The Fish That Climbed a Mountain
One hundred thirty baby girls stare up at me with bulging black eyes.
一百三十个女婴用凸出的黑眼睛盯着我。
They’re all gasping, fading fast.
他们都气喘吁吁，很快就消失了。
I’m on a rescue mission, deployed with an elite team of federal operatives, staged in remote mountain wilderness a stone’s throw from the Canadian border.
我正在执行一项救援任务，与一支由联邦特工组成的精英团队一起部署，在距加拿大边境仅一箭之遥的偏远山区荒野中进行。
Things are not looking good.
事情看起来不太好。
One of my partners hustles over to a creek and fills a container with cold, fresh water.
我的一个伙伴赶紧跑到一条小溪，在一个容器里装满了冰冷的淡水。
As he returns, another team member pulls out a canister of oxygen and unwinds a long tube.
当他回来时，另一名队员拿出一罐氧气并展开一根长管。
The fate of the infants will hinge on this operation.
婴儿的命运将取决于这次手术。
A few weeks ago, the girls were selected from the product page of a breeding company: Rainbow trout eggs, disease resistant, all-female, bred with an extra chromosome to ensure sterility, genetically selected for high growth rates and maximum fillet yield.
几周前，这些女孩是从一家育种公司的产品页面上挑选出来的：虹鳟鱼卵，抗病，全雌性，用额外的染色体进行育种以确保不育，经过基因选择以实现高生长率和最大鱼片产量。
Yesterday, our team collected the baby fish from a metal trough in the state-run hatchery where they’d spent the entirety of their short lives.
昨天，我们的团队从国营孵化场的金属槽里收集了小鱼，它们在那里度过了短暂的一生。
From there, we shuttled them via car, boat, and backpack into the “American Alps” of North Cascades National Park—a jagged, glacier-capped landscape in Washington state.
从那里，我们通过汽车、船只和背包将他们运送到北喀斯喀特国家公园的“美国阿尔卑斯山”——华盛顿州的一个锯齿状、冰川覆盖的景观。
The journey has been hard on these little trout, and the water in their small plastic container is now warm, stagnant, and low on oxygen.
对于这些小鳟鱼来说，这段旅程非常艰难，小塑料容器中的水现在变得温暖、停滞且氧气含量低。
They’ve been starved for some time, so they don’t suffocate on their own fecal matter during the trip.
它们已经挨饿了一段时间，所以在旅途中它们不会被自己的粪便窒息。
Several of the girls are belly-up, still breathing but nearly motionless.
几个女孩肚子朝上，仍有呼吸，但几乎一动不动。
A mass of lethargic fish clusters at the bottom, their pink-tipped tails hardly moving.
一群昏昏欲睡的鱼聚集在水底，它们粉红色的尾巴几乎一动不动。
We need these fish to survive, because we’re operating under a mandate from Congress to stock trout in the park’s mountain lakes.
我们需要这些鱼才能生存，因为我们是根据国会的授权在公园的高山湖泊中饲养鳟鱼。
Trout might be the archetypical creatures in the popular imagination of an alpine lake, but, in reality, they’re aliens on this landscape.
鳟鱼可能是大众想象中高山湖泊的典型生物，但实际上，它们在这片土地上是外星人。
The plunging waterfalls that give the Cascade Range its name block fish from swimming up into the mountains.
喀斯喀特山脉因飞流直下的瀑布而得名，它阻止鱼类游入山中。
But, in this one national park, the government has made a rare exception to usher the aliens in.
但是，在这个国家公园里，政府罕见地例外地迎来了外星人。
My teammates on this mission are a quartet of National Park Service scientists and two Trail Blazers—members of a small fishing club based in Washington state.
我执行这项任务的队友是国家公园管理局的四名科学家和两名开拓者——华盛顿州一个小型钓鱼俱乐部的成员。
The park service and this club waged a decades-long war over trout in the mountain lakes of the North Cascades.
公园管理局和这个俱乐部为了争夺北喀斯喀特山区湖泊中的鳟鱼展开了长达数十年的战争。
Now, under the orders of Congress, the group’s volunteers and park biologists are working together on a plan to bring these fish into the alpine.
现在，根据国会的命令，该组织的志愿者和公园生物学家正在共同制定一项计划，将这些鱼带入高山。
We pour out the stagnant water.
我们倒掉积水。
Quickly, the two Trail Blazers refill the jug with frigid stream water and snake the oxygen tube into the opening.
两名开拓者迅速将冰冷的溪水重新装满罐子，并将氧气管插入开口处。
The pinkie-sized fish are thrashed around as gas bubbles roil the water.
当气泡搅动水面时，小指大小的鱼被拍打。
We seal the container back up and I replace it in the top of my backpack.
我们将容器密封起来，然后将其放回背包顶部。
As we get back on the trail, I hear the splashing of tiny bodies just behind my head.
当我们回到小路上时，我听到我头后传来微小物体的溅水声。
Have we resuscitated them enough to make it to their new home?
我们是否已经对他们进行了足够的复苏以使其顺利抵达新家？
And the other question I can’t shake: If we can get them there, do they even belong?
还有一个我无法回避的问题：如果我们能把他们带到那里，他们是否属于这里？
My first time casting a line in a mountain wilderness was the summer of 2014.
我第一次在山野里抛线是在2014年的夏天。
I had joined my dad, brother, and some family friends on a backpacking trip in the Eagles Nest Wilderness in Colorado.
我和父亲、兄弟以及一些家人朋友一起在科罗拉多州的鹰巢荒野进行了一次背包旅行。
After we made camp by a lake, I walked down to the shoreline and assembled a small fishing rod.
我们在湖边扎营后，我走到海岸线并组装了一根小钓鱼竿。
The first cast splashed into the reflected mountains that stretched across the lake’s surface, spreading ripples across the rock faces and snow patches.
第一个冰块溅入湖面倒映的山脉中，在岩石表面和雪地上泛起涟漪。
I had just started retrieving my line when suddenly my rod doubled over.
我刚开始收回鱼线，突然鱼竿翻了过来。
I yanked back on the pole and started reeling.
我猛地拉回竿子，开始摇晃。
The fish zigged one way, then the other, leaping above the surface and thrashing furiously.
鱼先是一曲一曲，然后又一曲一曲，跃出水面，猛烈地扑腾。
After an intense battle, I pulled the exhausted fish to shore and unhooked a gorgeous, iridescent trout.
