An American Education: Notes from UATX
A revolution in education!
一场教育革命！
A resuscitation of the university mission!
大学使命的复兴！
To happen in, of all places, not the pompous old northeast or the debauched West Coast, not New York or California but the country’s southern reaches—in the Texas Hill Country, in the city of Austin, where already technologists and venture capitalists had swarmed, drawn by the absence of income tax and the looseness of labor regulations, pulled by the mild zoning laws and the natural beauty and the food trucks and the good vibes.
发生在所有地方，不是浮夸的老东北部或放荡的西海岸，不是纽约或加利福尼亚州，而是美国的南部地区——得克萨斯丘陵地区的奥斯汀市，这里已经吸引了技术专家和风险投资家，他们被没有所得税和宽松的劳动法规所吸引，被温和的分区法、自然美景、食品卡车和良好的氛围所吸引。
Austin, because it was “a hub for builders, mavericks, and creators.” Here a new university: the University of Austin, or UATX.
奥斯汀，因为它是“建设者、特立独行者和创造者的中心”。这里有一所新大学：奥斯汀大学，或 UATX。
Around this idea journalists, historians, technologists, and financiers had assembled.
围绕这个想法，记者、历史学家、技术专家和金融家聚集在一起。
People like Bari Weiss, Joe Lonsdale, Joshua Katz, Peter Boghossian, and more.
巴里·韦斯、乔·朗斯代尔、约书亚·卡茨、彼得·博格西安等人。
They saw a void in American higher ed.
他们看到了美国高等教育的空白。
There was not, they asserted, enough free speech.
他们断言，没有足够的言论自由。
Where, they wondered, was the pursuit of truth?
他们想知道，对真理的追求在哪里？
Nowadays, those things were hard to find, but they would be abundant at UATX, an institution to be built from the bottom up, through sheer will and courage—and some backing from billionaires.
如今，这些东西很难找到，但在 UATX 中，它们会很丰富，这是一个通过纯粹的意志和勇气，以及亿万富翁的一些支持，自下而上建立的机构。
The Yales, the Stanfords, the UChicagos had been overrun by hordes of “diversocrats” and woke elites.
耶鲁大学、斯坦福大学、芝加哥大学都被成群结队的“多元化人士”和觉醒的精英所占领。
At UATX there would be none.
在 UATX 就没有。
Many of the founders had participated in the same conservative think tanks: The Hoover Institution, The Manhattan Institute, The American Enterprise Institute.
许多创始人都曾加入过同样的保守派智库：胡佛研究所、曼哈顿研究所、美国企业研究所。
Many had contributed to The Free Press , the digital paper founded by Bari Weiss in 2021, the same year UATX was announced.
许多人为 The Free Press 做出了贡献，这是 Bari Weiss 于 2021 年创立的数字报纸，同年宣布了 UATX。
Many were friends or fans of Jordan Peterson.
许多人是乔丹·彼得森的朋友或粉丝。
One UATX founder was even double-dipping, delivering lectures at both UATX and Peterson’s forthcoming Peterson Academy.
一位 UATX 创始人甚至身兼数职，在 UATX 和彼得森即将成立的彼得森学院发表演讲。
One had been fired from Princeton University after sleeping with a student and “discouraging her from seeking mental health care,” per an official university statement.
根据普林斯顿大学的一份官方声明，一名学生因与一名学生发生性关系并“阻止她寻求心理健康护理”而被普林斯顿大学开除。
One had been accused of assaulting his girlfriend.
其中一人被指控殴打女友。
(The charges were dropped.) Another had had a talk at MIT canceled after comparing Affirmative Action to “the atrocities of the 20 th century.” And so, beneath their optimism, there churned bitterness and indignation at their mistreatment by the Thought Police—sour feelings they sweetened with their commitment to “free and open inquiry.”
（指控被撤销。）另一个人在将平权法案与“20 世纪的暴行”进行比较后，在麻省理工学院的演讲被取消。因此，在他们的乐观情绪之下，隐藏着对思想警察虐待的痛苦和愤慨——他们对“自由和公开的调查”的承诺使这种酸涩的感觉变得甜蜜。
To build a university you need money and time to raise it.
要建立一所大学，您需要资金和时间来筹集资金。
But the founders were eager.
但创始人们却很渴望。
They were ambitious, impatient.
他们雄心勃勃，缺乏耐心。
They wanted students and classes now.
他们现在想要学生和课程。
So in the summers of 2022 and ’23, UATX established weeklong programs where students at other institutions could attend seminars and lectures by “world-class scholars and knowledge creators”—a sort of anti-woke summer camp.
因此，在 2022 年和 23 年的夏天，UATX 设立了为期一周的项目，其他机构的学生可以参加“世界级学者和知识创造者”举办的研讨会和讲座——一种反觉醒夏令营。
Title: Forbidden Courses.
标题：禁忌课程。
An alluring name, Forbidden Courses.
一个诱人的名字，禁忌课程。
I decided to take a look.
我决定去看看。
Although my spleen is not inflamed by the culture wars, although my heart is not lifted by calls like Bari Weiss’s for a “coalition” comprised of “trads, whigs, normies,” I was curious.
虽然我的脾气没有因为文化战争而发炎，虽然我的心没有因为像巴里韦斯那样呼吁建立一个由“传统人、辉格党、普通人”组成的“联盟”而振奋，但我很好奇。
How plausible was their project?
他们的项目可信度如何？
What ideas would they discuss?
他们会讨论什么想法？
I applied to UATX last March.
我去年三月申请了UATX。
There was the cover letter, and the three essay questions, and the writing sample.
有求职信、三道问答题和写作样本。
I speckled them with Harold Bloom and Nietzsche.
我用哈罗德·布鲁姆和尼采来点缀它们。
“Exploitation …
“剥削……
belongs to the essence of what lives,” that sort of thing.
属于生命的本质”之类的东西。
April 6 th , the letter arrived in my email inbox: “Congratulations!
4月6日，这封信到达了我的电子邮件收件箱：“恭喜！
…
……
UATX is extending you an offer of admission to Session I of this year's Forbidden Courses .” I flew south in June.
UATX 向您发出今年禁忌课程第一期的录取通知书。”我六月飞往南方。
THE University of Austin is not in Austin.
奥斯汀大学不在奥斯汀。
Not yet.
还没有。
It’s 200 miles northeast, in Dallas, on an office complex owned by Mr. Harlan Crow.
位于达拉斯东北 200 英里处，哈兰·克劳 (Harlan Crow) 先生拥有的一座办公大楼内。
“Old Parkland,” the complex is called.
该建筑群被称为“老公园”。
Crow, a conservative billionaire who recently made the news for funneling thousands of dollars in undisclosed gifts to Justice Clarence Thomas and his family, gives money to UATX, too.
保守派亿万富翁克劳最近因向克拉伦斯·托马斯法官及其家人提供数千美元的未公开礼物而成为新闻焦点，他也向 UATX 捐款。
He also rents out rooms in Old Parkland to the nascent university, at what UATX founder Peter Boghossian called “a generous rate.” I would later encounter the rich Texan at several UATX lectures, squinting and smiling in preppy athleisure.
他还将老帕克兰的房间出租给这所新生的大学，UATX 创始人 Peter Boghossian 称之为“慷慨的价格”。后来我在几次 UATX 讲座上遇到了这位富有的德克萨斯人，他眯着眼睛微笑，一身预科生的运动休闲装。
Crow is a savvy investor, from a family of savvy investors.
克罗是一位精明的投资者，出身于精明的投资者世家。
(His father, Trammell Crow, was thought to be the largest private landlord in the US.) He invests not only in real estate but ideology.
（他的父亲特拉梅尔·克劳被认为是美国最大的私人房东。）他不仅投资房地产，还投资意识形态。
He’s donated to the conservative magazine The National Review , conservative thinktank The Witherspoon Institute, and at least two powerful libertarian organizations started with funds from Charles Koch—The Institute For Justice and The Cato Institute.
他向保守派杂志《国家评论》、保守派智库威瑟斯彭研究所以及至少两个由查尔斯·科赫资助的强大自由主义组织——司法研究所和卡托研究所——进行了捐赠。
If Crow is putting money behind UATX, it can be inferred that he believes the school will promote the same values as other recipients of his patronage—privatizing social services, lambasting attempts to increase sexual and racial diversity in education and the workplace—and will lead to the same effect—maintaining power in the hands of wealthy white men.
如果克劳为 UATX 提供资金，可以推断，他相信学校将宣扬与其他接受他资助的学校相同的价值观——将社会服务私有化，痛斥在教育和工作场所增加性别和种族多样性的尝试——并将导致同样的效果——将权力维持在富有的白人手中。
Like the campus itself, the hotel UATX put us up in was owned by the Crow family.
和校园本身一样，我们住的 UATX 酒店也是 Crow 家族所有。
It’s a glittering model of that ‘70s postmodern icon: the atrium hotel.
这是 70 年代后现代标志的闪亮模型：中庭酒店。
Fredric Jameson once said postmodern spaces like atrium hotels tended to “abolish the distinction between the inside and the outside.” There’s some of that here at the Hilton Anatole.
弗雷德里克·詹姆森（Fredric Jameson）曾说过，像中庭酒店这样的后现代空间往往会“消除内部和外部的区别”。希尔顿安纳托尔酒店 (Hilton Anatole) 就有这样的一些。
Marble fountains and fig trees and rows of tropical flamingo flower fill the Grand Atrium.
