The Top 10 Longreads of 2011
I should preface this by saying I didn’t plan to do a list, because all of your Top 5 Longreads of 2011 really represent what the Longreads community is all about.
首先我应该说我不打算列出一个列表，因为 2011 年排名前 5 的长读文章都真正代表了长读社区的全部内容。
But, in true WWIC form, I couldn’t resist.
但是，在真正的 WWIC 形式中，我无法抗拒。
Thank you for an incredible year.
感谢你们度过了令人难以置信的一年。
Special thanks to the entire Longreads team: Joyce King Thomas, Kjell Reigstad, Hakan Bakkalbasi and Mike Dang.
特别感谢整个 Longreads 团队：Joyce King Thomas、Kjell Reigstad、Hakan Bakkalbasi 和 Mike Dang。
—Mark Armstrong, founder, Longreads
——马克·阿姆斯特朗，Longreads 创始人
Support Longreads by supporting our partners:
通过支持我们的合作伙伴来支持长读：
Read It Later: Save your favorite stories for reading on the iPhone/iPad, Android or Kindle Fire.
稍后阅读：保存您最喜欢的故事，以便在 iPhone/iPad、Android 或 Kindle Fire 上阅读。
You can also support Longreads by becoming an Official Member.
您还可以通过成为正式会员来支持 Longreads。
## 1.
## 1.
Travis the Menace
威胁特拉维斯
Dan P.
丹·P。
Lee | New York Magazine | Jan.
李 |纽约杂志 |简。
24, 2011 | 24 minutes (6,096 words)
2011 年 24 日 | 24 分钟（6,096 字）
The heartbreaking, horrifying story of a chimp named Travis and the Connecticut couple that raised him like a son.
这是一个令人心碎、可怕的故事，讲述了一只名叫特拉维斯的黑猩猩和康涅狄格州的一对夫妇把他当作儿子一样抚养长大的故事。
Lee followed Travis’s path from local celebrity to fully grown (and violent) adult:
李追随特拉维斯的道路，从当地名人成长为成熟（且暴力）的成年人：
“Stamford’s animal-control officer was more concerned.
“斯坦福德的动物控制官员更担心。
After contacting primatologists, she spoke with Sandy, arguing that Travis was by now a fully sexualized adult (chimpanzees in the wild have sex, nonmonogamously, as often as 50 times a day); that he had the strength of at least five men; that adult chimpanzees are known to be unpredictable and potentially violent (which is why all chimp actors are prepubescent); and that maintaining Travis for the duration of his five- or six-decade lifetime was not viable.
在联系灵长类动物学家后，她与桑迪交谈，认为特拉维斯现在已经是一个完全性化的成年人（野外的黑猩猩发生性行为，非一夫一妻制，每天多达 50 次）；他至少有五个人的力量；众所周知，成年黑猩猩是不可预测的，并且可能具有暴力倾向（这就是为什么所有黑猩猩演员都处于青春期前）；并且在特拉维斯五六年的一生中维持他的生命是不可行的。
Sandy seemed to pay an open mind to the officer’s warning but ultimately concluded that Travis had never exhibited even the slightest capacity for violence.”
桑迪似乎对警官的警告持开放态度，但最终得出的结论是，特拉维斯从未表现出哪怕是最轻微的暴力能力。”
“Travis” was the first in a “tabloid-with-empathy” trilogy from Lee: He also brought humanity to the story of Anna Nicole Smith (“Paw Paw & Lady Love”) and wrote about Harold Camping, the elderly doomsayer who never quite got his apocalypse calendar right (“After the Rapture”).
《特拉维斯》是李的“同理心小报”三部曲中的第一部：他还将人性带入了安娜·妮可·史密斯的故事（《爪爪与女士之爱》），并写了关于哈罗德·坎平的故事，这位年长的末日预言家从未完全正确地掌握了他的世界末日日历（《狂喜之后》）。
More Lee: “Body Snatchers” (Philadelphia Magazine, 2008)
更多李：《Body Snatchers》（费城杂志，2008 年）
## 2.
## 2.
Vanishing Act
消失法
Paul Collins | Lapham’s Quarterly | Dec.
保罗·柯林斯 |拉帕姆季刊|十二月
17, 2010 | 15 minutes (3,837 words)
2010 年 17 月 | 15 分钟（3,837 个字）
A child-prodigy author mysteriously disappears.
一位神童作家神秘失踪。
Barbara Follett was 13 when her first novel, The House Without Windows, was published in 1927:
1927 年，芭芭拉·福莱特 (Barbara Follett) 出版第一部小说《没有窗户的房子》时年仅 13 岁：
“Through the door could be heard furious clacking and carriage returns: the sound, in fact, of an eight-year-old girl writing her first novel.“In 1923, typewriters were hardly a child’s plaything, but to those following the family of critic and editor Wilson Follett, it was a grand educational experiment.
“透过门，可以听到愤怒的咔哒声和回车声：事实上，这是一个八岁女孩写第一部小说的声音。”1923 年，打字机几乎不是孩子的玩具，但对于跟随批评家和编辑威尔逊·福莱特家族的人来说，这是一次伟大的教育实验。
He’d already written of his daughter Barbara in Harper’s, describing a girl who by the age of three was consumed with letters and words.
他已经在《哈泼斯》杂志上写过他女儿芭芭拉的故事，描述了一个三岁时就痴迷于字母和文字的女孩。
‘She was always seeing A’s in the gables of houses and H’s in football goalposts,’ he recalled.
“她总是在房屋的山墙上看到 A，在足球门柱上看到 H，”他回忆道。
One day she’d wandered into Wilson’s office and discovered his typewriter.“‘Tell me a story about it,’ she demanded.“This was Barbara’s way of asking for any explanation, and after he demonstrated the wondrous machine, she took to it fiercely.
有一天，她走进威尔逊的办公室，发现了他的打字机。“‘给我讲一个关于它的故事，’她要求道。“这是芭芭拉寻求解释的方式，在他展示了这台奇妙的机器后，她非常喜欢它。
A typewriter, her parents realized, could unleash a torrential flow of thoughts from a gifted child who still lacked the coordination to write in pencil.”