经过一场激烈的战斗，我把疲惫不堪的鱼拉到岸边，并解开了一条华丽的虹彩鳟鱼。
A few casts later, and I had another one.
几次演员之后，我又得到了另一个。
For several days, we ate fresh trout for dinner every night, sizzled in a fry pan with a blend of seasonings.
连续几天，我们每晚都吃新鲜的鳟鱼作为晚餐，在煎锅中用混合调味料煎炸。
I spent nearly every daylight hour fishing on the shore of the lake, obsessed with this wild place and the thrill of living off the land.
我几乎每天白天都在湖边钓鱼，沉迷于这片荒野和在陆地上生活的快感。
I caught at least 50 trout, only keeping a few for the evening feast, but never tiring of that fresh pulse of excitement when a fish struck my lure.
我钓到了至少 50 条鳟鱼，只留了几条作为晚上的盛宴，但当鱼击中我的鱼饵时，我从未厌倦过那种新鲜的兴奋。
It was a trip that changed something in me.
这次旅行改变了我的一些事情。
I’ve spent the decade-plus since reorienting my life to spend more time in wild places.
自从重新调整自己的生活以在野外度过更多时间以来，我已经花了十多年的时间。
In 2017, I spent five months thru-hiking the Pacific Crest Trail from the Mexican border to Canada.
2017 年，我花了五个月的时间徒步从墨西哥边境到加拿大的 Pacific Crest Trail。
My wife and I spent our honeymoon last summer road-tripping through the mountains of Canada and Alaska.
去年夏天，我和妻子在加拿大和阿拉斯加的山区公路旅行中度过了蜜月。
Would the Colorado trip have been as impactful if there weren’t fish in that lake?
如果那个湖里没有鱼，科罗拉多之旅还会有那么大的影响力吗？
I truly don’t know.
我真的不知道。
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What I do know—now—is that the trout in the lake were dumped from an airplane by Colorado Parks & Wildlife.
我现在所知道的是，湖里的鳟鱼是科罗拉多公园和野生动物管理局从飞机上扔下来的。
That the first salmon I ever caught, on a river along Lake Michigan, was a species that didn’t exist in the Great Lakes until 1966.
我在密歇根湖沿岸的一条河上捕获的第一条鲑鱼是一种直到 1966 年才出现在五大湖的物种。
That the rainbows I pulled out of Green Lake in Seattle, the fishing that kept me sane during the pandemic, reached their impressive size after years of being fattened in a hatchery.
我从西雅图绿湖钓到的彩虹鱼，在疫情期间让我保持理智的捕鱼，经过多年在孵化场的培育，已经达到了令人印象深刻的尺寸。
My treasured memories, I’ve learned, are all subsidized by a massive Fish Industrial Complex—one that has taken a toll on all sorts of insects, invertebrates, frogs, and salamanders.
据我所知，我珍贵的记忆都是由一个巨大的渔业工业园区资助的——这个工业园区对各种昆虫、无脊椎动物、青蛙和蝾螈造成了损失。
It was a Twitter post that first alerted me that this system included a national park: North Cascades, about three hours from my home outside Seattle, is one of the most remote, rugged landscapes in the Lower 48, and the only park to stock non-native fish.
是一条 Twitter 帖子首先提醒我这个系统包括一个国家公园：北喀斯喀特 (North Cascades)，距我在西雅图郊外的家约三小时车程，是 48 州最偏远、最崎岖的景观之一，也是唯一一个饲养非本地鱼类的公园。
I became obsessed with how this came to be.
我开始着迷于这一切是如何发生的。
I pored over decades’ worth of newspaper clippings and congressional testimony.
我仔细研究了数十年的剪报和国会证词。
I called up state wildlife managers, federal scientists, fishing club members, and environmentalists.
我打电话给州野生动物管理人员、联邦科学家、钓鱼俱乐部成员和环保人士。
Then, after over a year of research, I found myself on a mountainside deep in the park—with 130 baby trout on my back.
然后，经过一年多的研究，我发现自己身处公园深处的山腰上，背上背着 130 条小鳟鱼。
While they don’t get much public attention, in the US, our state Fish & Game agencies are our wildlife authorities, with jurisdiction over just about everything that swims, runs, hops, burrows, and crawls.
虽然它们没有得到太多公众的关注，但在美国，我们的州渔业和狩猎机构是我们的野生动物当局，对几乎所有游泳、跑步、跳跃、挖洞和爬行的动物都有管辖权。
These agencies get the vast majority of their revenue from fishing and hunting license sales, plus a federal tax on the sale of hook-and-bullet gear.
这些机构的大部分收入来自捕鱼和狩猎许可证的销售，以及对销售钩弹装备的联邦税。
This is what’s known as an “enterprise funding model,” and it allows anglers to take pride in their role in paying for conservation work.
这就是所谓的“企业资助模式”，它让垂钓者为自己在支付保护工作费用方面所扮演的角色感到自豪。
The problem is that a great deal of that “conservation work” is focused on producing enough products for hunters and anglers to keep buying licenses.
问题在于，大部分“保护工作”都集中在为猎人和钓鱼者生产足够的产品来继续购买许可证。
The agencies spend much of their money on fish hatcheries and other interventions to place target species on the landscape.
这些机构将大量资金用于鱼类孵化场和其他干预措施，以将目标物种放置在景观中。
“I used to joke that we ought to be part of the Agriculture Department,” Fred Koontz, a former member of the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission, once told me during an interview.
“我曾经开玩笑说我们应该成为农业部的一部分，”华盛顿鱼类和野生动物委员会前成员弗雷德·孔茨（Fred Koontz）曾在接受采访时告诉我。
“What we do is produce animals for harvest, we plant pheasants and fish, we’re producing crops.”
“我们所做的是饲养动物以供收获，我们种植野鸡和鱼类，我们生产农作物。”
My treasured memories, I’ve learned, are all subsidized by a massive Fish Industrial Complex—one that has taken a toll on all sorts of insects, invertebrates, frogs, and salamanders.
据我所知，我珍贵的记忆都是由一个巨大的渔业工业园区资助的——这个工业园区对各种昆虫、无脊椎动物、青蛙和蝾螈造成了损失。
Then we have the feds.
然后我们还有联邦政府。
Wildlife managers at the national level mostly concern themselves with animals listed under the Endangered Species Act, leaving states to handle the rest.
国家一级的野生动物管理者主要关注《濒危物种法》中列出的动物，其余的由各州负责处理。
But there have long been clashes over whether states’ management authority extends to federal public land, and whether the Wilderness Act of 1964—a US federal statute to preserve wild lands in an “untrammeled” state—allows for fish stocking.