大理石喷泉、无花果树和成排的热带火烈鸟花充满了大中庭。
Voices burble from across the 37,000 square-foot space, reflecting off stone and brick to fade into blurry tones.
声音从 37,000 平方英尺的空间中传出，在石头和砖块上反射，逐渐消失为模糊的音调。
But, what with the reverberation and the glass ceilings, you also have the vague sense of being underwater, in some kind of deluxe fish tank.
但是，由于混响和玻璃天花板，你也会有一种在水下、在某种豪华鱼缸里的模糊感觉。
The fish tank has an illustrious history.
鱼缸有着辉煌的历史。
The Hilton Anatole hosted the Reagan-Bush staff during their ’84 campaign, which a silver plaque in the “Chantilly Foyer” commemorates.
希尔顿阿纳托尔酒店在 84 年竞选期间接待了里根布什的工作人员，“Chantilly Foyer”上有一块银色牌匾以纪念这一活动。
Donald Trump gave the keynote speech of the Conservative Political Action Conference there in 2021 and 2022.
唐纳德·特朗普 (Donald Trump) 曾在 2021 年和 2022 年的保守党政治行动会议上发表主题演讲。
The right wing is welcome here.
这里欢迎右翼。
“THIS place is so hard to get into,” Peter Boghossian, philosopher, was telling me.
“这个地方太难进入了，”哲学家彼得·博格西安（Peter Boghossian）告诉我。
“Because it’s the top”—he indicated an imaginary peak with his hand—“of the top”—he jerked his hand to a higher stratum.
“因为这是顶部”——他用手示意了一个想象中的山峰——“顶部”——他猛地把手拉到了更高的一层。
It was the evening of the first day.
那是第一天的晚上。
I’d missed the student shuttle to the commencement dinner, so I got to wait in the hotel for the second one with faculty and staff, including Peter and UATX’s president, Pano Kanelos.
我错过了前往毕业典礼晚宴的学生班车，所以我必须在酒店与教职员工一起等待第二次晚宴，其中包括彼得和 UATX 的总裁帕诺·卡内洛斯 (Pano Kanelos)。
Pano is the former president of St. John’s in Annapolis, a liberal arts college known for its Great Books curriculum.
帕诺是安纳波利斯圣约翰学院的前院长，这是一所文理学院，以其伟大的书籍课程而闻名。
He left to found UATX in 2021, writing that “our education system has become illiberal” on Bari Weiss’s Substack in November of that year.
他于 2021 年离开并创立了 UATX，并于当年 11 月在 Bari Weiss 的 Substack 上写道“我们的教育系统已经变得不自由”。
Peter, a former associate professor at Portland State University, also quit his job in 2021, citing the university’s transformation “into a Social Justice factory.” That was how he put it in his resignation letter, which Bari Weiss also published on her Substack, in September of 2021.
波特兰州立大学前副教授彼得也于 2021 年辞职，理由是该大学已“转变为社会正义工厂”。这就是他在辞职信中的说法，Bari Weiss 也在她的 Substack 上于 2021 年 9 月发布了这封信。
He went on Fox News a month later, claiming that academic “institutions had been hijacked by maniacs.” Now he was one of five Founding Faculty Fellows designing UATX’s curriculum.
一个月后，他在福克斯新闻上声称学术“机构被疯子劫持了”。现在，他是设计 UATX 课程的五名创始教员之一。
It happened to be Father’s Day, so when Peter, in between lauding UATX’s rigorous admission standards, mentioned a son, I wished him a happy one.
恰巧是父亲节，所以当 Peter 在称赞 UATX 严格的录取标准之余，提到了一个儿子，我祝他快乐。
“Oh thanks,” he said.
“哦，谢谢，”他说。
“I got jack and shit.” Muzak dribbled out of the hotel sound system.
“我有杰克和狗屎。”穆扎克的音乐从酒店的音响系统中缓缓传出。
“Shuttle’s here!” Loren Rotner, Assistant Chief Academic Officer, soon said, looking up from his phone.
“班车来了！”助理首席学术官洛伦·罗特纳 (Loren Rotner) 很快从手机上抬起头说道。
We all stood.
我们都站了起来。
Peter sat next to me on the bus.
公共汽车上彼得坐在我旁边。
He was fired up.
他被激怒了。
He was delivering opening remarks later that night, plus we’d begun talking about a subject that interested him: exercise.
那天晚上晚些时候，他发表了开场白，而且我们开始谈论一个他感兴趣的话题：锻炼。
“It’s indispensable for an intellectual,” he told me.
“这对于知识分子来说是不可或缺的，”他告诉我。
“You should be exercising.
“你应该锻炼身体。
Do you?”
你是吗？
I’d recently started going to the gym, I said.
我最近开始去健身房，我说。
He looked doubtful.
他看上去很怀疑。
“You gotta get into jiu-jitsu, man.
“你必须学柔术，伙计。
I’m telling you.” Peter did jiu-jitsu.
我告诉你。”彼得练习柔术。
It’d changed his life.
这改变了他的生活。
He spun around in his seat, scanned the rest of the bus, then whipped back to laser his eyes on me.
他在座位上转了一圈，扫视了巴士的其余部分，然后猛地转过身来，用目光注视着我。
“I could murder everybody on this bus and nobody could stop me.
“我可以谋杀这辆公共汽车上的所有人，没有人能阻止我。
It’s a superpower.” I thought this over.
这是一种超能力。”我想了一下。
The bus wobbled out of the parking lot, careened down the freeway, then turned left onto Oak Lawn Avenue, where an architectural aberration sprang suddenly into view.
公共汽车摇摇晃晃地驶出停车场，沿着高速公路倾斜，然后左转驶入奥克朗大道，一座建筑的畸形景象突然映入眼帘。
Swollen, aggressively neoclassical, it towered above the concrete around it, like the brainchild of someone who looked at the Rotunda at UVA and said, “Yeah, but can you screw up the proportions and make it really huge?”
它肿胀，具有侵略性的新古典主义风格，高耸于周围的混凝土之上，就像有人看着弗吉尼亚大学的圆形大厅并说：“是的，但是你能把比例搞乱，让它变得非常巨大吗？”
“It’s fucking amazing,” Peter said, as we pulled in.
“这真是太棒了，”我们停车时彼得说。
“You ever seen this place?”
“你见过这个地方吗？”
HARLAN Crow's Old Parkland campus is crammed with 21 st -century office buildings designed to look like stately Jeffersonian structures—red brick and concrete columns, pediments and dentils—all checkered with an ungainly number of windows.
哈兰·克劳 (HARLAN Crow) 的旧帕克兰校区挤满了 21 世纪的办公楼，其设计看起来像庄严的杰斐逊式建筑——红砖和混凝土柱、山形墙和齿状墙——都带有大量笨拙的窗户。
The buildings have names like “Reagan Place” and “Freedom Place.” Outside them stand statues of Adam Smith, John Locke, and America’s founding fathers.
这些建筑物的名称包括“里根广场”和“自由广场”。它们外面矗立着亚当·斯密、约翰·洛克和美国开国元勋的雕像。
Set in a stone wall on the southeast of campus are various …
校园东南部的石墙上有各种各样的……
mementos from Crow family vacations.
乌鸦家庭度假的纪念品。
BRICK FROM A SIMPLE HOME / KASHMIR, INDIA, reads one specimen; PRESIDENT AND MRS GEORGE W.
来自印度克什米尔的简易住宅的砖块读取了一个样本；总统和夫人乔治·W.
BUSH …
布什……
AND KATHY AND HARLAN CROW PICKED UP THESE ROCKS, reads another.
另一篇文章写道，“凯西和哈兰·克罗捡起了这些岩石”。
The inflated buildings are so close together that you can’t really see them.
充气建筑物靠得很近，你根本看不到它们。
You are trapped in a claustrophobic movie set, whose layout one Texas journalist has aptly described as “corporate campus meets college campus.” Later in the week, a fellow UATX student would look around in awe before turning to me and whispering, “It’s like something Trump would build.” Indeed.
你被困在一个幽闭恐怖的电影场景中，德克萨斯州的一位记者恰当地将其布局描述为“企业校园遇见大学校园”。本周晚些时候，一名 UATX 同学会敬畏地环顾四周，然后转向我低声说道：“这就像特朗普会建造的东西。”的确。
The terrifically botched proportions of the place bely the pretense that classical aesthetics was the real consideration here.
这个地方极其糟糕的比例掩盖了古典美学才是这里真正考虑的假象。
The nostalgic design gives concrete expression not to architectural ideals of harmony and order but to political ones of rule by an exclusionary, monied elite.
怀旧的设计所具体表达的不是和谐与秩序的建筑理想，而是排他性的、有钱的精英统治的政治理想。
Harlan Crow bought the property, on which a vacant hospital had stood, in 2006.
哈兰·克劳 (Harlan Crow) 于 2006 年买下了这片土地，当时这里有一家空置的医院。
Between then and 2015, he renovated the hospital and built seven new structures.
从那时起到 2015 年，他翻修了医院并建造了七座新建筑。
The campus is now home to many firms named “[Noun] Capital.” For example: Highside Capital, Lennox Capital, Pharos Capital, RedBird Capital, Adelante Capital.
该园区现在是许多名为“[名词]资本”的公司的所在地。例如：Highside Capital、Lennox Capital、Pharos Capital、RedBird Capital、Adelante Capital。
The people Mr. Crow rents to are, in his own words, “people who want to have lunch together.” “We view it,” he told a local magazine, “as a club.” (George W.
