Care, Out of the Closet | Ann Neumann
Marie King is pushing eighty.
玛丽·金已经八十岁了。
She’s lean, with a lined face and shoulder-length hair that she’s dyed cherry red.
她身材瘦削，脸上布满皱纹，长发齐肩，染成樱桃红色。
In 2021, she experienced a medical emergency that put her in Pen Bay Medical Center in Rockport, Maine.
2021 年，她经历了一次医疗紧急情况，被送往缅因州罗克波特的彭湾医疗中心。
When she was ready for discharge, medical staff determined that King could not return to her prior assisted living facility because of trauma she’d experienced there.
当她准备出院时，医务人员确定金无法返回之前的辅助生活设施，因为她在那里经历了创伤。
They placed a call to Sunrise Assisted Living in Jonesport, one of nine facilities in the state then operated by Adult Family Care Homes of Maine.
他们致电琼斯波特的日出辅助生活中心，这是该州当时由缅因州成人家庭护理院运营的九个设施之一。
Sunrise had room for King, said Rhonda Chambers, a co-owner of Adult Family Care Homes.
成人家庭护理院的合伙人朗达·钱伯斯 (Rhonda Chambers) 表示，Sunrise 为 King 提供了空间。
But when Chambers learned that King was transgender—and could be placed in a semiprivate room with another woman—Chambers said the facility would not take King.
但当钱伯斯得知金是变性人并且可以与另一名女性一起被安置在半私人房间时，钱伯斯表示该设施不会接收金。
These exchanges were clearly documented.
这些交流都有明确的记录。
King’s social worker at the hospital decided to contact GLAD, the Boston-based organization devoted to legal defense and advocacy on LGBTQ issues.
金在医院的社会工作者决定联系 GLAD，这是一家总部位于波士顿的组织，致力于 LGBTQ 问题的法律辩护和倡导。
GLAD filed a complaint charging that King’s admission was denied because of her gender.
GLAD 提出投诉，指控金因性别而被拒绝入学。
“The failure to treat a woman who is transgender appropriately and respectfully as a woman leads to profound harm,” the complaint reads, harm that can include struggles with anxiety and depression, and that can even lead to suicide.
诉状中写道：“未能像女性一样适当和尊重地对待跨性别女性，会导致深远的伤害。”这种伤害可能包括与焦虑和抑郁作斗争，甚至可能导致自杀。
King’s advocates argued that Sunrise’s denial violated Maine’s Human Rights Act, which was amended in 2005 to extend equal opportunity to transgender people.
金的支持者认为，Sunrise 的否认违反了缅因州的人权法案，该法案于 2005 年修订，旨在为变性人提供平等机会。
Because of that denial, King spent four unnecessary months in an acute care hospital during the pandemic, much of it in isolation.
由于这一否认，金在大流行期间在一家急症护理医院度过了不必要的四个月，其中大部分时间都是隔离的。
The nursing home industry is defined by the word care , but it is often run in a way that diminishes the humanity of its clients—and not only on the basis of their identity.
疗养院行业的定义是“护理”这个词，但它的运营方式往往削弱了客户的人性——而不仅仅是基于他们的身份。
When I spoke with experts, residents, and nursing home staff for a Guardian series in early 2020, I heard three common concerns: there is too much industry fraud and consolidation; seniors are often “bounced” from one facility to another; and the understaffing plaguing the industry affects career training, job security, and staffers’ ability to meet the needs of all residents.
2020 年初，当我在《卫报》系列节目中与专家、居民和疗养院工作人员交谈时，我听到了三个共同的担忧：行业欺诈和整合太多；老年人经常从一个设施“跳槽”到另一个设施；困扰该行业的人手不足影响了职业培训、工作保障以及员工满足所有居民需求的能力。
As the Covid-19 pandemic played out, these trends led to a devastating spike in deaths and illness among both elders and staff.
随着 Covid-19 大流行的蔓延，这些趋势导致老年人和工作人员的死亡和患病人数急剧增加。
Despite some sincere but inadequate efforts by the Biden administration, little has changed since.
尽管拜登政府做出了一些真诚但不充分的努力，但此后几乎没有什么变化。
King’s case illustrates how LGBTQ elders are caught between two forces detrimental to their care: the continuing failures of the nursing home industry and a rising moral panic around sexual and gender minorities.
金的案例说明了 LGBTQ 老年人如何陷入两种不利于他们护理的力量之间：疗养院行业的持续失败和围绕性少数群体的道德恐慌日益加剧。
Whether in schools, libraries, or assisted living facilities, forces across the country who claim to be defending morality and freedom are pushing back against tolerance and anti-discrimination laws.
