The Cat’s Meat Man
As cats evolved from feral ratters into beloved Victorian companions, a nascent pet-food economy arose on the carts of so-called “cat’s meat men”.
随着猫从野生捕鼠者进化为深受人们喜爱的维多利亚时代伴侣，新兴的宠物食品经济在所谓的“猫肉人”的推车上兴起。
Kathryn Hughes explores the life and times of these itinerant offal vendors, their intersection with a victim of Jack the Ripper, and a feast held in the meat men’s honor, chaired by none other than Louis Wain.
凯瑟琳·休斯探索了这些流动内脏小贩的生活和时代，他们与开膛手杰克的受害者的交集，以及为肉类人举办的盛宴，由路易斯·韦恩主持。
Photograph by Francis James Mortimer of an itinerant vendor of meat for cats and dogs, ca.
弗朗西斯·詹姆斯·莫蒂默 (Francis James Mortimer) 摄，拍摄的是一家流动的猫狗肉摊贩，摄于约 1997 年。
1900 — Source .
1900 — 来源。
On January 10, 1901, twelve days before Queen Victoria did the unthinkable and died, 250 cat’s meat men sat down to a slap-up dinner at a restaurant in Holborn, on the edge of central London.
1901 年 1 月 10 日，也就是维多利亚女王做出不可思议的事并去世前 12 天，250 名吃猫肉的人在伦敦市中心边缘霍尔本的一家餐厅坐下来享用一顿丰盛的晚餐。
A cat’s meat man was an itinerant vendor who pushed a cart of cheap offal and horsemeat around residential streets while calling out something that sounded like “ CA-DOE-MEE!
卖猫肉的人是一位流动小贩，他推着一车廉价的内脏和马肉在住宅区街道上转来转去，同时喊出一些听起来像“CA-DOE-MEE！”的声音。
” Sometimes he stopped at a house and delivered a pre-ordered package of meat, often threaded onto a long skewer.
有时他会在一所房子前停下来，送来预先订购的肉包，这些肉通常串在一根长串上。
At the same time, his shout was the signal for householders and domestics to come out onto the pavement and buy their pets’ food straight from the barrow.
与此同时，他的喊声也是向住户和家仆发出的信号，要求他们走上人行道，直接从手推车上购买宠物的食物。
For all that cats were supposed to cater for themselves by catching kitchen pests, urban owners increasingly found the money from the household budget to supplement their board.
尽管猫应该通过捕捉厨房害虫来养活自己，但城市主人越来越多地从家庭预算中找到钱来补充他们的膳食。
Within minutes of the cat’s meat man embarking on his circuit, the barrow would be surrounded by felines, some of whom had perfectly good homes to go to and others who did not but still hoped that a sliver of flesh might fall their way.
在猫肉人开始巡游的几分钟内，手推车就会被猫科动物包围，其中一些有完美的家可以去，而另一些则没有，但仍然希望能有一小片肉落到他们的路上。
Although there were plenty of grim jokes circulating about how cat’s meat men supplied the toughest meat they could get away with, the fact was that many of these rough diamonds were known for their tender hearts.
尽管有很多冷酷的笑话流传着，说吃猫肉的人如何提供他们能吃到的最坚硬的肉，但事实是，许多未经加工的钻石都以其温柔的心而闻名。
It was not unusual to spot a cat’s meat man slipping scraps to the hopeful strays that wound around his ankles.
看到一个吃猫的人把残渣塞给缠绕在他脚踝上的充满希望的流浪者的情况并不罕见。
He was their guardian, their special friend.
他是他们的监护人，他们特别的朋友。
Sometimes he could even bring about fairy-tale transformations: no less a lady than the Duchess of Bedford had recently adopted a stray that had been rescued by her local London cat’s meat man.
有时他甚至可以带来童话般的转变：一位像贝德福德公爵夫人那样的女士最近收养了一只被她当地的伦敦猫肉人救出的流浪狗。
During the middle years of Victoria’s reign, the cat’s meat man, in his livery of blue apron, shiny black hat, and corduroy trousers, had become a gift to investigative journalists of an anthropological turn.