用克劳先生自己的话说，租给他的人是“想一起吃午餐的人”。 “我们将其视为一个俱乐部，”他告诉当地一家杂志。 （乔治·W.
Bush is reportedly a member of this club, with a private office on campus.) If, one noon day, you were to take a cursory look at the cafeteria of Old Parkland, it would become clear what kind of person belonged to the club, what kind did not.
据报道，布什是这个俱乐部的成员，在校园内设有私人办公室。）如果有一天中午，你粗略地看一下老帕克兰的自助餐厅，就会清楚什么样的人属于该俱乐部，什么样的人不属于该俱乐部。
Black and Latino workers would be cooking and serving food.
黑人和拉丁裔工人负责做饭和提供食物。
A flock of white men in suits and pastel polos, most of them employed by venture capital firms, would be eating and chatting.
一群穿着西装和淡色马球衫的白人一边吃饭一边聊天，他们中的大多数受雇于风险投资公司。
UATX students would spend plenty of time in the cafeteria throughout the week, but the commencement dinner was held in “The Pecan Room” of a different building, amid wood-paneled walls and oil paintings.
UATX 的学生整个星期都会在自助餐厅度过大量时间，但毕业典礼晚宴在另一栋建筑的“山核桃室”举行，周围是木板墙和油画。
We were served some kind of marinated chicken and left to mingle, us the well-groomed top of the top, us the Forbidden.
我们得到了某种腌制的鸡肉，然后让我们混在一起，我们是精心打扮的顶部，我们是禁忌。
We numbered 50 or so.
我们的人数大约有 50 人左右。
We came from places like Harvard and Stanford and UChicago and MIT and U Penn.
我们来自哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、芝加哥大学、麻省理工学院和宾夕法尼亚大学等地。
There was James, who studied computer science.
詹姆斯学的是计算机科学。
Then there was Cameron, who also studied computer science.
然后是卡梅伦，他也学习计算机科学。
David and Peter studied computer science, while Luke and Albert studied computer science.
大卫和彼得学习计算机科学，而卢克和阿尔伯特学习计算机科学。
As for Mike and Jason, the former studied computer science, whereas the latter studied computer science.
至于Mike和Jason，前者学的是计算机科学，后者学的是计算机科学。
Ethan was not unlike Max, in that both studied computer science.
伊森（Ethan）与马克斯（Max）没有什么不同，因为他们都学习计算机科学。
Some people studied business, too.
有些人也学习商业。
The students’ demographics were as revealing as their chosen majors.
学生的人口统计数据和他们选择的专业一样具有启发性。
Roughly 80% were white.
大约 80% 是白人。
Over 70% were men.
超过70%是男性。
There was not a black man in the room.
房间里没有一个黑人。
The way these percentages diverge from national higher education averages should tell you something about what kind of intellectual community UATX is building.
这些百分比与全国高等教育平均水平的差异应该可以告诉您 UATX 正在建设什么样的知识社区。
In practice, UATX is recruiting a student body whose racial and gender makeup resembles a pre-civil rights university.
实际上，UATX 正在招募一个种族和性别构成类似于民权运动之前的大学的学生群体。
Pano Kanelos, president, stood up.
总统帕诺·卡内洛斯站了起来。
It was time for the opening remarks.
到了致开幕词的时间了。
Our chatter lulled, and he began to speak in gentle, benevolent tones.
我们的闲聊渐渐平静下来，他开始用温柔、仁慈的语气说话。
He told us that we weren’t starting a university; we were a university.
他告诉我们，我们不是要创办一所大学，而是要创办一所大学。我们是一所大学。
This is what a university looks like: people coming together for conversations, much like the ones we’d been having over our complimentary chicken dinners.
这就是大学的样子：人们聚在一起交谈，就像我们在免费鸡肉晚餐上所享受的那样。
“ Dia-logue ,” he said.
“对话，”他说。
“From the Greek, logos .” Two rational beings, engaged in rational discourse.
“源自希腊语，logos。”两个理性的存在，进行理性的对话。
He smiled.
他笑了。
We smiled.
我们笑了。
And with little further ado, he introduced Peter, whom the other students had not yet had the good fortune of meeting.
他毫不犹豫地介绍了彼得，其他学生还没有有幸见到他。
Peter, Pano told us, was “kicking butt in the righteous name of freedom.”
帕诺告诉我们，彼得“以自由的正义名义进行斗争”。
Peter springs to the center of the room.
彼得跳到房间中央。
The air pressure changes.
气压发生变化。
A buzz, a hum, a current about us.
嗡嗡声、嗡嗡声、我们周围的电流。
He brims with a frenzied energy.
他浑身充满了疯狂的能量。
Something is happening.
有事正在发生。
He is going to give us a taste of what’s to come, he says.
他说，他将让我们尝尝即将发生的事情。
This is the kind of intellectual activity we’re going to experience at UATX.
这就是我们将在 UATX 体验的智力活动。
We’re going to grapple with big issues.
我们将解决重大问题。
We’re going to be daring, fearless, undaunted.
我们将勇敢、无畏、无所畏惧。
We’re going, he says, to do something called “Street Epistemology.”
他说，我们要做的就是“街头认识论”。
What is Street Epistemology?
什么是街头认识论？
He’ll demonstrate.
他会示范。
It’s one of two things he does, the other being jiu-jitsu.
这是他做的两件事之一，另一件事是柔术。
“I don’t have a life,” he says.
“我没有生活，”他说。
“I talk to strangers and I wrestle strangers.” But before we can do Street Epistemology, Peter needs to think of some questions.
“我和陌生人交谈，我和陌生人摔跤。”但在我们进行街头认识论之前，彼得需要思考一些问题。
He turns his back to the audience, hunches slightly and strides, stroking his chin.
他背对着观众，轻轻弓起身子，抚摸着下巴，迈开大步。
He is Rodin’s thinker set in manic motion; he is a relentless logician in his study at midnight; he is a frantically philosophical gremlin …
他是罗丹笔下的思想家，处于疯狂的状态；他是一名午夜书房里坚持不懈的逻辑学家。他是一个疯狂的哲学小妖精……
—BAM!
——嘭！
He wheels around and stalks forward and slings his index finger out toward a student, demands of him whether climate change is real?!
他转身大步向前，向一名学生伸出食指，质问他气候变化是否真实？！
and how certain is he?!
他有多确定？
and why?!—BOP!
为什么？！——BOP！
He points at another student, asks whether gender is a social construct, whether trans women are women?!
他指着另一名学生，问性别是否是一种社会建构，跨性别女性是否是女性？！
He cites Socrates and The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People .
他引用了苏格拉底和高效人士的七个习惯。
He staggers and weaves: as a boxer dances, so Peter lectures.
他摇摇晃晃、编织着：就像拳击手跳舞一样，彼得讲课也是如此。
He is the professor you never had; he is a squall of raw intellect; he is Robin Williams in the Dead Poets Society , but ripped.
他是你从未有过的教授；他是一个智力狂暴的人；他是《死亡诗社》中的罗宾·威廉姆斯，但被撕裂了。
He is putting a gun to the head of your most precious assumptions.
他正在用枪指着你最宝贵的假设。
And then it is over.
然后就结束了。
That, we have learned, is Street Epistemology.
我们了解到，这就是街头认识论。
It is asking the hard questions of another, and not refuting them when you disagree, but continuing to ask “why?” and “how certain are you?” until the temple of their convictions crumbles, and you can help them build a newer, sounder one.
它是向别人提出尖锐的问题，当你不同意时不要反驳他们，而是继续问“为什么？”以及“你有多确定？”直到他们信仰的殿堂倒塌，而你可以帮助他们建造一座更新、更健全的殿堂。
The commencement dinner has ended, and we file outside to the buses.
毕业典礼晚宴结束了，我们列队到外面乘公共汽车。
Tomorrow the Forbidden Courses begin.
明天禁忌课程开始。
FOR five days we sat around a wooden table in the Potomac Conference Room, on red leather armchairs, and dia-logued.
五天来，我们围坐在波托马克会议室的一张木桌旁，坐在红色皮革扶手椅上，进行对话。
On the eastern wall was a gauzy painting of an odalisque, a languid smile on her face.
东墙上挂着一幅薄纱般的宫女画，脸上挂着慵懒的微笑。
Gazing at her from across the room were two somber portraits of elderly men, rendered in the stiff spindly gloom of 16 th -century English portraiture.
房间对面有两张阴沉的老年男子肖像画，以 16 世纪英国肖像画的僵硬细长的阴郁风格呈现。
We’d come here to discuss “Sexual Politics.”
我们来这里是为了讨论“性政治”。
At last: we could talk without fear.
终于：我们可以无所畏惧地交谈了。
We were among friends.
我们是朋友。
Away from the histrionic liberals, far from the Gender Studies departments, we could commit ThoughtCrimes with impunity.
远离戏剧性的自由主义者，远离性别研究部门，我们可以犯下思想犯罪而不受惩罚。
We could say things like, “It’s hard to get a woman’s perspective from a man.” We could express discomfiting ideas: “If Simone de Beauvoir were alive right now, she would be very popular, like Jordan Peterson.”
我们可以这样说：“很难从男人那里了解女人的观点。”我们可以表达令人不安的想法：“如果西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦现在还活着，她会很受欢迎，就像乔丹·彼得森一样。”
One might find disappointing the disjunction between UATX’s tantalizing marketing and its conceptual yields.
