The Shadowy Residents of One Hyde Park—And How the Super-Wealthy Are Hiding Their Money
Who really lives at One Hyde Park, called the world’s most expensive residential building?
谁真正住在被称为世界上最昂贵的住宅楼的海德公园一号？
Its mostly absentee owners, hiding behind offshore corporations based in tax havens, provide a portrait of the new global super-wealthy.
它的所有者大多不在场，躲在避税天堂的离岸公司后面，描绘了新的全球超级富豪的肖像。
U p until the 18th century, Knightsbridge, which borders genteel Kensington, was a lawless zone roamed by predatory monks and assorted cutthroats.
直到 18 世纪，与上流社会的肯辛顿接壤的骑士桥还是一个无法无天的地区，到处都是掠夺成性的僧侣和各种凶手。
It didn’t come of age until the Victorian building boom, which left a charming legacy of mostly large and beautiful Victorian houses, with their trademark white or cream paint, black iron railings, high ceilings, and short, elegant stone steps up to the front door.
直到维多利亚时代的建筑热潮才成熟，留下了迷人的遗产，大多是大型而美丽的维多利亚时代房屋，其标志性的白色或奶油色油漆、黑色铁栏杆、高高的天花板以及通往前门的短而优雅的石阶。
This will not be the impression a visitor now gets as he emerges from the Knightsbridge subway station’s south exit.
现在，当游客从骑士桥地铁站南出口出来时，他不会得到这样的印象。
He will be met by four hulking joined-up towers of glass, metal, and concrete, sandwiched between the Victorian splendors of the Mandarin Oriental Hotel, to the east, and a pretty five-story residential block, to the west.
迎接他的是四座巨大的玻璃、金属和混凝土连在一起的塔楼，它们夹在东边维多利亚时代辉煌的文华东方酒店和西边一座漂亮的五层住宅区之间。
This is One Hyde Park, which its developers insist is the world’s most exclusive address and the most expensive residential development ever built anywhere on earth.
这就是海德公园一号，其开发商坚称这是世界上最独特的地址，也是地球上有史以来建造的最昂贵的住宅开发项目。
With apartments selling for up to $214 million, the building began to smash world per-square-foot price records when sales opened, in 2007.
2007 年开盘时，该建筑的公寓售价高达 2.14 亿美元，开始打破每平方英尺的世界价格记录。
After quickly shrugging off the global financial crisis the complex has come to embody the central-London real-estate market, where, as high-end property consultant Charles McDowell put it, “prices have gone bonkers.”
在迅速摆脱全球金融危机的影响后，这座综合体已经成为伦敦市中心房地产市场的代表，正如高端房地产顾问查尔斯·麦克道尔(Charles McDowell)所说，“价格已经疯狂”。
From the Hyde Park side, One Hyde Park protrudes aggressively into the skyline like a visiting spaceship, a head above its red-brick and gray-stone Victorian surroundings.
从海德公园一侧看，海德公园一号像一艘来访的宇宙飞船一样雄伟地伸入天际线，高出红砖和灰石维多利亚时代周围的环境。
Inside, on the ground floor, a large, glassy lobby offers what you’d expect from any luxury intercontinental hotel: gleaming steel statues, thick gray carpets, gray marble, and extravagant chandeliers with radiant sprays of glass.
在酒店内部的一楼，宽敞的玻璃大堂提供了您对任何豪华洲际酒店所期望的一切：闪闪发光的钢雕像、厚厚的灰色地毯、灰色大理石以及带有光芒四射的玻璃喷雾的奢华枝形吊灯。
Not that the building’s inhabitants need venture into any of these public spaces: they can drive their Maybachs into a glass-and-steel elevator that takes them down to the basement garage, from which they can zip up to their apartments.
这并不是说大楼的居民需要冒险进入任何一个公共空间：他们可以驾驶迈巴赫进入玻璃钢电梯，将他们带到地下车库，从那里他们可以快速到达他们的公寓。
The largest of the original 86 apartments (following some mergers, there are now around 80) are pierced by 213-foot-long mirrored corridors of glass, anodized aluminum, and padded silk.
最初的 86 套公寓中最大的一套（经过一些合并，现在约有 80 套）被 213 英尺长的玻璃、阳极氧化铝和填充丝绸制成的镜面走廊贯穿。
The living spaces feature dark European-oak floors, Wenge furniture, bronze and steel statues, ebony, and plenty more marble.
起居空间配有深色欧洲橡木地板、鸡翅木家具、青铜和钢制雕像、乌木和大量大理石。
For added privacy, slanted vertical slats on the windows prevent outsiders from peering into the apartments.
为了增加隐私，窗户上倾斜的垂直板条可防止外人窥视公寓。
In fact, the emphasis everywhere is on secrecy and security, provided by advanced-technology panic rooms, bulletproof glass, and bowler-hatted guards trained by British Special Forces.
事实上，到处都强调保密和安全，配备了先进技术的应急室、防弹玻璃和受过英国特种部队训练的戴圆顶礼帽的警卫。
Inhabitants’ mail is X-rayed before being delivered.
居民的邮件在投递前经过 X 光检查。
The secrecy extends to the media, many of whose members, including myself and the London Sunday Times’ s and Vanity Fair’ s A.
这种保密性也延伸到了媒体，其中许多成员，包括我本人以及《伦敦星期日泰晤士报》和《名利场》的 A.
A.
A.
Gill, have tried but failed to gain entry to the building.
吉尔曾尝试进入大楼，但未能成功。
“The vibe is junior Arab dictator,” says Peter York, co-author of The Official Sloane Ranger Handbook, the riotous 1982 style guide documenting the shopping and mating rituals of a certain striving class of Brits, who claimed Knightsbridge’s high-end shopping area, which stretches from Harrods to Sloane Square, as their urban heartland.
《斯隆游骑兵官方手册》的合著者彼得·约克（Peter York）说，“这里弥漫着阿拉伯小独裁者的气息。”这本 1982 年的时尚指南记录了英国某个奋斗阶层的购物和交配仪式，他们声称骑士桥的高端购物区（从哈罗兹百货公司一直延伸到斯隆广场）是他们的城市中心地带。
O ne Hyde Park was built by two British brothers, Nick and Christian Candy, together with Waterknights, the international property-development company owned by Qatar’s prime minister, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim al-Thani.
海德公园由英国两兄弟 Nick 和 Christian Candy 与卡塔尔总理谢赫·哈马德·本·贾西姆·阿勒萨尼 (Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim al-Thani) 拥有的国际房地产开发公司 Waterknights 共同建造。
Christian, 38, a lanky former commodities trader, is the duo’s discreet number cruncher, while his stockier, tousled-haired brother, Nick, 40, is its flashy, name-dropping, celebrity-loving public face.
38 岁的克里斯蒂安是一名身材瘦长的前大宗商品交易员，他是这对搭档中谨慎的数字运算者，而他身材魁梧、头发凌乱的弟弟尼克，40 岁则是这对搭档浮华、出名、喜欢名人的公众形象。
The Candys don’t go in for small gestures.
坎迪一家不喜欢小动作。
In October, Nick married the Australian actress Holly Valance in Beverly Hills, after she had announced their engagement by tweeting a photo of Nick down on one knee proposing on a beach in the Maldives.
十月，尼克在比佛利山庄与澳大利亚女演员霍莉·瓦兰斯结婚，此前她在推特上发布了一张尼克单膝跪在马尔代夫海滩求婚的照片，宣布订婚。
In flaming torches behind the happy couple, will you marry me was written, without the usual question mark.
在这对幸福的情侣身后的熊熊火把中，写着“你愿意嫁给我吗”，没有通常的问号。
Designed by the architect Lord Richard Rogers, who also designed London’s iconic Lloyd’s building, One Hyde Park has divided Britain.
海德公园一号由建筑师理查德·罗杰斯勋爵设计，他还设计了伦敦标志性的劳埃德大厦，它分裂了英国。
Gary Hersham, managing director of the high-end real-estate agency Beauchamp Estates, says it is “the finest building in England, whether you like the style or you don’t,” while investment banker David Charters, who works in Mayfair, says, “One Hyde Park is a symbol of the times, a symbol of the disconnect.
高端房地产机构 Beauchamp Estates 的董事总经理加里·赫舍姆 (Gary Hersham) 表示，它是“英格兰最好的建筑，无论你是否喜欢这种风格”，而在梅菲尔区工作的投资银行家大卫·查特斯 (David Charters) 则表示，“海德公园一号是时代的象征，是脱节的象征。
There is almost a sense of ‘the Martians have landed.’ Who are they?
几乎有一种“火星人登陆了”的感觉。他们是谁？
Where are they from?