在维多利亚统治的中期，穿着蓝色围裙、戴着闪亮的黑帽子和灯芯绒裤子的猫肉人已成为人类学转向调查记者的礼物。
In his London Labour and the London Poor (1851), Henry Mayhew plunges deep into their visible yet still mysterious world.
亨利·梅休在他的《伦敦工党和伦敦穷人》（1851）中深入探讨了他们可见但仍然神秘的世界。
According to Mayhew, there were a thousand such traders in London, serving about 300,000 cats, one for every house (allowing for multiple cats in some homes, plus strays).
根据 Mayhew 的说法，伦敦有 1000 名这样的交易员，为大约 300,000 只猫提供服务，每户一只（考虑到一些家庭中有多只猫，还有流浪猫）。
This sounds lucrative, but when Mayhew pumps his informants for details, he finds a story of dogged hard work.
这听起来很有利可图，但当梅休向线人询问细节时，他发现了一个关于顽强努力工作的故事。
One carrier told him that he seldom went less than thirty, and frequently forty miles, through the streets every day.
一位承运人告诉他，他每天穿过街道的时间很少少于三十英里，经常是四十英里。
Picture postcard of cat’s meat man in Bermondsey, London, ca.
伦敦柏蒙西的猫肉人明信片。
1918 — Source .
1918 — 来源。
Detail from a photograph by John Galt of a cat’s meat man in London’s East End, ca.
约翰·高尔特 (John Galt) 在伦敦东区拍摄的一张吃猫肉的人的照片细节。
1900–1907 — Source .
1900–1907 — 来源。
The best districts were among the houses of tradesmen, mechanics, and labourers.
最好的地区是商人、机械师和工人的住宅区。
The coachmen in the mews at the back of the squares were particularly good customers.
广场后面的马车夫是特别好的顾客。
“‘The work lays thicker there’, said my informant.
“‘那里的工作量更大’，我的线人说。
‘Old maids are bad, though very plentiful, customers.
“虽然顾客很多，但老处女的态度很不好。
They cheapen the carriers down so, that they can scarcely live at the business.
他们压低运营商的价格，以至于他们几乎无法在这家公司生存。
They will pay one halfpenny and owe another, and forget that after a day or two.’” Cat ladies, as ever, were to blame for imperilling capitalism and the men who served it.
他们会付半便士，然后又欠另一便士，一两天后就忘记了。”一如既往，猫女们要为危及资本主义和为资本主义服务的男人负责。
Over the next two decades, as magazines increasingly included articles about cat’s meat men, further details emerged.
在接下来的二十年里，随着杂志越来越多地刊登有关猫肉人的文章，更多的细节浮出水面。
While mostly respectable, they were well down the pecking order.
虽然他们大多受人尊敬，但地位却远远低于他们。
Some were “born into the trade” but others went into it at the scrag end of their working lives.
有些人“生来就从事这个行业”，但另一些人则是在职业生涯的最后阶段才进入这个行业。
Two common scenarios were butchers who had failed in business and lost their shop, or carriage painters whose health had been broken by the noxious paints they had been inhaling for decades.
两种常见的情况是屠夫生意失败并失去了店铺，或者马车油漆工因几十年来吸入的有毒油漆而健康受损。
By the end of the century, it was not unusual to see women, often widows, in charge of a round.
到本世纪末，女性（通常是寡妇）负责一轮比赛并不罕见。
Some used old prams from which to sell their wares.
有些人用旧婴儿车来出售他们的商品。
Those cat’s meat men who could keep away from the pub had a decent chance of building up a nice little surplus that allowed them to lead stable lives.
那些能够远离酒吧的猫肉人有很大的机会积累一点可观的盈余，让他们过上稳定的生活。
Some were even Sunday School teachers.
有些甚至是主日学校的老师。
There was a strict code about who “owned a walk”, and woe betide anyone who tried to muscle in.
对于谁“拥有散步道”有严格的规定，任何试图强行介入的人都会遭遇不幸。
Very profitable rounds might be sold for a premium by means of a small ad in the local paper.