人们可能会对 UATX 诱人的营销与其概念收益之间的脱节感到失望。
UATX had tweeted, “Dare to think with us,” had promised that they were “Not your typical summer school…,” had titled their program “Forbidden Courses.” But what was aired in this particular Forbidden Course were opinions neither audacious nor surprising.
UATX 在推特上写道，“敢于与我们一起思考”，承诺他们“不是典型的暑期学校……”，并将他们的项目命名为“禁止课程”。但在这个特殊的“禁忌课程”中，所发表的观点既不大胆也不令人惊讶。
They were platitudes about the nature of man and woman, of the kind encountered in bad romantic comedies produced in the aughts.
这些都是关于男人和女人本性的陈词滥调，就像在糟糕的浪漫喜剧中遇到的那样。
“Women are more complicated than men.” “There are things that women want that they don’t like that they want.” “With boys, their bodies and their desires are one.”
“女人比男人复杂。” “有些东西是女性想要的，但她们并不喜欢。” “对于男孩来说，他们的身体和欲望是一体的。”
Presiding over these revelations was our professor, writer Katie Roiphe.
主持这些揭露的是我们的教授、作家凯蒂·罗伊夫。
Roiphe, who teaches journalism at NYU, is the author of seven books.
罗伊夫在纽约大学教授新闻学，是七本书的作者。
Tonally, logically, her sexual politics read in large part like a sterile extension of those found in Joan Didion’s 1972 essay, “The Women’s Movement,” which caricatures second-wave feminism as “women unequipped for reality,” “fragile cultivated flowers.” In Roiphe’s first book, The Morning After (1993), she argued that concerns about date rape on college campuses were overblown, suggesting that the real problem was self-victimizing women.
从语气和逻辑上看，她的性政治在很大程度上就像是琼·迪迪安 1972 年文章《妇女运动》中那些内容的毫无结果的延伸，该文章将第二波女权主义讽刺为“没有能力面对现实的女性”、“脆弱的栽培花朵”。在罗伊夫的第一本书《The Morning After》（1993）中，她认为对大学校园约会强奸的担忧被夸大了，这表明真正的问题是女性的自我伤害。
In her second book, Last Night in Paradise: Sex and Morals at the Century's End (1997), Roiphe bemoaned how fear of the AIDS virus “impose[d] order on the voluptuous chaos of experience.” Safe-sex education, she implied, allowed oppressive puritan attitudes to sweep through America, reducing the messy glory of sexual freedom.
在她的第二本书《天堂的最后一夜：世纪末的性与道德》（Last Night in Paradise: Sex and Morals at the Century's End）（1997年）中，罗伊哀叹对艾滋病病毒的恐惧如何“将秩序强加在感官享受的混乱体验之上”。她暗示，安全性教育让压迫性的清教徒态度席卷美国，削弱了性自由的混乱荣耀。
The reduction of messiness is a matter—is the matter—that concerns Roiphe.
减少混乱是 Roiphe 关心的问题——确实是问题。
In class, she informed us again and again that life was not simple, but complicated.
在课堂上，她一次又一次地告诉我们，生活并不简单，而是复杂。
Speaking chiefly in the context of #MeToo and sex on college campuses, she told us that political language “imposes reductionism on experiences that are really complex.
她主要在 #MeToo 和大学校园性行为的背景下发表讲话，她告诉我们，政治语言“对非常复杂的经历强加了简化论。
“The truth,” she let us know on Day 2, “is really so complicated and shifting and moving.” “Experience isn’t fixed,” she advised on Day 4, on which day she also cautioned that “one’s own perception of something changes over time.” Separating her words with suspenseful ellipses, ending her sentences with poignant upward intonation, sifting her hands horizontally through space, she sprinkled nuance into the air.
“事实，”她在第二天告诉我们，“真的是如此复杂、不断变化、令人感动。” “经验不是固定的，”她在第四天建议道，当天她还警告说，“一个人自己对某事的看法会随着时间的推移而改变。”她用令人悬念的省略号分隔单词，用尖锐的向上语调结束句子，双手水平地穿过空间，将细微的差别洒向空气。
In the abstract, these statements were true but banal.
抽象地说，这些说法是正确的，但很平庸。
(Life is, sure enough, full of ambiguities.) When considered as “sexual politics,” they amounted to complacency, if not outright reaction.
（生活确实充满了歧义。）当它们被视为“性政治”时，即使不是彻底的反应，也等于自满。
One day, she accompanied this steady stream with something new.
有一天，她带着新的东西伴随着这源源不断的溪流。
Speaking about the supposed immoderation of movements like the George Floyd protests and #MeToo, she offered quietist consolations.
在谈到乔治·弗洛伊德抗议活动和#MeToo等所谓的过度运动时，她提供了安静主义者的安慰。
“These intensities and excesses fade.
“这些强度和过度行为逐渐消失。
They die down.
他们死了。
They always do,” she said.
他们总是这样做，”她说。
Here was an analgesic vision of history, in which riots and protests could be seen as blips, irregularities, storms to wait out in shelter, rather than fundamental catalysts of historical change.
这是一种镇痛剂式的历史观，其中骚乱和抗议可以被视为暂时现象、违规行为、在庇护所等待的风暴，而不是历史变革的根本催化剂。
It was in the aftermath of these palliative remarks that I saw Roiphe’s rhetoric as species of a larger genus.
正是在这些姑息性言论之后，我才将罗伊夫的言论视为一个更大的范畴。
It belonged to that “specific genre of chin-stroking, brow-furrowing, ‘eye opening’ sophistry” identified by critic Tobi Haslett in Roiphe’s former student at NYU, Thomas Chatterton Williams.
它属于评论家托比·哈斯莱特 (Tobi Haslett) 在罗伊夫在纽约大学的前学生托马斯·查特顿·威廉姆斯 (Thomas Chatterton Williams) 身上所指出的“抚摸下巴、皱起眉头、‘大开眼界’诡辩的特定流派”。
(Chatterton, not coincidentally, taught at UATX last summer.) Pupil and professor issue the same ideal, the same bold challenge: “to dwell in uncertainty,” to “get used to being confused,” as Roiphe put it throughout the week.
（查特顿去年夏天在 UATX 任教，这并非巧合。）学生和教授提出了同样的理想、同样大胆的挑战：“生活在不确定性中”，“习惯于困惑”，正如罗伊夫在一周中所说的那样。
Surveying the political field without venturing a step, endlessly weighing both sides, taking it all in with tranquility—this is an agreeable position.
脚踏实地地审视政治场域，不断权衡双方，平静地看待这一切，这是一个不错的立场。
It allows banal contrarianism to masquerade as enlightened equanimity.
它让平庸的逆向主义伪装成开明的平静。
Take, for example, a question Roiphe likes to contemplate in her writing and teaching.
举个例子，罗伊夫喜欢在她的写作和教学中思考一个问题。
Is he at fault, because he assaulted her, or is she , because she drank too much and passed out?
到底是他的错，因为他侵犯了她，还是她的错，因为她喝多了，昏倒了？
To refuse to decide on that question is, in effect, to allow the consequences of the second interpretation—exoneration—to unfold.
拒绝就这个问题做出决定实际上就是允许第二种解释——免责——的后果显现出来。
What such heroic indecision often amounts to, in practice, is a craven reaffirmation of the powers that be.
在实践中，这种英勇的优柔寡断往往意味着对现有权力的怯懦重申。
THERE were other classes.
还有其他课程。
“The Psychology of Morality” with psychologist Rob Henderson, a would-be Jordan Peterson.
“道德心理学”与心理学家罗布·亨德森（Rob Henderson）（未来的乔丹·彼得森）合作。
“Science and Christianity” with geophysicist and IQ-fetishist Dorian Abbot, whom you could hear say things like “I hate feminism,” a grin twisting his face.
“科学与基督教”与地球物理学家和智商拜物教多里安·阿博特（Dorian Abbot）一起，你可以听到他说“我讨厌女权主义”之类的话，脸上挂着笑容。
“Anglo-American Grand Strategy,” in which some 20 young men listened to historian Walter Russel Mead explain how the West had gained geopolitical supremacy over the past 300 years.
“英美大战略”中，大约 20 名年轻人聆听历史学家沃尔特·拉塞尔·米德 (Walter Russel Mead) 解释西方如何在过去 300 年来获得地缘政治霸权。
You could enroll in only one of the four Forbidden Courses, but I heard about Anglo-American from my roommate at the Hilton Anatole, Ralph.
你只能报名参加四门禁止课程中的一门，但我从希尔顿阿纳托尔酒店的室友拉尔夫那里听说了英美课程。
He was an excitable young man from the Midwest, who’d been a poll worker and middle school math teacher.
他是一个来自中西部的兴奋的年轻人，曾是一名民意调查工作人员和中学数学老师。
His plane to Dallas had been delayed, so I didn’t properly meet him until the evening of the second day.
他飞往达拉斯的航班延误了，所以直到第二天晚上我才正式见到他。
I walked into the hotel room and found him staring out the window.
我走进酒店房间，发现他正盯着窗外。
He turned as I walked in, then turned back to the window.
当我走进去时，他转过身来，然后又转向窗户。
“Woah!
“哇哦！
Ah man!
啊伙计！
Look at this!
看看这个！
It’s a huge pool!”
好大一个水池啊！”
Below us sprawled the hotel’s JadeWaters TM Resort Pool Complex.
我们下面是酒店的 JadeWaters TM 度假村泳池综合体。
There were slides and a lazy river.
有滑梯和一条漂流河。
We developed a certain rapport, Ralph and I.
