感到愤怒。
When someone urged caution, Brown replied, "Caution, caution ...
当有人敦促小心时，布朗回答说：“小心，小心......
It is nothing but the word of cowardice." On the night of May 24th, 1856, Brown and four of his sons dragged five pro-slavery men from their cabins, and hacked them to pieces with broadswords.
这只不过是懦弱的话而已。” 1856 年 5 月 24 日晚上，布朗和他的四个儿子从他们的小屋里拖出五名支持奴隶制的人，并用大刀将他们砍成碎片。
Tony Horwitz, Author: Brown is not simply evening the score in Kansas.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：布朗不仅仅是在堪萨斯扳平比分。
He's really also trying to strike terror into the hearts of pro-slavery settlers.
他实际上还试图让支持奴隶制的定居者感到恐惧。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: This is God's punishment.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平，历史学家：这是上帝的惩罚。
This is not the punishment of man.
这不是对人的惩罚。
They're not gonna be hung.
他们不会被绞死的。
They're going to be murdered.
他们会被谋杀。
They're going to be butchered, because that's Old Testament retribution.
他们将被屠杀，因为那是旧约的报应。
Tony Horwitz, Author: Pottawatomie scares, but also enrages, pro-slavery forces who don't need much incitement to violence.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：波塔瓦托米让不需要太多煽动暴力的支持奴隶制势力感到恐惧，但也激怒了他们。
They've already been committing it, and now it's let loose the dogs of war.
他们已经这么做了，现在又放出了战犬。
It's at this point that Kansas becomes known as "Bleeding Kansas."
正是在这一点上，堪萨斯州被称为“流血的堪萨斯州”。
Narrator: After the massacre, Brown and his followers hid out in the wilderness, resurfacing occasionally to battle pro-slavery forces.
旁白：大屠杀之后，布朗和他的追随者躲在荒野中，偶尔重新出现与支持奴隶制的势力作战。
At the beginning of October 1856, he left Kansas for the East to gather more money and weapons.
1856 年 10 月初，他离开堪萨斯前往东部收集更多的金钱和武器。
It was on a covert swing through Boston that John Brown finally met William Lloyd Garrison for the first time.
正是在穿越波士顿的秘密秋千上，约翰·布朗终于第一次见到了威廉·劳埃德·加里森。
The pacifist printer chastised Brown for his role in the Pottawatomie killings, and insisted that nonviolence was still the only path to victory.
这位和平主义印刷商谴责布朗在波塔瓦托米屠杀中所扮演的角色，并坚称非暴力仍然是通往胜利的唯一途径。
Garrison would have been even more wary had he known the full extent of Brown's plans.
如果加里森知道布朗计划的全部内容，他会更加警惕。
"I will carry the war into Africa," Brown had told his son.
“我将把战争带入非洲，”布朗告诉他的儿子。
"Africa" was their code word for the slaveholding South.
“非洲”是他们对蓄奴南方的代号。
On the morning of March 7th, 1857, the papers brought stunning news.
1857 年 3 月 7 日早上，报纸上带来了令人震惊的消息。
Out of the blue, the Supreme Court had radically altered not just the battle over slavery, but the status of every black person in America.
出乎意料的是，最高法院不仅从根本上改变了奴隶制之争，而且改变了美国每个黑人的地位。
The case had seemed inconsequential: a Missouri slave named Dred Scott wanted the court to set him free, because his master had taken him to live in Illinois and then Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was illegal.
这个案子似乎无关紧要：密苏里州的一个名叫德雷德·斯科特的奴隶希望法院释放他，因为他的主人把他带到伊利诺伊州，然后是威斯康星州，在那里奴隶制是非法的。
Chief Justice Roger Taney saw the case as an opportunity to settle the question of slavery once and for all.
首席大法官罗杰·塔尼将此案视为一劳永逸解决奴隶制问题的机会。
In a sweeping decision, Taney ruled that Congress had no authority to prevent the spread of slavery to the territories.
在一项全面的决定中，坦尼裁定国会无权阻止奴隶制向这些领土蔓延。
Most ominously for free blacks like Frederick Douglass, Taney wrote that, "blacks were so far inferior they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect," and that, "any free black might lawfully be reduced to slavery, for his benefit."
对于像弗雷德里克·道格拉斯这样的自由黑人来说，最不祥的是，坦尼写道，“黑人地位低下，他们没有白人必须尊重的权利”，并且“任何自由黑人都可以为了自己的利益而合法地沦为奴隶”。
John Stauffer, Historian: The Dred Scott decision had the potential to legalize slavery everywhere in the United States.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：德雷德·斯科特的判决有可能使美国各地的奴隶制合法化。
In effect, it turns the entire country into a slave nation.
实际上，它把整个国家变成了奴隶国家。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: So many abolitionists after Dred Scott said, "You see?
布莱特，历史学家：在德雷德·斯科特说“你明白了吗？
We've been telling you for decades that there's a slave power conspiracy out there of presidents, Supreme Court members, of congresspeople, of bankers, of ship owners, to not only preserve but expand this system of slavery until it dominates every aspect of American society and economy." And now here's the Supreme Court saying slavery has an eternal future in the United States.
几十年来，我们一直在告诉你们，总统、最高法院成员、国会议员、银行家、船东存在着一个奴隶权力阴谋，他们不仅要维持而且要扩大这种奴隶制制度，直到它主宰美国社会和经济的各个方面。”现在最高法院宣布奴隶制在美国拥有永恒的未来。
Narrator: The decision hung like a pall over the abolitionist movement, casting Douglass, most of all, into a deep depression.
旁白：这个决定就像废奴运动上的一层阴影，最重要的是，让道格拉斯陷入了深深的沮丧之中。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): With an earnest, aching heart, I have long looked for the realization of the hope of my people.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：怀着一颗真诚而痛苦的心，我长期以来一直在寻求实现我的人民的希望。
I have sought in my humble way to see in the distance the white flags of freedom, the time at which the cruel bondage of my people should end.
我以谦卑的方式寻求在远处看到自由的白旗，我的人民的残酷奴役何时应该结束。
But of that time, I can know nothing and you can know nothing.
但那时，我什么都不知道，你也什么也不知道。
All is uncertain.
一切都是不确定的。
Narrator: It was with a sense of foreboding and hopelessness that Frederick Douglass responded to an urgent summons in August of 1859 from his old friend John Brown.
旁白：1859 年 8 月，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 带着一种不祥的预感和绝望感回应了老朋友约翰·布朗 (John Brown) 的紧急召唤。
Together with Shields Green, a fugitive he had befriended in Rochester, Douglass quietly made his way to a stone quarry at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
道格拉斯与他在罗切斯特结识的逃犯希尔兹·格林一起，悄悄前往宾夕法尼亚州钱伯斯堡的一个采石场。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Captain Brown -- I would never have known you, sir!
