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Beamer, Dressman, Bodybag

投影仪、礼服师、腰包
投影仪、礼服师、腰包  ·  Alexander Wells  ·  April 19, 2023  ·  官方页  ·  存档源

On the unexpected joys of Denglisch, Berlinglish & global Englisch.

关于 Denglisch、Berlinglish 和全球英语的意外乐趣。

« My own language, made camp.

« 我自己的语言,让营地。

»

»

On the unexpected joys of Denglisch, Berlinglish & global Englisch

关于 Denglisch、Berlinglish 和全球英语的意外乐趣

Whenever I leave my Berlin apartment, the first thing I see is a sign saying CHICKEN HAUS BURGER; the second is a café blackboard announcing: « You can’t buy happiness but you can buy CROIFFLE and that’s kind of the same thing.

每当我离开柏林的公寓时,我首先看到的就是一个牌子,上面写着“CHICKEN HAUS BURGER”;第二个是咖啡馆的黑板上写着:“你买不到幸福,但你可以买 CROIFFLE,这是同一件事。

» A billboard advertises an upcoming film as « ein STATEMENT für GIRLPOWER »; one shop promises a wide range of Funsocken.

» 一块广告牌将即将上映的电影宣传为“ein STATMENT für GIRLPOWER”;一家商店承诺提供多种 Funsocken。

Rather more disturbing — particularly here in Neukölln, a neighbourhood copiously populated by leftie Americans and families from the Middle East — is the Arabic-German barber shop called WHITE BOSS.

更令人不安的是一家名为“WHITE BOSS”的阿拉伯裔德国理发店,尤其是在新克尔恩这个居住着大量左派美国人和中东家庭的社区。

And when I go downtown to the bookstore where I occasionally host readings, the only good coffee nearby is served by a place unbelievably named PURE ORIGINS.

当我去市中心偶尔举办读书会的书店时,附近唯一的好咖啡是一家令人难以置信的名为 PURE ORIGINS 的地方提供的。

I am at my desk, red pen in hand, mulling over a question of usage.

我坐在办公桌前,手里拿着红笔,思考着一个使用问题。

The German word for pedestrians is Fußgänger .

德语中行人的单词是 Fußgänger 。

Do Berlin expats know that?

柏林的外国人知道吗?

Have I ever overheard one say it?

我曾无意中听到有人这么说过吗?

If the expats won’t understand it, I can’t leave it in this little news feature about traffic reform.

如果外国人不明白,我不能把它留在这个关于交通改革的小新闻专题中。

It’s a strange gig, editing pages for Berlin’s English-language print monthly.

这是一份奇怪的工作,为柏林的英文印刷月刊编辑页面。

We assume our readers know a few German phrases — many have lived here for years — but we cannot assume fluency, obviously, otherwise we’d be publishing in German, or indeed not at all.

我们假设我们的读者知道一些德语短语——许多人已经在这里生活了很多年——但显然我们不能假设他们能流利地使用德语,否则我们就会用德语出版,或者根本就不会。

Using bits of local language in our pages avoids repetition and adds colour; it also helps generate a sense of community — this isn’t just some anglo mag, it’s a mag for Berliners, auf Englisch .

在我们的页面中使用一些当地语言可以避免重复并增加色彩;它还有助于产生一种社区意识——这不仅仅是一本英语杂志,它是一本为柏林人准备的、关于英语的杂志。

It’s a rather ironic way for me to pay the bills.

对我来说,这是一种相当讽刺的支付账单的方式。

I did German history at university; I moved here to inhabit the land of Goethe, Neu!

我在大学学的是德国历史;我搬到这里居住在歌德的土地上,新!

and Judith Schalansky.

和朱迪思·沙兰斯基。

And here I am now, making my living — as an editor, occasional translator, anglophone critic of German literature — in the cracks between the languages, materially reliant on the existence of thousands of Berliners and Berlin-watchers who don’t speak the national tongue.

而我现在在这里,作为一名编辑、偶尔的翻译、德国文学的英语评论家,在两种语言之间的缝隙中谋生,物质上依赖于成千上万不会说本民族语言的柏林人和柏林观察者的存在。

Which is not to say that Berlin’s English-language readers — the natively anglophones plus many whose first language is Swedish, Spanish, Turkish or Arabic — do not know German at all.

这并不是说柏林的英语读者——以英语为母语的人,加上许多第一语言是瑞典语、西班牙语、土耳其语或阿拉伯语的人——根本不懂德语。

The Berlinglish they speak is informal English, slightly simplified, full of swears, nightlife slang and loan words — mostly adopted from German.

他们说的柏林英语是非正式英语,略显简化,充满脏话、夜生活俚语和借用词——大部分是从德语中借用的。

Knowing the contours of this dialect is no small part of my editing work.

了解这种方言的轮廓是我编辑工作的不小的一部分。

Taken together, its German-to-English loans register all the points of cultural interface that an expat life simply cannot avoid — Rundfunk, Finanzamt, Anmeldung — as well as some that have made it across on account of their own attractive promises: Spätkauf, Flohmarkt, Falafelteller, Wegbier .

总而言之,它的德英贷款记录了侨民生活无法避免的所有文化交汇点——Rundfunk、Finanzamt、Anmeldung——以及一些因其自身有吸引力的承诺而得以实现的元素:Spätkauf、Flohmarkt、Falafelteller、Wegbier。

The English spoken by those newcomers who settle here and end up making some German friends and studying the language — it also absorbs subtler influences from German.

那些在这里定居并最终结交一些德国朋友并学习该语言的新移民所讲的英语——它也吸收了德语的微妙影响。

The other day my friend S., an American Berliner, said that he had noticed his English-language social circle starting to use the word « spontaneously » wrong.

有一天,我的朋友 S.,一位美国柏林人,说他注意到他的英语社交圈开始错误地使用“自发”这个词。

When Germans say they’ll organise a social event spontan , they mean they’ll work out the details at short notice.

当德国人说他们将组织一场自发的社交活动时,他们的意思是他们将在短时间内制定出细节。

To socialise spontaneously, in English, means something rather different.

在英语中,自发地社交意味着完全不同的东西。

But S.

但是S。

and I and our Neukölln friends have started using it in the sense of spontan.

我和我们的新克尔恩朋友已经开始在自发的意义上使用它。

« OK cool text me Sunday and we’ll choose a place spontaneously .

« 好吧,周日给我发短信,我们会自发选择一个地方。

» This error is becoming part of our little language, our ultra-local dialect, just among us.

» 这个错误正在成为我们小语言、我们超地方方言的一部分,就在我们中间。

Of course, like anywhere else, it’s the movement of language in the other direction that tends to raise hackles.

当然,和其他地方一样,语言向另一个方向的移动往往会引起愤怒。

Recently a share-flat ad went viral for demanding that anyone who moves in must use anglicism-free German.

最近,一则合租公寓广告迅速走红,广告要求任何搬进来的人都必须使用不含英语的德语。

The conservative former health minister, Jens Spahn, hit the headlines complaining that there were cafés in Berlin where you could not order without knowing English.

保守派前卫生部长詹斯·斯潘 (Jens Spahn) 登上头条,抱怨柏林有一些咖啡馆,不懂英语就无法点餐。

When I first arrived in Germany, I too was cranky about Denglisch, complaining to any German I could find about both Anglizismen and the refusal of certain expats to try learning the language.

当我第一次到达德国时,我也对 Denglisch 很恼火,向我能找到的任何德国人抱怨英语主义和某些外国人拒绝尝试学习这门语言。

I was determined for them to understand how different I was from those other foreigners, ruining their city and language.

我决心让他们了解我与其他外国人有多么不同,破坏了他们的城市和语言。

I have since stopped taking Denglisch so seriously.