她的父母意识到，一台打字机可以让一个仍然缺乏用铅笔书写的协调能力的天才儿童释放出汹涌的思绪。”
“Through the door could be heard furious clacking and carriage returns: the sound, in fact, of an eight-year-old girl writing her first novel.
“透过门可以听到愤怒的咔哒声和回车声：事实上，这是一个八岁女孩写她的第一本小说的声音。
“In 1923, typewriters were hardly a child’s plaything, but to those following the family of critic and editor Wilson Follett, it was a grand educational experiment.
“1923 年，打字机还不是孩子们的玩具，但对于批评家兼编辑威尔逊·福莱特 (Wilson Follett) 家族的追随者来说，这是一次伟大的教育实验。
He’d already written of his daughter Barbara in Harper’s, describing a girl who by the age of three was consumed with letters and words.
他已经在《哈泼斯》杂志上写过他女儿芭芭拉的故事，描述了一个三岁时就痴迷于字母和文字的女孩。
‘She was always seeing A’s in the gables of houses and H’s in football goalposts,’ he recalled.
“她总是在房屋的山墙上看到 A，在足球门柱上看到 H，”他回忆道。
One day she’d wandered into Wilson’s office and discovered his typewriter.
有一天，她走进威尔逊的办公室，发现了他的打字机。
“‘Tell me a story about it,’ she demanded.
“‘给我讲一个关于它的故事，’她要求道。
“This was Barbara’s way of asking for any explanation, and after he demonstrated the wondrous machine, she took to it fiercely.
“这是芭芭拉寻求解释的方式，在他展示了这台奇妙的机器后，她非常喜欢它。
A typewriter, her parents realized, could unleash a torrential flow of thoughts from a gifted child who still lacked the coordination to write in pencil.”
她的父母意识到，一台打字机可以让一个仍然缺乏用铅笔书写的协调能力的天才儿童释放出汹涌的思绪。”
This was from December 2010, but it came out after last year’s best-of list was published.
这是 2010 年 12 月的事情，但它是在去年的最佳榜单发布后发布的。
It’s also on The Awl editors’ best-of-2011 list.
它也出现在 The Awl 编辑的 2011 年最佳榜单中。
I still think about this story constantly.
我仍然不断地思考这个故事。
More Collins: “The Molecatcher’s Daughter” (The Believer, 2006)
更多柯林斯：《鼹鼠捕手的女儿》（The Believer，2006）
## 3.
## 3.
In Which We Teach You How to Be a Woman in Any Boy’s Club
我们教您如何在任何男孩俱乐部中成为一名女性
Molly Lambert | This Recording | Feb.
莫莉·兰伯特|这段录音 |二月。
22, 2011 | 11 minutes (2,825 words)
2011 年 22 日 | 11 分钟（2,825 字）
A manifesto for the modern woman:
现代女性宣言：
“‘What If I Love Being The Only Girl In The Boys Club?’ Megan Fox Syndrome, aka Wendy from Peter Pan.
“‘如果我喜欢成为男孩俱乐部里唯一的女孩怎么办？’梅根·福克斯综合症，又名《彼得潘》中的温蒂。
It is the delusion that you can become an official part of the boys’ club if you are its strictest enforcer, its most useful prole.
这是一种错觉，认为如果你是男孩俱乐部最严格的执行者、最有用的无产者，你就可以成为男孩俱乐部的正式成员。
That if you follow the rules exactly you can become the Official Woman.
如果您严格遵守规则，您就可以成为正式女性。
If you refuse other women admission you are denying that other women are talented, which makes you just as bad as any boys’ club for thinking there would only be one talented girl at a time.“You will never actually be part of the boys’ club, because you are a woman.
如果你拒绝其他女性的加入，你就否认了其他女性的才华，这让你和任何男孩俱乐部一样糟糕，因为你认为一次只会有一个有才华的女孩。“你永远不会真正成为男孩俱乐部的一员，因为你是一名女性。
You are Ray Liotta in ‘Goodfellas.’ You are not Italian, therefore you are never going to get made.
你是《好家伙》中的雷·利奥塔。你不是意大利人，因此你永远不会成功。
And you don’t want to be a part of the boys’ club, because it is dedicated to preserving its own privilege at your expense.
而且你不想成为男孩俱乐部的一员，因为它致力于以你为代价来维护自己的特权。
Why wouldn’t you want to know and endorse the work of other women who share your interests?
你为什么不想了解并认可其他与你有共同兴趣的女性的工作呢？
How insecure are you?”
How insecure are you?”
“‘What If I Love Being The Only Girl In The Boys Club?’ Megan Fox Syndrome, aka Wendy from Peter Pan.
“‘如果我喜欢成为男孩俱乐部里唯一的女孩怎么办？’梅根·福克斯综合症，又名《彼得潘》中的温蒂。
It is the delusion that you can become an official part of the boys’ club if you are its strictest enforcer, its most useful prole.
这是一种错觉，认为如果你是男孩俱乐部最严格的执行者、最有用的无产者，你就可以成为男孩俱乐部的正式成员。
That if you follow the rules exactly you can become the Official Woman.
如果您严格遵守规则，您就可以成为正式女性。
If you refuse other women admission you are denying that other women are talented, which makes you just as bad as any boys’ club for thinking there would only be one talented girl at a time.
如果你拒绝其他女性入场，你就否认了其他女性有才华，这让你和任何男孩俱乐部一样糟糕，因为你认为一次只会有一个有才华的女孩。
“You will never actually be part of the boys’ club, because you are a woman.
“你永远不会真正成为男孩俱乐部的一员，因为你是女人。
You are Ray Liotta in ‘Goodfellas.’ You are not Italian, therefore you are never going to get made.
你是《好家伙》中的雷·利奥塔。你不是意大利人，因此你永远不会成功。
And you don’t want to be a part of the boys’ club, because it is dedicated to preserving its own privilege at your expense.