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：布朗船长——我永远不会认识你，先生！
Narrator: Brown was secretly encamped at a nearby farmhouse with 22 recruits.
旁白：布朗带着 22 名新兵在附近的一座农舍里秘密扎营。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): I had hoped for more men, of course.
莱德·史密斯）：当然，我希望有更多的人。
But I believe we have enough to achieve our ends -- with your help.
但我相信，在您的帮助下，我们有足够的能力实现我们的目标。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): Well, sir: In one stroke we shall rouse this nation.
莱德·史密斯）：好吧，先生：我们将一举唤醒这个国家。
We will deal the Slave Power such a blow, it shall never recover.
我们将给予奴隶势力这样的打击，它永远不会恢复。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): It takes one spark to light a fire.
莱德·史密斯）：点燃火需要一点火花。
We are the spark that will set this country ablaze.
我们是点燃这个国家的火花。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): What will 22 men do with 100,000 rifles?
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：22个人用10万支步枪会做什么？
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): As I said, the spark -- we are but the spark.
莱德·史密斯）：正如我所说，火花——我们只是火花。
There are four million men in bondage who will fly to our banner.
有四百万受奴役的人将飞向我们的旗帜。
Not immediately, of course, but even a few thousand slaves in this vicinity will fly to our aid.
当然，不会立即发生，但即使是附近的几千名奴隶也会飞来援助我们。
Tony Horwitz, Author: Douglass expected Brown to unveil a mission to free slaves and funnel them north along the mountains to freedom.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：道格拉斯希望布朗能够公布一项解放奴隶的使命，并将他们沿着山脉向北输送到自由。
But when he gets to the stone quarry, Brown presents a very different plan.
但当他到达采石场时，布朗提出了一个截然不同的计划。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): I know.
莱德·史密斯）：我知道。
My friend, I have been over this a thousand times.
我的朋友，这个问题我已经说过一千遍了。
I can assure you ...
我可以向你保证...
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): And I can assure you that you'll be walking into a perfect steel trap ...
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我可以向你保证，你将走进一个完美的钢铁陷阱......
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: He's talking about invading the South and occupying the South and taking over the South, sort of building this republic out, one mile at a time, and that republic is going to be a new country.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平（Blakeslee Gilpin），历史学家：他正在谈论入侵南方、占领南方并接管南方，有点像建设这个共和国，一次一英里，而那个共和国将成为一个新的国家。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): It will kill you.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：它会杀了你。
And it will serve no purpose.
而且它不会有任何作用。
There will be a bloodbath ...
将会有一场血战……
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): Without the shedding of blood, there's no remission of sin, Douglass.
莱德·史密斯）：道格拉斯，如果不流血，罪孽就无法得到赦免。
John Stauffer, Historian: Douglass spends two days trying to convince John Brown not to raid Harpers Ferry.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：道格拉斯花了两天时间试图说服约翰·布朗不要袭击哈珀斯费里。
Brown spends the same amount of time trying to convince Douglass to go to Harpers Ferry with him to be his right-hand man.
布朗花了同样多的时间试图说服道格拉斯和他一起去哈珀斯费里，成为他的得力助手。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): My friend, the world will remember what we do here.
莱德·史密斯）：我的朋友，世界会记住我们在这里所做的事情。
How do you want the world to remember you?
你希望世界如何记住你？
How do you want your children to remember you?
您希望您的孩子如何记住您？
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): I don't want them to remember me as throwing my life away for nothing.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：我不想让他们记住我白白地放弃了自己的生命。
Captain, it pains me more than you will know, to leave you.
队长，离开你让我比你想象的还要痛苦。
Mr. Green, you've heard Mr. Brown.
格林先生，你听说过布朗先生的话。
What will you do?
你会怎么做？
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith): Come with me Douglass.
莱德·史密斯）：跟我来，道格拉斯。
I will defend you with my life.
我会用我的生命来捍卫你。
I want you for a special purpose.
我想要你有一个特殊的目的。
When I strike, the bees will begin to swarm, and I shall want you to help hive them.
当我攻击时，蜜蜂就会开始蜂拥而至，我需要你帮忙给它们蜂巢。
Narrator: Frederick Douglass returned home alone.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯独自回到家。
The decision to leave Brown would haunt him for the rest of his life.
离开布朗的决定将困扰他一生。
On the night of October 16th, 1859, John Brown and his men seized the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, taking several hostages.
1859 年 10 月 16 日晚上，约翰·布朗和他的手下占领了哈珀斯费里的联邦军械库，劫持了几名人质。
But over the course of the following day they were overwhelmed, as every able-bodied man in the area grabbed a gun and raced into town.
但第二天他们就不知所措了，因为该地区每个身体健全的人都拿起枪冲进城里。
Within 24 hours, half of Brown's men were dead or dying.
24小时之内，布朗手下一半人死亡或濒临死亡。
He and four of the survivors, including Shields Green, were trapped in an engine house at the armory.
他和包括希尔兹·格林在内的四名幸存者被困在军械库的发动机舱内。
By this time, a company of U.S. Marines had arrived, under the command of Colonel Robert E.
这时，罗伯特·E·约翰上校指挥的一个美国海军陆战队连已经抵达。
Lee.
李.
Fragmentary reports of the uprising spread across the country.
关于起义的零碎报道传遍全国。
In Boston, William Lloyd Garrison wondered whether Brown was involved.
在波士顿，威廉·劳埃德·加里森想知道布朗是否参与其中。
In Philadelphia, Frederick Douglass knew all too well.
在费城，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）对此了如指掌。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): It so happened that I was speaking to a large audience in National Hall.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：碰巧我正在国家礼堂向一大群观众讲话。
The announcement came upon us with the startling effect of an earthquake.
这一消息的发布给我们带来了地震般的惊人影响。
It was something to make the boldest hold his breath.
这让最大胆的人都屏住呼吸。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: The sensation Douglass felt at that moment is, "Oh, God, what comes now?
布莱特，历史学家：道格拉斯当时的感觉是，“哦，上帝，现在会发生什么？
Oh, God, they'll be after all of us.
哦，上帝，他们会追捕我们所有人。
What sort of bloodbath may flow from this?" His own life was at risk now.
这会引发什么样的血腥屠杀？”他自己的生命现在处于危险之中。
Narrator: At dawn the Marines stormed the engine house, capturing Brown and his surviving men.
旁白：黎明时分，海军陆战队冲进了发动机室，俘虏了布朗和他的幸存者。
Investigators seeking a link to the abolitionists found what they needed in Brown's papers: an innocuous note signed by Frederick Douglass two years earlier, inviting Brown to dinner.