从那时起我就不再那么认真地对待Denglisch了。

In the highly multicultural, highly Jens Spahn-baiting district of Neukölln, Denglisch has even begun to feel normal, until the moments when it doesn’t.

在新克尔恩 (Neukölln) 文化高度多元、深受延斯·斯潘 (Jens Spahn) 喜爱的地区,Denglisch 甚至开始让人感觉很正常,直到有些时候却不再正常。

Anytime a language shifts its borders, japesters and salespeople rush into that new space.

每当一种语言改变其边界时,说笑者和销售人员都会涌入这个新空间。

German social media loves to mock awful Denglisch marketing attempts: « Law is in the air », announced one otherwise German legal academy ad.

德国社交媒体喜欢嘲笑可怕的 Denglisch 营销尝试:“空气中弥漫着法律”,德国法律学院的一则广告如此宣称。

But when the bilingual puns are good, they’re good — and enhanced by the thrill of belonging.

但当双语双关语很好时,它们就很好——而且会因归属感而增强。

I love this one billboard ad for classic indie radio that reads Everybody hörts (« everyone listens to it »), and I love it not only because I like the pun, but because I feel a surge of pride that I’m in on the joke, that maybe I do really speak German.

我喜欢这个经典独立电台的广告牌广告,上面写着“Everybody hörts”(“每个人都听它”),我喜欢它不仅因为我喜欢这个双关语,而且因为我对自己参与这个笑话感到一种自豪,也许我真的会说德语。

This is exactly the effect that they’re going for, I suppose, just flipped 180 degrees.

我想这正是他们想要的效果,只是翻转了 180 度。

I can certainly understand the novelty factor.

我当然可以理解新颖因素。

Growing up in Australia, I took to learning German with inexplicable vigor.

我在澳大利亚长大,我以莫名的热情开始学习德语。

There was no particular reason, personal or geopolitical, to do so.

这样做没有任何特殊的个人或地缘政治原因。

My friends from football said it was easy, and then I liked the teacher, and then I liked the language.

我的足球朋友说这很容易,然后我喜欢老师,然后我喜欢这种语言。

Nobody in my family had a foreign language; nobody I knew, except my teacher, spoke German.

我家里没有人会外语;除了我的老师之外,我认识的人都不会说德语。

I read a quote dubiously attributed to Charlemagne: « to learn another language is to possess a second soul.

我读过一句疑似查理曼大帝的名言:“学习另一种语言就是拥有第二个灵魂。”

» Generally an inhibited person, I was able to open up in oral exams — perhaps I lacked the linguistic guile to dodge difficult questions.

» 一般来说,我是一个内向的人,但在口语考试中却能够敞开心扉——也许我缺乏回避困难问题的语言技巧。

I watched music videos online, endangering my otherwise closely guarded indie credentials by enjoying some genuinely silly German pop.

我在网上观看了音乐视频,欣赏了一些真正愚蠢的德国流行音乐,从而危及了我原本严密保护的独立音乐资格。

Doing so in a foreign language meant a curious alchemy took place: I was incapable of finding anything kitsch.

用外语这样做意味着发生了一种奇怪的炼金术:我无法找到任何庸俗的东西。

Cologne-area dad rock, no problem.

科隆地区的老爸摇滚,没问题。

When the YouTube algorithm forced soap opera heartthrob Jörn Schlönvoigt’s attempted pop crossover Das Gegenteil von Liebe on me, I slurped it right down.

当 YouTube 算法将肥皂剧万人迷 Jörn Schlönvoigt 试图跨界的流行音乐《Das Gegenteil von Liebe》强行灌输给我时,我直接把它吞了下去。

I even took a liking to Germany’s premier comedy a cappella group, an aging quintet by the name of Wise Guys.

我什至喜欢上了德国首屈一指的喜剧无伴奏合唱团,这是一个名为“Wise Guys”的老年五人组。

Recently I pulled up Wise Guys again because I remembered they had a song called Denglish — poor bastards, I thought, worrying back in 2006 with no idea of how anglicised their world would become.

最近,我再次打开了 Wise Guys,因为我记得他们有一首叫做 Denglish 的歌——可怜的混蛋,我想,回到 2006 年,我担心不知道他们的世界会变得多么英国化。

It’s a cheeky little number that sends up both Denglisch’s faux trendiness and the heavy-handed backlash against it.

这个厚脸皮的小数字既凸显了 Denglisch 的假时尚,又引发了强烈的反对。

(One line goes: « Und gib, dass Microsoft bald wieder ‘Kleinweich’ heißt .

(其中一行是:“Und gib, dass Microsoft bald wieder ‘Kleinweich’ heißt ”。

») I thought it would be perfect for this essay — a harbinger of linguistic doom with a cute ironic twist.

»)我认为这对这篇文章来说是完美的——这是语言厄运的预兆,带有可爱的讽刺意味。

But when I listened it through, I found that their mid-2000s anglicisms were mostly stale now, and rarely ever used at all.

但当我听完之后,我发现他们2000年代中期的英语现在大多已经过时了,而且根本很少使用。

At the moment, German newspapers describe any kind of drama as ein Shitstorm : who knows if that is here to stay.

目前,德国报纸将任何类型的戏剧都描述为“屎风暴”:谁知道这种情况是否会持续下去。

What leads a loan word to travel?

是什么导致外来词走向旅行?

Is it the fantasy of foreign places, the thrill of the exotic?

是异国他乡的奇幻,异域风情的刺激吗?

Or is it a culture’s perception of its own shortcomings?

或者是一种文化对自身缺点的认识?

Preeminent recent anglicisms in contemporary German — words like recycelt, Streamlining, queer, Smash, Gender-Wokismus, cringe, Slay, Sneaker-Release, Content-Manager — hint at a varied and vivid set of contact points.

当代德语中近期杰出的英语词汇——诸如“recycelt”、“Streamlined”、“queer”、“Smash”、“Gender-Wokismus”、“cringe”、“Slay”、“Sneaker-Release”、“Content-Manager”等词——暗示着一系列多样而生动的接触点。

Being an English native speaker in Berlin means wading daily through a sea of linguistic nonsense.

在柏林,作为一个以英语为母语的人意味着每天都要在语言的废话海洋中跋涉。

« Be Coffee My Monkey » orders one café; another says « Make Coffee Love Magic ».

《Be Coffee My Monkey》点了一家咖啡馆;另一个说“让咖啡充满魔力”。

At one of those cafés you might overhear Germans saying things like « das ist ein Gamechanger!

在其中一家咖啡馆,您可能会无意中听到德国人说“das ist ein Gamechanger!”之类的话。

» and « Hast du’s geliket?

» 和 « 杜的geliket 了吗?

» and « Oh my God was für ein Fuck-My-Life-Moment ».

”和“天哪,这是他妈的我的生命时刻”。

On bad days, I worry that English has turned primarily into a status symbol — a tool of pure Habitus, a means for young elites to signify their cosmopolitanism and savviness.

在糟糕的日子里,我担心英语主要已经变成了一种身份象征——一种纯粹习惯的工具,一种年轻精英象征其世界主义和悟性的手段。

On days like that, it’s also hard to avoid the feeling that English — the language I inhabit, the tool I use to pay the rent and tell my wife I love her — is like too little butter spread out across too many bits of toast.

在这样的日子里,我们也很难避免这样的感觉:英语——我所使用的语言,我用来支付房租和告诉妻子我爱她的工具——就像太少的黄油涂在太多的吐司上。

In her novel Flights , Olga Tokarczuk wryly marvels that there are countries out there where people have English as a mother tongue.

奥尔加·托卡尔丘克(Olga Tokarczuk)在她的小说《航班》(Flights)中挖苦地惊叹,有些国家的人们以英语为母语。

Other Europeans might speak English when they travel, but they always have their own languages tucked away for private use.