但长期以来，关于各州的管理权是否延伸到联邦公共土地，以及 1964 年《荒野法案》（一项旨在保护“不受约束”的州的荒地的美国联邦法规）是否允许鱼类放养的问题一直存在冲突。
For decades, national parks have taken a hard-line view that forbids state officials and their fish.
几十年来，国家公园一直采取强硬立场，禁止国家官员及其鱼类。
Only in the North Cascades has the door remained cracked open for trout.
只有在北喀斯喀特，鳟鱼的大门仍然敞开。
Thirty-five years before my trout came to life, another batch of rainbows sat in a state facility, awaiting their marching orders.
在我的鳟鱼复活前三十五年，另一批彩虹坐在国家设施中，等待着它们的出发命令。
A cold war between the state of Washington and the federal government was escalating toward real conflict.
华盛顿州和联邦政府之间的冷战正在升级为真正的冲突。
These fish had been conscripted to serve as paratroopers in the state’s first attack, dropped behind enemy lines.
这些鱼被征召入伍，在该州的第一次袭击中充当伞兵，投放到敌后。
For years, officials at the National Park Service had been seeking to restore lakes to natural ecosystems teeming with amphibians and invertebrates instead of fly-fishing playgrounds stocked with trout.
多年来，国家公园管理局的官员一直在寻求将湖泊恢复为充满两栖动物和无脊椎动物的自然生态系统，而不是充满鳟鱼的飞钓游乐场。
Emerging research indicated that lakes with high densities of planted trout were in bad shape.
新兴研究表明，鳟鱼养殖密度较高的湖泊状况不佳。
The aggressive fish gobbled up frogs and salamanders.
这种好斗的鱼吞食了青蛙和蝾螈。
The invertebrates at the base of the lakes’ food chain—crustaceans, plankton, tiny shrimp—plummeted as well.
位于湖泊食物链底部的无脊椎动物——甲壳类动物、浮游生物、小虾——数量也大幅减少。
Some scientists came to regard trout-infested lakes as ecological deserts.
一些科学家开始将鳟鱼出没的湖泊视为生态沙漠。
By 1987, every national park but North Cascades had phased out its fish-stocking program, and this last park was finally poised to fall into line.
到 1987 年，除了北喀斯喀特国家公园外，所有国家公园都已经逐步取消了鱼类放养计划，而最后一个国家公园也终于准备就绪。
But Washington State Wildlife Department leaders still felt it was their authority to decide which animals appeared on the landscape.
但华盛顿州野生动物部门的领导人仍然认为他们有权决定哪些动物出现在这片土地上。
Recreation added to the park experience.
休闲活动增添了公园的体验。
Fishermen were their customer base, a constituency to be served.
渔民是他们的客户群，是需要服务的群体。
Growing desperate, they prepared to take matters into their own hands.
他们越来越绝望，准备将事情掌握在自己手中。
Director Jack Wayland told the press that his agency had secured a helicopter and a pilot.
导演杰克·韦兰告诉媒体，他的机构已经找到了一架直升机和一名飞行员。
The following day, they would collect thousands of rainbow trout from a state hatchery and “bomb” a dozen lakes in the national park—federal policy be damned.“The state looked at lakes like a farmer looks at a cornfield,” Jon Jarvis, the park’s natural resources chief at the time, told me.
第二天，他们将从州立孵化场收集数千条虹鳟鱼，并“轰炸”国家公园内的十几个湖泊——该死的联邦政策。“国家看待湖泊就像农民看待玉米地一样，”时任公园自然资源主管的乔恩·贾维斯告诉我。
“Their job was to produce more things that people can hunt and catch.”
“他们的工作是生产更多人们可以狩猎和捕捉的东西。”
These fish had been conscripted to serve as paratroopers in the state’s first attack, dropped behind enemy lines.
这些鱼被征召入伍，在该州的第一次袭击中充当伞兵，投放到敌后。
Jarvis was part of a new generation of National Park Service leaders who valued landscapes as much for their ecological balance as their recreational potential.
贾维斯是新一代国家公园管理局领导人中的一员，他们重视景观的生态平衡和休闲潜力。
When state officials dismissively said that trout eat “squigglies in the mud,” Jarvis countered that those squigglies were protected.
当州官员轻蔑地说鳟鱼吃“泥里的波浪形动物”时，贾维斯反驳说这些波浪形动物受到保护。
After the state announced its plan for a piscine air strike, he plotted a counterattack.
在国家宣布对鱼进行空袭的计划后，他策划了反击。
“Our plan was to go right in behind them and poison the lakes,” he recalled.
“我们的计划是直接跟在他们后面，毒害湖泊，”他回忆道。
He intended to use rotenone, a chemical compound lethal to fish.
他打算使用鱼藤酮，一种对鱼类致命的化合物。
Park scientists would send fly fishermen home empty-handed and keep frogs and salamanders in their place atop the aquatic food chain.
公园里的科学家们会让飞钓者空手回家，而让青蛙和蝾螈保持在水生食物链的顶端。
The helicopter never took off.
直升机从未起飞。
A high-ranking bureaucrat from the US Department of the Interior in Washington, DC, himself a fishing enthusiast, declared a temporary truce: Fish stocking would continue, but the state would help to pay for a study on the effects of trout in mountain ecosystems.
华盛顿特区美国内政部的一位高级官员本人也是一名钓鱼爱好者，他宣布暂时休战：鱼类放养将继续，但国家将资助一项关于鳟鱼对山区生态系统影响的研究。
The air raid had been scrubbed, but the war would drag on for decades.
空袭已经被消除，但战争仍持续了数十年。
By July 2014, Jarvis was three promotions removed from his fish-poisoning scheme and entering his fifth year as President Obama’s director of the National Park Service.
到 2014 年 7 月，贾维斯因鱼毒计划而被取消了三次晋升，并进入了他担任奥巴马总统国家公园管理局局长的第五个年头。
Five years had also passed since the last trout was planted in North Cascades National Park.
距离北喀斯喀特国家公园种植最后一条鳟鱼也已经过去了五年。
In 2009, after endless negotiations, truces, and studies, the park finally concluded that its mandate to protect wilderness was not compatible with dumping non-native fish into lakes for the enjoyment of anglers.