寻求与废奴主义者联系的调查人员在布朗的文件中找到了他们需要的东西：两年前弗雷德里克·道格拉斯签署的邀请布朗共进晚餐的无伤大雅的便条。
It was all they needed.
这就是他们所需要的。
John Stauffer, Historian: Douglass suddenly becomes the most wanted man in the United States.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：道格拉斯突然成为美国头号通缉犯。
He hides out at a friend's place in Philadelphia, and in fact he finds out from the telegraph operator in Philadelphia that the president of the United States on down has put out the equivalent of an all-points bulletin.
他躲在费城的一个朋友家里，事实上，他从费城的电报员那里得知，美国总统已经发布了相当于全面公告的信息。
All the feds are now scouring the country for Frederick Douglass.
所有联邦调查局现在正在全国范围内搜寻弗雷德里克·道格拉斯。
Narrator: Douglass hurriedly made his way north, his panic mounting as he realized that his fellow passengers were reading newspaper reports calling for his arrest.
旁白：道格拉斯匆忙向北行驶，当他意识到其他乘客正在阅读要求逮捕他的报纸报道时，他的恐慌加剧。
He telegraphed ahead with instructions to destroy the contents of his desk.
他提前发电报指示销毁办公桌上的东西。
Miraculously, Douglass made it to Rochester, where he boarded a boat to Canada.
道格拉斯奇迹般地到达了罗彻斯特，并在那里登上了前往加拿大的船。
The next day, Douglass heard that federal marshals had arrived at his home, hot on his trail.
第二天，道格拉斯听说联邦法警已经来到他家，紧追不舍。
But he was out of their reach.
但他超出了他们的范围。
John Stauffer, Historian: Douglass was wanted more than any of the other conspirators in John Brown's raid because Douglass was a black man.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：在约翰·布朗的突袭中，道格拉斯比任何其他同谋者都更受通缉，因为道格拉斯是黑人。
Narrator: John Brown was almost killed when the Marines stormed the engine house.
旁白：当海军陆战队冲进发动机室时，约翰·布朗差点丧命。
He had to be carried from his jail cell to a cot that was set up in the courtroom.
他必须被从牢房抬到法庭上搭建的一张小床上。
Nevertheless, Brown dominated the proceedings.
尽管如此，布朗还是主导了整个过程。
Tony Horwitz, Author: He stands up without notes and gives one of the greatest speeches in American history.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：他在没有笔记的情况下站起来，发表了美国历史上最伟大的演讲之一。
Brown, in simple, direct, powerful language, basically put his accusers on trial.
布朗用简单、直接、有力的语言，基本上对他的指控者进行了审判。
John Brown (T.
约翰·布朗 (T.
Ryder Smith, audio): Had I interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, the intelligent, the so-called great, every man in this court would have deemed it an act worthy of reward rather than punishment.
莱德·史密斯（音频）：如果我代表富人、有权势者、聪明人、所谓的伟人进行干预，法庭上的每个人都会认为这是值得奖励而不是惩罚的行为。
Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children, I submit.
现在，如果我认为有必要为了正义的目的而牺牲自己的生命，让我的鲜血与我孩子们的鲜血进一步混合，那么我服从。
Narrator: Shields Green and the other captives had already been sentenced to hang.
旁白：希尔兹·格林和其他俘虏已经被判处绞刑。
There could be little doubt that Brown would follow them.
毫无疑问，布朗会追随他们。
From his jail cell, Brown kept up a stream of correspondence and interviews, which were breathlessly reported throughout the North.
布朗在牢房里不断地写信和采访，这些内容在整个北方都引起了轰动。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: This guy's just led a raid to destroy slavery.
布莱克斯利·吉尔平，历史学家：这家伙刚刚领导了一场摧毁奴隶制的袭击。
They've killed people, and not the first people he's killed.
他们杀了人，而且不是他杀的第一批人。
And he's suddenly become famously depicted in art, wearing these sort of evening slippers with this long, peaceful old patriarch beard, and he's the abolitionist grandfather you wish you had.
他突然成为艺术界的著名人物，穿着这种晚装拖鞋，留着长而平静的老族长胡子，他就是你希望拥有的废奴主义祖父。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Brown was absolutely a genius at working the press, at giving interviews, at talking to people and turning himself into as fully committed a Christian sacrificial lamb on the alter of slavery as he could possibly be.
詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特（James Brewer Stewart），历史学家：布朗绝对是一位天才，他擅长与媒体打交道、接受采访、与人们交谈，并尽其所能将自己变成基督教的牺牲品。
R.
R。
Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian: You have the Northern establishment, every newspaper, saying, "This guy's a hero.
历史学家布莱克斯利·吉尔平：北方当权派、每份报纸都说：“这个人是英雄。
He's a saint." How can Southerners look at that and say, "Oh these guys are good negotiating partners.
他是一位圣人。”南方人怎么能看到这一点并说：“哦，这些人是很好的谈判伙伴。
We're gonna be able to sort this slavery problem out"?
我们能够解决这个奴隶制问题”？
Tony Horwitz, Author: What Brown has done, ultimately, is just to expose the depth of the divide between North and South.
托尼·霍维茨（Tony Horwitz），作者：布朗所做的最终只是暴露了南北分歧的深度。
And after that point, that divide can never be bridged.
在那之后，这种鸿沟将永远无法弥合。
Narrator: On the morning of December 2nd, 1859, John Brown was driven from the jail, seated on his own coffin, to the gallows nearby.
旁白：1859 年 12 月 2 日早上，约翰·布朗坐在自己的棺材上，被从监狱赶到附近的绞刑架上。
The evening of Brown's execution, 4,000 people crowded into Boston's Tremont Temple.
布朗被处决的当晚，4000 人涌入波士顿的特里蒙特神庙。
Most of them had come to hear William Lloyd Garrison.
他们中的大多数人是来听威廉·劳埃德·加里森的演讲的。
Lois Brown, Historian: Garrison has to resolve this tension between clearly unapologetic armed resistance and strategy and maneuver, with pacifism and moral suasion.
洛伊丝·布朗，历史学家：加里森必须以和平主义和道义劝说来解决明显毫无歉意的武装抵抗与战略和机动之间的紧张关系。
And you can see, or we can hear in that speech that he gives, he just is truly like a boat in rough sea -- he's just rocking back and forth.
你可以看到，或者我们可以在他发表的演讲中听到，他真的就像波涛汹涌的大海中的一艘船——他只是来回摇晃。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): I have labored unremittingly to effect the peaceful abolition of slavery by an appeal to the reason and conscience of the slaveholder.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫，音频）：我通过呼吁奴隶主的理性和良心，不懈地努力实现和平废除奴隶制。
Yet, as a peace man -- an "ultra" peace man -- I am prepared to say, "Success to every slave insurrection at the South."