其他欧洲人旅行时可能会说英语,但他们总是保留自己的语言供私人使用。

Anglophones, by contrast, have nothing to fall back on: « How lost they must feel in the world, where all instructions, all the lyrics of all the stupidest possible songs, all the menus, all the excruciating pamphlets and brochures — even the buttons in the lift!

相比之下,英语国家没有什么可以依靠的:“他们在这个世界上一定感到多么迷失,那里有所有的说明、所有最愚蠢的歌曲的所有歌词、所有的菜单、所有令人痛苦的小册子和小册子——甚至电梯里的按钮!

— are in their private language, » she writes.

——都是他们的私人语言,”她写道。

« Wherever they are, people have unlimited access to them — they are accessible to everyone and everything!

« 无论它们身在何处,人们都可以无限制地访问它们——每个人和所有事物都可以访问它们!

»

»

In the battle of the languages, then, this absolute anglophone triumph might be as Pyhrric a victory as a victory can be.

那么,在语言之战中,英语国家的这场绝对胜利可能就像皮里克一样,是一场最大的胜利。

Ease of access means seeing the worst of yourself plastered everywhere; it’s a privilege, sure, but a source of embarrassment and solitude as well.

容易接触意味着到处都能看到自己最糟糕的一面;当然,这是一种特权,但也是尴尬和孤独的根源。

If das Grindset is what winning looks like, then count me tired of winning.

如果胜利就是这个样子,那算我厌倦了胜利吧。

« A poor little sausage was I, When I in German sing, oh my…

« 我是一根可怜的小香肠,当我用德语唱歌时,哦天哪......

» « M(e)y English Song », by Reinhard Mey (1985)

» 《M(e)y 英语歌曲》,莱因哈德·梅 (Reinhard Mey) (1985)

At my local café, they do great coffee, Aussie style.

在我当地的咖啡馆,他们提供美味的澳大利亚风味咖啡。

Just imagine my horror when I figured out why.

想象一下当我弄清楚原因时我的恐惧。

In one of Flights ’s airport scenes, Tokarczuk bemoans the horror of encountering your compatriots abroad: Olga mate, try being an Australian in Europe!

在《航班》的一个机场场景中,托卡尔丘克哀叹在国外遇到同胞的恐惧:奥尔加伙计,尝试在欧洲做一个澳大利亚人!

Nevertheless, in what can only be described as a fearless act of radical anti-neocolonialism, I insist on speaking German when I’m there.

尽管如此,我坚持在那里时说德语,这只能被描述为激进反新殖民主义的无畏行为。

So do the baristas.

咖啡师也是如此。

There’s no chance — my accent being as it is — that they haven’t seen through me.

就我的口音而言,他们不可能没有看穿我。

My coffee order of choice doesn’t help in that regard.

我选择的咖啡订单在这方面没有帮助。

« Hallo , » I say each time, « uh, ein Flat White bitte ».

“你好,”我每次都会说,“呃,ein Flat White bitte”。

« Ein Flat White, Kuhmilch?

« Ein Flat White,Kuhmilch?

» the Aussie barista asks.

» 澳大利亚咖啡师问道。

« Ja, Kuh .

« 啊,库。

» Hearing us both butcher the language of Goethe and Schiller while absolutely nailing the pronunciation of « flat white » would surely leave Jens Spahn begging us to please, please just speak in English.

» 听到我们一边糟蹋歌德和席勒的语言,一边又绝对地掌握“平白”的发音,延斯·斯潘肯定会恳求我们,请只用英语说话。

But that, mein lieber Jens , is something that I simply will not do.

但我根本不会这么做。

On days I don’t spend fretting over the soul of both German and my native tongue, I can find great pleasure in Denglish — in seeing, that is, my own language made camp.

当我不为德语和母语的灵魂而烦恼的日子里,我可以在英语中找到极大的乐趣——看到我自己的语言构成了营地。

(One is tempted, here in the city of Brecht, to speak of « alienation effects ».) It can even be re-enchanting.

(在布莱希特市,人们很想谈论“疏远效应”。)它甚至可以重新令人着迷。

And sometimes the anglicisers have a point!

有时英国学者说得有道理!

One would much rather talk of race than Rasse , a word that Germans use for dogs.

人们更愿意谈论种族而不是“Rasse”(德国人用这个词来形容狗)。

The fact that baby sounds a million times cuter than Säugling must be a boon for the German parent-child bond.

事实上,baby 听起来比 Säugling 可爱一百万倍,这对德国亲子关系来说肯定是一个福音。

As for Finger Food: Hell yeah, brother!

至于手指食物:天哪,兄弟!

Food for your fingers!

手指的食物!

I like how English loan words jam the rules of German grammar.

我喜欢英语借词如何干扰德语语法规则。

I once read a discussion thread on a forum where people argued whether fighten — preferred by many German boxing fans, for some reason, over kämpfen — should take the past-participle gefightet, gefighted or gefaughtet .

我曾经在一个论坛上读过一个讨论帖子,其中人们争论是否应该使用过去分词 gefightet、gefighted 或 gefaughtet 。

Certain German verbs are separable, which means you split the two parts in some sentence structures or in past-participle form.

某些德语动词是可分离的,这意味着您可以在某些句子结构或过去分词形式中将两个部分分开。

( Ausbeuten: ausgebeutet .) But do you separate imported English compound words?

(Ausbeuten:ausgebeutet。)但是您是否将导入的英语复合词分开?

Once you start saying downloaden for « to download », you have to consider whether the past form is gedownloadet or downgeloadet .

一旦你开始说 downloaden 表示“下载”,你就必须考虑过去的形式是 gedownloadet 还是 downgeloadet 。

More recently I spent fifteen minutes of my only given time on God’s green earth trying to work out whether Queerbaiting would be separable when conjugated.

最近,我在上帝的绿色地球上花了我唯一的时间十五分钟,试图弄清楚酷儿诱饵在共轭时是否可以分离。

• Du baitest queer.

• 杜最酷儿。

• Sie baitet queer.

• Sie baitet queer。

• Niemand hat die Absicht, queerzubaiten.

• Niemand hat die Absicht, queerzubaiten。

• O Harry Styles, bitte, baite mich nicht queer!

• 噢,哈利·斯泰尔斯,咬人,咬人,真是个奇怪的人!

Linguistically speaking, anglicisms in German take a range of different forms.

从语言学上来说,德语中的英语主义有多种不同的形式。

One kind involves straight loan words: das Hobby , die Ladys .

一类涉及直接借用词:das Hobby, die Ladys。

Another is called a calque — an English phrase that has been translated unidiomatically into German.

另一种称为“calque”——一个英语短语,已被不地道地翻译成德语。

In this case, all the words are still German, but they’ve been bent out of shape.

在这种情况下,所有单词仍然是德语,但它们已经变形了。

Germans often say das passierte in 2002 not das passierte 2002 , an imitation of English grammar.

德国人常说 das passierte in 2002,而不是 das passierte 2002,这是对英语语法的模仿。

It used to be an error to translate « That makes sense » as Das macht Sinn — but now it’s German.

过去将“这是有道理的”翻译为 Das macht Sinn 是错误的——但现在它是德语。

My favourite kind of anglicism is the Scheinanglizismus .

我最喜欢的英国主义是 Scheinanglizismus。

Many languages across the world have these « pseudo-anglicisms », which consist of English phrases that are used in that language but don’t actually make sense in English.

世界上许多语言都有这些“伪英语主义”,它们由在该语言中使用但实际上在英语中没有意义的英语短语组成。

An overhead projector is called a Beamer here; a photo shoot is, rather alarmingly, a Shooting .

投影仪在这里被称为Beamer;令人震惊的是,照片拍摄是一次射击。

During lockdown, the practice of working from home got dubbed das Homeoffice , much to the bafflement of Berlin’s UK contingent.

