The Strange Case of Anna Stubblefield

Anna didn’t want to keep her feelings secret.

安娜不想将自己的感受保密。

As far as she knew, neither did D.J.

据她所知，D.J.

In recent weeks, their relationship had changed, and it wasn’t clear when or how to share the news.

最近几周，他们的关系发生了变化，目前尚不清楚何时或如何分享这个消息。

‘‘It’s your call,’’ she said to him in the lead-up to a meeting with his mother and older brother.

“这是你的决定，”在与他的母亲和哥哥会面之前，她对他说。

‘‘It’s your family.

” “这是你的家人。

It’s up to you.’’

这取决于你。”

When she arrived at the house on Memorial Day in 2011, Anna didn’t know what D.J.

2011 年阵亡将士纪念日那天，安娜来到家里时，并不知道 D.J. 做了什么。

planned to do.

计划做的。

His brother, Wesley, was working in the garden, so she went straight inside to speak with D.J.

他的兄弟韦斯利 (Wesley) 正在花园里干活，所以她直接进去与 D.J. 交谈。

and his mother, P.

和他的母亲，P.

They chatted for a while at the dining table about D.J.’s plans for school and for getting his own apartment.

他们在餐桌上聊了一会儿 D.J. 的上学计划和拥有自己的公寓的计划。

Then there was a lull in the conversation after Wesley came back in, and Anna took hold of D.J.’s hand.

韦斯利回来后，谈话暂时平静下来，安娜握住了 D.J. 的手。

‘‘We have something to tell you,’’ they announced at last.

“我们有件事要告诉你，”他们最后宣布。

‘‘We’re in love.’’

“我们相爱了。”

‘‘What do you mean, in love ?’’ P.

“恋爱是什么意思？”P.

asked, the color draining from her face.

“怎么了？”问道，她的脸色渐渐失色。

To Wesley, she looked pale and weak, like ‘‘Caesar when he found out that Brutus betrayed him.’’ He felt sick to his stomach.

在韦斯利看来，她看上去苍白而虚弱，就像“凯撒发现布鲁图背叛了他。”他感到胃部不适。

What made them so uncomfortable was not that Anna was 41 and D.J.

让他们如此不舒服的并不是安娜已经 41 岁了，而 D.J.

was 30, or that Anna is white and D.J.

30 岁，或者安娜是白人，D.J.

is black, or even that Anna was married with two children while D.J.

是黑人，甚至安娜已婚并有两个孩子，而 D.J.

had never dated anyone.

从未与任何人约会过。

What made them so upset — what led to all the arguing that followed, and the criminal trial and million-­dollar civil suit — was the fact that Anna can speak and D.J.

让他们如此不安的原因——导致随后发生的所有争吵，以及刑事审判和价值数百万美元的民事诉讼——是因为安娜可以说话，而 D.J.

can’t; that she was a tenured professor of ethics at Rutgers University in Newark and D.J.

不能;她是纽瓦克罗格斯大学的终身伦理学教授，D.J.

has been declared by the state to have the mental capacity of a toddler.

已被国家宣布具有幼儿的智力。

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Anna does not agree with this assessment.

安娜并不同意这种评价。

She does not deny (as no one could) that D.J.

她并不否认（没人能否认）D.J.

is impaired: His cerebral palsy leaves him prone to muscle spasms in his face, his neck, his torso and his arms and hands.

受损：脑瘫使他的面部、颈部、躯干、手臂和手容易出现肌肉痉挛。

She acknowledges that it’s hard for him to stay in one position, that muscle contractions sometimes twist his spine and clench his fingers in a useless ball.

她承认他很难保持一个姿势，肌肉收缩有时会扭曲他的脊柱，让他的手指握成一个无用的球。

It’s clear to her, as it is to everyone, that he has trouble making eye contact and keeping objects fixed in view.

她和每个人都清楚地知道，他很难进行眼神交流，也无法将物体固定在视野中。

She knows that he wears diapers and cannot dress himself; that he can walk only if someone steadies him; and that otherwise he gets around by scooting on the floor.

她知道他穿着尿布，不能自己穿衣服；只有有人扶住他，他才能行走；否则他就会在地板上溜达。

She knows that D.J.

她知道 D.J.

screams when he’s unhappy and chirps when he’s excited, but that he can’t control his vocal cords.

当他不高兴时会尖叫，当他兴奋时会叽叽喳喳，但他无法控制自己的声带。

Anna understands that even now, at 35, D.J.

安娜明白，即使是现在，35 岁的 D.J.

has never said a word.

从来没有说过一句话。

But she takes issue with the other half of D.J.’s diagnosis: that he’s not just spastic but has a very low I.Q.

但她对 D.J. 诊断的另一半提出了质疑：他不仅痉挛，而且智商很低。

In 2004, five years before Anna met him, a clinical psychologist named Wayne Tillman, who consults for New Jersey’s Bureau of Guardianship Services, assessed D.J.

2004 年，也就是安娜遇见他的五年前，一位名叫韦恩·蒂尔曼 (Wayne Tillman) 的临床心理学家（为新泽西州监护服务局提供咨询）对 D.J. 进行了评估。

and found that his impairments precluded any formal testing of intelligence, but that certain facts could be inferred: ‘‘His comprehension seemed to be quite limited,’’ ‘‘his attention span was very short’’ and he ‘‘lacks the cognitive capacity to understand and participate in decisions.’’ D.J.

并发现他的缺陷无法对智力进行任何正式测试，但可以推断出某些事实：“他的理解力似乎相当有限”，“他的注意力持续时间非常短”，并且他“缺乏理解和参与决策的认知能力”。

could not even carry out basic, preschool-­level tasks.

甚至无法执行基本的学前级任务。

A few months later, a court made P.

几个月后，法院判决 P.

and Wesley his legal guardians.

和韦斯利是他的法定监护人。

From the time she met D.J., Anna thought Tillman had it wrong.

从认识 D.J. 起，安娜就认为蒂尔曼搞错了。

D.J.

DJ

might be unable to speak or hold a pencil, but those are motor skills, not mental ones, and their absence didn’t mean his mind was blank.

他可能无法说话或握笔，但这些是运动技能，而不是精神技能，这些技能的缺席并不意味着他的大脑一片空白。

What if D.J.

如果 D.J.

had a private chamber in his head, a place where grown-up thoughts were trapped behind his palsy?

他的脑子里有一个私人房间，一个在他瘫痪的背后困住成人思想的地方？

Then, of course, he would fail the standard tests of his I.Q.

然后，当然，他将无法通过他的智商标准测试。

— tests made for people who can answer questions verbally or read and write.

— 针对能够口头回答问题或阅读和写作的人进行的测试。

What D.J.

什么 D.J.

needed was another way to share his deep intelligence.

需要的是另一种方式来分享他的深厚智慧。

At the request of D.J.’s family, Anna began to work with him, using a controversial method known as ‘‘facilitated communication.’’ Starting with her hand beneath his elbow, she helped him point at pictures, and then at letters, and eventually at the buttons of a Neo, a hand-held keyboard with a built-in screen.

应 D.J. 家人的要求，安娜开始与他一起工作，使用了一种有争议的方法，称为“促进沟通”。首先，她将手放在他的肘部下方，帮助他指着图片，然后指着字母，最后指着 Neo（一种带有内置屏幕的手持式键盘）的按钮。

With his hand in hers, she helped him type out words after 30 years of silence.

她握着他的手，帮他打出沉默了三十年的文字。

Wesley and his mother had been thrilled with D.J.’s progress, but now, suddenly, they recoiled.

韦斯利和他的母亲对 D.J. 的进步感到非常兴奋，但现在，他们突然退缩了。

(Neither D.J.’s family nor Anna agreed to be interviewed for this article; all their quotes and recollections are drawn from court records and testimony.

（D.J. 的家人和安娜都没有同意接受本文的采访；他们的所有引述和回忆均来自法庭记录和证词。

P.

P。

and Wesley are referred to by a middle initial and a middle name to shield D.J.’s identity, which has not been publicly revealed.) When Wesley told Anna he thought she had taken advantage of his brother, she could not muster a response.

和韦斯利都用中间名首字母和中间名来保护 D.J. 的身份，该身份尚未公开。）当韦斯利告诉安娜他认为她利用了他的兄弟时，她无法做出回应。

At last, with her help, D.J.

最后，在她的帮助下，D.J.

began typing: ‘‘No one’s been taken advantage of.

开始输入：“没有人被利用。”

I’ve been trying to seduce Anna for years, and she resisted valiantly.’’ Then he typed another message, meant for Anna: ‘‘Kiss me.’’ Wesley walked out.

多年来我一直试图引诱安娜，但她勇敢地抵抗了。”然后他又输入了另一条给安娜的信息：“吻我。”韦斯利走了出去。

Later, after he told Anna that she wasn’t to see his brother anymore, she tried to plead her case by phone: ‘‘I will put in writing, prick my finger and sign with blood — whatever makes you reassured that this is for real,’’ she promised in a voice mail message.

后来，当他告诉安娜她再也见不到他的兄弟后，她试图通过电话为自己辩护：“我会写下来，刺破我的手指，用血签名——无论什么能让你放心，这是真的，”她在语音邮件中承诺。

‘‘I will leave my husband, and I will make a permanent life and home with [D.J.].’’

“我将离开我的丈夫，并与 [D.J.] 一起过上永久的生活和家庭。”

But the family had had enough.

但一家人已经受够了。

What at first struck them as a miracle — a voice for D.J., his inner self revealed — now seemed a fraud.

起初让他们觉得是一个奇迹——DJ 的声音，他内心的自我暴露——现在看来是一个骗局。

D.J.

DJ

could not have given his consent to any love affair, they later told the authorities, because he suffers from profound mental disabilities, just as the psychologists had always told them.

他们后来告诉当局，他不可能同意任何恋爱关系，因为正如心理学家一直告诉他们的那样，他患有严重的精神障碍。

His ‘‘messages’’ must have been a sham.

他的“信息”肯定是假的。

If Anna pretended otherwise, it was only so she could use D.J.

如果安娜假装不这样做，那只是为了她可以使用 D.J.

as a guinea pig for research, or to further her career, or because, as Wesley would later say during the three-week trial for sexual assault that concluded this month in Newark, ‘‘she was having some sick, twisted fantasy.’’

作为研究的小白鼠，或者为了进一步发展她的职业生涯，或者正如韦斯利后来在本月于纽瓦克结束的为期三周的性侵犯审判中所说，“她有一些病态的、扭曲的幻想。”

Anna has never wavered in her claim that she and D.J.

安娜从未动摇过她和 D.J. 的说法。

fell in love and that his messages were his.

坠入爱河，他的信息就是他的。

Even after she was indicted, she seemed more concerned about his fate than her own.

即使在她被起诉后，她似乎更关心他的命运，而不是她自己的命运。

‘‘In the spring of 2011, [D.J.’s] access to his means of communication was taken from him,’’ she wrote in a chapter for a recent academic book , which was published while the justice system creaked its way toward trial, ‘‘and he is once again treated as severely intellectually impaired by those who have control over his life.

“2011 年春天，[D.J.] 的通讯方式被剥夺了，”她在最近出版的一本学术著作的一章中写道，“他再次被那些掌控他生活的人视为智力严重受损的人。”

This chapter is dedicated to him, in hope that he will one day regain his voice and his freedom.’’

本章谨献给他，希望他有一天能够重获自己的声音和自由。”

Marjorie Anna Stubblefield goes by her middle name, pronounced with an aristocratic a , as in the word ‘‘nirvana.’’ Her last name is her former husband’s.

玛乔丽·安娜·斯图布尔菲尔德 (Marjorie Anna Stubblefield) 的中间名是她的中间名，发音带有贵族气息的 a，如“涅槃”一词。她的姓氏是她前夫的姓氏。

Years ago, she was Margie McClennen, an honors student who grew up Jewish in the nearly all-white town of Plymouth, Mich.

多年前，她是玛吉·麦克莱宁 (Margie McClennen)，一名优秀学生，在几乎全是白人的密歇根州普利茅斯小镇长大，是犹太人。

‘‘I was raised to believe that I have the responsibility of tikkun olam , repairing the world,’’ Anna wrote in her 2005 book ‘‘Ethics Along the Color Line.’’ As a high-school student, she put that lesson into practice, writing articles for the school newspaper — one about a classmate who became pregnant, and another about a press-­freedom case involving Plymouth students.

“我从小就相信自己有责任修复世界，”安娜在 2005 年出版的《沿着肤色界限的道德》一书中写道。作为一名高中生，她将这一教训付诸实践，为校报撰写文章——一篇是关于一名同学怀孕的文章，另一篇是关于涉及普利茅斯学生的新闻自由案件的文章。

Each won a national award.

每人都获得了国家奖。

While a sophomore, Anna played the title role in a town production of ‘‘The Diary of Anne Frank.’’ ‘‘Marjorie just was Anne Frank,’’ says Elyse Mirto, a fellow cast member who is now an actor.

大二时，安娜在小镇制作的《安妮·弗兰克日记》中扮演了主角。“马乔里就是安妮·弗兰克，”现在是演员的剧组成员埃丽丝·米尔托 (Elyse Mirto) 说道。

‘‘You know that famous quote — ‘I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart’?

“你知道那句名言——‘尽管发生了一切，我仍然相信人们的内心是真正善良的’？”

That was Marjorie.’’

那是玛乔丽。”

Her parents were involved in local politics, environmentalism and women’s rights, but their most enduring cause was that of people with disabilities.