无论是在学校、图书馆还是辅助生活设施中，全国各地声称捍卫道德和自由的力量都在抵制宽容和反歧视法律。
Queer elders are finding that the complex inequities they face throughout their lives are following them to the nursing home.
酷儿长者发现，他们一生中面临的复杂的不平等正在跟随他们进入疗养院。
Not everyone gets to grow old.
不是每个人都会变老。
In certain states, in certain communities, among certain minority groups, it takes extra luck and tenacity to pass the half-century mark, to watch the slow advance of wrinkles and crow’s feet across our necks and faces.
在某些州、某些社区、某些少数群体中，需要额外的运气和毅力才能度过半个世纪的大关，看到皱纹和鱼尾纹在我们的脖子和脸上慢慢蔓延。
Those of us who live long enough to need help with cooking our meals, washing our hair, getting dressed—activities of daily living, or ADLs in nursing home speak—can turn to our unmarried eldest daughter still living at home (jk), our retirement funds (lol), home health aides (whose services can cost from $13 to more than $30 an hour, times twenty-four hours a day, times seven days a week), or long-term care facilities (funded by health insurance, if you’ve got it, or Medicare and Medicaid, as long as it lasts).
我们这些活得足够长、需要帮助做饭、洗头、穿衣的人——日常生活活动，或者疗养院里的 ADL——可以求助于我们仍然住在家里的未婚大女儿（jk）、我们的退休基金（笑）、家庭保健助理（其服务费用从每小时 13 美元到超过 30 美元不等，每天 24 小时，每周 7 天），或长期护理机构（由健康保险、如果您有的话，或者 Medicare 和 Medicaid，只要它持续有效）。
For decades, nursing home industry experts have been flapping their hands in horror, warning anyone who will listen that our aging population demands we reconsider how our nation supports long-term care for elders.
几十年来，疗养院行业专家一直在惊恐地拍手，警告任何愿意倾听的人，我们的人口老龄化要求我们重新考虑我们的国家如何支持老年人的长期护理。
Yet today, the industry—which has always had problems maintaining consistent quality of care—has been weakened by an array of bad business practices.
然而如今，该行业一直在维持一致的护理质量方面存在问题，但由于一系列不良的商业行为而受到削弱。
In some cases, the problem has been outright fraud due to self-reporting mechanisms and anemic state and federal regulation and enforcement.
在某些情况下，由于自我报告机制以及州和联邦监管和执法薄弱，问题已经完全是欺诈。
Unscrupulous operators have ended up in court for paying bribes or kickbacks to doctors to steer patients their way; others have simply abandoned their facilities, leaving staff to deal with hefty unpaid utility bills.
不择手段的经营者因向医生行贿或回扣以引导患者走上法庭而告上法庭；其他人干脆放弃了他们的设施，让工作人员处理巨额未付的水电费。
Some jump in to drain nursing homes for profit and then make a quick sale.
有些人为了盈利而跳入疗养院，然后快速出售。
This has fueled the closure of facilities, particularly in rural areas.
这加剧了设施的关闭，特别是在农村地区。
Like so many industries, nursing homes are also consolidating, creating ever-larger chains and conglomerates.
与许多行业一样，疗养院也在进行整合，创建规模越来越大的连锁企业和企业集团。
In fact, Adult Family Care Homes in Maine ended up selling its facilities in 2022 to a Texas-based company that also runs homes in Pennsylvania.
事实上，缅因州的成人家庭护理院最终于 2022 年将其设施出售给了一家总部位于德克萨斯州的公司，该公司也在宾夕法尼亚州经营护理院。
Meanwhile, the entrance of private equity into the nursing home industry is shifting it from family-owned care homes to faceless chains seeking to maximize profit, a transition that has caused state legislators to watch while new profit-driven groups sell real estate out from under already precarious nursing home operations, which are then forced to burden their bottom line with extractive monthly rent payments.
与此同时，私募股权进入养老院行业，正在将其从家庭拥有的养老院转变为寻求利润最大化的不知名连锁店，这种转变引起了州立法者的关注，而新的利润驱动团体则出售本已岌岌可危的养老院业务中的房地产，然后被迫通过每月抽取租金来负担其底线。
The result is usually understaffing and underpayment, with average annual salaries for nursing assistants ranging from $24,000 to $40,000.
结果通常是人手不足和工资不足，护理助理的平均年薪在 24,000 美元到 40,000 美元之间。
That leads to a high staff turnover rate and low levels of training and experience.
这导致员工流动率高、培训和经验水平低。
Union busting by nursing home corporations is considered a cost of doing business.