非常有利可图的回合可能会通过在当地报纸上刊登小广告以溢价出售。
Occupational hazards included being ambushed by hungry stray dogs or, on those occasions when a barrow accidentally overturned, watching helplessly as your stock was gulped down by your feline clientele who clearly had no intention of paying.
职业危险包括被饥饿的流浪狗伏击，或者在手推车不小心翻倒的情况下，无助地看着你的库存被显然无意付款的猫科客户吞掉。
“Scenes from London Life — A Cats’ Meat Man”, illustration from the November 1880 issue of Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly — Source .
“伦敦生活场景 — 猫食肉人”，插图取自弗兰克·莱斯利 (Frank Leslie) 的《大众月刊》 1880 年 11 月号 — 来源。
“The Cats Meat-Man Attacked by Dogs”, illustration from the August 26, 1876, issue of The Illustrated Police News — Source .
“猫肉人被狗攻击”，插图来自 1876 年 8 月 26 日的《警察新闻画报》 — 来源。
This nightmare scenario, in which domestic cats morphed into a pride of ravenous lions, touched on a whole line of macabre associations with the cat’s meat trade which never completely went away.
在这个噩梦般的场景中，家猫变成了一群饥饿的狮子，触及了与猫肉贸易的一系列可怕的联系，这种联系从未完全消失。
The first and most crucial was this: were cat’s meat men selling meat made of cats or meat made for cats?
第一个也是最关键的一点是：猫肉店里卖的肉是猫做的还是为猫做的？
The confusion was enough to keep Victorian children awake at night, fretting that stray cats and even much-loved pets might find their way onto the family dinner table, disguised as a Lancashire hotpot.
这种混乱足以让维多利亚时代的孩子们彻夜难眠，他们担心流浪猫甚至深受喜爱的宠物可能会伪装成兰开夏火锅出现在家庭餐桌上。
Sensible parents and nursery maids soothed away these fears as best they could, but at the back of their minds they were pondering recent newspaper stories in which cats did indeed end up as human food.
明智的父母和保姆尽可能地消除了这些恐惧，但在他们的内心深处，他们却在思考最近报纸上的报道，其中猫确实最终成为了人类的食物。
The most notorious occasion had been in 1871, the very year in which Britain’s most pampered pusses were fluffing up their whiskers at the first Crystal Palace show.
最臭名昭著的一次是在 1871 年，这一年，英国最受宠爱的女人在第一届水晶宫秀上蓬松了胡须。
Just across the Channel, food supplies were running dangerously low, thanks to the German army’s siege of Paris in the desperate final months of the Franco-Prussian War.
由于德军在普法战争最后几个月对巴黎的围攻，英吉利海峡对岸的粮食供应已经严重短缺。
In need of new protein sources, beleaguered Parisian chefs started putting cat, dog, and rat regularly on the menu.
由于需要新的蛋白质来源，陷入困境的巴黎厨师开始定期将猫、狗和老鼠列入菜单。
On the night before the city finally capitulated, Mr Washbourne of the US embassy attended a smart restaurant and reported that the second course was a perfectly decent “ragout of cat”.
在这座城市最终投降的前一天晚上，美国大使馆的沃什伯恩先生去了一家时髦的餐厅，并报告说第二道菜是一道非常不错的“猫炖肉”。
For right-minded Britons this was horrific although somehow expected.
对于思想正直的英国人来说，这虽然在意料之中，但却是可怕的。
It was exactly the sort of practice that the French, with their filthy taste for horse and frog, might go in for.
这正是对马和青蛙有着肮脏品味的法国人可能会采取的做法。
The only thing to do was to try and make it up to any cat that was lucky enough to have escaped to British soil.
唯一能做的就是尝试补偿那些幸运地逃到英国领土上的猫。
Just two years later, in 1873, the papers were full of a tabby that had recently been entered at Birmingham’s highly popular cat show.
仅仅两年后，即 1873 年，报纸上充斥着一只最近参加伯明翰备受欢迎的猫展的虎斑猫。
The hopeful contestant had a tearjerking backstory, which its owners may have hoped would win it the sympathy vote: the tabby’s mother had been eaten during the Siege of Paris.