她的父母参与当地政治、环保和妇女权利，但他们最持久的事业是残疾人事业。

Each trained in special education for their Ph.D.s.

每个人都接受过特殊教育博士学位。

Her mother, Sandra McClennen, started working with blind, cognitively impaired children in 1963.

她的母亲桑德拉·麦克莱宁 (Sandra McClennen) 于 1963 年开始从事盲人、认知障碍儿童的工作。

For decades, she taught disabled people social skills, like shaking hands and talking appropriately with strangers, in the hope of helping them move out of state-run hospitals and into community housing.

几十年来，她一直教授残疾人社交技能，例如与陌生人握手和适当交谈，希望帮助他们走出公立医院并入住社区住房。

Anna shared this interest in disabilities: As a high-school student, she studied Braille and learned the alphabet in sign language.

安娜对残疾也有同样的兴趣：作为一名高中生，她学习盲文并学习手语字母表。

But as a junior academic, she would apply the mandate of tikkun olam to a different focus — the fight for racial justice.

但作为一名初级学者，她会将 tikkun olam 的使命应用于不同的焦点——争取种族正义。

Since getting her Ph.D. in 2000, she has become a prominent scholar in the field of Africana philosophy, has published widely on race and ethics and has served as the chairwoman of the American Philosophical Association’s Committee on the Status of Black Philosophers — the first and only white scholar ever to have done so.

自从获得博士学位以来。 2000年，她成为非洲哲学领域的杰出学者，在种族和伦理方面发表了大量著作，并担任美国哲学协会黑人哲学家地位委员会的主席——这是第一位也是唯一一位担任此职务的白人学者。

‘‘Our world is in shambles,’’ she wrote in ‘‘ Ethics Along the Color Line .’’ ‘‘White supremacy is central to this state of affairs, and we cannot repair the world without ending it.’’

“我们的世界一片混乱，”她在《沿着肤色界限的伦理》中写道。“白人至上是这种事态的核心，我们无法在不结束世界的情况下修复世界。”

Her own family is mixed-­race — she has two children with her ex-­husband, Roger Stubblefield, a black tuba player and classical composer.

她自己的家庭是混血家庭——她和前夫罗杰·斯塔布尔菲尔德 (Roger Stubblefield) 育有两个孩子，罗杰·斯塔布尔菲尔德是一位黑人大号演奏家和古典作曲家。

For 11 years, she served on the faculty at the Newark campus of Rutgers University, whose student body is among the nation’s most diverse.

她在罗格斯大学纽瓦克校区任教 11 年，该校的学生群体是全美最多元化的。

Yet for all her work on behalf of African-­Americans, she worried that she might be ambushed by the ‘‘habits of racism.’’ ‘‘Even in well-­intentioned quests to be antiracist,’’ she wrote, ‘‘white people all too often invade or destroy the space of nonwhite people.’’ The same essay lays out what could be a thesis statement for her whole career: It is crucial, she wrote, for white philosophers ‘‘to wrestle with the horrors and conundrums of whiteness.’’

然而，尽管她为非裔美国人所做的所有工作，她担心自己可能会受到“种族主义习惯”的伏击。“即使是出于善意的反种族主义追求，”她写道，“白人也经常入侵或破坏非白人的空间。”同一篇文章列出了她整个职业生涯的论文陈述：她写道，对于白人哲学家来说，“与恐怖作斗争是至关重要的”以及白度的难题。”

Those ‘‘horrors and conundrums,’’ as Anna saw them, formed the nexus of oppression she had sworn to fight in all its forms.

在安娜看来，这些“恐怖和难题”构成了她发誓要与各种形式的压迫作斗争的纽带。

As the years went by, her mission seemed to broaden and merge into her mother’s.

随着时间的流逝，她的使命似乎不断扩大并融入了她母亲的使命中。

By 2007, Anna had begun to argue that a person’s intellect — and the degree to which he or she is ‘‘disabled’’ — could be as much a social construct, as much a venue for tyranny , as race, gender or sexuality.

到 2007 年，安娜开始辩称，一个人的智力——以及他或她“残疾”的程度——可能与种族、性别或性取向一样，是一种社会建构，是暴政的场所。

It was, after all, white elites, she wrote , who first devised measures of I.Q.

她写道，毕竟是白人精英首先设计了智商衡量标准。

‘‘as both a rationalization and a tool of anti-black oppression.’’

“既是一种合理化，也是反黑人压迫的工具。”

With this shift in her scholarship, Anna began to wrestle not just with race but with disability; not just with racism but with ableism.

随着奖学金的转变，安娜开始不仅与种族作斗争，还与残疾作斗争。不仅是种族主义，还有体能歧视。

If poor, black Americans were the most vulnerable members of society, she wrote in 2009, then poor, black, disabled Americans — men like D.J., born with cerebral palsy, raised by a single mother, seemingly unable to communicate — were the most vulnerable of the vulnerable.

她在 2009 年写道，如果贫穷的美国黑人是社会中最脆弱的成员，那么贫穷的黑人残疾美国人——像 D.J. 这样的男性，出生时患有脑瘫，由单亲母亲抚养长大，似乎无法沟通——就是弱势群体中最脆弱的群体。

Voiceless in both fact and metaphor, she said , they were the ones ‘‘whom we push so far to the margins of our society that most of us, regardless of race, do not even notice when they fall off the edge.’’

她说，无论是事实还是隐喻，他们都是“我们将他们推向社会边缘的人，以至于我们大多数人，无论种族，甚至都没有注意到他们何时跌落边缘。”

By the time that warning made it into print, Anna had been working with D.J.

当该警告付诸实施时，安娜已在与 D.J. 合作。

for about a year.

大约一年。

This was her mitzvah and her tikkun olam.

这是她的成人礼和她的 tikkun olam。

She was helping to repair the world.

她正在帮助修复世界。

When D.J.’s brother finished his dissertation, he included a dedication to his family: ‘‘Mom, I stand in awe of your strength and grace,’’ he wrote.

当 D.J. 的哥哥完成论文时，他写下了对家人的献词：“妈妈，我对你的力量和恩典感到敬畏，”他写道。

Wesley also put in a message to his little brother: ‘‘[D.J.], you never cease to amaze me.’’

韦斯利还向他的弟弟传达了一条信息：“[D.J.]，你总是让我感到惊讶。”

Wesley graduated from high school in 1993, then enrolled at Rutgers.

韦斯利 1993 年高中毕业，随后就读于罗格斯大学。

He was always very close to his brother, whom he sometimes calls ‘‘Baby Bubba.’’ By the time Wesley was named one of D.J.’s legal guardians, he had earned a master’s degree in history; in 2009, he was on track to get his Ph.D. and in one of Anna’s courses.

他和他的兄弟总是非常亲密，有时他称他为“宝贝布巴”。当韦斯利被任命为 D.J. 的法定监护人之一时，他已经获得了历史学硕士学位； 2009年，他有望获得博士学位。在安娜的一门课程中。

During class, Anna showed part of a 2004 Oscar-­nominated documentary called ‘‘ Autism Is a World ,’’ narrated by Julianna Margulies and co-­produced by CNN.

课堂上，安娜播放了 2004 年奥斯卡提名的纪录片《自闭症是一个世界》的一部分，由朱丽安娜·玛格丽丝担任旁白，CNN 联合制作。

The film described a nonverbal girl with disabilities and an I.Q.

这部电影描述了一个不会说话的残疾女孩和一个智商很高的女孩。

of just 29 who went to college after learning to type using facilitated communication, or F.C.

仅有 29 名在使用便利交流 (F.C.) 学习打字后进入大学的人中

The girl reminded Wesley of D.J., and after class he went to Anna for advice: Could his brother also learn to use a keyboard?

女孩让韦斯利想起了D.J.，下课后他向安娜寻求建议：他的弟弟也能学用键盘吗？

Anna said she had attended a three-day workshop on the technique the year before and maybe she could help.

安娜说她前一年参加过一个为期三天的技术研讨会，也许她可以提供帮助。

One Saturday not long after, Wesley and P.

不久之后的一个星期六，韦斯利和 P.

took D.J.

带走了 D.J.

up to Anna’s office in Conklin Hall.

前往安娜位于康克林大厅的办公室。

In preparation for their visit, Anna had cut out pictures from magazines and drawn on index cards.

为了准备他们的访问，安娜从杂志上剪下图片并画在索引卡上。

‘‘In which room would you find a stove?’’ she asked, laying out four cards showing a kitchen, a bedroom, a bathroom and a laundry room.

“你会在哪个房间找到炉子？”她一边问道，一边拿出四张卡片，上面分别是厨房、卧室、浴室和洗衣房。

‘‘Please don’t be insulted,’’ she added quickly.

“请不要受到侮辱，”她很快补充道。

‘‘I assume you know the answers to these questions.’’

“我想你知道这些问题的答案。”

D.J.

DJ

couldn’t name the pictures or gesture at them on his own.

他无法自己说出这些照片的名称或对它们做出手势。

It seemed to Anna that he would try to point and then freeze up and lock his hands together.

在安娜看来，他似乎会试图指指点点，然后就僵住了，双手紧握在一起。

So she used the method that she learned during the workshop.

所以她使用了在研讨会上学到的方法。

First, she placed her hand beneath his elbow to stabilize his arm and found that, with this help, he could pick out the picture of the kitchen.

首先，她把手放在他的肘部下方，以稳定他的手臂，发现有了这个帮助，他就能认出厨房的照片。

Then she asked him to show her the president of the United States, and D.J.

然后她请他带她看看美国总统和 D.J.

pointed — still with her support — to a photo of Barack Obama.

在她的支持下，她指着一张巴拉克·奥巴马的照片。

Now she used her other hand to tuck his pinkie, ring and middle fingers lightly under hers, as if their hands were spooning, with just his index finger sticking out.

现在，她用另一只手把他的小指、无名指和中指轻轻地塞在自己的手下，就好像他们的手在勺子一样，只有他的食指伸出来。

From this position, she introduced a set of letter cards and finally a keyboard.

从这个位置开始，她引入了一套字母卡，最后引入了键盘。

‘‘It was clear he knew the alphabet and could spell simple words,’’ she said later.

“很明显，他懂字母表，能拼出简单的单词，”她后来说。

‘‘He was a fast learner.’’

“他学得很快。”

P.

P。

took D.J.

带走了 D.J.

to Rutgers every other Saturday and then asked Anna over to her house for more facilitation.

每隔一个星期六去罗格斯大学，然后邀请安娜去她家寻求更多帮助。

‘‘I would get excited: ‘Did he do something?’ ’’ P.

“我会很兴奋：‘他做了什么吗？’”P.

said.

说。

‘‘I tried to contain myself, but [Anna] said I was distracting him.’’ At one point, Anna had to make P.

“我试图控制自己，但[安娜]说我分散了他的注意力。”有一次，安娜不得不让 P.

leave the room.

离开房间。

That fall, P.

那年秋天，P.

took more than half a dozen mothers of children with disabilities — friends from her support group — to meet with Anna and learn about facilitated communication.

带着六位残疾儿童的母亲（她的支持小组的朋友）与安娜会面，了解如何促进沟通。

(One soon began working with Anna.) ‘‘I thought it was the best thing since sliced bread,’’ P.

（其中一个很快开始与安娜合作。）“我认为这是自切片面包以来最好的东西，”P.

said.

说。

Wesley was enthusiastic, too.

韦斯利也很热情。

When he met other users of facilitated communication, he noticed that D.J.

当他遇到其他便利通讯用户时，他注意到 D.J.

was among the very few who weren’t white and didn’t come from some degree of privilege.

是极少数非白人且没有某种特权的人之一。

‘‘I was proud,’’ he said in court.

“我很自豪，”他在法庭上说。

‘‘Who wouldn’t be?’’ His brother ‘‘was the Jackie Robinson of F.C.’’

“谁不会呢？”他的兄弟“是足球俱乐部的杰基·罗宾逊”

The method that Anna used with D.J., and with several other clients at the time, was devised some 40 years ago to help a girl with cerebral palsy named Anne McDonald.

安娜对 D.J. 以及当时的其他几位客户使用的方法是大约 40 年前设计的，目的是帮助一位名叫安妮·麦克唐纳 (Anne McDonald) 的脑瘫女孩。

Born in 1961 to a family that ran a dry-­cleaning business in a railway town 60 miles north of Melbourne, Australia, she came out feet first, with signs of fetal distress.

她于 1961 年出生于澳大利亚墨尔本以北 60 英里的一个铁路小镇的一个经营干洗店的家庭，她出来时脚先着地，有胎儿窘迫的迹象。

For the first hour of her life, she could not breathe on her own.

在她生命的第一个小时里，她无法自行呼吸。

At 3, she was given a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegia with severe mental retardation and sent to the St. Nicholas Hospital for children with profound disabilities.

3岁时，她被诊断为痉挛性四肢瘫痪并伴有严重智力障碍，并被送往圣尼古拉斯重度残疾儿童医院。

Even as a teenager, McDonald was small enough to fit into a baby stroller and weighed less than 30 pounds.

十几岁的时候，麦克唐纳就已经小到可以装进婴儿车，体重还不到 30 磅。

Her eyes were often crossed, and her arms, neck and tongue remained in constant motion.

她的眼睛经常交叉，她的手臂、脖子和舌头不断地运动。

When Rosemary Crossley, then an assistant at the Mental Health Authority, first saw McDonald, she was bone thin and writhing on the floor.