他们来自哪里？
What are they doing?” Professor Gavin Stamp, of Cambridge University, an architectural historian, called it “a vulgar symbol of the hegemony of excessive wealth, an over-sized gated community for people with more money than sense, arrogantly plonked down in the heart of London.”
他们在做什么？剑桥大学建筑历史学家加文·斯坦普教授称其为“过度财富霸权的粗俗象征，是一个为那些有钱无知的人而设的超大封闭社区，傲慢地坐落在伦敦市中心。”
The really curious aspect of One Hyde Park can be appreciated only at night.
海德公园一号真正令人好奇的一面只有在晚上才能欣赏到。
Walk past the complex then and you notice nearly every window is dark.
然后走过大楼，你会发现几乎每个窗户都是黑的。
As John Arlidge wrote in The Sunday Times, “It’s dark.
正如约翰·阿里奇在《星期日泰晤士报》中所写，“天黑了。
Not just a bit dark—darker, say, than the surrounding buildings—but black dark.
不仅仅是有点暗——比方说，比周围的建筑物更暗——而是黑黑的。
Only the odd light is on.
只有奇怪的灯亮着。
.
。
.
。
.
。
Seems like nobody’s home.”
家里好像没人。”
That’s not because the apartments haven’t sold.
这并不是因为公寓还没有售出。
London land-registry records say that 76 had been by January 2013 for a total of $2.7 billion—but, of these, only 12 were registered in the names of warm-blooded humans, including Christian Candy, in a sixth-floor penthouse.
伦敦土地登记记录显示，截至 2013 年 1 月，已有 76 处土地登记，总价值达 27 亿美元，但其中只有 12 处土地以温血人类的名义登记，其中包括位于六楼顶层公寓的克里斯蒂安·坎迪 (Christian Candy)。
The remaining 64 are held in the names of unfamiliar corporations: three based in London; one, called One Unique L.L.C., in California; and one, Smooth E Co., in Thailand.
其余 64 家公司以陌生公司的名义持有：其中 3 家总部位于伦敦；其中一家名为 One Unique L.L.C.，位于加利福尼亚州；其中之一是泰国的 Smooth E Co。
The other 59—with such names as Giant Bloom International Limited, Rose of Sharon 7 Limited, and Stag Holdings Limited—belong to corporations registered in well-known offshore tax havens, such as the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Liechtenstein, and the Isle of Man.
另外 59 家公司名称为 Giant Bloom International Limited、Rose of Sharon 7 Limited 和 Stag Holdings Limited，属于在开曼群岛、英属维尔京群岛、列支敦士登和马恩岛等著名离岸避税天堂注册的公司。
From this we can conclude at least two things with certainty about the tenants of One Hyde Park: they are extremely wealthy, and most of them don’t want you to know who they are and how they got their money.
由此，我们可以对海德公园一号的租户至少确定两件事：他们非常富有，而且他们中的大多数人不想让你知道他们是谁以及他们是如何得到他们的钱的。
T revor Abrahmsohn, a U.K. real-estate agent, remembers London before the modern property boom began.
英国房地产经纪人特雷弗·阿布拉姆森 (Trevor Abrahmsohn) 还记得现代房地产繁荣开始之前的伦敦。
“London was as Paris is today: an interesting, quirky souvenir town.
“伦敦就像今天的巴黎一样：一个有趣、古怪的纪念品小镇。
We had the Tower of London, the Queen, the palace, and the Changing of the Guard,” he says, adding Scotch whisky as an afterthought.
我们有伦敦塔、女王、宫殿和卫兵换岗仪式，”他说，并在事后补充了苏格兰威士忌。
“That is what we stood for.
“这就是我们所主张的。
London was not a tax haven.”
伦敦不是避税天堂。”
Starting in the 1960s, new buyers began to fire up the market: crises of the Greek monarchy brought a significant influx of Greeks, pockets of which endure today.
从 20 世纪 60 年代开始，新的买家开始刺激市场：希腊君主制的危机导致希腊人大量涌入，其中一部分人至今仍存在。
Next came the first wave of Americans, a trickle of bankers lured by London’s unregulated Euro-markets, and West Coast buyers, often from Hollywood.
接下来是第一波美国人，一小群被伦敦不受监管的欧洲市场吸引的银行家，以及通常来自好莱坞的西海岸买家。
“They swarmed in,” remembers veteran London real-estate agent Andrew Langton, of Aylesford International.
“他们蜂拥而至，”艾尔斯福德国际公司的资深伦敦房地产经纪人安德鲁·兰顿回忆道。
“They turned Chester Square into Little L.A.
“他们把切斯特广场变成了小洛杉矶
and tidied up all these properties, at enormous expense, with American kitchens, bathrooms, and showers.”
并花费巨资将所有这些财产整理成美式厨房、浴室和淋浴。”
The OPEC oil crisis, of the 1970s, lit the big fire under this market.
20世纪70年代的欧佩克石油危机点燃了这个市场的大火。
Arab money surged into the so-called golden triangle of Knightsbridge, Belgravia, and nearby Mayfair, to buy high-end properties.
阿拉伯资金涌入所谓的金三角骑士桥、贝尔格莱维亚和附近的梅菲尔区，购买高端房产。
Real-estate agents remember it as a tidal wave: “They came as a force,” says Hersham.
房地产经纪人将其视为一股浪潮：“他们作为一股力量而来，”赫舍姆说。
“When they wanted to buy, there were no hysterics or reticence.” The fall of the Shah of Iran brought a surge of Iranian money, followed by buyers from the biggest African ex-colony, newly oil-rich Nigeria.
“当他们想购买时，并没有歇斯底里或沉默寡言。”伊朗国王的倒台带来了伊朗资金的激增，紧随其后的是来自非洲最大前殖民地、新近石油资源丰富的尼日利亚的买家。
The market paused for breath in the 1980s, with Britain’s economy in the doldrums and as sagging world oil prices sapped wealthy foreign buyers’ demand.
20 世纪 80 年代，英国经济陷入低迷，世界石油价格低迷削弱了富裕的外国买家的需求，市场暂停了喘息。
But Margaret Thatcher’s financial reforms, notably her “Big Bang” of Wild West financial deregulation, in 1986, caused the stream of bankers to turn into a river, then a deluge.
但玛格丽特·撒切尔的金融改革，尤其是 1986 年狂野西部金融放松管制的“大爆炸”，导致银行家的人流变成了河流，然后是洪水泛滥。
“We would wait for those e-mails ending in ‘gs.com’ to come rolling in,” remembers Jeremy Davidson, a Belgravia-based property consultant.
“我们会等待那些以‘gs.com’结尾的电子邮件滚滚而来，”贝尔格莱维亚的房地产顾问杰里米·戴维森回忆道。
“Goldman [Sachs] partners, Morgan [Stanley] partners: they were the top of the market, and we had lots of them.”
“高盛（Sachs）合伙人、摩根（Stanley）合伙人：他们是市场的佼佼者，我们有很多这样的人。”
The fall of the Soviet Union, in 1989, and the vast, corrupt post-Soviet privatizations, brought the biggest, most reckless wave of foreign buyers London had ever seen, with often questionable money sluicing in via the secretive British-linked stepping-stone tax havens of Cyprus and Gibraltar.
1989 年苏联的解体，以及大规模、腐败的后苏联私有化，给伦敦带来了有史以来规模最大、最鲁莽的外国买家浪潮，可疑的资金经常通过与英国有联系的秘密避税天堂塞浦路斯和直布罗陀涌入。
“There is no real accountability of these guys coming in—the cops don’t really investigate them,” says Mark Hollingsworth, co-author of Londongrad, a 2009 book about the Russian invasion.
“这些人进来并没有真正的责任——警察并没有真正调查他们，”马克·霍林斯沃思（Mark Hollingsworth）说，他是 2009 年关于俄罗斯入侵的书《伦敦格勒》（Londongrad）的合著者。
“They see the capital as the most secure, fairest, most honest place to park their cash, and the judges here would never extradite them.”
“他们认为首都是最安全、最公平、最诚实的存放现金的地方，这里的法官永远不会引渡他们。”
Nick Candy himself summarized the attractions neatly: “This is the top city in the world, and the best tax haven in the world for some.”
尼克·坎迪本人简洁地总结了这些景点：“这是世界上顶级的城市，对某些人来说也是世界上最好的避税天堂。”
‘I t seems to be that every big trading disaster happens in London,” U.S. congresswoman Carolyn Maloney observed last June.
美国国会女议员卡罗琳·马洛尼（Carolyn Maloney）去年六月观察到，“似乎每一次重大贸易灾难都发生在伦敦”。
“And I would like to know why.” The disasters she was referring to were the ones that bankrupted Lehman Brothers and nearly bankrupted some other American firms, such as A.I.G.