疗养院公司破坏工会被认为是开展业务的成本。
The nursing home industry is defined by the word care , but it is often run in a way that diminishes the humanity of its clients.
疗养院行业的定义是“护理”这个词，但它的运营方式往往削弱了客户的人性。
All this reduces elders in need of care to income-generating cogs in the machine: the disorienting bouncing of elders from one site to another in order to maximize reimbursements per patient hour has become more common.
所有这些都将需要护理的老年人变成了机器中创收的齿轮：为了最大限度地提高每个病人每小时的报销费用，老年人从一个地点到另一个地点的令人迷惑的跳动已经变得越来越普遍。
Each state has its own unique reimbursement structure, with revenue flowing to nursing homes from the state, from private insurance, and from the federal government.
每个州都有自己独特的报销结构，收入从州、私人保险和联邦政府流向疗养院。
Some nursing home chains refuse to accept patients who aren’t eligible for higher rates of reimbursement, shuffling them among hospitals, low-quality facilities, and even homeless shelters rather than accepting lower hourly payments.
一些疗养院连锁店拒绝接受不符合较高报销资格的患者，将他们安排在医院、低质量设施甚至无家可归者收容所之间，而不是接受较低的每小时付款。
It is illegal to bounce a patient when their higher payout is exhausted if they need continued care.
如果病人需要继续护理，当他们的高额赔付用完时，拒绝病人是违法的。
Nevertheless, such evictions happen all over the country every day.
然而，这样的驱逐每天在全国各地都在发生。
The problem is that few elders or their families know this rule, and even fewer have the resources to do something about it.
问题是，很少有长辈或他们的家人知道这条规则，更没有人有资源对此采取行动。
The Medicaid and Medicare systems, never built for the needs of the country’s dramatically rising elder population, were also never designed to cover ten, fifteen, or twenty years of long-term care that many elders now require.
医疗补助和医疗保险系统从来都不是为了满足该国急剧增长的老年人口的需求而建立的，也从来没有被设计来覆盖许多老年人现在需要的十年、十五年或二十年的长期护理。
Both are underfunded and underprepared for the wave of elders coming their way in the next decades.
两者都资金不足，也没有为未来几十年即将到来的老年人浪潮做好准备。
There are new efforts at the state level to keep elders in their family homes as a means of bypassing the turbulent nursing home industry—and to keep long-term care costs down.
州一级采取了新的措施，让老年人留在家里，作为绕过动荡的疗养院行业的一种手段，并降低长期护理成本。
But these are little help for those in precarious housing situations, with potentially nowhere else but a facility to call home.
但这些对于那些住房条件不稳定的人来说几乎没有什么帮助，因为除了一个可以称之为家的设施之外，他们可能没有其他地方。
The system seems to rely on these elders having shorter lifespans.
该系统似乎依赖于这些寿命较短的长者。
Still, nearly half of the unhoused people in the United States are over the age of fifty.
尽管如此，美国近一半的无家可归者年龄都在五十岁以上。
Intermittent homelessness from an early age is one of a complex cluster of obstacles to reaching old age faced by the queer community that many other demographic categories never have to contend with.
从小就间歇性的无家可归是酷儿社区面临的一系列复杂的老年障碍之一，而许多其他人口类别永远不必应对。
Others include elevated exposure to HIV/AIDS and diseases like hepatitis; chronic financial instability; inadequate, inaccessible, or discriminatory health care; and physical and mental abuse from family, friends, and society at large.
其他包括更多地接触艾滋病毒/艾滋病和肝炎等疾病；长期的金融不稳定；医疗保健不足、难以获得或存在歧视性；来自家人、朋友和整个社会的身体和精神虐待。
Yet as the U.S. population ages rapidly, so, too, will LGBTQ community members.
然而，随着美国人口迅速老龄化，LGBTQ 群体成员也将迅速老龄化。
Studies project that the current population of three million LGBTQ elders over the age of fifty will more than double over the next seven years, reaching an estimated seven million by 2030.
研究预测，目前 50 岁以上 LGBTQ 老年人口数量将达到 300 万，未来七年将增加一倍以上，预计到 2030 年将达到 700 万。
(Tellingly, as with prison and homeless populations, members of the queer community are often tracked as elders starting at fifty because of advanced aging characteristics.)
（很明显，与监狱和无家可归者一样，酷儿社区的成员由于老龄化特征较晚，从 50 岁开始就经常被视为老年人。）
According to AARP, nearly 40 percent of LGBTQ elders are disabled or chronically ill.
根据 AARP 的数据，近 40% 的 LGBTQ 老年人患有残疾或患有慢性病。
More than half report that they are lonely and socially isolated from their family and community: a recognized indicator of mental and physical health.