当当时的心理健康局助理罗斯玛丽·克罗斯利第一次见到麦克唐纳时，她瘦得骨瘦如柴，在地板上打滚。

Neither McDonald nor any other child had toys or wheelchairs, Crossley has said, and they weren’t getting an education, either.

克罗斯利说，麦当劳和其他孩子都没有玩具或轮椅，他们也没有接受教育。

‘‘Just the floor and a cot,’’ is how she remembered it.

“只有地板和一张婴儿床，”她回忆道。

In 1974, Crossley selected McDonald and seven other children for a special play group.

1974 年，克罗斯利选择麦克唐纳和其他七个孩子组成一个特殊的游戏小组。

She called them ‘‘beanbaggers’’ — most were so physically disabled that they could sit only in beanbag chairs.

她称他们为“懒人沙发”——大多数人身体残疾，只能坐在懒人沙发上。

Three years later, she turned the play group into a communication study.

三年后，她把游戏小组变成了一个传播研究小组。

Her plan was to ask the kids to point at objects, photographs and words, and thus find a way for them to voice their basic needs.

她的计划是让孩子们指着物体、照片和文字，从而找到一种方式让他们表达自己的基本需求。

She started with McDonald: ‘‘ ‘Annie, I think I can teach you to talk,’ ’’ she recalls in ‘‘ Annie’s Coming Out ,’’ the memoir she wrote with McDonald.

她从麦克唐纳开始：“‘安妮，我想我可以教你说话，’”她在与麦克唐纳合写的回忆录《安妮出柜》中回忆道。

‘‘ ‘Not with your mouth ...

” “不是用你的嘴......

but with your hands, by pointing to pictures of things.’ ’’

而是用你的手，通过指着事物的图片。”

The problem was that McDonald had a lot of trouble pointing.

问题是麦克唐纳很难指点。

When she tried to move her arm, Crossley wrote, it would ‘‘shut up like a rabbit trap,’’ sometimes snapping back against her face.

克罗斯利写道，当她试图移动手臂时，手臂会“像兔子陷阱一样闭嘴”，有时会弹回她的脸上。

Crossley realized that she would have to keep it balanced.

克罗斯利意识到她必须保持平衡。

‘‘I was acting as a responsive item of furniture, not moving her arm but simply facilitating her own movement.’’

“我充当了一件有反应的家具，不移动她的手臂，而只是促进她自己的运动。”

The supported pointing worked brilliantly.

支持的指向效果非常好。

Now, McDonald could pick out word-blocks and form sentences like ‘‘I want a book, please.’’ Just two weeks into this training, Crossley took out a magnetic board with letters on it to see if McDonald could spell things on her own.

现在，麦克唐纳可以挑选单词块并形成诸如“我想要一本书，请”之类的句子。在接受培训仅两周后，克罗斯利拿出一块上面有字母的磁板，看看麦克唐纳是否可以自己拼写单词。

Less than a week later, McDonald pointed to the letters ‘I’ and ‘H’ and then to 11 more, producing ­‘‘IHATEFATROSIE.’’ ‘‘This is the first sentence Annie ever spelled,’’ Crossley wrote.

不到一周后，麦克唐纳指着字母“I”和“H”，然后指着另外 11 个字母，说出“IHATEFATROSIE”。“这是安妮拼写的第一句话，”克罗斯利写道。

‘‘Annie had freed herself.’’

“安妮解放了自己。”

After a month, McDonald demonstrated a familiarity with local politics.

一个月后，麦克唐纳表现出了对当地政治的熟悉程度。

In two months, she was doing fractions.

两个月后，她就开始做分数了。

It all happened so quickly that some of Crossley’s colleagues wondered if her assisted pointing might be a fraud.

这一切发生得如此之快，以至于克罗斯利的一些同事怀疑她的辅助指向是否可能是一个骗局。

Perhaps Crossley had controlled the children’s hands herself, guiding them to shapes and letters in the way that people move the pointer on a Ouija board.

也许克罗斯利亲自控制了孩子们的手，引导他们认识形状和字母，就像人们在显灵板上移动指针一样。

Crossley had the same concern.

克罗斯利也有同样的担忧。

‘‘What I did not know was whether I was subconsciously manipulating her,’’ she wrote, ‘‘or imagining her hand movements over the letters and making up sentences to fit what were really random twitchings.’’ But she became convinced that the method worked after McDonald started spelling things with other people — including references to private jokes that no one else could have known.

“我不知道的是，我是否在下意识地操纵她，”她写道，“或者想象她的手在字母上的动作，并根据真正随机的抽搐编出句子。”但在麦克唐纳开始与其他人拼写单词之后，她开始相信这种方法是有效的——包括引用其他人不可能知道的私人笑话。

How had she learned so much so fast?

她怎么学得这么快？

She had worked out the rudiments of language by watching television and overhearing nurses’ conversations.

她通过看电视和偷听护士的谈话学会了基本的语言。

She had learned arithmetic by counting slats on the barriers that enclosed her cot.

她通过计算婴儿床周围栏杆上的板条来学习算术。

Soon after McDonald turned 18, she went to court for the right to leave St. Nicholas.

麦克唐纳十八岁生日后不久，她向法院提起诉讼，要求获得离开圣尼古拉斯的权利。

In a proceeding, she was shown an arbitrary pair of words — ‘‘string’’ and ‘‘quince’’ — while Crossley was not in the room.

在诉讼过程中，她被展示了任意一对单词——“绳子”和“木瓜”——而克罗斯利并不在房间里。

Then she had to spell them out with Crossley’s help.

然后她必须在克罗斯利的帮助下拼出它们。

‘‘String’’ and ‘‘quit,’’ she wrote.

“串”和“退出”，她写道。

Not exactly right, but close enough.

不完全正确，但足够接近。

The judge accepted the method and ruled that McDonald was competent to make her own decisions.

法官接受了这一方法，并裁定麦克唐纳有能力做出自己的决定。

Addressing the press right after, she spelled: ‘‘Thank you.

随后她向媒体发表讲话，拼写：“谢谢。”

Free the still imprisoned!’’ McDonald went on to graduate from college and died at 49.

释放仍然被监禁的人！”麦克唐纳大学毕业后去世，享年 49 岁。

The philosophy that drove Crossley’s work, one of radical inclusion, was gaining traction in the world of special education.

推动克罗斯利工作的理念之一是激进的包容性，在特殊教育领域越来越受到关注。

In 1984, the same year that ‘‘Annie’s Coming Out’’ was made into a movie, Anne Donnellan, a professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, published a sort of manifesto for disability rights.

1984 年，《安妮出柜》被拍成电影的同一年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校教授安妮·唐纳兰 (Anne Donnellan) 发表了一份残疾人权利宣言。

An academic paper called ‘‘The Criterion of the Least Dangerous Assumption,’’ it advised teachers on how to treat disabled children: When you assume they will never function as adults, when you shunt them into special classes and give them toys meant for younger children, you make them victims of your meager expectations.

一篇名为《最不危险假设的标准》的学术论文就如何对待残疾儿童向教师提出了建议：当你假设他们永远无法像成年人一样工作时，当你将他们分入特殊班级并给他们提供适合年幼孩子的玩具时，你就会让他们成为你微薄期望的受害者。

It’s better to treat every child as if he or she has hidden talents, Donnellan warned, because if you do the opposite, what happens if you’re wrong?

唐纳兰警告说，最好对待每个孩子都好像他或她有隐藏的才能，因为如果你做相反的事情，如果你错了会发生什么？

Assuming competence was the founding principle of Crossley’s method.

假设能力是克罗斯利方法的基本原则。

But her work would not become widely known until a Syracuse professor of education named Douglas Biklen visited Crossley’s Melbourne clinic in 1988.

但直到 1988 年锡拉丘兹大学教育学教授道格拉斯·比克伦 (Douglas Biklen) 访问克罗斯利的墨尔本诊所后，她的工作才广为人知。

He described that trip — along with a second one a few months later — in a bombshell paper for The Harvard Educational Review in August 1990.

1990 年 8 月，他在《哈佛教育评论》上发表的一篇爆炸性论文中描述了那次旅行，以及几个月后的第二次旅行。

The implications were enormous, Biklen wrote.

比克伦写道，其影响是巨大的。

Those who had been categorized as having among the ‘‘lowest’’ intellectual capacities could now tell the world they existed; they could say, as he put it, ‘‘We will reveal ourselves, we will show our creativity, when we feel appreciated, when we are supported.’’

那些被归类为智力“最低”的人现在可以告诉世界他们的存在；正如他所说，他们可以说，“当我们感到被欣赏、受到支持时，我们将展现自己，展示我们的创造力。”

With Biklen’s help, facilitated communication spread through the world of disability services with a near-­religious fervor.

在比克伦的帮助下，便利的沟通以近乎宗教的热情在残疾人服务领域传播开来。

At Syracuse, he set up an institute that trained teachers, parents and social workers.

在锡拉丘兹，他建立了一个培训教师、家长和社会工作者的学院。

Among its earliest disciples was Anna’s mother, Sandra.

安娜的母亲桑德拉是其最早的弟子之一。

When she heard about the method, she set out for one of Biklen’s workshops on the night train.

当她听说这个方法后，她乘坐夜间列车前往比克伦的一个工作室。

Back in Michigan, she had Anna serve as the videographer of her early sessions.

回到密歇根后，她让安娜担任她早期治疗的摄像师。

At the peak of F.C.’s popularity, a workshop could draw 1,000 people, says Christine Ashby, who now runs Biklen’s institute.

现在负责比克伦研究所的克里斯蒂娜·阿什比 (Christine Ashby) 表示，在 F.C. 受欢迎程度最高的时候，一个研讨会可以吸引 1,000 人。

By October 1991, the technique had made its way into this magazine, in an article that began with a boy in Syracuse who was thought to have an I.Q.

到了 1991 年 10 月，这项技术已经出现在这本杂志上，这篇文章的开头是锡拉丘兹的一个男孩，他被认为具有智商。

of 37 until he started using facilitated communication; he received a standing ovation when he graduated from high school.

37 岁，直到他开始使用便利通讯；当他高中毕业时，全场起立鼓掌。

Three months later, Diane Sawyer did an Emmy-­winning segment on the method for ‘‘Primetime Live’’ on ABC.

三个月后，黛安·索耶 (Diane Sawyer) 在美国广播公司 (ABC) 的“黄金时段直播”节目中使用该方法制作了一段荣获艾美奖的片段。

‘‘For decades, autism has been a dark mystery,’’ she told her viewers, ‘‘a disorder that seems to turn children in on themselves, against the world.

“几十年来，自闭症一直是一个黑暗的谜团，”她告诉观众，“这种疾病似乎让孩子们变得自暴自弃、对抗世界。

Tonight, however, you are going to see something that has changed that.

然而今晚，你会看到一些改变的事情。

Call it a miracle.

称其为奇迹。

Call it an awakening.’’

称之为觉醒。”

Not everyone was convinced.

并非所有人都被说服了。

Howard Shane, a speech pathologist and professor at Harvard Medical School, was at a conference in Stockholm in the summer of 1990 at which Crossley presented her data.

1990 年夏天，语言病理学家兼哈佛医学院教授霍华德·肖恩 (Howard Shane) 参加了在斯德哥尔摩举行的一次会议，克罗斯利在会上展示了她的数据。

He had been trying to help nonverbal people communicate for more than 15 years, using keyboards linked to voice synthesizers and other tools: Press a button, get a word.

15 年多来，他一直在尝试帮助非语言的人进行交流，使用与语音合成器和其他工具相连的键盘：按一个按钮，得到一个单词。

In Sweden, Crossley claimed that she had made stupendous breakthroughs just by squeezing a shoulder or cradling a hand.

在瑞典，克罗斯利声称她仅仅通过挤压肩膀或握住一只手就取得了惊人的突破。

‘‘It just didn’t fit with anything that I or anybody had ever seen before,’’ Shane says now.

“它与我或任何人以前见过的任何东西都不相符，”谢恩现在说道。

‘‘Either she saw something that nobody saw, or there was something wrong with me, in that I was dismissing people as being retarded when all you had to do was just believe that they could do it.’’ He snorted as he recalled Crossley’s presentation: ‘‘We were sitting in the back of the room, and I turned to my friend and said, ‘This is the craziest thing I’ve ever heard.’ And then I said, ‘But what harm could it do?’ I actually said that to her.

“要么是她看到了没人看到的东西，要么是我出了什么问题，因为我认为人们是弱智，而你所要做的只是相信他们能做到。”当他回忆起克罗斯利的演讲时，他哼了一声：“我们坐在房间的后面，我转向我的朋友说，‘这是我听过的最疯狂的事情。’然后我说，‘但这有什么坏处呢？’我实际上是这么说的她。

I said, ‘But what harm can it do?’ ’’

我说：“但这有什么坏处呢？”

Shane got his first call from a district attorney a few months later.

几个月后，肖恩接到了地方检察官打来的第一个电话。

A nonverbal adult in Northampton, Mass., had accused someone of sexual assault while typing with her hand supported.

马萨诸塞州北安普顿的一名不会说话的成年人在用手支撑打字时指控某人性侵犯。

The story turned out to be untrue, but it was not the only accusation of this kind.

这个故事被证明是不真实的，但这并不是唯一的此类指控。

Facilitated communication arrived in the United States during a hysteria over child sexual abuse, fueled by memories ‘‘recovered’’ during hypnosis or elicited from children.