“我想知道为什么。”她所指的灾难是导致雷曼兄弟破产并差点让其他一些美国公司破产的灾难，比如 A.I.G.
and MF Global, as well as causing JPMorgan Chase’s $6 billion loss at the hands of the trader popularly known as “the London Whale”—all of these happened to a high degree in the London branches of those firms and have cost the American taxpayer billions of dollars.
MF Global，以及导致摩根大通在这位俗称“伦敦鲸”的交易员手中损失 60 亿美元——所有这些都发生在这些公司的伦敦分行，并给美国纳税人造成了数十亿美元的损失。
To answer her question and to understand why so much of the world’s money goes to London in the first place, you need to go back hundreds of years, to the emergence of what must be the most peculiar, the oldest, the least understood, and perhaps one of the most important institutions in the menagerie of global finance: the City of London Corporation.
要回答她的问题并理解为什么世界上如此多的资金首先流向伦敦，你需要追溯到数百年前，看看全球金融体系中最奇特、最古老、最不为人所知、或许也是最重要的机构之一的出现：伦敦金融城公司。
It is the local authority for “the Square Mile,” the pocket of prime financial real estate centered on the Bank of England and located about three miles to the east of Knightsbridge, along the Thames River.
它是“一平方英里”的地方当局，该街区以英格兰银行为中心，位于泰晤士河畔骑士桥以东约三英里处。
But the corporation is also much more, its identity embedded in—and slightly apart from—the British nation-state.
但公司的意义远不止于此，它的身份根植于英国民族国家之中，但又与英国民族国家略有不同。
The corporation has its own constitution, “rooted in the ancient rights and privileges enjoyed by citizens before the Norman Conquest, in 1066,” and its own lord mayor of London—not to be confused with the mayor of London, who runs the Greater London metropolis, with its eight million inhabitants.
该公司有自己的宪法，“植根于 1066 年诺曼征服之前公民所享有的古老权利和特权”，还有自己的伦敦市长——不要与管理着拥有 800 万居民的大伦敦大都市的伦敦市长混淆。
One sign of the City of London’s distinct identity is the fact that the Queen, on official visits there, will stop at the boundary of the Square Mile, where she is met by the lord mayor, who engages her in a short, colorful ritual, before she may proceed.
伦敦金融城独特身份的一个标志是，女王在正式访问伦敦时，会在伦敦金融城的边界停下来，在那里，市长大人会见她，并在她继续前进之前，市长会为她举行一个简短而丰富多彩的仪式。
Most Brits see this merely as a relic from a bygone age, a show for the tourists.
大多数英国人认为这只是过去时代的遗迹，是给游客看的表演。
They are wrong.
他们错了。
T he lord mayor’s principal official role, his Web site says, is to be “ambassador for all UK-based financial and professional services.” He lobbies far afield, with offices in Brussels, China, and India, among other places, the better to “expound the values of liberalization” far and wide.
市长的网站称，他的主要官方角色是“所有英国金融和专业服务的大使”。他在遥远的地方进行游说，在布鲁塞尔、中国和印度等地设有办事处，以便更好地广泛“阐述自由化的价值观”。
The City Corporation and closely linked think tanks issue streams of publications explaining why finance should be less tethered by taxes and regulation.
市政府和密切联系的智囊团发布了一系列出版物，解释为什么金融应该减少税收和监管的束缚。
The corporation also has its own official lobbyist, with the delightfully medieval-sounding name of The Remembrancer (currently one Paul Double), lodged permanently in Britain’s Parliament.
该公司还有自己的官方游说者，其名字具有令人愉悦的中世纪风格：纪念者（目前是保罗·双倍），永久驻留在英国议会。
Local elections in the City are unlike any other in Britain: multi-national corporations vote alongside and vastly outnumber the tiny borough’s 7,400 human residents.
伦敦金融城的地方选举与英国其他地方的选举不同：跨国公司参与投票，而且参与投票的人数远多于这个小行政区 7,400 名居民。
Over the centuries the City has thrived, thanks to a simple advantage: it has had money to lend when governments or monarchs needed it.
几个世纪以来，伦敦金融城一直蓬勃发展，这要归功于一个简单的优势：当政府或君主需要时，它有钱可以放贷。
So the City has been granted special privileges, allowing it to remain a political fortress withstanding the tides of history that have transformed the rest of the British nation-state.
因此，伦敦金融城被授予了特殊特权，使其能够继续成为政治堡垒，经受住改变英国民族国家其他部分的历史浪潮。
It has nurtured a British tradition of welcoming foreign money, with few questions asked, and so has for centuries attracted the world’s wealthiest citizens.
它培育了英国欢迎外国资金、不问任何问题的传统，因此几个世纪以来一直吸引着世界上最富有的公民。
“There the Jew, the Mahometan, and the Christian transact together,” Voltaire wrote in 1733, “as though they all professed the same religion, and give the name of infidel to none but bankrupts.”
伏尔泰在 1733 年写道：“在那里，犹太人、伊斯兰教徒和基督教徒一起交易，就好像他们都信奉同一宗教，除了破产者之外，没有人被称为异教徒。”
When the British Empire crumbled in the mid-1950s, London replaced the cozy embrace of gunboats and imperial trading preferences with a new model: tempting the world’s hot money through lax regulation and lax enforcement.
当大英帝国在 20 世纪 50 年代中期崩溃时，伦敦以一种新模式取代了炮舰和帝国贸易优惠的舒适拥抱：通过宽松的监管和宽松的执法来吸引世界上的热钱。
There was always a subtle balance, involving dependable British legal bedrock fiercely upholding U.K. domestic rules and laws while turning a blind eye to foreign law-breaking.
始终存在着一种微妙的平衡，即可靠的英国法律基石坚决维护英国国内规则和法律，同时对外国违法行为视而不见。
It was a classic offshore-tax-haven offering that tells foreign financiers, “We won’t steal your money, but we won’t make a fuss if you steal other people’s.”
这是一种典型的离岸避税天堂产品，它告诉外国金融家：“我们不会偷你的钱，但如果你偷别人的钱，我们也不会大惊小怪。”
The term “tax haven” is something of a misnomer, because tax havens offer escape routes not just from taxes but potentially from any of the rules, laws, and responsibilities of other jurisdictions—whether those be taxes, criminal laws, disclosure rules, or financial regulation.
“避税天堂”一词有些用词不当，因为避税天堂不仅提供逃避税收的途径，而且还可能逃避其他司法管辖区的任何规则、法律和责任——无论是税收、刑法、披露规则还是金融监管。
Tax havens are usually about parking your money “elsewhere,” in jurisdictions such as the Cayman Islands, beyond the reach of your home country’s regulators and taxmen.
避税天堂通常是将您的资金存放在开曼群岛等司法管辖区的“其他地方”，超出您所在国家的监管机构和税务人员的管辖范围。
Or you park it in London: which is why some investment bankers have called it the Guantánamo Bay of finance.
或者你把它停在伦敦：这就是为什么一些投资银行家将其称为金融界的关塔那摩湾。
“The British think they do finance well,” says Lee Sheppard, a tax and banking specialist at the U.S. trade publication TaxAnalysts.
“英国人认为他们的金融业务做得很好，”美国贸易刊物《税务分析家》的税务和银行专家李·谢泼德 (Lee Sheppard) 表示。
“No. They do the legal stuff well.
“不。”他们把合法的事情做得很好。
Most of the big investment banks there are branches of foreign operations.
大多数大型投资银行都设有海外业务分支机构。
.
。
.
。
.
。
They go there because there is no regulation whatsoever.”
他们去那里是因为没有任何监管。”
James Henry, a former McKinsey chief economist, watched at close quarters the recycling of petrodollar wealth into Third World loans via London’s unregulated Euro-markets, which among other things enabled Wall Street to avoid New Deal-era banking regulations.
麦肯锡前首席经济学家詹姆斯·亨利（James Henry）近距离观察了石油美元财富通过伦敦不受监管的欧洲市场回收到第三世界贷款的情况，这使得华尔街能够避开新政时代的银行业监管。
Henry saw a global private-banking network emerge, following the money, “helping Third World elites abscond with hundreds of billions in diverted loans, illicit commissions, and corrupt privatizations, and park it in London and other tax havens.”
亨利看到了一个全球私人银行网络的出现，追随这些资金，“帮助第三世界的精英通过挪用贷款、非法佣金和腐败的私有化潜逃数千亿美元，并将其存放在伦敦和其他避税天堂。”
The number beside each location provides its ranking on the Financial Secrecy Index, which is calculated based on an analysis of the area’s role in global financial markets and a scoring of its laws and regulations that facilitate criminal activities carried out not within that area but elsewhere.
