The Race to Catch the Last Nazis
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Thomas Will’s most recent trip to inspect a Nazi concentration camp took him to Płaszów in Poland, now a wooded rocky site with rusting train tracks and weather-beaten watchtowers still in place.
托马斯·威尔 (Thomas Will) 最近一次视察纳粹集中营的地点是波兰的普拉舒夫 (Płaszów)，那里现在是一片树木繁茂的岩石遗址，铁轨已经生锈，而饱经风霜的瞭望塔仍然存在。
Just before the 63-year-old German arrived, there happened to be a memorial service for the thousands of forced laborers who died at Płaszów, including those stalked for sport by the camp’s commandant, Amon Göth.
就在这位 63 岁的德国人抵达之前，恰巧有人为在普拉舒夫死去的数千名强迫劳工举行追悼会，其中包括那些被劳改营指挥官阿蒙·戈特 (Amon Göth) 跟踪玩耍的人。
The villa where Göth once lived still exists.
哥特曾经居住过的别墅仍然存在。
So do offices, jail cells.
办公室、监狱也是如此。
Visitors guided through on Schindler’s List tours tend to cover the grounds in a few hours before moving on to a quarry where Spielberg filmed exteriors for his famous movie centered on the camp.
参加辛德勒名单之旅的游客往往会在几个小时内游览完整个场地，然后前往采石场，斯皮尔伯格曾在那里拍摄了以营地为中心的著名电影的外景。
Will wasn’t so interested in the Hollywood aspect.
威尔对好莱坞方面不太感兴趣。
Instead he lingered at windows, wondering about sight lines.
相反，他在窗户前徘徊，好奇视线。
He looked out over undulating land and asked himself, Who witnessed what, who ignored what?
他望着起伏的大地，问自己，谁见证了什么，谁忽视了什么？
He was there not as mourner or as tourist but as investigator.
他在那里不是作为哀悼者或游客，而是作为调查员。
Where others might have seen Płaszów as a place consigned to history, Will saw a crime scene, one that remains active even today.
在其他人看来，普拉舒夫是一个被载入史册的地方，而威尔看到的是一个犯罪现场，这个现场至今仍然活跃。
He is one of the last in a long line of Nazi hunters, the chief of a German bureau created decades ago to investigate historic atrocities and to track down aiders and abettors of the Holocaust—those few that remain.
他是最后一批纳粹追捕者之一，也是数十年前成立的德国调查局局长，该局的成立目的是调查历史暴行，并追捕大屠杀的支持者和教唆者——仅存的少数人。
All these years after the collapse of the Third Reich, many of the suspects that Will tries to bring to justice die on him.
第三帝国崩溃后的这些年里，许多威尔试图将其绳之以法的嫌疑人都死在了他的手上。
“After we have found them alive, after we have forwarded their cases to prosecutors….
“在我们发现他们还活着之后，在我们将他们的案件转交给检察官之后......
People die while they are on trial,” he would tell me.
人们在受审时就会死亡，”他告诉我。
“It has become normal in our work.
“这在我们的工作中已经成为常态。
It is our work.”
这是我们的工作。”
He met me in an airy private office at his organization’s headquarters in the southern German town of Ludwigsburg.
他在德国南部小镇路德维希堡的组织总部一间通风良好的私人办公室里见到了我。
Will has a kind face, thick fingers, thick specs, and a bowl of jet-black hair that covers the upper half of both his ears.
威尔有一张慈祥的脸，粗大的手指，厚厚的眼镜，一头乌黑的头发遮住了双耳的上半部分。
One of his predecessors, as chief of this bureau, was said to carry around a pistol on the job.
据说，他的一位前任担任该局局长时，在工作中随身携带一把手枪。
Will is a more relaxed presence, a what-are-you-ordering-for-lunch sort of boss.
威尔是一个更轻松的人，是一个午餐要点什么的老板。
He wears a silver watch that he often shakes out from under the sleeve of his sport coat, as if to remind himself he’s always on the clock.
他戴着一块银色的手表，经常从运动外套的袖子下抖出来，仿佛是在提醒自己，他总是准时的。
The sport coat is sometimes burgundy (velvet finish) and sometimes a subtler navy tweed.
运动外套有时是酒红色（天鹅绒饰面），有时是微妙的海军蓝花呢。
Will’s own preferred lunch order is Käsespätzle, a dish of baked noodles and cheese they make well in a nearby government cafeteria.
威尔自己最喜欢的午餐是 Käsespätzle，这是一道他们在附近的政府自助餐厅精心制作的烤面条和奶酪。
Will occasionally broke off conversation in his office to answer a ringing desk phone with the use of a headset: “Yes?
威尔偶尔会在办公室中断谈话，用耳机接听正在响铃的桌面电话：“是吗？
Indeed?” The building in which we sat, tall and whitewashed, was once a women’s prison.
确实如此？我们坐的那栋高大、粉刷成白色的建筑曾经是女子监狱。
Will’s office is on the second floor and is dominated by a large oval conference table; the pale walls are decorated with colorful abstract paintings that Will chose himself.
威尔的办公室位于二楼，以一张巨大的椭圆形会议桌为主。苍白的墙壁上装饰着威尔自己选择的色彩缤纷的抽象画。
It was not until a few hours of intense conversation had passed between us that I noticed he’d sat me opposite a portrait of a naked man.
直到我们之间进行了几个小时的激烈交谈后，我才注意到他让我坐在一幅裸体男人的肖像对面。
Will smiled when I got up the courage to mention it.
当我鼓起勇气提及此事时，威尔笑了。
The abstract nude was by a friend, he explained.
他解释说，这幅抽象裸体画是一位朋友创作的。
“A lot of people who come into this office are concentrated on other things,” he told me.
“很多来到这个办公室的人都专注于其他事情，”他告诉我。
“You just stared long enough to see it.” This is how Will approaches his role as bureau chief.
“你只是凝视了足够长的时间才看到它。”这就是威尔担任分局局长的方式。
He sits and he stares at Germany’s past long enough to see it.
他坐下来，凝视着德国的过去，想看清它。
The bureau was founded in 1958, a nationwide investigation agency mandated by the German government to scour the country and the wider world for Nazis.
该局成立于 1958 年，是一个全国性调查机构，受德国政府委托，在全国和全世界范围内搜寻纳粹分子。
On Will’s necessarily crammed business card, it is named in full as “the Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes,” which is somehow even more unwieldy in German.
在威尔那张塞得满满的名片上，它的全称是“国家司法管理局国家社会主义犯罪调查中央办公室”，这在德语中显得更加难以掌握。
For ease, people call it the bureau or the central office or the unit.
为了方便起见，人们称其为局或总局或单位。
Somewhat in the manner of a le Carré spy referring to MI5 as the Circus, Will uses an unexpected English phrase for his place of work—“our house.” He’ll say of some old, regretted decision not to pursue a promising piece of casework: “That was the opinion in our house at the time.” Or: “Shall I give you a tour through our house?”
威尔用一个意想不到的英语短语来形容他的工作地点——“我们的房子”，有点像勒卡雷间谍将军情五处称为“马戏团”。他会谈到一些过去的、令人遗憾的决定，即不从事一项有前途的案例工作：“当时我们家里就是这么认为的。”或者：“我可以带你参观一下我们的房子吗？”
When I said yes to Will’s offer of a tour, he led me downstairs, passing the offices of a dozen or so of his colleagues, many of them former judges and prosecutors like Will himself.
当我答应威尔的参观邀请时，他带我下楼，经过十几位同事的办公室，其中许多人像威尔本人一样曾任法官和检察官。
A row of mounted portraits showed his predecessors, including the last but one, a man named Kurt Schrimm, who in the early 2000s oversaw a change of direction at this bureau, reversing a decades-long trend of passivity (letting sleeping Nazis lie) and instead challenging his fellow investigators to think about the complicity and culpability of soldiers and employees at every level of that death-dealing regime.
一排装裱的肖像画展示了他的前任，包括最后一位，名叫库尔特·施里姆 (Kurt Schrimm) 的人，他在 2000 年代初期监督了该局的方向转变，扭转了数十年来的被动趋势（让沉睡的纳粹分子撒谎），转而挑战他的调查同事们，让他们思考这个杀人政权各个级别的士兵和雇员的共谋和罪责。
Will was hired under Schrimm in 2003 and has kept up his former boss’s belief in catching and collaring whomever they can while they can.
威尔于 2003 年在施里姆手下受聘，并一直秉承前任老板的信念，即尽可能地抓捕和逮捕任何人。
“The next generation will not have a chance to work judicially on this,” he said to me.