在儿童性虐待的歇斯底里期间，便利沟通到达了美国，催眠期间“恢复”的记忆或从儿童身上引出的记忆推动了这一过程。

By the end of 1994, some 60 users of facilitated communication had made claims of sexual abuse.

到 1994 年底，约有 60 名便利通讯用户提出了性虐待指控。

As these cases multiplied, Shane and others began to look more closely at whether facilitated communication could be trusted.

随着这些案例的增加，肖恩和其他人开始更仔细地研究便利的沟通是否可信。

When Betsy Wheaton, an autistic 16-year-old from Maine, typed out that her father ‘‘makes me hold his penissss,’’ Shane, brought in to evaluate her, arrived with a battery of tests.

当来自缅因州的 16 岁自闭症女孩贝特西·惠顿 (Betsy Wheaton) 打出她的父亲“让我握住他的阴茎”时，肖恩带着一系列测试来评估她。

First, he showed Wheaton and her facilitator, a speech and language trainer named Janyce Boynton, a set of pictures — a shoe, a spoon, a ball — and asked Wheaton to identify them.

首先，他向惠顿和她的辅导员、一位名叫贾尼斯·博因顿的言语和语言训练师展示了一组图片——一只鞋子、一把勺子、一个球——并要求惠顿辨认它们。

In some trials, Wheaton was shown the same pictures as Boynton; in others, she was shown different ones that Boynton wouldn’t see.

在一些试验中，惠顿被展示了与博因顿相同的照片。在其他方面，她看到了博因顿看不到的不同内容。

No matter which she saw, the results were the same : Wheaton spelled out whatever was on the pictures shown to Boynton.

无论她看到哪一个，结果都是一样的：惠顿拼出了向博因顿展示的照片上的内容。

Next, Shane started asking Wheaton for information that Boynton didn’t know — the color of her parents’ car, the names of her family pets.

接下来，肖恩开始向惠顿询问博因顿不知道的信息——她父母汽车的颜色、她家里宠物的名字。

Wheaton pointed to the letter board with Boynton’s help, but her answers were inaccurate.

惠顿在博因顿的帮助下指着信板，但她的答案不准确。

For a final test, Shane took Wheaton into the hall and showed her a key and other things from his pocket.

为了进行最后的测试，肖恩带惠顿进入大厅，并向她展示了一把钥匙和口袋里的其他东西。

Back in the room, he asked her to name the objects she had seen.

回到房间后，他让她说出她所看到的物体的名称。

With Boynton supporting her arm, she failed to spell out anything at all.

博因顿扶着她的手臂，她什么也没说出来。

The results of these experiments matched those from published studies that used a similar controlled approach — asking typers to name objects their facilitators either could or couldn’t see.

这些实验的结果与已发表的研究结果相匹配，这些研究使用了类似的受控方法——要求打字者说出他们的协助者可以看到或看不到的物体的名称。

In almost every case, it seemed that the messages nonverbal people typed were not their own.

几乎在所有情况下，非语言人士输入的信息似乎都不是他们自己的。

One early review of this research found just four subjects whose communications might be valid out of 126 people tested.

这项研究的一项早期审查发现，在 126 名接受测试的人中，只有 4 名受试者的沟通可能有效。

A subsequent review of 19 studies of facilitated communication performed during the 1990s found zero validations across 183 tests.

随后对 20 世纪 90 年代进行的 19 项促进沟通研究的回顾发现，183 项测试的验证为零。

It looked as if the technique had been debunked.

看来这项技术已经被揭穿了。

Professional societies put out formal statements questioning or condemning its use.

专业协会发表正式声明质疑或谴责其使用。

In late 1993, ‘‘Frontline’’ aired a special that told Betsy Wheaton’s story, among others, and suggested that facilitated communication was an elaborate display of what psychologists call the ideomotor effect, in which an external suggestion or a person’s beliefs or expectations trigger unconscious movement: The facilitator was guiding the typing, even if she didn’t know it.

1993 年末，《前线》播出了一个特别节目，讲述了贝特西·惠顿 (Betsy Wheaton) 的故事等，并提出促进沟通是心理学家所谓的意念运动效应的精心展示，即外部暗示或一个人的信念或期望会引发无意识的运动：协调员正在指导打字，即使她不知道。

In early 1994, ‘‘60 Minutes’’ ran a similar exposé called ‘‘Less Than a Miracle.’’ Public funding for the technique in schools started to dry up.

1994 年初，“60 分钟”进行了一次类似的曝光，名为“不到奇迹”。学校对这项技术的公共资助开始枯竭。

Attendance at Biklen’s workshops in Syracuse dropped sharply.

参加比克伦位于锡拉丘兹的研讨会的人数急剧下降。

Even Anne McDonald’s story turned out to have a set of complicating facts.

甚至安妮·麦克唐纳的故事也被证明有一系列复杂的事实。

Before the ‘‘string’’ and ‘‘quince’’ test that won her case in court, she was subjected to a series of investigations that came to different, often contradictory conclusions.

在通过“绳子”和“木瓜”测试在法庭上胜诉之前，她接受了一系列调查，这些调查得出了不同的、往往是相互矛盾的结论。

Cheryl Critchley, a freelance journalist, has documented several harrowing accusations made by McDonald and Crossley’s other typers.

自由记者谢丽尔·克里奇利 (Cheryl Critchley) 记录了麦克唐纳和克罗斯利的其他打字员提出的几项令人痛心的指控。

McDonald said the hospital superintendent had tried to smother her with a pillow, and another young woman said he had forced a noxious liquid down her throat.

麦克唐纳说，医院院长试图用枕头让她窒息，另一名年轻女子则表示，医院院长将有毒液体强行灌入她的喉咙。

The backlash against facilitated communication ‘‘was horrible,’’ says Anna’s mother, Sandra, who still acts as a facilitator with clients and testified in an F.C.-­related sexual-­abuse case in Michigan as recently as 2008 .

安娜的母亲桑德拉 (Sandra) 表示，对便利沟通的强烈反对“非常可怕”。她仍然担任客户的调解人，并于 2008 年在密歇根州一起与 F.C. 相关的性虐待案件中出庭作证。

(She also traveled to Australia in 2005 to meet with Crossley and McDonald.) ‘‘In the early 1990s, people were so excited, and we were able to get a lot of people going on at least some communication.

（她还于 2005 年前往澳大利亚会见了克罗斯利和麦克唐纳。）“在 20 世纪 90 年代初，人们非常兴奋，我们能够让很多人至少进行一些交流。

Then came the pushback, and a lot of schools said you can’t do it anymore and literally took away the only communication system that had ever worked for many of their kids.’’

然后出现了阻力，许多学校表示不能再这样做了，并且实际上取消了对许多孩子来说唯一有效的通信系统。”

D.J.

DJ

is about five feet tall, with skinny arms and legs and the lolling head of a punch-drunk boxer.

大约五英尺高，胳膊和腿都很瘦，低垂的头就像一个喝醉了的拳击手。

He has a tendency to rock from side to side and to bang his face against his knees; his nose looks as if it has been broken once or twice.

他有左右摇晃的倾向，还会用脸撞膝盖。他的鼻子看起来好像断过一两次。

When he is anxious or upset, he puts his hands in his mouth and bites them, leaving open sores.

当他焦虑或不安时，他会把双手放入嘴里咬，留下开放性的疮口。

In a better mood, he likes to play with plastic coat hangers or scoot over to the refrigerator for a snack.

心情好的时候，他喜欢玩塑料衣架，或者跑到冰箱前吃点零食。

D.J.

DJ

loves to eat; he loves to be outside; he loves to look up at the ceiling lights.

爱吃；他喜欢呆在外面；他喜欢抬头看天花板上的灯。

Sitting at the keyboard, D.J.

坐在键盘前，D.J.

also seemed to have a lot to say.

似乎也有很多话要说。

His messages were simple and misspelled at first, but his skill and fluency improved.

起初，他的信息很简单，而且拼写错误，但他的技巧和流畅度有所提高。

Eventually he could hit a letter every second, and if Anna guessed the word before he finished typing, he would hit the ‘‘Y’’ key to confirm.

最终他可以每秒打一个字母，如果安娜在他打完之前猜到了这个词，他就会按“Y”键确认。

Anna brought books for him to read, Maya Angelou and others, and discovered that he read like a savant — 10 pages every minute.

安娜给他带来了玛雅·安杰卢和其他人的书，发现他读得像个学者——每分钟读 10 页。

(She turned the pages for him.) They discussed the possibility of his enrolling in a G.E.D.

（她帮他翻了几页。）他们讨论了他参加 G.E.D. 的可能性。

program.

程序。

As D.J.

作为 D.J.

came into his own, Anna kept her mother posted on his progress.

当他独立后，安娜向母亲通报了他的进展。

In the spring of 2010, Sandra asked if D.J.

2010 年春天，桑德拉问 D.J.

might like to give a paper for a panel she was organizing at a conference of the Society for Disability Studies in Philadelphia.

她可能想为她在费城残疾研究协会会议上组织的小组发表一篇论文。

The panel was on Article 21 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities, which lays out the right to freedom of expression and opinion.

该小组讨论的主题是《联合国残疾人权利公约》第21条，该条规定了言论和意见自由的权利。

D.J.

DJ

wasn’t sure he could do it, Anna said, but she convinced him he should try.

安娜说，她不确定他能做到，但她说服他应该尝试一下。

For the next six weeks, they worked together on his presentation — a one-page essay that D.J.

在接下来的六周里，他们一起完成了他的演讲——D.J. 的一页纸文章。

wrote with Anna’s support and constant feedback over many sessions at his adult day program.

在安娜的支持和成人日间课程中多次反馈的持续反馈下，我写下了这篇文章。

In early June, D.J.

六月初，D.J.

traveled to the conference with his mother and brother, and then Wesley read D.J.’s paper to an audience of some 40 people.

韦斯利和他的母亲和兄弟一起去参加会议，然后韦斯利向大约 40 名观众宣读了 D.J. 的论文。

‘‘The right to communication is the right to hope,’’ the essay said.

“沟通的权利就是希望的权利，”文章说。

‘‘I am jumping for joy knowing I can talk, but don’t minimize how humiliating it can be to know people jump to the conclusion I am mentally disabled.’’ In Philadelphia, Anna and her mother typed with D.J., too, and introduced him to other users of facilitated communication.

“我高兴得跳了起来，因为我知道自己能说话，但不要小看人们得出的结论是我有智障，这是多么令人羞辱。”在费城，安娜和她的母亲也和 D.J. 一起打字，并将他介绍给其他便利交流的用户。

Two of D.J.’s fellow typers on the panel, Jacob Pratt and Hope Block , had just become engaged.

D.J. 小组中的两位打字员雅各布·普拉特 (Jacob Pratt) 和霍普·布洛克 (Hope Block) 刚刚订婚。

They had been going on ‘‘supported dates’’ — flirting with each other through F.C., planning get-­togethers, negotiating intimacy — for about a year.

他们已经进行了大约一年的“支持约会”——通过足球俱乐部互相调情、计划聚会、商谈亲密关系。

Anna found that her relationship with D.J.

安娜发现她和 D.J. 的关系。

was getting deeper, too.

也越来越深了。

All the time they spent working on the essay, all the books they read together and all their conversations had changed the mood between them.

他们花在写论文上的所有时间、他们一起读的所有书籍以及他们所有的谈话都改变了他们之间的情绪。

‘‘I began to gradually be aware that I was having romantic feelings,’’ she would later testify.

“我开始逐渐意识到我有浪漫的感觉，”她后来作证说。

‘‘I became aware of things when he wrote the essay.

“当他写这篇文章时，我意识到了一些事情。

It wasn’t all that original — people who had had the same experience had said similar things — but with all the spelling mistakes, he had a way of putting things.’’

这并不是那么原创——有相同经历的人也说过类似的话——但尽管有很多拼写错误，但他有一种表达方式。”

She had also grown more involved with D.J.’s family.

她也与 D.J. 的家人有了更多的联系。

When P.

当P。

came down with walking pneumonia and needed urgent care, Anna showed up at the hospital.

安娜患上了行走性肺炎，需要紧急护理，她来到了医院。

At one point, P.

有一次，P.

baked a pie for Anna’s family.

为安娜的家人烤了一个馅饼。

‘‘I could have called her Aunt Anna or Cousin Anna,’’ Wesley said during a deposition.

“我可以叫她安娜阿姨或安娜表姐，”韦斯利在证词中说道。

‘‘She was like family.’’ In October, P.

“她就像家人一样。”十月，P.

went with Anna and D.J.

和 Anna 和 D.J. 一起去了。

to a second conference in Milwaukee.

参加在密尔沃基举行的第二次会议。

The paper that he gave there, read aloud by Anna’s father, ended up being published in a peer-­reviewed academic journal.

他在那里发表的论文由安娜的父亲大声朗读，最终发表在一份经过同行评审的学术期刊上。

That fall, D.J.

那年秋天，D.J.

started sitting in on a 400-­level course in African-­American literature at Rutgers.

开始在罗格斯大学旁听一门 400 级的非裔美国文学课程。

A Rutgers undergraduate named Sheronda Jones, recruited by Anna, used F.C.

安娜招募的罗格斯大学本科生谢隆达·琼斯 (Sheronda Jones) 使用 F.C.

to help him do his homework.

帮助他做作业。

‘‘He pretty much read the books,’’ Jones remembered in a statement to the police.