拉尔夫和我，我们建立了一定的融洽关系。
Nights we’d lie in bed, stare at the white ceiling, and debrief each other on the day’s happenings.
晚上我们会躺在床上，盯着白色的天花板，互相汇报当天发生的事情。
“We talked about four schools of foreign policy.
“我们讨论了四所外交政策学院。
Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and Wilsonian,” he told me after the first day of classes.
汉密尔顿主义、杰斐逊主义、杰克逊主义和威尔逊主义，”第一天上课后他告诉我。
“We listened to songs.
“我们听歌。
That was great.
那太好了。
The songs were a reflection of each school.” He liked Merle Haggard’s “Okie from Muskogee” best.
这些歌曲反映了每个学校的情况。”他最喜欢梅尔·哈格德（Merle Haggard）的《来自马斯科吉的奥基》（Okie from Muskogee）。
It represented the Jacksonians.
它代表杰克逊主义者。
He pulled it up on his phone.
他把它拉到手机上。
As the night wore on, we listened to more songs, and our talk meandered beyond the matter of classes to our work lives, our families, our politics.
随着夜幕降临，我们听了更多的歌曲，我们的谈话也超越了课堂问题，延伸到了我们的工作生活、我们的家庭和我们的政治。
“For me, I’m more socially conservative,” Ralph told me.
“对我来说，我在社会上更加保守，”拉尔夫告诉我。
“You know, traditional family values.
“你知道，传统的家庭价值观。
So like, in that song, ‘Okie From Muskogee’—that’s me.
就像那首歌《Okie From Muskogee》中的那样——那就是我。
I wouldn’t want my kids to do drugs.
我不希望我的孩子吸毒。
So I’m not libertarian.” He sat up in his bed.
所以我不是自由主义者。”他从床上坐起来。
The words were flowing now.
现在话语已经流淌出来了。
“All I know is I have this set of beliefs and ideals,” he said, holding a hand curved in the air, as if it cradled those very ideals.
“我只知道我有一套信念和理想，”他说，一只手在空中弯曲，仿佛它怀揣着这些理想。
“It doesn’t mean I want to lock people up in jail.
“这并不意味着我想把人关进监狱。
It doesn’t mean I’m some kind of crazy.” Take immigration, he said.
这并不意味着我有点疯狂。”以移民为例，他说。
“I think immigrants are a lot more grounded than some Americans.” His parents were from Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
“我认为移民比一些美国人更加脚踏实地。”他的父母来自乌克兰和乌兹别克斯坦。
“The freedoms—everything we have—the comforts”: most Americans took these things for granted.
“自由——我们拥有的一切——舒适”：大多数美国人认为这些都是理所当然的。
Not immigrants.
不是移民。
“So I think more immigrants are better.” He lay back down and sighed.
“所以我认为移民越多越好。”他躺回去，叹了口气。
OTHER students at UATX made Ralph look like a paragon of social justice.
UATX 的其他学生让拉尔夫看起来像是社会正义的典范。
I speak of the school’s true target audience, of the young neoconservatives who seemed to think trans athletes and immigrants were the greatest threat to the Union, whose high school tuition had cost 4x a degree from a public university, who nodded at UATX speakers with graduate degrees from Berkeley or UChicago as they railed against “elites” and “elite culture” on the office complex of a billionaire.
我谈到了学校真正的目标受众，年轻的新保守主义者，他们似乎认为跨性别运动员和移民是对联邦的最大威胁，他们的高中学费是公立大学学位的四倍，他们对拥有伯克利或芝加哥大学研究生学位的 UATX 演讲者点头，因为他们在亿万富翁的办公大楼里抱怨“精英”和“精英文化”。
At lunch or between class sessions, you could hear them say interesting things.
午餐时或课间，你可以听到他们说有趣的事情。
Consider the remarks of a single afternoon.
考虑一下一个下午的言论。
One student, bravely reviving the pseudoscience of physiognomy, said that if your index finger was longer than your ring finger, that probably meant you were gay.
一名学生勇敢地复兴了相学的伪科学，他说如果你的食指比无名指长，那可能意味着你是同性恋。
Someone else claimed that 20% of Gen Z identified as LGTBQ.
还有人声称 20% 的 Z 世代是 LGTBQ。
“There’s no way a society can evolve if 20% of its population is gay,” another student added, shaking his head.
“如果一个社会有 20% 的人口是同性恋，那么这个社会就不可能发展，”另一名学生摇着头补充道。
“Evolve,” in this case, seemed to mean “stay the same” or “turn back the historical clock.” Later, yet another statistic was cited: “7% of France is Muslim.” “Yeah,” a peer replied, “that’s a problem because they don’t want to integrate.”
在这种情况下，“进化”似乎意味着“保持不变”或“让历史时钟倒转”。后来，又引用了另一项统计数据：“法国7%的人是穆斯林。” “是的，”一位同事回答道，“这是一个问题，因为他们不想融入。”
The subtext of these remarks was simple.
这些言论的潜台词很简单。
The social capital, political influence, and access to wealth that was formerly the uncontested and exclusive prerogative of straight white men was now under question.
社会资本、政治影响力和获得财富的机会曾经是白人异性恋无可争议的专有特权，但现在却受到了质疑。
They felt it at school.
他们在学校就感受到了。
They saw it in the media.
他们在媒体上看到了这一点。
They were here, at UATX, to live out a dying dream, to vent their frustration at its loss, and to help one another cling to it as long as possible.
他们来到 UATX，是为了实现一个垂死的梦想，发泄因失去梦想而感到的沮丧，并帮助彼此尽可能长久地坚持这个梦想。
They recommended internships in finance and tech to each other.
他们互相推荐金融和科技领域的实习机会。
They recommended books.
他们推荐书籍。
“Have you read The Strange Death of Europe ?” one student asked, referring to Douglas Murray’s 2017 political text which propagates the ethnonationalist Great Replacement Theory.
“你读过《欧洲的奇异死亡》吗？”一名学生问道，指的是道格拉斯·默里 (Douglas Murray) 2017 年宣传民族主义大替代理论的政治文本。
“That’s a great book,” he heard in reply.
“这是一本很棒的书，”他回答道。
THE guest speakers and founders of UATX were the ideal figures to strengthen these students’ ideas—or to indoctrinate the unconverted.
UATX 的演讲嘉宾和创始人是强化这些学生思想或向未皈依者灌输思想的理想人物。
Each evening after class we would congregate in the Debate Chamber of Old Parkland to heed them.
每天晚上下课后，我们都会聚集在旧帕克兰的辩论室聆听他们的讲话。
The room set the mood.
房间营造了气氛。
Sunk in the basement of a building modeled after Monticello, the Debate Chamber gets no natural light.
辩论室位于一座仿蒙蒂塞洛建筑的地下室内，没有自然光。
No matter, it is not dreary.
没关系，并不沉闷。
What with the electric skylight glowing yellow and blue overhead in an eternal, artificial sunset; what with the walnut walls and the 75 seats set before white oak desks with inlaid leather tops, all oriented around an imposing stage; what with the naturalistic painting of Julius Caesar getting stabbed to death on the Ides of March …
头顶上的电动天窗在永恒的人造日落中发出黄色和蓝色的光？胡桃木墙壁和 75 个座位设置在镶有皮革桌面的白橡木办公桌前，所有这些都围绕着一个宏伟的舞台；尤利乌斯·凯撒在三月十五日被刺死的自然主义绘画……
you feel teleported into some grand ole’ political past, into the Roman senate, say, as depicted in Spartacus (1960, dir.
你感觉自己被传送到了某个伟大的政治过去，比如罗马元老院，就像《斯巴达克斯》（1960，dir.
Stanley Kubrick), or Epcot, summer 2004.
斯坦利·库布里克），或 Epcot，2004 年夏季。
(And if you need to leave to use the bathroom, you’ll get to pass by a massive oil painting of George W.
（如果你需要离开去洗手间，你会经过一幅乔治·W·布什的巨幅油画。
Bush making the Hand of Benediction in front of the wreckage of 9/11, beside a Madonna-figure whose halo glows, I shit you not, with the Coca Cola logo.)
布什在 9/11 的残骸前做出祝福之手，旁边是一个光环闪闪发光的麦当娜雕像，我不是骗你的，上面有可口可乐的标志。）
First up: Kevin D.
首先：凯文·D.
Williamson, Writer in Residence at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, wearing a salt and pepper beard, a pink shirt, a blue tie.
威廉姆森，竞争企业研究所驻场作家，留着椒盐色的胡须，穿着粉色衬衫，打着蓝色领带。
He riffed on the topic of journalism for 30 minutes.
他用了 30 分钟的时间反复谈论新闻话题。
He enjoined us to read the bible and to “get yourself an 8 th -grade grammar book” instead of a journalism degree.
他嘱咐我们要读圣经，“给自己买一本八年级的语法书”，而不是新闻学学位。
He suggested, usefully, that we “learn something about something.” He threw in a few zingers.
他建议我们“了解一些东西”，这很有用。他说了几句话。
For instance, The Washington Post published “boring, dry, sterile” articles.
例如，《华盛顿邮报》发表了“无聊、枯燥、乏味”的文章。
And Bernie Sanders was not “ as crazy as he seems,” he was actually “a lot crazier than he seems.” Williamson shared some inspiring historical factoids, like, “the people who wrote our constitution, these people didn’t have law degrees,” forgetting the 32 framers who were lawyers.