每个地点旁边的数字提供了其在金融保密指数上的排名，该指数是根据对该地区在全球金融市场中的作用的分析以及对该地区促进不在该地区而是在其他地方进行的犯罪活动的法律和法规的评分计算得出的。
I t comes as a surprise to most people that the most important player in the global offshore system of tax havens is not Switzerland or the Cayman Islands, but Britain, sitting at the center of a web of British-linked tax havens, the last remnants of empire.
让大多数人感到惊讶的是，全球避税天堂离岸体系中最重要的参与者不是瑞士或开曼群岛，而是英国，它位于与英国有联系的避税天堂网络的中心，是帝国最后的残余。
An inner ring consists of the British Crown Dependencies—Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
内环由英国皇家属地——泽西岛、根西岛和马恩岛组成。
Farther afield are Britain’s 14 Overseas Territories, half of them tax havens, including such offshore giants as the Caymans, the British Virgin Islands (B.V.I.), and Bermuda.
更远的地方是英国的 14 个海外领土，其中一半是避税天堂，包括开曼群岛、英属维尔京群岛 (B.V.I.) 和百慕大等离岸巨头。
Still further out, numerous British Commonwealth countries and former colonies such as Hong Kong, with deep and old links to London, continue to feed vast financial flows—clean, questionable, and dirty—into the City.
再远一些，许多英联邦国家和香港等前殖民地与伦敦有着深厚而古老的联系，继续向伦敦金融城输送大量资金——干净的、有问题的和肮脏的资金流。
The half-in, half-out relationship provides the reassuring British legal bedrock while providing enough distance to let the U.K. say “There is nothing we can do” when scandal hits.
这种半进半出的关系为英国提供了令人放心的法律基石，同时也提供了足够的距离，让英国在丑闻发生时可以说“我们无能为力”。
Data is scarce, but in the second quarter of 2009 the three Crown dependencies alone provided $332.5 billion in net financing to the City of London, much of it from tax-evading foreign money.
数据很少，但在 2009 年第二季度，仅三个皇家属地就向伦敦金融城提供了 3,325 亿美元的净融资，其中大部分来自逃税的外国资金。
Matters are so out of hand that in 2001 Britain’s own tax authorities sold off 600 buildings to a company, Mapeley Steps Ltd., registered in the tax haven of Bermuda to avoid tax.
事情已经失控，以至于 2001 年英国税务机关将 600 栋建筑出售给了一家名为 Mapeley Steps Ltd. 的公司，该公司在避税天堂百慕大注册，以避税。
Britain could close down this tax-haven secrecy overnight if it wanted, but the City of London won’t let it.
如果英国愿意的话，可以在一夜之间关闭这个避税天堂的秘密，但伦敦金融城不会允许这样做。
“We have, to put it provocatively, a second British empire, which is at the very core of global financial markets today,” explains Ronen Palan, professor of international political economy at City University in London.
伦敦城市大学国际政治经济学教授罗南·帕兰解释说：“用挑衅性的话来说，我们拥有第二个大英帝国，它处于当今全球金融市场的核心。”
“And Britain is very good at not advertising its position.”
“英国非常擅长不宣传自己的立场。”
D espite the British passion for historic preservation, the recent huge influx of foreign money is changing the capital, both physically and socially.
尽管英国人热衷于历史保护，但最近大量外国资金的涌入正在改变首都的面貌和社会面貌。
“Our Georgian and Victorian stock is so inflexible, frozen in time,” said Ademir Volic, of Volume 3 Architects.
Volume 3 Architects 的阿德米尔·沃利奇 (Ademir Volic) 表示：“我们的格鲁吉亚和维多利亚时期的库存非常不灵活，被时间冻结了。”
“We’re selling this city as a forward-looking metropolis, yet we can’t change a single window in a conservation area.
“我们将这座城市宣传为一座具有前瞻性的大都市，但我们无法改变保护区的一扇窗户。
Everything has to be hidden underground.”
一切都必须隐藏在地下。”
That’s just what the plutocrats are doing: digging down.
这正是富豪们正在做的事情：挖掘。
Maggie Smith, of the London Basement company, which carries out basement renovations, dates the craze to the early to mid-1990s, when she noticed increasing numbers of people wanting to renovate their musty old basements.
负责地下室翻新的伦敦地下室公司的玛吉·史密斯 (Maggie Smith) 将这种热潮追溯到 20 世纪 90 年代初至中期，当时她注意到越来越多的人想要翻新发霉的旧地下室。
“It started quite small, with people doing 30 to 40 square meters, generally under the front of a standard Victorian London house,” she says.
“一开始规模很小，人们的面积只有 30 到 40 平方米，通常位于标准的维多利亚式伦敦房屋的前面，”她说。
“Then they began digging out under parts of gardens, then entire gardens, installing light wells and glass bridges to bring in natural light.”
“然后他们开始在部分花园下面挖掘，然后是整个花园，安装采光井和玻璃桥以引入自然光。”
Soon they built underground recreation centers, golf-simulation rooms, squash courts, bowling alleys, hair salons, ballrooms, and car elevators to the underground garages for their vintage Bentleys.
很快，他们建造了地下娱乐中心、高尔夫模拟室、壁球场、保龄球馆、美发沙龙、舞厅，以及通往地下车库的汽车电梯，用于停放老式宾利汽车。
The more adventurous installed climbing walls and indoor waterfalls.
更具冒险精神的则安装了攀岩墙和室内瀑布。
“They would dig deep, have a media room and a funny sort of spring-loaded garage or a swimming pool,” says Peter York.
“他们会深入挖掘，有一个媒体室和一个有趣的弹簧车库或游泳池，”彼得约克说。
“And they would disturb the water table.
“它们会扰乱地下水位。
You can imagine what old-fashioned British toffs thought of that.” One Knightsbridge resident—and tension is such that he declines to identify himself or his street—says that on his short street of 15 or 20 properties he has recently suffered through nine simultaneous renovations.
你可以想象那些老式的英国权贵对此有何看法。”一位骑士桥居民（他拒绝透露自己或所在街道的紧张局势）表示，在他那条拥有 15 或 20 处房产的短短街道上，他最近经历了 9 项同时进行的翻修工程。
Cable-TV mogul David Graham outraged his neighbors, near Lennox Gardens Mews, south of One Hyde Park, by seeking planning permission to excavate deeper than the height of neighboring homes, extending all the way under his house and garden.
有线电视大亨大卫·格雷厄姆 (David Graham) 寻求规划许可，在海德公园一号 (One Hyde Park) 以南的伦诺克斯花园马厩 (Lennox Gardens Mews) 附近进行挖掘，挖得比邻近房屋的高度还要深，一直延伸到他的房子和花园下面，这激怒了他的邻居。
The Duchess of St. Albans, a neighbor, calls the plans “absolutely monstrous and unnecessary.” So far, permission has not been granted.
邻居圣奥尔本斯公爵夫人称这些计划“绝对是可怕且不必要的”。到目前为止，尚未获得许可。
A s the renovations grew, so did the conflicts.
随着整修工作的进行，冲突也随之增加。
“It may look village-y, but we live like sardines in tins,” says Terence Bendixson, of the Chelsea Society, a residents’ association.
“它可能看起来很乡村，但我们的生活就像罐头里的沙丁鱼一样，”居民协会切尔西协会的特伦斯·本迪克森说。
“A lot of people have been here quite a long time, who aren’t rich, who aren’t bankers, who are solid middle-class and upper-class people.” Stroll through Knightsbridge today (or check Google Street View) and you will see so many conveyor belts bringing up soil from under houses that you can be forgiven for thinking that a new mining boom is under way.
“很多人已经在这里呆了很长时间了，他们并不富有，也不是银行家，他们都是扎实的中产阶级和上层阶级。”今天漫步在骑士桥（或查看谷歌街景），您会看到如此多的传送带从房屋下面运出土壤，您可能会认为新的采矿热潮正在进行中。
“Economically, culturally, and socially, London has now left Britain behind, blasting off from the rest of the nation like some vast U.F.O.,” says Neil O’Brien, director of the think tank Policy Exchange.
“在经济、文化和社会方面，伦敦现在已经把英国抛在了后面，就像一个巨大的不明飞行物一样从全国其他地方起飞，”智库政策交流中心主任尼尔·奥布莱恩说。
“The politicians, civil servants, and journalists who make up Britain’s governing class run one country, but effectively live in another.” As Abrahmsohn sees it, London could “easily declare independence.
“构成英国统治阶级的政客、公务员和记者管理着一个国家，但实际上却生活在另一个国家。”正如阿布拉姆森所认为的，伦敦可以“轻松地宣布独立。
A lot of these wealthy people don’t even know these outlying regions exist.
许多富人甚至不知道这些边远地区的存在。
They don’t care.”