“他几乎读过书，”琼斯在给警方的一份声明中回忆道。

‘‘I can’t tell you what he read.

“我无法告诉你他读了什么。

And he typed out the information.’’ She added, ‘‘I know because one of my roommates was in the class with him, and they pretty much wrote some of the same things.’’

他把这些信息打出来了。”她补充道，“我知道，因为我的一个室友和他一起上课，他们写的一些东西几乎是一样的。”

A man who had been said to have the mental capacity of a toddler was now on the conference circuit and taking college classes.

一个据说拥有幼儿智力的男人现在正在参加巡回会议并参加大学课程。

At last the world could get to know D.J.

世界终于可以认识 D.J.

and understand his mind.

并了解他的想法。

‘‘He’s an extremely ethical person — it’s one of the things that impressed me about him,’’ Anna said in court.

“他是一个非常有道德的人——这是他给我留下深刻印象的事情之一，”安娜在法庭上说。

‘‘You know how you can meet somebody who’s extremely physically attractive, and then when you get to know them, they have such a horrible personality that they don’t really look attractive to you?

“你知道你怎么会遇到一个外表非常有吸引力的人，然后当你了解他们时，他们的性格是如此可怕，以至于他们看起来对你来说真的没有吸引力吗？

It works the same way in reverse.

反过来也以同样的方式工作。

If somebody has an interesting, engaging mind and good heart and a beautiful soul, that is transformative.

如果一个人有一个有趣、迷人的头脑、善良的心和美丽的灵魂，那就是变革性的。

It shows through, and you love the person.

它表现出来了，你爱这个人。

And so you love being close to them, and you love the body that they’re in, because that’s the body that they have.’’

所以你喜欢靠近他们，你喜欢他们所在的身体，因为那是他们所拥有的身体。”

Even as Anna came to feel this transformation, even as it seemed to her that D.J.’s world had opened up, her relationship with his family was not as stable as it seemed.

尽管安娜开始感受到这种转变，尽管在她看来 D.J. 的世界已经打开，但她与 D.J. 家人的关系并不像看上去那么稳定。

One problem was that no matter how much progress D.J.

一个问题是，无论 D.J. 取得多少进展，

made with Anna, his typing never worked with his mother or brother.

他与安娜一起打字，而他的母亲或兄弟却无法打字。

They spent many hours training in F.C., but neither had success.

他们在足球俱乐部花了很多时间训练，但都没有取得成功。

Anna typed with D.J.; Anna’s mother typed with D.J.; Sheronda Jones typed with D.J.

安娜和 D.J. 一起打字；安娜的母亲和 D.J. 一起打字； Sheronda Jones 与 D.J. 一起打字

But somehow, P.

但不知何故，P.

and Wesley always failed.

而卫斯理总是失败。

Wesley remembered that he would take hold of D.J.’s arm, and they would type a single word together: the .

韦斯利记得他会握住 D.J. 的手臂，然后他们会一起输入一个单词：the 。

Then nothing.

然后什么也没有。

Anna, he recalled, would tell him: ‘‘You have to keep practicing.

他回忆说，安娜会告诉他：“你必须继续练习。”

You have to sit down and work with him and just continue at it.

你必须坐下来和他一起工作，然后继续下去。

D.J.

DJ

prefers to facilitate with some people more than others.’’ P.

比其他人更喜欢为某些人提供便利。”P.

said that when she tried to grab D.J.’s hand, he would pull it away or scratch her.

说当她试图抓住 D.J. 的手时，他会把它拉开或抓伤她。

Anna told her to stop mothering him.

安娜告诉她不要再像母亲一样照顾他了。

In January 2011, Wesley grew so frustrated that he went online to find the video about F.C.

2011 年 1 月，韦斯利感到非常沮丧，他上网查找了有关 F.C. 的视频。

that Anna had shown in class two years before.

安娜两年前在课堂上展示过。

He wanted to see how people helped the woman in the film.

他想看看人们如何帮助电影中的女人。

‘‘I was looking for a model to pattern myself after,’’ he said during a deposition.

“我一直在寻找一个可以效仿自己的榜样，”他在证词中说道。

But when he started searching, he came across a different film — not ‘‘Autism Is a World,’’ but the ‘‘Frontline’’ investigation from 1993.

但当他开始搜索时，他发现了一部不同的电影——不是《自闭症是一个世界》，而是 1993 年的《前线》调查。

Other things raised Wesley’s suspicions, too.

其他事情也引起了韦斯利的怀疑。

Some of D.J.’s messages didn’t seem as if they came from him.

D.J. 的一些信息看起来不像是他本人发出的。

D.J.

DJ

typed with Anna that he didn’t like gospel music, but Wesley knew his brother loved to sway in church, doing what Wesley called the ‘‘Stevie Wonder dance.’’ D.J.

与安娜打字说他不喜欢福音音乐，但韦斯利知道他的兄弟喜欢在教堂里摇摆，做韦斯利所说的“史蒂夫·旺德舞蹈”。

also typed, through Anna, that he enjoyed red wine — especially from a label called Fat Bastard.

还通过安娜打字说他喜欢红酒——尤其是来自一个名为“Fat Bastard”的品牌的红酒。

But Wesley spent Communion Sundays with D.J.

但韦斯利周日与 D.J. 一起度过圣餐。

and said he never showed much interest in drinking wine.

并说他对喝酒从来没有表现出太大的兴趣。

‘‘It seemed very class-­based,’’ Wesley said.

“这似乎非常基于阶级，”韦斯利说。

‘‘It seemed very much of what she liked but not what [D.J.] liked.’’

“这似乎是她喜欢的，但不是 [DJ] 喜欢的。”

While Wesley harbored private doubts, P.

虽然韦斯利私下心存疑虑，但 P.

began to feel put off by Anna’s interventions.

安娜的干预开始让她感到厌烦。

They quibbled over the clothes D.J.

他们为衣服争论不休。

wore and the records he listened to, and they debated ­whether D.J.

他穿着的衣服和他听过的唱片，他们争论 D.J.

should find his own place to live.

应该找到自己的住处。

I’m his mother, P.

我是他的母亲，P。

said.

说。

Let him be a man, Anna told her.

让他成为一个男人吧，安娜告诉她。

In March 2011, Anna invited D.J.

2011年3月，安娜邀请D.J.

to Rutgers to give a presentation about his disabilities.

到罗格斯大学做关于他的残疾的演讲。

Students asked him questions:

学生们向他提问：

D.J.

DJ

typed that he would like to go to college, become a writer and work in disability activism.

他打字说他想上大学，成为一名作家并从事残疾人活动。

‘‘I want that more than anything,’’ D.J.

“我最想要的就是这个，”D.J.

answered.

回答道。

‘‘But I don’t know if that’s possible for people with disabilities like mine.’’

“但我不知道这对于像我这样的残疾人来说是否可能。”

That was the moment Anna knew she couldn’t keep her feelings to herself.

从那时起，安娜知道她无法将自己的感情隐藏起来。

‘‘I wanted to put my arms around him and say: ‘You can have that.

“我想用双臂搂住他并说：‘你可以接受这个。

I love you,’ ’’ she later testified.

我爱你，”她后来作证说。

A week later, at his afternoon day program, Anna finally told D.J.

一周后，在他的下午日间节目中，安娜终于告诉 D.J.

how she felt.

她的感受如何。

‘‘I love you, too,’’ he typed.

“我也爱你，”他打字道。

She said she had known that for a long time, and he said he had known it, too.

她说她很早就知道这一点，他说他也知道这一点。

And then he typed, ‘‘So now what?’’

然后他输入：“那现在怎么办？”

They went back and forth on this question.

他们在这个问题上反复讨论。

‘‘He grilled me on how much I really loved him, how committed I was to him, how I felt about my husband,’’ Anna wrote in an account of their relationship that she compiled six months later at her lawyer’s request.

“他盘问我到底有多爱他，我对他有多忠诚，我对我丈夫的感觉如何，”安娜在六个月后应律师要求编写的一份关于他们关系的描述中写道。

D.J.

DJ

wanted to know if she would someday marry him.

想知道她是否有一天会嫁给他。

‘‘I said: ‘Please, I love you very much, but please don’t ask me that just now.

“我说：‘拜托，我非常爱你，但请不要现在问我这个。

I need time to think through everything.’ He said that he was sorry.

我需要时间把一切想清楚。”他说他很抱歉。

He didn’t mean to push that hard.

他并不想逼得那么紧。

It was childish of him.’’

他这太幼稚了。”

After many hours of discussion and several visits to the day program, Anna finally convinced D.J.

经过几个小时的讨论和多次参观日间节目后，安娜终于说服了 D.J.

that she meant all that she had been saying.

她所说的一切都是认真的。

‘‘O.K., I believe you really do love me,’’ he typed.

“好吧，我相信你真的爱我，”他打字道。

‘‘But are you physically attracted to me?’’

“但是你的身体对我有吸引力吗？”

‘‘That broke my heart all over again,’’ she said in court.

“这再次让我心碎，”她在法庭上说道。

‘‘I said, ‘I’m in love with you the whole way.’ Then he said, ‘Kiss me,’ and I did.

“我说，‘我自始至终都爱着你。’然后他说，‘吻我，’我就这么做了。”

He said, ‘Kiss me again.’ I kissed him again.’’

他说，‘再吻我一次。’我又吻了他。”

D.J.

DJ

typed, ‘‘Do you think it’s even possible with my cerebral palsy for us to make love?’’

输入：“你认为我患有脑瘫，我们有可能做爱吗？”

They met the following Sunday at D.J.’s house, while his mother was at church.

接下来的周日，他们在 D.J. 的家里见面，当时他的母亲正在教堂。

They tried to kiss while lying down on D.J.’s bed, on the theory that it would be easier, given his impairments.

他们试图躺在 D.J. 的床上接吻，理由是考虑到他的身体缺陷，接吻会更容易。

But D.J.

但 D.J.

kept sitting up, and then he lowered himself onto the floor.

继续坐起来，然后他跪倒在地板上。

Anna offered him the keyboard and asked if anything was wrong.

安娜把键盘递给他，并询问是否有什么问题。

Nothing’s wrong, he typed, he was very happy, but also overwhelmed — he needed a minute.

没什么问题，他打字道，他很高兴，但也不知所措——他需要一分钟。

Anna said O.K., and D.J.

安娜说好的，D.J.

scooted out into the hall.

快步冲进大厅。

‘‘Look, whatever we’re going to do, you set the pace,’’ she told him.

“听着，无论我们要做什么，你都可以设定节奏，”她告诉他。

‘‘You call the shots.

” “你做主。

This is all about what feels right for you.

这一切都是关于什么适合你。

I just love being close to you in whatever way works for you and for your body.

我只是喜欢以任何对你和你的身体有效的方式靠近你。

No pressure.’’

没有压力。”

At his request, she said, she pushed down his pants, loosened his diaper and performed oral sex on him.

她说，应他的要求，她脱下了他的裤子，松开了他的尿布，并对他进行了口交。

They never finished — ‘‘I was close,’’ D.J.

他们从未完成——“我已经很接近了，”D.J.

typed — but they had tickets for a disability-­related film festival at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

打字 - 但他们有大都会艺术博物馆与残疾人相关的电影节的门票。

They were going to see ‘‘ Wretches & Jabberers ,’’ a 2010 documentary about F.C.

他们打算观看 2010 年关于 F.C. 的纪录片《Wretches & Jabberers》。

produced by Douglas Biklen, the founder of the Syracuse institute.

由雪城研究所创始人道格拉斯·比克伦 (Douglas Biklen) 制作。

A week later, Anna recalled, the couple tried to have sex in Anna’s office at Conklin Hall, with condoms, a blanket and an exercise mat.

安娜回忆说，一周后，这对夫妇试图在安娜位于康克林大厅的办公室里做爱，并使用了安全套、毯子和运动垫。

It didn’t work, and they ended up just sitting on the floor together, Anna talking and D.J.

但这不起作用，最后他们只是一起坐在地板上，安娜说话，D.J.

typing.

打字。

Anna asked him if he might want to see some pornography, ‘‘to see what things looked like and different positions people used and that sort of thing.’’ She said she wouldn’t want to pay for porn or watch anything offensive, but that she would be O.K.

安娜问他是否想看一些色情内容，“看看东西是什么样子，人们使用不同的姿势等等。”她说她不想花钱看色情内容或观看任何冒犯性的内容，但她不会介意的。

with finding free clips on the Internet that depicted couples engaging in mutually pleasurable intercourse.

在互联网上找到描绘情侣进行相互愉快性交的免费剪辑。

He demurred, typing out that in his view the women in porn are being exploited, and that, besides, Anna was more beautiful than any porn star, and he really wanted to be thinking only about her when they finally made love.

他表示反对，并写道，在他看来，色情片中的女性正在被剥削，而且，安娜比任何色情明星都更美丽，当他们最终做爱时，他真的只想只想到她。

The following Sunday in her office, it finally happened.

接下来的周日，在她的办公室里，这件事终于发生了。

D.J.

DJ

‘‘was very happy with what was going on,’’ she said in court.

“对所发生的事情感到非常满意，”她在法庭上说。

If he needed to say something, he would bang the floor, and she would pause to set him up with the keyboard.

如果他需要说点什么，他就会敲打地板，然后她就会停下来帮他敲键盘。

‘‘It was a few hours from getting undressed to afterglow,’’ she said.