2009年，经过无休止的谈判、休战和研究，公园最终得出结论，保护荒野的使命与将非本地鱼类倾倒到湖泊供钓鱼者享用是不相容的。
Unless Congress revoked its own commandments for wilderness, there was no choice but to return the landscape to a fishless state.
除非国会撤销自己的荒野戒律，否则别无选择，只能将土地恢复到无鱼状态。
The long saga, in the eyes of the government, was over.
在政府看来，漫长的传奇已经结束了。
Not so for the anglers.
对于钓鱼者来说并非如此。
The Trail Blazers hadn’t given up.
开拓者队并没有放弃。
This Washington-based fishing club is a small clan of about 50 volunteers who conduct trout stocking and survey work across the state—a group of grizzled Johnny Appleseed-like characters who roam the landscape planting fish instead of trees.
这家总部位于华盛顿的钓鱼俱乐部是一个由约 50 名志愿者组成的小团体，他们在全州范围内进行鳟鱼放养和调查工作——一群头发花白的约翰尼·阿普尔塞德 (Johnny Appleseed) 般的人物在这片土地上漫步，种植鱼类而不是树木。
Where other states drop trout from airplanes, Washington wildlife managers send Trail Blazers trudging into the mountains with baby fish on their backs.
其他州从飞机上投下鳟鱼，而华盛顿州的野生动物管理人员则派遣开拓者队背着小鱼艰难地进入山区。
Now blocked from the North Cascades, the club’s members decided to climb Capitol Hill instead.
由于北喀斯喀特山脉被封锁，俱乐部成员决定攀登国会山。
Sandy McKean, a longtime Trail Blazer, was one of the club members who “sponsored” lakes in the North Cascades, hauling in the fish provided by state hatcheries.
桑迪·麦基恩（Sandy McKean）是一位长期的开拓者球员，他是“赞助”北喀斯喀特湖泊的俱乐部成员之一，负责拖运州立孵化场提供的鱼。
His idea of paradise is to be reclined in a tiny backpacking raft in the middle of a lake surrounded by mountains, waiting for fish to bite, occasionally enhancing the experience with a substance now legal in Washington state.
他心目中的天堂就是躺在四面环山的湖中央的一个小型背包木筏上，等待鱼儿上钩，偶尔用一种现在在华盛顿州合法的物质来增强体验。
North Cascades National Park, where glittering lakes sit beneath towering rock spires and brawny glaciers, represented just about the most idyllic version of that nirvana.
北喀斯喀特国家公园里，闪闪发光的湖泊坐落在高耸的岩石尖顶和坚固的冰川之下，几乎代表了这种涅槃的最田园诗般的版本。
McKean was not about to give up on the dream.
麦基恩并不打算放弃这个梦想。
“We decided to call the bluff of the National Park Service,” he told me.
“我们决定揭穿国家公园管理局的虚张声势，”他告诉我。
“They said, ‘Unless Congress authorizes fish stocking, we can’t do it.’ So I said, ‘Let’s get a bill passed.’”
“他们说，‘除非国会授权放养鱼类，否则我们不能这样做。’所以我说，‘让我们通过一项法案吧。’”
Former US Representative Doc Hastings, a small-government Republican whose district included the park, was sympathetic to the club’s arguments.
前美国众议员黑斯廷斯（Doc Hastings）是一位小政府共和党人，他的选区就包括该公园，他对俱乐部的观点表示同情。
The North Cascades landscape had a long history of trout stocking, preceding the relatively recent establishment of the national park in 1968.
早在 1968 年国家公园成立之前，北喀斯喀特地区就有悠久的鳟鱼放养历史。
As Martin Doern, who was then serving as Hastings’ legislative director, told me, “Although the mission of the Park Service evolved, [Hastings] was definitely more of a defender of the community’s understanding that they would still be able to do this [after the park was formed].”
正如当时担任黑斯廷斯立法总监的马丁·多恩 (Martin Doern) 告诉我的那样，“尽管公园管理局的使命发生了变化，但 [黑斯廷斯] 绝对更多地是社区理解的捍卫者，即他们仍然能够[在公园成立后] 做到这一点。”
Doern and McKean put their heads together and drafted a bill that directed the agency to restore its fish-stocking program in North Cascades National Park.
多恩和麦基恩齐心协力起草了一项法案，指示该机构恢复北喀斯喀特国家公园的鱼类放养计划。
For years, the legislation went nowhere.
多年来，这项立法毫无进展。
Even McKean, the dogged advocate, gave up hope and stopped paying attention to the latest developments on Capitol Hill.
就连顽固的倡导者麦基恩也放弃了希望，不再关注国会山的最新动态。
Then one day in 2014, he got a call: His bill had become law.
2014 年的一天，他接到电话：他的法案已成为法律。
“Frankly, I didn’t believe it,” McKean said.
“坦白说，我不相信，”麦基恩说。
“I thought it would never pass.”
“我以为这件事永远不会过去。”
Hastings was serving his final term as chairman of the House Committee on Natural Resources and trying to wrap up a few final priority issues, Doern recalled.
多恩回忆说，黑斯廷斯正在履行众议院自然资源委员会主席的最后一个任期，并试图解决一些最后的优先问题。
He may have swapped favors with some colleagues.
他可能与一些同事交换了人情。
The bill quietly slipped through the Senate with little fanfare: The Trail Blazers had won.
该法案悄无声息地在参议院获得通过：开拓者队获胜。
Congress was now telling Jon Jarvis that the alien trout belonged after all.
国会现在告诉乔恩·贾维斯，这条外星鳟鱼毕竟属于这里。
His boss, President Obama, signed H.R.1158, the North Cascades National Park Service Complex Fish Stocking Act, on July 25.
他的老板奥巴马总统于 7 月 25 日签署了 H.R.1158，即《北喀斯喀特国家公园服务综合鱼类放养法案》。
“We tried to rally the conservation community to our side on this issue, and got basically nowhere,” Jarvis recalled.
贾维斯回忆道：“我们试图在这个问题上让保护界团结起来，但基本上没有结果。”
Environmental groups, he found, had boards that were composed heavily of fly fishermen.
他发现，环保组织的董事会主要由飞钓者组成。
My 130 baby trout have finally made it to their new home.
我的 130 条小鳟鱼终于到了新家。
It’s been nine years since Congress instructed the National Park Service to find up to 42 lakes and fill them with fish.
国会指示国家公园管理局寻找多达 42 个湖泊并在其中养鱼已经九年了。
I’m standing on the shore of one of them, a 15-acre lake shaped like a drumstick, flanked by fir-covered slopes that march up to rocky precipices.