在封锁期间,在家工作的做法被称为“家庭办公室”,这让柏林的英国团队感到非常困惑。

A male model used to be called a Dressman , in a doublepseudo- anglicism: it’s the English verb « dress » tacked onto the elegant rump of « gentleman ».

男模特过去被称为“Dressman”,这是一种双重伪英语:它是英语动词“dress”加上“gentleman”优雅的臀部。

Best of all were short-lived attempts to market the messenger satchel to Germans as Bodybag .

最重要的是,他们曾短暂尝试将这款斜挎包以“Bodybag”的名称推销给德国人。

These phony anglicisms have captured my imagination.

这些虚假的英国语已经激发了我的想象力。

My first instinct, upon arriving in Berlin, had been to take a stand against rapacious English in defense of plucky old German.

到达柏林后,我的第一反应是反对贪婪的英国人,捍卫勇敢的老德国人。

But Bodybag , Beamer and co. have helped me to leave my humourlessly monoglot preconceptions behind.

但是 Bodybag、Beamer 等公司。帮助我抛弃了我那种毫无幽默感的单一语言的先入之见。

Dressman strikes me less as a point scored by English against German, and more as the construction of a whole new thing.

德雷斯曼给我的印象与其说是英语对阵德语的得分,不如说是一种全新事物的构建。

Why consider languages as rivals, after all?

毕竟,为什么将语言视为竞争对手呢?

You can borrow from one language and not lose your own.

你可以借用一种语言,而不会失去自己的语言。

And while the specific matter of Denglisch clearly reflects broader inequalities and homogenising processes, it seems to lie downstream of all the really odious stuff.

虽然登格利施的具体问题清楚地反映了更广泛的不平等和同质化过程,但它似乎位于所有真正令人厌恶的事情的下游。

For one thing — unlike wealthy Anglo expats not trying to learn German, which I still think stinks — Denglisch appears to be largely self-inflected.

一方面,与那些不尝试学习德语的富有的英国人不同,我仍然认为这很糟糕——Denglisch 似乎在很大程度上是自我改变的。

If people here want to alienate their parents by talking about Influencer*innen and Relearning and Management , that seems primarily German-vs-German; if local marketers want to go around calling mobile phone contracts a Handyplan , well, I shan’t feel too guilty for finding that hilarious.

如果这里的人们想通过谈论影响者*内在和再学习和管理来疏远他们的父母,那似乎主要是德国人与德国人之间的对抗;如果当地营销人员想把手机合同称为“Handyplan”,那么,我不会因为觉得这很搞笑而感到太内疚。

The longer I live between languages, the more I realise that language is roomy; people’s minds, and lives, are roomy.

我在两种语言之间生活的时间越长,我就越意识到语言的广阔;人们的思想和生活是广阔的。

If homogenization has a kryptonite, it is not the closing of borders but the survival of plurality.

如果同质化有氪石,那么它不是边界的关闭,而是多元化的生存。

Here in Berlin, a cosmos of authors make hay in the linguistic collision zones.

在柏林,一大群作家在语言冲突区大干一场。

The Japanese-born novelist and translator Yoko Tawada describes language in botanical terms — in her work, it evolves and grows as if in cracks between the paving.

日本出生的小说家兼翻译家多和田洋子用植物学的术语来描述语言——在她的作品中,语言就像在铺路石之间的裂缝中进化和生长。

Uljana Wolf’s recent essay collection Etymologisches Gossip is powered by puns, associative threads and philolo-riffs taken from German as well as English.

乌尔贾娜·沃尔夫(Uljana Wolf)最近的散文集《词源八卦》(Etymologisches Gossip)采用了来自德语和英语的双关语、联想线索和哲学连复段。

Ulrike Draesner’s poetry sequence Doggerland, meanwhile, recreates that ancient Anglo-Germanic land bridge through a polyphonic mixture of German, English and their shared linguistic ancestors.

与此同时,乌尔里克·德拉斯纳(Ulrike Draesner)的诗歌序列《狗国》(Doggerland)通过德语、英语及其共同语言祖先的复调混合,再现了古老的英日耳曼陆桥。

I went to see her live and it was unforgettably unsettling.

我去看了她的现场,那是令人难忘的不安。

spannen um zu äußern ( outer, utter ) dass stretch stretch etwas ( t-hing ) ihnen ( pleases ) gefällt weil es hängt oder eine angel ist ( hinge ) geben sie viel ( leave it ) auf

spannen um zu äußern(外部,完全)dass 拉伸拉伸 etwas(t-hing)ihnen(请)gefällt weil es hängt oder eineangel ist(铰链)geben sie viel(留下它)auf

My first taste of English as lingua franca came in 2011 during my first visit to Berlin, the first proper period of time I’d spent in a non-anglophone country.

我第一次尝到英语作为通用语言是在 2011 年,当时我第一次访问柏林,那是我在非英语国家度过的第一个适当的时期。

I spent the whole summer in the company of fellow NGO interns and Erasmus students, a big horde of us who came in from all over Europe for two giddy months.

整个夏天我都在非政府组织实习生和伊拉斯谟学生的陪伴下度过,我们一大群人从欧洲各地来到这里,度过了令人头晕的两个月。

We all spoke English together — a specific, trans-European kind of English.

我们都一起说英语——一种特定的、跨欧洲的英语。

I did not even notice it until once, while chatting on the phone to my brother in Australia, I said: « Your mate Ben, he plays very well the guitar, no?

我什至没有注意到这一点,直到有一次,当我在澳大利亚给我的兄弟打电话时,我说:“你的朋友本,他吉他弹得很好,不是吗?”

»

»

Misused English in the EU: Aids / Anglo-Saxon / Anti- / Badge / Comitology / Dispose (of)

欧盟滥用英语:Aids / Anglo-Saxon / Anti- / Badge / Comitology / Dispose (of)

Global English has been theorised extensively.

全球英语已被广泛理论化。

In 1995, French businessman Jean-Paul Nerrière coined the term « globish » to describe a « decaffeinated » version of English spoken by non-native businesspeople abroad.

1995 年,法国商人让-保罗·内里埃 (Jean-Paul Nerrière) 创造了“globish”一词来描述国外非母语商人所说的“不含咖啡因”的英语。

In the wake of Brexit, a public debate broke out over what it meant for English as a European language — and as an official EU language — now that the UK would not be around to maintain its standards.

英国脱欧后,由于英国不再维持其标准,英语作为欧洲语言和欧盟官方语言意味着什么,爆发了一场公开辩论。

(A remarkable act of Republic-of-Ireland-erasure, but ah sure look it .) A well-publicised report was released by Jeremy Gardner, former senior translator at the European Court of Auditors, enumerating a list of standard deviations from British English norms common across the continent: an overuse of gerunds (« I am coming from Italy »), understanding « actual » to mean « current » instead of « real », and so on.

(爱尔兰共和国的删除行为是引人注目的,但是啊,确实是这样。)欧洲审计院前高级翻译杰里米·加德纳(Jeremy Gardner)发布了一份广为人知的报告,列举了一系列与欧洲大陆常见的英国英语规范的标准偏差:过度使用动名词(“我来自意大利”),将“实际”理解为“当前”而不是“真实”,等等。

Some suggested that « Euro English », English without the English, was actually a pidgin.

有人认为“欧洲英语”,即没有英语的英语,实际上是洋泾浜语。

English, as the American author Leslie Dunton-Downer observes in The English is Coming!

英语,正如美国作家莱斯利·邓顿-唐纳 (Leslie Dunton-Downer) 在《英语即将到来》中所观察到的那样。

(2010), is not just a language with more loan words than « native » ones — it is also a language with more non-native speakers than native ones.