他们不在乎。”
In fact, the chasm is sharpest inside London itself: a report for the British government in January 2010 estimated that the richest 10 percent of Londoners own well over 270 times the wealth of the poorest 10 percent.
事实上，伦敦内部的鸿沟最为尖锐：英国政府 2010 年 1 月的一份报告估计，伦敦最富有的 10% 人拥有的财富是最贫穷 10% 人的财富的 270 倍以上。
“Knightsbridge is an un-English activity,” says York.
“骑士桥是一项非英语活动，”约克说。
“The former gratin [upper crust], a combination of old toffs, Knightsbridge Americans who wanted to be old toffs, plutocrats who wanted to know The Form, people who weren’t here for funny-money reasons: all those things have been completely obliterated by a mad kind of very, very gauche overseas money.
“以前的焗烤面包[上流社会]，由老贵族、想成为老贵族的骑士桥美国人、想了解The Form的富豪、因为滑稽的金钱原因而不在这里的人组成：所有这些都被一种疯狂的、非常非常粗俗的海外资金彻底抹杀了。
It’s absentee money: the kind of money that has bodyguards.
这是缺席钱：有保镖的钱。
It is the world of Maybachs and absurd-looking Ferraris in absurd colors, and kids who buy them straight out of the shopwindow.
这是迈巴赫和颜色荒唐、外观荒唐的法拉利以及直接从商店橱窗购买它们的孩子们的世界。
These people have no substantive relationship with anything British at all.
这些人与英国人根本没有任何实质性的关系。
It’s everywhere: I can’t emphasize enough how everywhere-ish it is.”
它无处不在：我无法充分强调它是多么无处不在。”
Many in London are uncomfortable not just with the flagrant display of super-wealth but also with the rising number of absentee residents who are based in foreign countries.
伦敦的许多人不仅对公然展示超级财富感到不安，而且对居住在外国的缺席居民数量不断增加感到不安。
“Those people who do buy these houses, particularly the bigger ones, in many cases don’t buy them to live in permanently: they are part of a portfolio,” said Bendixson.
“那些购买这些房屋的人，尤其是较大的房屋，在许多情况下并不是为了永久居住而购买的：它们是投资组合的一部分，”本迪克森说。
“That doesn’t add much jollity to your street: houses with the shutters down and nobody there.” Edward Davies-Gilbert, of the Knightsbridge Association, sees the area gaining the flavor of “a ghost town, peopled by ghost blocks.”
“这并没有给你的街道增添多少欢乐：房子的百叶窗关着，那里空无一人。”骑士桥协会的爱德华·戴维斯·吉尔伯特（Edward Davies-Gilbert）认为，该地区逐渐具有“一座鬼城，充满鬼街区”的味道。
Thus One Hyde Park, where only 17 apartments of the 76 sold are registered as primary residences, has become a totem for the gaping chasm between the powerful rootless plutocrats in London and the rest.
因此，海德公园一号出售的 76 套公寓中只有 17 套注册为主要住宅，它已成为伦敦强大的无根富豪与其他地方之间巨大鸿沟的图腾。
N ick and Christian Candy, the two British brothers who put together the One Hyde Park project, built their fortunes on the post-Soviet privatization real-estate boom in London.
尼克·坎迪 (Nick Candy) 和克里斯蒂安·坎迪 (Christian Candy) 是英国两兄弟，他们共同打造了海德公园一号项目，并在苏联解体后私有化后的伦敦房地产繁荣中积累了财富。
They started out with a $9,300 loan from their grandmother, buying a one-bedroom apartment in semi-fashionable Earl’s Court for $190,000 in 1995, then renovating and selling it for a profit the following year.
他们从祖母那里借了 9,300 美元，开始于 1995 年以 19 万美元在半时尚的伯爵宫购买了一套一居室公寓，然后在第二年进行了翻修并出售以获取利润。
They repeated the trick and soon discovered a new niche at the very top of the market, above traditional luxury.
他们重复了这个伎俩，很快就在市场的最顶端发现了一个高于传统奢侈品的新利基市场。
In 1999 they set up Candy & Candy, an interior-design company, honing their skills on yachts, private aircraft, and private members’ clubs, with walls in hand-painted silk and cushions that cost $3,200 apiece.
1999 年，他们成立了 Candy & Candy 室内设计公司，在游艇、私人飞机和私人会员俱乐部上磨练自己的技能，墙壁采用手绘丝绸，坐垫的价格为每个 3,200 美元。
Thanks to an aggressive, hyperactive business strategy (not to mention a soaring market), the brothers climbed very high, very fast.
得益于积极进取、过度活跃的商业策略（更不用说飞涨的市场），兄弟俩的攀登速度非常高、非常快。
“The Candy brothers are two young zealots who were quite fearless as to how they approached people and where they found money,” says Andrew Langton.
“坎迪兄弟是两个年轻的狂热分子，他们对于如何与人接触以及从哪里找到钱非常无所畏惧，”安德鲁·兰顿说。
“They realized that the bling was what was wanted, whether it’s a yacht or plane or an expensive apartment.
“他们意识到，无论是游艇、飞机还是昂贵的公寓，人们都想要闪闪发光的东西。
There is a culture of decoration, a culture of security, of privacy, that they had understood.”
他们了解一种装饰文化、一种安全文化、一种隐私文化。”
Shabby English chic was out, and luxury concierge services, eelskin walls, and bulletproof glass were in.
破旧的英式时尚已经过时，奢华的礼宾服务、鳗鱼皮墙和防弹玻璃开始流行。
It is a hard market to get right, and Abrahmsohn notes the huge diversity in taste it encompasses.
这是一个很难正确把握的市场，阿布拉姆森指出，它所包含的品味存在巨大差异。
“The Greeks are the most understated of all the buyers, including the British,” he says.
“希腊人是所有买家中最低调的，包括英国人，”他说。
“The Nigerians are very flamboyant.
“尼日利亚人非常张扬。
They like lots of very bright colors, glitz and glitter.
他们喜欢很多非常明亮的颜色、浮华和闪光。
They are not shy.
他们并不害羞。
The Russians are fairly easygoing, but they do like their glitz.” Indians decorate their houses in super-lavish style, he continues.
俄罗斯人相当随和，但他们确实喜欢浮华。”印度人以超级奢华的风格装饰他们的房子，他继续说道。
“Lots of detail, lots of colors, extremely ornate, a lot of gilt: Louis XIV would be far too understated for them.”
“很多细节，很多色彩，极其华丽，很多镀金：路易十四对他们来说太低调了。”
S omehow, the Candys found their way through this maze, and in 2001 they sold a $6.2 million apartment in Belgrave Square to the Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky, who had fled to the refuge of London after being accused of fraud and embezzlement.
不知何故，坎迪夫妇找到了走出这个迷宫的出路，2001年，他们将贝尔格雷夫广场一套价值620万美元的公寓卖给了俄罗斯寡头鲍里斯·别列佐夫斯基(Boris Berezovsky)，后者在被指控欺诈和贪污后逃往伦敦避难所。
As described in Londongrad, it had “bullet-proof CCTV cameras, a fingerprint entry system that can remember 100 fingerprints, remote-controlled cinema and television screens in the bathroom walls, laser-beam alarms, and smoke bombs.
正如《伦敦格勒》所描述的那样，它拥有“防弹闭路电视摄像机、可记住 100 个指纹的指纹输入系统、浴室墙壁上的遥控电影和电视屏幕、激光束警报器和烟雾弹。
An electronic system recognized the residents’ favorite music and TV programs and followed him or her from one room to another.”
电子系统可以识别居民最喜欢的音乐和电视节目，并跟随他或她从一个房间到另一个房间。”
“The Russians are creatures of habit,” explains Hollingsworth.
“俄罗斯人是习惯性动物，”霍林斯沃思解释道。
“When Berezovsky bought in Belgrave Square, [Russian oligarch Roman] Abramovich bought around the corner in Lowndes Square, next to Harvey Nichols, and then Chester Square.
“当别列佐夫斯基在贝尔格雷夫广场买房时，[俄罗斯寡头罗曼]阿布拉莫维奇在朗兹广场的拐角处买下了哈维尼科尔斯旁边的房子，然后是切斯特广场。
They are like heads of gangs in a schoolyard and love to show off: ‘My house is bigger than yours.’ ” In the wake of the Berezovsky sale, an aura developed around the brothers as Russian newcomers demanded to buy Candy & Candy properties.
他们就像校园里的帮派头目，喜欢炫耀：‘我的房子比你的大。’”别列佐夫斯基出售后，随着俄罗斯新移民要求购买 Candy & Candy 房产，兄弟俩周围形成了一种光环。
In 2004, Christian Candy set up the CPC Group, registered in the tax haven of Guernsey, to tackle bigger projects, including, eventually, One Hyde Park.