这只充满希望的参赛者有一个催人泪下的背景故事，它的主人可能希望它能赢得同情票：这只虎斑猫的母亲在巴黎围城期间被吃掉了。
Unfortunately, this was not enough to melt the flinty hearts of the judges and the orphan failed to win any prizes.
不幸的是，这并不足以融化评委们的铁石心肠，孤儿最终未能获得任何奖项。
“The Cat’s Meat Man of London”, cover illustration by Oswald Levens from an 1899 issue of Le Petit Voyageur Illustré — Source .
“伦敦的猫肉人”，奥斯瓦尔德·利文斯 (Oswald Levens) 绘制的封面插图，来自 1899 年的《Le Petit Voyageur Illustré》 — 来源。
“The Cat’s-Meat Man”, illustration from London Town (1883) by Thomas Crane and Ellen Houghton, with verses by Felix Leigh — Source .
“猫肉人”，托马斯·克兰和艾伦·霍顿创作的《伦敦镇》插图（1883 年），配诗由菲利克斯·利 — 来源。
Cat’s meat man, after a design by Horace William Petherick, from Laura Valentine’s London Characters (1875) — Source .
猫肉人，由霍勒斯·威廉·佩瑟里克 (Horace William Petherick) 设计，出自劳拉·瓦伦丁 (Laura Valentine) 的《伦敦人物》(1875) — 来源。
“The Cat’s Meat Man”, engraving featured in an 1868 issue of Chatterbox — Source .
“猫的肉人”，雕刻在 1868 年的 Chatterbox 杂志上 - 来源。
“Cat’s & Dog’s Meat!”, copperplate engraving of a woman selling meat for cats and dogs outside of Bethlem Hospital, London, from Richard Phillips’ Modern London (1804) — Source .
“猫和狗的肉！”，铜版雕刻的一位妇女在伦敦贝斯莱姆医院外卖猫狗肉，出自理查德·菲利普斯的《现代伦敦》（1804 年）——来源。
Photogravure by Donald Macleish from St John Adcock’s Wonderful London (1927) — Source .
唐纳德·麦克利什 (Donald Macleish) 拍摄的凹版照片，出自圣约翰·阿德科克 (St John Adcock) 的《美妙伦敦》 (1927) — 来源。
It was, though, in Whitechapel — an area of London that so often stood in for the whole of the East End — where a gruesome reminder emerged about the fragile threshold between cat’s meat and human flesh.
然而，在白教堂——伦敦的一个地区，经常代表整个东区——那里出现了一个可怕的提醒，提醒人们猫肉和人肉之间的脆弱界限。
On September 8, 1888, Annie Chapman, a middle-aged alcoholic who subsisted on crochet work, flower-selling, and casual prostitution, was found murdered and disembowelled on the back-door steps of a terraced house in Hanbury Street.
1888 年 9 月 8 日，安妮·查普曼 (Annie Chapman)，一名中年酒鬼，靠钩针编织、卖花和临时卖淫为生，被发现在汉伯里街一栋排屋的后门台阶上被谋杀并被剖腹。
The front room of the ground floor of number 29 doubled as a cat’s meat shop.
29号底层的前室兼作猫肉店。
From these premises, fifty-one-year-old Harriet Hardiman sold horse flesh intended for those lucky pets whose owners could afford to buy it for them.
五十一岁的哈里特·哈迪曼 (Harriet Hardiman) 在这些场所出售马肉，这些马肉是为那些主人有能力购买的幸运宠物准备的。
Hardiman came from a family of cat’s meat men and she was busy bringing up her sixteen-year-old son to the trade.
哈迪曼来自一个吃猫肉的家庭，她正忙着抚养她十六岁的儿子从事这一行业。
Every morning, young James Hardiman, who shared a room with his mother, loaded up a cart and set off on his round.
每天早上，年轻的詹姆斯·哈迪曼（James Hardiman）和他的母亲同住一个房间，装上一辆手推车就出发去巡视。
Annie Chapman is generally agreed to be the second of Jack the Ripper’s victims: her mutilation bore all the signs of his murderous work.
人们普遍认为安妮·查普曼是开膛手杰克的第二个受害者：她的残害带有他杀人行为的所有迹象。
At the inquest, it was revealed that she had been completely disembowelled, with a section of the flesh from her stomach being placed upon her left shoulder and another section of skin and flesh, plus her small intestines, being removed and placed above her right.