“下一代将没有机会在这方面进行司法工作，”他对我说。
“It ends in these years, now, in the 2020s.
“它会在这些年、现在、2020 年代结束。
We have the last generation of perpetrators.
我们有最后一代肇事者。
We are prosecuting the last of the crimes.”
我们正在起诉最后的罪行。”
In doing so, Will and his colleagues are heirs to a deep tradition of Nazi chasers, even if they differ—in task and technique—from their more swashbuckling forebears.
在这样做的过程中，威尔和他的同事们继承了纳粹追击者的深厚传统，尽管他们在任务和技术上与他们那些更虚张声势的祖先有所不同。
Back in the 1960s, Adolf Eichmann, one of the architects of the Holocaust, was tracked to Buenos Aires, where he was living in secret as a married father of four and was known locally as Ricardo.
早在 20 世纪 60 年代，大屠杀的策划者之一阿道夫·艾希曼 (Adolf Eichmann) 被追踪到布宜诺斯艾利斯，他作为四个孩子的已婚父亲秘密居住在那里，当地人称他为里卡多 (Ricardo)。
The Mossad agents who found Eichmann drugged, disguised, and then spirited him away for trial in Israel.
摩萨德特工发现艾希曼被下药、伪装，然后将他偷偷带到以色列接受审判。
Later that decade the camp commandant Franz Stangl was traced to a car plant in São Paulo by Simon Wiesenthal, the famed Holocaust survivor turned Nazi tracker.
那个十年晚些时候，集中营指挥官弗兰茨·斯坦格尔被西蒙·维森塔尔追踪到了圣保罗的一家汽车工厂，西蒙·维森塔尔是著名的大屠杀幸存者，后来成为纳粹追踪者。
The postwar years produced sensational, daring stories of Nazis being brought to justice.
战后年代出现了纳粹分子被绳之以法的耸人听闻、大胆的故事。
These final years of the hunt are different.
狩猎的最后几年有所不同。
Quieter.
更安静。
Weirder.
更奇怪的是。
Whatever noble thrills were available to those who ran down Eichmann, Amon Göth, and the other famous ghouls of the camps, these are not thrills that extend to Will, who in cleaning up the last of a mess has been asked to pursue people who may never have considered themselves Nazis at all.
无论那些击倒艾希曼、阿蒙·戈特和集中营中其他著名食尸鬼的人能获得什么崇高的刺激，这些都不会延伸到威尔身上，他在清理最后的混乱中被要求追捕那些可能根本不认为自己是纳粹分子的人。
The targets Will has in his sights get around with the aid of canes or wheelchairs now.
威尔的目标现在可以借助拐杖或轮椅四处走动。
Bids for escape are pretty much off the table—that is, with one startling exception.
逃跑的提议几乎不可能——也就是说，除了一个令人震惊的例外。
Thomas Will is unearthing the Nazi criminals who fell through the cracks.
托马斯·威尔正在挖掘那些被遗漏的纳粹罪犯。
We stood together in front of an enormous map—it was the size of a tablecloth—that showed the Third Reich at the height of its power and cruelty.
我们一起站在一张巨大的地图前——它有桌布那么大——显示了第三帝国最强大和残酷的时期。
“You see how many camps there were,” Will said.
“你看有多少个营地，”威尔说。
“Every blue dot?” I asked.
“每个蓝点？”我问。
These represented some 44,000 concentration camps, extermination camps, subcamps, and other sites of incarceration that were spread around a continental horror zone.
这些代表了大约 44,000 个集中营、灭绝营、分营和其他监禁场所，分布在大陆恐怖地带周围。
Panels of linoleum squeaked underfoot as we walked deeper into the building, ending up in a locked archive that was furnished wall-to-wall with gray filing cabinets.
当我们深入大楼时，油毡板在脚下吱吱作响，最后来到一个上锁的档案室，里面满墙都是灰色的文件柜。
Will and his team deal mostly in names.
威尔和他的团队主要处理的是名字。
They want the names of everyone who worked in or for one of those thousands of Nazi camps on the map.
他们希望在地图上列出在数千个纳粹集中营之一工作的每个人的名字。
New names turn up all the time, even today, because of the sheer volume of paperwork accumulated under Hitler’s finicky regime.
即使在今天，由于希特勒挑剔的政权积累了大量的文书工作，新名字仍然不断出现。
Will told me that he had around a thousand yards of files in his archive he’d yet to read.
威尔告诉我，他的档案中有大约一千码的文件他还没有读过。
Other massive tranches of evidence had long ago been dispersed around the world, either by Nazis in flight or by liberating soldiers.
其他大量证据很久以前就被逃亡的纳粹分子或解放的士兵散布到世界各地。
Because of this, Will has spent time in dusty archives in Buenos Aires; Washington, DC; London; Ottawa; and Minsk.
正因为如此，威尔在布宜诺斯艾利斯的尘土飞扬的档案馆里度过了一段时光。华盛顿特区；伦敦;渥太华；和明斯克。
He took at least a dozen research trips to Moscow before the 2022 invasion of Ukraine brought his open invitation to an end.
在 2022 年入侵乌克兰结束他的公开邀请之前，他至少进行了十几次前往莫斯科的研究旅行。
Will recently visited Jerusalem.
威尔最近访问了耶路撒冷。
When I asked how that went, he said, “I came back with names,” by which he meant it went well.
当我问进展如何时，他说：“我带着名字回来了”，他的意思是进展顺利。
In the hunt for names, Will and his colleagues read pay slips, sick notes, expense requests, uniform and equipment bills, medals, memorials, roll call records, transfer orders, promotion lists, passenger manifests, and passports.
在寻找名字的过程中，威尔和他的同事们阅读了工资单、病假单、费用申请、制服和装备账单、奖章、纪念馆、点名记录、调动单、晋升名单、乘客名单和护照。
Sometimes they request that foreign governments unseal confidential spy reports.
有时他们要求外国政府公开机密间谍报告。
They try to find out which Germans emigrated where after the war and whether those emigrations were suspicious.
他们试图查明战后哪些德国人移民到了哪里，以及这些移民是否可疑。
Having spent so long picking over this evidentiary trail, having read so many documents that richly detailed genocide, Will said he felt mostly unshockable: “I am professionally damaged maybe.” He once flew to Canberra in Australia to pick through old files that were originally from a Nazi extermination camp.
威尔花了这么长时间挑选证据线索，阅读了如此多详细描述种族灭绝的文件，威尔说他感到基本上没有什么震惊：“我的职业生涯可能受到了损害。”他曾经飞往澳大利亚堪培拉翻阅最初来自纳粹灭绝营的旧档案。
He chose a file at random, opened it, and found that it was full of human hair.
他随意选了一个文件夹，打开，发现里面全是人的头发。
Will touched his chest, even now a little frightened.
威尔摸了摸自己的胸口，尽管现在还是有点害怕。
“I was not prepared for that.”
“我对此没有做好准备。”
But he came back from Australia with names.
但他从澳大利亚回来时带着名字。
And from Poland.
来自波兰。
And from Sweden.
来自瑞典。
Whenever they have a new name, Will and his colleagues—the bureau employs roughly eight investigators at a time—turn from historians into gumshoes.
每当有了新名字，威尔和他的同事们（该局一次雇用大约八名调查员）就会从历史学家变成刑警。
They consult grave-site indexes, trying to work out whether a name they’ve found belongs to someone living or dead.
他们查阅墓地索引，试图弄清楚他们发现的名字是否属于活着的人或死者。
(The vast majority are dead.) They’ll call pension providers, insurance companies, vehicle-registration offices, genealogical firms, the Red Cross, the US Department of Justice, Interpol.
（绝大多数人都死了。）他们会打电话给养老金提供者、保险公司、车辆登记处、家谱公司、红十字会、美国司法部、国际刑警组织。
Irmgard Furchner, a former concentration camp secretary, was 96 when she was put on trial.
伊尔姆加德·福希纳 (Irmgard Furchner) 是一名前集中营秘书，受审时已 96 岁。
Christian Charisius/POOL/AFP/Getty Images.
克里斯蒂安·查里修斯/POOL/法新社/盖蒂图片社。
Since the era of Schrimm, the bureau’s reformer in chief, investigators here have sought to define and clarify the scale of the crime that was the Holocaust.