“从脱衣服到容光焕发，花了几个小时，”她说。

When they were finished, he typed: ‘‘I feel alive for the first time in my life.’’

当他们完成后，他输入：“我一生中第一次感到自己还活着。”

It’s not that Anna didn’t know of F.C.’s checkered reputation.

安娜并不是不知道 F.C. 的名声不好。

But like many in that insular and passionate community of users, she thought the method had been unfairly pushed aside.

但和那个孤立而热情的用户社区中的许多人一样，她认为这种方法被不公平地搁置一边。

Anna knew it worked, firsthand.

安娜直接知道这有效。

She had watched her mother use F.C.

她曾亲眼目睹母亲使用 F.C.

for 20 years.

20年。

In 2000, Sandra introduced her to an F.C.

2000 年，桑德拉向她介绍了一家 F.C.

user with autism named Nick Pentzell.

患有自闭症的用户名叫 Nick Pentzell。

Anna was teaching at Temple University.

安娜在天普大学任教。

He sat in on her classes.

他旁听了她的课。

(She also typed with him herself.) At Rutgers, Newark, Anna worked regularly with several people other than D.J., including a nonverbal teenage boy named Zach DeMeo.

（她自己也和他一起打字。） 在纽瓦克的罗格斯大学，安娜经常和 DJ 以外的几个人一起工作，其中包括一个名叫扎克·德梅奥（Zach DeMeo）的不会说话的十几岁男孩。

Zach, now 22, has autism and lost his speech while a toddler.

扎克现年 22 岁，患有自闭症，幼儿时就失去了言语能力。

Like D.J., he met Anna through an older brother who was enrolled at Rutgers.

和 D.J. 一样，他也是通过就读于罗格斯大学的哥哥认识了安娜。

Soon they were having weekly or biweekly sessions at Anna’s office.

很快，他们就在安娜的办公室举行每周或每两周一次的会议。

‘‘It changed his life,’’ says Zach’s mother, Toni, a substitute teacher on Long Island.

“这改变了他的生活，”扎克的母亲托尼说，她是长岛的代课老师。

‘‘She was so selfless and devoted.

“她是如此无私和奉献。

She saw us on weekends.

她周末来看我们。

She left her family to help my son.’’ Anna and Zach have been friends for six years, and they stayed in touch even as she prepared for trial.

她离开家人来帮助我的儿子。”安娜和扎克已经是六年的朋友了，即使在她准备受审时，他们也保持着联系。

‘‘She speaks to my son as an equal,’’ Toni says.

“她以平等的身份与我儿子交谈，”托尼说。

‘‘She treats him as a human being.

“她把他当作一个人来对待。

If he told me he was in love with her, I would believe him.’’

如果他告诉我他爱她，我就会相信他。”

As for D.J., once Anna decided that he could express himself — once he told her several things that she said she could not have figured out herself, like his nickname and his date of birth — then her mind was free of doubt.

至于 D.J.，一旦安娜决定他可以表达自己——一旦他告诉了她一些她说她自己也无法弄清楚的事情，比如他的昵称和出生日期——那么她的思想就不再怀疑了。

‘‘I knew [D.J.] was the author of his typing,’’ she said in court.

“我知道 [D.J.] 是他打字的作者，”她在法庭上说。

‘‘Why would I question that?’’

“我为什么要质疑这个？”

Those who do raise doubts about F.C.

那些对 F.C. 提出质疑的人

tend to go too far, she wrote in a 2011 paper for Disability Studies Quarterly: ‘‘Although opponents of F.C.

她在 2011 年《残疾研究季刊》的一篇论文中写道：“尽管 F.C. 的反对者倾向于走得太远。”

present themselves as engaging in scientific debate, some instances of continuing anti-­F.C.

自称参与科学辩论，一些持续反 F.C. 的例子。

expression meet the criteria to count as hate speech.’’ She conceded that there were studies showing that the method didn’t work, but there were others that indicated just the opposite.

言论符合仇恨言论的标准。”她承认，有研究表明这种方法不起作用，但也有其他研究表明恰恰相反。

The skeptics’ dismissal of F.C., she argued, their insistence that it never works, could be taken as a form of ableist oppression.

她认为，怀疑论者对 F.C. 的排斥，他们坚持认为它永远不会起作用，可以被视为一种体能主义压迫。

‘‘We just need to recognize that research does a thing,’’ Christine Ashby, the head of the institute in Syracuse, said at last year’s annual summer conference for typers and facilitators.

“我们只需要认识到研究是有作用的，”锡拉丘兹研究所所长克里斯汀·阿什比 (Christine Ashby) 在去年的打字员和辅导员年度夏季会议上说道。

‘‘Research gives us a piece of information, but it’s very dangerous when that piece of information gets used to take away people’s way of gaining access to the world.’’

“研究为我们提供了一条信息，但当这条信息被用来剥夺人们接触世界的方式时，这是非常危险的。”

Almost 300 people had convened at the city’s Sheraton hotel, including parents, siblings, support staff and F.C.

近 300 人聚集在该市的喜来登酒店，其中包括父母、兄弟姐妹、支持人员和足球俱乐部。

trainers, and about 75 typers, almost all of whom were on the autism spectrum.

培训师、大约 75 名打字员，几乎所有人都患有自闭症谱系障碍。

Most were children and teenagers; a few had cerebral palsy.

大多数是儿童和青少年；一些人患有脑瘫。

In the hotel’s ballroom, the typers sat with their facilitators and listened to the presentations, or they got up and walked in circles.

在酒店的宴会厅里，打字员和他们的协调员坐在一起听演示，或者站起来绕圈走动。

They also laughed and groaned and blurted out a score of chirps and mournful cries — whooo, whooo, unna-unnahhh!

他们还大笑、呻吟，脱口而出二十声叽叽喳喳和悲伤的哭声——呼呼，呼呼，呜呜呜！

Unna-unnahhh !

乌纳-乌纳啊！

‘‘For a really progressive view of disability, there’s no other place to be,’’ a graduate-­student organizer told me on the first day.

“对于残疾问题，要想获得真正进步的观点，没有其他地方可以去，”一位研究生组织者在第一天告诉我。

‘‘It’s like we’re in this little bubble.

“就像我们处在这个小泡沫中一样。

It’s an amazing bubble!’’

这是一个惊人的泡沫！”

At one point during the conference, Ashby led a session for facilitators called ‘‘Circling the Wagons: How Shifting Definitions of ‘Research’ Keep the Voices of F.C.

会议期间，阿什比曾为协调员主持了一场名为“Circling the Wagons：‘研究’定义的转变如何保持 F.C. 的声音”的会议。

Users Out.’’ Before she set out on a critical review of the studies from the 1990s, she apologized, half-­joking, for the ableism of that metaphor: double-­blind.

在她开始对 20 世纪 90 年代的研究进行批判性回顾之前，她半开玩笑地为“双盲”这个隐喻的体能主义道歉。

Such insensitivity was not surprising from the F.C.

足球俱乐部的这种麻木不仁并不奇怪。

skeptics, she said, who are more concerned with scientific method — with cold, quantitative research — than with real, lived experience.

她说，怀疑论者更关心科学方法——冷酷的定量研究——而不是真实的、生活的经验。

When stories like Betsy Wheaton’s started to emerge in the 1990s, proponents of F.C.

当像 Betsy Wheaton 这样的故事在 20 世纪 90 年代开始出现时，FC 的支持者

acknowledged that their method was subject to abuse.

承认他们的方法遭到滥用。

People rushed into it without proper training and then fell victim to their own enthusiasm, Ashby said.

阿什比说，人们在没有经过适当培训的情况下就冲入其中，然后成为自己热情的牺牲品。

A responsible facilitator, she explained, always checks her client’s eyes to make sure he is looking at the keyboard.

她解释说，一个负责任的辅导员总是会检查客户的眼睛，以确保他正在看键盘。

She always pushes backward against his hand or arm, steadying his movement instead of guiding it.

她总是向后推他的手或手臂，稳定他的动作，而不是引导他的动作。

She always tries to ‘‘fade support,’’ so that he can type more independently.

她总是试图“减少支持”，以便他能够更独立地打字。

And when something sensitive comes up — like a claim of abuse — she checks the message with another ‘‘naïve’’ facilitator.

当出现敏感问题时——比如虐待指控——她会与另一位“天真的”协调员核实信息。

In Syracuse, I met several people who started with F.C.

在锡拉丘兹，我遇到了几位从 F.C. 开始的人。

and later learned to type without support, including Jamie Burke, a young man who once worked with Rosemary Crossley and now spelled out his words to me with no one touching him.

后来在没有帮助的情况下学会了打字，其中包括杰米·伯克（Jamie Burke），他是一位曾经与罗斯玛丽·克罗斯利（Rosemary Crossley）共事的年轻人，现在在没有人碰他的情况下向我拼出他的话。

His messages were somewhat cryptic: ‘‘Law of fair and just,’’ he wrote, and also, ‘‘I love challenging my correction.’’

他的信息有些神秘：“公平公正的法律，”他写道，而且，“我喜欢挑战我的纠正。”

Jamie proves that the method works, Ashby said during the ‘‘Circling the Wagons’’ session, but the skeptics claim that he would have learned to speak and type anyway and that F.C.

阿什比在“绕马车”会议上说，杰米证明了这种方法是有效的，但怀疑者声称无论如何他都会学会说话和打字，而且 F.C.

might even have slowed him down.

甚至可能会减慢他的速度。

‘‘Simply achieving success means you didn’t need support in the first place,’’ Ashby said with exasperation.

“仅仅取得成功就意味着你一开始就不需要支持，”阿什比恼怒地说。

‘‘Several years ago, one of the biggest F.C.

“几年前，最大的足球俱乐部之一

skeptics offered something like $100,000 to any F.C.

怀疑论者向任何一支球队提供了大约 10 万美元的奖金。

user who would go and pass his double-­blind test,’’ Ashby said.

愿意去并通过双盲测试的用户，”阿什比说。

‘‘Do you know how badly I wanted to get one of the people I know and love to go do that?

“你知道我有多想让我认识并喜爱的人去做这件事吗？

Just because I wanted to stick it in his face and use that money to do good work in the world.

只是因为我想把它贴在他脸上，并用这笔钱在世界上做好事。

But I would never subject somebody to that.’’

但我永远不会让别人受这样的影响。”

‘‘Who would do that?’’ Ashby said, shaking her head.

“谁会这么做？”阿什比摇着头说道。

‘‘That is the most inhumane thing I’ve ever heard of.

“这是我听过的最不人道的事情。

You go in to see this person who despises you, who thinks you are incompetent and incapable.

你进去就看到这个鄙视你的人，他认为你无能、无能。

And you go perform in front of them, like a show pony .

然后你就去他们面前表演，就像一匹表演小马。

And if you can do it, then he’ll still say that you probably weren’t autistic to begin with.’’

如果你能做到，那么他仍然会说你一开始可能就不是自闭症患者。”

The proponents of F.C.

F.C. 的支持者

have argued from the start that when typers fail in formal testing, it’s because they become confused or feel antagonized; they freeze up in the face of inquisition.

从一开始就认为，当打字员在正式测试中失败时，是因为他们感到困惑或感到敌对；他们在审问面前僵住了。

Mainstream experts have no patience for these evasions.

主流专家对这些回避行为没有耐心。

If the method works for someone, they say, then have that person tested — and don’t claim that he hides his skills only under careful scrutiny.

他们说，如果这种方法对某人有效，那么就对该人进行测试——并且不要声称他只是在仔细审查下才隐藏自己的技能。

Yet their admonitions go unheeded by a growing number in the autism community.

然而，越来越多的自闭症群体对他们的警告置若罔闻。

Ashby said that she has seen a resurgence of F.C., but that ‘‘it’s happening much more carefully this time.’’ Recent surveys of parents, caregivers and special-­education teachers find that less than 10 percent now use facilitated communication.

阿什比说，她看到 F.C. 再次出现，但“这次发生得更加谨慎。”最近对家长、看护者和特殊教育教师的调查发现，现在只有不到 10% 的人使用便利沟通。

The practice has even made its way back into pop culture, too.

这种做法甚至也重新回到了流行文化中。

In 2013, the memoirs of a Japanese teenager with autism, who is an F.C.

2013年，一名日本自闭症少年的回忆录，他是一名足球运动员。

user, were translated into English by the novelist David Mitchell and his wife, K.A.

用户，由小说家 David Mitchell 和他的妻子 K.A. 翻译成英文。

Yoshida, as ‘‘The Reason I Jump.’’ On ‘‘The Daily Show,’’ Jon Stewart called it ‘‘one of the most remarkable books I think I’ve ever read.’’

吉田，作为“我跳跃的原因”。乔恩·斯图尔特在《每日秀》中称其为“我认为我读过的最出色的书之一。”

Meanwhile, because of past scandals, facili­tated communication has been quietly rebranded.

与此同时，由于过去的丑闻，便利通讯已悄然被重新命名。

In 2010, the Facilitated Communication Institute in Syracuse changed its name to the Institute on Communication and Inclusion.

2010年，锡拉丘兹促进沟通研究所更名为沟通与包容研究所。

‘‘We need to do more on F.C., but we can’t call it that,’’ said John Hussman, a major donor to the institute who runs a $6 billion mutual fund and whose son uses the technique.