调查显示，她的内脏已被完全剖开，胃部的一部分肉被放置在她的左肩上，另一部分皮肤和肉以及小肠被移除并放置在她的右侧上方。
The doctor giving evidence said that, while the injuries could have been done by the sort of knife a medical man used for postmortems, they were just as likely to be the result of one used by an animal slaughterman.
提供证据的医生表示，虽然伤口可能是由医生用于尸检的那种刀造成的，但它们也很可能是由动物屠宰者使用的刀造成的。
This juxtaposition of Annie Chapman’s exposed viscera and a cat’s meat shop was enough to keep Victorian grown-ups, never mind the children, awake at night.
安妮·查普曼裸露的内脏和猫肉店的并置足以让维多利亚时代的成年人（更不用说孩子们了）彻夜难眠。
Seventeen years after Mayhew’s prospecting operation of 1851, his friend Charles Dickens fleshed out the supply chain by which the cat’s meat men generally acquired their stock.
梅休 1851 年进行勘探活动 17 年后，他的朋友查尔斯·狄更斯充实了供应链，猫肉商人通常通过该供应链获取库存。
In his weekly magazine All the Year Round , Dickens ran an account of a visit to a central London abattoir to watch the midnight ritual of horse slaughter.
狄更斯在他的周刊《全年》中报道了他参观伦敦市中心一家屠宰场并观看午夜屠马仪式的经历。
The article is anonymous, but there’s a good chance that the novelist himself wrote it: as a little boy he had been fascinated by the mythic shimmer of the cat’s meat man.
这篇文章是匿名的，但很有可能是小说家本人写的：小时候，他就对猫肉人的神秘光芒着迷。
On the night of the All the Year Round visit there were three dozen elderly or ailing nags waiting to be stunned, killed, stripped, rendered, and boiled.
在全年访问的那天晚上，有三打老马或生病的马等待着被打晕、杀死、剥光、渲染和煮沸。
Legally this work should not have been done in the small hours, but as the cheery abattoir owner Mr Potler tells Dickens (or his stand-in): “the London tabbies are so dainty that they don’t like horse that’s been killed too long over-night”.
从法律上讲，这项工作不应该在凌晨完成，但正如兴高采烈的屠宰场老板波特勒先生告诉狄更斯（或他的替身）的那样：“伦敦虎斑猫是如此娇嫩，以至于它们不喜欢在夜间被宰杀太久的马”。
After the flesh has been cut up into manageable chunks, it is piled into a light trap and at 6 a.m.
将肉切成易于管理的块后，将其堆放在光陷阱中，并于早上 6 点进行。
Mr Potler sets off to deliver meat to the forty or so vendors who have put in their orders for “undred and a arf ” or “arf a undred .
波特勒先生开始向四十个左右的供应商运送肉类，这些供应商已经下了“undred and a rf”或“arf a undred”的订单。
.
。
.
。
and three penn’orth”.
和三便士”。
The cat’s meat men then spend an hour or so threading the chunks onto wooden skewers, to make up anything from a ha’penny snack to a three-penny feast.
然后，卖猫肉的人会花一个小时左右的时间将猫肉串在木串上，制成从半便士小吃到三便士大餐的各种食物。
At 8 a.m., hand carts loaded, they rumble off on their rounds.
早上八点，手推车装满货物，他们隆隆作响地巡视。
The dinner on 10 January 1901 in London was arranged in a spirit of cooperation, as a gesture of thanks to these rough Franciscans.
1901 年 1 月 10 日在伦敦举行的晚宴是本着合作的精神安排的，以表达对这些粗鲁的方济会修士的谢意。
An advertisement placed in the upmarket Morning Post explained that “anyone wishing to recommend a particular cat’s meat man will receive a ticket on forwarding the name and address with a donation of 2 shillings to the advertising secretary”.
高档《晨报》上刊登的一则广告解释说，“任何想要推荐某位猫肉男的人，只需向广告秘书捐赠 2 先令，转发姓名和地址即可收到一张罚单”。
The official sponsor was Our Cats , the new weekly magazine dedicated to felines, and no less a person than Louis Wain — the commercial illustrator who, according to H.