我站在其中一个湖泊的岸边，这是一个占地 15 英亩的湖，形状像鼓槌，两侧是长满冷杉的斜坡，一直延伸到岩石悬崖。
For now, there are no fish in these waters.
目前，这些水域还没有鱼。
The last survivors of the batch planted here in 2017 likely died out over the winter.
2017 年在这里种植的那批最后的幸存者很可能在冬天就死掉了。
I’m told the fish caught here last summer, nearing the end of their life cycle, were absolute monsters.
有人告诉我去年夏天在这里捕获的鱼，它们的生命周期已接近尾声，绝对是怪物。
On the far shore, a pair of our team’s Park Service researchers walk the bank, dipping nets into the water periodically.
在远处的海岸上，我们团队的两名公园管理局研究人员沿着河岸行走，定期将网浸入水中。
They’re sampling for all sorts of insects and aquatic invertebrates, the “squigglies” that will soon make up the diet of our little trout.
他们正在对各种昆虫和水生无脊椎动物进行采样，这些“波浪形动物”很快就会成为我们小鳟鱼的食物。
The stocking program today doesn’t just dump fish in the water.
今天的放养计划不仅仅是将鱼倒入水中。
It’s a careful partnership between the National Park Service, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Trail Blazers club.
这是国家公园管理局、华盛顿鱼类和野生动物部门以及开拓者俱乐部之间的精心合作。
They plant sterile trout in small numbers—a safeguard to ensure frogs and salamanders aren’t wiped out by a runaway fish population.
他们少量种植不育鳟鱼，这是确保青蛙和蝾螈不会被失控的鱼类种群消灭的保障措施。
Counterintuitively, the trout that reproduce naturally cause the most ecological harm.
与直觉相反，自然繁殖的鳟鱼造成的生态危害最大。
The new method, where each generation of fish is raised in a hatchery and carried in by hand, seems to allow these waters to retain more of their natural balance.
这种新方法，每一代鱼都在孵化场饲养，并由人工搬运，似乎可以让这些水域更多地保持自然平衡。
In addition to hauling in the trout, the Trail Blazers conduct their own survey work that helps inform the park’s management plans.
除了拖运鳟鱼外，开拓者队还进行自己的调查工作，帮助为公园的管理计划提供信息。
Plenty of lakes still have self-sustaining trout populations, an artifact of the days when the fish planted here weren’t sterile.
许多湖泊仍然有能够自我维持的鳟鱼种群，这是这里种植的鱼还没有生育能力的时代的产物。
In some cases, those fish have reproduced in immense numbers.
在某些情况下，这些鱼会大量繁殖。
These “stunted” lakes are full of thousands of undersized trout, not great for fishing or ecological balance.
这些“发育不良”的湖泊里充满了数千条体型较小的鳟鱼，不利于捕鱼或生态平衡。
The research conducted with the aid of the club has helped determine not only where fish should be stocked, but where they should be eradicated.
在该俱乐部的帮助下进行的研究不仅帮助确定了应该在哪里放养鱼类，还帮助确定了应该在哪里消灭鱼类。
It’s provided valuable information on how the presence of trout affects invertebrate populations—it could even be argued that the reimagined stocking program has done more good than harm to the park’s habitat.
它提供了有关鳟鱼的存在如何影响无脊椎动物种群的宝贵信息——甚至可以说，重新设计的放养计划对公园的栖息地利大于弊。
The Trail Blazers certainly feel they’ve created a model program.
开拓者队当然觉得他们已经创造了一个模范计划。
Years of advocacy, now backed up by grunt work and sweat, have restored a treasured recreation opportunity while using modern methods to avoid the pitfalls of old-school fish planting.
多年的倡导，现在在艰苦的工作和汗水的支持下，恢复了宝贵的休闲机会，同时使用现代方法避免了老式养鱼的陷阱。
Lakes that once hosted thousands of fish now have a curated batch of a few hundred, topped off maybe twice a decade.
曾经拥有数千条鱼的湖泊现在已经有数百条精心挑选的鱼，并且每十年可能会达到两次。
“What people don’t understand is that the best way to create a fishery in these high lakes is to stock them, to control the population.
“人们不明白的是，在这些高海拔湖泊中发展渔业的最佳方法是放养它们，控制种群数量。
The environmental damage happens when the fish populations get out of control,” McKean told me.
当鱼类种群失控时，环境就会受到破坏，”麦基恩告诉我。
I wade into the lake and pick up the carton holding the trout.
我趟进湖里，捡起装着鳟鱼的纸箱。
They seem lively, much improved from their sluggish state a few hours ago.
他们看上去精神抖擞，比几个小时前的萎靡状态好多了。
I open the top and slowly pour out a little water.
我打开顶部，慢慢倒出一点水。
A few fish shoot into the lake.
几条鱼射入湖中。
They dart around, looking for cover, quickly fanning out in the rocks and weeds.
它们四处飞奔，寻找掩护，并在岩石和杂草中迅速呈扇形散开。
They seem right at home.
他们看起来就像在家里一样。
Soon, the carton is empty.
很快，纸箱就空了。
No trout float to the surface; all 130 have survived.
没有鳟鱼浮到水面； 130人全部幸存。
Before long, they’ll have explored every nook and cranny of this lake.
不久之后，他们就会探索这个湖的每一个角落。
They’ll learn to feast on what the lake has to offer.
他们将学会享用湖泊所提供的美食。
Some will be eaten themselves.
有些会自己被吃掉。
In a few years, they’ll have grown to a catchable size, and the Trail Blazers will be back with their fly rods.
几年后，它们就会长到可以捕捉的大小，开拓者队也会带着飞钓竿回来。
I won’t pretend I can get inside the mind of a trout, but it does strike me as a wild experience.
我不会假装我能进入鳟鱼的大脑，但这确实让我觉得这是一次狂野的经历。
To be raised in a metal trough, fed on pellets, then carted up a mountain into a completely new environment—but maybe one that feels more like home than the hatchery ever did.
在金属槽中饲养，喂食颗粒，然后用车运上山，进入一个全新的环境——但也许比孵化场感觉更像家。
I imagine explaining to the fish that their lives will play out here now because Congress decided that recreational opportunities are important.
我想象着向鱼们解释，它们的生命现在将在这里展开，因为国会认为娱乐机会很重要。
David Fluharty wishes I hadn’t carried those trout into the park.