(2010),它不仅是一种外来词比“母语”词更多的语言,也是一种非母语者比母语者更多的语言。

My relationship to the language is probably less typical than that of the bloke who named his barber shop WHITE BOSS.

我与这门语言的关系可能不像那个把他的理发店命名为“白人老板”的人那么典型。

Per capita, English now belongs not to me or Mr. Gardner, but to those who’ve gone and learned it.

从人均角度来看,英语现在不属于我或加德纳先生,而是属于那些已经学会了英语的人。

In her collection Hardly War (2016), the currently-Leipzig-based poet Don Mee Choi writes: « I am a foreigner who writes in English / Because English is a foreigner like me.

目前居住在莱比锡的诗人 Don Mee Choi 在她的诗集 Hardly War(2016)中写道:“我是一个用英语写作的外国人/因为英语是像我一样的外国人。

» English as a foreigner: it’s quite an attractive idea.

» 作为外国人讲英语:这是一个非常有吸引力的想法。

Perhaps being a native speaker of English means learning to be at home in something that everyone else has a claim on — like having grown up in Stratford-upon-Avon or Las Vegas (or, I suppose, East Berlin).

也许作为一个以英语为母语的人意味着学会在其他人都拥有的东西中感到自在——比如在埃文河畔斯特拉特福或拉斯维加斯(或者我想是东柏林)长大。

More misused English in the EU: Incite / Global / Note / Of / Sickness Insurance / So-called / Training (a)

欧盟更误用的英语:Incite / Global / Note / Of / Sickness Insurance / Soowned / Training (a)

I always used to think that lingua franca meant Latin, but I’ve come to learn differently.

我曾经一直认为通用语意味着拉丁语,但我开始以不同的方式学习。

The original Lingua Franca was no official elite language but instead a pidgin used for trade around the eastern Mediterranean from around the eleventh century throughout the early modern period — or, more accurately, an array of different pidgins, which mixed elements of Latin via Italian with bits of Arabic, Greek, Turkish and other languages.

最初的通用语言并不是官方的精英语言,而是从十一世纪到近代早期用于地中海东部贸易的洋泾浜语,或者更准确地说,是一系列不同的洋泾浜语,它们混合了拉丁语、意大利语和阿拉伯语、希腊语、土耳其语和其他语言的元素。

Lingua Franca, as Dunton-Downer notes, was not a « standardized or codified language » but instead a spectrum of dialects that varied according to location, purpose, and time.

正如邓顿-唐纳所说,通用语言并不是一种“标准化或法典化的语言”,而是一系列根据地点、目的和时间而变化的方言。

I wonder if this might be a healthier way to think about English (and German) today.

我想知道这是否是当今思考英语(和德语)的更健康的方式。

The loan word, the calque, the bilingual pun: they are all signs of a shared set of references.

借用词、calque、双语双关语:它们都是一组共享引用的标志。

Thanks to international football fandom, I know the phrase cross and inshallah better than most English proverbs.

感谢国际足球迷的支持,我比大多数英语谚语更了解“cross”和“inshallah”这两个短语。

For those of us who grew up with the internet, in Europe and beyond, web culture has generated its own international Kulturnation : an online German 32-year-old and I will both, for better or worse, understand what is meant by « emu lesbian finally milkshake ducked », while neither of our mothers would have a clue.

对于我们这些伴随着互联网长大的人来说,无论是在欧洲还是其他地区,网络文化已经产生了自己的国际文化:无论好坏,我和一个 32 岁的德国网民都会理解“鸸鹋女同性恋终于奶昔了”的含义,而我们的母亲却一无所知。

Young Germans’ use of anglicisms is most basically the natural consequence of hanging out online.

德国年轻人使用英语基本上是上网的自然结果。

But just as globalisation renders some things more (superficially) similar, it also generates new kinds of locality.

但正如全球化使某些事物变得更加(表面上)相似一样,它也产生了新的地方性。

Berlinglish is a sign of having lived here with variously open eyes and ears.

柏林英语是居住在这里的标志,具有不同程度的睁开眼睛和耳朵。

It is a minor, local English — an English set up to be shared.

这是一种小规模的当地英语——一种旨在共享的英语。

When I edit for the magazine, one German word I never take out — and occasionally add in — is Wahlberliner*in : Berliner by choice.

当我为杂志编辑时,我从来没有删除过一个德语单词——偶尔会添加进去——是 Wahlberliner*in:柏林人的选择。

It’s a lovely made-up word for anyone who’s decided to live here without having been born here.

对于那些决定住在这里但不是出生在这里的人来说,这是一个可爱的虚构词。

Occasionally I feel guilty to include it: I don’t think it really passes the Wegbier -expat editorial usage test.

有时我会因为将其包含在内而感到内疚:我认为它并没有真正通过 Wegbier -expat 编辑使用测试。

But I like it, sentimental as I am, and perhaps it wouldn’t hurt our readers too much to go look something up for once.

但我喜欢它,尽管我很感伤,也许一次去查找一些东西不会对我们的读者造成太大伤害。

Oh, Herr bitte gib mir meine Sprache zurück Ich sehne mich nach Frieden und ’nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehen in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach’ die Hirne weit

哦,Herr bitte gib mir meine Sprache zurück Ich sehne mich nach Frieden und 'nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehen in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach' die Hirne weit

Ich bin zum Bahnhof gerannt und war a little bit too late Auf meiner neuen Swatch war’s schon kurz vor after eight Ich suchte die Toilette, doch ich fand nur ein « McClean » Ich brauchte noch Connection und ein Ticket nach Berlin Draußen saßen Kids und hatten Fun mit einem Joint Ich suchte eine Auskunft, doch es gab nur ’n Service Point Mein Zug war leider abgefahr’n - das Traveln konnt’ ich knicken Da wollte ich Hähnchen essen, doch man gab mir nur McChicken

Ich bin zum Bahnhof gerannt und war a a bit bit too Late Auf meiner neuen Swatch war’s schon kurz vor after 8 Ich suchte dieriotte, doch ich fand nur ein « McClean » Ich brauchte noch Connection und ein Ticket nach Berlin Draußen saßen Kids und hatten Fun mit einem Joint Ich suchte eine Auskunft, doch es gab努尔 'n 服务点 Mein Zug 战争 leider abgefahr'n - das Traveln konnt' ich knicken Da wollte ich Hähnchen essen, doch man gab mir nur McChicken

Oh, Herr bitte gib mir meine Sprache zurück Ich sehne mich nach Frieden und ’nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehen in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach’ die Hirne weit

哦,Herr bitte gib mir meine Sprache zurück Ich sehne mich nach Frieden und 'nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehen in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach' die Hirne weit

Du versuchst mich upzudaten, doch mein Feedback turned dich ab Du sagst, dass ich ein Wellness-Weekend dringend nötig hab Du sagst, ich käm’ mit good Vibrations wieder in den Flow Du sagst, ich brauche Energy.

Du versuchst mich upzudaten, doch mein Feedbackturned dich ab Du sagst, dass ich ein Wellness-Weekend dringend notig hab Du sagst, ich käm’ mit good Vibrations wieder in den Flow Du sagst, ich brauche Energy.

Und ich denk: « Das sagst du so...

Und ich denk: « Das sagst du so...

» Statt Nachrichten bekomme ich den Infotainment-Flash Ich sehne mich nach Bargeld, doch man gibt mir nicht mal Cash Ich fühl’ mich beim Communicating unsicher wie nie — Da nützt mir auch kein Bodyguard.

» 新闻娱乐-Flash 中的信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐-Flash 信息娱乐系统

Ich brauch Security!

非常安全!