自该局首席改革者施里姆时代以来，这里的调查人员一直试图界定和澄清大屠杀犯罪的规模。
The tendency has been toward enlargement of that crime: “Widening the circle,” Will called it, as he shifted about a packet of sugar and an empty espresso cup on his conference table.
趋势是扩大这种犯罪行为：“扩大圈子，”威尔一边移动着会议桌上的一包糖和一个空浓缩咖啡杯，一边称之为“扩大圈子”。
We were back upstairs in his office.
我们回到楼上他的办公室。
For the purposes of a demo, his cup represented mass murder, and the sugar signified the limits of criminal culpability.
为了演示的目的，他的杯子代表大规模谋杀，而糖则代表刑事责任的限度。
He moved the sugar an inch from the cup, then two inches, then three, then four.
他把糖移离杯子一英寸，然后是两英寸，然后是三英寸，然后是四英寸。
Where did responsibility for the killings end?
杀戮的责任到哪里去了？
Here (one inch) with Hitler and his generals?
这里（一英寸）是希特勒和他的将军们？
Here (two inches) with camp commandants, doctors, executioners?
这里（两英寸）有集中营指挥官、医生、刽子手？
Here (three inches) with military functionaries such as guards?
这里（三寸）有警卫等军事官员？
Or here (four inches) with non -military functionaries, the secretaries, telephone operators, and so on?
或者这里（四英寸）有非军事人员、秘书、电话接线员等？
The question is a live and urgent one in Germany because at this point it is really only the functionaries, the guards and secretaries, juvenile Nazis barely out of their teens when the regime collapsed, who may remain alive.
在德国，这个问题是一个现实而紧迫的问题，因为此时此刻，实际上只有官员、警卫和秘书，以及政权崩溃时才十几岁的纳粹少年，可能还活着。
Having lived this long, into an era of elevated national regret about the past, they are being fingered to bear what guilt there is that remains.
生活了这么久，进入了一个全国人民对过去高度悔恨的时代，他们被迫承担仍然存在的罪恶感。
Recently, for the first time in Germany’s history, a civilian employee of a Nazi camp was brought to trial as an accessory to mass murder.
最近，德国历史上首次有一名纳粹集中营的文职雇员作为大屠杀的同谋而受到审判。
Will was reluctant to speak of this civilian by name, so important did he consider her prosecution to the work of the bureau.
威尔不愿意提及这名平民的名字，他认为起诉她对调查局的工作非常重要。
“The typist,” he kept calling her, referring to a woman that the rest of Germany knew either as Irmgard Furchner or as die Sekretärin des Bösen, the secretary of evil.
“打字员”，他一直这样称呼她，指的是德国其他地方的一位女性，她要么是伊姆加德·富希纳，要么是邪恶秘书迪·塞克雷塔林·德·博森。
There have been strange trials resulting from probes begun in this bureau (one elderly former guard from the camps had to be pushed into court in a hospital bed), but none so strange as that of Furchner, which was adjudicated last winter.
该局开始的调查导致了一些奇怪的审判（集中营的一名年长的前警卫不得不躺在医院的病床上被推上法庭），但没有一个比去年冬天判决的富希纳案更奇怪。
When she worked for the Nazis she was in her teens.
当她为纳粹工作时，她才十几岁。
When she was indicted as an accessory to mass murder, she was in her 90s; arrangements would have to be made to get her from her nursing home to court in a van that could take a wheelchair.
当她被指控参与大规模谋杀时，她已经 90 多岁了；必须安排一辆可以容纳轮椅的面包车将她从疗养院送往法庭。
Her trial was scheduled to start in September 2021.
她的审判定于 2021 年 9 月开始。
The local courthouse was considered too small for the fuss that Furchner’s hearing was expected to generate, so on the appointed day, observers from around the world made the journey to a temporary courthouse rigged up for the occasion in a warehouse between grazing land for sheep and the No. 23 autobahn out of Hamburg.
当地法院被认为太小，无法容纳富希纳听证会预计会引起的喧闹，因此在指定的日子，来自世界各地的观察员前往临时法院，该法院是为这次听证会而搭建的，位于羊牧场和汉堡 23 号高速公路之间的一个仓库中。
Representatives of Holocaust survivors were in attendance.
大屠杀幸存者代表出席了会议。
Visiting diplomats.
来访的外交官。
Tons of reporters.
大量记者。
The knocked-together courtroom had been transformed for her trial with freshly painted stud walls.
为了对她进行审判，原来的法庭已经被改造过，墙壁粉刷一新。
It was wired for sound, perhaps to account for Furchner’s hearing difficulties.
它是为了声音而连接的，也许是为了解决福希纳的听力困难。
She would sit obediently in court encased by COVID-deterring plexiglass screens, flanked by a nurse and her attorneys.
她会乖乖地坐在法庭上，周围是抗新冠的有机玻璃屏幕，旁边是护士和她的律师。
So went the idea.
于是这个想法就被采纳了。
Early on the trial’s first day, it was obvious something was wrong.
审判第一天一开始，就明显出现了问题。
Furchner’s table was empty.
弗希纳的桌子是空的。
The judge turned on his microphone and told everyone, “Die Angeklagte ist flüchtig.” The defendant is on the run.
法官打开麦克风，告诉大家：“Die Angeklagte ist flüchtig。”被告目前在逃。
It took a while to piece together what had happened.
我花了一段时间才拼凑出发生的事情。
Very early in the morning, it seemed, before that police van arrived at Furchner’s nursing home to take her to court, she’d left the facility by taxi and traveled to a station on the Hamburg-bound metro.
一大清早，警车抵达富希纳的疗养院将她送上法庭之前，她似乎已经乘坐出租车离开疗养院，前往前往汉堡的地铁站。
From there she went into Hamburg itself, where city police would have been radioing each other about a fugitive: nonagenarian woman; white hair; uncertain mobility; wanted as an accessory to mass murder.
从那里她进入了汉堡，那里的城市警察会通过无线电互相通报一名逃犯：九十多岁的女人；白头发；不确定的流动性；作为大屠杀的同谋被通缉。
I was not able to interview Furchner for this story.
我无法就这个故事采访弗希纳。
Her attorney Wolf Molkentin advises her against talking to the media; meanwhile, staff at her nursing home turn away reporters on sight.
她的律师沃尔夫·莫尔肯廷建议她不要与媒体交谈；与此同时，她疗养院的工作人员一见到记者就将其拒之门外。
Had I met Furchner I would have asked her: Why run that day?
如果我遇到弗希纳，我会问她：为什么那天跑步？
Molkentin did agree to meet me.
莫尔肯廷确实同意与我见面。
He said of Furchner’s flight from justice: “It wasn’t flight, not in the strictest sense.
他谈到富希纳逃避正义的行为时说：“这不是逃跑，不是最严格意义上的逃跑。
She didn’t want to attend the trial so she went to Hamburg and waited to be arrested.
她不想参加审判，因此前往汉堡等待被捕。
She made a point.
她提出了一个观点。
It felt more like….
感觉更像是……
What’s the word?
这个词是什么？
Rebellion is too much.
叛逆太过分了。
Maybe I can say that her subjectivity was expressed by it.” After Hamburg police found Furchner walking along a street later that day, she was arrested and held for five nights in a cell until Molkentin could argue for her release.
或许我可以说，她的主观性就这样表现出来了。”当天晚些时候，汉堡警方发现弗希纳在街上行走，随后她被捕，并在牢房里关押了五个晚上，直到莫尔肯廷提出释放她的请求。
It was agreed she would wear a tracking device.
双方同意她将佩戴追踪设备。
The day that Furchner’s trial resumed, several weeks behind schedule, protesters from a neo-Nazi group appeared outside court to show support.
富希纳的审判比原定时间晚几周重新开始，当天，来自新纳粹组织的抗议者出现在法庭外以示支持。
Anti-fascists duly gathered in turn.
反法西斯分子依次聚集。
Inside, the indictment was read to her.
里面有人向她宣读了起诉书。
Furchner was charged with abetting the murder of 11,387 women, men, and children; in other words, she was being held jointly accountable for the deaths of every person confirmed to have died during her employment at a concentration camp.
Furchner 被指控教唆谋杀 11,387 名妇女、男子和儿童；换句话说，她要对她在集中营工作期间确认死亡的每一个人的死亡承担连带责任。
The camp in question was a place called Stutthof.
所涉及的营地是一个叫施图特霍夫的地方。
Will and I located it on his giant map: a remote blue dot in the northeastern corner of Nazi territory, close to the Baltic Sea and what is now the Polish city of Gdańsk.