超过一半的人表示，他们感到孤独，与家人和社区隔绝：这是公认的心理和身体健康指标。
Marie King’s experience is not unique.
玛丽·金的经历并不是独一无二的。
All across the country, LGBTQ elders are grappling with an industry unraveling amid a politics of discrimination, one that has found it more expedient to punish minorities than to fix an intractable long-term care problem.
在全国各地，LGBTQ 长者都在努力应对这个在歧视政治中崩溃的行业，这个行业发现惩罚少数群体比解决棘手的长期护理问题更为权宜之计。
In January of 2021, President Biden issued an executive order intended to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation in employment, housing, education, and health care.
2021年1月，拜登总统发布了一项行政命令，旨在防止就业、住房、教育和医疗保健方面基于性别认同和性取向的歧视。
The next month, the Department of Housing and Urban Development finally added sexual orientation and gender identity as categories protected under the Fair Housing Act, which was originally passed by Congress in 1968.
下个月，住房和城市发展部最终将性取向和性别认同纳入《公平住房法》的保护类别，该法最初于 1968 年由国会通过。
The federal Nursing Home Reform Act also includes protections for LGBTQ elders.
联邦疗养院改革法案还包括对 LGBTQ 老年人的保护。
Yet studies have shown that these elders disproportionately suffer discrimination when entering long-term care.
然而研究表明，这些老年人在进入长期护理时遭受的歧视尤为严重。
And statewide protections can be weak: there are nineteen states with no prohibitions at all against discrimination by gender or orientation.
全州范围内的保护可能很薄弱：有十九个州根本没有禁止性别或取向歧视。
Nominal protections for LGBTQ elders in long-term care will soon to be put to the test.
对长期护理中 LGBTQ 老年人的名义保护将很快受到考验。
A rather quiet ongoing legal conflict in California is set to determine whether it is a crime for nursing home staff to intentionally and continuously deadname or misgender a trans elder.
加利福尼亚州一场相当安静的持续法律冲突将确定疗养院工作人员故意和持续地对跨性别老人起名字或错误性别是否构成犯罪。
The California legislature passed a law known as SB 219 in 2017 prohibiting such discrimination, but it has not taken effect due to a lawsuit claiming to protect nursing home employees’ “freedom of expression”—at the explicit expense of residents’ rights.
加州立法机构于 2017 年通过了一项名为 SB 219 的法律，禁止此类歧视，但由于一项声称保护疗养院员工“言论自由”的诉讼——明显牺牲了居民的权利，该法律尚未生效。
The challenge is the work of Taking Offense, a shadowy advocacy group which self-describes as an “unincorporated association which includes at least one California citizen and taxpayer who has paid taxes to the state within the last year.” That’s practically all we know about Taking Offense, as well as the name and contact information of their lawyer, David Llewellyn Jr., who has declined to speak with any journalist I could find.
这项挑战来自 Take Offense 的工作，这是一个神秘的倡导组织，该组织自称是一个“非法人协会，其中至少包括一名加州公民和去年向该州纳税的纳税人”。这几乎就是我们对 Take Offense 的了解，以及他们的律师 David Llewellyn Jr. 的姓名和联系信息，他拒绝与我能找到的任何记者交谈。
(Llewellyn also did not return my call.)
（卢埃林也没有回我的电话。）
With SB 219, the intent of the California legislature was to make it unlawful for long-term care staff to “willfully and repeatedly” refer to residents by names and pronouns they don’t identify with, and to assign, reassign, or refuse to assign rooms to transgender residents that don’t match their gender identity.
通过 SB 219，加州立法机关的目的是规定长期护理人员“故意且反复”使用他们不认同的姓名和代词来称呼居民，以及为与他们的性别认同不符的变性居民分配、重新分配或拒绝分配房间，这些行为都是非法的。
Repeatedly calling a trans woman “Mr.,” for instance, would be a misdemeanor, and it would be illegal to put her in a room with men, with the possible penalty of 180 days in jail and a $2,500 fine.
例如，反复称呼跨性别女性为“先生”将被视为轻罪，将她与男性共处一室也是违法的，可能会被判处 180 天监禁和 2,500 美元罚款。
If implemented, the bill would strengthen and qualify existing nondiscrimination laws in the California Fair Employment and Housing Act.
如果实施，该法案将加强和限定《加州公平就业和住房法案》中现有的非歧视法。
The Taking Offense challenge is a “get off my lawn” screed and a willful misunderstanding of LGBTQ rights; it invites overzealous nursing home staff to pass judgement on their residents’ sense of self.