而且你不想成为男孩俱乐部的一员，因为它致力于以你为代价来维护自己的特权。
Why wouldn’t you want to know and endorse the work of other women who share your interests?
你为什么不想了解并认可其他与你有共同兴趣的女性的工作呢？
How insecure are you?”
How insecure are you?”
I can think of at least ten other personal essays that blew me away this year, but Lambert’s seemed to completely take over our conversations, online and off.
我能想到今年至少有十篇让我震惊的个人文章，但兰伯特的文章似乎完全接管了我们的谈话，无论是线上还是线下。
More from This Recording in 2011: “Where We All Will Be Received” (Nell Boeschenstein)
2011 年这张唱片的更多内容：“我们所有人都会被接待的地方”（Nell Boeschenstein）
## 4.
## 4.
A Murder Foretold
A Murder Foretold
David Grann | The New Yorker | March 28, 2011 | 57 minutes (14,318 words)
David Grann |纽约客 | March 28, 2011 | 57 分钟（14,318 字）
A political conspiracy in Guatemala and the murder of lawyer Rodrigo Rosenberg, who created a video predicting his own killing in 2009:
危地马拉的一场政治阴谋和律师罗德里戈·罗森伯格的谋杀案，他在 2009 年制作了一段视频来预测自己被杀：
“Rosenberg told friends that his apartment was under surveillance, and that he was being followed.
“罗森伯格告诉朋友，他的公寓受到监视，而且他正在被跟踪。
‘Whenever he got into the car, he was looking over his shoulder,’ his son Eduardo recalled.
“每当他上车时，他都会回头看，”他的儿子爱德华多回忆道。
From his apartment window, Rosenberg could look across the street and see an office where Gustavo Alejos, President Colom’s private secretary, often worked.
从公寓的窗户，罗森伯格可以看到街对面的一间办公室，科罗姆总统的私人秘书古斯塔沃·阿莱霍斯经常在那里工作。
Rosenberg told Mendizábal that Alejos had called him and warned him to stop investigating the Musas’ murders, or else the same thing might happen to him.
罗森伯格告诉门迪扎瓦尔，阿莱霍斯打电话给他，警告他停止调查穆萨兄弟的谋杀案，否则同样的事情可能会发生在他身上。
Speaking to Musa’s business manager, Rosenberg said of the powerful people he was investigating, ‘They are going to kill me.’ He had a will drawn up.”
罗森伯格在接受穆萨的业务经理采访时谈到他正在调查的有权势的人，“他们会杀了我。”他起草了一份遗嘱。
Obviously, with David Grann, it’s never so straightforward.
显然，对于大卫·格兰来说，事情从来没有这么简单过。
More from the New Yorker in 2011: Clarence Thomas, Michele Bachmann, a small-town pharmacist and a Jamaican drug lord
2011 年《纽约客》的更多报道：克拉伦斯·托马斯 (Clarence Thomas)、米歇尔·巴赫曼 (Michele Bachmann)，小镇药剂师和牙买加毒枭
## 5.
## 5.
A Brevard Woman Disappeared, but Never Left Home
一名布里瓦德妇女失踪，但从未离开过家
Michael Kruse | St. Petersburg Times | July 22, 2011 | 10 minutes (2,735 words)
Michael Kruse | St. Petersburg Times | 2011 年 7 月 22 日 | 10 minutes (2,735 words)
A reporter retraces the last years of a woman who slipped away from society:
记者回顾了一位逃离社会的女性的晚年：
“Kathryn Norris moved to Florida in 1990.
“凯瑟琳·诺里斯 (Kathryn Norris) 于 1990 年搬到佛罗里达州。
She was intelligent and driven, say those who knew her back in Ohio, but she could be difficult.
那些在俄亥俄州认识她的人说，她很聪明，有干劲，但她可能很难相处。
She held grudges.
She held grudges.
She had been laid off from her civil service job, and her marriage of 14 years was over, and so she came looking for sunshine.
她的公务员工作被下岗了，14年的婚姻也结束了，所以她来寻找阳光。
She knew nobody.
She knew nobody.
Using money from her small pension, she bought the Cherie Down townhouse, $84,900 new.
她用自己微薄的退休金买下了 Cherie Down 联排别墅，价值 84,900 美元。
It was a short walk to the sounds of the surf and just up A1A from souvenir stores selling trinkets with messages of PARADISE FOUND.“She started a job making $32,000 a year as a buyer of space shuttle parts for a subcontractor for NASA.
步行不远便可听到海浪声，上 A1A 路就到了纪念品商店，那里出售带有“天堂发现”字样的小饰品。“她开始了一份年薪 32,000 美元的工作，为 NASA 的一家分包商购买航天飞机零件。
She went out on occasion with coworkers for cookouts or cocktails.
她有时会和同事出去野餐或喝鸡尾酒。
She talked a lot about her ex-husband.
她谈了很多关于她前夫的事。
She started having some trouble keeping up at the office and was diagnosed in December of 1990 as manic depressive.“After the diagnosis, she made daily notes on index cards.
她开始在办公室工作中遇到一些困难，并于 1990 年 12 月被诊断为躁狂抑郁症。“诊断后，她每天在索引卡上做笔记。
She ate at Arby’s, Wendy’s, McDonald’s.
她在阿比餐厅、温迪餐厅、麦当劳吃饭。
Sometimes she did sit-ups and rode an exercise bike.
有时她会做仰卧起坐和骑健身自行车。
She read the paper.
She read the paper.
She got the mail.
She got the mail.
She went to sleep at 8 p.m., 1:30 a.m., 6:30 a.m.
她晚上 8 点、凌晨 1 点 30 分、早上 6 点 30 分睡觉。
Her heart raced.“‘Dropped fork at lunch,’ she wrote.“‘Felt depressed in evening and cried.’“‘Noise outside at 4 a.m.
她的心跳加速。“‘午餐时叉子掉了，’她写道。‘‘晚上感到沮丧，哭了。’‘‘凌晨 4 点外面有噪音。
sounded like a dog.'”
sounded like a dog.'”