伯尼·桑德斯并不“像他看起来那么疯狂”，他实际上“比他看起来更疯狂”。威廉姆森分享了一些鼓舞人心的历史事实，比如“制定我们宪法的人没有法律学位”，却忘记了 32 名制宪者都是律师。
(Ralph, back in the hotel room that same night, would ruefully describe the whole thing as “a little too irreverent.”) Harlan Crow was in the audience with us that evening, wearing a pink quarter-zip sweater and a red face, chuckling at Williamson’s tedious jokes.
（拉尔夫当天晚上回到酒店房间，悲伤地形容整件事“有点太不敬了。”）那天晚上，哈兰·克劳和我们一起坐在观众席上，穿着一件粉色的四分之一拉链毛衣，红着一张脸，对威廉姆森乏味的笑话咯咯地笑。
At the end of the talk, when some students became aware of Crow’s presence, the excitement in the room was palpable.
演讲结束时，当一些学生意识到克劳的存在时，房间里的兴奋之情溢于言表。
He embodied, after all, peak success.
毕竟，他体现了巅峰的成功。
Up next, Mr. Seth Dillon, CEO of The Babylon Bee , or “the Onion for evangelicals,” as New Yorker writer Kalefa Sanneh has nicely put it.
接下来是赛斯·狄龙 (Seth Dillon) 先生，巴比伦蜜蜂 (The Babylon Bee) 的首席执行官，或者用《纽约客》作家卡莱法·桑尼 (Kalefa Sanneh) 的话说，“福音派的洋葱”。
(They have headlines like, “Man Caught Drinking Bud Light Insists He’s Not Gay.”) Dillon spoke about “Canceling Comedy” the evening of the second day.
（他们的标题是这样的：“男子被发现喝百威淡啤，坚称他不是同性恋。”）第二天晚上，狄龙谈到了“取消喜剧”。
Scoffing at opposition to “punching down” in comedy, he raised his eyebrows and leered and smirked.
他嘲笑喜剧中反对“重拳出击”的做法，他扬起眉毛，斜视着，傻笑着。
He demonstrated an impressive command of alliteration: “Nothing,” he said, “undercuts lunacy and lies like laughter.” He licked Mr. Elon Musk’s boots, exclaiming that “the world’s richest man took matters into his own hands,” bought Twitter, “and declared comedy legal again.” In his beard and suit, he was a spectacular manchild.
他展示了令人印象深刻的头韵技巧：“没有什么比笑声更能削弱疯狂和谎言了，”他说。他舔舐埃隆·马斯克先生的靴子，惊叹道“世界首富把事情掌握在自己手中”，买下了推特，“并再次宣布喜剧合法化。”留着胡子，穿着西装，他是一个引人注目的大男孩。
On the third day, we heard from Richard Hanania, who is the author of the book The Origins of Woke —blurbed by billionaire Peter Thiel as showing that “we need …
第三天，我们听到了理查德·哈纳尼亚 (Richard Hanania) 的来信，他是《觉醒》一书的作者，亿万富翁彼得·蒂尔 (Peter Thiel) 在这本书中写道，“我们需要……
government violence to exorcise the diversity demon.” Hanania is also the author of blatantly white supremacist articles, as HuffPost reported not long after I attended UATX.
政府使用暴力来驱除多样性恶魔。”据《赫芬顿邮报》在我参加 UATX 后不久报道，哈纳尼亚也是公然白人至上主义文章的作者。
Writing under the pseudonym “Richard Hoste” in the early 2010s, Hanania advocated ethnic cleansing and forced sterilizations based on IQ tests.
哈纳尼亚在 2010 年代初以笔名“理查德·霍斯特”发表文章，主张基于智商测试进行种族清洗和强制绝育。
When HuffPost disclosed this at the beginning of August, Hanania claimed that his views had since changed—as would any neo-Nazi who cares about his upcoming book’s sales.
当《赫芬顿邮报》八月初披露这一消息时，哈纳尼亚声称他的观点已经改变——就像任何关心他即将出版的书的销量的新纳粹分子一样。
The thing is, recent writing under Hanania’s own name is no less fascistic.
问题是，最近以哈纳尼亚本人名义撰写的作品同样具有法西斯主义色彩。
He is the author of tweets supporting eugenics and calling for “more policing, incarceration, and surveillance of black people.”
他是支持优生学并呼吁“加强对黑人的警务、监禁和监视”的推文的作者。
Unlike most of the previous speakers, he was not alone on stage but sat facing UATX professor Rob Henderson.
与之前的大多数演讲者不同，他并不是独自一人在台上，而是面对着 UATX 教授 Rob Henderson。
This gave some unsuspecting students the impression that the two might argue.
这给一些毫无戒心的学生留下了两人可能会争吵的印象。
Perhaps Henderson and Hanania disagreed about something.
也许亨德森和哈纳尼亚在某些事情上存在分歧。
Perhaps the “constructive debate” advertised by UATX’s website was imminent.
或许 UATX 网站所宣传的“建设性辩论”即将到来。
As if conscious of this expectation, Henderson put on a funny little voice and asked Hanania if he could define the word “woke,” cleverly saying, “I think being woke just means you’re a good person.…” Hanania obliged Henderson, providing his personal genealogy of the term, before launching into a frantic invective against Affirmative Action and DEI.
似乎意识到了这种期望，亨德森用一种有趣的小声音问哈纳尼亚是否可以定义“醒来”这个词，他巧妙地说，“我认为醒来只是意味着你是一个好人……”哈纳尼亚答应了亨德森，提供了他个人对这个词的谱系，然后对平权行动和 DEI 发起了疯狂的谩骂。
Following some warped line of thought whose only logic was that of racism, Hanania burst out that he’d “rather punish people for something they have no control over—the color of their skin” than because “their parents run around smoking crack!”
哈纳尼亚遵循某种扭曲的思路，其唯一的逻辑就是种族主义，他突然说，他“宁愿因为人们无法控制的东西——肤色而惩罚人们”，也不愿因为“他们的父母到处乱吸可卡因！”
In February of this year, New Yorker writer Lawrence Wright wondered, with astonishing credulity, “whether UATX will be freewheeling or merely oppositional.” As the Hanania-Henderson talk showed, UATX’s commitment to “debate” is no more real than their championing of free speech.
今年 2 月，《纽约客》作家劳伦斯·赖特 (Lawrence Wright) 极其轻信地想知道“UATX 是随心所欲还是只是反对派”。正如哈纳尼亚-亨德森谈话所表明的那样，UATX 对“辩论”的承诺并不比他们对言论自由的拥护更真实。
Used by the likes of Hanania and other UATX associates, such words function not as signifiers of actual practices or principles but as flags for rallying fellow members of the far-right.
哈纳尼亚和其他 UATX 同事等人使用的这些词，并不是实际做法或原则的象征，而是作为团结极右翼成员的旗帜。
This fact was only magnified on the following night, when we heard from Bari Weiss.
第二天晚上，当我们收到巴里·韦斯的消息时，这一事实被放大了。
THERE she was.
她就在那里。
Our most famous founder.
我们最著名的创始人。
Seated on the stage of Harlan Crow’s Debate Chamber.
坐在哈兰·克劳辩论室的舞台上。
She who had identified the “iconoclastic thinkers” and “academic renegades” that comprised the Intellectual Dark Web—Sam Harris, Eric Weinstein, Jordan Peterson, et.
她指出了构成知识分子暗网的“反传统思想家”和“学术叛徒”——萨姆·哈里斯、埃里克·韦恩斯坦、乔丹·彼得森等。
al.
等人。
She who had not been canceled by The New York Times , but had resigned before being canceled due to her self-described “forays into Wrongthink.” She who had published Pano Kanelos’s original announcement of UATX on November 8, 2021, writing our school into being.
她没有被《纽约时报》取消，但在被取消之前就因她自称“涉足错误思想”而辞职。她于 2021 年 11 月 8 日发布了 Pano Kanelos 最初发布的 UATX 公告，书写了我们学校的诞生。
Delivered with the uncanny hypersincerity of a bad actor, her speech was a jumble.
她的讲话带着一个坏演员的不可思议的过度真诚，但讲话却很混乱。
On the one hand, she was careful to assert her identity: “I’m gay.
一方面，她小心翼翼地维护自己的身份：“我是同性恋。
I’m Jewish,” she began.
我是犹太人，”她开始说道。
On the other hand, she praised UATX for being a place “to separate identity from ideas.” On the one hand, she made good use of the freewheeling frontier imagery that is popular with techheads like Joe Lonsdale, saying that “we’re living in a time that requires new pioneers,” such as the good people who enter “the Wild West world of podcasting.” On the other, she told us that we also needed the “genuinely safe space” that UATX provides, disregarding that UATX’s Academic Programs Manager had recently promised the school would “permit no safe spaces.”
另一方面，她称赞 UATX 是一个“将身份与想法分开”的地方。一方面，她充分利用了乔·朗斯代尔等技术头脑中流行的随心所欲的前沿意象，她说“我们生活在一个需要新先驱的时代”，比如进入“播客的狂野西部世界”的好人。另一方面，她告诉我们，我们还需要 UATX 提供的“真正安全的空间”，尽管 UATX 的学术项目经理最近承诺学校将“不允许任何安全空间”。
Naturally, consistency was not the aim of her remarks.
当然，一致性并不是她言论的目的。
The real goal of her speech was the same as that of her newspaper’s headlines: to stoke moral panic and thereby unite a reactionary coalition.
她演讲的真正目的与她报纸的头条新闻相同：煽动道德恐慌，从而团结一个反动联盟。
She dumped words from a rhetorical grab-bag, tossing around whatever terms might stir her young listeners.