“冒犯”挑战是“滚出我的草坪”的长篇大论，是对 LGBTQ 权利的故意误解；它邀请过度热心的疗养院工作人员对居民的自我意识做出判断。
The contempt in the group’s legal filing practically drips off the page.
该组织的法律文件中的蔑视行为几乎从纸面上滴落下来。
It complains a lot, at length, and randomly.
它抱怨很多，冗长且随意。
One section declares that pronoun is not clearly defined, then goes on to list “different declensions” like “zie, zim, zir, zis, zieself.” The intention is to make the current moment’s search for how best to protect sex and gender minorities to be silly, a child’s game beneath the state court and state law, and certainly beneath the righteous, anonymous people behind Taking Offense.
其中一节声明代词没有明确定义，然后列出了“不同的词尾变化”，例如“zie、zim、zir、zis、zieself”。其目的是让当前寻求如何最好地保护性别和性别少数群体的努力变得愚蠢，成为州法院和州法律之下的儿童游戏，当然也低于“冒犯”背后的正义、匿名者。
The group also claims that SB 219 is “unconstitutionally vague and over broad”:
该组织还声称 SB 219“含糊且过于宽泛，违宪”：
The statute states generally that a violation consists of “[w]illfully and repeatedly fail[ing] to use a resident’s preferred name or pronouns after being clearly informed of the preferred name or pronouns” without clarifying whether this prohibition applies only when conversing with the resident; or when speaking in the presence of the resident; or when speaking about the resident in all times and places (whether at the licensed facility or elsewhere); or when speaking during working hours of the staff member at the facility as opposed to speaking at all times (all day, every day and forever); or applies also when writing to, in the presence of, or about the resident; or when writing only official records or business records concerning the resident as opposed to personal, academic, political, ideological, polemic, educational and/or other writings that mention the resident; or when writing about the resident after the death of the resident; or when engaging in forms of expression, including, but not limited to, speaking, writing, art, music, tracts and other expressive media that are indisputably protected under state and/or federal constitutional principles of freedom of thought, press, expression, conscience, religion and other legal guarantees and exceptions.
该法规一般规定，违规行为包括“在明确告知居民首选姓名或代词后，故意且多次不使用居民首选姓名或代词”，但没有澄清该禁令是否仅在与居民交谈时适用；或在居民在场的情况下讲话；或在任何时间和地点谈论该居民时（无论是在许可设施还是其他地方）；或者在设施工作人员的工作时间内讲话，而不是在所有时间（全天、每天和永远）讲话；或也适用于写信给居民、居民在场或有关居民的情况；或仅撰写有关该居民的官方记录或商业记录，而不是提及该居民的个人、学术、政治、意识形态、辩论、教育和/或其他著作；或在居民去世后撰写有关该居民的文章；或从事表达形式，包括但不限于演讲、写作、艺术、音乐、传单和其他表达媒体，这些表达形式无可争议地受到州和/或联邦宪法思想、新闻、言论、良心、宗教自由和其他法律保障和例外原则的保护。
Further, the suit contends that the law should be changed to specifically allow for the use of the pronoun “heshe,” which supposedly “offers a much simpler adaptation to the gender-pronoun tug-of-war and battle of wills and wits created by the Legislature.” Such a suggestion, of course, is not meant to be respectful or constructive.
此外，该诉讼还认为，应该修改法律，明确允许使用代词“heshe”，据称“为立法机关创造的性别代词拉锯战和意志与智慧之战提供了更简单的适应”。当然，这样的建议并不意味着尊重或建设性。
As the lawsuit states: “People seeking to commandeer the authority of the state and the concern of the state for residents suffering from gender dysphoria to impose their culture-change ideology on the gender-conforming people of the state do not deserve protection.”
正如诉讼所述：“那些试图夺取国家权威和国家对患有性别不安的居民的关注，将其文化变革意识形态强加给符合性别标准的人的人不值得保护。”
A trial court initially ruled in favor of the California law, but Taking Offense appealed the decision.
初审法院最初做出了支持加州法律的裁决，但 Take Offense 对这一裁决提出了上诉。
In July 2021, three Third District Court of Appeal justices, Elena J.
2021 年 7 月，第三区上诉法院三名法官 Elena J.
Duarte, Harry Hull, and Ronald Robie, jointly and unanimously ruled that boarding trans elders according to their birth sex was illegal—striking down one argument by Taking Offense—but that deadnaming or misgendering elders was legal.
杜阿尔特、哈里·赫尔和罗纳德·罗比共同一致裁定，根据出生性别寄宿跨性别长者是非法的——他通过“冒犯”驳回了一项论点——但对长者起名或性别错误是合法的。
The court agreed with Taking Offense’s claim that requiring the use of chosen names and pronouns “violates staff members’ rights to free speech, free exercise of religion, and freedoms of thought and belief, and is vague and overbroad.”