“Kathryn Norris moved to Florida in 1990.
“凯瑟琳·诺里斯 (Kathryn Norris) 于 1990 年搬到佛罗里达州。
She was intelligent and driven, say those who knew her back in Ohio, but she could be difficult.
那些在俄亥俄州认识她的人说，她很聪明，有干劲，但她可能很难相处。
She held grudges.
She held grudges.
She had been laid off from her civil service job, and her marriage of 14 years was over, and so she came looking for sunshine.
她的公务员工作被下岗了，14年的婚姻也结束了，所以她来寻找阳光。
She knew nobody.
她谁也不认识。
Using money from her small pension, she bought the Cherie Down townhouse, $84,900 new.
她用自己微薄的退休金买下了 Cherie Down 联排别墅，价值 84,900 美元。
It was a short walk to the sounds of the surf and just up A1A from souvenir stores selling trinkets with messages of PARADISE FOUND.
步行不远便可听到海浪声，A1A 附近有纪念品商店，出售印有“天堂发现”字样的小饰品。
“She started a job making $32,000 a year as a buyer of space shuttle parts for a subcontractor for NASA.
“她开始了一份年薪 32,000 美元的工作，为 NASA 的一家分包商采购航天飞机零件。
She went out on occasion with coworkers for cookouts or cocktails.
她有时会和同事出去野餐或喝鸡尾酒。
She talked a lot about her ex-husband.
她谈了很多关于她前夫的事情。
She started having some trouble keeping up at the office and was diagnosed in December of 1990 as manic depressive.
她开始在办公室工作中遇到一些困难，并于 1990 年 12 月被诊断为躁狂抑郁症。
“After the diagnosis, she made daily notes on index cards.
“诊断后，她每天在索引卡上做笔记。
She ate at Arby’s, Wendy’s, McDonald’s.
她在阿比餐厅、温迪餐厅、麦当劳吃饭。
Sometimes she did sit-ups and rode an exercise bike.
有时她会做仰卧起坐和骑健身自行车。
She read the paper.
She read the paper.
She got the mail.
She got the mail.
She went to sleep at 8 p.m., 1:30 a.m., 6:30 a.m.
她晚上 8 点、凌晨 1 点 30 分、早上 6 点 30 分睡觉。
Her heart raced.
她的心跳加速。
“‘Dropped fork at lunch,’ she wrote.
“‘午餐时叉子掉了，’她写道。
“‘Felt depressed in evening and cried.’
“‘晚上感到沮丧，哭了。’
“‘Noise outside at 4 a.m.
“‘凌晨 4 点外面有噪音。
sounded like a dog.'”
听起来像只狗。”
Once you finish this piece, read the annotated version of this story, in which Kruse breaks down exactly how he reported each fact from Kathryn Norris’s life.
读完这篇文章后，请阅读这个故事的注释版本，其中克鲁斯准确地分解了他如何报道凯瑟琳·诺里斯生活中的每一个事实。
Incredible.
极好的。
More from the St. Petersburg Times in 2011: “Spectacle: The Lynching of Claude Neal” (Ben Montgomery)
2011 年《圣彼得堡时报》的更多内容：“奇观：克劳德·尼尔的私刑”（本·蒙哥马利）
## 6.
## 6.
What Really Happened Aboard Air France Flight 447
法航 447 航班上到底发生了什么
Jeff Wise | Popular Mechanics | Dec.
杰夫·怀斯 |热门力学 |十二月
6, 2011 | 17 minutes (4,253 words)
2011 年 6 月 | 17 分钟（4,253 个字）
A fatal human error, repeated over and over again, as the reader observes helplessly.
正如读者无助地观察到的那样，这是一个致命的人为错误，一次又一次地重复。
Writer Jeff Wise uses pilot transcripts to deconstruct, conversation by conversation, wrong move by wrong move, how bad weather and miscommunication between the pilots in the cockpit doomed this Airbus 330, which plunged into the Atlantic in 2009, killing 228 people:
作家杰夫·怀斯 (Jeff Wise) 使用飞行员笔录来解构，一次又一次的谈话，一次又一次的错误举动，恶劣的天气和驾驶舱内飞行员之间的沟通不畅，如何注定了这架空客 330 飞机的失败，这架飞机于 2009 年坠入大西洋，造成 228 人死亡：
“02:11:21 (Robert) On a pourtant les moteurs!
“02:11:21（罗伯特）在倾倒的 les moteurs 上！
Qu’est-ce qui se passe bordel?
Qu'est-ce qui se passe bordel？
Je ne comprends pas ce que se passe.
Je ne comprends pas ce que se passe。
(We still have the engines!
（我们还有引擎！
What the hell is happening?
到底发生了什么？
I don’t understand what’s happening.)“Unlike the control yokes of a Boeing jetliner, the side sticks on an Airbus are ‘asynchronous’—that is, they move independently.
我不明白发生了什么。）“与波音喷气式客机的控制杆不同，空客飞机上的侧杆是‘异步’的——也就是说，它们独立移动。
‘If the person in the right seat is pulling back on the joystick, the person in the left seat doesn’t feel it,’ says Dr. David Esser, a professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
“如果右座的人向后拉操纵杆，左座的人则感觉不到，”安柏里德航空大学航空科学教授大卫·埃瑟博士说。
‘Their stick doesn’t move just because the other one does, unlike the old-fashioned mechanical systems like you find in small planes, where if you turn one, the [other] one turns the same way.’ Robert has no idea that, despite their conversation about descending, Bonin has continued to pull back on the side stick.“The men are utterly failing to engage in an important process known as crew resource management, or CRM.
“他们的操纵杆不会仅仅因为另一个操纵杆移动，这与小型飞机中的老式机械系统不同，如果你转动其中一个，另一个操纵杆也会以同样的方式转动。”罗伯特不知道，尽管他们谈论下降，博宁仍然继续拉回侧操纵杆。
They are failing, essentially, to cooperate.