官方赞助商是《我们的猫》（Our Cats），这是一本专门针对猫科动物的新周刊，赞助商不亚于路易斯·韦恩（Louis Wain）——根据 H.
G.
G。
Wells, “invented a cat style, a cat society, a whole cat world” — had agreed to give the address in his role as president of the committee of the National Cat Club (NCC).
威尔斯“发明了猫的风格、猫的社会、整个猫的世界”——他同意以国家猫俱乐部（NCC）委员会主席的身份发表讲话。
Cat gouache in “gothic” style by Louis Wain, ca.
路易斯·韦恩（Louis Wain）的“哥特式”风格猫水粉画，约。
1925–1939 — Source .
1925–1939——来源。
Cat gouache in “early Greek” style by Louis Wain, ca.
路易斯·韦恩（Louis Wain）创作的“早期希腊”风格的猫水粉画，约。
1925–1939 — Source .
1925–1939——来源。
Ticket for the Cat’s Meat Men’s Supper, held in Holborn, London, on January 10, 1901 — Source .
1901 年 1 月 10 日在伦敦霍尔本举行的猫肉男士晚餐门票 — 资料来源。
Photograph of cat’s meat men attending their supper, 1901.
猫肉男人参加晚餐的照片，1901 年。
Louis Wain stands at centre back next to Frances A.
路易斯·韦恩 (Louis Wain) 站在中后卫位置，旁边是弗朗西斯·A (Frances A)。
Simpson, a notable fancier and cat historian — Source .
辛普森，一位著名的鸽友和猫历史学家——来源。
The event turned out to be wildly oversubscribed, with 400 benevolent members of the public competing for 250 tickets, each of which would buy a seat at the table for their local cat's meat man?
这场活动的报名人数非常惊人，400 名善良的公众竞相争夺 250 张门票，每人都会为当地的猫肉人买一张桌子的座位？
The atmosphere on the night, according to the man from The Morning Post , was boisterous.
据《晨报》的这名男子透露，当晚的气氛非常热闹。
Two hundred and fifty cat’s meat men, in their best bib and tucker, sat down at long tables and greeted “the appearance of the soup, the roast beef, and the boiled legs of mutton with prolonged cries of ‘Mee-att!’ in the familiar notes of the street”.
两百五十名吃猫肉的人，穿着最好的围兜和塔克，坐在长桌旁，迎接“汤、烤牛肉和煮羊腿的出现，伴随着街上熟悉的音符，长时间地喊着‘Mee-att!’”。
At one point during the dinner, the Duchess of Bedford rendered invaluable assistance by passing round the sprouts.
在晚宴期间，贝德福德公爵夫人有一次传递了豆芽，提供了宝贵的帮助。
Her Grace also made a brief speech in which she urged the men to report and rescue any cats that they suspected were being ill-treated behind closed doors.
女王陛下还发表了简短的讲话，敦促这些人举报并营救任何他们怀疑在幕后受到虐待的猫。
Entertainment was provided by the classical musician Natalia Janotha, who turned up with both her cat and her fiddle.
古典音乐家纳塔利娅·贾诺莎 (Natalia Janotha) 带来了娱乐节目，她带着她的猫和小提琴出现。
After dinner Louis Wain rapped on the table with a soda bottle and said a few words.
晚饭后，路易斯·韦恩用汽水瓶敲击桌子，说了几句话。
This gathering was “not a charity, but the guests were invited as cat lovers, and met as ‘pals’”.
这次聚会“不是慈善活动，而是以爱猫人士的身份邀请来宾，并以‘朋友’的身份相识”。
He particularly thanked them for the way they habitually sneaked titbits to starving strays.
他特别感谢他们习惯性地偷偷给饥饿的流浪动物喂食。
To emphasise just how socially elevated the whole business of being nice to cats had become, a letter from the Princess of Wales was read aloud expressing her disappointment at being unable to attend.
为了强调善待猫的整个社会地位已经变得多么高，人们大声朗读了威尔士王妃的一封信，表达了她对无法出席的失望之情。
To be fair, Princess Alexandra probably had more pressing matters on her mind.