法院同意 Take Offense 的主张，即要求使用选定的名字和代词“侵犯了工作人员的言论自由、宗教自由以及思想和信仰自由的权利，而且含糊和过于宽泛。”
Justice Robie wrote in a concurring opinion, “The Legislature .
罗比法官在一致意见中写道：“立法机关……
.
。
.
。
unfortunately chose a prophylactic remedy to eliminate misuse of pronouns that just went too far.
不幸的是，我选择了一种预防性补救措施来消除代词的滥用，但这种做法太过分了。
Instead of mandating that employers ensure the use of proper pronouns in the workplace, the Legislature unwisely made misuse of pronouns a crime.”
立法机关没有强制要求雇主确保在工作场所使用适当的代词，而是不明智地将滥用代词定为犯罪。”
On September 14, 2021, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a resolution asking the California Supreme Court to strike down the Third District decision.
2021年9月14日，旧金山监事会通过决议，要求加州最高法院推翻第三区的裁决。
State Attorney General Rob Bonta also filed a petition to the Supreme Court asking for review.
州总检察长罗布·邦塔 (Rob Bonta) 也向最高法院提交了一份请愿书，要求复审。
UC Berkeley and UC Davis School of Law professors wrote to the Supreme Court to support SB 219.
加州大学伯克利分校和加州大学戴维斯分校法学院的教授致函最高法院支持 SB 219。
A staffer for State Senator Scott Wiener, who introduced SB 219, conveyed the senator’s view to me: “It’s outrageous that bigotry has been allowed to halt implementation of a law that does nothing more than ensure LGBTQ seniors can live with dignity.
州参议员斯科特·维纳 (Scott Wiener) 的一名工作人员介绍了 SB 219，他向我转达了这位参议员的观点：“一项无非是确保 LGBTQ 老年人能够有尊严地生活的法律竟然被允许因偏见而停止实施，这是令人愤慨的。
This is the generation that fought for LGBTQ equality, and leaving them vulnerable to more discrimination in long-term care is simply cruel.”
这是为 LGBTQ 平等而奋斗的一代人，让他们在长期护理方面容易受到更多歧视，这简直是残酷的。”
In a brief filed with the State Supreme Court, the state argues that Taking Offense has no standing to bring the case and that SB 219 is constitutionally valid.
在向州最高法院提交的一份简报中，该州辩称 Take Offense 没有资格提起诉讼，并且 SB 219 具有宪法效力。
“Just as the State may validly bar verbal discrimination in the workplace,” the brief reads, “it may prohibit willful, repeated misgendering of long-term care residents in the facilities where they live.” Emphasis is placed on showing, with medical research, that misgendering and deadnaming are damaging to elders.
“正如国家可以有效地禁止工作场所的言语歧视一样，”简报写道，“它也可以禁止在长期护理机构中故意、反复地对长期护理居民进行性别歧视。”医学研究的重点是表明性别错误和死名对老年人有害。
The brief emphasizes that nursing homes are elders’ homes, where they are intimately cared for by staff, who feed them, change their clothes, bathe them: “Discrimination by health care providers can call into question the reliability and quality of every aspect of a patient’s care.
简报强调，疗养院是老年人的家，在那里，他们受到工作人员的贴心照顾，为他们提供食物、给他们换衣服、给他们洗澡：“医疗保健提供者的歧视可能会让人质疑患者护理各个方面的可靠性和质量。
If, for example, a nurse were to willfully and repeatedly refuse to use an LGBT long-term care resident’s name and pronouns, that resident may reasonably question whether the nurse is otherwise failing to act in the best interests of the resident’s health.”
例如，如果一名护士故意多次拒绝使用 LGBT 长期护理居民的姓名和代词，该居民可能会合理地质疑护士是否未能以符合居民健康最佳利益的方式行事。”
More than twenty advocacy groups have signed on to an amicus brief to the California Supreme Court in support of SB 219 and criticizing Taking Offense’s suit, including Pride at Work, National Center for Lesbian Rights, Lambda Legal, Equality California, National Women’s Law Center, ACLU of Southern California, Trans Lifeline, and Transgender Law Center.
超过 20 个倡导团体已签署向加州最高法院提交的法庭之友陈述，支持 SB 219 并批评 Take Offense 的诉讼，其中包括 Pride at Work、国家女同性恋权利中心、Lambda Legal、Equality California、国家妇女法律中心、ACLU of Southern California、Trans Lifeline 和 Transgender Law Center。
One alternative to the prejudice that many LGBTQ elders receive in nursing homes and long-term care facilities is to provide housing and residential services that serve the queer community specifically.