她从一个修辞袋中扔掉了一些词句，扔掉了任何可能激起她的年轻听众的术语。
Stirred they were.
他们很激动。
As the speech concluded, the room erupted in applause.
演讲结束时，会场爆发出热烈的掌声。
In the ensuing Q&A, however, at least one person in the audience evinced disappointment.
然而，在随后的问答中，至少有一位观众表现出了失望。
This student asked Bari Weiss why a school that promised “constructive debate” had failed to invite any speakers who were left-of-center.
这位学生问巴里·韦斯，为什么一所承诺“建设性辩论”的学校没有邀请任何中间偏左的演讲者。
Weiss had difficulty with that one.
韦斯在这一点上遇到了困难。
Perhaps because it so plainly pointed to what most attendees knew but blithely kept unspoken.
也许是因为它如此明确地指出了大多数与会者都知道但愉快地保持沉默的事情。
UATX quite clearly embraces some “truths” over others, and the discussions it fosters are like those that might take place at the Hoover Institution or a rightwing message board.
UATX 非常明显地拥护一些超越其他的“真理”，它所引发的讨论就像胡佛研究所或右翼留言板上可能发生的讨论一样。
There was only the most superficial range to the opinions and ideas held.
所持有的意见和想法只是最肤浅的范围。
Almost all the speakers droned smugly on about the same points.
几乎所有发言者都洋洋得意地谈论着同样的观点。
DEI is ruining higher education.
DEI 正在毁掉高等教育。
Women’s Studies and Ethnic Studies are worthless.
妇女研究和民族研究毫无价值。
“Gender ideology” is destroying America’s social and moral fabric.
“性别意识形态”正在摧毁美国的社会和道德结构。
IQ is the best measure of merit.
智商是衡量优点的最佳标准。
These positions have as their end the maintenance—the naturalization—of existing race and class hierarchies.
这些立场的目的是维持现有的种族和阶级等级制度，即归化。
Inviting speakers from the left would pose an obstacle to that naturalization.
邀请左翼发言人会对入籍构成障碍。
But Weiss could not say this outright.
但韦斯却不能直白地说出这句话。
She dodged the student’s question.
她回避了学生的问题。
Perhaps, she speculated, the left was just less interested in debate.
她推测，也许左派只是对辩论不太感兴趣。
LITTLE about the ideas expressed at UATX was new.
UATX 上表达的想法几乎没有什么新意。
There was the same nostalgia for some undefined time when race was not an issue, when education was purely meritocratic, when a moral majority led the nation.
人们对某个不确定的时代也怀有同样的怀念，那时种族不是问题，教育纯粹是精英统治，道德上的多数人领导国家。
There was the same invocation of “positivity” over “negativity,” the same tendency to frame criticism—of the right, of capitalism, of the country—as nihilistically divisive.
同样的，人们也用“积极性”来代替“消极性”，同样倾向于将批评——对右翼、对资本主义、对国家——视为虚无主义的分裂。
There were the same specters—“east coast elites,” “liberal elites”—that Republican politicians with nice graduate degrees have conjured from the ‘60s onward.
从 20 世纪 60 年代起，拥有良好研究生学位的共和党政客们就一直在召唤同样的幽灵——“东海岸精英”、“自由派精英”。
There was the same hazy invocation of “virtue” as the thing that was missing from American life.
美国人生活中所缺失的东西同样模糊地援引了“美德”。
Of what did virtue consist?
美德由什么组成？
Throughout the week, UATX speakers had provided some examples: mocking trans women and the value of diversity, lauding IQ as the ultimate metric, doing lip service to “debate” but failing to practice it.
整整一周，UATX 演讲者都提供了一些例子：嘲笑跨性别女性和多样性的价值、称赞智商是终极衡量标准、口头上“辩论”但没有付诸实践。
But the greatest models came on the last day, when Joe Lonsdale and Marc Andreessen, Zooming in from screens set up in the Debate Chamber, discussed the future of artificial intelligence.
但最伟大的模型出现在最后一天，当时乔·朗斯代尔和马克·安德森从辩论室设置的屏幕放大讨论人工智能的未来。
Lonsdale helped found Palantir—a data analytics company that contracts with Amazon, ICE, and the CIA—with Peter Thiel in 2004, and he currently leads 8VC, a venture capital firm that invests in AI, defense, and biomedicine.
2004 年，朗斯代尔与彼得·泰尔 (Peter Thiel) 一起帮助创立了 Palantir——一家与亚马逊、ICE 和 CIA 签订合同的数据分析公司，目前领导着 8VC，这是一家投资人工智能、国防和生物医学的风险投资公司。
(If it’s not already obvious, Thiel—Gen X’s very own Charles Koch—is in league with many of UATX’s members: he mentored Lonsdale, champions Hanania, and has spoken on Bari Weiss’s podcast.) Lonsdale is also one of UATX’s founders and helps fund the school.
（如果还不是很明显的话，蒂尔——X世代的查尔斯·科赫——与 UATX 的许多成员结盟：他指导朗斯代尔，支持哈纳尼亚，并在巴里·韦斯的播客上发表讲话。）朗斯代尔也是 UATX 的创始人之一，并为学校提供资金。
Before UATX had received official nonprofit status, it was sponsored by the Lonsdale-created Cicero Institute, a conservative thinktank that proposes “Free-market based solutions to public policy issues” (among them the criminalization of homelessness).
在 UATX 获得官方非营利地位之前，它是由朗斯代尔创建的西塞罗研究所赞助的，这是一个保守派智库，提出“基于自由市场的公共政策问题解决方案”（其中包括对无家可归者的刑事定罪）。
Andreessen is an even larger tech giant.
安德森是一家规模更大的科技巨头。
After co-designing one of the most successful early web browsers in 1992, he co-founded software company Netscape in the mid-nineties and VC firm Andreessen Horowitz in 2009.
在 1992 年共同设计了最成功的早期网络浏览器之一后，他于 90 年代中期共同创立了软件公司 Netscape，并于 2009 年共同创立了风险投资公司 Andreessen Horowitz。
His net worth is approaching $2 billion.
他的净资产接近20亿美元。
Last summer, Andreessen praised UATX as “a very big advance.”
去年夏天，Andreessen 称赞 UATX 是“一个非常大的进步”。
Lonsdale, with furrowed brow and beady eyes, played talk show host to Andreessen, who resembles nothing so much as a hardboiled egg.
朗斯代尔皱着眉头，眼睛圆睁，担任安德森脱口秀主持人，安德森看起来就像一个煮熟的鸡蛋。
The two extolled AI.
两人都盛赞人工智能。
“You should go through life doing the things that uniquely people can do,” Andreessen said.
安德森说：“你应该在一生中做一些只有人们才能做的事情。”
“Increased technology, and in particular AI, should basically actually make it possible to be more human.” Lonsdale concurred: “As technology improves we get to spend more time doing human things, doing natural things.” Here the terms “natural” and “human” were defined negatively, as whatever technology could not do.
“技术的进步，特别是人工智能，基本上应该让人类变得更加人性化。”朗斯代尔表示同意：“随着技术的进步，我们可以花更多的时间做人类的事情，做自然的事情。”在这里，“自然”和“人类”这两个术语被定义为负面的，即技术无法做到的事情。
This carried the loopy implication that most of human history, which did not include robots or large language models, was less than human.
这带有一种疯狂的暗示，即人类历史的大部分（不包括机器人或大型语言模型）都低于人类。
Of course, Lonsdale and Andreessen’s claims expressed less sincere belief in the inherent good of AI or unending technical innovation than post hoc rationalizations for a more fundamental virtue: making a shit ton of money.
当然，朗斯代尔和安德森的主张并不是对人工智能固有的好处或永无休止的技术创新的真诚信念，而是对更基本美德的事后合理化：赚大钱。
DESPITE UATX’s claims of ideological uniformity in higher ed, the regressive social politics found at the school are not much different from those you might hear as students trickle out of a data structures or financial investments class at a major university.
尽管 UATX 声称高等教育中的意识形态是统一的，但学校里发现的倒退的社会政治与你在重点大学的数据结构或金融投资课程中听到的那些并没有太大不同。
But UATX is a “genuinely safe space,” as Weiss put it, in the sense that it isolates students from the inconvenient opposition of other peers and professors.
但正如 Weiss 所说，UATX 是一个“真正安全的空间”，因为它将学生与其他同龄人和教授的不便反对隔离开来。
It is a monoculture of free-market faith which provides, in the end, a venue for young people seeking success in tech and finance to network and to fortify the rightwing ideas that brought them here in the first place.
这是一种自由市场信仰的单一文化，最终为寻求科技和金融成功的年轻人提供了一个交流和强化最初将他们带到这里的右翼思想的场所。
On November 8, UATX announced that it had received certification from the State of Texas and would welcome its first graduating class in the fall of 2024.
11月8日，UATX宣布已获得德克萨斯州认证，并将于2024年秋季迎来首届毕业班。
This month it hosted a prospective student's weekend.
本月，它举办了一个未来学生的周末活动。
While the university still lacks national accreditation, which typically takes at least five years to obtain, it is now able to grant degrees.
虽然该大学仍然缺乏国家认证（通常需要至少五年才能获得），但它现在能够授予学位。
But will the university actually get off the ground?
但这所大学真的会起步吗？
Can its rightwing summer camp actually evolve into a four-year degree?
它的右翼夏令营真的能演变成四年制学位吗？
UATX is more viable than you may think.