大卫·弗鲁哈蒂希望我没有把那些鳟鱼带进公园。
Prior to my trip, he told me to give him a call, so he could share the “terrible tale” of how this stocking program came to be revived, how fishermen and politicians teamed up to defeat the scientists and conservationists.
在我旅行之前，他让我给他打电话，这样他就可以分享这个“可怕的故事”：这个放养计划是如何复兴的，渔民和政客如何联手击败科学家和自然资源保护主义者。
Fluharty is an emeritus professor at the University of Washington and also served for a time as president of the North Cascades Conservation Council.
弗鲁哈蒂是华盛顿大学的名誉教授，还曾担任北喀斯喀特保护委员会主席。
That group’s advocacy was pivotal for securing the creation of North Cascades National Park in 1968.
该组织的倡导对于 1968 年北喀斯喀特国家公园的建立至关重要。
Since then, it has served as a conservation voice for issues related to the park.
从那时起，它就成为公园相关问题的保护代言人。
In Fluharty’s telling, his group partly pushed for park status because so many of Washington’s lakes had been taken over by planted trout.
据弗鲁哈蒂讲述，他的团队之所以推动公园地位，部分原因是华盛顿的许多湖泊都被人工养殖的鳟鱼占领了。
While lakes in the US Forest Service system were basically free rein for fish stockers, converting the land to a national park offered some hope for protection.
虽然美国林务局系统中的湖泊基本上可以自由放养鱼类，但将土地转变为国家公园为保护提供了一些希望。
“Out of 4,000 high lakes in Washington, we thought it wasn’t too much to ask that we put the 275 lakes in the North Cascades off limits to fish stocking and try to restore their natural integrity,” he said.
他说：“在华盛顿州 4,000 个高海拔湖泊中，我们认为禁止北喀斯喀特山脉 275 个湖泊放养鱼类并努力恢复其自然完整性并不过分。”
I imagine explaining to the fish that their lives will play out here now because Congress decided that recreational opportunities are important.
我想象着向鱼们解释，它们的生命现在将在这里展开，因为国会认为娱乐机会很重要。
Fluharty has hosted Trail Blazers at his house, finds them to be thoughtful guys, and respects their commitment.
弗鲁哈蒂在他的家里接待了开拓者队，发现他们都是有思想的人，并且尊重他们的承诺。
Yet he remains deeply frustrated that they won.
但他仍然对他们获胜深感沮丧。
The idea that they’ve engineered a solution that may be less harmful to the lake ecosystems does nothing to quell that.
尽管他们设计了一种对湖泊生态系统危害较小的解决方案，但这并不能平息这种情况。
He’s not impressed with the “Frankenfish” that can’t reproduce.
他对无法繁殖的“弗兰肯鱼”不以为然。
“That’s not the standard to which the National Park Service is supposed to be managing,” he said.
“这不是国家公园管理局应该管理的标准，”他说。
“To me, it’s absolutist that you protect everything and let natural processes take place.
“对我来说，保护一切并让自然过程发生是绝对主义的。
We shouldn’t be trying to decide if there’s an acceptable tradeoff.”
我们不应该试图决定是否存在可接受的权衡。”
At one point, Fluharty found himself in a debate with a Trail Blazer who argued that trout just eat mosquitoes.
有一次，弗鲁哈蒂发现自己与一位开拓者进行了一场辩论，后者认为鳟鱼只吃蚊子。
“I said, ‘Well, I’m for the mosquitoes.
“我说，‘好吧，我是为了蚊子。
Frogs need the mosquitoes, salamanders need the mosquitoes.’” Those arguments—it’s just a few lakes, it’s just mosquitoes—are what Fluharty sees as the root of the problem.
青蛙需要蚊子，蝾螈需要蚊子。”这些争论——这只是几个湖泊，只是蚊子——是弗鲁哈蒂认为问题的根源。
If even federal wilderness in a national park is subject to manipulation, no matter how carefully crafted, what does that say about the rest of our landscapes?
如果即使是国家公园内的联邦荒野也会受到操纵，无论设计得多么精心，那么我们其他的景观又意味着什么呢？
If Congress will pass a law, if wildlife agencies will breed sterile fish, if the National Park Service will escort stockers into the alpine, just to ensure a small fishing club can enjoy some summer weekends, what does that say about the reasons we value wild places?
如果国会通过一项法律，如果野生动物机构将繁殖不育鱼类，如果国家公园管理局将护送放养者进入高山，只是为了确保小型钓鱼俱乐部可以享受一些夏季周末，这说明了我们重视野生地方的原因是什么？
The North Cascades is one of the few places where these questions are even considered.
北喀斯喀特是少数几个考虑这些问题的地方之一。
For most of the last century, anywhere outside of national parks, wildlife managers have operated under a Manifest Destiny to breed trout by the millions and establish a fishery in almost any lake or stream that will support them.
在上个世纪的大部分时间里，在国家公园以外的任何地方，野生动物管理者都在“昭昭命运”的指引下养殖数以百万计的鳟鱼，并在几乎所有能够养活鳟鱼的湖泊或溪流中建立渔业。
For Fluharty, the fight over the North Cascades feels like trying to save one remaining manuscript from a library that’s already been plundered.
对于弗鲁哈蒂来说，围绕北喀斯喀特山脉的斗争就像试图从已经被掠夺的图书馆中拯救一份剩余的手稿。
In America, rainbow trout are somewhere between an agricultural product, an apex predator, and sporting goods for a multi-billion-dollar industry.
在美国，虹鳟鱼介于农产品、顶级捕食者和体育用品之间，产业价值数十亿美元。
Once found only in certain coastal streams along the Pacific Ocean, they’ve now staked a claim to nearly every corner of the world, thanks to our zealous hatchery programs.
由于我们热心的孵化计划，它们曾经只在太平洋沿岸的某些沿海溪流中被发现，现在几乎遍布世界每个角落。
In the wild, the fish lay thousands of eggs along gravel stream bottoms.
在野外，这种鱼沿着砾石溪流底部产下数以千计的卵。
Freshly hatched trout carry a yolk sac, which feeds them for a few weeks.
刚孵化的鳟鱼带有卵黄囊，可以喂它们几周的时间。
They quickly learn to feed on plankton and grow to the “fingerling” stage—the size of the fish I carried into the park.
它们很快就学会了以浮游生物为食，并成长到“鱼种”阶段——我带进公园的鱼的大小。
At this point, they’re lined with vertical stripes along the length of their tiny bodies.
此时，它们微小的身体上布满了垂直条纹。
In America, rainbow trout are somewhere between an agricultural product, an apex predator, and sporting goods for a multi-billion-dollar industry.