“我们需要在 F.C. 上做更多的事情，但我们不能这么称呼它，”该研究所的主要捐助者约翰·胡斯曼 (John Hussman) 说，他经营着一个价值 60 亿美元的共同基金，他的儿子也使用了这项技术。

He had just given a talk on the neuroscience of what is now often termed ‘‘supported typing.’’ ‘‘We have to come up with some other name to fly under the radar and maintain credibility,’’ he said.

他刚刚发表了一场关于神经科学的演讲，即现在通常被称为“支持打字”的内容。“我们必须想出一些其他名称，以避开雷达并保持可信度，”他说。

At the conference, I interviewed, through typing, a teenager named Matt who spoke only in echolalic phrases — things he had heard and couldn’t help repeating.

在会议上，我通过打字采访了一位名叫马特的青少年，他只用附和的短语说话——这些都是他听到的并且忍不住重复的内容。

‘‘Aunt June will be right back!’’ he kept shrieking.

“琼姨妈马上就回来！”他不停地尖叫。

‘‘Nobody’s having bread!

“没人吃面包！

Where’s Aunt June?’’ But with a facilitator’s left hand on his shoulder and her right hand beneath his armpit, he spelled out a sober proclamation: ‘‘I came here to affirm a commitment to facilitated communication.

琼阿姨在哪里？”但是，一位协调员的左手放在他的肩膀上，右手放在他的腋下，他冷静地宣布：“我来这里是为了确认促进沟通的承诺。

I would spend life locked in a prison of silence without it.’’

如果没有它，我会在沉默的监狱里度过一生。”

Later that afternoon, I met a 20-year-old man named John who had a prominent underbite.

那天下午晚些时候，我遇到了一位名叫约翰的 20 岁男子，他有明显的反颌。

John had been assessed as having the mental capacity of a 3-year-old, but using F.C.

约翰被评估为具有 3 岁儿童的智力，但使用 F.C.

he could write poetry.

他会写诗。

His father handed me some printouts of John’s writing (‘‘The place to discover the ember of love is worlds away but so close/in the land of the nonverbal autistic’’), then grabbed John’s finger so we could have a direct exchange.

他的父亲递给我一些约翰写作的打印件（“发现爱的余烬的地方远在天边，但又很近/在非语言自闭症的土地上”），然后抓住约翰的手指，这样我们就可以直接交流。

‘‘Know that we are intelligent,’’ John’s finger typed into the keyboard.

“要知道我们很聪明，”约翰的手指在键盘上敲着。

‘‘We figured out that he taught himself to read at age 3 by reading a dictionary,’’ his mother said.

“我们发现他在三岁时就通过读字典自学了阅读，”他的母亲说。

‘‘Now he’s a senior in high school.’’

“现在他是高中生了。”

Wasn’t she worried by the studies showing that F.C.

研究表明 F.C.

doesn’t work — that the messages aren’t always real?

不起作用——这些消息并不总是真实的？

‘‘From a parent’s perspective, who cares about the research?’’ she replied.

“从父母的角度来看，谁关心这项研究？”她回答道。

‘‘The research will work itself out.

“研究会自行解决。”

In the meantime, I want to talk to my son.’’

与此同时，我想和我儿子谈谈。”

Before Anna showed up at D.J.’s house that Memorial Day in 2011, she warned him that his mother and brother might be upset by their relationship.

2011 年阵亡将士纪念日，安娜出现在 D.J. 家之前，她警告他，他的母亲和兄弟可能会对他们的关系感到不安。

They might even ban her from seeing him, she said, and as his legal guardians, they had the right to do so.

她说，他们甚至可能禁止她见他，作为他的法定监护人，他们有权这样做。

‘‘They would never do that to me,’’ D.J.

“他们永远不会那样对我，”D.J.

typed back.

打字回来了。

‘‘They love me too much.’’

“他们太爱我了。”

Some weeks after the blowup that ensued, P.

爆炸发生几周后，P.

called Anna on her cellphone and asked her to explain herself.

用手机给安娜打电话，让她解释一下。

‘‘Well, look,’’ Anna said.

“好吧，看，”安娜说。

‘‘I was not pleased to realize that I was feeling that way.

“当我意识到自己有这种感觉时，我很不高兴。

I didn’t think it was professional.

我没想到这很专业。

I mean, I’m married and all that stuff — it wasn’t something that I was looking for, and so I just kind of really, really repressed it.’’ She added that D.J.

我的意思是，我已经结婚了，诸如此类的事情——这不是我一直在寻找的东西，所以我只是真的、真的压抑了它。”

was the only person she had been with, other than her husband, in more than 20 years.

二十多年来，除了她的丈夫之外，她唯一在一起的人。

Anna and her husband married in June 1989, when she was still a teenager in college and Roger was 24, a tuba player for the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.

安娜和她的丈夫于 1989 年 6 月结婚，当时她还是个十几岁的大学生，罗杰 24 岁，是底特律交响乐团的大号演奏家。

They had a son six years later and a daughter a few years after that.

六年后，他们生了一个儿子，几年后又生了一个女儿。

In 2010, when Anna first began to fall in love with D.J., she and her family were living in a modest house in West Orange, N.J.

2010 年，当安娜第一次爱上 DJ 时，她和她的家人住在新泽西州西奥兰治的一栋简陋的房子里。

‘‘The marriage wasn’t great,’’ Anna later said in court, ‘‘but I wasn’t at a state of wanting imminently to end it.’’ Eventually, she said, it came down to a choice of hurting Roger or hurting D.J.

“这段婚姻并不美好，”安娜后来在法庭上说道，“但我并没有立即想要结束它。”最终，她说，这取决于伤害罗杰还是伤害 D.J. 的选择。

‘‘There wasn’t any choice.

” “没有任何选择。

I wasn’t going to hurt [D.J.].’’

我不会伤害[DJ]。”

Roger declined to be interviewed for this article, but in testimony at a pretrial hearing, he said he realized that his marriage was in jeopardy only when ‘‘the prosecutors came and banged down the door.’’ Even then, he and Anna went to couples’ counseling.

罗杰拒绝接受本文的采访，但在审前听证会上的证词中，他说，只有当“检察官来敲门”时，他才意识到自己的婚姻处于危险之中。即便如此，他和安娜还是去接受了夫妻咨询。

The therapist’s first words, he said, were, ‘‘Anna, you must stop dwelling on this relationship with [D.J.].’’

他说，治疗师的第一句话是，“安娜，你必须停止沉迷于与 [D.J.] 的关系。”

Roger may have hoped that she would follow that advice, but when he went through the browser history on their home computer, he found that Anna had been looking up real estate listings.

罗杰可能希望她会听从这个建议，但当他查看家用计算机上的浏览器历史记录时，他发现安娜一直在查找房地产列表。

In a fury, he took the 12-page account of her relationship with D.J., the one she had written for her lawyer, and emailed it to D.J.’s family and to the prosecutor’s office.

盛怒之下，他抄下了她为律师写的长达 12 页的关于她与 D.J. 关系的描述，并通过电子邮件发送给 D.J. 的家人和检察官办公室。

‘‘If you’re so proud of this so-­called relationship,’’ he remembered thinking, ‘‘then let the whole world know.’’

“如果你对这种所谓的关系感到如此自豪，”他记得自己当时想，“那就让全世界都知道。”

A ridge of high pressure slid into New Jersey right after Memorial Day, pulling sticky air up from the Gulf of Mexico.

阵亡将士纪念日过后，一股高压脊滑入新泽西州，将墨西哥湾的粘稠空气拉上来。

Temperatures surged into the triple digits in early June and stayed there, kicking off what would be among the very hottest summers in the state’s history.

六月初，气温飙升至三位数，并一直保持在这个水平，开启了该州历史上最热的夏季之一。

Barred from seeing the man she loved, not sure if his family would ever reconsider, Anna became desperate.

由于无法见到她所爱的男人，不确定他的家人是否会重新考虑，安娜变得绝望。

‘‘I just wanted to follow up with [D.J.] as to why I wasn’t there today,’’ she said in a voice-mail message to P.

“我只是想跟 [D.J.] 跟进一下我今天为什么不在场，”她在给 P. 的语音邮件中说道。

a few days after they first discussed the relationship.

他们第一次讨论这段关系几天后。

The next week, she tried again: ‘‘It’s Anna.

第二周，她再次尝试：“是安娜。”

Wondering if things are going to work out.

想知道事情是否会顺利。

...

...

’’

”

Finally, Anna went to D.J.’s house one evening, uninvited, so she could speak with his mother face to face.

最后，有一天晚上，安娜不请自来地去了 D.J. 家，这样她就可以和他的母亲面对面交谈。

She parked outside just before 6 p.m.

下午六点前，她把车停在外面。

and waited for P.

并等待P。

to arrive from work.

下班到达。

‘‘We have to talk,’’ she said when P.

“我们必须谈谈，”当 P.

headed past her to the door.

从她身边经过，走到门口。

She phoned Wesley and took Anna around to the back porch, so the home health aide wouldn’t hear what they were saying.

她给韦斯利打电话，带安娜到后门廊，这样家庭健康助理就听不到他们在说什么。

There, Anna promised to sign a formal declaration saying she would leave her husband in five years and marry D.J.

在那里，安娜承诺签署一份正式声明，表示她将在五年内离开丈夫，嫁给 D.J.

When Wesley arrived and saw what was going on, he confronted Anna with his doubts about the typing.

当韦斯利到达并看到发生的情况时，他向安娜提出了他对打字的疑问。

‘‘If you believe that [D.J.] can do this F.C.

“如果你相信 [DJ] 可以做到这一点，F.C.

thing, then if I ask [D.J.] a question, he should be able to give me the right answer.’’ Anna agreed to the test, and Wesley asked, ‘‘Who is Georgia?’’

事情，那么如果我问 [D.J.] 一个问题，他应该能够给我正确的答案。”安娜同意测试，韦斯利问道，“乔治亚是谁？”

With Anna’s hand on his, D.J.

安娜的手放在他的手上，D.J.

typed an answer, very slowly, over several minutes: ‘‘Georgia in high school worked for Mom.’’

花了几分钟非常缓慢地输入了答案：“乔治亚在高中时为妈妈工作。”

Georgia, who died before Anna got to know the family, was D.J.’s ‘‘auntie.’’ She had often cared for Wesley and D.J., helping out when their mother was at work.

乔治娅在安娜认识这个家庭之前就去世了，她是 D.J. 的“阿姨”。她经常照顾韦斯利和 D.J.，在他们的母亲工作时帮忙。

Wesley said later that Georgia was D.J.’s other mom, that he loved her as much as anyone and that she made the best scrambled eggs and toast in the world.

韦斯利后来说，乔治亚是 D.J. 的另一位妈妈，他和其他人一样爱她，而且她做了世界上最好的炒鸡蛋和吐司。

Then Wesley said he had a second question, and Anna objected.

然后韦斯利说他还有第二个问题，安娜反对。

‘‘Well, this is just a follow-­up question,’’ he continued.

“嗯，这只是一个后续问题，”他继续说道。

‘‘Tell me who Sally is.’’ Sally was a nickname that D.J.’s family used for Georgia.

“告诉我莎莉是谁。”莎莉是 D.J. 家人对乔治亚的昵称。

Now D.J.

现在，D.J.

typed, with Anna’s help, something about ‘‘Mom’s little nephew,’’ but the answer trailed off.

在安娜的帮助下，她输入了一些关于“妈妈的小侄子”的内容，但答案逐渐消失。

As Anna remembered it, Wesley shook his head and said he hoped Anna could work out her marital difficulties.

安娜回忆起来，韦斯利摇了摇头，表示希望安娜能够解决婚姻中的困难。

(In court, Anna’s lawyer argued that the answers to Wesley’s questions were correct: Georgia had ‘‘worked for Mom,’’ in the sense of helping her with child care, and she was ‘‘Mom’s little nephew’s kin.’’)

（在法庭上，安娜的律师辩称，韦斯利问题的答案是正确的：乔治亚“为妈妈工作”，即帮助她照顾孩子，而且她是“妈妈的小侄子的亲戚。”）

Wesley walked Anna to the door, and she drove off.

韦斯利送安娜到门口，她开车走了。

But as soon as she turned the corner, she had to pull over; she was shaking too much to drive.

但一拐弯，她就必须靠边停车；她颤抖得厉害，无法开车。

Wesley later told the police that Anna had been so distraught, he was afraid that she might be suicidal or that she would ‘‘go home and do something to her kids.’’

韦斯利后来告诉警方，安娜非常心烦意乱，他担心她可能有自杀倾向，或者她会“回家对她的孩子做点什么。”

The next few weeks in Newark were even hotter than the ones that came before.

纽瓦克接下来的几周甚至比之前更热。

At a zoo just down the road from P.

在 P 路沿途的一个动物园里。

and D.J.’s home, keepers fed the cougars ice pops made of blood.

在 D.J. 的家里，饲养员给美洲狮喂血制成的冰棒。

As the scorching summer days went by, Anna heard nothing more from D.J.’s family.

炎热的夏日过去了，安娜再也没有听到 D.J. 家人的消息。

She grew depressed and couldn’t eat; she said she lost 20 pounds.

她变得抑郁，吃不下东西；她说她减掉了20磅。

At the beginning of August, in a final reckless measure, she wrote an email to the director of D.J.’s afternoon day program.

八月初，她采取了最后的鲁莽措施，给 DJ 下午节目的总监写了一封电子邮件。

She said that D.J.’s family was ‘‘unsure’’ if she could see him anymore, but she asked if she could visit just one more time.