从本质上讲，他们未能合作。
It is not clear to either one of them who is responsible for what, and who is doing what.
他们中的任何一个人都不清楚谁负责什么，谁在做什么。
This is a natural result of having two co-pilots flying the plane.
这是有两名副驾驶驾驶飞机的自然结果。
‘When you have a captain and a first officer in the cockpit, it’s clear who’s in charge,’ Nutter explains.
“当驾驶舱内有一名机长和一名副驾驶时，谁负责就很清楚了，”纳特解释道。
‘The captain has command authority.
‘船长有指挥权。
He’s legally responsible for the safety of the flight.
他对飞行安全负有法律责任。
When you put two first officers up front, it changes things.
当你把两名副驾驶放在前面时，事情就会发生变化。
You don’t have the sort of traditional discipline imposed on the flight deck when you have a captain.'”
当你有机长的时候，飞行甲板上就不会有那种传统的纪律了。”
“02:11:21 (Robert) On a pourtant les moteurs!
“02:11:21（罗伯特）在倾倒的 les moteurs 上！
Qu’est-ce qui se passe bordel?
Qu'est-ce qui se passe bordel？
Je ne comprends pas ce que se passe.
Je ne comprends pas ce que se passe。
(We still have the engines!
（我们还有引擎！
What the hell is happening?
到底发生了什么？
I don’t understand what’s happening.)
我不明白发生了什么事。）
“Unlike the control yokes of a Boeing jetliner, the side sticks on an Airbus are ‘asynchronous’—that is, they move independently.
“与波音喷气式客机的控制杆不同，空客飞机上的侧杆是‘异步’的，也就是说，它们独立移动。
‘If the person in the right seat is pulling back on the joystick, the person in the left seat doesn’t feel it,’ says Dr. David Esser, a professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
“如果右座的人向后拉操纵杆，左座的人则感觉不到，”安柏里德航空大学航空科学教授大卫·埃瑟博士说。
‘Their stick doesn’t move just because the other one does, unlike the old-fashioned mechanical systems like you find in small planes, where if you turn one, the [other] one turns the same way.’ Robert has no idea that, despite their conversation about descending, Bonin has continued to pull back on the side stick.
“他们的操纵杆不会仅仅因为另一个操纵杆移动，这与小型飞机中的老式机械系统不同，如果你转动其中一个，另一根也会以同样的方式转动。”罗伯特不知道，尽管他们谈论下降，博宁仍然继续拉回侧操纵杆。
“The men are utterly failing to engage in an important process known as crew resource management, or CRM.
“这些人完全没有参与被称为船员资源管理（CRM）的重要流程。
They are failing, essentially, to cooperate.
从本质上讲，他们未能合作。
It is not clear to either one of them who is responsible for what, and who is doing what.
他们中的任何一个人都不清楚谁负责什么，谁在做什么。
This is a natural result of having two co-pilots flying the plane.
这是有两名副驾驶驾驶飞机的自然结果。
‘When you have a captain and a first officer in the cockpit, it’s clear who’s in charge,’ Nutter explains.
“当驾驶舱内有一名机长和一名副驾驶时，谁负责就很清楚了，”纳特解释道。
‘The captain has command authority.
‘船长有指挥权。
He’s legally responsible for the safety of the flight.
他对飞行安全负有法律责任。
When you put two first officers up front, it changes things.
当你把两名副驾驶放在前面时，事情就会发生变化。
You don’t have the sort of traditional discipline imposed on the flight deck when you have a captain.'”
当你有机长的时候，飞行甲板上就不会有那种传统的纪律了。”
This, along with “Travis the Menace” and Wired’s “The Incredible True Story of the Collar Bomb Heist,” was one of the most heart-stopping of the year.
这与《特拉维斯的威胁》和《连线》的《项圈炸弹抢劫案的难以置信的真实故事》一起，成为今年最令人心碎的影片之一。
See also: “The Unlikely Event” (Avi Steinberg, Paris Review)
另请参阅：“不可能的事件”（阿维·斯坦伯格，《巴黎评论》）
## 7.
## 7.
Autistic and Seeking a Place in an Adult World
自闭症患者和在成人世界中寻求一席之地
Amy Harmon | The New York Times | Sept.
艾米·哈蒙 |纽约时报 |九月。
18, 2011 | 30 minutes (7,524 words)
2011 年 12 月 18 日 | 30 分钟（7,524 字）
A year in the life of an autistic teen moving into adulthood—a time when support systems can begin to fall away:
自闭症青少年进入成年期的一年——支持系统开始消失的时期：
“Many autistic high school students are facing the adult world with elevated expectations of their own.
“许多患有自闭症的高中生正以更高的期望面对成人世界。
Justin, who relied on a one-on-one aide in school, had by age 17 declared his intention to be a ‘famous animator-illustrator.’ He also dreamed of living in his own apartment, a goal he seemed especially devoted to when, say, his mother asked him to walk the dog.“‘I prefer I move to the apartment,’ he would say, reluctantly setting aside the notebook he spent hours filling with tiny, precise replicas of every known animated character.“‘I prefer I move to the apartment, too,’ his father, Briant, a pharmaceutical company executive, replied on hard days.“Over the year that a New York Times reporter observed it, the transition program at Montclair High served as a kind of boot camp in community integration that might also be, for Justin, a last chance.
贾斯汀在学校里依靠一对一的助手，在 17 岁时就宣布自己想成为一名“著名的动画师兼插画家”。他还梦想住在自己的公寓里，当他的母亲要求他遛狗时，他似乎特别致力于这个目标。“‘我更喜欢搬到公寓去，’他会说，不情愿地把他花了几个小时写满每个已知动画角色的微小而精确的复制品的笔记本放在一边。“‘我更喜欢搬到公寓里去。公寓也是如此，”他的父亲、制药公司高管布莱恩特在艰难的日子里回答道。“在《纽约时报》记者观察的这一年里，蒙特克莱尔高中的过渡计划充当了社区融合的训练营，对于贾斯汀来说，这也可能是最后的机会。
Few such services are available after high school.