在美国，虹鳟鱼介于农产品、顶级捕食者和体育用品之间，产业价值数十亿美元。
These little fish know how to get the most out of a lake’s buffet.
这些小鱼知道如何充分利用湖泊的自助餐。
If it’s in the water, rainbow trout will eat it: Plankton, eggs, tadpoles, minnows, crayfish, leeches, and flies are all on the menu.
如果它在水中，虹鳟鱼就会吃掉它：浮游生物、鸡蛋、蝌蚪、米诺鱼、小龙虾、水蛭和苍蝇都在菜单上。
They grow quickly.
他们成长得很快。
Within a few years, they may be well over a foot in length and meaty enough to make a hearty dinner.
几年之内，它们的长度可能会超过一英尺，而且肉质丰富，足以制作一顿丰盛的晚餐。
By now, they’ve developed an olive color, speckled with dark spots, and the distinctive highlighter-pink stripe that gives them their name.
到目前为止，它们已经变成了橄榄色，上面布满黑点，以及独特的荧光粉红色条纹，这也是它们名字的由来。
It was in 1875 that the first rainbow trout were transplanted outside of their native waters, a batch of 500 eggs gifted to the state of New York.
1875 年，第一条虹鳟鱼被移植到其原生水域之外，一批 500 颗虹鳟鱼卵被捐赠给纽约州。
They were soon drawing rave reviews, as Anders Halverson reports in his book An Entirely Synthetic Fish: “‘We believe we shall have conferred the greatest possible boon upon the anglers, not only of New York, but of all the Atlantic States, by the acclimatization of those fish,’ New York Fish Commissioners wrote to state lawmakers.
正如安德斯·霍尔弗森 (Anders Halverson) 在他的《完全合成鱼》一书中所报告的那样，它们很快就受到了好评如潮：“纽约州鱼类专员在给州立法者的信中写道：“我们相信，通过让这些鱼适应环境，我们不仅可以为纽约州，而且可以为所有大西洋各州的钓鱼者带来最大的福祉。
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‘But for hardiness, for certainty in hatching and safety in raising, they are far superior, and in game qualities more than their compeers.’”
“但就耐寒性、孵化的确定性和饲养的安全性而言，它们要优越得多，而且在游戏质量上也比它们的同类要好。”
Today, the rainbow trout has become a self-perpetuating industry and a defining feature of many of our country’s most iconic lakes and rivers.
如今，虹鳟鱼已成为一种自我延续的产业，也是我国许多最具标志性的湖泊和河流的标志性特征。
Generations of anglers have obsessively tracked trout’s favorite flies and crafted intricate replications to deliver a tiny hook.
一代又一代的钓鱼者痴迷于追踪鳟鱼最喜欢的苍蝇，并精心制作了复杂的复制品来提供一个小鱼钩。
The fish have their own substantial shelf in the American literary canon, taciturn writers suddenly waxing rhapsodic about their delicate dance with a cautious trout.
这种鱼在美国文学经典中占有一席之地，沉默寡言的作家突然对它们与谨慎的鳟鱼的微妙舞蹈赞不绝口。
Halverson estimated that state and federal hatcheries produce 80 million rainbows a year to be stocked in public waters, an endless campaign covering all 50 states.
Halverson 估计，州和联邦孵化场每年生产 8000 万只彩虹鱼，并投放到公共水域，这是一项覆盖所有 50 个州的无休止的活动。
The fish has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
该鱼已被国际自然保护联盟列为100种最严重的入侵物种之一。
It’s done nothing to slow its deployment.
它没有采取任何措施来减缓其部署速度。
Roland Knapp, a research biologist at UC Santa Barbara, has made a career of studying the effects of trout on mountain lakes in the Sierra Nevada.
罗兰·纳普 (Roland Knapp) 是加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的研究生物学家，他的职业生涯是研究鳟鱼对内华达山脉高山湖泊的影响。
“If we proposed something exactly analogous to fish stocking, but on land, there would be a massive outcry by everybody,” he said.
“如果我们提出与陆地上的鱼类放养完全类似的方案，每个人都会强烈抗议，”他说。
“It’s as if [California’s wildlife agency] planned to introduce zebras because they provide an interesting opportunity for wildlife watching.
“就好像[加州野生动物机构]计划引入斑马，因为它们为观赏野生动物提供了一个有趣的机会。
But if you take a non-native, top-level predator that completely alters the biota and put it in a lake, we don’t even notice.”
但如果你把一种完全改变生物群的非本地顶级捕食者放在湖里，我们甚至不会注意到。”
The fish have their own substantial shelf in the American literary canon, taciturn writers suddenly waxing rhapsodic about their delicate dance with a cautious trout.
这种鱼在美国文学经典中占有一席之地，沉默寡言的作家突然对它们与谨慎的鳟鱼的微妙舞蹈赞不绝口。
Knapp, known as the “antichrist of trout,” ran into massive pushback when he began his research in the 1990s.
纳普被称为“鳟鱼的反基督者”，他在 20 世纪 90 年代开始研究时遇到了巨大的阻力。
State wildlife managers told him that everyone knew fish had little effect on alpine ecosystems.
国家野生动物管理人员告诉他，每个人都知道鱼类对高山生态系统影响不大。
Undeterred, he led an effort to survey thousands of lakes, reaching a striking conclusion.
他没有被吓倒，他领导了对数千个湖泊的调查，得出了惊人的结论。
“It was very black and white in the Sierra,” he told me.
“塞拉山脉的情况非常黑白分明，”他告诉我。
“Lakes either had fish and no frogs, or they were [fishless and] full of frogs and large invertebrates.”
“湖泊要么有鱼而没有青蛙，要么[没有鱼但]充满了青蛙和大型无脊椎动物。”
Knapp’s research helped save the Sierra Nevada mountain yellow-legged frog, an amphibian careening toward extinction as it holed up in a few remaining lakes not conquered by trout.
纳普的研究帮助拯救了内华达山脉黄腿蛙，这种两栖动物由于躲藏在一些未被鳟鱼征服的剩余湖泊中而濒临灭绝。
The Sierra case—which prompted a targeted fish-removal campaign—was unique.
塞拉事件——引发了一场有针对性的鱼类清除运动——是独一无二的。
State officials were desperate to keep the frog off the endangered species list because a listing would have brought in the feds, along with a whole host of regulations and restrictions.