威尔和我在他的巨型地图上找到了它：纳粹领土东北角的一个偏远蓝点，靠近波罗的海和现在的波兰城市格但斯克。
Neither the largest nor the deadliest of the camps, Stutthof was described by one survivor who’d also lived through Auschwitz as the cruelest.
施图特霍夫集中营既不是最大的集中营，也不是最致命的集中营，一位也经历过奥斯维辛集中营的幸存者将施图特霍夫集中营描述为最残酷的集中营。
It was built in 1939, and by 1942 it held tens of thousands of captive European Jews.
它建于 1939 年，到 1942 年关押了数万名被俘的欧洲犹太人。
As Will and I stood looking at its location on the map, it was almost 80 years to the day since Furchner first arrived in Stutthof to start her typing job.
当威尔和我站在地图上查看它的位置时，距离弗希纳第一次到达施图特霍夫开始她的打字工作已经过去了将近 80 年。
This was in 1943—the year that a section of Stutthof’s fence was electrified, the year the grounds were enlarged to accommodate a crematorium.
那是 1943 年，那一年施图特霍夫的一段栅栏通电，那一年场地被扩建以容纳火葬场。
Of the 64,000 people who would ultimately lose their lives in Stutthof, some were tricked to their deaths, ushered aboard a plausible-looking train and then gassed, or ordered to stand still to be measured before they were shot from behind.
最终在施图特霍夫丧生的 64,000 人中，有些人是被骗死的，被带上一列看似合理的火车，然后被毒气毒死，或者被命令站着不动接受测量，然后从后面开枪。
Most perished from malnourishment or disease in the barracks.
大多数人死于军营中的营养不良或疾病。
Furchner was 18 when she got there.
Furchner 到达那里时才 18 岁。
She had already worked in a bank in her home village, nearby, and she could type.
她已经在附近家乡的一家银行工作过，她会打字。
A photograph from this period shows a pale young woman wearing a dark dress, smiling as she posed in front of the brick-walled administration building that was now her daily place of work.
这一时期的一张照片显示，一位面色苍白的年轻女子穿着深色连衣裙，微笑着在砖墙行政大楼前摆姿势，那里现在是她日常工作的地方。
Furchner’s job was to take dictation from the camp commandant, Paul-Werner Hoppe, a figure who routinely wrote execution orders and arranged killings on-site.
富什纳的工作是接受集中营指挥官保罗-沃纳·霍普的口授，霍普经常在现场起草处决命令并安排杀戮。
Sometimes he dictated memorandums to his employees that combined the terrible and the mundane.
有时，他向员工口述备忘录，其中既有可怕的事情，也有平凡的事情。
There would be a cheerful announcement of someone’s promotion and on the same piece of typed paper (just another bullet point on an agenda) advice about the sorts of wagons that would be needed for a transport of prisoners to Auschwitz.
会有一个关于某人晋升的令人愉快的公告，并且在同一张打印纸上（只是议程上的另一个要点）关于将囚犯运送到奥斯威辛集中营所需的货车种类的建议。
“It is almost the hardest thing of all to think that these camps were also places of work,” a reporter named Florian Kleist told me.
“最难想到的是这些营地也是工作场所，”一位名叫弗洛里安·克莱斯特的记者告诉我。
Blond and boyish, in his 40s, Kleist is a reporter who writes for a group of local newspapers around Hamburg.
克莱斯特 40 多岁，金发碧眼，充满孩子气，是一名记者，为汉堡当地多家报纸撰稿。
He has made a close study of Furchner in recent years.
近年来他对弗希纳进行了仔细的研究。
“The camps were places where people fell in love or got pregnant,” he said.
“难民营是人们坠入爱河或怀孕的地方，”他说。
“They were places where people gossiped or were rivals.
“它们是人们闲聊或成为竞争对手的地方。
Normal work issues!
正常工作问题！
And 50 yards beyond the fence, prisoners were freezing, starving, being taken to be gassed.”
栅栏外 50 码处，囚犯们冻得瑟瑟发抖、饥饿难忍，甚至被送往毒气室。”
When the network of Nazi camps began to disintegrate in the spring of 1945, many of the prisoners left alive in Stutthof were marched west, away from liberation that was coming with Russia’s advancement from the east.
1945 年春天，当纳粹集中营网络开始瓦解时，许多留在施图特霍夫的囚犯被押往西部，远离随着俄罗斯从东部推进而带来的解放。
Some were drowned in the Baltic in deliberately scuttled ships.
有些人在波罗的海被故意凿沉的船只淹死。
According to credible evidence submitted during her trial, Furchner was one of the last employees to abandon Stutthof before its dissolution.
根据审判期间提交的可靠证据，富希纳是施图特霍夫解散前最后一批放弃的员工之一。
She left with her life laid out ahead of her; she left with a marriage prospect, having met an SS officer who also worked in the camp, a man named Heinz.
她离开时，她的生活已摆在她面前。她带着结婚的希望离开，结识了一位也在集中营工作的党卫军军官，名叫海因茨。
By the mid-1950s the two newlyweds had moved to a northern town in Germany called Schleswig, presumably eager to leave the past behind.
到 20 世纪 50 年代中期，这对新婚夫妇搬到了德国北部一个名叫石勒苏益格的小镇，想必是渴望将过去抛在脑后。
Heinrich Himmler, at center, chief of the Nazi Gestapo and principal architect of the Holocaust, on a tour of the Stutthof camp, where Irmgard Furchner would work as a young secretary.
海因里希·希姆莱（中）是纳粹盖世太保的首领和大屠杀的主要策划者，他正在参观施图特霍夫集中营，伊姆加德·福希纳曾在那里担任年轻秘书。
Courtesy of Muzeum Stutthof in Sztutowo Furchner carried on as an administrative worker, now in a hospital.
图片由斯图托沃施图特霍夫博物馆提供 富希纳 (Furchner) 继续担任行政人员，目前在一家医院工作。
According to submissions in court, she was said to be an impressively nimble typist, not that her hospital colleagues would ever have believed why.
根据法庭上提交的材料，据说她是一位令人印象深刻的敏捷打字员，但她的医院同事可能不会相信这是为什么。
The Furchners lived in a brick apartment building with a balcony.
富什纳一家住在一栋带阳台的砖砌公寓楼里。
Life marched on for the couple.
这对夫妇的生活还在继续。
Heinz died.
海因茨去世了。
Furchner retired and in 2014 she moved by herself into a nursing home, choosing a place on the fringes of an already fringe-like village called Quickborn.
Furchner 退休了，2014 年，她独自搬进了一家疗养院，并选择了一个位于奎克伯恩 (Quickborn) 村庄边缘的地方。
I visited the facility one day.
有一天我参观了该设施。
It is a modest complex of hedges, iron fences, and yellow-painted bungalows, nestled under a tall gray wall that partially deadens the roar of a nearby highway.
这是一座朴素的建筑群，由树篱、铁栅栏和黄色油漆的平房组成，坐落在一堵高大的灰色墙壁下，部分减弱了附近高速公路的轰鸣声。
I was there with Kleist and we walked around to a rear garden, noticing where the nursing home butted up against the big autobahn wall.
我和克莱斯特在那里，我们绕到后花园，注意到疗养院与高速公路大墙相撞的地方。
The setup made me think of those paranoid gangsters who were said to have sat with their backs to the wall of restaurants so they could see what was coming, fearful of unwanted surprises.
这种设置让我想起了那些偏执的歹徒，据说他们背靠着餐馆的墙坐着，这样他们就可以看到即将发生的事情，害怕出现意外的情况。
During her years in obscurity, Furchner had sometimes been visited by interrogators from different German justice departments who wanted information about goings-on in Stutthof during the war.
在默默无闻的岁月里，福希纳有时会受到来自德国不同司法部门的审讯人员的拜访，他们想要了解战争期间施图特霍夫发生的事情。
Formally questioned in the 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1980s, Furchner was encouraged to believe she had done nothing criminally wrong herself, an assumption that can only have been furthered by some astonishingly light punishments meted out to her superiors.
富希纳在 20 世纪 50 年代、1960 年代和 1980 年代受到正式质疑，她被鼓励相信自己没有犯下任何刑事错误，而只有对她的上级给予一些令人惊讶的轻微惩罚，才能进一步强化这种假设。
Hoppe, Stutthof’s commandant, was found in hiding in Switzerland after the war.
施图特霍夫的指挥官霍普在战后被发现躲藏在瑞士。
He was working there as a landscape gardener.
他在那里担任景观园丁。
Tried in Germany, he was sentenced to nine years in prison.