公平地说，亚历山德拉公主可能有更紧迫的事情要处理。
Within a fortnight she would become Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India.
两周之内，她将成为英国和英国自治领的女王以及印度皇后。
Of all the domesticated species, cats have enjoyed the most complex relationship with people—one that still leads to arguments about whether you can truly call the cat asleep by your fire “tame.” The Cat is a comprehensive, richly illustrated exploration of the natural and cultural history of this much-loved pet.
在所有的驯养物种中，猫与人类的关系最为复杂——这种关系仍然会引发争论，即你是否真的可以称睡在火边的猫“驯服”。 《猫》对这种深受喜爱的宠物的自然和文化历史进行了全面、插图丰富的探索。
Filled with surprising facts, The Cat will enchant anyone with an interest in, or a love for, these animals.
《猫》充满了令人惊讶的事实，会让任何对这些动物感兴趣或热爱的人着迷。
The nineteenth century was a rough time to be a stray cat in New York City.
十九世纪对于纽约市的流浪猫来说是一段艰难的时期。
The city’s human residents dealt with feline overpopulation by gassing unwanted cats or tossing them in rivers.
这座城市的人类居民通过毒气毒死不需要的猫或将它们扔进河里来解决猫科动物数量过多的问题。
But a few lucky strays were found by a diverse array of men — including firemen, cops, athletes, and politicians — who rescued them from the streets and welcomed them into their homes and hearts.
但一些幸运的流浪动物被各种各样的人——包括消防员、警察、运动员和政治家——发现，他们把它们从街上救了出来，并欢迎它们进入自己的家和心中。
This book tells the stories of these heroic cat men of Gotham and their beloved feline companions.
这本书讲述了哥谭这些英雄猫人以及他们心爱的猫科动物伙伴的故事。
In 1900, Britain and America were in the grip of a cat craze.
1900年，英国和美国掀起了一股养猫热潮。
An animal that had for centuries been seen as a household servant or urban nuisance had now become an object of pride and deep affection.
几个世纪以来，这种动物一直被视为家庭仆人或城市滋扰，现在却成为人们自豪和深爱的对象。
In Catland , Kathryn Hughes chronicles the cat craze of the early twentieth century through the life and career of Louis Wain.
在《卡特兰》中，凯瑟琳·休斯通过路易斯·韦恩的生活和职业生涯记录了二十世纪初的猫热潮。
Beautifully illustrated and based on new archival findings about Wain's life, the wider cat fancy, and the media frenzy it created, Catland chronicles the fascinating history of how the modern cat emerged.
《卡特兰》以精美的插图为基础，基于有关韦恩生活的新档案发现、更广泛的猫科动物幻想以及由此引发的媒体狂热，记录了现代猫的诞生的迷人历史。
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感谢您支持该项目！
For more recommended books, see all our “ Further Reading ” books, and browse our dedicated Bookshop.org stores for US and UK readers.
如需更多推荐书籍，请参阅我们所有的“延伸阅读”书籍，并浏览我们为美国和英国读者专门提供的 Bookshop.org 商店。
Kathryn Hughes is emerita professor of life writing at the University of East Anglia and a literary critic for The Guardian.
凯瑟琳·休斯 (Kathryn Hughes) 是东安格利亚大学生活写作名誉教授，也是《卫报》的文学评论家。
She is the author of Catland: Louis Wain and the Great Cat Mania , Victorians Undone: Tales of the Flesh in the Age of Decorum , and George Eliot: The Last Victorian .
她是《卡特兰：路易斯·韦恩和伟大的猫狂热》、《维多利亚时代的未完成：礼仪时代的肉体故事》和《乔治·艾略特：最后的维多利亚时代》的作者。
Excerpted and adapted from Catland: Louis Wain and the Great Cat Mania © 2024 Kathryn Hughes.
摘录并改编自《猫国：路易斯·韦恩和伟大的猫狂热》© 2024 Kathryn Hughes。
Reprinted with permission of Johns Hopkins University Press.
经约翰霍普金斯大学出版社许可转载。
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