高中毕业后很少有这样的服务。
And Justin was entitled to public education programs, by federal law, until only age 21.”
根据联邦法律，贾斯汀有权参加公共教育计划，直至 21 岁。”
“Many autistic high school students are facing the adult world with elevated expectations of their own.
“许多患有自闭症的高中生正以更高的期望面对成人世界。
Justin, who relied on a one-on-one aide in school, had by age 17 declared his intention to be a ‘famous animator-illustrator.’ He also dreamed of living in his own apartment, a goal he seemed especially devoted to when, say, his mother asked him to walk the dog.
贾斯汀在学校里依靠一对一的辅导员，17 岁时就宣布自己想成为一名“著名的动画师兼插画家”。他还梦想住在自己的公寓里，当他的母亲让他遛狗时，他似乎特别致力于这个目标。
“‘I prefer I move to the apartment,’ he would say, reluctantly setting aside the notebook he spent hours filling with tiny, precise replicas of every known animated character.
“‘我更喜欢搬到公寓去，’他会说，不情愿地将他花了几个小时写满每个已知动画角色的微小而精确的复制品的笔记本放在一边。
“‘I prefer I move to the apartment, too,’ his father, Briant, a pharmaceutical company executive, replied on hard days.
“‘我更喜欢搬到公寓去，’他的父亲、制药公司高管布莱恩特在艰难的日子里回答道。
“Over the year that a New York Times reporter observed it, the transition program at Montclair High served as a kind of boot camp in community integration that might also be, for Justin, a last chance.
“在《纽约时报》记者观察的这一年里，蒙特克莱尔高中的过渡计划充当了社区融合的训练营，对于贾斯汀来说，这也可能是最后的机会。
Few such services are available after high school.
高中毕业后很少有这样的服务。
And Justin was entitled to public education programs, by federal law, until only age 21.”
根据联邦法律，贾斯汀有权参加公共教育计划，直至 21 岁。”
Harmon’s was one of several outstanding pieces this year on the subject of autism.
哈蒙的作品是今年关于自闭症主题的几篇杰出作品之一。
Also see Steve Silberman on John Elder Robison, an author with Asperger syndrome.
另请参阅史蒂夫·西尔伯曼（Steve Silberman）关于约翰·埃尔德·罗宾逊（John Elder Robison）的文章，他是一位患有阿斯伯格综合症的作家。
More from Amy Harmon: “A Son of the Bayou, Torn Over Shrimping Life”
艾米·哈蒙 (Amy Harmon) 的更多作品：“河口之子，饱受养虾生活的折磨”
## 8.
## 8.
The Girl from Trails End
小径尽头的女孩
Kathy Dobie | GQ Magazine | Sept.
凯西·多比 | 《GQ》杂志 |九月。
6, 2011 | 26 minutes (6,657 words)
2011 年 6 月 | 26 分钟（6,657 字）
Revisiting the Texas gang-rape story, and a reminder about protecting our youngest victims.
重温德克萨斯州轮奸案，并提醒我们保护最年轻的受害者。
Dobie spends time with the girl’s family and attempts to understand how some members of the community could jump to the defense of the 19 men and boys accused:
多比花时间与女孩的家人在一起，并试图了解社区的一些成员如何站出来为 19 名被指控的男子和男孩辩护：
“While the gag order did silence the defendants and the officials, it didn’t come close to quieting the rumors and accusations, the ill-informed but passionate opinions, the confusion and muddy thinking that obscured what should’ve been a clear-cut case of statutory rape: An 11-year-old child cannot consent to having sex.
“虽然禁言令确实让被告和官员噤声，但它并没有平息谣言和指控、消息不灵通但充满激情的观点、混乱和模糊的思维，这些都掩盖了本应明确的法定强奸案：一个11岁的孩子不能同意发生性行为。
But a deep misunderstanding of the law persisted—of why it exists and the morality it is meant to express, as did an even deeper ignorance of children’s brains and the true nature of vulnerability.“The most confused of all were the young people of Cleveland, the vast majority of whom sided with the boys and men and blamed Regina [not her real name].
但对法律存在的深刻误解仍然存在——对它为何存在以及它所要表达的道德的误解，以及对儿童大脑和脆弱性的真正本质的更深刻的无知。“最困惑的是克利夫兰的年轻人，他们中的绝大多数人站在男孩和男人一边，并指责雷吉娜（不是她的真名）。
The peer pressure to take sides—if you can even call it that, for at times it seemed like a mob versus one girl, all alone—was immense.
同龄人要求选边站队的压力——如果你可以这么说的话，因为有时看起来就像一群暴徒对抗一个独自一人的女孩——是巨大的。
Even the kind ones, the ones who called themselves her friends, had decided against her.
即使是那些善良的人，那些自称是她朋友的人，也决定反对她。
In a Facebook conversation, a 13-year-old who was a cousin of one of the defendants said that Regina was ‘like my best friend n i love her’ but went on to write that ‘she ask for them to do that to her i do not care becuss thats just gross n i will never do that….
在 Facebook 的一次对话中，一名被告的表弟、一名 13 岁的孩子说，雷吉娜“就像我最好的朋友，我爱她”，但接着写道，“她要求他们对她这样做，我不在乎，因为那太恶心了，我永远不会那样做……”
she like a slut type of girl.’ At 13, this girl could no more grasp the susceptibility of an 11-year-old than an anorexic can see herself clearly in a mirror.”
她喜欢荡妇类型的女孩。’13 岁时，这个女孩无法理解 11 岁孩子的易感性，就像厌食症患者无法在镜子中清楚地看到自己一样。”
“While the gag order did silence the defendants and the officials, it didn’t come close to quieting the rumors and accusations, the ill-informed but passionate opinions, the confusion and muddy thinking that obscured what should’ve been a clear-cut case of statutory rape: An 11-year-old child cannot consent to having sex.