然而，作为一名和平人士——一名“超级”和平人士——我准备说：“南方的每一次奴隶起义都取得成功。”
W.
W.
Caleb McDaniel, Historian: When he started his abolitionist campaign as a printer, one could still hope in the early 1830s that maybe arranging types in a case, stringing words together into sentences, publishing articles against slavery, might persuade the nation to rid itself of slavery.
历史学家凯莱布·麦克丹尼尔 (Caleb McDaniel)：当他以一名印刷商的身份开始废奴运动时，人们仍然希望在 1830 年代初期，通过在案件中排列类型、将单词串成句子、发表反对奴隶制的文章，可能会说服国家摆脱奴隶制。
But as time goes by, Garrison begins to be swept along by the changing events around him.
但随着时间的推移，加里森开始被周围不断变化的事件所困扰。
Julie Roy Jeffrey, Historian: I think he recognized that this was a turning point.
历史学家朱莉·罗伊·杰弗里：我认为他认识到这是一个转折点。
Garrison was confronting some things that suggested that the future was gonna take a very different path than the past.
加里森面临着一些事情，这些事情表明未来将走一条与过去截然不同的道路。
Narrator: Frederick Douglass returned to the United States in the spring of 1860, after Congress decided not to pursue Brown's accomplices, for fear of creating more martyrs.
旁白：1860 年春，国会因担心造成更多烈士而决定不再追捕布朗的同谋，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 回到美国。
When he arrived he found the country embroiled in a presidential campaign unlike any other.
当他到达时，他发现这个国家正卷入一场与众不同的总统竞选。
The old political alignments had been destroyed by the argument over slavery, and the election was tilting to the candidate of a new party, Republican Abraham Lincoln.
旧的政治联盟已经被奴隶制争论破坏了，选举向新政党的候选人、共和党人亚伯拉罕·林肯倾斜。
Manisha Sinha, Historian: Douglass recognizes the Republican Party for what it is.
马尼沙·辛哈（Manisha Sinha），历史学家：道格拉斯承认共和党的本质。
It's not an abolitionist party.
它不是一个废奴主义政党。
It's a free soil party committed to the non-extension of slavery.
这是一个致力于不扩大奴隶制的自由土壤政党。
He still sees that as an enormous triumph for the abolitionist movement.
他仍然认为这是废奴运动的巨大胜利。
Narrator: Douglass took hope in Lincoln's candidacy, and publicly endorsed him.
旁白：道格拉斯对林肯的候选资格抱有希望，并公开支持他。
Garrison was too wary of politics to get involved, but he did meet quietly with one of Lincoln's emissaries.
加里森对政治过于谨慎，不愿参与其中，但他确实悄悄会见了林肯的一位特使。
William Herndon assured him that he and Lincoln were working to the same end.
威廉·赫恩登向他保证，他和林肯正在为同一目标而努力。
The Republican didn't want Garrison's endorsement -- in fact, any connection to the controversial printer would be political poison.
共和党人不希望加里森的支持——事实上，与这家有争议的打印机的任何联系都将是政治毒药。
But all the same, Garrison's continued radicalism would be a great help in paving the way for a moderate, anti-slavery Republican.
但尽管如此，加里森持续的激进主义将为温和、反奴隶制的共和党人铺平道路。
Garrison maintained his distance, but like every abolitionist, he wondered where all this upheaval would lead.
加里森保持着距离，但像每一个废奴主义者一样，他想知道所有这些剧变会导致什么结果。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): During the last few years, free colored people have despaired of their future in the United States.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：在过去的几年里，自由有色人种对他们在美国的未来感到绝望。
They fear that persecution and hardships are to grow more and more grievous with every year.
他们担心迫害和苦难会一年比一年严重。
For this reason, they are now, as never before, looking out into the world for a place of retreat, and asylum.
出于这个原因，他们现在前所未有地向世界寻找避难所和庇护所。
Narrator: In November of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president without carrying a single slaveholding state.
旁白：1860 年 11 月，亚伯拉罕·林肯当选总统，但没有赢得任何一个蓄奴州。
Washington immediately descended into chaos, as one Southern state after another seceded from the Union.
华盛顿立即陷入混乱，南方各州相继脱离联邦。
Hoping to pacify the South, Congress hurriedly passed a Constitutional amendment protecting the status of slavery forever.
为了安抚南方，国会匆忙通过了一项宪法修正案，永久保护奴隶制的地位。
John Stauffer, Historian: Lincoln, in his inaugural address, approves and supports that amendment.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：林肯在就职演说中批准并支持这项修正案。
Lincoln also vows to add even more teeth to the Fugitive Slave Law.
林肯还誓言要为《逃亡奴隶法》增添更多内容。
And Douglass reads this and says, "I'm outta here."
道格拉斯读到这篇文章后说：“我要离开这里了。”
Narrator: Frederick Douglass's faith in America had endured through 20 years of slavery, and 20 years of fruitless struggle.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯对美国的信仰经历了20年的奴役和20年徒劳的斗争。
But for Douglass, Lincoln's effort to placate the slave states was one blow too many.
但对于道格拉斯来说，林肯安抚蓄奴州的努力是一次沉重的打击。
On the morning of April 12th, 1861, Frederick Douglass was preparing to leave the United States.
1861 年 4 月 12 日早上，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 正准备离开美国。
He and his daughter Rosetta had booked passage to Haiti, with an eye to emigrating there with his family.
他和女儿罗塞塔已经预订了前往海地的机票，打算与家人一起移民到那里。
Their ship was due to sail in 13 days.
他们的船预计 13 天后启航。
Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn): Father!
弗兰基·加里森（雅各布·沃什伯恩饰）：父亲！
It's started!
开始了！
The war!
战争！
I came as fast as I could!
我以最快的速度来了！
Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn): Fort Sumter.
弗兰基·加里森（雅各布·沃什伯恩饰）：萨姆特堡。
They started bombarding it this morning.
他们今天早上开始轰炸它。
Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn): The fort's burning.
弗兰基·加里森（雅各布·沃什伯恩饰）：堡垒着火了。
As soon as I heard it, I came here.
我一听就过来了。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff): All right now.
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·哈夫）：现在好了。
Tell us everything you heard -- slowly.
慢慢地告诉我们你听到的一切。
Franky Garrison (Jacob Washburn): They said the major and his men, they can't hold out much longer.
弗兰基·加里森（雅各布·沃什伯恩饰）：他们说少校和他的部下，他们撑不了多久了。
The president's gonna call on the troops now.