州政府官员迫切希望将这种青蛙从濒危物种名单中剔除，因为将其列入濒危物种名单将引发联邦政府的介入，并带来一系列法规和限制。
Elsewhere, wildlife managers still have little reason to care if trout upset the balance of a certain lake.
在其他地方，野生动物管理者仍然没有理由关心鳟鱼是否破坏了某个湖泊的平衡。
I find myself pondering how much that balance matters to me.
我发现自己在思考这种平衡对我有多重要。
My brain understands the importance of healthy invertebrate populations.
我的大脑了解健康无脊椎动物种群的重要性。
My heart will grab a fishing pole if you tell me there are trout in the water.
如果你告诉我水里有鳟鱼，我的心就会抓住一根钓鱼竿。
McKean, the longtime Trail Blazer, told me of his argument with a fish-stocking opponent at a long-ago public meeting.
长期担任开拓者球员的麦基恩向我讲述了他在很久以前的一次公开会议上与一位放养鱼的对手发生的争执。
The debate was “religious,” he said, two zealots in different denominations of the wilderness faith, unable to reconcile a core doctrinal difference.
他说，这场辩论是“宗教性的”，两名荒野信仰不同教派的狂热分子无法调和核心教义差异。
“He told me that seeing a fish jump in a high lake would spoil his wilderness experience, because he knew that fish wasn’t supposed to be there,” he recalled.
“他告诉我，看到鱼在高高的湖里跳跃会破坏他的荒野经历，因为他知道鱼不应该在那里，”他回忆道。
“I said it was part of the wilderness experience.
“我说这是荒野体验的一部分。
What’s the use of having a national park with a fence around it?
国家公园周围有栅栏有什么用？
You’ve got to have some damn recreation.”
你得找点该死的消遣。”
Nowadays, my own fishing is sporadic and casual at best, but I still recall my memories fondly, even as I grapple with my growing understanding that all of those experiences were created for me by officials in a conference room and technicians in a hatchery.
如今，我自己的钓鱼充其量是零星和随意的，但我仍然深情地回忆起我的记忆，尽管我越来越明白，所有这些经历都是由会议室的官员和孵化场的技术人员为我创造的。
Even as I learn that my adventure has been manufactured at the expense of insects and amphibians.
即使我了解到我的冒险是以牺牲昆虫和两栖动物为代价的。
That these waters may be poorer because of my desire to fish them.
由于我想钓鱼，这些水域可能会变得更加贫瘠。
Time and again, the fish at the end of my line have been the product of this value system, one that has hooked me just as thoroughly.
一次又一次，我钓线末端的鱼都是这种价值体系的产物，它同样彻底地吸引了我。
After I dumped the baby trout in the North Cascades, I hiked down to another nearby lake where we had made our camp.
将小鳟鱼扔到北喀斯喀特后，我步行到附近的另一个湖泊，我们在那里扎营。
This lake, stocked decades before, is a classic “stunted” lake with a runaway population of puny trout.
这个湖泊几十年前就已经放养了，是一个典型的“发育不良”湖泊，里面有大量的小鳟鱼。
It’s the type of lake that draws the scorn of both anglers and biologists.
这种类型的湖泊引起了钓鱼者和生物学家的蔑视。
The haunting wail of a loon echoed across the water.
水面上回荡着潜鸟令人难以忘怀的哀号。
The birds like the lake just fine, diving under to catch their fill of fish.
鸟儿们非常喜欢这个湖，它们潜入湖中捕鱼。
It’s one of the few places in Washington where loons actually breed.
这是华盛顿为数不多的潜鸟真正繁殖的地方之一。
In fact, one of the Park Service ecologists told me, wildlife managers may be reluctant to “fix” the lake’s fish problem because the loons have become so dependent on it.
事实上，公园管理局的一位生态学家告诉我，野生动物管理者可能不愿意“解决”湖中的鱼类问题，因为潜鸟已经变得如此依赖它。
A shower of rain started to fall, the surface of the lake still shimmering with light.
倾盆大雨倾盆而下，湖面仍泛着微光。
Over the water, a brilliant, technicolor rainbow appeared, arcing toward the summit of the towering peak beyond.
水面上出现了一道绚丽多彩的彩虹，呈弧形向远处高耸的山峰顶峰延伸。
The trees behind it blazed in the golden stage light of a sunbeam.
它后面的树木在金色的阳光下闪闪发光。
I extended my hand into the mist as the end of the rainbow dipped toward the shore.
当彩虹的末端向海岸倾斜时，我将手伸进了雾气中。
No matter how far I reached, it was always a few inches beyond my grasp.
无论我伸手多远，它总是超出我的掌握几英寸。
I wish I could tell you the symbolism came with an obvious message, that I discerned something about the rainbow trout and whether they belonged.
我希望我能告诉你，这个象征意义带有一个明显的信息，即我辨别出了虹鳟鱼的一些特征以及它们是否属于虹鳟鱼。
Instead, I just took a few pictures, most of them ruined by the raindrops gathering on the lens.
相反，我只拍了几张照片，其中大部分都被镜头上聚集的雨滴毁掉了。
None of them really captured the scene.
他们都没有真正捕捉到这一场景。
After a few minutes, the shower tapered off and the rainbow started to fade.
几分钟后，阵雨逐渐减弱，彩虹开始褪色。
Little splashes appeared on the water as the trout came to the surface to feed.
当鳟鱼浮出水面进食时，水面上出现了一些小水花。
Alex Brown is a writer who covers environmental policy in state governments.
亚历克斯·布朗（Alex Brown）是一位报道州政府环境政策的作家。
He’s won awards for investigative reporting, environmental coverage, feature writing, and social equity reporting.
他曾因调查报道、环境报道、专题写作和社会公平报道而获奖。
He recently launched the Issaquah Alps Trail Cam Project, a volunteer program to monitor wildlife in public lands near his home, and writes the newsletter Critter Cams about his wildlife observations.
他最近启动了伊萨夸阿尔卑斯山步道摄像头项目，这是一个监测他家附近公共土地上野生动物的志愿者计划，并撰写了关于他的野生动物观察的时事通讯《Critter Cams》。
He lives in Issaquah, Washington, with his wife and dog.
他与妻子和狗住在华盛顿州伊瑟阔。
Editor: Carolyn WellsFact-checker: Julie Schwietert CollazoCopyeditor: Cheri Lucas Rowlands
编辑：卡罗琳·威尔斯事实核查：朱莉·施维特特·科拉佐文案编辑：Cheri Lucas Rowlands