“虽然禁言令确实让被告和官员噤声，但它并没有平息谣言和指控、消息不灵通但充满激情的观点、混乱和模糊的思维，这些都掩盖了本应明确的法定强奸案：一个11岁的孩子不能同意发生性行为。
But a deep misunderstanding of the law persisted—of why it exists and the morality it is meant to express, as did an even deeper ignorance of children’s brains and the true nature of vulnerability.
但人们对法律存在深刻的误解——对它为何存在以及它所要表达的道德的误解，以及对儿童大脑和脆弱性的真正本质的更深刻的无知。
“The most confused of all were the young people of Cleveland, the vast majority of whom sided with the boys and men and blamed Regina [not her real name].
“最困惑的是克利夫兰的年轻人，他们中的绝大多数人站在男孩和男人一边，并指责雷吉娜（化名）。
The peer pressure to take sides—if you can even call it that, for at times it seemed like a mob versus one girl, all alone—was immense.
同龄人要求选边站队的压力——如果你可以这么说的话，因为有时看起来就像一群暴徒对抗一个独自一人的女孩——是巨大的。
Even the kind ones, the ones who called themselves her friends, had decided against her.
即使是那些善良的人，那些自称是她朋友的人，也决定反对她。
In a Facebook conversation, a 13-year-old who was a cousin of one of the defendants said that Regina was ‘like my best friend n i love her’ but went on to write that ‘she ask for them to do that to her i do not care becuss thats just gross n i will never do that….
在 Facebook 的一次对话中，一名被告的表弟、一名 13 岁的孩子说，雷吉娜“就像我最好的朋友，我爱她”，但接着写道，“她要求他们对她这样做，我不在乎，因为那太恶心了，我永远不会那样做……”
she like a slut type of girl.’ At 13, this girl could no more grasp the susceptibility of an 11-year-old than an anorexic can see herself clearly in a mirror.”
她喜欢荡妇类型的女孩。’13 岁时，这个女孩无法理解 11 岁孩子的易感性，就像厌食症患者无法在镜子中清楚地看到自己一样。”
Just one of many outstanding pieces from GQ this year, including “The Movie Set that Ate Itself,” essays from John Jeremiah Sullivan, “Blindsided: The Jerry Joseph High School Basketball Scandal,” and a fun collection of oral histories.
这只是《GQ》今年众多优秀作品之一，其中包括《吞噬自己的电影场景》、约翰·杰里米亚·沙利文的文章、《意外：杰里·约瑟夫高中篮球丑闻》以及一本有趣的口述历史合集。
More Dobie: “The Long Shadow of War” (Dec.
更多多比：《战争的长影》（12 月 12 日）
2007)
2007）
## 9.
## 9.
A Sister’s Eulogy for Steve Jobs
一位姐妹对史蒂夫·乔布斯的悼词
Mona Simpson | The New York Times | Oct.
莫娜·辛普森 |纽约时报 |十月
30, 2011 | 9 minutes (2,383 words)
2011 年 30 日 | 9 分钟（2,383 字）
The final moments, and unforgettable last words, of a technology visionary’s life:
技术梦想家一生的最后时刻和令人难忘的遗言：
“He told me, when he was saying goodbye and telling me he was sorry, so sorry we wouldn’t be able to be old together as we’d always planned, that he was going to a better place.“Dr. Fischer gave him a 50/50 chance of making it through the night.“He made it through the night, Laurene next to him on the bed sometimes jerked up when there was a longer pause between his breaths.
“当他说再见时，他告诉我他很抱歉，很抱歉我们不能像我们一直计划的那样白头偕老，他要去一个更好的地方。”费舍尔给了他 50/50 的机会来度过这个夜晚。“他熬过了整个晚上，当他的呼吸之间出现更长的停顿时，躺在他旁边的劳伦有时会猛地站起来。
She and I looked at each other, then he would heave a deep breath and begin again.“This had to be done.
她和我互相看着对方，然后他会深吸一口气，重新开始。
Even now, he had a stern, still handsome profile, the profile of an absolutist, a romantic.
即使现在，他的侧脸依然严肃而英俊，是一个专制主义者、一个浪漫主义者。
His breath indicated an arduous journey, some steep path, altitude.“He seemed to be climbing.“But with that will, that work ethic, that strength, there was also sweet Steve’s capacity for wonderment, the artist’s belief in the ideal, the still more beautiful later.“Steve’s final words, hours earlier, were monosyllables, repeated three times.”
他的呼吸预示着一段艰辛的旅程，一条陡峭的道路，海拔。“他似乎在攀登。”“但是有了那种意志，那种职业道德，那种力量，还有史蒂夫甜蜜的惊奇能力，艺术家对理想的信念，后来变得更加美丽。”几个小时前，史蒂夫的最后一句话是单音节的，重复了三遍。
“He told me, when he was saying goodbye and telling me he was sorry, so sorry we wouldn’t be able to be old together as we’d always planned, that he was going to a better place.
“当他向我说再见时，他告诉我他很抱歉，很抱歉我们不能像我们一直计划的那样白头偕老，他要去一个更好的地方。
“Dr. Fischer gave him a 50/50 chance of making it through the night.
“博士。费舍尔给了他 50/50 的机会度过今晚。
“He made it through the night, Laurene next to him on the bed sometimes jerked up when there was a longer pause between his breaths.
“He made it through the night, Laurene next to him on the bed sometimes jerked up when there was a longer pause between his breaths.
She and I looked at each other, then he would heave a deep breath and begin again.
我和她对视一眼，然后他深吸一口气，重新开始。
“This had to be done.
“This had to be done.
Even now, he had a stern, still handsome profile, the profile of an absolutist, a romantic.
即使现在，他的侧脸依然严肃而英俊，是一个专制主义者、一个浪漫主义者。
His breath indicated an arduous journey, some steep path, altitude.
他的呼吸预示着一段艰辛的旅程，一些陡峭的道路，海拔高度。
“He seemed to be climbing.
“他看起来像是在攀登。
“But with that will, that work ethic, that strength, there was also sweet Steve’s capacity for wonderment, the artist’s belief in the ideal, the still more beautiful later.