总统现在要号召军队。
It's war for sure, that's what everyone's saying.
这肯定是战争，每个人都这么说。
John Stauffer, Historian: The role that abolitionists played in the build up to the Civil War was absolutely crucial.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：废奴主义者在内战的筹备过程中发挥的作用绝对至关重要。
Without the abolitionists, the Civil War would not have occurred.
没有废奴主义者，内战就不会发生。
Without the abolitionists, I think one could say that slave owners would have turned the entire United States into slave country.
如果没有废奴主义者，我想可以说奴隶主会把整个美国变成奴隶国家。
That was what they wanted.
这就是他们想要的。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: Once the firing happens on Fort Sumter, Garrison wraps himself in the flag.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：萨姆特堡发生枪击事件后，加里森将自己包裹在旗帜中。
And, like practically every other abolitionist, endorses the war, for the Union, as a war to eliminate slavery.
而且，像几乎所有其他废奴主义者一样，他们支持联邦的这场战争，作为一场消除奴隶制的战争。
Garrison, like everybody, like Douglass, like all the people that have been in tremendous conflict with each other before the war, are in a sense reunited in the war for the Union.
加里森，像所有人一样，像道格拉斯一样，像所有战前彼此发生巨大冲突的人一样，在某种意义上在联邦战争中重新团结起来。
Rosetta Douglass (Lynn Bandoria): Civil war has at last begun.
罗塞塔·道格拉斯（林恩·班多利亚饰）：内战终于开始了。
A terrible fight is at this moment going on between Fort Sumter and the fortifications by which it is surrounded ...
此时此刻，萨姆特堡和它周围的防御工事之间正在进行一场可怕的战斗……
Narrator: Frederick Douglass canceled his trip to Haiti.
旁白：弗雷德里克·道格拉斯取消了海地之行。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): We shall stay here and watch the current of events, and serve the cause of freedom and humanity in any way that shall be open to us.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：我们将留在这里观察事态的发展，并以任何对我们开放的方式为自由和人类事业服务。
Narrator: With the outbreak of war, abolitionists faced a daunting new challenge: convincing the president and skeptical Northerners that the conflict was not about preserving the old Union, but ending slavery.
旁白：随着战争的爆发，废奴主义者面临着一项艰巨的新挑战：让总统和持怀疑态度的北方人相信，这场冲突不是为了维护旧联邦，而是为了结束奴隶制。
At last, the squabbling abolitionist factions came together again, including, above all, Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison.
最后，争论不休的废奴派再次走到了一起，其中最重要的是弗雷德里克·道格拉斯和威廉·劳埃德·加里森。
"Whatever political or personal differences have divided us," Douglass wrote, "a common goal makes us forget those differences and strike at the common foe." For the first time in years, Douglass and Garrison appeared together in public, and Angelina Grimké reemerged after 20 years' absence to form a women's league.
道格拉斯写道：“无论政治或个人差异如何使我们分裂，共同的目标使我们忘记这些差异并打击共同的敌人。”多年来，道格拉斯和加里森首次一起出现在公共场合，安吉丽娜·格里姆克在阔别 20 年后重新出现，组建了女子联盟。
But victory, and even an anti-slavery war, turned out to be far more elusive than anyone had expected.
但事实证明，胜利，甚至是反奴隶制战争，都比任何人预想的都更加难以捉摸。
Harriet Beecher Stowe, who had warned of the evils of slavery in Uncle Tom's Cabin , saw the war as divine retribution.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托曾在《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中警告过奴隶制的罪恶，她认为这场战争是神圣的报应。
Harriet Beecher Stowe (Kate Lyn Sheil): It was God's will that the slave mothers, whose tears nobody regarded, should have with them a great company of weepers, that the Free States, who refused to listen when they were told of starvation, cold, and barbarous cruelty perpetrated on the slave, should have starvation, cold, privation, and barbarous cruelty doing its work among their own sons.
哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托（凯特·林·谢尔饰）：上帝的旨意是，那些没人理睬她们的眼泪的奴隶母亲们应该有一大群哭泣者陪伴在她们身边，而那些在奴隶身上遭受饥饿、寒冷和野蛮残忍的自由州却拒绝倾听，而应该让饥饿、寒冷、匮乏和野蛮残忍在她们自己的儿子身上发挥作用。
Narrator: Stowe spoke from experience: her son Frederick had rushed to join the colors in the first days of the war.
旁白：斯托的经验之谈：她的儿子弗雷德里克在战争的最初几天就匆匆加入了军队。
Like untold thousands of young men, he would never fully recover.
就像无数的年轻人一样，他永远无法完全康复。
Time and again, unimaginable slaughter was eclipsed within months by something even worse.
一次又一次，难以想象的屠杀在几个月内就被更糟糕的事情所掩盖。
The names were already seared in the nation's consciousness: Bull Run, Shiloh, Malvern Hill.
这些名字已经深深烙印在全国人民的意识中：布尔朗、夏伊洛、莫尔文山。
James Brewer Stewart, Historian: The abolitionists' argument is that all of this blood and treasure is gonna be wasted unless slavery dies.
历史学家詹姆斯·布鲁尔·斯图尔特：废奴主义者的论点是，除非奴隶制消失，否则所有这些鲜血和财富都将被浪费。
And more and more and more as the war goes on, it's a realization that many, many Northerners come to share.
随着战争的继续，越来越多的北方人开始意识到这一点。
Narrator: Through it all, Lincoln seemed immovable.
旁白：自始至终，林肯似乎都一动不动。
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union," he announced in August of 1862, "and is not either to save or destroy slavery." Many abolitionists lost hope in the president when they read reports of a meeting at the White House later that summer.
1862 年 8 月，他宣布：“我在这场斗争中的首要目标是拯救联邦，而不是拯救或摧毁奴隶制。”当许多废奴主义者读到那年夏天晚些时候在白宫举行会议的报道时，他们对总统失去了希望。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: Lincoln calls in these five ministers and he has this back-and-forth with them -- mostly, he gives them a speech.
布莱特，历史学家：林肯召集了这五位部长，并与他们进行了反复交谈——大多数情况下，他给他们发表了演讲。
He says, "Without the presence of your people in this country we wouldn't even have this war." He tries to recruit these black men to lead efforts to colonize black folk out of the United States.
他说：“如果没有你们人民在这个国家的存在，我们甚至不会发生这场战争。”他试图招募这些黑人来领导将黑人殖民出美国的努力。
Lincoln basically says to them, "This is a single race country.
林肯基本上对他们说：“这是一个单一种族的国家。
The best hope for your people is going to be outside of this country."
对你们的人民来说，最大的希望就是离开这个国家。”
Narrator: For William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass, it was the last straw.