2004 年，克里斯蒂安·坎迪 (Christian Candy) 成立了 CPC 集团，在避税天堂根西岛注册，以开展更大的项目，其中包括最终的海德公园一号 (One Hyde Park)。
In a fast-rising market, as more and more buyers from more and more parts of the world crammed in, the Candys knew they could ask for the moon and get it.
在一个快速增长的市场中，随着来自世界各地越来越多的买家涌入，坎迪夫妇知道他们可以要求月亮并得到它。
When they launched sales of apartments for One Hyde Park, in 2007, typical London prime prices were $2,900 per square foot, with peaks at $4,500.
2007 年，当他们开始销售海德公园一号公寓时，伦敦的典型优质房价为每平方英尺 2,900 美元，最高时为 4,500 美元。
In One Hyde Park’s first year, the rate was $8,800, and $10,900 the following year, ultimately rising last year to almost $12,000.
One Hyde Park 第一年的价格为 8,800 美元，第二年为 10,900 美元，最终在去年上涨至近 12,000 美元。
Prices in New York have occasionally matched these levels: recently a Russian oligarch bought Sanford I.
纽约的价格有时会与这些水平相匹配：最近一位俄罗斯寡头购买了桑福德一号。
Weill’s penthouse at 15 Central Park West for just over $13,000 per square foot—but that was considered an anomaly.
威尔位于中央公园西 15 号的顶层公寓每平方英尺仅 13,000 美元多一点，但这被认为是一种反常现象。
According to Susan Greenfield, senior V.P.
高级副总裁苏珊·格林菲尔德 (Susan Greenfield) 表示
at the real-estate brokers Brown Harris Stevens in New York, sales in that building in 2012 have averaged $6,100 per square foot.
纽约房地产经纪公司 Brown Harris Stevens 的大楼 2012 年平均售价为每平方英尺 6,100 美元。
“One Hyde Park changed the map,” says property consultant Davidson.
“海德公园一号改变了地图，”房地产顾问戴维森说。
“The prices were off the scale—I was astonished.
“价格超出标准——我很惊讶。
It created a market of its own.”
它创造了自己的市场。”
L iving in an elite bubble, the brothers appear to have a tin ear for the public mood.
生活在精英泡沫中的兄弟俩似乎对公众情绪很敏感。
In late 2010, amid national austerity, tax protests erupted in more than 50 towns and cities across Britain, led by a movement called Uncut.
2010 年底，在全国紧缩政策期间，英国 50 多个城镇爆发了由名为 Uncut 的运动领导的税收抗议活动。
They were protesting against tax avoidance by large corporations and by prominent figures such as the British retail billionaire Philip Green.
他们抗议大公司和英国零售业亿万富翁菲利普·格林等知名人士的避税行为。
In December of that year, the Candy brothers played a game of the British version of Monopoly with a Financial Times reporter in Christian’s apartment in One Hyde Park.
那年 12 月，坎迪兄弟在海德公园一号克里斯蒂安的公寓里与一位《金融时报》记者玩了英国版的大富翁游戏。
Christian landed on the “super tax” square.
克里斯蒂安降落在“超级税”广场上。
“What!” he reportedly cried.
“什么！”据报道，他哭了。
“I don’t pay tax.
“我不纳税。
I am a tax exile.” (A spokesperson for the Candys denied that Christian, who is a resident of Monaco and Guernsey, said this.)
我是一名逃税者。” （坎迪夫妇的发言人否认了居住在摩纳哥和根西岛的克里斯蒂安的说法。）
Subsequent revelations by the London Sunday Times and others about the extent of offshore ownership of the apartments in One Hyde Park stoked new outrage in Britain, and the government came under intense pressure to crack down.
随后，《伦敦星期日泰晤士报》和其他媒体披露了海德公园一号公寓的离岸所有权范围，这在英国激起了新的愤怒，政府面临着严厉打击的巨大压力。
Chancellor George Osborne, noting that the zero-tax treatment on the sale of properties owned through offshore companies “rouses the anger of many of our citizens,” introduced new legislative proposals, now coming into effect, to, among other things, levy a sales-transaction tax of up to 15 percent on properties bought through offshore companies and levy an annual charge of up to $221,000 on expensive properties owned offshore.
英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本指出，对通过离岸公司购买的房产实行零税待遇“激起了我们许多公民的愤怒”，他提出了现已生效的新立法提案，其中包括对通过离岸公司购买的房产征收高达 15% 的销售交易税，并对离岸拥有的昂贵房产征收高达 221,000 美元的年费。
Many austerity-parched Britons welcomed the moves.
许多急于紧缩的英国人对这些举措表示欢迎。
An outraged Nick Candy called them “absolutely disgraceful.”
愤怒的尼克·坎迪称他们“绝对是可耻的”。
W ho are the owners in One Hyde Park?
海德公园一号的业主是谁？
One $39.5 million apartment is registered openly in the name of Anar Aitzhanova: this may be a Kazakh singer, who did not respond to Vanity Fair’ s queries.
一套价值3950万美元的公寓公开登记在Anar Aitzhanova的名下：这可能是一位哈萨克斯坦歌手，他没有回应《名利场》的询问。
Another two, for a combined $49.8 million, are held jointly by Irina Viktorovna Kharitonina and Viktor Kharitonin.
另外两笔资产总计 4,980 万美元，由 Irina Viktorovna Kharitonina 和 Viktor Kharitonin 共同持有。
The latter is likely to be a co-owner of Russia’s largest domestic drugmaker, though the couple’s representatives also failed to reply.
后者很可能是俄罗斯最大的国内制药商的共同所有者，尽管这对夫妇的代表也没有回复。
Another apartment is registered to Rory Carvill, a British insurance broker; another is held in the name of Bassim Haidar, who appears to be the founder and C.E.O.
另一套公寓的注册人是英国保险经纪人罗里·卡维尔（Rory Carvill）；另一个以 Bassim Haidar 的名义持有，他似乎是该公司的创始人兼首席执行官。
for Channel IT, a Nigeria-based telecommunications company, and who also did not respond to queries.
总部位于尼日利亚的电信公司 Channel IT 也没有回应询问。
A $35.5 million apartment is registered in the name of Karmen Pretel-Martines, who could not be further identified, as is the case with a Beijing-registered buyer named Kin Hung Kei, who paid $11.6 million.
一套价值 3550 万美元的公寓登记在卡门·普雷特尔-马丁斯 (Karmen Pretel-Martines) 名下，但身份无法进一步确定，而北京注册买家健鸿基 (Kin Hung Kei) 的情况也是如此，他支付了 1160 万美元。
Nick Candy himself owns an 11th-floor duplex penthouse, and seven other apartments are believed to be owned by members of the Project Grande consortium, which is behind One Hyde Park.
尼克·坎迪本人拥有一套 11 层的复式顶层公寓，另外七套公寓据信属于海德公园一号背后的 Project Grande 财团成员所有。
(The Candys will not confirm or deny this.) The best apartment of all—a triplex on Floors 11, 12, and 13 of Tower C—is owned (via a Cayman company) by Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim al-Thani, of Qatar, Project Grande’s partner.
（Candys 不会证实或否认这一点。）其中最好的公寓——位于 C 座 11、12 和 13 层的三层公寓——由 Project Grande 的合作伙伴、卡塔尔的 Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim al-Thani（通过开曼公司）拥有。
Another buyer, who bought and merged two apartments for a total of $215.9 million, is Rinat Akhmetov, the Ukraine’s richest man, with an estimated personal net worth of $16 billion.
另一位买家是乌克兰首富里纳特·阿赫梅托夫 (Rinat Akhmetov)，他以总计 2.159 亿美元的价格购买并合并了两套公寓，个人净资产估计为 160 亿美元。
He has interests in coal, mining, power generation, banking, insurance, telecoms, and media, and has been a big beneficiary of privatization auctions in his native country.
他涉足煤炭、采矿、发电、银行、保险、电信和媒体等领域，是祖国私有化拍卖的一大受益者。
A spokeswoman for Akhmetov’s holding company, System Capital Management, said last year that the purchase was a “portfolio investment”; U.K. land-registry documents say it is held through a B.V.I.
艾哈迈托夫控股公司 System Capital Management 的发言人去年表示，此次收购是一项“组合投资”；英国土地登记文件称，该土地是通过英属维尔京群岛 (B.V.I.) 持有的。
company, Water Property Holdings Ltd.
公司名称：水务地产控股有限公司
Another owner is Vladimir Kim, who chairs the London-listed Kazakh copper giant Kazakhmys P.L.C.