他在德国受审，被判处九年监禁。
Hoppe died in the 1970s a free man.
霍普于 20 世纪 70 年代以自由人身份去世。
He had casually, briskly, by memo, condemned thousands to their deaths.
他通过备忘录随意而轻快地判处了数千人死刑。
By ghoulish cosmic accident, Hoppe was himself brought to trial at a time of incomprehensible leniency.
由于可怕的宇宙事故，霍普本人在令人难以理解的宽大处理下受到审判。
The postwar decades produced some stirring tales of Nazis being hunted, hanged, imprisoned.
战后几十年发生了一些纳粹分子被追捕、绞死、监禁的激动人心的故事。
(Eichmann in Argentina.
（艾希曼在阿根廷。
Stangl in Brazil.) But these were also decades of timid sentences, scarcely believable foot-dragging, an “Aren’t we finished?” attitude in Germany that seemed to express a widely held desire to be done with the past.
巴西的斯坦格尔。）但这也是几十年来胆怯的句子，令人难以置信的拖沓，“我们还没结束吗？”德国的态度似乎表达了人们普遍希望结束过去的愿望。
With quiet, damning understatement, Will described all this to me as “the nonwork of former generations.” But he admitted that even while he regretted the investigative and judicial complacency of his forebears, he understood it a little.
威尔用一种安静的、可恶的轻描淡写的方式向我描述这一切是“前几代人的非工作成果”。但他承认，尽管他对前辈在调查和司法上的自满感到遗憾，但他还是有点理解的。
“That was another society.
“那是另一个社会。
It was partly a guilty society,” he said, shrugging.
这在一定程度上是一个有罪的社会，”他耸耸肩说道。
Then, about 20 years ago, the bureau patiently started enlarging the aperture of Holocaust guilt, persuading regional courts to prosecute smaller and smaller pieces of the Nazi killing machine, emboldened by each successful prosecution to go further.
然后，大约 20 年前，该局耐心地开始扩大大屠杀罪的范围，说服地区法院起诉纳粹杀人机器中越来越小的部分，每一次成功的起诉都鼓励他们走得更远。
Now guards, now accountants, now typists.
现在是警卫，现在是会计师，现在是打字员。
The investigation into Irmgard Furchner and her time at Stutthof began at the bureau in 2016.
该局于 2016 年开始对 Irmgard Furchner 及其在施图特霍夫的经历进行调查。
They had her name on file because she had testified decades earlier at the trial of the commandant, Hoppe.
他们将她的名字记录在案，因为她几十年前曾在指挥官霍普的审判中作证。
Next they had to persuade a prosecutor’s office to formally indict her, which occurred by 2017.
接下来，他们必须说服检察官办公室正式起诉她，这一点在 2017 年就发生了。
That’s when two uniformed cops and a prosecutor showed up at the nursing home and found Furchner in a bed in her room, watching television.
就在这时，两名身穿制服的警察和一名检察官出现在疗养院，发现福希纳躺在房间的床上，正在看电视。
There were talk shows on Germany’s main terrestrial channels that morning as well as dubbed reruns of Mike & Molly and The Big Bang Theory.
那天早上，德国主要地面频道播出了脱口秀节目，并重播了《迈克与莫莉》和《生活大爆炸》的配音节目。
While the cops searched her possessions, the prosecutor informed Furchner she would face trial.
当警察搜查她的财产时，检察官告诉弗奇纳她将面临审判。
According to later testimony, she replied by saying that it was lächerlich —ridiculous—and afterward wrote a letter to her trial judge, informing him she’d not be attending the trial, in order to spare herself “this embarrassment.”
根据后来的证词，她回答说这是“lächerlich”——荒谬——然后写了一封信给她的主审法官，通知他她不会参加审判，以免自己“陷入这种尴尬”。
After Furchner no-showed at her first court date and spent five nights in a cell, the trial got properly underway in the autumn of 2021.
福希纳第一次出庭时缺席并在牢房里待了五个晚上，之后审判于 2021 年秋季正常进行。
Apart from her occasional muttered complaints about malfunctioning audio equipment, some yeses and nos as the judge inquired after her health and her ability to continue, Furchner was rarely heard over the 14 months of the trial.
在 14 个月的审判中，除了偶尔咕哝着抱怨音频设备故障，以及在法官询问她的健康状况和是否有能力继续工作时，她的一些是和不是之外，她很少听到任何声音。
Instead, her attorney Wolf Molkentin spoke on her behalf.
相反，她的律师沃尔夫·莫尔肯廷代表她发言。
Molkentin argued that a young woman of the Third Reich would have been shielded from the purpose of Stutthof by her male superiors, men who we know liked to flatter themselves as sophisticates because they spoke of “special treatment” (never gassings) and “evacuations” (never death marches).
莫尔肯廷认为，第三帝国的年轻女性会受到男性上司的保护，免受施图特霍夫的影响，我们知道这些男性上司喜欢自诩为老练，因为他们谈到“特殊待遇”（从不使用毒气）和“疏散”（从不进行死亡行军）。
At one point, Molkentin quoted one of the most warped thinkers of the 20th century, Heinrich Himmler, on the subject of Nazi euphemism.
在谈到纳粹委婉语时，莫尔肯廷曾一度引用了 20 世纪最扭曲的思想家之一海因里希·希姆莱的话。
He told me he never expected to find himself advocating for an accused Nazi criminal, let alone quoting Himmler out loud.
他告诉我，他从未想过自己会为一名被指控的纳粹罪犯辩护，更不用说大声引用希姆莱的话了。
When he was contacted by a regional public prosecutors office and asked if he would defend Furchner, Molkentin said to himself, Not me.
当地区检察官办公室联系他并询问他是否愿意为富希纳辩护时，莫尔肯廷对自己说：“我不会。”
Out of the question.
毫无疑问。
Soon he started to worry what sort of attorney might say yes if attorneys like him said no. Molkentin was especially disturbed by the prospect of what he called “some rightist lawyer” using the trial as a stage from which to amplify who-knew-what, conspiracy theory, anti-history, Holocaust denial.
很快，他开始担心，如果像他这样的律师拒绝了，什么样的律师会同意。莫尔肯廷尤其感到不安的是，他所称的“某些右派律师”利用这次审判作为舞台，放大谁知道什么、阴谋论、反历史、否认大屠杀。
When he agreed to take Furchner as a client, he privately set himself certain constraints of behavior, promising himself that he would insist on exacting legal standards at every turn: to make the trial matter, to history-proof it.
当他同意接受富希纳作为委托人时，他私下给自己设定了一定的行为限制，并向自己承诺，他将在每一个环节坚持严格的法律标准：让审判变得重要，让历史证明它。
Molkentin took frequent walks in the woods during the trial, “trying not to think too much,” he told me.
莫尔肯廷在审判期间经常在树林里散步，“尽量不要想太多，”他告诉我。
He made no secret that he was an admirer of Will’s work at the Ludwigsburg bureau, adding that he felt Germany to be uniquely suited to a role as a standard-bearer against nationalism and warmongering around the world.
他毫不掩饰自己是威尔在路德维希堡分社工作的崇拜者，并补充说，他认为德国非常适合充当世界各地反对民族主义和好战行为的旗手。
“I have always had the notion that it is a merit or an advantage of the German people that we can object to certain tendencies because of our history….
“我一直认为，由于我们的历史，我们能够反对某些倾向，这是德国人民的优点或优势......
In Germany we can say that we know where it all leads.”
在德国，我们可以说我们知道一切的走向。”
Because of his defense of Furchner, he has received a lot of hate mail.
由于他为弗希纳辩护，他收到了大量仇恨邮件。
“Letters up to here,” he told me, raising his hand to shoulder height.
“信到这里，”他告诉我，并将手举到肩高。
“There was a message from an American Jewish woman who said I was sadistic, I was murdering the victims a second time.
“一位美国犹太妇女发来一条消息，说我是虐待狂，我正在第二次谋杀受害者。
How could I live with it?
我怎么能忍受它呢？
How could I sleep?” The question of sleep came up often during Furchner’s trial.
我怎么能睡得着呢？”在富希纳的审判过程中，睡眠问题经常出现。
As prosecuting lawyers sought to lay out the full squalid horror of Stutthof, they invited survivors to testify.
当控方律师试图揭露施图特霍夫事件的全部肮脏恐怖时，他们邀请幸存者作证。
People spoke of their fear, the hunger, barking dogs, outbreaks of typhus in the filthy barracks that were the result of a willed neglect almost as lethal as a bullet or a pellet of Zyklon B gas.