UATX 比您想象的更可行。
The university’s 2021 tax returns declared over $10 million in assets.
该大学 2021 年的纳税申报表申报的资产超过 1000 万美元。
This fall, Pano Kanelos stated that UATX had raised around $200 million, or 80% of the school’s $250 million fundraising goal.
今年秋天，Pano Kanelos 表示 UATX 已筹集了约 2 亿美元，即学校 2.5 亿美元筹款目标的 80%。
That number is significantly larger than the endowment of comparably small schools, like Antioch College ($49.5 million), American Baptist College, ($11.2 million), and Magdalen College of the Liberal Arts ($4.6 million).
这个数字远远高于相对较小的学校的捐赠，如安提阿学院（4,950 万美元）、美国浸会学院（1,120 万美元）和莫德林文学院（460 万美元）。
More money has flowed into UATX since the outbreak of Israel’s assault on Gaza, attracted by the university’s overt support for Israel.
自以色列袭击加沙爆发以来，更多资金流入UATX，原因是该大学公开支持以色列。
Several of UATX’s founders have longstanding commitments to Zionism.
UATX 的几位创始人长期致力于犹太复国主义。
Bari Weiss, in particular, has repeatedly endeavored to destroy the careers of those opposed to the Zionist project.
尤其是巴里·韦斯，他一再试图摧毁那些反对犹太复国主义计划的人的职业生涯。
As a student at Columbia, she attempted to label Arab professors critical of Israel racist.
作为哥伦比亚大学的学生，她试图给批评以色列的阿拉伯教授贴上种族主义者的标签。
As a contributor to The New York Times , she falsely suggested that Keith Ellison, the first Muslim elected to congress, was antisemitic.
作为《纽约时报》的撰稿人，她错误地暗示第一位当选国会议员的穆斯林基思·埃里森是反犹太主义者。
This past October, Weiss posted on Twitter, where she has over a million followers, that Palestinian writer Refaat Alareer had tweeted about the murder of an Israeli baby.
去年 10 月，韦斯在拥有超过 100 万粉丝的推特上发布了巴勒斯坦作家雷法特·阿拉雷尔 (Refaat Alareer) 在推特上发布的有关一名以色列婴儿被谋杀的消息。
(As other of Refaat’s posts make clear, the tweet in question was about the generation of false information by Zionists, not an actual case of infanticide.) In consequence, Alareer’s own Twitter inbox was flooded with death threats that same day.
（正如雷法特的其他帖子明确指出的那样，该推文是关于犹太复国主义者制造虚假信息的，而不是杀婴的实际案例。）因此，阿拉雷尔自己的推特收件箱当天就充斥着死亡威胁。
Just over a month later, Israeli forces killed Alareer, his brother, his sister, and three of his sister’s children, in what Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor concluded was a “deliberate and targeted” airstrike.
仅仅一个多月后，以色列军队杀害了阿拉里尔、他的兄弟、妹妹和他妹妹的三个孩子，欧洲地中海人权观察组织的结论是，这次空袭是一次“蓄意且有针对性的”空袭。
Jacob Howland, UATX’s Dean of Intellectual Foundations wrote in October, “There is something absurd about the demand that Israel exercise proportionality in the face of Evil,” effectively urging on the IDF’s campaign of annihilation, which has killed an estimated 20,000 Palestinians.
UATX 知识基金会院长雅各布·豪兰 (Jacob Howland) 在 10 月份写道，“要求以色列在面对邪恶时采取相称性的要求是荒谬的”，这实际上是在敦促以色列国防军开展歼灭行动，该行动已造成约 20,000 名巴勒斯坦人死亡。
“We’re trying to keep the good guys armed and ahead,” Joe Lonsdale, who is on UATX’s Board of Trustees, said a few weeks later in a Fox Business segment on the Israel–Hamas war.
几周后，UATX 董事会成员乔·朗斯代尔 (Joe Lonsdale) 在福克斯商业频道有关以色列-哈马斯战争的节目中表示：“我们正在努力让好人武装起来并保持领先。”
Niall Ferguson and Teri Andresen, both on the Board of Trustees, have also voiced support for Israel’s abominable retaliation, and the latter’s Twitter is substantially devoted to doxing supporters of Palestine.
董事会成员尼尔·弗格森 (Niall Ferguson) 和泰瑞·安德烈森 (Teri Andresen) 也表示支持以色列令人发指的报复行为，后者的推特主要致力于对巴勒斯坦支持者进行人肉搜索。
If anything is novel about UATX’s model, it is the creation of a rightwing monoculture in the form of a university, rather than a thinktank or policy institute.
如果说 UATX 的模式有什么新颖之处的话，那就是以大学而非智囊团或政策研究所的形式创建了右翼单一文化。
The university model carries certain advantages.
大学模式具有一定的优势。
Major investment firms and tech companies have long aimed recruiting efforts at select schools based on reputation and social connections.
长期以来，大型投资公司和科技公司一直根据声誉和社会关系来选择特定学校进行招聘。
UATX could present rightwing business leaders with a new, particularly convenient recruitment scenario: they would know in advance the political commitments of the student body, making it that much easier to maintain a conservative culture within their companies.
UATX 可以为右翼商界领袖提供一种新的、特别方便的招聘方案：他们可以提前了解学生团体的政治承诺，从而更容易在公司内部维持保守文化。
While blatantly reactionary universities do already exist, they tend to be religious or obscure or both.
虽然公然反动的大学确实存在，但它们往往是宗教性的或默默无闻的，或两者兼而有之。
UATX replaces religion with a gospel of technocapitalism.
UATX 用技术资本主义的福音取代了宗教。
It wards off obscurity by inviting noisy online extremists, like Hanania, and courting the favor of high-profile rich men, like Lonsdale, Andreessen, and Crow.
它通过邀请哈纳尼亚等吵闹的网络极端分子，并博得朗斯代尔、安德森和克罗等知名富人的青睐，避免了默默无闻。
For all of UATX’s supposed concern about “the culture,” the soul, the ethic of America, what at last constituted its core was this limitless faith in the goodness of the free market and entrepreneurship, of accumulating capital by endlessly making new products.
尽管 UATX 所谓的对美国“文化”、灵魂和道德的关注，但最终构成其核心的是对自由市场和企业家精神的无限信念，以及通过不断制造新产品来积累资本的信念。
Integral to this faith was a conviction about who merited such wealth and the political power that accompanied it.
这种信仰的一个组成部分是坚信谁应该获得如此财富以及随之而来的政治权力。
This who came into focus toward the close of the entrepreneurs’ talk.
在企业家演讲结束时，这一点成为焦点。
“There’s something very scary in our society—where this idea of a natural aristocracy,” Lonsdale said at the end, “has like really fallen out of favor.” Here it was, for a flash unconcealed by euphemism: “a natural aristocracy.”
朗斯代尔最后说道：“我们的社会中有一些非常可怕的事情——这种天生贵族的观念已经不再受欢迎了。”委婉的说法一闪而过：“天生的贵族”。
At some level, Lonsdale—who displays the verbal intelligence of an 18-year old fratboy and who, moments later, would declare that when founding a company “you want whatever unfair advantages you can get”—doesn’t care about “natural” ability.
在某种程度上，朗斯代尔——他表现出了一个 18 岁兄弟会男孩的语言智慧，片刻之后，他会宣称，在创立一家公司时，“你想要获得任何不公平的优势”——并不关心“天生”的能力。
What the author of tweets claiming “average black culture” is “broken” cares about is justifying existing economic and racial inequality and those, like himself and Andreessen, who reap massive rewards from it.
声称“普通黑人文化”“破碎”的推文作者关心的是为现有的经济和种族不平等以及像他自己和安德森这样从中获得巨大回报的人辩护。
By the way, Andreessen and Lonsdale are not unlikely to reap some financial rewards from their very participation in UATX.
顺便说一句，Andreessen 和 Lonsdale 不太可能从参与 UATX 中获得一些经济回报。
Consider it.
考虑一下。
Andreessen and Lonsdale champion AI at UATX.
Andreessen 和 Lonsdale 在 UATX 上倡导人工智能。
Two weeks later, Bari Weiss publishes an article by Andreessen in The Free Press , “AI Will Save the World.” Wait another week or so.
两周后，巴里·韦斯在《自由报》上发表了安德森的文章《人工智能将拯救世界》。再等一周左右。
UATX then uploads a video recording of the Andreessen-Lonsdale talk, titling it, “Will AI Save the World?” Lonsdale posts the same video to his YouTube channel, where it gets almost 45k views, and tweets a clip from it, which gets over 700k.
UATX 随后上传了一段 Andreessen-Lonsdale 演讲的视频，标题为“人工智能会拯救世界吗？”朗斯代尔将同一视频发布到他的 YouTube 频道，浏览量接近 45,000 次，并在 Twitter 上发布了一段视频剪辑，浏览量超过 700,000 次。
The upshot: a billionaire and a millionaire whose VC firms have a tremendous financial stake in AI get to widely broadcast the value of their securities.
结果是：一位亿万富翁和一位百万富翁的风险投资公司在人工智能领域拥有巨大的财务利益，可以广泛宣传其证券的价值。
In the grand scheme of business strategy, this chain of events may be minor, but it represents just one of the many channels through which UATX’s founders and friends reinforce their wealth and influence.
在宏伟的商业战略计划中，这一系列事件可能微不足道，但它只是 UATX 的创始人和朋友增强财富和影响力的众多渠道之一。