“但有了这种意志、那种职业道德、那种力量，还有史蒂夫的惊奇能力，艺术家对理想的信念，后来变得更加美丽。
“Steve’s final words, hours earlier, were monosyllables, repeated three times.”
“几个小时前，史蒂夫的最后一句话是单音节的，重复了三遍。”
Steve Jobs tributes poured in during October and November, including a touching tribute from veteran tech journalist Steven Levy.
10 月和 11 月期间，人们纷纷向史蒂夫·乔布斯致敬，其中包括资深科技记者史蒂文·利维 (Steven Levy) 的感人至深的悼念。
Some of the best reading came from Steve himself, with his 2005 Stanford Commencement speech.
Some of the best reading came from Steve himself, with his 2005 Stanford Commencement speech.
See also: The Steve Jobs archive on Longreads
另请参阅：长读上的史蒂夫·乔布斯档案
## 10.
## 10.
Inside David Foster Wallace’s Private Self-Help Library
Inside David Foster Wallace’s Private Self-Help Library
Maria Bustillos | The Awl | April 5, 2011 | 38 minutes (9,439 words)
Maria Bustillos |锥子| April 5, 2011 | 38 minutes (9,439 words)
The ultimate DFW fan goes on a road trip to see what was on his bookshelves and pore over the marginalia for clues about his life:
DFW 的终极粉丝会进行一次公路旅行，看看他的书架上有什么，并仔细研究旁注，寻找有关他生活的线索：
“One surprise was the number of popular self-help books in the collection, and the care and attention with which he read and reread them.
“One surprise was the number of popular self-help books in the collection, and the care and attention with which he read and reread them.
I mean stuff of the best-sellingest, Oprah-level cheesiness and la-la reputation was to be found in Wallace’s library.
我的意思是，华莱士的图书馆里可以找到最畅销的、奥普拉级别的俗气和啦啦声誉的东西。
Along with all the Wittgenstein, Husserl and Borges, he read John Bradshaw, Willard Beecher, Neil Fiore, Andrew Weil, M.
Along with all the Wittgenstein, Husserl and Borges, he read John Bradshaw, Willard Beecher, Neil Fiore, Andrew Weil, M.
Scott Peck and Alice Miller.
斯科特·佩克和爱丽丝·米勒。
Carefully.“Much of Wallace’s work has to do with cutting himself back down to size, and in a larger sense, with the idea that cutting oneself back down to size is a good one, for anyone (q.v., the Kenyon College commencement speech, later published as This is Water).
华莱士的大部分工作都与削减自己的规模有关，从更广泛的意义上来说，削减自己的规模对任何人来说都是一件好事（q.v.，凯尼恩学院毕业典礼演讲，后来出版为《这就是水》）。
I left the Ransom Center wondering whether one of the most valuable parts of Wallace’s legacy might not be in persuading us to put John Bradshaw on the same level with Wittgenstein.
离开兰塞姆中心时，我想知道华莱士遗产中最有价值的部分之一是否可能不是说服我们将约翰·布拉德肖与维特根斯坦放在同一水平上。
And why not; both authors are human beings who set out to be of some use to their fellows.
And why not;两位作者都是人，都想对同胞有所帮助。
It can be argued, in fact, that getting rid of the whole idea of special gifts, of the exceptional, and of genius, is the most powerful current running through all of Wallace’s work.”
事实上，可以说，摆脱特殊天赋、非凡和天才的整个观念，是贯穿华莱士所有作品的最强大的潮流。”
“One surprise was the number of popular self-help books in the collection, and the care and attention with which he read and reread them.
“One surprise was the number of popular self-help books in the collection, and the care and attention with which he read and reread them.
I mean stuff of the best-sellingest, Oprah-level cheesiness and la-la reputation was to be found in Wallace’s library.
I mean stuff of the best-sellingest, Oprah-level cheesiness and la-la reputation was to be found in Wallace’s library.
Along with all the Wittgenstein, Husserl and Borges, he read John Bradshaw, Willard Beecher, Neil Fiore, Andrew Weil, M.
Along with all the Wittgenstein, Husserl and Borges, he read John Bradshaw, Willard Beecher, Neil Fiore, Andrew Weil, M.
Scott Peck and Alice Miller.
斯科特·佩克和爱丽丝·米勒。
Carefully.
小心。
“Much of Wallace’s work has to do with cutting himself back down to size, and in a larger sense, with the idea that cutting oneself back down to size is a good one, for anyone (q.v., the Kenyon College commencement speech, later published as This is Water).
“华莱士的大部分工作都与削减自己的规模有关，从更广泛的意义上来说，削减自己的规模对任何人来说都是一件好事（q.v.，凯尼恩学院毕业典礼演讲，后来出版为《这就是水》）。
I left the Ransom Center wondering whether one of the most valuable parts of Wallace’s legacy might not be in persuading us to put John Bradshaw on the same level with Wittgenstein.
离开兰塞姆中心时，我想知道华莱士遗产中最有价值的部分之一是否可能不是说服我们将约翰·布拉德肖与维特根斯坦放在同一水平上。
And why not; both authors are human beings who set out to be of some use to their fellows.
And why not; both authors are human beings who set out to be of some use to their fellows.
It can be argued, in fact, that getting rid of the whole idea of special gifts, of the exceptional, and of genius, is the most powerful current running through all of Wallace’s work.”
事实上，可以说，摆脱特殊天赋、非凡和天才的整个观念，是贯穿华莱士所有作品的最强大的潮流。”
After this was published, Bustillos kept going.
这篇文章发表后，布斯蒂洛斯继续前进。
In 2011 she also dissected the work of the late Christopher Hitchens, as well as Wikipedia and Aaron Swartz, among other topics.
In 2011 she also dissected the work of the late Christopher Hitchens, as well as Wikipedia and Aaron Swartz, among other topics.
See more longreads from The Awl in 2011
查看 2011 年《锥子》的更多长篇读物