许多 LGBTQ 老年人在疗养院和长期护理机构中受到的偏见的一种替代方案是提供专门为酷儿社区服务的住房和住宿服务。
Queer elders are finding that the complex inequities they face throughout their lives are following them to the nursing home.
酷儿长者发现，他们一生中面临的复杂的不平等正在跟随他们进入疗养院。
On Myrtle Avenue in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, across from the park, stands a new seventeen-story residential building with 145 units reserved for those sixty-two and older who are living at or beneath 50 percent of the area’s median income.
在公园对面布鲁克林格林堡的默特尔大道上，矗立着一栋新的 17 层住宅楼，其中有 145 个单元，专为生活在该地区中等收入 50% 或以下的 62 岁及以上人士预留。
It is the largest of its kind in the country.
这是该国同类中最大的。
About half of its units are intended for LGBTQ residents.
其大约一半的单位是为 LGBTQ 居民设计的。
Stonewall House, which opened in 2019, was built by the city in partnership with SAGE, the nation’s oldest LGBTQ elder-focused organization.
Stonewall House 于 2019 年开业，由该市与美国历史最悠久的 LGBTQ 老年人组织 SAGE 合作建造。
The development is geared toward the “aging in place” approach: residents can receive health care services on location.
该开发项目旨在实现“就地养老”：居民可以就地接受医疗保健服务。
On the first floor of Stonewall House is a nearly seven-thousand-square-foot community center operated by SAGE, one of the organization’s six senior centers in New York City (Midtown, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Harlem are the other locations, in addition to another center in Brooklyn).
Stonewall House 的一楼是一个近 7000 平方英尺的社区中心，由 SAGE 运营，该中心是该组织在纽约市的六个老年人中心之一（除了布鲁克林的另一个中心外，其他地点还包括中城、布朗克斯、史坦顿岛和哈莱姆区）。
Their tagline is, “We refuse to be invisible.” In addition to their facilities, SAGE offers a range of services across the country.
他们的口号是：“我们拒绝隐形。”除了设施之外，SAGE 还在全国范围内提供一系列服务。
SAGECare provides LGBTQ-affirming staff training and credentialing courses to organizations in all fifty states, in person or online.
SAGECare 向所有 50 个州的组织提供面对面或在线的 LGBTQ 确认员工培训和认证课程。
And SAGEServes supports elders and their caregivers with a buddy program, counseling, and caregiving respites.
SAGEServes 通过伙伴计划、咨询和护理暂托服务为老年人及其护理人员提供支持。
Yet housing discrimination against LGBTQ elders remains common.
然而，针对 LGBTQ 老年人的住房歧视仍然普遍存在。
In the lobby of the SAGE Center at Stonewall House, when I stopped by not long ago, seniors were coming and going.
不久前我去石墙之家的 SAGE 中心大厅时，长辈们来来往往。
Bright handwritten signs covered the walls, and staffers rang out hellos from behind the front desk.
墙壁上挂满了明亮的手写标牌，工作人员在前台后面打招呼。
It’s a far cry from most of the senior centers I’ve volunteered in: beautiful, well-kept, and well-resourced.
这与我志愿服务过的大多数老年人中心相去甚远：美丽、维护良好、资源充足。
Staff are protective of their members; the site director came out to greet me but was wary of offering a stranger a tour.
工作人员保护其成员；现场主管出来迎接我，但对邀请陌生人参观持谨慎态度。
Visibility, as this community knows, can bring danger.
正如这个社区所知，可见性可能会带来危险。
“This is the very first generation to be out.
“这是第一代被淘汰的人。
Now they are entering a point in life when they are more vulnerable and at risk,” Aaron Tax, SAGE’s managing director of government affairs and policy advocacy, told me.
现在，他们正进入一个更加脆弱和面临风险的人生阶段，”SAGE 政府事务和政策倡导董事总经理亚伦·塔克斯 (Aaron Tax) 告诉我。
“As they think back on the history of stigma, they wonder if they should be careful about being out.
“当他们回顾耻辱的历史时，他们想知道自己是否应该谨慎行事。
Some decide to go back in the closet when they enter long-term care.” SAGE works to prevent elders from returning to the closet.
有些人在进入长期护理中心后决定重新出柜。” SAGE 致力于防止老年人重新出柜。
The Maine Human Rights Commission ultimately found that Marie King had “reasonable grounds” for her complaint against Sunrise Assisted Living in Jonesport, Maine.
缅因州人权委员会最终认定，玛丽·金对缅因州琼斯波特日出辅助生活中心的投诉有“合理理由”。
A landmark settlement—the case is believed to be the first of its kind—was reached in June of 2022.