Oh, Lord, bitte gib mir meine Language zurück Ich sehne mich nach Peace und ’nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehn in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach’ die Hirne weit

哦,主啊,bitte gib mir meine Language zurück Ich sehne mich nach Peace und 'nem kleinen Stückchen Glück Lass uns noch ein Wort verstehn in dieser schweren Zeit Öffne unsre Herzen, mach' die Hirne weit

Ich will, dass beim Coffee-Shop « Kaffeehaus » oben draufsteht Oder das beim Auto-Crash die « Lufttasche » aufgeht Und schön wär’s, wenn wir Bodybuilder « Muskel-Mäster » nennen Und wenn nur noch « Nordisch Geher » durch die Landschaft rennen

我会,在咖啡店“Kaffeehaus”上,在“Lufttasche”上发生汽车碰撞事故,在“Muskel-Mäster”上健美运动员“Muskel-Mäster”上,在“Nordisch Geher”上,在Landschaft rennen上进行“Nordisch Geher”

Oh, Lord, please help, denn meine Language macht mir Stress Ich sehne mich nach Peace und a bit of Happiness Hilf uns, dass wir understand in dieser schweren Zeit Open unsre hearts und make die Hirne weit Oh, Lord, please gib mir meine Language back Ich krieg hier bald die crisis, man, it has doch keinen Zweck Let us noch a word verstehen, it goes me on the Geist

哦,主啊,请帮助我,语言macht mir 压力 Ich sehne mich nach 和平和一点幸福 Hilf uns,dass wir 了解在 dieser schweren Zeit 打开心胸并让死亡 Hirne weit 哦,主啊,请 gib mir meine 语言回来 我克利格秃头死亡危机,伙计,它有 doch keinen Zweck 让我们说一句话verstehen,它让我感受到了精神

I think that I make something wrong, I once must make an English song, ‘Cause in my radio everyday I hear them English music play And all the radio people stand On songs they cannot understand!

我觉得我做错了什么,我曾经必须制作一首英文歌曲,因为每天我都在我的收音机里听到他们播放英文音乐,而所有的收音机里的人都站在他们听不懂的歌曲上!

So I sing English now that‘s really animally strong And you can hear my English song all day long Out your loudspeaker at home or riding in your car All over this, our land, wherever you are From the SFB to the WDR Oh baby, oh yeah

所以我现在唱英文歌,真的很动物性很强你可以整天听到我的英文歌在家里或在你的车里通过你的扩音器在这一切,我们的土地上,无论你在哪里从SFB到WDR哦宝贝,哦耶

A poor little sausage was I, When I in German sing, oh my — I could not English, but quite cool, I learned it at the Folks High School.

我是一根可怜的小香肠,当我用德语唱歌时,哦天哪——我不会英语,但很酷,我在人民高中学的。

Now my producer says me: « Well, What do we now for records sell!

现在我的制作人对我说:“好吧,我们现在卖什么唱片!

»

»

So I sing English now that‘s really animally strong And you can hear my English song all day long Out your loudspeaker at home or riding in your car All over this, our land, wherever you are From the SFB to the WDR.

所以我现在唱英文歌,真的很动物性很强,你可以整天听到我的英文歌,在家里或在你的车里通过你的扬声器,在这片土地上,我们的土地上,无论你身在何处从SFB到WDR。

Oh baby, oh yeah

哦宝贝,哦耶

You reach the German music-freak Now only if you can English speak, And if you will a song outbring, You better should it English sing!

现在只要你能说英语,你就达到了德国音乐怪胎,如果你想唱一首歌,你最好用英语唱!

And people flip out, say I you my friend, Even if they only railway station understand!

人们会发怒,说我是你我的朋友,即使他们只有火车站明白!

So I sing English now, that‘s really animally strong And you can hear my English song all day long Out of your loudspeaker at home or riding in your car All over this, our land, wherever you are From the SFB to the WDR.

所以我现在唱英语,这真的很强烈你可以整天听到我的英语歌曲从你家里的扬声器或骑在你的车里所有这一切,我们的土地,无论你在哪里从SFB到WDR。

And you can even me On TV see: Sometimes at ZDF, Sometimes on ARD, Oh babe, oh yeah!

你甚至可以在电视上看到:有时在 ZDF,有时在 ARD,哦宝贝,哦耶!

Explanation The word « aid » is usually uncountable (...) in the meaning covered here (=assistance, which is also uncountable) and should only be used in the singular.

解释 “aid”一词在此处所涵盖的含义中通常是不可数的 (...)(=assistance,也是不可数的),并且只能以单数形式使用。

With an « -s », it is commonly used to refer to a disease (AIDS) or to devices that help you do something (e.g. « hearing aids » or « teaching aids »).

带“-s”的词通常用于指代一种疾病(艾滋病)或帮助您做某事的设备(例如“助听器”或“教具”)。

Significantly, of the 3,232 examples of the word « aids » included in the British National Corpus, nearly all those used to mean « assistance » come from EU sources.

值得注意的是,在英国国家语料库中包含的 3,232 个“艾滋病”一词的例子中,几乎所有用于表示“援助”的例子都来自欧盟。

Example « State aids — Decisions to propose appropriate measures pursuant to Article 108(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union where the Member State concerned has accepted those measures ».

示例“国家援助——根据《欧盟运作条约》第 108(1) 条提出适当措施的决定,其中有关成员国已接受这些措施”。

Explanation In English, the term « Anglo-Saxon » is generally used to describe a member of any of the West Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) that settled in Britain from the 5th century AD.

说明 在英语中,“盎格鲁-撒克逊”一词通常用于描述自公元 5 世纪以来定居在英国的西日耳曼部落(盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人)的成员。

Also, particularly in America, it is used to denominate white people, usually of the Protestant faith (« WASPS »), thus excluding large swathes of the population of that country.

此外,特别是在美国,它被用来称呼白人,通常信仰新教(“WASPS”),从而排除了该国的大部分人口。

It follows that there is no such thing as an Anglo-Saxon country, or, as in the example below, an Anglo-Saxon agency or Anglo-Saxon capitalism.

由此可见,不存在盎格鲁撒克逊国家,或者如下例所示的盎格鲁撒克逊机构或盎格鲁撒克逊资本主义。

Furthermore, the Anglo-Saxon language ceased to exist in the 12th century (I am ill-informed about Brussels, but the last known speaker in Luxembourg was St Willibrord, 658739).

此外,盎格鲁撒克逊语言在12世纪就不复存在了(我对布鲁塞尔了解甚少,但卢森堡最后一位已知的使用者是圣威利布罗德(St Willibrord),658739)。

This term is particularly inapplicable (and, I gather, irritating for those concerned) when used to describe the Irish, Scots and Welsh, who partly base their national identities on not being descended from the Anglo-Saxons (everybody seems to have forgotten about the poor Jutes), and verges on the ridiculous when used to include West Indians or people like the incumbent US president, who, in EU terminology, would be the leader of the Anglo-Saxon world.

当这个词用来描述爱尔兰人、苏格兰人和威尔士人时,这个词特别不适用(而且,我认为,这让有关人员感到恼火),这些人的民族身份部分基于他们不是盎格鲁撒克逊人的后裔(每个人似乎都忘记了可怜的黄麻人),当用来形容西印度群岛人或像现任美国总统这样的人时,就近乎荒谬了,用欧盟的术语来说,他将是欧洲联盟的领导人。盎格鲁撒克逊世界。

Example « The Anglo-Saxon group of agencies reflect (sic) the previous dominance of Anglo-Saxon capitalism which was not disrupted by two world wars and the specific operational issues relating to Asian economies.» Alternatives « English-speaking » when referring to the countries or the people, « British » and « American » (« Australian » or whatever) when referring to agencies, capitalism etc. The term may, however, be used if you are talking about something like the (presumed) « Anglo-Saxon conspiracy » and you will often find it used ironically in this way in the British press (usually in inverted commas).