旁白：对于威廉·劳埃德·加里森和弗雷德里克·道格拉斯来说，这是最后一根稻草。
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): Just God!
威廉·劳埃德·加里森（尼尔·赫夫，音频）：上帝啊！
What but the meanest selfishness stimulates this scheme?
除了最卑鄙的自私之外，还有什么会刺激这个计划呢？
President Lincoln's education with and among the "white trash" of Kentucky was most unfortunate for his moral development, so that there seems to be nothing elevated and noble in his character.
林肯总统在肯塔基州的“白人垃圾”中接受的教育对于他的道德发展来说是最不幸的，因此他的品格中似乎没有任何高尚和高贵的东西。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks): Mr. Lincoln is a genuine representative of American prejudice and Negro hatred, and far more concerned for the preservation of slavery than for any principle of justice and humanity.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯）：林肯先生是美国偏见和黑人仇恨的真正代表，他更关心奴隶制的维护，而不是任何正义和人道原则。
Narrator: Then, on the 22nd of September, 1862, the newspapers brought astonishing news: Lincoln was promising to sign an Emancipation Proclamation on New Year's Day.
旁白：然后，1862年9月22日，报纸上带来了惊人的消息：林肯承诺在元旦签署《解放黑奴宣言》。
"All persons," Lincoln wrote, "held as slaves within any State in rebellion shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." The proclamation was the first sign that the president was moving by agonizing steps to a new understanding of the war.
林肯写道：“在任何叛乱州内被当作奴隶的所有人，从那时起，从那时起，将永远自由。”该公告是总统正在通过痛苦的步骤对战争有新认识的第一个迹象。
For Lincoln, the carnage had become unendurable, unless it could be given over to a higher purpose.
对于林肯来说，这场大屠杀已经变得难以忍受，除非它可以用于更高的目的。
Still, Garrison was wary: Lincoln seemed to be hedging.
尽管如此，加里森还是很谨慎：林肯似乎在两面下注。
In December of 1862, only weeks before the promised date, Lincoln presented Congress with a dramatic peace plan: if the Southern states would lay down their arms, they could keep their slaves for another 40 years.
1862 年 12 月，距离承诺日期仅几周，林肯向国会提出了一项戏剧性的和平计划：如果南方各州放下武器，他们可以将奴隶再保留 40 年。
Abolitionists were baffled.
废奴主义者感到困惑。
In the space of five months, the president had declared that the war wasn't about slavery, suggested that all black people should leave the United States, promised to emancipate the slaves on January 1st, and finally offered to let Southerners keep their slaves until 1900.
在五个月的时间里，总统宣布战争与奴隶制无关，建议所有黑人离开美国，承诺在 1 月 1 日解放奴隶，最后提出让南方人保留奴隶到 1900 年。
Garrison, Douglass, and every other abolitionist had good reason to wonder whether Lincoln would ever sign the Emancipation Proclamation.
加里森、道格拉斯和所有其他废奴主义者都有充分的理由怀疑林肯是否会签署《解放奴隶宣言》。
New Year's Day, 1863, was an anxious vigil.
1863 年元旦，人们焦急地守夜。
Tense with anticipation, Boston's abolitionists made their way to two gatherings.
波士顿的废奴主义者满怀期待地参加了两次集会。
At the Music Hall, William Lloyd Garrison and Harriet Beecher Stowe attended a concert with some of the city's most distinguished figures.
在音乐厅，威廉·劳埃德·加里森和哈里特·比彻·斯托与该市一些最杰出的人物一起参加了一场音乐会。
Boston's black citizens poured into Tremont Temple to listen to speakers and sing hymns.
波士顿的黑人公民涌入特里蒙特神庙聆听演讲并唱圣歌。
But Frederick Douglass, the man everyone had come to hear, didn't say much of anything at all.
但弗雷德里克·道格拉斯，这个大家都来听的人，并没有说什么。
Nine o'clock became 10, and then 11, and still there was no word.
九点变成了十点，然后又变成了十一点，仍然没有任何消息。
Douglass remembered being unable to listen to the speakers, as he kept his eye on the door.
道格拉斯记得他无法听到扬声器的声音，因为他的眼睛一直盯着门。
Finally, near midnight, a messenger rushed onto the stage.
终于，临近午夜时分，一名使者冲上了台。
Lincoln had kept his word.
林肯信守了他的诺言。
Every enslaved person in the South was then, thenceforward, and forever free.
从那时起，南方的每个被奴役的人都获得了永远的自由。
David W.
大卫·W.
Blight, Historian: That was in some ways the turning point of Frederick Douglass's life, and certainly the turning point in the historical life of African Americans.
布莱特，历史学家：从某种程度上来说，那是弗雷德里克·道格拉斯一生的转折点，当然也是非裔美国人历史生活的转折点。
A new country, a new constitution, a new history is going to come out of this.
一个新的国家、新的宪法、新的历史将会由此诞生。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): I never saw enthusiasm before.
Frederick Douglass（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：我以前从未见过热情。
I never saw joy before.
我以前从未见过快乐。
Henceforth, this day shall take rank with the Fourth of July.
从此以后，这一天将与七月四日并列。
Henceforth, it becomes the date of a new and glorious era in the history of American liberty.
从此，这一天成为美国自由史上一个新的辉煌时代的日子。
Narrator: With the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, the war merged with the abolitionist cause.
旁白：随着《解放奴隶宣言》的签署，战争与废奴主义事业融为一体。
But the Union had to win, or the Proclamation would mean nothing.
但联盟必须获胜，否则公告就毫无意义。
The Proclamation had included an unexpected clause: at last, black men could enlist in the armed services of the United States.
该公告中包含了一个意想不到的条款：黑人终于可以加入美国武装部队。
As Douglass said, Lincoln's "paper Proclamation must now be made iron, lead, and fire." Douglass enlisted two of his sons, and even William Lloyd Garrison, the ultra peace man, allowed his first born to join the colors.
正如道格拉斯所说，林肯的“纸质宣言现在必须变成铁、铅和火”。道格拉斯招募了他的两个儿子，甚至极端和平人士威廉·劳埃德·加里森也允许他的长子加入军队。
Manisha Sinha, Historian: The Civil War moved Garrison farther and farther away from that abstract devotion to peace principles and pacifism that he had held through the years.
马尼沙·辛哈（Manisha Sinha），历史学家：内战使加里森越来越远离他多年来所坚持的对和平原则和和平主义的抽象奉献。
When Garrison is forced to choose, he chooses abolition over his peace principles.