人们谈论着他们的恐惧、饥饿、狂吠的狗，以及在肮脏的营房里爆发的斑疹伤寒，这些都是由于故意疏忽而造成的，几乎与子弹或齐克隆 B 毒气一样致命。
Josef Salomonovic was six when he arrived by cattle car.
约瑟夫·萨洛莫诺维奇 (Josef Salomonovic) 乘运牛车到达时才六岁。
His father was murdered in the camp infirmary: injected in the heart with poison.
他的父亲在集中营医务室被谋杀：心脏被注射毒药。
Salomonovic told the court he still had nightmares about this.
萨洛莫诺维奇告诉法庭，他仍然会做噩梦。
Another child of the camp, Halina Strnad, spoke about watching a pregnant inmate die in labor.
营地的另一名孩子哈琳娜·斯特纳德 (Halina Strnad) 谈到了目睹一名怀孕囚犯死于分娩的经历。
The baby was stillborn.
婴儿死产了。
Somehow it fell to Strnad to dispose of the body, which she tried to do in the camp latrines.
不知何故，处理尸体的任务落到了斯特纳德的肩上，她试图在营地的厕所里做这件事。
Strnad told the court she still had nightmares.
斯特纳德告诉法庭，她仍然做噩梦。
Salomonovic testified against Furchner in person, carrying onto the stand a photograph of his murdered father.
萨洛莫诺维奇亲自作证指控富希纳，并在证人席上携带了一张他被谋杀的父亲的照片。
As for Strnad, she addressed the court by video link from her Australian home.
至于斯特纳德，她在澳大利亚家中通过视频连线向法庭发表讲话。
One of the main points in Furchner’s defense was that she was ignorant of any actual killings in the camp.
富希纳辩护的要点之一是她对集中营中发生的任何实际杀戮一无所知。
“I can’t imagine how it was possible not to know what was happening,” Strnad countered.
“我无法想象怎么可能不知道发生了什么，”斯特纳德反驳道。
“There was a constant stench of burned corpses.” Not long after speaking these words to the court, Strnad died at the age of 92.
“那里一直弥漫着尸体被烧焦的恶臭。”在向法庭说出这些话后不久，斯特纳德就去世了，享年 92 岁。
She did not live long enough to hear the verdict that was reached in December 2022, when Furchner was found guilty on almost all of the 11,387 counts, pending appeal.
她没能活到听到 2022 年 12 月做出的判决，当时 Furchner 被判对 11,387 项罪名中的几乎所有罪名有罪，等待上诉。
Will and I were riding north through Germany by train, to the university town of Mainz.
威尔和我乘火车向北穿过德国，到达美因茨大学城。
He had been invited there to address a group of journalism students about his investigative techniques.
他被邀请去那里向一群新闻系学生讲述他的调查技巧。
He wore navy tweed for the occasion.
他在这个场合穿了海军蓝花呢衣服。
His black leather satchel matched his shoes.
他的黑色皮挎包与他的鞋子很相配。
We had to ourselves one of those closed-door compartments that make journeys by European rail so seductive.
我们拥有一间封闭的车厢，这让欧洲铁路旅行变得如此诱人。
Something about the privacy of the carriage encouraged Will to open up about his life.
马车的私密性鼓励威尔敞开心扉讲述他的生活。
He talked about his children (two doctors and a lawyer) and his soccer team, the low-flying Nürnberg, based in Nuremberg where Will spent some of his youth.
他谈到了他的孩子（两名医生和一名律师）和他的足球队——低空飞行的纽伦堡队，总部设在纽伦堡，威尔在那里度过了一些青年时期。
When I asked how it affected him, being a young man in that city made infamous by its Nazi rallies and then renowned again as the site of the Allied trials, where members of the regime’s high command met justice at the gallows, Will said: “For me the history was always present.
当我问这对他有何影响时，威尔说：“对我来说，历史一直存在。”
Fascinating, not in an admiring way but in a way that made me want to understand what happened and why it happened.
令人着迷，不是以钦佩的方式，而是以让我想要了解发生了什么以及为什么会发生的方式。
That was one of the emotions and ideas behind coming to Ludwigsburg.”
这就是来到路德维希堡的情感和想法之一。”
Most investigators who land in the Ludwigsburg bureau are there on reassignment from other jobs in the judiciary.
大多数进入路德维希堡分局的调查员都是从司法部门的其他工作调动过来的。
They stay for two or three years, working as elderly-Nazi detectives before returning to their former careers.
他们在那里待了两三年，担任年长的纳粹侦探，然后又回到原来的职业生涯。
Those I spoke to about their reasons for applying to work in Will’s bureau tended to express a sort of bruised wonderment at Germany’s dark past and a desire to understand it better, from the front lines or what remained of them.
与我交谈过的那些申请在威尔的分局工作的原因的人往往表达了对德国黑暗过去的一种伤痕累累的惊奇，并渴望从前线或他们剩下的地方更好地了解它。
When Will came he vacated a judge’s chair in Dessau.
威尔到来后，他腾出了德绍法官的职位。
He never went back.
他再也没有回去。
Instead he spent his first years at the bureau digging into war crimes that were committed by Germans in Italy.
相反，他在该局的头几年都在调查德国人在意大利犯下的战争罪行。
Italy became Will’s turf.
意大利成了威尔的地盘。
He tried to solve the murder of some of Albert Einstein’s relatives, killed by Nazi troops in a Florentine villa in 1944.
1944 年，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一些亲戚在佛罗伦萨的一座别墅中被纳粹军队杀害，他试图侦破这起谋杀案。
He looked into the case of an undercover SS agent who was said to have infiltrated and betrayed a group of Italian partisans.
他调查了一名党卫军卧底特工的案件，据说该特工渗透并背叛了一群意大利游击队。
While in Italy, he sat in on the trial of a German ex-soldier accused of executing Italian civilians.
在意大利期间，他旁听了一名被指控处决意大利平民的德国前士兵的审判。
“I got into a conversation with an elderly lady who told me that members of her family had been shot and killed during these events,” Will recalled.
“我与一位老太太交谈，她告诉我，她的家人在这些事件中被枪杀，”威尔回忆道。
“She only survived herself because she lay under corpses.” During a break in the trial, this lady told Will she didn’t mind so much if the accused man was convicted or not, nor if he spent time in prison.
“她之所以能活下来，是因为她躺在尸体下面。”在审判间隙，这位女士告诉威尔，她不太介意被告是否被定罪，也不太介意他是否在监狱里呆过。
The lady told Will she just wanted history “brought to a lawful, legitimate end.” He never forgot that, a lawful, legitimate end.
这位女士告诉威尔，她只是希望历史“有一个合法、合法的结局”。他永远不会忘记这一点，一个合法的、正当的结局。
Our train to Mainz moved slowly through a forest.
我们去美因茨的火车缓慢地穿过一片森林。
Later it stopped near an asparagus field.
后来它停在一片芦笋田附近。
We seemed to be running behind schedule, and when an announcement by the conductor confirmed this, Will looked at his wristwatch and tutted.
我们似乎落后于预定时间，当售票员的宣布证实了这一点时，威尔看了看手表，发出了啧啧声。
He checked what time he was supposed to be speaking to the students.
他查了一下自己应该在什么时间向学生们讲话。
“You do what you can,” he said to nobody in particular, “and sometimes you are too late.” It might have been a motto for his midlife’s work as a detective.
“你尽你所能，”他对任何人特别说，“有时你已经太晚了。”这可能是他中年侦探工作的座右铭。
If trials could be an antidote to atrocity, if they could be an ointment that would relieve societal pain, why had it taken the German state so long to hold its aging Nazis to account?
如果审判可以成为暴行的解药，如果可以成为缓解社会痛苦的药膏，那么为什么德国政府花了这么长时间才追究年迈的纳粹分子的责任？
The question was the first thing asked of Will when he got to Mainz.
这个问题是威尔到达美因茨后被问到的第一个问题。
The waiting students leaned forward at their desks, questioning Will with impressive talent.
等待的学生们在课桌前倾身向前，以令人印象深刻的才华向威尔提问。
He rose to the occasion, giving candid answers where he could.
他挺身而出，尽可能地给出了坦诚的答案。
He was asked about those targets of his investigations, Furchner included, who were found guilty of Holocaust crimes but who later appealed their convictions.
他被问及他的调查目标，包括富希纳，这些人被判犯有大屠杀罪，但后来对定罪提出上诉。
“Do they appeal because they claim they didn’t do it?” somebody asked.