另一位所有者是弗拉基米尔·金 (Vladimir Kim)，他是在伦敦上市的哈萨克斯坦铜业巨头 Kazakhmys P.L.C. 的董事长。
Kim was once a top official in the political party behind Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev, who has often been accused of sanctioning severe abuses of human rights and media freedom.
金正恩曾是哈萨克斯坦总统努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫背后的政党高级官员，纳扎尔巴耶夫经常被指控制裁严重侵犯人权和媒体自由的行为。
Sheikh Mohammed Saud Sultan Al Qasimi, head of finance for the government of Sharjah, bought an $18.1 million apartment, while at least one more belongs to the Russian real-estate magnate Vladislav Doronin, who is dating model Naomi Campbell.
沙迦政府财务主管谢赫·穆罕默德·沙特·苏丹·卡西米 (Sheikh Mohammed Saud Sultan Al Qasimi) 购买了一套价值 1,810 万美元的公寓，而至少还有一套属于俄罗斯房地产巨头弗拉迪斯拉夫·多罗宁 (Vladislav Doronin)，他正在与模特娜奥米·坎贝尔 (Naomi Campbell) 约会。
An $11.7 million second-floor apartment is owned by Galina Weber, a significant shareholder in the Russian gas giant Itera.
一套价值 1170 万美元的二楼公寓由俄罗斯天然气巨头 Itera 的重要股东加琳娜·韦伯 (Galina Weber) 拥有。
Two apartments, worth a combined $43.7 million, are owned by Professor Wong Wen Young, with London and Taipei addresses.
黄文扬教授拥有两套公寓，总价值 4,370 万美元，在伦敦和台北都有地址。
This is presumably the billionaire Taiwan-born entrepreneur Winston Wong Wen Young, who has enjoyed a close business relationship with Jiang Mianheng, the son of former Chinese president Jiang Zemin.
这大概就是出生于台湾的亿万富翁企业家黄文扬，他与中国前国家主席江泽民之子江绵恒有着密切的业务关系。
A $12 million apartment is held jointly by Desmond Lim Siew Choon and Tan Kewi Yong, a billionaire Malaysian couple with a big property empire.
一套价值 1200 万美元的公寓由拥有庞大房地产帝国的马来西亚亿万富翁夫妇 Desmond Lim Siew Choon 和 Tan Kewi Yong 共同持有。
Last September the real-estate company Jones Lang LaSalle estimated that nearly a sixth of all recent buyers of new central-London property were Malaysian—and only 19 percent British.
去年 9 月，房地产公司仲量联行 (Jones Lang LaSalle) 估计，最近购买伦敦市中心新房产的买家中有近六分之一是马来西亚人，而英国人则只有 19%。
Wealth is currently pouring out of Malaysia ahead of imminent elections, which could see the scandal-ridden ruling coalition ousted for the first time since independence.
在即将举行的选举之前，财富目前正从马来西亚涌出，这可能会导致丑闻缠身的执政联盟自独立以来首次被推翻。
L ess is known about others, but clues can be found.
对其他人知之甚少，但可以找到线索。
Land-registry documents for four apartments provide contact details for Alastair Tulloch, a British lawyer who Hollingsworth said is known in Russian-oligarch circles as “the new Stephen Curtis”—a reference to the Russians’ go-to London lawyer, who died in a mysterious helicopter crash in 2004.
四套公寓的土地登记文件提供了英国律师阿拉斯泰尔·图洛赫 (Alastair Tulloch) 的联系方式，霍林斯沃斯称他在俄罗斯寡头圈子里被称为“新斯蒂芬·柯蒂斯”——指的是俄罗斯人常去的伦敦律师，他于 2004 年在一场神秘的直升机失事中丧生。
Tulloch has represented the interests of Alexander Lebedev, a banking oligarch who owns London’s Evening Standard and a sizable piece of the Russian airline Aeroflot, among other holdings, and has worked closely with the jailed Russian oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
塔洛赫代表银行寡头亚历山大·列别捷夫（Alexander Lebedev）的利益，亚历山大·列别捷夫拥有伦敦《标准晚报》和俄罗斯航空公司俄罗斯航空公司的相当一部分股份等，并与入狱的俄罗斯寡头米哈伊尔·霍多尔科夫斯基密切合作。
Apartments bought by corporations with particularly flamboyant names such as Shoolin Investments Ltd., Wondrous Holding and Finance Inc., and Smooth E Co. Ltd. hint at possible Asian ownership, the last registered in Bangkok, Thailand.
Shoolin Investments Ltd.、Wondrous Holding and Finance Inc. 和 Smooth E Co. Ltd. 等名字特别华丽的公司购买的公寓暗示着亚洲人可能拥有所有权，最后一家公司在泰国曼谷注册。
Other corporate names are more impenetrable.
其他公司名称则更加难以理解。
One is the Caymans-based Knightsbridge Holdings Ltd., registered in Ugland House—a modest building where some 20,000 companies are registered and which President Obama in a 2009 speech said was “either the largest building in the world or the largest tax scam in the world.” (What Obama was getting at was that no real economic activity happens there: it is merely an entry in accountants’ workbooks.)
其中之一是总部位于开曼群岛的骑士桥控股有限公司 (Knightsbridge Holdings Ltd.)，注册地为 Ugland House，这是一栋不起眼的建筑，约有 20,000 家公司在此注册，奥巴马总统在 2009 年的一次演讲中称其“要么是世界上最大的建筑，要么是世界上最大的税务骗局”。 （奥巴马的意思是，那里没有发生真正的经济活动：它只是会计师工作簿中的一个条目。）
Trying to penetrate the corporate veils thrown over these apartments is a thankless task.
试图穿透这些公寓上的公司面纱是一项吃力不讨好的任务。
Of the tax havens used, the Isle of Man is probably the most forthcoming: you can easily download company reports online for under $2 apiece.
在所使用的避税天堂中，马恩岛可能是最有前途的：您可以轻松地在线下载公司报告，每份费用不到 2 美元。
But even here, you will not get far.
但即使在这里，你也走不了多远。
Take Rose of Sharon 4, which owns a $10.2 million, fifth-floor apartment.
以 Rose of Sharon 4 为例，它拥有一套价值 1020 万美元的五楼公寓。
Rose 4 was set up in 2010 with five company directors from the Isle of Man, and its shares were held by two almost identical-sounding entities: Barclaytrust International Nominees (Isle of Man) Ltd. and Barclaytrust (Nominees) Isle of Man Ltd. In April 2012, the shares were transferred to a B.V.I.
Rose 4 成立于 2010 年，有五名来自马恩岛的公司董事，其股份由两个听起来几乎相同的实体持有：Barclaytrust International Nominees (Isle of Man) Ltd. 和 Barclaytrust (Nominees) Isle of Man Ltd.。 2012 年 4 月，股份转让给了一家 B.V.I. 公司。
entity listed as “Prospect Nominees (BVI) Ltd,” and the five Isle of Man directors were replaced by two new ones: Craig Williams, a B.V.I.
实体被列为“Prospect Nominees (BVI) Ltd”，马恩岛的五名董事被两名新董事取代：克雷格·威廉姆斯 (Craig Williams)，B.V.I.
insolvency practitioner, and Kenneth Morgan, who works for HSBC in the B.V.I.
破产从业者，以及在英属维尔京群岛汇丰银行工作的肯尼思·摩根 (Kenneth Morgan)。
Both declined requests for further information.
两人均拒绝提供更多信息。
Such structures typically straddle several jurisdictions: an Isle of Man company may be owned by a B.V.I.
这种结构通常跨越多个司法管辖区：马恩岛公司可能由 B.V.I. 公司所有。
company, which could be held by a Bahamas trust, with trustees somewhere else; either structure might own a Swiss bank account, and so on.
公司，可以由巴哈马信托持有，受托人在其他地方；任一结构都可能拥有瑞士银行账户，等等。
At each step of this global dance of ownership, fees are skimmed off, and the secrecy deepens.
在这场全球所有权舞蹈的每一步中，费用都会被扣除，保密性也会加深。
In fact, land-registry documents show that five apartments, for a combined $123 million, are owned by companies under the Rose of Sharon name, all based in the Isle of Man.
事实上，土地登记文件显示，五套公寓的总价值为 1.23 亿美元，由 Rose of Sharon 旗下的公司所有，所有公司均位于马恩岛。
These have been widely reported to be owned by Folorunsho Alakija, a Nigerian billionaire who is a part-owner of Famfa Oil Ltd. (Efforts to contact her were unsuccessful.) According to an industry risk profile of the company, Famfa received 600,000 barrels of oil per month from the giant Nigerian deepwater Agbami oil field in the first four months of 2010, in partnership with the U.S. oil company Chevron, in a longer-term agreement.