当加里森被迫做出选择时，他选择废奴而不是和平原则。
John Stauffer, Historian: For Douglass, what better symbol of democracy and of racial equality is there in the United States is if the federal government arms and gives uniforms to black soldiers and tells them to kill white men.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗：对于道格拉斯来说，美国民主和种族平等的更好象征就是联邦政府为黑人士兵提供武器和制服，并告诉他们杀死白人。
Narrator: The one-time radicals were no longer outsiders.
旁白：曾经的激进分子不再是局外人。
Garrison, Douglass, and Stowe would each meet the president at the White House.
加里森、道格拉斯和斯托将分别在白宫会见总统。
Each gave him their heartfelt support.
每个人都给了他衷心的支持。
John Stauffer, Historian: Suddenly abolitionists are looking prophetic.
历史学家约翰·斯托弗（John Stauffer）：突然之间，废奴主义者看起来很有预见性。
They seem now to be having had anticipated all of these things that are happening.
他们现在似乎已经预料到了正在发生的所有这些事情。
And abolitionists are accorded a newfound respect that they had never experienced before.
废奴主义者获得了他们以前从未经历过的新尊重。
Narrator: But victory was nowhere in sight.
旁白：但是胜利还遥遥无期。
The slaughter of the first two years of war was but a prelude.
战争头两年的屠杀只是一个序幕。
Hundreds of thousands of men, white and black, would be swallowed up in the abyss.
数十万的白人和黑人，将被吞噬在深渊之中。
Yet, for Douglass, Garrison, and Stowe, for millions of slaves and millions of their white brethren, all of the suffering finally had a new meaning.
然而，对于道格拉斯、加里森和斯托来说，对于数百万奴隶和他们的数百万白人弟兄来说，所有的苦难终于有了新的意义。
Victory meant abolition.
胜利意味着废除。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): If we fail, we shall go down as we deserve to go down, as a warning to all other nations, which shall come after us.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：如果我们失败了，我们就会像我们应得的那样倒下，以此警告所有其他国家，他们将追随我们。
But if we succeed, our glory as a nation will be complete, our peace will flow like a river, and our foundations will be the everlasting rocks.
但如果我们成功了，我们作为一个国家的荣耀将是完整的，我们的和平将像河流一样流动，我们的根基将是永恒的岩石。
Narrator: President Lincoln himself had suggested that Garrison come to Charleston.
旁白：林肯总统亲自建议加里森来查尔斯顿。
The editor was overwhelmed as he walked among the ruins of the once-gracious city.
当编辑走在这座曾经优雅的城市的废墟中时，他不知所措。
The news of Robert E.
罗伯特·E 的消息
Lee's surrender at Appomattox came the day of Garrison's arrival.
加里森抵达当天，李在阿波马托克斯投降。
The war was over.
战争结束了。
It had been four years to the day since federal troops evacuated Sumter.
联邦军队撤离萨姆特已经过去四年了。
Lincoln thought Garrison should have the honor of helping raise the flag over the re-conquered fortress.
林肯认为加里森应该有幸帮助在重新征服的堡垒上升起旗帜。
At Fort Sumter, Garrison reminisced about the 30-year anti-slavery struggle, marveling at the transformation that had taken place.
在萨姆特堡，加里森回忆了三十年的反奴隶制斗争，对所发生的转变感到惊叹。
His reservations about Lincoln had vanished entirely.
他对林肯的保留意见完全消失了。
"Either he's become a Garrisonian abolitionist," Garrison said, "or I have become a Lincoln emancipationist, for we blend together, like kindred drops, into one." For his part, a few days earlier Lincoln had told an admirer that he had been "only an instrument" in the anti-slavery struggle.
“要么他成为一名加里森废奴主义者，”加里森说，“要么我成为一名林肯解放主义者，因为我们像亲人一样融为一体。”就林肯而言，几天前他告诉一位崇拜者，他在反奴隶制斗争中“只是一个工具”。
As he put it, "the logic and moral power of Garrison and the anti-slavery people" had done it all.
正如他所说，“加里森和反奴隶制人民的逻辑和道德力量”已经做到了这一切。
But for Garrison, the real triumph came the next morning, at a mass meeting of freed slaves.
但对加里森来说，真正的胜利是在第二天早上，在解放奴隶的群众大会上。
A crowd estimated at 10,000 had gathered outside the Charleston Citadel.
估计有一万人聚集在查尔斯顿城堡外。
When Garrison appeared, the freedmen seized him joyfully and carried him on their shoulders around the square.
当加里森出现时，自由民高兴地抓住他，把他扛在肩上绕着广场转了一圈。
They then proceeded a few blocks to Zion's Church, where a mass of humanity pressed into every available spot.
然后，他们继续前行几个街区，到达锡安教堂，那里挤满了人潮。
Once Garrison and the other dignitaries had been seated at the pulpit, a black man and his two daughters approached.
加里森和其他政要在讲坛上就座后，一名黑人和他的两个女儿走了过来。
"Sir," he addressed Garrison, as the church fell silent.
“先生，”他对加里森说道，教堂里一片寂静。
"Here you see your handiwork.
“在这里你可以看到你的杰作。
These children were robbed from me, and I stood desolate.
这些孩子从我身边被夺走，我孤零零地站在那儿。
You have restored them to me, as you have restored other mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers.
你让他们恢复了我的状态，就像你恢复了其他母亲、父亲、姐妹、兄弟一样。
The greeting that they would give you is almost impossible for me to express.
他们给你的问候对我来说几乎是无法表达的。
Simply, sir, we welcome and look upon you as our savior."
简而言之，先生，我们欢迎您并将您视为我们的救世主。”
William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio): I have been actively engaged in this work for almost 40 years, but I never expected to look you in the face, never supposed you would hear of anything I might do in your behalf.
William Lloyd Garrison（Neal Huff，音频）：我积极从事这项工作已经近 40 年了，但我从未想过会面对面地看着你，从未想过你会听到我可能为你做的任何事情。
I have no language to express the feelings of my heart.
我无法用语言来表达我内心的感受。
Narrator: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation had freed the slaves, but it hadn't outlawed slavery itself anywhere.
旁白：林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》解放了奴隶，但它并没有在任何地方宣布奴隶制本身为非法。
That could be accomplished only by amending the Constitution.
这只能通过修改宪法来实现。
In December of 1865, the United States was finally cleansed of its original sin when the 13th Amendment was added to the Constitution, banning slavery in all the states, forever.
1865 年 12 月，美国终于洗清了其原罪，宪法第十三条修正案永久禁止所有州实行奴隶制。
For almost four decades, Garrison had dedicated his life to this moment.
近四十年来，加里森将自己的一生奉献给了这一刻。
He had created a movement, had led it through every adversity without wavering.