“他们会因为声称自己没有这么做而提出上诉吗？”有人问。
“Or do they appeal because they are convinced that what they did back then was right?
“或者他们上诉是因为他们确信自己当时的做法是正确的？
Do people ever sit there and admit, ‘I really fucked up’?”
人们会坐在那里承认‘我真的搞砸了’吗？”
Will could not think of a single example of anybody admitting they really fucked up.
威尔想不出有任何人承认自己真的搞砸了的例子。
Instead he described what sounded like a tendency toward denial, especially among the elderly accused who were in their 80s or 90s by the time they were brought before a judge.
相反，他描述了一种听起来像是否认的倾向，尤其是在被带见法官时已经 80 或 90 多岁的老年被告中。
It could “shake [their] whole worldview,” Will explained, to find out that standards had changed, that their low-level participation in the running of a camp had become a high-level crime, something monstrous.
威尔解释说，发现标准发生了变化，他们对营地管理的低级参与已经变成了高级犯罪，是一种可怕的事情，这可能“动摇他们的整个世界观”。
The German historian Simone Erpel once interviewed ex-guards of concentration camps and later made the interesting observation that, while these guards could remember the names of dogs on-site (Rex, Kastor, Satan), they couldn’t remember the name of a single prisoner.
德国历史学家西蒙娜·埃尔佩尔（Simone Erpel）曾经采访过集中营的前看守，后来做了一个有趣的观察：虽然这些看守可以记住现场狗的名字（雷克斯、卡斯特、撒旦），但他们却记不住任何一个囚犯的名字。
According to court testimony, Irmgard Furchner once claimed not to remember any of the documents she’d typed up for the camp commandant.
根据法庭证词，伊姆加德·福什纳曾声称不记得她为集中营指挥官打印的任何文件。
Maybe some orders for gardening supplies.
也许有一些园艺用品的订单。
One of the students in Mainz—I’ll call her Sabrina—asked a perceptive question of Will.
美因茨的一名学生——我称她为萨布丽娜——向威尔提出了一个富有洞察力的问题。
Did people ever find out what their own living relatives had done during the war and then inform the Ludwigsburg bureau?
人们是否曾了解自己活着的亲戚在战争期间做了什么，然后通知路德维希堡局？
Perhaps we were all thinking of our grandparents in that moment.
也许那一刻我们都在想念我们的祖父母。
I was.
我是。
I was thinking how just before I left home in England to fly to Germany and meet these people, my 95-year-old Jewish grandmother had asked me: “Will you be safe?” Even as I disagreed with the premise of her question, even as I reassured her that the era of Hitler and the Nazis was long over, that the average German was no more anti-Jew than she was, I could recognize where her anxiety came from.
我在想，就在我离开英国的家飞往德国与这些人见面之前，我 95 岁的犹太祖母问我：“你安全吗？”即使我不同意她问题的前提，即使我向她保证希特勒和纳粹的时代早已结束，普通德国人并不比她更反犹太人，但我还是能认出她的焦虑来自哪里。
Germany’s fascist era was brief, maybe a dozen years from spark to immolation.
德国的法西斯时代很短暂，从火花到自焚可能只有十几年。
But the tail of that era is long and barbed; it reaches out to swipe at people today.
但那个时代的尾巴又长又带刺；今天它伸出手来攻击人们。
In my immediate family there are children and grandchildren of Holocaust victims.
我的直系亲属中有大屠杀受害者的子孙。
The subject comes up over dinner.
这个话题是在晚餐时出现的。
We sometimes discuss it at picnics.
我们有时会在野餐时讨论这个问题。
After Will’s seminar was over, he walked away from the university with some of the faculty and students to get something to eat.
威尔的研讨会结束后，他和一些教职员工和学生一起离开大学去吃点东西。
I fell into step with Sabrina, who reminisced about her own grandmother, a teenager during the 1930s, always hungry.
我和 Sabrina 步调一致，她回忆起自己的祖母，她是 20 世纪 30 年代的青少年，总是很饿。
She came close to joining the Hitler Youth for the meals, Sabrina said.
萨布丽娜说，她差点就和希特勒青年团一起吃饭了。
In the end she became a nurse and that became her story.
最终她成为了一名护士，这成了她的故事。
It might have been a different one.
这可能是另一回事。
It was on that same trip to Mainz that I asked Will to think about a counterfactual.
正是在去美因茨的同一次旅行中，我要求威尔考虑一个反事实的问题。
On the train I’d asked him, what if he’d been born a few decades earlier?
在火车上我问他，如果他早出生几十年怎么办？
What if Hitler’s army had conscripted him and sent him to work in a camp such as Stutthof?
如果希特勒的军队征召了他，并把他送到施图特霍夫这样的集中营工作怎么办？
Would he have gone?
他会走吗？
Would he have stayed?
他会留下来吗？
“I don’t know,” Will answered.
“我不知道，”威尔回答。
He looked out of the window at the scenery.
他看着窗外的风景。
There are many people in Germany who feel that marginal abettors of the Nazi regime, elderly accessories like Furchner, ought to be left alone.
德国有很多人认为，纳粹政权的边缘教唆者、像富希纳这样的老年同伙应该不受干扰。
What choice did they have at the time?
他们当时有什么选择呢？
Wouldn’t they only have been murdered themselves if they refused to take part?
如果他们不肯参加的话，不就只有自己被杀了吗？
Will and others have pointed out that it was only prisoners in the camps who risked execution if they refused duties that kept these sites functional.
威尔和其他人指出，只有集中营中的囚犯如果拒绝履行维持这些场所正常运转的职责，就会面临被处决的危险。
The vast majority of camp guards, as many as 95 percent, according to historian Stefan Hördler, had an option to volunteer for combat service instead.
据历史学家斯特凡·霍德勒 (Stefan Hördler) 称，绝大多数集中营警卫（高达 95%）可以选择志愿参军。
Meanwhile, female employees of the camps were always designated as civilians, which means they could have chosen to work somewhere else, Hördler has said.
霍德勒表示，与此同时，难民营的女性雇员总是被指定为平民，这意味着她们可以选择在其他地方工作。
When Furchner was interrogated in her nursing home in 2017, she said: “I was called and I had to go.” If she was told at the time her employment in Stutthof was mandatory, she was lied to.
2017 年，当弗奇纳在疗养院接受审问时，她说：“我被叫了，我必须去。”如果她当时被告知她在施图特霍夫的工作是强制性的，那么她就被骗了。
Having arrived there, having stayed there, she was expressing a choice, Will believed.
威尔相信，到达那里，呆在那里，她正在表达一种选择。
“I think it makes a difference if you were sent to a camp and you stayed,” he said on the train outside Mainz.
“我认为，如果你被送到集中营并留下来，情况会有所不同，”他在美因茨郊外的火车上说道。
He turned his attention away from the window.
他把注意力从窗户上移开。
When he was a judge in Dessau, he told me, every type of person passed through his court.
他告诉我，当他在德绍担任法官时，各种类型的人都经过他的法庭。
Killers.
杀手。
Crooks.
骗子。
There was a man accused of raping a pony.
有一名男子被指控强奸一匹小马。
That trial hinged on video evidence.
该审判取决于视频证据。
“Not a wonderful film for me to watch,” Will said.
“对我来说这不是一部精彩的电影，”威尔说。
“Human beings, we have everything in us.
“人类，我们拥有一切。
During the war, when a new guard was sent to work in a camp, they might tend to find it strange at first.
战争期间，当新警卫被派往集中营工作时，他们一开始可能会觉得奇怪。
Many of them were friendly to the prisoners.
他们中的许多人对囚犯很友好。
Then, after a little while, they were brutal.
然后，过了一会儿，他们就变得残酷了。
Your surroundings change you.
你的周围环境改变了你。
Your colleagues change you.
你的同事改变了你。
Friendly, harmless people become capable of killing.
友善、无害的人变得有能力杀人。
Isn’t that fascinating?
这不是很有趣吗？
That it can happen to normal people, as normal as you or me?”
它会发生在普通人身上，就像你我一样正常吗？”
While reporting on the Furchner trial, Florian Kleist had brought along his eldest daughter to watch some of the proceedings.
在报道富希纳案的审判时，弗洛里安·克莱斯特带着他的大女儿观看了部分诉讼过程。
Kleist wanted her to understand a little better her country and, indeed, her species.