她说 D.J. 的家人“不确定”是否还能再见到他，但她询问是否可以再去看一次。

‘‘It’s a mess, and really frustrating for me, because it has more to do with issues within the family and who gets to make decisions about [D.J.],’’ she wrote.

“这真是一团糟，对我来说真的很令人沮丧，因为这更多地与家庭内部的问题以及谁有权对 [DJ] 做出决定有关，”她写道。

Could she just come in ‘‘quietly,’’ so she could tell D.J.

她能不能“安静地”进来，这样她就可以告诉 D.J.

why she disappeared?

她为什么失踪了？

She had to let him know that she still cared about him, that she was trying to fix the situation.

她必须让他知道她仍然关心他，她正在努力解决这个问题。

The director called the family right away.

导演立即给家人打电话。

Wesley and his mother had been ready to let matters rest, but when they heard about the email, they decided to take action.

韦斯利和他的母亲本来准备让事情不了了之，但当他们听到这封电子邮件时，他们决定采取行动。

On Aug.

八月。

7, Wesley wrote a letter to the dean of faculty at Rutgers, Newark, and told her that Anna was harassing his family.

7月7日，韦斯利给纽瓦克罗格斯大学的教务长写了一封信，告诉她安娜正在骚扰他的家人。

He cast his complaint in terms that harked to Anna’s scholarship in racial justice: ‘‘Her continued attempts to see [D.J.] and her insinuation that my mother and I do not know what is in [D.J.’s] best interest is insulting and straddles the racial assumptions about the capacity of black parents to properly raise their children.’’

他用与安娜在种族正义方面的学术成就相呼应的措辞来表达自己的抱怨：“她不断试图见到[D.J.]，并暗示我和我的母亲不知道什么最符合[D.J.]的最大利益，这是一种侮辱，并且跨越了关于黑人父母正确抚养孩子的能力的种族假设。”

He had accused Anna of turning into her own worst nightmare.

他指责安娜变成了她自己最糟糕的噩梦。

‘‘White people uphold white privilege in ways that they repress,’’ she once wrote .

“白人以他们镇压的方式维护白人特权，”她曾经写道。

Even when they mean to help, they behave ‘‘in ways that are disrespectful and that undermine the self-­empowerment of the people whose space they invade.’’ Had Anna done the same to D.J.

即使他们有意提供帮助，但他们的行为方式“是不尊重的，破坏了被他们侵犯的空间的人们的自我赋权。”如果安娜也对 D.J.

and his family?

和他的家人？

A professor of ethics who wrote passionately about the rights of the disabled was accused of sexually assaulting the person she was most determined to protect — a black, disabled man; a child of a single mother; a member of the most vulnerable among the vulnerable.

一位热心谈论残疾人权利的伦理学教授被指控性侵犯了她最想保护的人——一名黑人残疾人；单亲母亲的孩子；弱势群体中最弱势的一员。

In mid-­August, D.J.’s family went to the police, and when P.

8 月中旬，D.J. 的家人报了警，当 P.

spoke to Anna for the last time on Aug.

八月十五日最后一次与安娜交谈。

22, their phone call was recorded.

22日，他们的通话被录音。

‘‘Yes, [D.J.] wanted to be physically involved with me, and I wanted to be physically involved with him,’’ Anna said.

“是的，[DJ]想和我有身体上的接触，我也想和他有身体上的接触，”安娜说。

But, she continued, ‘‘our relationship is not just about or primarily about the sex part.

但是，她继续说，“我们的关系不仅仅是或主要是关于性的部分。

We love each other very, very, very much, and I wouldn’t have sex with somebody that I didn’t love.’’

我们非常、非常、非常相爱，我不会和我不爱的人发生性关系。”

P.

P。

listened carefully from her end of the line, as did two detectives from the Essex County Special Victims Unit.

电话那头的她和埃塞克斯县特殊受害者部门的两名侦探也仔细地听着。

Anna didn’t know it yet, but her relationship with D.J.

安娜还不知道，她和 D.J. 的关系已经发生了。

and the ‘‘least dangerous assumption’’ from which it began — that he was mentally sound and thus capable of consent — had put her in a very dangerous spot.

而事情开始时的“最不危险的假设”——他精神健全，因此有能力同意——已经把她置于一个非常危险的境地。

‘‘Were you really serious about this?’’ P.

“你真的认真对待这件事吗？”P.

asked, baiting her for details.

“怎么了？”问道，引诱她询问细节。

‘‘Yeah, I am,’’ Anna said, her voice shaky.

“是的，我是，”安娜说，她的声音颤抖着。

It had been two months since she had seen D.J., and she was miserable.

她已经两个月没见到D.J.了，她很痛苦。

‘‘I mean, you have to understand, literally, I’m lucky if I get through 20 minutes of any day without thinking about him.

“我的意思是，你必须明白，从字面上看，如果我每天有 20 分钟不去想他，我就很幸运。

That’s how much I miss him.’’ She went on, ‘‘If — if — if I did things like bite my hands, I’d be biting my hands right now, too.’’

这就是我多么想念他。”她接着说道，“如果——如果——如果我做了像咬我的手这样的事情，我现在也会咬我的手。”

How, she wondered, could something ‘‘so special and so incredible for both of us’’ have been turned ‘‘into some kind of horrible, wrong thing?’’

她想知道，“对我们俩来说如此特别和如此难以置信”的事情怎么会变成“某种可怕的、错误的事情？”

‘‘I wouldn’t have fallen in love with him if he wasn’t capable of consent,’’ she would later say in court.

“如果他没有能力同意，我就不会爱上他，”她后来在法庭上说道。

‘‘I wouldn’t have fallen in love with him if he wasn’t someone interested in reading books and talking about them.

“如果他不是一个对读书和谈论书籍感兴趣的人，我就不会爱上他。

He was my best friend.’’

他是我最好的朋友。”

Last month, Anna Stubblefield went on trial for two counts of first-­degree aggravated sexual assault, the same charge that would apply to someone who had inflicted severe injury during a rape or participated in a violent gang rape.

上个月，安娜·斯图布尔菲尔德因两项一级严重性侵犯罪名接受审判，同样的指控也适用于在强奸期间造成严重伤害或参与暴力轮奸的人。

The state set out to prove that D.J.

该州着手证明 D.J.

was incapable of consent to sex or physically helpless to resist it, and that Anna either knew or should have known the same.

无法同意发生性行为，或者身体上无力抵抗，而安娜要么知道或应该知道同样的事情。

D.J.

DJ

went to court only once, presented by the prosecutor as a ‘‘demonstrative exhibit.’’ His mother led him in, holding up his tiny frame at the armpits.

他只上过一次法庭，被检察官作为“示范性证据”展示。他的母亲把他带进法庭，扶着他小小的身躯的腋窝。

She walked him down the aisle and over toward the jury, as his head rolled back and his eyes seemed to focus on the ceiling lights.

她陪他走过过道，走向陪审团，他的头向后转，眼睛似乎聚焦在天花板上的灯光上。

‘‘Jury, this is my son,’’ she said.

“陪审团，这是我的儿子，”她说。

Then she turned D.J.

然后她变成了 D.J.

to face the judge.

面对法官。

‘‘Your honor, this is my son.’’ If D.J.

“法官大人，这是我的儿子。”如果 D.J.

spotted Anna in the courtroom — it would have been the first time in four years — he did not react.

在法庭上看到安娜——这将是四年来的第一次——他没有做出反应。

Anna’s lawyers later argued that the prosecutor tried to block her from his view, so D.J.

安娜的律师后来辩称，检察官试图阻止她看到她，所以 D.J.

wouldn’t reach for her as he used to.

不会像以前那样伸手去接近她。

Each side called in outside experts to meet with D.J.: Howard Shane of Harvard for the prosecution and Rosemary Crossley for the defense.

双方都召集了外部专家与 D.J. 会面：控方是哈佛大学的霍华德·谢恩，辩方是罗斯玛丽·克罗斯利。

But before the trial began, the judge ruled that facilitated communication failed New Jersey’s test for scientific evidence.

但在审判开始前，法官裁定便利通讯未通过新泽西州的科学证据测试。

That put Anna’s defense team in a legal straitjacket.

这让安娜的辩护团队陷入了法律束缚。

Its entire case rested on the fact that D.J.

整个案件的基础是 D.J.

could communicate through his keyboard, or that at least Anna reasonably believed he could.

可以通过他的键盘进行交流，或者至少安娜有理由相信他可以。

Now much of the evidence of that communication had been summarily tossed out.

现在，那次通讯的大部分证据都被草率地扔掉了。

The judge ruled that Anna, and only Anna, could testify about the typing and why she thought it worked.

法官裁定，只有安娜才能就打字以及她认为打字有效的原因作证。

She would have to win the jury’s sympathy alone.

她必须独自赢得陪审团的同情。

On the morning of Oct.

十月一日的早上。

2, after the jury had deliberated for less than three hours, a red light flicked on in the courtroom, signaling a verdict.

2日，陪审团商议不到三个小时，法庭上红灯亮起，宣布裁决。

Anna waited in her charcoal suit and sling-back shoes and the silver bird brooch that she had worn nearly every day in court.

安娜穿着深褐色西装和露跟鞋，戴着她几乎每天在法庭上佩戴的银鸟胸针等待着。

Her mother sat in the gallery, holding hands with Anna’s older brother, Michael, a computer scientist who had flown in from Wisconsin.

她的母亲坐在画廊里，与安娜的哥哥迈克尔手牵手，迈克尔是一位从威斯康星州飞来的计算机科学家。

Throughout the trial, several benches in the courtroom were filled with a rotating cast of Anna’s friends and fellow activists: Nick Pentzell, the autistic man from Pennsylvania; Devva Kasnitz, an anthropologist and former president of the Society for Disability Studies, who has a severe speech impediment; Sue Rubin, the woman from the film Anna had shown in class; Toni DeMeo, Zach’s mother.

在整个审判过程中，法庭上的几张长凳上轮流坐满了安娜的朋友和其他活动人士：尼​​克·彭泽尔，来自宾夕法尼亚州的自闭症患者； Devva Kasnitz，人类学家，残疾研究协会前主席，患有严重的语言障碍；苏·鲁宾（Sue Rubin），安娜在课堂上放映的电影中的女人；托尼·德梅奥，扎克的母亲。

On the courtroom’s other side, P.

在法庭的另一边，P.

sat with Wesley, Wesley’s girlfriend and another member of the family.

和韦斯利坐在一起，韦斯利的女朋友，也是家庭的另一位成员。

The jury found Anna guilty on both counts.

陪审团裁定安娜两项罪名成立。

D.J.

DJ

was incapable of giving his consent, and Anna’s faith in D.J.’s typing — learned from her mother, sustained through academic conferences, reaffirmed by friends and colleagues — could not excuse her.

安娜无法给予他同意，而安娜对 D.J. 打字的信心——从她母亲那里学到的，通过学术会议维持的，并得到朋友和同事重申的——不能原谅她。

In the language of moral philosophy, she was, at best, ‘‘culpably ignorant,’’ lost in a fog of good intentions.

用道德哲学的语言来说，她充其量是“可恶的无知”，迷失在善意的迷雾中。

Anna sat in silence as her lawyers argued for continuation of her $100,000 bail.

安娜静静地坐着，她的律师主张继续给予她 10 万美元的保释金。

When the judge explained that Anna had been convicted of two counts of a first-­degree felony and that further bail would be impossible, she collapsed onto the defense table in loud, convulsive sobs.

当法官解释说安娜已被判犯有两项一级重罪并且不可能进一步保释时，她倒在辩护台上，大声抽泣。

‘‘Please,’’ she begged, ‘‘what about my daughter?’’

“请问，”她恳求道，“那我女儿呢？”

‘‘I truly feel for what is a very difficult situation,’’ the judge said quietly.

“我确实感受到了非常困难的处境，”法官平静地说。

But Anna would be facing 10 to 20 years for each of the two times that she and D.J.

但安娜和 D.J. 两次共事，将面临 10 到 20 年的监禁。

had sex.

发生过性行为。

The prosecutor had asked for the punishments to run consecutively.

检察官要求刑罚连续进行。

Anna, whose sentencing is scheduled for Nov.

安娜的量刑定于 11 月 12 日进行。

9, could end up in the Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women for up to 40 years.

9 号，最终可能会在埃德娜·马汉女子惩教所服刑长达 40 年。

Though Anna’s father says that she had been training in jujitsu to be able to defend herself in prison, she seemed optimistic to the end, planning out the life she would lead with D.J.

尽管安娜的父亲说她一直在接受柔术训练，以便能够在监狱里保护自己，但她似乎到最后都很乐观，规划着她将与 D.J. 一起过的生活。

after she was found not guilty, after he was freed from P.

在她被判无罪之后，在他从P手中被释放之后。

and Wesley and after they at last could marry.

和韦斯利，在他们终于可以结婚之后。

‘‘We would have welcomed him with open arms into our family,’’ Anna’s brother said.

“我们会张开双臂欢迎他加入我们的家庭，”安娜的哥哥说。

Just before 11 a.m., the bailiff lifted Anna from her seat and cuffed her hands behind her back.

上午11点前，法警将安娜从座位上抱起来，并将她的双手反铐在背后。

As she stood, she tried to speak, but her body shook and her throat closed up amid the sobs.

她站起来，想说话，但她的身体颤抖着，喉咙在抽泣中窒息。

The word ‘‘justice’’ could be heard, but nothing more.

只能听到“正义”这个词，但仅此而已。