示例 « 盎格鲁-撒克逊机构集团反映了(原文如此)盎格鲁-撒克逊资本主义先前的统治地位,这种统治地位并未受到两次世界大战和与亚洲经济相关的具体运作问题的干扰。»当指代国家或人民时,可以使用“英语”,当指代机构、资本主义等时,可以使用“英国”和“美国”(“澳大利亚”或其他)。但是,如果您谈论的是(假定的)“盎格鲁撒克逊阴谋”之类的事情,则可以使用该术语,并且您经常会发现英国媒体以这种方式讽刺地使用该术语(通常用引号)。

However, it has negative connotations and should be avoided in any serious writing.

然而,它具有负面含义,在任何严肃的写作中都应该避免。

Explanation The UK has a fraud office and a serious fraud office.

说明 英国设有欺诈办公室和严重欺诈办公室。

It also has a national crime agency, drug squads and vice squads.

它还设有国家犯罪机构、缉毒队和刑警队。

In the EU, on the other hand, we have the Scandinavian sounding OLAF (the European Anti Fraud Office), anti-crime policies, anti-drugs trafficking, anti-cyber crime investigation and the like.

另一方面,在欧盟,我们有听起来斯堪的纳维亚风格的OLAF(欧洲反欺诈办公室),负责反犯罪政策、反毒品贩运、反网络犯罪调查等。

Have perhaps EU authors and readers been labouring under the misapprehension that the above-mentioned UK bodies are actually involved in perpetrating crime because they have no anti-?

欧盟作者和读者是否可能一直误以为上述英国机构实际上参与了犯罪活动,因为它们没有反腐败措施?

Examples « A number of actions to meet these threats have been outlined within the framework of the Commission anti-cyber crime policy ».

示例 “委员会反网络犯罪政策框架内概述了应对这些威胁的一系列行动”。

« For example, the rapid exchange of information between VAT anti-fraud units in different Member States and the development of common risk analysis models were considered by stakeholders as important tools for the early detection of carousel fraud.

« 例如,利益相关者认为不同成员国增值税反欺诈部门之间的快速信息交换以及共同风险分析模型的开发是早期发现轮播欺诈的重要工具。

»

»

Explanation Although the use of the word « badge » to mean « service pass » seems to have gained currency in the English speaking world, it can still not be used to describe a lunch card or the little tag you use to clock in and out at work.

解释 虽然使用“徽章”一词来表示“服务通行证”似乎在英语世界中已经流行起来,但它仍然不能用来描述午餐卡或用于上班和下班打卡的小标签。

Generally speaking it must be something attached to or worn on your outer clothing.

一般来说,它必须是附着在或穿在你的外衣上的东西。

There is also no verb « to badge » in this context, and therefore no « badging ».

在这个上下文中也没有动词“to badging”,因此也没有“badging”。

On a brighter note, the little signs saying « badger » at the Court entrances afford some harmless amusement for English-speaking staff.

更光明的一点是,法院入口处写着“獾”的小标牌为说英语的工作人员提供了一些无害的娱乐。

Examples « Until the badging systems have been harmonised (entry and flexi-time), there is a flexitime badge reader in the cafeteria hall ».

示例 « 在徽章系统统一之前(进入和弹性时间),自助餐厅大厅内有一个弹性时间徽章阅读器 »。

« New topping up system for your children’s badge at the European School’

« 为您的孩子在欧洲学校的徽章添加新的充值系统”

Alternatives « Tag » for the clocking-in device, and « clock in/out » for the verb.

替代“标签”用于打卡设备,“时钟进/出”用于动词。

In the school example above, the object is actually a « lunch card ».

在上面的学校示例中,该对象实际上是一张“午餐卡”。

Explanation There are 1,253 instances of the word « comitology » in EUR-Lex.

解释 EUR-Lex 中有 1,253 个单词 « comitology » 的实例。

However, not only does the word not exist outside the EU institutions, but it is formed from a misspelt stem (committee has two m’s and two t’s) and a suffix that means something quite different (-ology/logy means « the science of » or « the study of »).

然而,这个词不仅不存在于欧盟机构之外,而且是由拼写错误的词干(委员会有两个 m 和两个 t)和一个含义完全不同的后缀组成的(-ology/logy 意思是“科学”或“研究”)。

It is therefore highly unlikely that an outsider would be able to deduce its meaning, even in context.

因此,即使在上下文中,外人也不太可能推断出其含义。

Fortunately, as the quote below shows, the procedure has been abolished.

幸运的是,正如下面的引文所示,该程序已被废除。

Unfortunately, the term seems to have survived.

不幸的是,这个词似乎仍然存在。

Example « The Commission must draft new rules setting out the powers and workings of the bodies replacing the Committees in the framework of the now-abolished comitology procedure, to ensure that the new system operates properly ».

示例“委员会必须起草新规则,规定在现已废除的委员会程序框架内取代委员会的机构的权力和运作,以确保新系统正常运行”。

Explanation The most common meaning of « dispose of » is « to get rid of » or « to throw away »; it never means « to have », « to possess » or « to have in one’s possession ».

解释 “dispose of”最常见的意思是“摆脱”或“扔掉”;它绝不意味着“拥有”、“拥有”或“拥有”。

Thus, the sentence « The managing authority disposes of the data regarding participants » does not mean that it has them available; on the contrary, it means that it throws them away or deletes them.

因此,“管理机构处置有关参与者的数据”这句话并不意味着它拥有这些数据;相反,这意味着它丢弃或删除它们。

Similarly, the sentence below does not mean: « the Commission may not have independent sources of information », it means that the Commission is not permitted to discard the sources that it has.

同样,下面这句话的意思并不是:“委员会可能没有独立的信息来源”,而是意味着委员会不得放弃其拥有的信息来源。

Example « The Commission may not be able to assess the reliability of the data provided by Member States and may not dispose of independent information sources.

示例 « 委员会可能无法评估成员国提供的数据的可靠性,也可能无法处理独立的信息来源。

»

»

Alternatives have, possess, xyz is/are not available to [the Commission].

[委员会] 拥有、拥有、xyz 没有替代方案。

Explanation In English, as in other languages, « global » can mean both « worldwide » and « overall », but sometimes it can be a little confusing in the latter meaning.

解释 在英语中,与其他语言一样,“global”既可以表示“全世界”,也可以表示“总体”,但有时后一种含义可能会有点令人困惑。

This became clear when an internal email was sent « to everybody » announcing that there would be « a global power cut ».

当一封内部电子邮件“发给所有人”,宣布将“全球停电”时,这一点就变得很清楚了。

Alternatives If there is any ambiguity, prefer « general » or « overall ».

替代方案 如果有任何歧义,请选择“一般”或“整体”。

Explanation To incite means to ‘encourage or stir up (violent or unlawful behaviour)’ or to ‘urge or persuade (someone) to act in a violent or unlawful way’.

解释 煽动是指“鼓励或煽动(暴力或非法行为)”或“敦促或说服(某人)以暴力或非法方式行事”。

You cannot therefore, except in some Alice-in-Wonderland parallel universe, incite someone to buy a car, use organic farming techniques or comply with a regulation.

因此,除了在某些爱丽丝梦游仙境的平行宇宙中之外,你不能煽动某人购买汽车、使用有机农业技术或遵守法规。

Examples « Although the slow charging stations have lower unit costs, the relative short ranges of EVs imply that the charging infrastructure needs to initially develop with a sufficient density to incite consumers using [= to use] such vehicles, and thus ensure utilisation rates that lead to a reasonable payback period ».

示例 “虽然慢速充电站的单位成本较低,但电动汽车的续航里程相对较短,这意味着充电基础设施需要在最初开发时达到足够的密度,以刺激消费者使用[=使用]此类车辆,从而确保利用率,从而实现合理的投资回收期”。

« Such activities shall not incite consumers to buy a product due to its particular origin.