克莱斯特希望她能更好地了解她的国家，甚至她的种族。
The Furchner case upturned his thinking about the Holocaust, Kleist told me, finally making sense of the number of people the Nazis were able to murder in a mere 12 years in power.
克莱斯特告诉我，富希纳案颠覆了他对大屠杀的看法，最终让他明白了纳粹在执政仅仅 12 年的时间里就能够谋杀多少人。
“This genocide wasn’t efficient because of the crazy people at the top,” he said.
“由于高层的疯狂，这场种族灭绝效率不高，”他说。
“It was efficient because every day, thousands of Germans like Frau Furchner showed up at an office and did their jobs.
“这是高效的，因为每天都有成千上万像弗劳·福希纳这样的德国人出现在办公室并完成他们的工作。
This is why they got so far.
这就是他们走到今天的原因。
This genocide.
这次种族灭绝。
It was so…so ordinary.
实在是太……太普通了。
” He hoped her case would lay a new inscription on the past: that ordinary people did this too.
他希望她的事例能够给过去留下新的印记：普通人也这么做了。
He hoped it would send a different sort of message to the future: that ordinary people could do this too.
他希望这能向未来传递一种不同的信息：普通人也能做到这一点。
Will and I were together in his office, discussing his own future, when he stood up from the table, hoisted his trousers by the belt, and announced he would take us out for Käsespätzle.
威尔和我一起在他的办公室里，讨论他自己的未来，这时他从桌子上站起来，拉起裤子的腰带，宣布他要带我们出去参加 Käsespätzle。
It was a crisp spring day: The dandelions were out.
那是一个春光明媚的日子：蒲公英已经长出来了。
We walked to his favorite cafeteria to find a line of maybe 100 hungry government employees who’d all had the exact same idea.
我们走到他最喜欢的自助餐厅，发现大约有 100 名饥饿的政府雇员在排队，他们都有着完全相同的想法。
“People like to eat Käsespätzle,” Will observed.
“人们喜欢吃 Käsesspätzle，”威尔观察到。
He led us to another spot where they were serving brats and vinegary lentils.
他带我们去了另一个地方，那里供应小孩子和醋扁豆。
We sat among uniformed cops.
我们坐在穿着制服的警察中间。
A case against another elderly Nazi had recently fallen apart after months of work, Will admitted to me that day.
威尔那天向我承认，经过几个月的工作，针对另一名老年纳粹分子的案件最近失败了。
The accused, 99 years old and a former guard at a camp called Ravensbrück, died right as preliminary legal proceedings were about to begin.
被告现年 99 岁，曾任拉文斯布吕克 (Ravensbrück) 集中营看守，在初步法律诉讼即将开始时死亡。
“I thought it could get to trial, but it was not to be,” Will said, with a shake of the head.
“我以为它可以进入审判，但事实并非如此，”威尔摇摇头说道。
“I am not absent of emotion.
“我并不缺乏情感。
I think to myself, Oh, such a pity.
我心里想，唉，真是可惜了。
But that doesn’t help.
但这没有帮助。
It’s no use.” He agreed with my suggestion; it was perfectly possible that Irmgard Furchner would turn out to be the last ever person tried for Nazi crimes.
没有用的。”他同意了我的建议；伊姆加德·福希纳很有可能成为最后一个因纳粹罪行而受审的人。
He hoped not.
他希望不会。
At the bureau they’d spent time investigating a 97-year-old who guarded the Neuengamme camp.
在调查局，他们花了很多时间调查一名看守诺因加默集中营的 97 岁老人。
That case was currently with a public prosecutor.
该案目前正在由检察官审理。
There were four other active cases moving slowly toward regional courts, though the accused involved were between 98 and 101 years old and at any moment one or another of them might die and be condemned to the archives, put among the thousands of investigations turned cold.
还有另外四起正在审理中的案件正在慢慢向地区法院移交，尽管涉案被告的年龄在 98 岁到 101 岁之间，其中一个或另一个随时可能死亡并被送入档案馆，与数千项调查一起搁置。
Will was used to this part of the job, he said.
威尔已经习惯了这部分工作，他说。
Since the start of his tenure at the bureau he’d experienced the forced severing of many a dangling thread.
自从他在该局任职以来，他经历了许多悬而未决的线索被强行切断的经历。
There was the ex-soldier who wrote Will a letter to protest his innocence, and afterward shot himself with an old service revolver.
有一位退伍军人给威尔写了一封信，抗议自己的清白，然后用一把旧的军用左轮手枪开枪自杀。
There were the wanted German émigrés found living in quiet retirement in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and small-town Tennessee, each of whom died before they could be extradited.
一些被通缉的德国移民在明尼苏达州、宾夕法尼亚州和田纳西州的小镇过着平静的退休生活，他们都在被引渡之前死亡。
When I first met Will, I had wondered why on earth he and his colleagues continued to put in so much effort under conditions that were increasingly futile.
当我第一次见到威尔时，我想知道他和他的同事到底为什么在越来越徒劳的情况下继续付出如此多的努力。
They were stuck on one of history’s stranger cul-de-sacs, hastening toward a visible dead end that came closer every day.
他们被困在历史上最奇怪的死胡同之一，正急速走向一条日益逼近的明显死胡同。
Now I saw that the effort was the point.
现在我发现努力才是重点。
Their work is a gesture.
他们的工作是一种姿态。
It is supposed to be noticed by those who would commit war crimes now or in the future.
那些现在或将来犯下战争罪行的人应该注意到这一点。
It is a warning to wavering abettors, that a killing can be passive as well as active, brought about by standing guard at a gate or tapping at keys on a typewriter.
这是对摇摆不定的教唆犯的一个警告，杀戮可以是被动的，也可以是主动的，通过在门口站岗或敲击打字机上的按键来实现。
The work done in Will’s office is a quiet but noble statement for the record: If you put people in pens, if you help kill their dads or their babies, then someone somewhere will sit in a room one day and sift through a million files to learn your name.
威尔办公室所做的工作是一份安静但崇高的声明：如果你把人们关在围栏里，如果你帮助杀死他们的父亲或婴儿，那么有一天，某个地方的某个人会坐在一个房间里，筛选一百万份文件来了解你的名字。
The work is a knot in a handkerchief, a bright yellow Post-it on the wall, a smartphone alarm set to tinkle all the fucking time.
这件作品是手帕上的一个结、墙上一张亮黄色的便利贴、一个一直响个不停的智能手机闹钟。
During the Furchner trial, the late writer Milan Kundera was quoted on “the struggle of memory against forgetting”; in other words, how the bastards only win if we misremember or stop remembering their crimes.
在富希纳审判期间，已故作家米兰·昆德拉（Milan Kundera）被引用“记忆与遗忘的斗争”；换句话说，只有我们记错或不再记得他们的罪行，这些混蛋才能获胜。
In Will’s bureau, they work against the forgetting, they keep alive the struggle.
在威尔的办公室里，他们致力于对抗遗忘，让斗争保持活力。
When the last person of interest to him dies, when every case is archived and cold, Will’s team will disband.
当他最后一个感兴趣的人去世时，当每个案件都被存档并冷落时，威尔的团队就会解散。
Their building may become a museum, he guessed.
他猜测，他们的建筑可能会成为一座博物馆。
He was due to be visited by a ministerial aide from the German capital soon, who would help decide next steps.
德国首都的一位部长助理很快就会拜访他，他将帮助决定下一步的行动。
Such decisions were for others, over his head, Will said.
威尔说，这样的决定是由其他人来做的，而不是他的职责。
He had investigative work still to do.
他还有调查工作要做。
New leads had recently landed on his desk, an unexpected late bounty, something like 2,500 names belonging to people who once received their wages from a savings account connected to the Ravensbrück camp.
最近，他的办公桌上出现了新的线索，这是一份意想不到的迟来的赏金，大约有 2,500 个名字，这些名字属于那些曾经从与拉文斯布吕克集中营有关的储蓄账户领取工资的人。
Some of them, surely, must still be alive.
当然，其中一些人肯定还活着。
Tom Lamont , a frequent contributor to GQ, is based in London.
汤姆·拉蒙特 (Tom Lamont) 常驻伦敦，经常为《GQ》撰稿。
His debut novel, Going Home, is forthcoming from Sceptre in the UK.
他的处女作《回家》即将由英国 Scepter 出版社出版。
A version of this story originally appeared in the October 2023 issue of GQ with the title “The Race to Catch the Last Nazis”
这个故事的一个版本最初出现在 2023 年 10 月号的《GQ》上，标题为“追捕最后的纳粹分子”