2022 年 6 月达成了具有里程碑意义的和解——该案被认为是此类案件中的首例。
It required all nine Adult Family Care Homes (now Magnolia Assisted Living) facilities in the state to adopt a “comprehensive transgender nondiscrimination policy” and mandated that staff and management attend training developed by SAGECare.
它要求该州所有九家成人家庭护理院（现为 Magnolia Assisted Living）设施采用“全面的跨性别非歧视政策”，并要求工作人员和管理人员参加 SAGECare 制定的培训。
The thing about moral panics is that they thrive on austerity, intractability, and hopelessness.
道德恐慌的问题在于，它们因紧缩、棘手和绝望而猖獗。
GLAD and the Sunrise parent corporation released a joint statement after the settlement that reads, “The parties hope that the positive resolution of this matter will lead long-term care facilities across the country to adopt policies that ensure that transgender older adults, indeed all older adults, will be treated with dignity and respect.” King was awarded $1,000, and GLAD received $8,500 to cover legal expenses.
GLAD 和 Sunrise 母公司在和解后发表了一份联合声明，其中写道：“双方希望此事的积极解决将导致全国各地的长期护理机构采取政策，确保跨性别老年人，实际上是所有老年人，都得到尊严和尊重。” King 获得 1,000 美元赔偿，GLAD 获得 8,500 美元赔偿，用于支付法律费用。
In a GLAD video about the case, King is shown at her new home, sitting outside in the grass in a wheelchair, with trees and flowers behind her.
在一段关于此案的 GLAD 视频中，金坐在她的新家，坐在轮椅上，身后是树木和鲜花。
One clip shows her stretched out on the bed in her room reading a book.
一段视频显示她躺在房间的床上看书。
King said Sunrise refused her admission out of “unadulterated prejudice.” “They turned out to be a different strain of people,” she said, “They knew they were going to do wrong, but they went ahead and done it anyway.”
金表示，日出拒绝她入场是出于“纯粹的偏见”。 “事实证明，他们是一群不同的人，”她说，“他们知道自己会做错事，但他们还是继续做了。”
GLAD’s Chris Erchull said that the first problem was that there weren’t enough assisted living facilities to meet Maine’s needs.
GLAD 的 Chris Erchull 表示，第一个问题是没有足够的辅助生活设施来满足缅因州的需求。
“The second problem is that as a transgender woman, [King] faces additional obstacles to being able to find the right home.”
“第二个问题是，作为一名跨性别女性，[King]在找到合适的家方面面临着额外的障碍。”
These two problems are related.
这两个问题是相关的。
The thing about moral panics is that they thrive on austerity, intractability, and hopelessness.
道德恐慌的问题在于，它们因紧缩、棘手和绝望而猖獗。
Can’t find a way to fix the threadbare public school system?
找不到方法来修复陈旧的公立学校系统吗？
One thing you can do is stop the lone trans student from using the same bathroom as your daughter.
您可以做的一件事就是阻止孤独的跨性别学生与您的女儿使用同一间浴室。
Can’t convince the owners to pay you a living wage for the work you do at this nursing home?
无法说服业主为您在这家疗养院所做的工作支付生活工资？
You can assert power by refusing to let residents force you to use words you don’t want to.
你可以通过拒绝居民强迫你使用你不想使用的词语来维护权力。
Making folk devils out of the disadvantaged is a politically expedient pastime.
让民间恶魔摆脱弱势群体是一种政治权宜之计。
It can also be a way of dealing with anxiety, as intellectual historian Barnaby Raine has reminded us, especially in a “moment of social transition.” But abstract obsessions distract us from creative ways to solve the real, tangible problems we collectively face.
正如思想史学家巴纳比·雷恩（Barnaby Raine）提醒我们的那样，这也可以成为应对焦虑的一种方式，尤其是在“社会转型时刻”。但对抽象的痴迷会分散我们的注意力，让我们无法用创造性的方法来解决我们共同面临的真实、有形的问题。
After all, King is just an old woman, like your grandma or my aunt, who’s looking for a good roof over her head in her final years.
毕竟，金只是一个老妇人，就像你的祖母或我的姨妈一样，正在为她的最后几年寻找一个好的栖身之所。
“I know there’s other people in my same position,” she said, “But I don’t know how many of them fight back like me.
“我知道还有其他人和我有同样的处境，”她说，“但我不知道他们中有多少人像我一样反抗。
I got tired of being the doormat.
我厌倦了当受气包。
I decided it was time to put an end to some of it.”
我决定是时候结束其中的一些事情了。”