他发起了一场运动，带领它度过了每一次逆境，毫不动摇。
The Liberator had become not only the most influential voice of abolition, but the symbol of its tenacity.
解放者不仅成为最有影响力的废奴声音，而且成为废奴顽强的象征。
One thousand eight hundred and three issues, every one set by hand, most by Garrison's own.
一千八百零三期，每一期都是手工制定的，大部分是加里森自己的。
And this, Garrison felt, was a fitting occasion to print the last.
加里森认为，这是打印最后一份报告的合适时机。
The post-war years would be hard.
战后的岁月将是艰难的。
Garrison, Douglass, and their kindred spirits protested in vain as Northern and Southern whites conspired to keep the emancipated slaves in a condition almost indistinguishable from slavery.
加里森、道格拉斯和他们的志同道合的人徒劳地抗议，因为北方和南方的白人密谋让解放的奴隶处于几乎与奴隶制没有区别的状态。
But nothing could entirely erase the change that had taken place in American life.
但没有什么可以完全抹去美国人生活中发生的变化。
When Garrison died in 1879 at the age of 73, Frederick Douglass was transported to the days of his youth, to the days when, as a newly escaped slave, he had first heard William Lloyd Garrison, and thought him the new Moses.
1879 年，73 岁的加里森去世，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 仿佛回到了自己的青年时代，回到了作为一名刚刚逃亡的奴隶，第一次听到威廉·劳埃德·加里森 (William Lloyd Garrison) 的日子，并认为他是新的摩西。
His eulogy was more than a memorial to one man.
他的悼词不仅仅是对一个人的纪念。
Angelina Grimké was on her deathbed, John Brown was in his heaven, Harriet Beecher Stowe had withdrawn from public life.
安吉丽娜·格里姆克（Angelina Grimké）临终，约翰·布朗（John Brown）在天堂，哈丽特·比彻·斯托（Harriet Beecher Stowe）退出了公共生活。
Douglass would write a lament for the movement they had led, for their youth, for the generation that was passing from the scene.
道格拉斯将为他们领导的运动、为他们的青春、为即将离开现场的一代人写一首哀歌。
It was a tribute to fervent ideals, generosity, and love, to the bitterness and the passions that had moved men and women to bend the arc of history.
这是对热切理想、慷慨和爱的致敬，也是对推动男男女女扭转历史弧线的辛酸和激情的致敬。
Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio): The abolitionists of this country were never a numerous class, but lately death has been busy in reducing their already thinned ranks.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（理查德·布鲁克斯，音频）：这个国家的废奴主义者从来都不是一个人数众多的阶级，但最近死亡一直忙于减少他们本已稀疏的队伍。
Only a few can now tell from actual experience something of the darkness and peril that brooded over the land when the anti-slavery movement was born.
现在只有少数人能够从实际经历中看出反奴隶制运动诞生时笼罩在这片土地上的黑暗和危险。
Now, the brightest and steadiest of all the shining hosts of our moral sky has silently and peacefully descended below the distant horizon.
现在，我们道德天空中所有闪亮的星体中最明亮、最稳定的星体已经静静地、和平地降落在遥远的地平线以下。
He moved not with the tide, but against it.
他不是随波逐流，而是逆流而行。
He rose not by the power of the Church or the State, but in bold, inflexible and defiant opposition to the mighty power of both.
他的崛起并不是依靠教会或国家的力量，而是大胆、坚定、挑衅地反对两者的强大力量。
It was the glory of this man that he could stand alone with the truth, and calmly await the result.
这个人的荣耀在于，他能够独自面对真相，平静地等待结果。
Now that this man has filled up the measure of his years, now that the leaf has fallen to the ground as all leaves must fall, let us guard his memory, let us try to imitate his virtues, and endeavor as he did to leave the world freer, nobler, and better than we found it.
现在这个人已经度过了他的岁月，现在叶子已经落到了地上，所有的叶子都必须落下，让我们守护他的记忆，让我们努力模仿他的美德，并像他一样努力让这个世界比我们发现的更自由、更高贵和更好。
After surviving his failed siege of the armory at Harpers Ferry, John Brown went on trial.
约翰·布朗在围攻哈珀斯费里军械库失败后幸存下来，并接受了审判。
In the spring of 1854, fugitive slave Anthony Burns sat in Boston's city jail as protests for his release turned violent.
1854 年春天，逃亡奴隶安东尼·伯恩斯 (Anthony Burns) 被关进波士顿市监狱，要求释放他的抗议活动演变成暴力活动。
In September of 1838, escaped slave Frederick Douglass and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison met in Nantucket.
1838 年 9 月，逃亡奴隶弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 和废奴主义者威廉·劳埃德·加里森 (William Lloyd Garrison) 在楠塔基特岛会面。
Frederick Douglass named his abolitionist newspaper The North Star after the icon followed by escaped slaves on their journeys to freedom.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (Frederick Douglass) 以逃亡奴隶踏上自由之路的偶像命名他的废奴主义报纸《北极星》(The North Star)。
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 made the hunting down of escaped slaves, even in free states, fully legal.
1850 年的《逃亡奴隶法》使得追捕逃亡奴隶完全合法，即使在自由州也是如此。
Harriet Beecher Stowe made millions of Americans see slavery through the eyes of its victims.
哈丽特·比彻·斯托让数百万美国人通过受害者的眼睛看到奴隶制。
On July 4, 1854 in Massachusetts, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison burned a copy of the constitution.
1854 年 7 月 4 日，废奴主义者威廉·劳埃德·加里森在马萨诸塞州烧毁了宪法副本。
By killing of five pro-slavery men, John Brown hoped to strike terror in the hearts of pro-slavery settlers in Kansas.
约翰·布朗希望通过杀害五名支持奴隶制的男子，让堪萨斯州支持奴隶制的定居者心中产生恐惧。
With the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, the war merged with the abolitionist cause.
随着《解放奴隶宣言》的签署，战争与废奴主义事业融为一体。
But the Union had to win, or the Proclamation would mean nothing.
但联盟必须获胜，否则公告就毫无意义。
After four decades and 1,803 issues, William Lloyd Garrison closed his abolitionist newspaper.
在发行了 4 个十年、发行了 1,803 期之后，威廉·劳埃德·加里森 (William Lloyd Garrison) 关闭了他的废奴主义报纸。
John Brown put little stock in abolition through peaceful means.
约翰·布朗不太相信通过和平手段废除死刑。
In 1855, he headed to the slave state of Kansas.
1855年，他前往蓄奴州堪萨斯州。
Although fighting for a common cause, abolitionists Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison suffered a major falling out.
尽管废奴主义者弗雷德里克·道格拉斯和威廉·劳埃德·加里森为共同的事业而战，但他们却发生了严重争吵。