据广泛报道，这些油田的所有者是尼日利亚亿万富翁 Folorunsho Alakija，她是 Famfa 石油有限公司的股东之一（未能联系到她。）根据该公司的行业风险状况，Famfa 与美国石油公司合作，在 2010 年前四个月从尼日利亚巨型深水 Agbami 油田每月接收 60 万桶石油。雪佛龙签订了一项长期协议。
The report cites a Nigerian Department for Petroleum Resources source as saying that Alakija was “one of the [Nigerian] First Lady’s favorite dress designers” and that Alakija’s stake in Famfa was “a reward to a loyal friend.” Forbes ranked Alakija’s net worth at $600 million, but last year Ventures Africa, a business magazine, recalculated it based on public information at $3.3 billion, making her richer than Oprah Winfrey.
该报告援引尼日利亚石油资源部消息人士的话说，Alakija 是“[尼日利亚]第一夫人最喜欢的服装设计师之一”，Alakija 持有 Famfa 股份是“对忠实朋友的奖励”。 《福布斯》将 Alakija 的净资产列为 6 亿美元，但去年商业杂志 Ventures Africa 根据公开信息重新计算，其净资产为 33 亿美元，使她比奥普拉·温弗瑞 (Oprah Winfrey) 更富有。
A ll of this raises the question of why so many of One Hyde Park’s apartments are owned offshore.
所有这一切都引发了一个问题：为什么海德公园一号的这么多公寓都是海外拥有的。
In fact, this is not unusual in England.
事实上，这在英国并不罕见。
According to The Guardian, some 95,000 offshore entities have been set up in Britain (or the U.K.) since 1999 purely to hold U.K. property: a hefty portion of the national prime stock.
据《卫报》报道，自 1999 年以来，大约 95,000 个离岸实体在英国设立，纯粹是为了持有英国财产：占国家优质股票的很大一部分。
These buyers use offshore companies for three big and related reasons: tax, secrecy, and “asset protection.” A property owned outright becomes subject to various British taxes, particularly capital-gains and taxes on transfers of ownership.
这些买家使用离岸公司是出于三大相关原因：税收、保密和“资产保护”。完全拥有的财产需要缴纳各种英国税收，特别是资本利得税和所有权转让税。
But properties held through offshore companies can often avoid these taxes.
但通过离岸公司持有的财产通常可以避免这些税收。
According to London lawyers, the big reason for using these structures has been to avoid inheritance taxes—something that the government’s recent limited crackdown did not address.
伦敦律师表示，使用这些结构的一个重要原因是为了避免遗产税——政府最近有限的打击行动并没有解决这个问题。
And of course City of London lawyers and accountants are currently scurrying to find ways around the new rules.
当然，伦敦金融城的律师和会计师目前正在忙着寻找绕过新规则的方法。
But secrecy, for many, is at least as important: once a foreign investor has avoided British taxes, then offshore secrecy gives him the opportunity to avoid scrutiny from his own country’s tax—or criminal—authorities too.
但对许多人来说，保密至少同样重要：一旦外国投资者避免了英国税收，那么离岸保密也让他有机会逃避本国税务或刑事当局的审查。
Others use offshore structures for “asset protection”—frequently, to avoid angry creditors.
其他人通常利用离岸结构来实现“资产保护”，以避免债权人愤怒。
That seems to be the case with a company called Postlake Ltd.—registered on the Isle of Man—which owns a $5.6 million apartment on the fourth floor.
一家名为 Postlake Ltd. 的公司（在马恩岛注册）的情况似乎就是如此，该公司在四楼拥有一套价值 560 万美元的公寓。
Postlake is in turn registered as owned by Purcey Ltd., a B.V.I.
Postlake 又注册为 Purcey Ltd.（一家 B.V.I. 公司）所有。
entity, which is registered as held on behalf of an Isle of Man trust set up by the bankrupt Irish property developer Ray Grehan, who has been pursued by Ireland’s National Asset Management Agency to recover more than $350 million it says it is owed.
该实体注册为代表破产的爱尔兰房地产开发商雷·格雷汉 (Ray Grehan) 设立的马恩岛信托持有。爱尔兰国家资产管理机构 (National Asset Management Agency) 一直在追讨该公司，以追回据称欠下的超过 3.5 亿美元。
Grehan had argued that the apartment is not really his but belongs to a family trust.
格雷汉辩称，这套公寓实际上并不属于他，而是属于一个家庭信托基金。
Martin Kenney, a B.V.I.
马丁·肯尼 (Martin Kenney)，英属维尔京群岛人
lawyer, says B.V.I.
律师说，B.V.I.
companies are frequently owned by foreign trusts from more outlandish jurisdictions, such as Nevis or the Cook Islands, deepening the secrecy.
公司通常由来自更奇怪的司法管辖区（例如尼维斯或库克群岛）的外国信托公司拥有，从而加深了保密性。
These structures are “debtor-friendly and creditor-unfriendly,” he says, so in cases of fraud it can be very hard to recover assets.
他说，这些结构“对债务人有利，但对债权人不利”，因此在发生欺诈的情况下，很难追回资产。
P erhaps the most striking fact about One Hyde Park and the London super-prime property market is what it tells us about who the world’s richest people are.
也许关于海德公园一号和伦敦超级优质房地产市场最引人注目的事实是，它告诉我们谁是世界上最富有的人。
Many people think the greatest winners of globalization today are financiers.
许多人认为当今全球化的最大赢家是金融家。
A decade or so ago, that may have been true.
大约十年前，这可能是真的。
But today another class sits above even them—the global commodity plutocrats: owners of mineral rights, or dominant players in mineral-rich countries in sectors such as construction and finance that benefit from commodity booms.
但如今，另一个阶级甚至位于他们之上——全球大宗商品富豪：矿产权所有者，或者是矿产丰富国家建筑和金融等受益于大宗商品繁荣的行业的主导者。
Hollingsworth notes in Londongrad that the oligarchs he studies became rich “not by creating new wealth but rather by insider political intrigue and exploiting the weakness of the rule of law.” Arkady Gaydamak, a Russian-Israeli oilman and financier, explained his elite view of accumulating wealth to me in 2005.
霍林斯沃斯在伦敦格勒指出，他研究的寡头们致富“不是通过创造新的财富，而是通过内部政治阴谋和利用法治的弱点”。 2005 年，俄罗斯裔以色列石油商和金融家阿尔卡迪·盖达马克 (Arkady Gaydamak) 向我解释了他对积累财富的精英观点。
“With all the regulations, the taxation, the legislation about working conditions, there is no way to make money,” he said.
“有了所有关于工作条件的法规、税收和立法，就没有办法赚钱，”他说。
“It is only in countries like Russia, during the period of redistribution of wealth—and it is not yet finished—when you can get a result.
“只有在像俄罗斯这样的国家，在财富再分配期间——而且还没有结束——你才能得到结果。
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How can you make $50 million in France today?
如今你如何在法国赚到 5000 万美元？
How?”
如何？”
Russia’s former privatization czar Anatoly Chubais put it less delicately: “They steal and steal.
俄罗斯前私有化沙皇阿纳托利·丘拜斯(Anatoly Chubais)的说法不那么微妙：“他们偷了又偷。
They are stealing absolutely everything.”
他们偷走了一切。”
London real-estate agents confirm that these commodity plutocrats dethroned the financiers some time before the financial crisis hit.
伦敦房地产经纪人证实，这些大宗商品富豪在金融危机爆发前一段时间就推翻了金融家。
“I can’t remember the last time I sold a property to a banker,” says Stephen Lindsay, of the real-estate agency Savills.
“我不记得上次把房产卖给银行家是什么时候了，”房地产代理公司第一太平戴维斯 (Savills) 的斯蒂芬·林赛 (Stephen Lindsay) 说道。
“It’s been hard for anyone to compete with the Russians, the Kazakhs.
“任何人都很难与俄罗斯人和哈萨克人竞争。
They are all in oil, gas—that is what they do.
它们都是石油、天然气——这就是它们所做的。
Construction—all that kind of stuff.”
建筑——诸如此类的事情。”
Even the Arab money has taken a backseat to the new buyers, says Hersham.
赫舍姆说，就连阿拉伯的资金也让位于新买家。
“The wealth of the ex-Soviets is incredible,” he says.
“前苏联的财富令人难以置信，”他说。
“Unless you are talking about [Goldman Sachs C.E.O.
“除非你谈论的是[高盛首席执行官。
Lloyd] Blankfein or [Stephen Schwarzman], the head of Blackstone, or the head of one of the very big banks, there is no driver from the City of London at these levels anymore.”
劳埃德]布兰克费恩或[史蒂芬施瓦茨曼]，黑石集团的负责人，或者一家非常大的银行的负责人，伦敦金融城已经没有这个级别的司机了。”