« 此类活动不得煽动消费者购买特定产地的产品。

»

»

Explanation In the EU’s administration, the word « note » (dictionary definition = « a brief letter, usually of an informal nature ») seems to have invaded the semantic fields of both « memo » (« a written communication, as in a business office ») and « letter ».

解释 在欧盟政府中,“注释”一词(字典定义=“一封简短的信件,通常具有非正式性质”)似乎已经侵入了“备忘录”(“书面通信,如在商务办公室中”)和“信件”的语义领域。

Many of these « notes » are anything but brief, and none of them are informal.

其中许多“注释”都非常简短,而且没有一个是非正式的。

Example « An information note from Vice-President Kallas and the President, addressed to the College under the title, Review of security policy, implementation and control within the Commission, which covered physical security as well as security of information, was adopted in 2008 ».

示例 « 2008 年通过了卡拉斯副校长和校长向学院提交的一份信息说明,标题为“安全政策审查、委员会内部的实施和控制,涵盖物理安全以及信息安全”。

Explanation Many of our authors seem unsure of the rules governing English prepositions, possessive constructions and noun-noun compounds.

解释 我们的许多作者似乎不确定英语介词、所有格结构和名词-名词复合词的规则。

They therefore tend to use « of » as an all-purpose preposition in the place of « from », « by » , « in », « on », « at », etc., giving us « previous reports of the Court » instead of « previous reports by the Court’, « communication of the Commission » instead of « communication (letter?) from the Commission », « EC reports of the projects » instead of « Commission reports on the projects » etc. Moreover, phrases with « of » are often used instead of possessive « -s » constructions or noun-noun compounds (the reports of the Court/the Court’s reports, communications of the Commission/Commission communications).

因此,他们倾向于使用“of”作为通用介词来代替“from”、“by”、“in”、“on”、“at”等,给我们“以前的法院报告”而不是“法院的先前报告”,“委员会的通讯”而不是“来自委员会的通讯(信件?)”,“EC项目报告”而不是“委员会关于项目的报告”等。此外,经常使用带有“of”的短语而不是所有格“ -s » 结构或名词-名词复合词(法院的报告/法院的报告、委员会的通讯/委员会的通讯)。

This type of error can lead to ambiguity even where it is not grammatically wrong; for example, in the phrase « the system of control of the Commission’, is the Commission being controlled (audited?) or is it doing the controlling?

即使没有语法错误,这种类型的错误也可能导致歧义。例如,在短语“委员会的控制系统”中,委员会是受到控制(审计?)还是正在进行控制?

Explanation As the correct term is health insurance, presumably one would take out « sickness insurance » if one wanted to stay in bad health.

解释 由于正确的术语是健康保险,如果一个人想保持不好的健康状况,想必会购买“疾病保险”。

I am afraid we are stuck with the paradoxical « joint sickness insurance scheme », but the term should be avoided in other contexts.

恐怕我们陷入了自相矛盾的“关节病保险计划”,但在其他情况下应该避免使用这个词。

Example « A national authority may refuse authorisation to receive treatment in another Member State only if treatment which is the same or equally effective for the patient can be obtained without undue delay from an establishment with which the insured person’s sickness insurance fund has an agreement.

示例 « 仅当可以从与被保险人疾病保险基金达成协议的机构毫不无故拖延地获得对患者相同或同等有效的治疗时,国家当局才可以拒绝授权在另一个成员国接受治疗。

»

»

Explanation This is a risky term to use; although some dictionaries allow the meaning « commonly known as », others, like the Collins dictionary, emphasise that its use casts doubt on the veracity of the term it introduces = « called (in the speaker’s opinion, wrongly) by that name ».

解释 这是一个有风险的术语;尽管有些词典允许“通常被称为”的含义,但其他词典(例如柯林斯词典)强调,它的使用会让人对其引入的术语的准确性产生怀疑=“被称为(在说话者看来,错误地)被这个名字称呼”。

In the example below, it implies that the author wishes to cast doubt on the fact that the system is really transitional.

在下面的例子中,它暗示作者希望对制度是否真正具有过渡性这一事实提出质疑。

Furthermore, to cite the American heritage dictionary, « quotation marks are not used to set off descriptions that follow expressions such as so-called and self-styled, which themselves relieve the writer of responsibility for the attribution ».

此外,引用美国遗产词典,“引号不用于引发所谓的和自称等表达后面的描述,这本身就免除了作者对归属的责任”。

This use of « so-called » followed by quotation marks is very common in EU texts (second example) and should be avoided.

这种使用“所谓”后跟引号的做法在欧盟文本中很常见(第二个例子),应该避免。

Examples « The EESC notes that the so-called transitional system for the application of the minimum standard rate of VAT, set at 15 %, which was adopted back in 1992 and is due to expire on 31 December 2010, needs to be extended ».

示例 « EESC 指出,所谓的适用增值税最低标准税率(15%)的过渡制度需要延长,该制度于 1992 年采用,将于 2010 年 12 月 31 日到期”。

« With dimensions of approximately 8,5 × 30 × 23 cm, designed for monitoring the respiratory and anaesthetic gases of a patient under medical treatment (so-called « Gas Analyser Module »).

« 尺寸约为 8.5 × 30 × 23 厘米,设计用于监测接受治疗的患者的呼吸气体和麻醉气体(所谓的“气体分析仪模块”)。

Alternatives Often, as in the two examples above, « socalled » is superfluous and the other term can stand alone.

替代方案 通常,如上面的两个例子,“所谓的”是多余的,另一个术语可以独立存在。

In other cases we can say « known as » or « this is called ».

在其他情况下,我们可以说“称为”或“这称为”。

Occasionally we may use inverted commas, though here too there is a risk that they will be misinterpreted.

有时我们可能会使用引号,尽管这里也存在被误解的风险。

Explanation This is one of a series of gerunds used creatively but incorrectly as countable nouns (a training, a screening, a prefinancing, a planning), which is not generally possible in English.

解释 这是一系列创造性但错误地用作可数名词的动名词之一(培训、筛选、预融资、规划),这在英语中通常是不可能的。

Training in English is a process (the process of being trained) and it should not be used as a synonym for a « (training) course ».

英语培训是一个过程(接受培训的过程),不应将其用作“(培训)课程”的同义词。

Examples « Workers posted by a TC company (its principal place of business is outside the EU/EEA): contract services suppliers; ICT (including for the purpose of a training) »

示例 « TC 公司派遣的工人(其主要营业地点位于欧盟/欧洲经济区之外):合同服务供应商; ICT(包括出于培训目的)»

Alternatives Course (language course / I am on a course / I am doing a course), workshop (attending a workshop), presentation, talk, etc.

另类课程(语言课程/我正在上一门课程/我正在做一门课程)、研讨会(参加研讨会)、演示、演讲等。

How do literary movements arise?

文学运动是如何产生的?

About thirty years ago, I watched one emerge out of nothing: the subgenre of « literary » football books and magazines.

大约三十年前,我目睹了一种从无到有的现象:“文学”足球书籍和杂志的子类型。

Not exactly the birth of modernism, but it still taught me something about how cultural transmission works within Europe.

不完全是现代主义的诞生,但它仍然教会了我一些关于欧洲文化传播如何运作的知识。

On animal charisma and animal vengeance.

关于动物魅力和动物复仇。

What happens when an elephant goes missing a year after her death.

当大象死后一年失踪时会发生什么。

Forensic Architecture charts state-organized crimes, genocide and other disasters in three dimensions.

法医建筑从三个维度描绘了国家组织的犯罪、种族灭绝和其他灾难。

«Flat maps can’t convey the politics of water and shit.»

“平面地图无法传达水和粪便的政治。”

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